{"pageNumber":"922","pageRowStart":"23025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70028470,"text":"70028470 - 2006 - A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028470","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities","docAbstract":"This article introduces the beta-binomial estimator (BBE), a closed-population abundance mark-resight model combining the favorable qualities of maximum likelihood theory and the allowance of individual heterogeneity in sighting probability (p). The model may be parameterized for a robust sampling design consisting of multiple primary sampling occasions where closure need not be met between primary occasions. We applied the model to brown bear data from three study areas in Alaska and compared its performance to the joint hypergeometric estimator (JHE) and Bowden's estimator (BOWE). BBE estimates suggest heterogeneity levels were non-negligible and discourage the use of JHE for these data. Compared to JHE and BOWE, confidence intervals were considerably shorter for the AICc model-averaged BBE. To evaluate the properties of BBE relative to JHE and BOWE when sample sizes are small, simulations were performed with data from three primary occasions generated under both individual heterogeneity and temporal variation in p. All models remained consistent regardless of levels of variation in p. In terms of precision, the AICc model-averaged BBE showed advantages over JHE and BOWE when heterogeneity was present and mean sighting probabilities were similar between primary occasions. Based on the conditions examined, BBE is a reliable alternative to JHE or BOWE and provides a framework for further advances in mark-resight abundance estimation. ?? 2006 American Statistical Association and the International Biometric Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1198/108571106X129171","issn":"10857117","usgsCitation":"McClintock, B., White, G.C., and Burnham, K., 2006, A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 3, p. 231-248, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571106X129171.","startPage":"231","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1198/108571106X129171"},{"id":237039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e564e4b0c8380cd46d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClintock, B.T.","contributorId":29108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClintock","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028688,"text":"70028688 - 2006 - Automatic alignment of vector data and orthoimagery for the national map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028688","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Automatic alignment of vector data and orthoimagery for the national map","docAbstract":"A general problem in combining road vector data with orthoimagery from different sources is that they rarely align. There are a variety of causes to this problem, but the most common one is that the latest products are collected with higher accuracy and improved processing techniques. In previous work, we developed techniques to automatically correct the alignment of vector data with orthoimagery using a technique called conflation. However, in applying our technique to real-world datasets provided by USGS, we discovered that these techniques failed in some areas. In this paper, we describe some refinements to our original approach that provide consistently better results in aligning the vector data with the orthoimagery.","largerWorkTitle":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series","conferenceTitle":"7th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, Dg.o 2006","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1145/1146598.1146680","usgsCitation":"Knoblock, C., Shahabi, C., Chen, C., and Usery, E., 2006, Automatic alignment of vector data and orthoimagery for the national map, <i>in</i> ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, v. 151, San Diego, CA, 21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006, p. 303-304, https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146680.","startPage":"303","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146680"}],"volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef8e4b0c8380cd4a094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knoblock, C.A.","contributorId":105107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoblock","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shahabi, C.","contributorId":51521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shahabi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, C.-C.","contributorId":22559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028585,"text":"70028585 - 2006 - Isotope sourcing of prehistoric willow and tule textiles recovered from western Great Basin rock shelters and caves - proof of concept","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:02:32","indexId":"70028585","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope sourcing of prehistoric willow and tule textiles recovered from western Great Basin rock shelters and caves - proof of concept","docAbstract":"Isotope and trace-metal analyses were used to determine the origin of plants used to manufacture prehistoric textiles (basketry and matting) from archaeological sites in the western Great Basin. Research focused on strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (18O/16O) isotope ratios of willow (Salix sp.) and tule (Schoenoplectus sp.), the dominant raw materials in Great Basin textiles. The oxygen-isotope data indicated that the willow and tule used to produce the textiles were harvested from the banks of rivers or in marshes characterized by flowing water and not from lakes or sinks. The strontium-isotope data were useful in showing which plants came from the Humboldt River and which came from rivers headed in the Sierra Nevada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2006.02.012","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Hattori, E., Taylor, H.E., Poulson, S., and Jolie, E., 2006, Isotope sourcing of prehistoric willow and tule textiles recovered from western Great Basin rock shelters and caves - proof of concept: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 33, no. 11, p. 1588-1599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.02.012.","startPage":"1588","endPage":"1599","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.02.012"}],"volume":"33","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f8be4b0c8380cd645ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hattori, E.M.","contributorId":48371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattori","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulson, S.R.","contributorId":98859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jolie, E.A.","contributorId":65649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolie","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028879,"text":"70028879 - 2006 - Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028879","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","docAbstract":"The abundance of horseshoe crab eggs in the swash zone and remaining on the beach after tide levels fall was evaluated to identify how numbers of eggs available to shorebirds differ with fluctuations in spawning numbers of horseshoe crabs, wave energies and beach elevation changes. Field data were gathered 1-6 June 2004 at Slaughter Beach on the west side of Delaware Bay, USA. Counts of spawning crabs and process data from a pressure transducer and an anemometer and wind vane were related to number of eggs, embryos and larvae taken at depth and on the surface of the foreshore and in the active swash zone using a streamer trap. Beach elevation changes and depths of sediment activation were used to determine the potential for buried eggs to be exhumed by waves and swash. Mean significant wave heights during high water levels ranged from 0.08 to 0.40 m. Spawning counts were low (50-140 females km-1) when wave heights were low; no spawning occurred when wave heights were high. Vegetative litter (wrack) on the beach provides local traps for eggs, making more eggs available for shorebirds. Accumulation of litter on days when wave energy is low increases the probability that eggs will remain on the surface. High wave energies transport more eggs in the swash, but these eggs are dispersed or buried, and fewer eggs remain on the beach. Peaks in the number of eggs in the swash uprush occur during tidal rise and around time of high tide. The number of eggs in transport decreases during falling tide. Many more eggs move in the active swash zone than are found on the beach after water level falls, increasing the efficiency of bird foraging in the swash. Greater numbers of eggs in the swash during rising tide than falling tide and fewer eggs at lower elevations on the beach, imply that foraging becomes less productive as the tide falls and may help account for the tendency of shorebirds to feed on rising tides rather than on falling or low tides on days when no spawning occurs. