{"pageNumber":"922","pageRowStart":"23025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40804,"records":[{"id":70032189,"text":"70032189 - 2008 - Diversity, origins and virulence of Avipoxviruses in Hawaiian Forest Birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032189","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diversity, origins and virulence of Avipoxviruses in Hawaiian Forest Birds","docAbstract":"We cultured avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.) from lesions collected on Hawai'i, Maui, Moloka'i, and 'Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands from 15 native or non-native birds representing three avian orders. Phylogenetic analysis of a 538 bp fragment of the gene encoding the virus 4b core polypeptide revealed two distinct variant clusters, with sequences from chickens (fowlpox) forming a third distinct basal cluster. Pox isolates from one of these two clusters appear closely related to canarypox and other passerine pox viruses, while the second appears more specific to Hawai'i. There was no evidence that birds were infected simultaneously with multiple pox virus variants based on evaluation of multiples clones from four individuals. No obvious temporal or geographic associations were observed and strict host specificity was not apparent among the 4b-defined field isolates. We amplified a 116 bp 4b core protein gene fragment from an 'Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) collected in 1900 on Hawai'i Island that clustered closely with the second of the two variants, suggesting that this variant has been in Hawai'i for at least 100 years. The high variation detected between the three 4b clusters provides evidence for multiple, likely independent introductions, and does not support the hypothesis of infection of native species through introduction of infected fowl. Preliminary experimental infections in native Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) suggest that the 4b-defined variants may be biologically distinct, with one variant appearing more virulent. These pox viruses may interact with avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum), another introduced pathogen in Hawaiian forest bird populations, through modulation of host immune responses. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10592-007-9346-7","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Jarvi, S., Triglia, D., Giannoulis, A., Farias, M., Bianchi, K., and Atkinson, C., 2008, Diversity, origins and virulence of Avipoxviruses in Hawaiian Forest Birds: Conservation Genetics, v. 9, no. 2, p. 339-348, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9346-7.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476855,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9346-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9346-7"},{"id":242507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0353e4b0c8380cd5042a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvi, S.I.","contributorId":60341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvi","given":"S.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triglia, D.","contributorId":80481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triglia","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giannoulis, A.","contributorId":105141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giannoulis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farias, M.","contributorId":95710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farias","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bianchi, K.","contributorId":36770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Atkinson, C. T.","contributorId":29349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033240,"text":"70033240 - 2008 - Distribution of pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, and bioavailable metals in depositional sediments of the lower Missouri River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033240","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, and bioavailable metals in depositional sediments of the lower Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"The lower Missouri River was studied to determine the distribution of selected persistent organic pollutants and bioavailable metals in depositional sediments. Nineteen sites between Omaha, Nebraska and Jefferson City, Missouri were sampled. This stretch of the river receives point-source and non-point-source inputs from industrial, urban, and agricultural activities. As part of an ecological assessment of the river, concentrations of 29 legacy organochlorine pesticides (OC pesticides), including chlordanes, DDTs, and hexachlorocyclohexanes; a select list of current-use pesticides, including trifluralin, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and permethrin, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), divalent metals (copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, and lead), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined. Concentrations (dry weight basis) of OC pesticides in the sediments were less than 1 ng/g, with the exception of the backwater sediment collected from the mouth of the Blue River in the Kansas City metropolitan area, which contained up to 20 ng/g total chlordane, 8.1 ng/g p,p???-DDE, 1.5 ng/g lindane, 4.8 ng/g dieldrin, and 3 ng/g endrin. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos and permethrin ranged from less than 1 ng/g to 5.5 ng/g and 44 ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of PCBs ranged from less than 11 ng/g to 250 ng/g, with the Blue River and Sibley sediments containing 100 and 250 ng/g total PCBs, respectively. Concentrations of total PAHs at 17 of the 19 sites ranged from 250 to 700 ng/g, whereas the Riverfront and Blue River sites in Kansas City contained 1100 ng/g and nearly 4000 ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of the metals did not vary significantly among most sites; however, the Blue River site contained elevated concentrations of zinc (104 ??g/g), cadmium (0.7 ??g/g), and lead (34 ??g/g) compared to the other sites. The moderately high concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide in the sediments suggest a low potential for metal toxicity to benthic organisms along this reach of the Missouri River. The depositional area sediments contained concentrations of the targeted persistent organic chemicals and metals that were below published probable effect level concentrations. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-007-9123-0","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Echols, K.R., Brumbaugh, W.G., Orazio, C., May, T., Poulton, B., and Peterman, P., 2008, Distribution of pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, and bioavailable metals in depositional sediments of the lower Missouri River, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 55, no. 2, p. 161-172, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9123-0.","startPage":"161","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9123-0"},{"id":241056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02eee4b0c8380cd50278","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Echols, K. R.","contributorId":32637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orazio, C.E.","contributorId":68440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poulton, B.C.","contributorId":22930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterman, P.H.","contributorId":41659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035358,"text":"70035358 - 2008 - Do beavers promote the invasion of non-native Tamarix in the Grand Canyon riparian zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035358","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do beavers promote the invasion of non-native Tamarix in the Grand Canyon riparian zone","docAbstract":"Beavers (Castor canadensis Kuhl) can influence the competitive dynamics of plant species through selective foraging, collection of materials for dam creation, and alteration of hydrologic conditions. In the Grand Canyon National Park, the native Salix gooddingii C.R.Ball (Goodding's willow) and Salix exigua Nutt. (coyote willow) are a staple food of beavers. Because Salix competes with the invasive Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., land mangers are concerned that beavers may cause an increase in Tamarix through selective foraging of Salix. A spatial analysis was conducted to assess whether the presence of beavers correlates with the relative abundance of Salix and Tamarix. These methods were designed to detect a system-wide effect of selective beaver foraging in this large study area (367 linear km of riparian habitat). Beavers, Salix, and Tamarix co-occurred at the broadest scales because they occupied similar riparian habitat, particularly geomorphic reaches of low and moderate resistivity. Once the affinity of Salix for particular reach types was accounted for, the presence of Salix was independent of beaver distribution. However, there was a weak positive association between beaver presence and Salix cover. Salix was limited to geomorphic settings with greater sinuosity and distinct terraces, while Tamarix occurred in sinuous and straighter sections of river channel (cliffs, channel margins) where it dominated the woody species composition. After accounting for covariates representing river geomorphology, the proportion of riparian surfaces covered by Tamarix was significantly greater for sites where beavers were present. This indicates that either Tamarix and beavers co-occur in similar habitats, beavers prefer habitats that have high Tamarix cover, or beavers contribute to Tamarix dominance through selective use of its native woody competitors. The hypothesis that beaver herbivory contributes to Tamarix dominance should be considered further through more mechanistic studies of beaver foraging processes and long-term plant community response. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-142.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Mortenson, S., Weisberg, P., and Ralston, B., 2008, Do beavers promote the invasion of non-native Tamarix in the Grand Canyon riparian zone: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 3, p. 666-675, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-142.1.","startPage":"666","endPage":"675","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-142.1"},{"id":243365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a035de4b0c8380cd5044f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mortenson, S.G.","contributorId":75351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortenson","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weisberg, P.J.","contributorId":68555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralston, B.E.","contributorId":61662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032187,"text":"70032187 - 2008 - Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T15:42:09.004566","indexId":"70032187","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3129,"text":"Proceedings in Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change","docAbstract":"<p>Bathymetric change in tidal environments is modulated by watershed sediment yield, hydrodynamic processes, benthic composition, and anthropogenic activities. These multiple forcings combine to complicate simple prediction of bathymetric change; therefore, numerical models are necessary to simulate sediment transport. Errors arise from these simulations, due to inaccurate initial conditions and model parameters. We investigated the response of bathymetric change to initial conditions and model parameters with a simplified zero-dimensional cohesive sediment transport model, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic/sediment transport model, and a tidally averaged box model. The zero-dimensional model consists of a well-mixed control volume subjected to a semidiurnal tide, with a cohesive sediment bed. Typical cohesive sediment parameters were utilized for both the bed and suspended sediment. The model was run until equilibrium in terms of bathymetric change was reached, where equilibrium is defined as less than the rate of sea level rise in San Francisco Bay (2.17 mm/year). Using this state as the initial condition, model parameters were perturbed 10% to favor deposition, and the model was resumed. Perturbed parameters included, but were not limited to, maximum tidal current, erosion rate constant, and critical shear stress for erosion. Bathymetric change was most sensitive to maximum tidal current, with a 10% perturbation resulting in an additional 1.4 m of deposition over 10 years. Re-establishing equilibrium in this model required 14 years. The next most sensitive parameter was the critical shear stress for erosion; when increased 10%, an additional 0.56 m of sediment was deposited and 13 years were required to re-establish equilibrium. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic/sediment transport model was calibrated to suspended-sediment concentration, and despite robust solution of hydrodynamic conditions it was unable to accurately hindcast bathymetric change. The tidally averaged box model was calibrated to bathymetric change data and shows rapidly evolving bathymetry in the first 10-20 years, though sediment supply and hydrodynamic forcing did not vary greatly. This initial burst of bathymetric change is believed to be model adjustment to initial conditions, and suggests a spin-up time of greater than 10 years. These three diverse modeling approaches reinforce the sensitivity of cohesive sediment transport models to initial conditions and model parameters, and highlight the importance of appropriate calibration data. Adequate spin-up time of the order of years is required to initialize models, otherwise the solution will contain bathymetric change that is not due to environmental forcings, but rather improper specification of initial conditions and model parameters. Temporally intensive bathymetric change data can assist in determining initial conditions and parameters, provided they are available. Computational effort may be reduced by selectively updating hydrodynamics and bathymetry, thereby allowing time for spin-up periods. reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1568-2692(08)80033-2","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Ganju, N., Mineart, P.R., and Lionberger, M.A., 2008, Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change: Proceedings in Marine Science, v. 9, p. 463-475, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-2692(08)80033-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f46ae4b0c8380cd4bd00","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kusuda, T.","contributorId":196747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kusuda","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536665,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamanishi, H.","contributorId":196748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamanishi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711414,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spearman, J.","contributorId":196749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spearman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711415,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gailani, J. Z.","contributorId":196750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gailani","given":"J. Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mineart, P. R.","contributorId":11430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mineart","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lionberger, M. A.","contributorId":96494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lionberger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032844,"text":"70032844 - 2008 - Water-quality monitoring and process understanding in support of environmental policy and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032844","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water-quality monitoring and process understanding in support of environmental policy and management","docAbstract":"The quantity and quality of freshwater at any point on the landscape reflect the combined effects of many processes operating along hydrological pathways within a drainage basin/watershed/catchment. Primary drivers for the availability of water are landscape changes and patterns, and the processes affecting the timing, magnitude, and intensity of precipitation, including global climate change. The degradation of air, land, and water in one part of a drainage basin can have negative effects on users downstream; the time and space scales of the effects are determined by the residence time along the various hydrological pathways. Hydrology affects transport, deposition, and recycling of inorganic materials and sediment. These components affect biota and associated ecosystem processes, which rely on sustainable flows throughout a drainage basin. Human activities on all spatial scales affect both water quantity and quality, and some human activities can have a disproportionate effect on an entire drainage basin. Aquatic systems have been continuously modified by agriculture, through land-use change, irrigation and navigation, disposal of urban, mining, and industrial wastes, and engineering modifications to the environment. Interdisciplinary integrated basin studies within the last several decades have provided a more comprehensive understanding of the linkages among air, land, and water resources. This understanding, coupled with environmental monitoring, has evolved a more multidisciplinary integrated approach to resource management, particularly within drainage basins.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"River Basins - From Hydrological Science to Water Management","conferenceLocation":"Paris","language":"English","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502695","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., 2008, Water-quality monitoring and process understanding in support of environmental policy and management, <i>in</i> IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 323, Paris, p. 93-109.","startPage":"93","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"323","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce33e4b08c986b32e29e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033249,"text":"70033249 - 2008 - Fish passage in a western Iowa stream modified by grade control structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70033249","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish passage in a western Iowa stream modified by grade control structures","docAbstract":"Grade control structures (GCSs) are commonly used in streams of western Iowa to control bank erosion and channel headcutting but may be barriers to fish passage. From May 2002 to May 2006, we used mark-recapture methods to evaluate fish passage over a total of five GCSs, ranging in slope (run : rise) from 13:1 to 18:1 in Turkey Creek, Cass County, Iowa. Three structures, over which limited fish movement was documented from 2002 to 2004, were modified in the winter of 2004-2005 to facilitate fish passage. Before modification, the majority of recaptured fish were recaptured at the station where they were originally marked; only 1% displayed movement between sites and either upstream or downstream over a GCS. After modification fish passage improved, 14% of recaptured fish displayed movement either upstream or downstream over a GCS. Individuals of four target species - channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis, black bullhead A. melas, and creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus - passed over at least one modified structure. The majority of documented movements over GCSs were in the upstream direction and occurred in late spring and early summer, when streamflow was relatively high. Although we documented low numbers of fish passing both upstream and downstream over GCSs, these structures are probably barriers to fish movement during periods of low flow and when there is a structural failure, such as in-channel movement of riprap. Grade control structures are pervasive in western Iowa streams; nearly every low-order stream contains at least one instream structure. To sustain fish populations, management efforts should focus on constructing or modifying GCSs to allow fish passage. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M07-097.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Litvan, M., Pierce, C., Stewart, T., and Larson, C., 2008, Fish passage in a western Iowa stream modified by grade control structures: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1384-1397, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-097.1.","startPage":"1384","endPage":"1397","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476641,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/63","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213565,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-097.1"},{"id":241199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10a0e4b0c8380cd53d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litvan, M.E.","contributorId":67734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, T.W.","contributorId":78558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, C.J.","contributorId":35957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033250,"text":"70033250 - 2008 - Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70033250","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Recently discovered Lethe tephra has been proposed as a latest Pleistocene marker bed in Bristol Bay lowland NE to the Cook Inlet region, Alaska, on the basis of correlations involving a single \"Lethe average\" glass composition. Type deposits in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, however, are chemically heterogeneous-individual lapilli as well as aggregate ash deposits have glass compositions that range from the average mode to much higher SiO2 and K2O. Moreover, a lake-sediment core from the Cook Inlet region contains one ash deposit similar to \"Lethe average\" and other, closely underlying deposits that resemble a mixture of the average mode and high-Si high-K mode of proximal deposits. Synthesis of previously published radiocarbon ages indicates a major eruption mainly of \"Lethe average\" mode about 13,000 14C yr BP. As many as six deposits in the Cook Inlet region-five chiefly \"Lethe average\" mode-range from about 13,000 to 15-16,000 14C yr BP, and an early Holocene deposit in the Bristol Bay lowland extends the minimum age range of Lethe tephra throughout this region to 8000 14C yr BP. Because of the appearance of \"Lethe average\" composition in multiple deposits spanning thousands of years, we urge caution when using a Lethe-like composition as a basis for inferring a latest Pleistocene age of a tephra deposit in south-central Alaska. Linear variation plots suggest that magma mixing caused the Lethe heterogeneity; multiple magmas were involved as well in other large pyroclastic eruptions such as Katmai (Alaska) and Rotorua (New Zealand). Lethe is an example of a heterogeneous tephra that may be better compared with other tephras by use of plots of individual analytical points rather than by calculating similarity coefficients based on edited data. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Ager, T.A., Reger, R., Pinney, D., and Kaufman, D.S., 2008, Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska: Quaternary International, v. 178, no. 1, p. 210-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006.","startPage":"210","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006"},{"id":241233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98c6e4b08c986b31c130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reger, R.D.","contributorId":67735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reger","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pinney, D.S.","contributorId":25769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinney","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaufman, D. S.","contributorId":18006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032186,"text":"70032186 - 2008 - Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032186","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers","docAbstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal southern Rhode Island was estimated from measurements of the naturally-occurring radioisotopes 226Ra (t1/2 = 1600??y) and 228Ra (t1/2 = 5.75??y). Surface water and porewater samples were collected quarterly in Winnapaug, Quonochontaug, Ninigret, Green Hill, and Pt. Judith-Potter Ponds, as well as nearly monthly in the surface water of Rhode Island Sound, from January 2002 to August 2003; additional porewater samples were collected in August 2005. Surface water activities ranged from 12-83??dpm 100??L- 1 (60??dpm = 1??Bq) and 21-256??dpm 100??L- 1 for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively. Porewater 226Ra activities ranged from 16-736??dpm 100??L- 1 (2002-2003) and 95-815??dpm 100??L- 1 (2005), while porewater 228Ra activities ranged from 23-1265??dpm 100??L- 1. Combining these data with a simple box model provided average 226Ra-based submarine groundwater fluxes ranging from 11-159??L m- 2 d- 1 and average 228Ra-derived fluxes of 15-259??L m- 2 d- 1. Seasonal changes in Ra-derived SGD were apparent in all ponds as well as between ponds, with SGD values of 30-472??L m- 2 d- 1 (Winnapaug Pond), 6-20??L m- 2 d- 1 (Quonochontaug Pond), 36-273??L m- 2 d- 1 (Ninigret Pond), 29-76??L m- 2 d- 1 (Green Hill Pond), and 19-83??L m- 2 d- 1 (Pt. Judith-Potter Pond). These Ra-derived fluxes are up to two orders of magnitude higher than results predicted by a numerical model of groundwater flow, estimates of aquifer recharge for the study period, and values published in previous Ra-based SGD studies in Rhode Island. This disparity may result from differences in the type of flow (recirculated seawater versus fresh groundwater) determined using each technique, as well as variability in porewater Ra activity. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Hougham, A., Moran, S., Masterson, J., and Kelly, R., 2008, Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers: Marine Chemistry, v. 109, no. 3-4, p. 268-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001.","startPage":"268","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001"},{"id":242475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8885e4b08c986b3169f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hougham, A.L.","contributorId":61254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hougham","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, S.B.","contributorId":7928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":102516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, R.P.","contributorId":80502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033253,"text":"70033253 - 2008 - Transient simulations of nitrogen load for a coastal aquifer and embayment, Cape Cod, MA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033253","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient simulations of nitrogen load for a coastal aquifer and embayment, Cape Cod, MA","docAbstract":"A time-varying, multispecies, modular, three-dimensional transport model (MT3DMS) was developed to simulate groundwater transport of nitrogen from increasing sources on land to the shore of Nauset Marsh, a coastal embayment of the Cape Cod National Seashore. Simulated time-dependent nitrogen loads at the coast can be used to correlate with current observed coastal eutrophic effects, to predict current and ultimate effects of development, and to predict loads resulting from source remediation. A time-varying nitrogen load, corrected for subsurface loss, was applied to the land subsurface in the transport model based on five land-use coverages documenting increasing development from 1951 to 1999. Simulated nitrogen loads to Nauset Marsh increased from 230 kg/yr before 1930 to 4390 kg/yr in 2001 to 7130 kg/yr in 2100, assuming future nitrogen sources constant at the 1999 land-use rate. The simulated nitrogen load per area of embayment was 5 times greater for Salt Pond, a eutrophic landward extension of Nauset Marsh, than for other Nauset Marsh areas. Sensitivity analysis indicated that load results were little affected by changes in vertical discretization and annual recharge but much affected by the nitrogen loss rate assumed for a kettle lake downgradient from a landfill.