In April 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) began a cooperative study to infer the pre-mining ground-water chemistry at the Molycorp molybdenum mine site in the Red River Valley of north-central New Mexico. This report is one in a series of reports that can be used to determine pre-mining ground-water conditions at the mine site. Molycorp’s Questa molybdenum mine in the Red River Valley, northern New Mexico, is located near the margin of the Questa caldera in a highly mineralized region.
The bedrock of the Taos Range surrounding the Red River is composed of Proterozoic rocks of various types, which are intruded and overlain by Oligocene volcanic rocks associated with the Questa caldera. Locally, these rocks were altered by hydrothermal activity. The alteration zones that contain sulfide minerals are particularly important because they constitute the commercial ore bodies of the region and, where exposed to weathering, form sites of rapid erosion referred to as alteration scars. Over the past thousand years, if not over the entire Holocene, erosion rates were spatially variable. Forested hillslopes eroded at about 0.04 millimeter per year, whereas alteration scars eroded at about 2.7 millimeters per year. The erosion rate of the alteration scars is unusually rapid for naturally occurring sites that have not been disturbed by humans. Watersheds containing large alteration scars delivered more sediment to the Red River Valley than the Red River could remove. Consequently, large debris fans, as much as 80 meters thick, developed within the valley.
The geomorphology of the Red River Valley has had several large influences on the hydrology of the shallow alluvial aquifer, and those influences were in effect before the onset of mining within the watershed. Several reaches where alluvial ground water emerges to become Red River streamflow were observed by a tracer dilution study conducted in 2001. The aquifer narrows where erosion-resistant bedrock, which tends to form vertical cliffs, restricts the width of the valley bottom. Although the presence of a shallow bedrock sill, overlain by shallow alluvium, is a plausible cause of ground-water emergence, this cause was not demonstrated in the study area. The water-table gradient can locally decrease in the downstream direction because of changes in the hydraulic properties of the alluvium, and this may be a contributing cause of ground-water emergence. However, at one site (near Cabin Springs), ground-water emergence could not be explained by spatial changes in geometric or hydraulic properties of the aquifer. Furthermore, the available evidence demonstrates that ground water flowing through bedrock fractures or colluvium entered the north side of the alluvial aquifer, and is the cause of ground-water emergence. At that location the alluvial aquifer was already flowing full, causing the excess water to emerge into the stream.
An indirect consequence of altered rock in the tributary watersheds is the rapid erosion rate of alteration scars combined with the hydraulic properties of sediments shed from those scars. Where alteration scars are large the debris fans at the mouths of the tributary watersheds substantially encroach into the Red River Valley. At such locations debris-fan materials dominate the width and thickness of the alluvium in the valley and reduce the rate of flow of ground water within the Red River alluvial aquifer. Most sites of groundwater emergence are located immediately upstream from or along the margins of debris fans. A substantial fraction of the ground water approaching a debris fan can emerge to become streamflow. This last observation has three implications. First, very little water can flow the entire length of the study area entirely within the alluvial aquifer because the ground water repeatedly contacts debris-fan sediments over that length. Second, it follows that emerging water containing unique elemental constituents must have entered the alluvial aquifer at a relatively short distance upstream. Third, a gravel aquifer downstream from a large debris fan can transmit more ground water than flows into it through the debris fan. This observation explains how the water table can be naturally, and permanently, located well beneath the level of the bed of a perennial stream.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065156","isbn":"9781411318731","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department","usgsCitation":"Vincent, K.R., 2008, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 17. Geomorphology of the Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, and influence on ground-water flow in the shallow alluvial aquifer (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5156, Report: vi, 51 p.; 1 Plate: 44.61 x 22.89 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065156.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 51 p.; 1 Plate: 44.61 x 22.89 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192298,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463442,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84603.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Taos County","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.58333333333333,36.65 ], [ -105.58333333333333,36.766666666666666 ], [ -105.36666666666666,36.766666666666666 ], [ -105.36666666666666,36.65 ], [ -105.58333333333333,36.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vincent, Kirk R.","contributorId":64735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161193,"text":"70161193 - 2008 - Bleaching increases likelihood of disease on Acropora palmatao (Lamarck) in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T20:32:08.023595","indexId":"70161193","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Bleaching increases likelihood of disease on Acropora palmata (Lamarck) in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands","title":"Bleaching increases likelihood of disease on Acropora palmatao (Lamarck) in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Anomalously high water temperatures may enhance the likelihood of coral disease outbreaks by increasing the abundance or virulence of pathogens, or by increasing host susceptibility. This study tested the compromised-host hypothesis, and documented the relationship between disease and temperature, through monthly monitoring of Acropora palmata colonies from May 2004 to December 2006, in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands (USVI). Disease prevalence and the rate of change in prevalence showed a positive linear relationship with water temperature and rate of change in water temperature, respectively, but only in 2005 during prolonged periods of elevated temperature. Both bleached and unbleached colonies showed a positive relationship between disease prevalence and temperature in 2005, but the average area of disease-associated mortality increased only for bleached corals, indicating host susceptibility, rather than temperature per se, influenced disease severity on A. palmata.