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, K., Jackson, N., Smith, D., and Weber, R., 2006, Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 70, no. 3, p. 438-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027.","startPage":"438","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027"},{"id":236308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb751e4b08c986b3271bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, R.G.","contributorId":38686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028610,"text":"70028610 - 2006 - Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028610","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada","docAbstract":"The Yucca Mountain Performance Confirmation program consists of tests, monitoring activities, experiments, and analyses to evaluate the adequacy of assumptions, data, and analyses that form the basis of the conceptual and numerical models of flow and transport associated with a proposed radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The Performance Confirmation program uses an eight-stage risk-informed, performance-based approach. Selection of the Performance Confirmation activities for inclusion in the Performance Confirmation program was done using a risk-informed performance-based decision analysis. The result of this analysis was a Performance Confirmation base portfolio that consists of 20 activities. The 20 Performance Confirmation activities include geologic, hydrologie, and construction/engineering testing. Some of the activities began during site characterization, and others will begin during construction, or post emplacement, and continue until repository closure.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"LeCain, G., Barr, D., Weaver, D., Snell, R., Goodin, S., and Hansen, F., 2006, Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 1058-1065.","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1065","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ce4b0c8380cd4f773","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeCain, G.D.","contributorId":22810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, D.","contributorId":100177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, D.","contributorId":71750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snell, R.","contributorId":106690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goodin, S.W.","contributorId":100597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodin","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, F.D.","contributorId":6241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030531,"text":"70030531 - 2006 - A spatial modeling approach to identify potential butternut restoration sites in Mammoth Cave National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030531","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial modeling approach to identify potential butternut restoration sites in Mammoth Cave National Park","docAbstract":"Incorporation of disease resistance is nearly complete for several important North American hardwood species threatened by exotic fungal diseases. The next important step toward species restoration would be to develop reliable tools to delineate ideal restoration sites on a landscape scale. We integrated spatial modeling and remote sensing techniques to delineate potential restoration sites for Butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) trees, a hardwood species being decimated by an exotic fungus, in Mammoth Cave National Park (MCNP), Kentucky. We first developed a multivariate habitat model to determine optimum Butternut habitats within MCNP. Habitat characteristics of 54 known Butternut locations were used in combination with eight topographic and land use data layers to calculate an index of habitat suitability based on Mahalanobis distance (D2). We used a bootstrapping technique to test the reliability of model predictions. Based on a threshold value for the D2 statistic, 75.9% of the Butternut locations were correctly classified, indicating that the habitat model performed well. Because Butternut seedlings require extensive amounts of sunlight to become established, we used canopy cover data to refine our delineation of favorable areas for Butternut restoration. Areas with the most favorable conditions to establish Butternut seedlings were limited to 291.6 ha. Our study provides a useful reference on the amount and location of favorable Butternut habitat in MCNP and can be used to identify priority areas for future Butternut restoration. Given the availability of relevant habitat layers and accurate location records, our approach can be applied to other tree species and areas. ?? 2006 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00131.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Thompson, L., Van Manen, F., Schlarbaum, S., and DePoy, M., 2006, A spatial modeling approach to identify potential butternut restoration sites in Mammoth Cave National Park: Restoration Ecology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 289-296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00131.x.","startPage":"289","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211958,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00131.x"},{"id":239348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a2e4b0c8380cd46ead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, L.M.","contributorId":91684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Manen, F.T.","contributorId":45241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Manen","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlarbaum, S.E.","contributorId":18943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlarbaum","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DePoy, M.","contributorId":106706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePoy","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030256,"text":"70030256 - 2006 - Fault parameter constraints using relocated earthquakes: A validation of first-motion focal-mechanism data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T15:25:25","indexId":"70030256","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault parameter constraints using relocated earthquakes: A validation of first-motion focal-mechanism data","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">We estimate the strike and dip of three California fault segments (Calaveras, Sargent, and a portion of the San Andreas near San Jaun Bautistia) based on principle component analysis of accurately located microearthquakes. We compare these fault orientations with two different first-motion focal mechanism catalogs: the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (</span><span class=\"s2\">NCEDC</span><span class=\"s1\">) catalog, calculated using the </span><span class=\"s2\">FPFIT</span><span class=\"s1\"> algorithm (Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, 1985), and a catalog created using the </span><span class=\"s2\">HASH</span><span class=\"s1\"> algorithm that tests mechanism stability relative to seismic velocity model variations and earthquake location (Hardebeck and Shearer, 2002). We assume any disagreement (misfit &gt;30&deg; in strike, dip, or rake) indicates inaccurate focal mechanisms in the catalogs. With this assumption, we can quantify the parameters that identify the most optimally constrained focal mechanisms. For the </span><span class=\"s2\">NCEDC/FPFIT</span><span class=\"s1\"> catalogs, we find that the best quantitative discriminator of quality focal mechanisms is the station distribution ratio (</span><span class=\"s2\">STDR</span><span class=\"s1\">) parameter, an indicator of how the stations are distributed about the focal sphere. Requiring </span><span class=\"s2\">STDR</span><span class=\"s1\"> &gt; 0.65 increases the acceptable mechanisms from 34%&ndash;37% to 63%&ndash;68%. This suggests stations should be uniformly distributed surrounding, rather than aligning, known fault traces. For the </span><span class=\"s2\">HASH</span><span class=\"s1\"> catalogs, the fault plane uncertainty (</span><span class=\"s2\">FPU</span><span class=\"s1\">) parameter is the best discriminator, increasing the percent of acceptable mechanisms from 63%&ndash;78% to 81%&ndash;83% when </span><span class=\"s2\">FPU</span><span class=\"s1\"> &le; 35&deg;. The overall higher percentage of acceptable mechanisms and the usefulness of the formal uncertainty in identifying quality mechanisms validate the </span><span class=\"s2\">HASH</span><span class=\"s1\"> approach of testing for mechanism stability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040239","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Kilb, D., and Hardebeck, J., 2006, Fault parameter constraints using relocated earthquakes: A validation of first-motion focal-mechanism data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 3, p. 1140-1158, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040239.