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es070638b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Colman, J., and Masterson, J., 2008, Transient simulations of nitrogen load for a coastal aquifer and embayment, Cape Cod, MA: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 207-213, https://doi.org/10.1021/es070638b.","startPage":"207","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213133,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es070638b"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb703e4b08c986b326fea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, J.A.","contributorId":63032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":102516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033254,"text":"70033254 - 2008 - A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:17:43","indexId":"70033254","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California","docAbstract":"Stream temperature is an important component of salmonid habitat and is often above levels suitable for fish survival in the Lower Klamath River in northern California. The objective of this study was to provide boundary conditions for models that are assessing stream temperature on the main stem for the purpose of developing strategies to manage stream conditions using Total Maximum Daily Loads. For model input, hourly stream temperatures for 36 tributaries were estimated for 1 Jan. 2001 through 31 Oct. 2004. A basin-scale approach incorporating spatially distributed energy balance data was used to estimate the stream temperatures with measured air temperature and relative humidity data and simulated solar radiation, including topographic shading and corrections for cloudiness. Regression models were developed on the basis of available stream temperature data to predict temperatures for unmeasured periods of time and for unmeasured streams. The most significant factor in matching measured minimum and maximum stream temperatures was the seasonality of the estimate. Adding minimum and maximum air temperature to the regression model improved the estimate, and air temperature data over the region are available and easily distributed spatially. The addition of simulated solar radiation and vapor saturation deficit to the regression model significantly improved predictions of maximum stream temperature but was not required to predict minimum stream temperature. The average SE in estimated maximum daily stream temperature for the individual basins was 0.9 ?? 0.6??C at the 95% confidence interval. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0341","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., and Flint, A.L., 2008, A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0341.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0341"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e318e4b0c8380cd45e0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033261,"text":"70033261 - 2008 - Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas","docAbstract":"Sinkholes usually have a higher probability of occurrence and a greater genetic diversity in evaporite terrains than in carbonate karst areas. This is because evaporites have a higher solubility and, commonly, a lower mechanical strength. Subsidence damage resulting from evaporite dissolution generates substantial losses throughout the world, but the causes are only well understood in a few areas. To deal with these hazards, a phased approach is needed for sinkhole identification, investigation, prediction, and mitigation. Identification techniques include field surveys and geomorphological mapping combined with accounts from local people and historical sources. Detailed sinkhole maps can be constructed from sequential historical maps, recent topographical maps, and digital elevation models (DEMs) complemented with building-damage surveying, remote sensing, and high-resolution geodetic surveys. On a more detailed level, information from exposed paleosubsidence features (paleokarst), speleological explorations, geophysical investigations, trenching, dating techniques, and boreholes may help in investigating dissolution and subsidence features. Information on the hydrogeological pathways including caves, springs, and swallow holes are particularly important especially when corroborated by tracer tests. These diverse data sources make a valuable database-the karst inventory. From this dataset, sinkhole susceptibility zonations (relative probability) may be produced based on the spatial distribution of the features and good knowledge of the local geology. Sinkhole distribution can be investigated by spatial distribution analysis techniques including studies of preferential elongation, alignment, and nearest neighbor analysis. More objective susceptibility models may be obtained by analyzing the statistical relationships between the known sinkholes and the conditioning factors. Chronological information on sinkhole formation is required to estimate the probability of occurrence of sinkholes (number of sinkholes/km2 year). Such spatial and temporal predictions, frequently derived from limited records and based on the assumption that past sinkhole activity may be extrapolated to the future, are non-corroborated hypotheses. Validation methods allow us to assess the predictive capability of the susceptibility maps and to transform them into probability maps. Avoiding the most hazardous areas by preventive planning is the safest strategy for development in sinkhole-prone areas. Corrective measures could be applied to reduce the dissolution activity and subsidence processes. A more practical solution for safe development is to reduce the vulnerability of the structures by using subsidence-proof designs. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, F., Cooper, A., and Johnson, K., 2008, Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas, <i>in</i> Environmental Geology, v. 53, no. 5, p. 1007-1022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476743,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/6745/1/Gutierrez_Cooper_Johnson_Env__Geol_V53_1007-1022.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4"},{"id":240860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3844e4b0c8380cd614de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, F.","contributorId":79309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A.H.","contributorId":30046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035303,"text":"70035303 - 2008 - Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow spreading ridge: Constraints from <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole U1309D (30°N, MAR)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-06T09:08:53","indexId":"70035303","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow spreading ridge: Constraints from <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole U1309D (30°N, MAR)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon ages of 24 samples from oceanic crust recovered in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole U1309D and from the surface of Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) (30&deg;N) document a protracted history of accretion in the footwall to an oceanic detachment fault. Ages for 18 samples of evolved Fe-Ti oxide gabbro and felsic dikes collected 40&ndash;1415 m below seafloor in U1309D yield a weighted mean of 1.20 &plusmn; 0.03 Ma (mean square of weighted deviates = 7.1). However, the ages range from 1.08 &plusmn; 0.07 Ma and 1.28 &plusmn; 0.05 Ma indicating crustal construction occurred over a minimum of 100&ndash;200 ka. The zircon ages, along with petrologic observations, indicate at least 2 major periods of intrusive activity with age peaks separated by 70 ka. The oldest ages are observed below 600 mbsf, an observation inconsistent with models requiring constant depth melt intrusion beneath a detachment fault. The data are most consistent with a &ldquo;multiple sill&rdquo; model whereby sills intrude at random depths below the ridge axis over a length scale greater than 1.4 km. Zircon ages from broadly spaced samples collected along the southern ridge of Atlantis Massif yield a detachment fault slip rate of 28.7 &plusmn; 6.7 mm/a and imply significant asymmetric plate spreading (up to 100% on the North American plate) for at least 200 ka during core complex formation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002063","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Grimes, C.B., John, B., Cheadle, M.J., and Wooden, J., 2008, Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow spreading ridge: Constraints from <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole U1309D (30°N, MAR): Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 8, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002063.","productDescription":"24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476662,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002063"},{"id":243071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f9be4b0c8380cd7f873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, Barbara E.","contributorId":61833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheadle, Michael J.","contributorId":68945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheadle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035645,"text":"70035645 - 2008 - Age, distribution, and formation of late cenozoic paleovalleys of the lower Colorado River and their relation to river aggradation and degradation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035645","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Age, distribution, and formation of late cenozoic paleovalleys of the lower Colorado River and their relation to river aggradation and degradation","docAbstract":"Distinctive far-traveled fluvial sediment of the lower Colorado River fills 20 paleo-valleys now stranded by the river downstream of Grand Canyon as it crosses the Basin and Range Province. These sediments resulted from two or more aggradational epi sodes in Pliocene and Pleistocene times following initial incision during the early Pliocene. A review of the stratigraphic evidence of major swings in river elevation over the last 5 m.y. from alternating degradation and aggradation episodes establishes a framework for understanding the incision and filling of the paleovalleys. The paleo-valleys are found mostly along narrow bedrock canyon reaches of the river, where divides of bedrock or old deposits separate them from the modern river. The paleo-valleys are interpreted to have stemmed from periods of aggradation that filled and broadened the river valley, burying low uplands in the canyon reaches into which later channel positions were entrenched during subsequent degradation episodes. The aggradation-degradation cycles resulted in the stranding of incised river valleys that range in elevation from near the modern river to 350 m above it. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(18)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Lundstrom, S., Malmon, D., and Hook, S., 2008, Age, distribution, and formation of late cenozoic paleovalleys of the lower Colorado River and their relation to river aggradation and degradation, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 391-410, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(18).","startPage":"391","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216342,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(18)"},{"id":244206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f5e4b0c8380cd47fe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundstrom, S.C.","contributorId":53410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malmon, D.V.","contributorId":22960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmon","given":"D.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hook, S.J.","contributorId":21711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033355,"text":"70033355 - 2008 - Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033355","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout","docAbstract":"We examined changes in water chemistry and copper (Cu) toxicity in three paired renewal and flow-through acute bioassays with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Test exposure methodology influenced both exposure water chemistry and measured Cu toxicity. Ammonia and organic carbon concentrations were higher and the fraction of dissolved Cu lower in renewal tests than in paired flow-through tests. Cu toxicity was also lower in renewal tests; 96 h dissolved Cu LC50 values were 7-60% higher than LC50s from matching flow-through tests. LC50 values in both types of tests were related to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in exposure tanks. Increases in organic carbon concentrations in renewal tests were associated with reduced Cu toxicity, likely as a result of the lower bioavailability of Cu-organic carbon complexes. The biotic ligand model of acute Cu toxicity tended to underpredict toxicity in the presence of DOC. Model fits between predicted and observed toxicity were improved by assuming that only 50% of the measured DOC was reactive, and that this reactive fraction was present as fulvic acid. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003","issn":"01476513","usgsCitation":"Welsh, P., Lipton, J., Mebane, C., and Marr, J., 2008, Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 69, no. 2, p. 199-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003.","startPage":"199","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003"},{"id":241029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b37e4b0c8380cd62319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, P.G.","contributorId":86980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipton, J.","contributorId":15841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mebane, C.A.","contributorId":84134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marr, J.C.A.","contributorId":94108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marr","given":"J.C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033374,"text":"70033374 - 2008 - The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033374","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"We used growth and diet data from a fishery-independent survey of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, acoustic estimates of prey density and biomass, and statistical catch-at-age modeling to study the influence of the year-class strength of alewife Alosa pseudoharengus on the prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan during the years 1992-1996 and 2001-2005. Alewives age 2 or younger were a large part of age-1 Chinook salmon diets but were not selectively fed upon by age-1 Chinook salmon in most years. Feeding by age-1 Chinook salmon on alewives age 2 or younger became selective as the biomass of alewives in that young age bracket increased, and age-1 Chinook salmon also fed selectively on young bloaters Coregonus hoyi when bloater density was high. Selection of older alewives decreased at high densities of alewives age 2 or younger and, in some cases, high densities of bloater. The weight and condition of age-1 Chinook salmon were not related to age-1 Chinook salmon abundance or prey abundance, but the abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in year t was positively related to the density of age-0 alewives in year t - 1. Our results suggest that alewife year-class strength exerts a positive bottom-up influence on age-1 Chinook salmon abundance, prey switching behavior by young Chinook salmon contributing to the stability of the predator-prey relationship between Chinook salmon and alewives. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-130.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., Kiley, C., Claramunt, R., and Clapp, D., 2008, The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1683-1700, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-130.1.","startPage":"1683","endPage":"1700","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-130.1"},{"id":241106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad0ee4b08c986b32394a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, D.M.","contributorId":40412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiley, C.S.","contributorId":20985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiley","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claramunt, R.M.","contributorId":38760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clapp, D.F.","contributorId":90544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032846,"text":"70032846 - 2008 - Evaluation of the physical process controlling beach changes adjacent to nearshore dredge pits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032846","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the physical process controlling beach changes adjacent to nearshore dredge pits","docAbstract":"Numerical modeling of a beach nourishment project is conducted to enable a detailed evaluation of the processes associated with the effects of nearshore dredge pits on nourishment evolution and formation of erosion hot spots. A process-based numerical model, Delft3D, is used for this purpose. The analysis is based on the modification of existing bathymetry to simulate \"what if\" scenarios with/without the bathymetric features of interest. Borrow pits dredged about 30??years ago to provide sand for the nourishment project have a significant influence on project performance and formation of erosional hot spots. It was found that the main processes controlling beach response to these offshore bathymetric features were feedbacks between wave forces (roller force or alongshore component of the radiation stress), pressure gradients due to differentials in wave set-up/set-down and bed shear stress. Modeling results also indicated that backfilling of selected borrow sites showed a net positive effect within the beach fill limits and caused a reduction in the magnitude of hot spot erosion. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.06.008","issn":"03783","usgsCitation":"Benedet, L., and List, J.H., 2008, Evaluation of the physical process controlling beach changes adjacent to nearshore dredge pits: Coastal Engineering, v. 55, no. 12, p. 1224-1236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.06.008.","startPage":"1224","endPage":"1236","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.06.008"},{"id":241707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ceee4b0c8380cd52d5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedet, L.","contributorId":100624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedet","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032167,"text":"70032167 - 2008 - Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032167","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic addition of bioavailable nitrogen to the biosphere is increasing and terrestrial ecosystems are becoming increasingly nitrogen-saturated, causing more bioavailable nitrogen to enter groundwater and surface waters. Large-scale nitrogen budgets show that an average of about 20-25 per cent of the nitrogen added to the biosphere is exported from rivers to the ocean or inland basins, indicating that substantial sinks for nitrogen must exist in the landscape. Streams and rivers may themselves be important sinks for bioavailable nitrogen owing to their hydrological connections with terrestrial systems, high rates of biological activity, and streambed sediment environments that favour microbial denitrification. Here we present data from nitrogen stable isotope tracer experiments across 72 streams and 8 regions representing several biomes. We show that total biotic uptake and denitrification of nitrate increase with stream nitrate concentration, but that the efficiency of biotic uptake and denitrification declines as concentration increases, reducing the proportion of in-stream nitrate that is removed from transport. Our data suggest that the total uptake of nitrate is related to ecosystem photosynthesis and that denitrification is related to ecosystem respiration. In addition, we use a stream network model to demonstrate that excess nitrate in streams elicits a disproportionate increase in the fraction of nitrate that is exported to receiving waters and reduces the relative role of small