Time-series photographs of the sea floor were obtained from an instrumented tripod deployed in western Massachusetts Bay at LT-A (42° 22.6' N, 70° 47.0' W; nominal water depth of 32 m; fig. 1) from December 1989 through September 2005. The photographs provide time-series observations of physical changes of the sea floor, near-bottom water turbidity, and life on the sea floor. Several reports present these photographs in digital form (table 1). This report, U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 265, Version 2.0, contains the photographs obtained from December 1989 to October 1996, adding to (and replacing) Version 1 of Data Series 265 (Butman and others, 2007a) that contained photographs from 1989 through 1993. Data Series 266 (Butman and others, 2008b) contains photographs obtained from October 1996 through September 2005. The photographs are published in separate reports because the data files are too large for distribution on a single DVD. These reports present the photographs, originally collected on 35-mm film, in digital form to enable easy viewing and to provide a medium-resolution digital archive. The photographs, obtained every 4 or every 6 hours, are presented as individual photographs (in .png format) and as a movie (in .avi format).
The time-series photographs taken at LT-A were collected as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study to understand the transport and fate of sediments and associated contaminants in Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay (Bothner and Butman, 2007). This long-term study was carried out by the USGS in partnership with the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) (https://www.mwra.state.ma.us/) and with logistical support from the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). Long-term oceanographic observations help to identify the processes causing bottom sediment resuspension and transport and provide data for developing and testing numerical models. The observations document seasonal and interannual changes in currents, hydrography, suspended-matter concentration, and the importance of infrequent catastrophic events, such as major storms, in sediment resuspension and transport. LT-A is approximately 1 km south of the ocean outfall that began discharging treated sewage effluent from the Boston metropolitan area into Massachusetts Bay in September 2000. See Butman and others (2004d) for a description of the oceanographic measurements at LT-A, and Butman and others (2007c) and Warner and others (2008) for discussion of sediment transport in Massachusetts Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds265","isbn":"9781411319790","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Dalyander, P., Bothner, M., and Lange, W.N., 2008, Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, version 2, 1989 - 1996 (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 265, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds265.","productDescription":"HTML Document","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"1993-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-004260","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds265.png"},{"id":292758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ds-265V2/WEBPAGES/intro.html"},{"id":10954,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ds-265V2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395731,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81624.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7847,\n 42.3750\n ],\n [\n -70.7819,\n 42.3750\n ],\n [\n -70.7819,\n 42.3778\n ],\n [\n -70.7847,\n 42.3778\n ],\n [\n -70.7847,\n 42.3750\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalyander, P. Soupy 0000-0001-9583-0872","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":65177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"P. Soupy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lange, William N.","contributorId":42306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80043,"text":"twri09A6.0 - 2008 - Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":80043,"text":"twri09A6.0 - 2008 - Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","indexId":"twri09A6.0","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General Information and Guidelines for Field-Measured Water-Quality Properties","title":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70246536,"text":"tm9A6.0 - 2023 - Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","indexId":"tm9A6.0","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70246536,"text":"tm9A6.0 - 2023 - Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","indexId":"tm9A6.0","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-10T17:30:42.345894","indexId":"twri09A6.0","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"09-A6.0","displayTitle":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General Information and Guidelines for Field-Measured Water-Quality Properties","title":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","docAbstract":"This report summarizes information, guidelines, and minimum requirements that apply generally to the seven field-measurement sections that comprise the rest of Chapter A6 of this U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (NFM). Protocols are specified for establishing and maintaining data records, use of field-measurement instruments and methods, and quality assurance of data-collection and reporting methods that are relevant to surface-water and ground-water field-measurement activities. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A6.0","usgsCitation":"Wilde, F.D., 2008, Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A6.0, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A6.0.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363698,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-A0","linkHelpText":"- General Introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":362918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a60/twri9a6_Chapter6.0v2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TWRI 9A06","linkHelpText":"General Information and Guidelines"},{"id":363171,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a60/twri9a6_section6.0.pdf","text":"Report Section 6.0 Version 1.1, July 2003","size":"218 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- General Information and Guidelines"},{"id":363170,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a60/twri9a6_final508Chapter6.0.pdf","text":"Report Section 6.0 Version 1.2, August 2005","size":"582 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- General Information and Guidelines"},{"id":191080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a60/coverthb2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 2.0","contact":"Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"At the request of the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk, the U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed water, bed-sediment, and mussel-tissue samples from selected streams near the Redleg impact area (RIA) and Peason Ridge impact areas (PRIA) at the Fort Polk Military Reservation (Reservation), Louisiana. from June 2001 through November 2003. Samples were collected from 13 sites, including 2 reference sites. Water was analyzed for physicochemical properties; water and bed sediment were analyzed for major inorganic ions, cyanide, perchlorate, trace elements, total organic carbon, nutrients, and explosive compounds; and mussel tissue from three sites was analyzed for explosive compounds only. The two reference sites, one near the RIA and one near the PRIA, were selected to provide baseline data for these areas.