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1140","endPage":"1158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1ae4b0c8380cd5377e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilb, Debi","contributorId":90892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilb","given":"Debi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030252,"text":"70030252 - 2006 - Monitoring bird populations in small geographic areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030252","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2919,"text":"Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring bird populations in small geographic areas","docAbstract":"Numerous methods exist for monitoring bird populations, and there is a large literature describing them. There are few resources, however, that provide comprehensive advice on every step of organizing and carrying out a survey, from the early stages of planning to final use of the data. Even fewer resources are designed to meet the needs of a wide variety of potential users, from amateurs interested in change of bird life in a local study preserve to professionals testing hypotheses on the response of birds to habitat management, although much of the advice should be the same for every monitoring program. Whether survey objectives are very modest or rigorously scientific, samples must be sufficiently numerous and well distributed to provide meaningful results, and the survey should be well designed to ensure that the money and effort going into it are not wasted. This document is intended to be a complete resource for anyone planning to organize monitoring of noncolonial landbirds within a relatively small geographic area (e.g., from the size of a woodlot to a large park). The first of its two parts provides background explaining the importance of good study design and gives specific advice on all aspects of project planning and execution of high-quality data collection for the purpose of hypothesis testing. The second part is self-contained and nontechnical and describes complete plans for a site-specific checklist survey, suitable for addressing monitoring questions frequently asked by amateurs and for involvement of volunteers in data collection. Throughout are references to additional resources, from background literature to sources of existing survey protocols, analysis software, and tools for archiving data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05766370","usgsCitation":"Dunn, E.H., Bart, J., Collins, B., Craig, B., Dale, B., Downes, C., Francis, C., Woodley, S., and Zorn, P., 2006, Monitoring bird populations in small geographic areas: Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service, no. SPEC. ISS., p. 1-59.","startPage":"1","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d91e4b0c8380cd70473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, Erica H.","contributorId":35841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, B.T.","contributorId":97315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craig, B.","contributorId":15827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dale, B.","contributorId":60570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Downes, C.M.","contributorId":46762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downes","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Francis, C.M.","contributorId":29092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Woodley, S.","contributorId":36361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zorn, P.","contributorId":61645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zorn","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70030912,"text":"70030912 - 2006 - Global analyses of brachiopod faunas through the Ordovician and Silurian transition: Reducing the role of the Lazarus effect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030912","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global analyses of brachiopod faunas through the Ordovician and Silurian transition: Reducing the role of the Lazarus effect","docAbstract":"Global analyses of 88 families and 284 genera of brachiopods from middle Ashgill, Late Ordovician, to early-middle Rhuddanian, Early Silurian, indicate that 18.6% and 12.5% of families and 51.0% and 41.3% of genera were eliminated in the first and second phases of the end-Ordovician mass extinction, respectively, with the total loss of 28.4% of families and 69.0% of genera in the crisis. New investigation demonstrates that brachiopods, at both generic and familial levels, suffered greater during the first phase than during the second phase. Four groups (victims, relicts, survivors, and new arrivals) are distinguished by their stratigraphical ranges. Generic survivors, occurring in the Kosov Province during the Hirnantian, can be split into three types with respect to their changing abundance: increasing, declining, and Lazarus taxa. Among the 88 genera that survived, numerous declining genera occurred in the Hirnantian: 16 Lazarus families and 18 Lazarus genera are provisionally known and may be regarded as end members of the declining type. Comparison of the abundance, population size, and distribution patterns of declining and Lazarus taxa shows important similarities between these two types which contribute to a better understanding of the nature of Lazarus taxa. In addition to these biological attributes, taphonomic failure and generally poor preservation, together with collecting bias and inadequate systematic data, are clearly involved. More collections will undoubtedly globally reduce the number of Lazarus taxa. A single, common refugium for end-Ordovician brachiopods probably did not exist; rather, these taxa used paleogeographically scattered locations in a range of environments for survival. ?? 2006 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/e05-089","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Rong, J., Boucot, A., Harper, D., Zhan, R., and Neuman, R.B., 2006, Global analyses of brachiopod faunas through the Ordovician and Silurian transition: Reducing the role of the Lazarus effect: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 43, no. 1, p. 23-39, https://doi.org/10.1139/e05-089.","startPage":"23","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211587,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-089"},{"id":238899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2939e4b0c8380cd5a77c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rong, J.-Y.","contributorId":106702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rong","given":"J.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boucot, A. J.","contributorId":30620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucot","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, D.A.T.","contributorId":103867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhan, R.-B.","contributorId":28803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"R.-B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neuman, R. B.","contributorId":83579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028809,"text":"70028809 - 2006 - Sensor web enables rapid response to volcanic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:29:02","indexId":"70028809","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensor web enables rapid response to volcanic activity","docAbstract":"<p>Rapid response to the onset of volcanic activity allows for the early assessment of hazard and risk [<i>Tilling</i>, 1989]. Data from remote volcanoes and volcanoes in countries with poor communication infrastructure can only be obtained via remote sensing [<i>Harris et al.</i>, 2000]. By linking notifications of activity from ground-based and spacebased systems, these volcanoes can be monitored when they erupt.</p><p>Over the last 18 months, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has implemented a Volcano Sensor Web (VSW) in which data from ground-based and space-based sensors that detect current volcanic activity are used to automatically trigger the NASA Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) spacecraft to make highspatial-resolution observations of these volcanoes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006EO010002","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Davies, A., Chien, S., Wright, R., Mikijus, A., Kyle, P.R., Welsh, M., Johnson, J.B., Tran, D., Schaffer, S.R., and Sherwood, R., 2006, Sensor web enables rapid response to volcanic activity: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 87, no. 1, p. 2-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006EO010002.