versus large streams as nitrate sinks. ??2008 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature06686","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Mulholland, P.J., Helton, A.M., Poole, G.C., Hall, R.O., Hamilton, S.K., Peterson, B.J., Tank, J.L., Ashkenas, L., Cooper, L.W., Dahm, C., Dodds, W.K., Findlay, S., Gregory, S., Grimm, N.B., Johnson, S.L., McDowell, W.H., Meyer, J., Valett, H.M., Webster, J., Arango, C.P., Beaulieu, J.J., Bernot, M.J., Burgin, A.J., Crenshaw, C.L., Johnson, L., Niederlehner, B., O’Brien, J.M., Potter, J.D., Sheibley, R., Sobota, D.J., and Thomas, S.M., 2008, Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading: Nature, v. 452, no. 7184, p. 202-205, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06686.","startPage":"202","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476787,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2425","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06686"},{"id":242700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"452","issue":"7184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a6ae4b08c986b31c91e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helton, A. M.","contributorId":93289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, G. C.","contributorId":20175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poole","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, R. O. Jr.","contributorId":53101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, S. K.","contributorId":60866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, B. J.","contributorId":53749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tank, J. L.","contributorId":100214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tank","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ashkenas, L. R.","contributorId":14656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashkenas","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cooper, L. 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K.","contributorId":21297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Findlay, S.E.G.","contributorId":10531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findlay","given":"S.E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gregory, S.V.","contributorId":21130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Grimm, N. B.","contributorId":54164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Johnson, S. L.","contributorId":53826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Valett, H. M.","contributorId":10985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valett","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Webster, J.R.","contributorId":74475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Arango, C. P.","contributorId":107516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arango","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Beaulieu, J. J.","contributorId":96496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Bernot, M. J.","contributorId":18593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernot","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Burgin, A. J.","contributorId":90556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgin","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Crenshaw, C. L.","contributorId":90949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crenshaw","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Johnson, L. T.","contributorId":28819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"L. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Niederlehner, B.R.","contributorId":105929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niederlehner","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"O’Brien, J. M.","contributorId":63637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Potter, J. D.","contributorId":63638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Sheibley, R.W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":43066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"R.W.","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Sobota, D. J.","contributorId":15419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobota","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Thomas, S. M.","contributorId":87771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}}
,{"id":70033071,"text":"70033071 - 2008 - Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033071","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars","docAbstract":"Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration. Carbonate-bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapping reveals a regional rock layer with near-infrared spectral characteristics that are consistent with the presence of magnesium carbonate in the Nili Fossae region. The carbonate is closely associated with both phyllosilicate-bearing and olivine-rich rock units and probably formed during the Noachian or early Hesperian era from the alteration of olivine by either hydrothermal fluids or near-surface water. The presence of carbonate as well as accompanying clays suggests that waters were neutral to alkaline at the time of its formation and that acidic weathering, proposed to be characteristic of Hesperian Mars, did not destroy these carbonates and thus did not dominate all aqueous environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1164759","issn":"00368","usgsCitation":"Ehlmann, B., Mustard, J., Murchie, S., Poulet, F., Bishop, J., Brown, A., Calvin, W.M., Clark, R.N., Des Marais, D., Milliken, R., Roach, L., Roush, T.L., Swayze, G., and Wray, J., 2008, Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars: Science, v. 322, no. 5909, p. 1828-1832, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164759.","startPage":"1828","endPage":"1832","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476679,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121016-112524059","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213490,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1164759"},{"id":241117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"322","issue":"5909","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f2fe4b0c8380cd759a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ehlmann, B.L.","contributorId":107837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mustard, J.F.","contributorId":91605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murchie, S.L.","contributorId":7369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulet, F.","contributorId":61551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bishop, J.L.","contributorId":83244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, A.J.","contributorId":54803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Calvin, W. M.","contributorId":17379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Des Marais, D.J.","contributorId":84075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Des Marais","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Milliken, R.E.","contributorId":98022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Roach, L.H.","contributorId":80906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Roush, T. L.","contributorId":77661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Swayze, G.A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":21570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wray, J.J.","contributorId":26049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70032868,"text":"70032868 - 2008 - Micropaleontologic record of late Pliocene and Quaternary paleoenvironments in the northern Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T09:01:52","indexId":"70032868","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Micropaleontologic record of late Pliocene and Quaternary paleoenvironments in the northern Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Micropaleontological data provide a strong actualistic basis for detailed interpretations of Quaternary paleoenvironmental change. The 90&nbsp;m-thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of the USA provides an excellent opportunity to use such an approach in a region where the details of Quaternary environmental change are poorly known.</p><p>The foraminiferal record in nine cores from the northern Outer Banks, east of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, indicates the deposition of subhorizontal, mostly open-marine early to late Pleistocene units unconformably upon a basement of late Pliocene reduced-oxygen, fine-grained, shelf-basin deposits. Pollen data record several warm–cool fluctuations within the early to mid-Pleistocene deposits. Diatom data indicate that some fresh and brackish-water units occur within the generally open-marine Pleistocene succession.</p><p>A channel cut by the paleo-Roanoke River during the last glacial sea-level lowstand occurs in the northern part of the study area. Pollen indicates that the basal fluvial valley fill accumulated in cooler than modern climate conditions in the latest Pleistocene. Overlying silts and muds accumulated under cool climatic, estuarine conditions according to diatom and pollen data. Radiocarbon ages from the estuarine deposits indicate that the bulk of these sediments accumulated during the latest Pleistocene.</p><p>The estuarine channel-fill deposits are overlain by Holocene open-marine sands deposited as the rising sea transgressed into the estuary approximately 8.5 to 9.0&nbsp;kyr BP. Within the barrier island drill cores of this study, fully marine sedimentation occurred throughout the Holocene. However, immediately west of the present barrier island, mid- to late Holocene estuarine deposits underlie the modern Albemarle Sound. The islands that currently form a continuous barrier across the mouth of Albemarle Sound have a complex history of Holocene construction and destruction and large portions of them may be less than 3&nbsp;kyr old. The barrier island sands overlie open-marine sands of Colington Shoal in the north and to the south overlie fluvial and marine sand filling paleo-Roanoke tributary valleys.