Streams near the RIA were acidic and low in buffering capacity. with pH measurements ranging from 5.0 to 6.6. Cation concentrations were less than or equal to E3.3J mg/L (E, estimated; J, method blank contamination; milligrams per liter), and anion concentrations were less than or equal to E7.3 mg/L. Field measurements and major inorganic ions concentrations were similar to the RIA reference site and to previously sampled nearby streams, indicating streams near the RIA were typical of streams near the eastern part of the Main Post.
Streams near the PRIA were slightly acidic to neutral and low in buffering capacity, with pH measurements ranging from 5.7 to 6.9. Cation concentrations were less than or equal to 6.2 mg/L, and anion concentrations were less than or equal to 16 mg/L. Streams near the PRIA were higher than the RIA for most physicochemical properties and constituents, hut typical of streams near the headwaters of the Calcasieu River. All concentrations of sulfate, chloride, and fluoride were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Drinking-Water Regulations (SDWR) of 250, 250, and 2.0 mg/L, respectively.
Concentrations of cations calcium, magnesium. and potassium for sites near both the RIA and PRIA were higher in depositional bed-sediment samples than in bulk samples. Higher cation concentrations were likely due to higher clay and organic content in the depositional samples.
The trace elements detected in the highest concentrations in water and bed sediment were aluminum, iron, and manganese. All aluminum concentrations in water were within the range or greater than the USEPA SDWR range from 50 to 200 ug/L (micrograms per liter). All but four iron concentrations in water exceeded the SDWR. Manganese concentrations in seven water samples at the RIA sites and four samples at the PRIA sites were greater than the SDWR. These concentrations of cations were consistent with soil characteristics and low pH measurements of stream water and rainfall in the area. All other trace-element concentrations in water were less than regulatory guidelines and regulations except the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level Goal of 0 ug/L for arsenic and lead and 0.5 u/L for thallium. Arsenic, lead, and thallium concentrations were similar to those detected in blank samples or those reported for the reference sites.
The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) has established bed-sediment guidelines for seven trace elements: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc. No concentrations exceeded the CCME Probable Effect Level, and only one arsenic concentration of 8.87 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram), in a depositional sample from one of the RIA sites, exceeded the CCME Interim Sediment Quality Guideline of 5.9 mg/kg.
The median concentrations of total organic carbon in water were 5.3 mg/L at the RIA and 4.0 mg/L at the PRIA, and both concentrations were less than the average dissolved organic carbon concentration of 5.75 mg/L for all world rivers. All detected nutrient concentrations in water were less than USEPA guidelines and regulations. The largest nutrient concentrations in water and bed-sediment samples were total organic nitrogen, measured as total Kjeldahl nitrogen; they included a maximum concentration of 0.53 mg/L in water at the RIA sites, E0.38 mg/L in water at the PRIA sites, 294 mg/kg in hulk bed sediment. and 1,740 mg/kg in depositional bed sediment.