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006eo010002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d3be4b08c986b3182ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chien, Steve","contributorId":174412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chien","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Robert","contributorId":174413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kyle, Philip R.","contributorId":174414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kyle","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Welsh, Matt","contributorId":174415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welsh","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":174416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tran, Daniel","contributorId":174417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tran","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schaffer, Steven R.","contributorId":174418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaffer","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sherwood, Robert","contributorId":174419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70030273,"text":"70030273 - 2006 - State summaries: Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030273","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State summaries: Illinois","docAbstract":"According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Illinois ranked third in the amount of crushed stone produced from underground mining operations. In 2004, Illinois produced more than 76.5 Mt of crushed stone and 38.7 Mt of sand-and-gravel. Preliminary data for 2005 showed an increase in the production of crushed stone and a slight decrease in the production of sand-and-gravel. The state remained 16th in total value of nonfuel mineral production. In decreasing order of value, the minerals produced included crushed stone, cement, construction sand and gravel, lime, clay, peat, tripoli, industrial sand, crushed sandstone and gemstone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Lasemi, Z., and Mikulic, D.G., 2006, State summaries: Illinois: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 5, p. 86-90.","startPage":"86","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96d5e4b08c986b31b731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasemi, Z.","contributorId":17795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasemi","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mikulic, Donald G.","contributorId":61159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikulic","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030250,"text":"70030250 - 2006 - Carbon dioxide emissions from vegetation-kill zones around the resurgent dome of Long Valley caldera, eastern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:27:06","indexId":"70030250","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide emissions from vegetation-kill zones around the resurgent dome of Long Valley caldera, eastern California, USA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\"><p id=\"\">A survey of diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> efflux, soil temperature and soil-gas chemistry over areas of localized vegetation-kill on and around the resurgent dome of Long Valley caldera California was performed to evaluate the premise that gaseous and thermal anomalies are related to renewed intrusion of magma. Some kill sites are long-lived features and others have developed in the past few years. Total anomalous CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the thirteen areas average around 8.7 t per day; but the majority of the emissions come from four sites west of the Casa Diablo geothermal power plant. Geochemical analyses of the soil-gases from locations west and east of the plant revealed the presence of isobutane related to plant operations. The <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C values of diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> range from −&nbsp;5.7‰ to −&nbsp;3.4‰, similar to values previously reported for CO<sub>2</sub> from hot springs and thermal wells around Long Valley.</p><p id=\"\">At many of the vegetation-kill sites soil temperatures reach boiling at depths ≤&nbsp;20 cm. Soil temperature/depth profiles at two of the high-emissions areas indicate that the conductive thermal gradient in the center of the areas is around 320 °C m<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>. We estimate total heat loss from the two areas to be about 6.1 and 2.3 MW. Given current thinking on the rate of hydrothermal fluid flow across the caldera and using the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the thermal fluids, the heat and CO<sub>2</sub> loss from the kill areas is easily provided by the shallow hydrothermal system, which is sourced to the west of the resurgent dome. We find no evidence that the development of new areas of vegetation kill across the resurgent dome are related to new input of magma or magmatic fluids from beneath the resurgent dome. Our findings indicate that the areas have developed as a response to changes in the shallow hydrologic system. Some of the changes are likely related to fluid production at the power plant, but at distal sites the changes are more likely related to seismicity and uplift of the dome.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.003","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., Howle, J.F., and Farrar, C.D., 2006, Carbon dioxide emissions from vegetation-kill zones around the resurgent dome of Long Valley caldera, eastern California, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 152, no. 1-2, p. 140-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.003.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"156","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.0421142578125,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0421142578125,\n              38.74551518488265\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.4600830078125,\n              38.74551518488265\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.4600830078125,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0421142578125,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"152","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f35fe4b0c8380cd4b767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, Deborah 0000-0003-4570-7627 dbergfel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-7627","contributorId":152531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"Deborah","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":426307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171132,"text":"70171132 - 2006 - An examination of environmental factors associated with Myxobolus cerebralis infection of wild trout in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T14:33:44","indexId":"70171132","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An examination of environmental factors associated with Myxobolus cerebralis infection of wild trout in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p><span>Salmonid whirling disease, caused by the myxosporean parasite&nbsp;</span><i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i><span>, was first observed in the United States in 1956 in central Pennsylvania. The parasite was subsequently discovered at several culture facilities throughout the state, and widespread distribution of this parasite via the stocking of subclinically infected brook trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>, rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>, and brown trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo trutta</i><span>&nbsp;has been assumed. Although no monitoring of wild populations occurred until the late 1970s, it is a common belief that epizootics of whirling disease, now realized in the Intermountain West, are unlikely to have occurred in Pennsylvania. We conducted a review of historical information and a synoptic survey aimed at identifying factors that may prevent whirling disease outbreak in this region, reasoning that such information might be useful in identifying management strategies for populations affected by this parasite. Here we present data on parasite prevalence, fish populations, stream attributes, and the genetics of&nbsp;</span><i>Tubifex tubifex</i><span>&nbsp;(the obligate oligochaete host for the parasite) to evaluate various hypotheses proposed for low whirling disease impact in the region. We did not find clear associations between factors such as stream gradient, the genetics of&nbsp;</span><i>T. tubifex</i><span>populations, or the composition of resident trout populations and the pattern of&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;occurrence in Pennsylvania. We suggest that this pattern may be best explained by the association between&nbsp;</span><i>T. tubifex</i><span>&nbsp;host populations and point sources of organic enrichment. The potential restriction of&nbsp;</span><i>T. tubifex</i><span>&nbsp;populations to locations near sources of organic enrichment may be a factor in explaining why whirling disease has not been observed to cause population declines among wild trout in this region and should be further investigated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/H05-017.1","usgsCitation":"Kaeser, A.J., Rasmussen, C., and Sharpe, W.E., 2006, An examination of environmental factors associated with Myxobolus cerebralis infection of wild trout in Pennsylvania: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 18, no. 2, p. 90-100, https://doi.org/10.1577/H05-017.