</p><p>The Pleistocene sediments underlying the northern Outer Banks study area are mainly of open inner to mid-shelf origin. If, as is likely, sea level continues to rise, a return to such environmental conditions is likely in the near future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.012","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Culver, S., Farrell, K., Mallinson, D.J., Horton, B.P., Willard, D., Thieler, E., Riggs, S., Snyder, S., Wehmiller, J., Bernhardt, C., and Hillier, C., 2008, Micropaleontologic record of late Pliocene and Quaternary paleoenvironments in the northern Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A.: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 264, no. 1-2, p. 54-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.012.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.99105834960938,\n              35.81224507919506\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5804443359375,\n              35.81224507919506\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5804443359375,\n              36.28634929429456\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.99105834960938,\n              36.28634929429456\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.99105834960938,\n              35.81224507919506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"264","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a568ee4b0c8380cd6d68a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culver, S.J.","contributorId":53970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrell, K.M.","contributorId":106573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mallinson, D. J.","contributorId":71745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, B. P.","contributorId":96816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willard, Debra  A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra  A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Riggs, S.R.","contributorId":29807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snyder, S.W.","contributorId":92875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wehmiller, J.F.","contributorId":37891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehmiller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hillier, C.","contributorId":11012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillier","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70033388,"text":"70033388 - 2008 - Distribution of tsunami interevent times","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033388","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of tsunami interevent times","docAbstract":"The distribution of tsunami interevent times is analyzed using global and site-specific (Hilo, Hawaii) tsunami catalogs. An empirical probability density distribution is determined by binning the observed interevent times during a period in which the observation rate is approximately constant. The empirical distributions for both catalogs exhibit non-Poissonian behavior in which there is an abundance of short interevent times compared to an exponential distribution. Two types of statistical distributions are used to model this clustering behavior: (1) long-term clustering described by a universal scaling law, and (2) Omori law decay of aftershocks and triggered sources. The empirical and theoretical distributions all imply an increased hazard rate after a tsunami, followed by a gradual decrease with time approaching a constant hazard rate. Examination of tsunami sources suggests that many of the short interevent times are caused by triggered earthquakes, though the triggered events are not necessarily on the same fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GL032690","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., and Parsons, T., 2008, Distribution of tsunami interevent times: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032690.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476807,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl032690","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213569,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032690"},{"id":241206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a030de4b0c8380cd5030d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033394,"text":"70033394 - 2008 - Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033394","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements","docAbstract":"The surface of Enceladus consists almost completely of water ice. As the band depths of water ice absorptions are sensitive to the size of particles, absorptions can be used to map variations of icy particles across the surface. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed Enceladus with a high spatial resolution during three Cassini flybys in 2005 (orbits EN 003, EN 004 and EN 011). Based on these data we measured the band depths of water ice absorptions at 1.04, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 ??m. These band depths were compared to water ice models that represent theoretically calculated reflectance spectra for a range of particle diameters between 2 ??m and 1 mm. The agreement between the experimental (VIMS) and model values supports the assumption that pure water ice characterizes the surface of Enceladus and therefore that variations in band depth correspond to variations in water ice particle diameters. Our measurements show that the particle diameter of water ice increases toward younger tectonically altered surface units with the largest particles exposed in relatively \"fresh\" surface material. The smallest particles were generally found in old densely cratered terrains. The largest particles (???0.2 mm) are concentrated in the so called \"tiger stripes\" at the south pole. In general, the particle diameters are strongly correlated with geologic features and surface ages, indicating a stratigraphic evolution of the surface that is caused by cryovolcanic resurfacing and impact gardening. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Hansen, G.B., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B.J., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Newman, S., Bellucci, G., Filacchione, G., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Griffith, C., Hibbitts, C.A., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sotin, C., and Wagner, R., 2008, Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements: Icarus, v. 193, no. 2, p. 407-419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013.","startPage":"407","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487781,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00499083","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013"},{"id":240763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02dae4b0c8380cd5021a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephan, K.","contributorId":8976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, G. B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newman, S.F.","contributorId":35551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Griffith, C.A.","contributorId":10141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wagner, R.","contributorId":88859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70032879,"text":"70032879 - 2008 - Regional population viability of grassland songbirds: Effects of agricultural management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032879","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional population viability of grassland songbirds: Effects of agricultural management","docAbstract":"Although population declines of grassland songbirds in North America and Europe are well-documented, the effect of local processes on regional population persistence is unclear. To assess population viability of grassland songbirds at a regional scale (???150,000 ha), we quantified Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis and Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus annual productivity, adult apparent survival, habitat selection, and density in the four most (regionally) common grassland treatments. We applied these data to a female-based, stochastic, pre-breeding population model to examine whether current grassland management practices can sustain viable populations of breeding songbirds. Additionally, we evaluated six conservation strategies to determine which would most effectively increase population trends. Given baseline conditions, over 10 years, simulations showed a slightly declining or stable Savannah Sparrow population (mean bootstrap ?? = 0.99; 95% CI = 1.00-0.989) and severely declining Bobolink population (mean bootstrap ?? = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.753-0.747). Savannah Sparrow populations were sensitive to increases in all demographic parameters, particularly adult survival. However for Bobolinks, increasing adult apparent survival, juvenile apparent survival, or preference by changing habitat selection cues for late-hayed fields (highest quality) only slightly decreased the rate of decline. For both species, increasing the amount of high-quality habitat (late- and middle-hayed) marginally slowed population declines; increasing the amount of low-quality habitat (early-hayed and grazed) marginally increased population declines. Both species were most sensitive to low productivity and survival on early-hayed fields, despite the fact that this habitat comprised only 18% of the landscape. Management plans for all agricultural regions should increase quality on both low- and high-quality fields by balancing habitat needs, nesting phenology, and species' response to management. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.011","issn":"00063","usgsCitation":"Perlut, N., Strong, A., Donovan, T., and Buckley, N.J., 2008, Regional population viability of grassland songbirds: Effects of agricultural management: Biological Conservation, v. 141, no. 12, p. 3139-3151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.011.","startPage":"3139","endPage":"3151","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214023,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.011"},{"id":241709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a546e4b0e8fec6cdbdca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perlut, N.G.","contributorId":12671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlut","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strong, A.M.","contributorId":39568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buckley, N. J.","contributorId":38757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buckley","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032164,"text":"70032164 - 2008 - Estimating fish body condition with quantile regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032164","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating fish body condition with quantile regression","docAbstract":"We used quantile regression to compare the body condition of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops before (1980-1988) and after (1989-2004) the establishment of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake McConaughy, Nebraska. Higher quantiles (percentiles = 100% x quantiles [0, 1]) of weight (W) at the same total length (TL) were indicative of better body condition in an allometric growth model that included separate slopes and intercepts for the before and after groups. All quantiles of walleye weights by TL increased in the years after alewife introduction, ranging from 1.01 to 1.12 times weights in the years before alewife introduction, with greatest increases for the lower (<0.50) quantiles and greater TLs. Quantiles up to 0.25 (the lowest 25th percentiles) of white bass weights were reduced in years after alewife introduction for TLs less than 300 mm, ranging from 0.78 to 0.98 times weights in the years before alewife introduction. However, quantiles greater than or equal to 0.50 (the upper 50th percentiles) of white bass weights increased for all TLs, ranging from 1.01 to 1.06 times the pre-1988 weights. A three-group analysis, which improved the model fit for longer white bass, indicated a reduction (0.80-1.0) in white bass body condition across all TLs in the first 2 years (1989-1990) after alewife introduction, whereas body condition actually improved (1.02-1.12) across all TLs in later years (1991-2004). Thus, after the establishment of alewives in 1988, walleye body condition improved for all fish at all lengths (the greatest improvement occurring among fish in poorer condition), whereas white bass body condition was initially reduced for all fish at all lengths for 2 years and improved in subsequent years. The approach that we developed for comparing fish body condition before and after a management action in Lake McConaughy could be applied to other weight-length data sets typically evaluated with relative weight indices. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M07-048.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Cade, B., Terrell, J., and Porath, M., 2008, Estimating fish body condition with quantile regression: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 2, p. 349-359, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-048.1.","startPage":"349","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-048.1"},{"id":242638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b1ae4b0c8380cd5258b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrell, J.W.","contributorId":15975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porath, M.T.","contributorId":47555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porath","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032161,"text":"70032161 - 2008 - Individual variation affects departure rate from the natal pond in an ephemeral pond-breeding anuran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032161","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual variation affects departure rate from the natal pond in an ephemeral pond-breeding anuran","docAbstract":"Frogs exhibit extreme plasticity and individual variation in growth and behavior during metamorphosis, driven by interactions of intrinsic state factors and extrinsic environmental factors. In northern red-legged frogs (Rana aurora Baird and Girard, 1852), we studied the timing of departure from the natal pond as it relates to date and size of individuals at metamorphosis in the context of environmental uncertainty. To affect body size at metamorphosis, we manipulated food availability during the larval stage for a sample (317) of 1045 uniquely marked individuals and released them at their natal ponds as newly metamorphosed frogs. We recaptured 34% of marked frogs in pitfall traps as they departed and related the timing of their initial terrestrial movements to individual properties using a time-to-event model. Median age at first capture was 4 and 9 days postmetamorphosis at two sites. The rate of departure was positively related to body size and to date of metamorphosis. Departure rate was strongly negatively related to time elapsed since rainfall, and this effect was diminished for smaller and later metamorphosing frogs. Individual variation in metamorphic traits thus affects individuals' responses to environmental variability, supporting a behavioral link with variation in survival associated with these same metamorphic traits. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z08-003","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Chelgren, N., Rosenberg, D., Heppell, S., and Gitelman, A., 2008, Individual variation affects departure rate from the natal pond in an ephemeral pond-breeding anuran: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 86, no. 4, p. 260-267, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z08-003.","startPage":"260","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z08-003"},{"id":242608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3aa0e4b0c8380cd61e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chelgren, N.D. 0000-0003-0944-9165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-9165","contributorId":13387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"N.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberg, D.K.","contributorId":31505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heppell, S.S.","contributorId":57657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heppell","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gitelman, A.I.","contributorId":61642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gitelman","given":"A.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033399,"text":"70033399 - 2008 - Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:26:13","indexId":"70033399","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge","docAbstract":"<p>This paper presents a new, non-invasive means of quantifying groundwater discharge into marine waters using an eddy correlation approach. The method takes advantage of the fact that, in virtually all aquatic environments, the dominant mode of vertical transport near the sediment–water interface is turbulent mixing. The technique thus relies on measuring simultaneously the fluctuating vertical velocity using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and the fluctuating salinity and/or temperature using rapid-response conductivity and/or temperature sensors. The measurements are typically done at a height of 5–15 cm above the sediment surface, at a frequency of 16 to 64 Hz, and for a period of 15 to 60 min. If the groundwater salinity and/or temperature differ from that of the water column, the groundwater specific discharge (cm d− 1) can be quantified from either a heat or salt balance. Groundwater discharge was estimated with this new approach in Salt Pond, a small estuary on Cape Cod (MA, USA). Estimates agreed well with previous estimates of discharge measured using seepage meters and 222Rn as a tracer. The eddy correlation technique has several desirable characteristics: 1) discharge is quantified under in-situ hydrodynamic conditions; 2) salinity and temperature can serve as two semi-independent tracers of discharge; 3) discharge can be quantified at high temporal resolution, and 4) long-term records of discharge may be possible, due to the low power requirements of the instrumentation. <br><br></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2007.12.004","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., Berg, P., Koopmans, D., and Erban, L., 2008, Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge: Marine Chemistry, v. 109, no. 1-2, p. 77-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.12.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachussetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","volume":"109","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05a6e4b0c8380cd50eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, P.","contributorId":79307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koopmans, D.J.","contributorId":95276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopmans","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erban, L.","contributorId":16658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erban","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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