Four explosive compounds, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazine), and tetryl, were detected in water near the RIA; one compound, HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocine), was detected in bed sediment near the PRIA; and one compound, nitroglycerin, was detected in mussel tissue near the RIA. The most frequently detected explosive compound, RDX, was detected in 10 water samples from 5 sites near the RIA. Concentrations of explosive compounds in water were less than USEPA Health Advisories available for reference.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075151","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk","usgsCitation":"Tollett, R.W., and Fendick, R., 2008, Physicochemical properties and chemical characteristics of water, bed sediment, and mussel tissue from selected streams near the Redleg and Peason Ridge impact areas, Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, June 2001 - November 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5151, vii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075151.","productDescription":"vii, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5151/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Fort Polk Military Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.240966796875,\n 30.981141277396976\n ],\n [\n -92.85232543945312,\n 30.981141277396976\n ],\n [\n -92.85232543945312,\n 31.149356922488074\n ],\n [\n -93.240966796875,\n 31.149356922488074\n ],\n [\n -93.240966796875,\n 30.981141277396976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.36593627929688,\n 31.316687991715057\n ],\n [\n -93.17779541015624,\n 31.316687991715057\n ],\n [\n -93.17779541015624,\n 31.439208864183147\n ],\n [\n -93.36593627929688,\n 31.439208864183147\n ],\n [\n -93.36593627929688,\n 31.316687991715057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tollett, Roland W. 0000-0002-4726-5845 rtollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-5845","contributorId":1896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollett","given":"Roland","email":"rtollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":826401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77409,"text":"sir20065101D - 2008 - Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in the Willamette River basin and surrounding area, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T21:03:48.326816","indexId":"sir20065101D","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5101","chapter":"D","title":"Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in the Willamette River basin and surrounding area, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"This report describes the effects of urbanization on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of stream ecosystems in 28 watersheds along a gradient of urbanization in the Willamette River basin and surrounding area, Oregon and Washington, from 2003 through 2005. The study that generated the report is one of several urban-effects studies completed nationally by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Watersheds were selected to minimize natural variability caused by factors such as geology, elevation, and climate, and to maximize coverage of different stages of urban development among watersheds. Because land use or population density alone often are not a complete measure of urbanization, a combination of land use, land cover, infrastructure, and socioeconomic variables were integrated into a multimetric urban intensity index (UII) to represent the degree of urban development in each watershed. Physical characteristics studied include stream hydrology, stream temperature, and habitat; chemical characteristics studied include sulfate, chloride, nutrients, pesticides, dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic carbon, and suspended sediment; and biological characteristics studied include algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages. Semipermeable membrane devices, passive samplers that concentrate trace levels of hydrophobic organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls, also were used. The objectives of the study were to (1) examine physical, chemical, and biological responses along the gradient of urbanization and (2) determine the major physical, chemical, and landscape variables affecting the structure of aquatic communities.\r\n\r\nCommon effects documented in the literature of urbanization on instream physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, such as increased contaminants, increased streamflow flashiness, increased concentrations of chemicals, and changes in aquatic community structure toward a more tolerant community associated with organically enriched conditions, generally were observed in this study. The strongest correlations to the UII and to many of the algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblage metrics and community ordination involved water-chemistry metrics including the total pesticide concentration, toxic equivalents (extract assay from semipermeable membrane devices), and dissolved oxygen. Hydrologic variability metrics, such as flashiness, that normally are considered to be one of the main processes of urban disturbance had a strong association to the algal and fish assemblages in this study; however, the hydrologic variables for macroinvertebrates were secondary to the water-chemistry metrics mentioned above. Generally, the high urban intensity sites had high abundances of eutrophic and lower dissolved oxygen-indicating diatoms, high abundances of noninsects and tolerant insects, and high abundances of nonnative fish species. On the other hand, the low urban intensity sites had higher abundances of pollution sensitive diatoms, larger numbers of the sensitive macroinvertebrate EPT taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera Orders), and fish assemblages with higher abundances of sensitive salmonids. The percent salmonid and macroinvertebrate EPT richness metrics plotted against the UII indicated a possible threshold response at about 25 on the UII, which is equivalent to an impervious surface value of about 5 percent. However, due to the added agricultural land use at sites within the 25 to 60 UII range, this possible threshold probably is not solely due to urbanization, but a combination of urban and agricultural land use. The effects of agricultural and urban land use could not be distinguished from each other, yet combined they provide a good assessment of overall watershed disturbance.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in six metropolitan areas of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065101D","usgsCitation":"Waite, I.R., Sobieszczyk, S., Carpenter, K., Arnsberg, A.J., Johnson, H.M., Hughes, C.A., Sarantou, M.J., and Rinella, F., 2008, Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in the Willamette River basin and surrounding area, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101, x, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065101D.","productDescription":"x, 63 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5101_d.jpg"},{"id":395939,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84313.htm"},{"id":11739,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101-D/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin and surrounding area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.6667,\n 43.3833\n ],\n [\n -121.6667,\n 43.3833\n ],\n [\n -121.6667,\n 46.2792\n ],\n [\n -123.6667,\n 46.2792\n ],\n [\n -123.6667,\n 43.3833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnsberg, Andrew J.","contributorId":57932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnsberg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":105291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hughes, Curt A.","contributorId":59845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Curt","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sarantou, Michael J. sarantou@usgs.gov","contributorId":954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarantou","given":"Michael","email":"sarantou@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70229,"text":"twri09A7 - 2008 - Chapter A7 Biological Indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:54:01","indexId":"twri09A7","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"09-A7","title":"Chapter A7 Biological Indicators","docAbstract":"The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) provides guidelines and standard procedures for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. This chapter of the manual includes procedures for the (1) determination of biochemical oxygen demand using a 5-day bioassay test; (2) collection, identification, and enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria; (3) collection of samples and information on two laboratory methods for fecal indicator viruses (coliphages); and (4) collection of samples for protozoan pathogens. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. 7, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A7.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A7","usgsCitation":"Myers, D.N., and Wilde, F.D., 2008, Chapter A7 Biological Indicators: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A7, 4 p.; Related Work, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A7.","productDescription":"4 p.; Related Work","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363223,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-A0 ","linkHelpText":"- General Introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":193070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a7/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":362189,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a7/twri9a7_cover-contents-introduction.pdf","text":"Report","size":"126 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Cover, Contents, and Introduction"}],"contact":"Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) provides guidelines and standard procedures for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. Chapter A6 presents procedures and guidelines for the collection of data on air and water temperature, and on dissolved-oxygen concentrations, specific electrical conductance, pH, reduction-oxidation potential, alkalinity, and turbidity in water. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A6","usgsCitation":"2008, Chapter A6. Field Measurements (2008): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A6, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A6.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a6_final508ChapterA6.pdf","text":"Cover, Contents, and Introduction","size":"109 KB"},{"id":139599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363699,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-AO","linkHelpText":"- General introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"}],"edition":"2008","contact":"Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Over the past century, seagrass habitats from the bays of Texas to the gulf shores of Florida have decreased. Seagrass beds, which are highly dependent on water quality and clarity for survival, are home to a multitude of aquatic plants and animals and a source of economic activity through commercial and recreational fishing and ecotourism. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Gulf of Mexico Program (GMP) and its partners have made a commitment to restore, enhance, and protect this important ecosystem. As seagrass habitats decrease, the need for information on the causes and effects of seagrass loss, current mapping information, and education on the importance of seagrassess becomes greater. This report is the initial effort of the GMP’s research and restoration plan for seagrasses. The purpose of this report is to provide scientists, managers, and citizens with valuable baseline information on the status and trends of seagrasses in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Within the northern Gulf of Mexico region, 14 individual estuarine systems where seagrasses occur, as well as statewide summaries for Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, are examined in this study. Each estuarine system is detailed in vignettes that address current and historical extent and quality of seagrasses, seagrass mapping and monitoring, causes of status change, restoration and enhancement activities, background information for the entire study area as well as the subareas for study, and the methodology employed to analyze and document the historical trends and current status of seagrasses.
The systems, moving from west to east, include the Laguna Madre, Texas Coastal Bend region, and Galveston Bay in Texas; the Chandeleur Islands in Louisiana; the Mississippi Sound; and Perdido Bay, Pensacola/Escambia Bay, Choctawhatchee Bay, St. Andrew Bay, Florida’s Big Bend region, Tampa Bay/St. Joseph Sound, Sarasota Bay, Greater Charlotte Harbor, and Florida Bay in Florida. (Mobile Bay is dealt with only in the statewide summary for Alabama.)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065287","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Altsman, D., and DeMay, R., 2007, Seagrass status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1940-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5287, xii, 267 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065287.","productDescription":"xii, 267 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065287.PNG"},{"id":387820,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5287/sir20065287.pdf","text":"Report","size":"188 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2006-5287"},{"id":9756,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.26,24.82 ], [ -98.26,31.11 ], [ -80.31,31.11 ], [ -80.31,24.82 ], [ -98.26,24.82 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
In order for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to respond to evolving national and global priorities, it must periodically reflect on, and optimize, its strategic directions. This report is the first comprehensive science strategy since the early 1990s to examine critically major USGS science goals and priorities.
The development of this science strategy comes at a time of global trends and rapidly evolving societal needs that pose important natural-science challenges. The emergence of a global economy affects the demand for all resources. The last decade has witnessed the emergence of a new model for managing Federal lands—ecosystem-based management. The U.S. Climate Change Science Program predicts that the next few decades will see rapid changes in the Nation’s and the Earth’s environment. Finally, the natural environment continues to pose risks to society in the form of volcanoes, earthquakes, wildland fires, floods, droughts, invasive species, variable and changing climate, and natural and anthropogenic toxins, as well as animal-borne diseases that affect humans. The use of, and competition for, natural resources on the global scale, and natural threats to those resources, has the potential to impact the Nation’s ability to sustain its economy, national security, quality of life, and natural environment.
Responding to these national priorities and global trends requires a science strategy that not only builds on existing USGS strengths and partnerships but also demands the innovation made possible by integrating the full breadth and depth of USGS capabilities. The USGS chooses to go forward in the science directions proposed here because the societal issues addressed by these science directions represent major challenges for the Nation’s future and for the stewards of Federal lands, both onshore and offshore.