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d643ce4b07e28b66834b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaeser, Adam J.","contributorId":169552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaeser","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Charlotte crasmussen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Charlotte","email":"crasmussen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharpe, William E.","contributorId":169553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharpe","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175722,"text":"70175722 - 2006 - Evaluating light-based geolocation for estimating demersal fish movements in high latitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:38:35","indexId":"70175722","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating light-based geolocation for estimating demersal fish movements in high latitudes","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\">We evaluated&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">light</span>-<span class=\"searchword\">based</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">geolocation</span>&nbsp;estimates from pop-up satellite tags in high&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">latitudes&nbsp;</span>because some of the largest fisheries in the world are in areas where this technique has not been assessed. Daily longitude and latitude were estimated by using two Wildlife Computers software programs: 1) Argos Message Processor (AMP), which summarizes&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">light</span>&nbsp;intensity data transmitted to satellites, and 2) Time Series Processor (TSP), which uses more detailed data obtained from retrieved tags. Three experiments were conducted in the&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">northern</span>&nbsp;Gulf of Alaska using tags placed on 1) Pacific halibut in outdoor aquaria, 2) a fixed mooring line at various depths and 3) wild Pacific halibut. TSP performed better than AMP because the percentage of days with&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">geolocation</span>&nbsp;estimates was greater and the mean error magnitude and bias were smaller for TSP and increased with depth for both programs; however, latitude errors were much greater than longitude errors at all depths.&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Light</span>-<span class=\"searchword\">based</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">geolocation</span>&nbsp;enabled us to discern basin-scale movements and showed that the Pacific halibut in our study remained within the Gulf of Alaska. We conclude that this technique provides a feasible method for inferring large-scale population structure for demersal fishes in high latitudes.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service","issn":"0090-0656","usgsCitation":"Seitz, A.C., Norcross, B.L., Wilson, D., and Nielsen, J.L., 2006, Evaluating light-based geolocation for estimating demersal fish movements in high latitudes: Fishery Bulletin, v. 104, no. 4, p. 571-578.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"578","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336100,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fishbull.noaa.gov/1044/1044toc.htm","text":"Fishery Bulletin: Volume 104, Issue 4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc5ae4b03fd6b7d94c3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seitz, Andrew C.","contributorId":156324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seitz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norcross, Brenda L.","contributorId":21497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norcross","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Derek","contributorId":178950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Derek","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031139,"text":"70031139 - 2006 - The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T13:28:52","indexId":"70031139","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Exposure to dioxin-like chemicals that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) can result in increased cellular and tissue production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Little is known of these effects during early fish development. We used the fish model,&nbsp;</span><i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i><span>, to determine if the AHR ligand and pro-oxidant 3,3&prime;,4,4&prime;,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) can increase ROS production during killifish development, and to test a novel method for measuring ROS non-invasively in a living organism. The superoxide-sensitive fluorescent dye, dihydroethidium (DHE), was used to detect in ovo ROS production microscopically in developing killifish exposed to PCB126 or vehicle. Both in ovo CYP1A activity (ethoxyresorufin-</span><i>o</i><span>-deethylase, EROD) and in ovo ROS were induced by PCB126. In ovo CYP1A activity was inducible by PCB126 concentrations as low as 0.003&nbsp;nM, with maximal induction occurring at 0.3&nbsp;nM PCB126. These PCB126 concentrations also significantly increased in ovo ROS production in embryonic liver, ROS being detectable as early as 5 days post-fertilization. These data demonstrate that the pro-oxidant and CYP1A inducer, PCB126, increases both CYP1A activity and ROS production in developing killifish embryos. The superoxide detection assay (SoDA) described in this paper provides a semi-quantitative, easily measured, early indicator of altered ROS production that can be used in conjunction with simultaneous in ovo measurements of CYP1A activity and embryo development to explore functional relationships among biochemical, physiological and developmental responses to AHR ligands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Arzuaga, X., Wassenberg, D., Giulio, R.D., and Elskus, A., 2006, The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 76, no. 1, p. 13-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa32e4b08c986b322762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arzuaga, Xabier","contributorId":107923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arzuaga","given":"Xabier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenberg, Deena","contributorId":107924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassenberg","given":"Deena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giulio, Richard D.","contributorId":42029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giulio","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030798,"text":"70030798 - 2006 - Relationships between avian richness and landscape structure at multiple scales using multiple landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030798","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between avian richness and landscape structure at multiple scales using multiple landscapes","docAbstract":"Little is known about factors that structure biodiversity on landscape scales, yet current land management protocols, such as forest certification programs, place an increasing emphasis on managing for sustainable biodiversity at landscape scales. We used a replicated landscape study to evaluate relationships between forest structure and avian diversity at both stand and landscape-levels. We used data on bird communities collected under comparable sampling protocols on four managed forests located across the Southeastern US to develop logistic regression models describing relationships between habitat factors and the distribution of overall richness and richness of selected guilds. Landscape models generated for eight of nine guilds showed a strong relationship between richness and both availability and configuration of landscape features. Diversity of topographic features and heterogeneity of forest structure were primary determinants of avian species richness. Forest heterogeneity, in both age and forest type, were strongly and positively associated with overall avian richness and richness for most guilds. Road density was associated positively but weakly with avian richness. Landscape variables dominated all models generated, but no consistent patterns in metrics or scale were evident. Model fit was strong for neotropical migrants and relatively weak for short-distance migrants and resident species. Our models provide a tool that will allow managers to evaluate and demonstrate quantitatively how management practices affect avian diversity on landscapes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.023","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M., Rutzmoser, S., Wigley, T., Loehle, C., Gerwin, J., Keyser, P., Lancia, R., Perry, R., Reynolds, C., Thill, R., Weih, R., White, D., and Wood, P., 2006, Relationships between avian richness and landscape structure at multiple scales using multiple landscapes: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 221, no. 1-3, p. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.023.","startPage":"155","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.023"},{"id":238727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a793e4b0e8fec6cdc4f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutzmoser, S.H.","contributorId":68951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutzmoser","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wigley, T.B.","contributorId":67254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigley","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loehle, C.","contributorId":92823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehle","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gerwin, J.A.","contributorId":88149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerwin","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keyser, P.D.","contributorId":20857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keyser","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lancia, R.A.","contributorId":42327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancia","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reynolds, C.J.","contributorId":69779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thill, R.E.","contributorId":46727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thill","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Weih, R.","contributorId":56028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weih","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"White, D.","contributorId":39103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wood, P.B. 0000-0002-8575-1705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":103992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70031176,"text":"70031176 - 2006 - Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T21:45:01.845269","indexId":"70031176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainy Lake, Minnesota-Ontario, contains a native population of Lake Sturgeon (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) that has gone largely unstudied. The objective of this descriptive study was to summarize generalized Lake Sturgeon movement patterns through the use of biotelemetry. Telemetry data reinforced the high utilization of the Squirrel Falls geographic location by Lake Sturgeon, with 37% of the re-locations occurring in that area. Other spring aggregations occurred in areas associated with Kettle Falls, the Pipestone River, and the Rat River, which could indicate spawning activity. Movement of Lake Sturgeon between the Seine River and the South Arm of Rainy Lake indicates the likelihood of one integrated population on the east end of the South Arm. The lack of re-locations in the Seine River during the months of September and October may have been due to Lake Sturgeon moving into deeper water areas of the Seine River and out of the range of radio telemetry gear or simply moving back into the South Arm. Due to the movements between Minnesota and Ontario, coordination of management efforts among provincial, state, and federal agencies will be important.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Adams, W., Kallemeyn, L., and Willis, D., 2006, Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 120, no. 1, p. 71-82, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rainy Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.7957763671875,\n              48.17707562779612\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.40576171875,\n              48.17707562779612\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.40576171875,\n              48.50204750525715\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7957763671875,\n              48.50204750525715\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7957763671875,\n              48.17707562779612\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4154e4b0c8380cd65495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":23489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kallemeyn, L.W.","contributorId":44864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031166,"text":"70031166 - 2006 - Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031166","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation","docAbstract":"Interpretation of the origins of iron-bearing minerals preserved in modern and ancient rocks based on measured iron isotope ratios depends on our ability to distinguish between biological and non-biological iron isotope fractionation processes. In this study, we compared 56Fe/54Fe ratios of coexisting aqueous iron (Fe(II)aq, Fe(III)aq) and iron oxyhydroxide precipitates (Fe(III)ppt) resulting from the oxidation of ferrous iron under experimental conditions at low pH (<3). Experiments were carried out using both pure cultures of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans and sterile controls to assess possible biological overprinting of non-biological fractionation, and both SO42- and Cl- salts as Fe(II) sources to determine possible ionic/speciation effects that may be associated with oxidation/precipitation reactions. In addition, a series of ferric iron precipitation experiments were performed at pH ranging from 1.9 to 3.5 to determine if different precipitation rates cause differences in the isotopic composition of the iron oxyhydroxides. During microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation in both the sulfate and chloride systems, 56Fe/54Fe ratios of residual Fe(II)aq sampled in a time series evolved along an apparent Rayleigh trend characterized by a fractionation factor ??Fe(III)aq-Fe(II)aq???1.0022. This fractionation factor was significantly less than that measured in our sterile control experiments (???1.0034) and that predicted for isotopic equilibrium between Fe(II)aq and Fe(III)aq (???1.0029), and thus might be interpreted to reflect a biological isotope effect. However, in our biological experiments the measured difference in 56Fe/54Fe ratios between Fe(III)aq, isolated as a solid by the addition of NaOH to the final solution at each time point under N2-atmosphere, and Fe(II)aq was in most cases and on average close to 2.9??? (??Fe(III)aq-Fe(II)aq ???1.0029), consistent with isotopic equilibrium between Fe(II)aq and Fe(III)aq. The ferric iron precipitation experiments revealed that 56Fe/54Fe ratios of Fe(III)aq were generally equal to or greater than those of Fe(III)ppt, and isotopic fractionation between these phases decreased with increasing precipitation rate and decreasing grain size. Considered together, the data confirm that the iron isotope variations observed in our microbial experiments are primarily controlled by non-biological equilibrium and kinetic factors, a result that aids our ability to interpret present-day iron cycling processes but further complicates our ability to use iron isotopes alone to identify biological processing in the rock record. ?? 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balci, N., Bullen, T., Witte-Lien, K., Shanks, W., Motelica, M., and Mandernack, K., 2006, Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, no. 3, p. 622-639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025.","startPage":"622","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3eece4b0c8380cd6414b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balci, N.","contributorId":15005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balci","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witte-Lien, K.","contributorId":84973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte-Lien","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C.","contributorId":39419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Motelica, M.","contributorId":92488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motelica","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mandernack, K.W.","contributorId":68913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028890,"text":"70028890 - 2006 - Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028890","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum","docAbstract":"Pre-Holocene paleoclimate reconstructions face a correlation conundrum because complications inherent in the stratigraphic record impede the development of synchronous reconstruction. The Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) paleoenvironmental reconstructions have carefully balanced temporal resolution and paleoclimate proxy data to achieve a useful and reliable product and are the most comprehensive pre-Pleistocene data sets available for analysis of warmer-than-present climate and for climate modeling experiments. This paper documents the stratigraphic framework for the mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction of the North Atlantic and explores the relationship between stratigraphic/temporal resolution and various paleoceanographic estimates of SST. The magnetobiostratigraphic framework for the PRISM North Atlantic region is constructed from planktic foraminifer, calcareous nannofossil and paleomagnetic reversal events recorded in deep-sea cores and calibrated to age. Planktic foraminifer census data from multiple samples within the mid-Pliocene yield multiple SST estimates for each site. Extracting a single SST value at each site from multiple estimates, given the limitations of the material and stratigraphic resolution, is problematic but necessary for climate model experiments. The PRISM reconstruction, unprecedented in its integration of many different types of data at a focused stratigraphic interval, utilizes a time slab approach and is based on warm peak average temperatures. A greater understanding of the dynamics of the climate system and significant advances in models now mandate more precise, globally distributed yet temporally synchronous SST estimates than are available through averaging techniques. Regardless of the precision used to correlate between sequences within the midd-Pliocene, a truly synoptic reconstruction in the temporal sense is unlikely. SST estimates from multiple proxies promise to further refine paleoclimate reconstructions but must consider the complications associated with each method, what each proxy actually records, and how these different proxies compare in time-averaged samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stratigraphy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/1484329","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., and Robinson, M., 2006, Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum: Stratigraphy, v. 3, no. 1, p. 53-64, https://doi.org/10.2307/1484329.