The six science directions proposed in this science strategy are summarized in the following paragraphs. The ecosystems strategy is listed first because it has a dual nature. It is itself an essential direction for the USGS to pursue to meet a pressing national and global need, but ecosystem-based approaches are also an underpinning of the other five directions, which all require ecosystem perspectives and tools for their execution. The remaining strategic directions are listed in alphabetical order.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1309","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Facing tomorrow’s challenges—U.S. Geological Survey science in the decade 2007–2017: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1309, 67 p.","productDescription":"x, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"81","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1309.gif"},{"id":292617,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2007/1309/pdf/C1309.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1309"}],"contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Indicators of algal biomass are used to assess water quality in both moving (lotic) and stillwater (lentic) ecosystems. Algal biomass in a water body can be estimated in three ways: (1) by quantifying chlorophyll a (CHL a), (2) by measuring carbon biomass as ash-free dry mass (AFDM), or (3) by measuring the particulate organic carbon (POC) in a sample. The CHL a procedure measures photosynthetic pigment common to all types of algae, while AFDM and POC procedures measure the carbon in a filtered water sample. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A7.4","usgsCitation":"Berkman, J.A.H., and Canova, M.G., 2007, Chapter 7.4, Algai biomass indicators: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap 7.4, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A7.4.","productDescription":"82 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363228,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-A0","linkHelpText":"- General Introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":363206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a7/twri9a7_7.4.pdf","text":"Report Chapter 7.4","linkHelpText":"- Algal Biomass Indicators"}],"contact":"Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","publishedDate":"2019-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkman, Julie A. Hambrook","contributorId":215055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berkman","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A. Hambrook","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Canova, M.G.","contributorId":91926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canova","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180899,"text":"70180899 - 2007 - Multicriteria decision analysis: Overview and implications for environmental decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T12:20:22","indexId":"70180899","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Multicriteria decision analysis: Overview and implications for environmental decision making","docAbstract":"Environmental decision making involving multiple stakeholders can benefit from the use of a formal process to structure stakeholder interactions, leading to more successful outcomes than traditional discursive decision processes. There are many tools available to handle complex decision making. Here we illustrate the use of a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) outranking tool (PROMETHEE) to facilitate decision making at the watershed scale, involving multiple stakeholders, multiple criteria, and multiple objectives. We compare various MCDA methods and their theoretical underpinnings, examining methods that most realistically model complex decision problems in ways that are understandable and transparent to stakeholders.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in the Economics of Environmental Resources","publisher":" Emerald Group Publishing Limited","publisherLocation":"Greenwich, CT","usgsCitation":"Hermans, C.M., and Erickson, J.D., 2007, Multicriteria decision analysis: Overview and implications for environmental decision making, chap. of Advances in the Economics of Environmental Resources, v. 7, p. 213-228.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589aeab1e4b0efcedb72d23f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Erickson, Jon D.","contributorId":179109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erickson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662758,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Messner, Frank","contributorId":179110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Messner","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662759,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ring, Irene","contributorId":179111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ring","given":"Irene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662760,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Hermans, Caroline M.","contributorId":45012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermans","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erickson, Jon D.","contributorId":179109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erickson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180897,"text":"70180897 - 2007 - United States‐Mexican border watershed assessment: Modeling nonpoint source pollution in Ambos Nogales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T11:18:26","indexId":"70180897","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5288,"text":"Journal of Borderlands Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"United States‐Mexican border watershed assessment: Modeling nonpoint source pollution in Ambos Nogales","docAbstract":"Ecological considerations need to be interwoven with economic policy and planning along the United States‐Mexican border. Non‐point source pollution can have significant implications for the availability of potable water and the continued health of borderland ecosystems in arid lands. However, environmental assessments in this region present a host of unique issues and problems. A common obstacle to the solution of these problems is the integration of data with different resolutions, naming conventions, and quality to create a consistent database across the binational study area. This report presents a simple modeling approach to predict nonpoint source pollution that can be used for border watersheds. The modeling approach links a hillslopescale erosion‐prediction model and a spatially derived sediment‐delivery model within a geographic information system to estimate erosion, sediment yield, and sediment deposition across the Ambos Nogales watershed in Sonora, Mexico, and Arizona. This paper discusses the procedures used for creating a watershed database to apply the models and presents an example of the modeling approach applied to a conservation‐planning problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/08865655.2007.9695670","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., 2007, United States‐Mexican border watershed assessment: Modeling nonpoint source pollution in Ambos Nogales: Journal of Borderlands Studies, v. 22, no. 1, p. 79-97, https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2007.9695670.