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1484329"},{"id":236518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9901e4b08c986b31c1c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.M.","contributorId":56263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030851,"text":"70030851 - 2006 - Temporal evolution of carbon budgets of the Appalachian forests in the U.S. from 1972 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T16:01:31","indexId":"70030851","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal evolution of carbon budgets of the Appalachian forests in the U.S. from 1972 to 2000","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimating dynamic terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sources and sinks over large areas is difficult. The scaling of C sources and sinks from the field level to the regional level has been challenging due to the variations of climate, soil, vegetation, and disturbances. As part of an effort to estimate the spatial, temporal, and sectional dimensions of the United States C sources and sinks (the U.S. Carbon Trends Project), this study estimated the forest ecosystem C sequestration of the Appalachian region (186,000&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) for the period of 1972–2000 using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) that has a strong capability of assimilating land use and land cover change (LUCC) data. On 82 sampling blocks in the Appalachian region, GEMS used sequential 60&nbsp;m resolution land cover change maps to capture forest stand-replacing events and used forest inventory data to estimate non-stand-replacing changes. GEMS also used Monte Carlo approaches to deal with spatial scaling issues such as initialization of forest age and soil properties. Ensemble simulations were performed to incorporate the uncertainties of input data. Simulated results show that from 1972 to 2000 the net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and net biome productivity (NBP) averaged 6.2&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;y</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±1.1), 2.2&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;y</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±0.6), and 1.8&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;y</span><sup>−1</sup><span>(±0.6), respectively. The inter-annual variability was driven mostly by climate. Detailed C budgets for the year 2000 were also calculated. Within a total 148,000&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span> forested area, average forest ecosystem C density was estimated to be 186&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±20), of which 98&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±12) was in biomass and 88&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±13) was in litter and soil. The total simulated C stock of the Appalachian forests was estimated to be 2751&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;C (±296), including 1454&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;C (±178) in living biomass and 1297&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;C (±192) in litter and soil. The total net C sequestration (i.e. NBP) of the forest ecosystem in 2000 was estimated to be 19.5&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;C&nbsp;y</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±6.8).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.028","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Liu, S., and Loveland, T., 2006, Temporal evolution of carbon budgets of the Appalachian forests in the U.S. from 1972 to 2000: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 222, no. 1-3, p. 191-201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.028.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.028"}],"volume":"222","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50de4b08c986b32078c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030445,"text":"70030445 - 2006 - Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030445","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches","docAbstract":"We developed, and applied in two sites, novel methods to measure ground water-borne nitrogen loads to receiving estuaries from plumes resulting from land disposal of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. In addition, we quantified nitrogen losses from WWTP effluent during transport through watersheds. WWTP load to receiving water was estimated as the difference between total measured ground water-transported nitrogen load and modeled load from major nitrogen sources other than the WWTP. To test estimated WWTP loads, we applied two additional methods. First, we quantified total annual waste water nitrogen load from watersheds based on nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of primary producers in receiving water. Second, we used published data on ground water nitrogen concentrations in an array of wells to estimate dimensions of the plume and quantify the annual mass of nitrogen transported within the plume. Loss of nitrogen during transport through the watershed was estimated as the difference between the annual mass of nitrogen applied to watersheds as treatment plant effluent and the estimated nitrogen load reaching receiving water. In one plume, we corroborated our estimated nitrogen loss in watersheds using data from multiple-level sampling wells to calculate the loss of nitrogen relative to a conservative tracer. The results suggest that nitrogen from the plumes is discharging to the estuaries but that substantial nitrogen loss occurs during transport through the watersheds. The measured vs. modeled and stable isotopic approaches, in comparison to the plume mapping approach, may more reliably quantify ground water-transported WWTP loads to estuaries. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00130.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Kroeger, K., Cole, M.L., York, J., and Valiela, I., 2006, Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 188-200, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00130.x.","startPage":"188","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211782,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00130.x"},{"id":239136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66e9e4b0c8380cd7307c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Marci L.","contributorId":101071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Marci","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"York, J.K.","contributorId":10616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valiela, I.","contributorId":29146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valiela","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70196019,"text":"70196019 - 2006 - Gas hydrate potential of the mid Atlantic outer continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:22:10","indexId":"70196019","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1641,"text":"Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrate potential of the mid Atlantic outer continental shelf","docAbstract":"<p>For the last two years, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) has been studying the resource potential of gas hydrates in federal offshore lands of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) off the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific, and Alaska in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Naval Research Lab (NRL) and academia. Utilizing its extensive seismic, well, and geochemical databases, the MMS will be reporting the in-place resource numbers within the next few months. Though the methodology of the study was not prospect oriented, discrete prospects have been recognized.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Shedd, W.W., and Hutchinson, D.R., 2006, Gas hydrate potential of the mid Atlantic outer continental shelf: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 6, no. 3, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"},{"id":352469,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/methane%20hydrates/HMNewsFall06.pdf#page=8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff01fae4b0da30c1bfcc3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedd, William W.","contributorId":31310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030451,"text":"70030451 - 2006 - L1C signal design options","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030451","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"L1C signal design options","docAbstract":"Design activities for a new civil signal centered at 1575.42 MHz, called L1C, began in 2003, and the Phase 1 effort was completed in 2004. The L1C signal design has evolved and matured during a Phase 2 design activity that began in 2005. Phase 2 has built on the initial design activity, guided by responses to international user surveys conducted during Phase 1. A common core of signal characteristics has been developed to provide advances in robustness and performance. The Phase 2 activity produced five design options, all drawing upon the core signal characteristics, while representing different blends of characteristics and capabilities. A second round of international user surveys was completed to solicit advice concerning these design options. This paper provides an update of the L1C design process, and describes the current L1C design options. Initial performance estimates are presented for each design option, displaying trades between signal tracking robustness, the speed and robustness of clock and ephemeris data, and the rate and robustness of other data message contents. Planned remaining activities are summarized, leading to optimization of the L1C design.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting 2006, NTM","conferenceDate":"18 January 2006 through 20 January 2006","conferenceLocation":"Monterey, CA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Betz, J., Cahn, C., Dafesh, P., Hegarty, C., Hudnut, K., Jones, A., Keegan, R., Kovach, K., Lenahan, L., Ma, H., Rushanan, J., Stansell, T., Wang, C., and Yi, S., 2006, L1C signal design options, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting, v. 2, Monterey, CA, 18 January 2006 through 20 January 2006, p. 685-697.","startPage":"685","endPage":"697","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40d2e4b0c8380cd65082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betz, J.W.","contributorId":7484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betz","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahn, C.R.","contributorId":86556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahn","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dafesh, P.A.","contributorId":98937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dafesh","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hegarty, C.J.","contributorId":26501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hegarty","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudnut, K.W.","contributorId":25179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, A.J.","contributorId":78151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keegan, R.","contributorId":49170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keegan","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kovach, K.","contributorId":69348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lenahan, L.S.","contributorId":107916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenahan","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ma, H.H.","contributorId":47959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rushanan, J.J.","contributorId":26129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rushanan","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stansell, T.A.","contributorId":38761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stansell","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wang, C.C.","contributorId":22956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Yi, S.K.","contributorId":35108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yi","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70175936,"text":"70175936 - 2006 - The conservation and population status of the world's waders at the turn of the millennium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:19:34","indexId":"70175936","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"5.2.1","title":"The conservation and population status of the world's waders at the turn of the millennium","docAbstract":"<p><span>Using information from many sources, but especially data collated for the third edition of Wetlands International’s Waterbird Population Estimates, we review the status of the world’s waders in the late 1990s. There are widespread declines in most regions and biotopes caused principally by loss and degradation of wetland (and other) habitats. On different flyways, between 33%and 68% of populations are in decline, compared with only 0% to 29% increasing. Non-migratory, island species have especially poor status, with about half of all island waders being globally threatened with extinction. Of particular conservation concern is the declining environmental status of several key staging areas,which provide energetic ‘spring-boards’ for long-distance migrants. The degradation of these areas compromises the status of many migrant waders. The rapid collapse of populations, forced below threshold levels, has been predicted theoretically, and now appears to be occurring in a number of rapidly declining populations. Conservation responses must urgently address causes of wetland loss and degradation, as well as enhancing monitoring and research so as better to inform appropriate conservation policies. National and international strategies and conservation instruments have scope to help, but need to be much more strategic in their implementation so as to address root causes.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds around the world: A global overview of the conservation, management, and research of the world's waterbird flyways","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The Waterbirds Around the World Conference","conferenceDate":"April 2004","conferenceLocation":"Edinburgh, Scotland","language":"English","publisher":"TSO Scotland Ltd","publisherLocation":"Edinburgh, UK","isbn":"9780114973339","usgsCitation":"Stroud, D.A., Baker, A., Blanco, D., Davidson, N.C., Ganter, B., Gill, R., Gonzalez, P., Haanstra, L., Morrison, R.I., Piersma, T., Scott, D., Thorup, O., West, R., Wilson, J., and Zockler, C., 2006, The conservation and population status of the world's waders at the turn of the millennium, <i>in</i> Waterbirds around the world: A global overview of the conservation, management, and research of the world's waterbird flyways, Edinburgh, Scotland, April 2004, p. 643-648.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"648","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://jncc.defra.gov.uk/worldwaterbirds"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc224fe4b03fd6b7de1782","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boere, Gerard C.","contributorId":111405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boere","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690230,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galbraith, Colin A.","contributorId":113310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690231,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stroud, David A.","contributorId":113852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690232,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Stroud, David A.","contributorId":113852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Andy","contributorId":73053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanco, D.E.","contributorId":173932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanco","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davidson, Nick C.","contributorId":80553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ganter, B.","contributorId":173933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ganter","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gonzalez, P.M.","contributorId":76965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Haanstra, L.","contributorId":173934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haanstra","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morrison, R. I. G.","contributorId":66640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"I. 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,{"id":70030563,"text":"70030563 - 2006 - Microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA variation in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T10:51:25","indexId":"70030563","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA variation in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Radiotelemetry data have shown that polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) occur in separate subpopulations in the Chukchi Sea and the southern Beaufort Sea. However, segregation is not absolute, and there is overlap of ranges of animals in each subpopulation. We used genetic variation at eight microsatellite DNA loci and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to further assess the degree of spatial structure of polar bears from the Chukchi and southern Beaufort seas. Microsatellite allele frequencies and mtDNA haplotype frequencies of bears from the southern Beaufort and Chukchi seas did not differ significantly. Lack of differentiation at both maternally inherited mtDNA and bi-parentally inherited microsatellite loci suggests that gene flow between the two areas is mediated by both sexes. The genetic data indicate that polar bears in the southern Beaufort and Chukchi seas compose one interbreeding population. However, there is considerable fidelity to ranges in each area, particularly by adult females. The combined genetic and movement data suggest that polar bears could be managed as Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea subpopulations of a combined southern Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea population. ?? 2006 NRC.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z06-039","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., Amstrup, S.C., and Scribner, K., 2006, Microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA variation in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 84, no. 5, p. 655-660, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z06-039.","startPage":"655","endPage":"660","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z06-039"}],"volume":"84","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a569be4b0c8380cd6d6c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, M. A.","contributorId":80216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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