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, Sonoma","city":"Nogales, Nogales","otherGeospatial":"United States-Mexico border watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.3681640625,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -112.3681640625,\n 32.40779154205701\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 32.40779154205701\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -112.3681640625,\n 30.0405664305846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589aeab2e4b0efcedb72d241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179685,"text":"70179685 - 2007 - Mystery solved: White deposit on streambeds proves to be diatoms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T14:47:08","indexId":"70179685","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5578,"text":"Shenandoah National Park Resource Management Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mystery solved: White deposit on streambeds proves to be diatoms","docAbstract":"In the late winter and early spring of 2006 an unusual white deposit was observed on rocks and margins of streambeds in a number of park streams. Inquiries were made to park staff and scientists studying water resources in the park as to what the deposit was and did it pose any type of risk. A number of explanations were proposed, but it was not until samples were collected and examined with a scanning electron microscope that the identity of the deposit was definitively determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., and Rice, K.C., 2007, Mystery solved: White deposit on streambeds proves to be diatoms: Shenandoah National Park Resource Management Newsletter, v. Spring 2007, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ],\n [\n -78.1512451171875,\n 38.7283759182398\n ],\n [\n -78.12103271484375,\n 38.76693348394693\n ],\n [\n -78.1182861328125,\n 38.86109762182888\n ],\n [\n -78.19244384765625,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -78.25286865234375,\n 38.86965182408357\n ],\n [\n -78.24188232421875,\n 38.83756825896614\n ],\n [\n -78.30230712890624,\n 38.841846903808985\n ],\n [\n -78.3929443359375,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -78.4259033203125,\n 38.713375686254714\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 38.638327308061875\n ],\n [\n -78.4918212890625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.5577392578125,\n 38.567495358827344\n ],\n [\n -78.59344482421875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -78.607177734375,\n 38.41271038284709\n ],\n [\n -78.71429443359375,\n 38.33088431959971\n ],\n [\n -78.80218505859375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -78.826904296875,\n 38.21012996629426\n ],\n [\n -78.82965087890625,\n 38.13239618602294\n ],\n [\n -78.82415771484375,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -78.70330810546875,\n 38.1237539824224\n ],\n [\n -78.695068359375,\n 38.201496974020806\n ],\n [\n -78.56597900390625,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -78.45611572265625,\n 38.34381037525605\n ],\n [\n -78.37921142578125,\n 38.371808917147554\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 38.50948995925553\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n","volume":"Spring 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a492e4b04df303d9582c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Rick","contributorId":178212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179927,"text":"70179927 - 2007 - Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-22T09:08:52","indexId":"70179927","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"48","title":"Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 2007","docAbstract":"This is the forty-fourth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing ground-water conditions.
This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to wells constructed for new appropriations of ground water. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas which are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions and for which applicable data are available.
This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of ground-water development in the State for calendar year 2006. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality. This report is available online at http://www.waterrights.utah. gov/ and http://ut.water.usgs.gov/newUTAH/GW2007.pdf.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights; and Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., Allen, D.V., Danner, M., Enright, M., Cillessen, J., Gerner, S., Eacret, R.J., Downhour, P., Slaugh, B.A., Swenson, R.L., Howells, J.H., Christiansen, H.K., and Fisher, M.J., 2007, Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 2007: Cooperative Investigations Report 48, viii, 130 p.","productDescription":"viii, 130 p.","numberOfPages":"142","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364077,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/wwwpub/GW2007.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833024e4b0d002316377a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, David V.","contributorId":75989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danner, M.R.","contributorId":178514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danner","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Enright, Michael","contributorId":99979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enright","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cillessen, J.L.","contributorId":33803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cillessen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerner, S.J.","contributorId":16083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eacret, Robert J. rjeacret@usgs.gov","contributorId":971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eacret","given":"Robert","email":"rjeacret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Slaugh, Bradley A. baslaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaugh","given":"Bradley","email":"baslaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Swenson, Robert L.","contributorId":64697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howells, James H. jhowells@usgs.gov","contributorId":969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howells","given":"James","email":"jhowells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Christiansen, Howard K.","contributorId":47830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Fisher, Martel J. mjfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Martel","email":"mjfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70171817,"text":"pp1717H - 2007 - The question of recharge to the deep thermal reservoir underlying the geysers and hot springs of Yellowstone National Park: Chapter H in Integrated geoscience studies in Integrated geoscience studies in the Greater Yellowstone Area—Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes in the Yellowstone geoecosystem","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70171817,"text":"pp1717H - 2007 - The question of recharge to the deep thermal reservoir underlying the geysers and hot springs of Yellowstone National Park: Chapter H in Integrated geoscience studies in Integrated geoscience studies in the Greater Yellowstone Area—Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes in the Yellowstone geoecosystem","indexId":"pp1717H","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"The question of recharge to the deep thermal reservoir underlying the geysers and hot springs of Yellowstone National Park: Chapter H in Integrated geoscience studies in Integrated geoscience studies in the Greater Yellowstone Area—Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes in the Yellowstone geoecosystem"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":80744,"text":"pp1717 - 2007 - Integrated geoscience studies in the Greater Yellowstone Area - Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes in the Yellowstone geoecosystem","indexId":"pp1717","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Integrated geoscience studies in the Greater Yellowstone Area - Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes in the Yellowstone geoecosystem"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":80744,"text":"pp1717 - 2007 - Integrated geoscience studies in the Greater Yellowstone Area - Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes in the Yellowstone geoecosystem","indexId":"pp1717","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Integrated geoscience studies in the Greater Yellowstone Area - Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes in the Yellowstone geoecosystem"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-06T13:46:47","indexId":"pp1717H","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1717","chapter":"H","title":"The question of recharge to the deep thermal reservoir underlying the geysers and hot springs of Yellowstone National Park: Chapter H in Integrated geoscience studies in Integrated geoscience studies in the Greater Yellowstone Area—Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes in the Yellowstone geoecosystem","docAbstract":"The extraordinary number, size, and unspoiled beauty of the geysers and hot springs of Yellowstone National Park (the Park) make them a national treasure. The hydrology of these special features and their relation to cold waters of the Yellowstone area are poorly known. In the absence of deep drill holes, such information is available only indirectly from isotope studies. The δD-δ18O values of precipitation and cold surface-water and ground-water samples are close to the global meteoric water line (Craig, 1961). δD values of monthly samples of rain and snow collected from 1978 to 1981 at two stations in the Park show strong seasonal variations, with average values for winter months close to those for cold waters near the collection sites. δD values of more than 300 samples from cold springs, cold streams, and rivers collected during the fall from 1967 to 1992 show consistent north-south and east-west patterns throughout and outside of the Park, although values at a given site vary by as much as 8 ‰ from year to year. These data, along with hot-spring data (Truesdell and others, 1977; Pearson and Truesdell, 1978), show that ascending Yellowstone thermal waters are modified isotopically and chemically by a variety of boiling and mixing processes in shallow reservoirs. Near geyser basins, shallow recharge waters from nearby rhyolite plateaus dilute the ascending deep thermal waters, particularly at basin margins, and mix and boil in reservoirs that commonly are interconnected. Deep recharge appears to derive from a major deep thermal-reservoir fluid that supplies steam and hot water to all geyser basins on the west side of the Park and perhaps in the entire Yellowstone caldera. This water (T ≥350°C; δD = –149±1 ‰) is isotopically lighter than all but the farthest north, highest altitude cold springs and streams and a sinter-producing warm spring (δD = –153 ‰) north of the Park. Derivation of this deep fluid solely from present-day recharge is problematical. The designation of source areas depends on assumptions about the age of the deep water, which in turn depend on assumptions about the nature of the deep thermal system. Modeling, based on published chloride-flux studies of thermal waters, suggests that for a 0.5- to 4-km-deep reservoir the residence time of most of the thermal water could be less than 1,900 years, for a piston-flow model, to more than 10,000 years, for a well-mixed model. For the piston-flow model, the deep system quickly reaches the isotopic composition of the recharge in response to climate change. For this model, stable-isotope data and geologic considerations suggest that the most likely area of recharge for the deep thermal water is in the northwestern part of the Park, in the Gallatin Range, where major north-south faults connect with the caldera. This possible recharge area for the deep thermal water is at least 20 km, and possibly as much as 70 km, from outflow in the thermal areas, indicating the presence of a hydrothermal system as large as those postulated to have operated around large, ancient igneous intrusions. For this model, the volume of isotopically light water infiltrating in the Gallatin Range during our sampling period is too small to balance the present outflow of deep water. This shortfall suggests that some recharge possibly occurred during a cooler time characterized by greater winter precipitation, such as during the Little Ice Age in the 15th century. However, this scenario requires exceptionally fast flow rates of recharge into the deep system. For the well-mixed model, the composition of the deep reservoir changes slowly in response to climate change, and a significant component of the deep thermal water could have recharged during Pleistocene glaciation. The latter interpretation is consistent with the recent discovery of warm waters in wells and springs in southern Idaho that have δD values 10–20 ‰ lower than the winter snow for their present-day high-level recharge. These waters have been interpreted to be Pleistocene in age (Smith and others, 2002). The well-mixed model permits a significant component of recharge water for the deep system to have δD values less negative than –150 ‰ and consequently for the deep system recharge to be closer to the caldera at a number of possible localities in the Park.
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","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2006GC001455","issn":"1525-2027","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., 2007, A user-friendly one-dimensional model for wet volcanic plumes: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 8, no. 3, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001455.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gc001455","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6435e4b07e28b6683450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}