Birds face challenges in how they allocate energy during the reproductive season. Most temperate zone species do not breed and molt at the same time, presumably because of the high energy demands of these two activities (Espie et al. 1996 and citations therein). However, representatives of at least four raptor genera are known to molt during the nesting season (Schmutz and Schmutz 1975, Newton and Marquiss 1982, Schmutz 1992, Espie et al. 1996). Molt strategies vary among raptor species depending on prey abundance, migration strategies, and the relative costs of reproduction. Sexually-dimorphic raptors typically have different roles in parenting, which result in different strategies for energy allocation. Male and female Eurasian Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), for example, exhibit different molt patterns and mass changes during the breeding season (Village 1990). Prairie Falcons (Falco mexicanus) are similar to Eurasian Kestrels in that males provide most of the prey to females and young during the first part of the nesting season (Holthuijzen 1990), but no published data exist on molt patterns or mass changes in Prairie Falcons. Reliable information about raptor molt and morphometrics has important implications for modeling energetics and for understanding the role of sexes in raising young. Such knowledge also has practical application for distinguishing sexes of raptors and for determining appropriate size limits of transmitters used for telemetry studies. In this paper, we report on morphometric characteristics useful in distinguishing sexes of Prairie Falcons captured during several breeding seasons in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA), and we assess changes in mass and molt status through the nesting season.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[71:SDMSAB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Steenhof, K., and McKinley, J.O., 2006, Size dimorphism, molt status, and body mass variation of Prairie Falcons nesting in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 40, no. 1, p. 71-75, https://doi.org/10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[71:SDMSAB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"75","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[71:sdmsab]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.44134521484375,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -116.67755126953125,\n 43.323179587489086\n ],\n [\n -116.6748046875,\n 43.15710884095329\n ],\n [\n -116.49902343749999,\n 42.98656732912335\n ],\n [\n -115.8837890625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -115.6475830078125,\n 42.79741601927622\n ],\n [\n -115.46905517578124,\n 42.8699254870066\n ],\n [\n -115.38116455078125,\n 42.94436044696629\n ],\n [\n -115.40313720703125,\n 43.032760685832\n ],\n [\n -115.5047607421875,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -115.87554931640624,\n 43.281204464332745\n ],\n [\n -116.04858398437499,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -116.26007080078125,\n 43.46288733737437\n ],\n [\n -116.44134521484375,\n 43.48481212891603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61142ee4b06e28e9c25880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinley, James O.","contributorId":176823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028682,"text":"70028682 - 2006 - Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028682","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"Soft mast is an important resource for many wild populations in the Southern Appalachians, yet the way clear-cutting affects availability of soft mast though time is not fully understood. We tested a theoretical model of temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts using empirical data on percent cover and berry production of Gaylussacia, Vaccinium, and Rubus spp. plants in 100 stands that were clearcut (0-122 years old) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. We modeled the relationship between soft mast availability and stand age, evaluated the effects of topography and forest type on soft mast, developed statistical models for predicting the spatio-temporal distribution of soft mast, and tested the hypothesis that percent cover of berry plants and berry production provided similar information about soft mast availability. We found temporal dynamics explained berry production better than it predicted percent plant cover, whereas topographic variables influenced percent plant cover more than they influenced berry production. Berry production and percent plant cover were highest in ???2-9-year-old stands. Percent plant cover was lowest in 10-69-year-old stands and intermediate in 70+-year-old stands. Three of our spatio-temporal models performed well during model testing and they were not biased by the training data, indicating the inferences about spatio-temporal availability of soft mast extended beyond our sample data. The methods we used to estimate the distribution of soft mast may be useful for modeling distributions of other resources. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Reynolds-Hogland, M.J., Mitchell, M., and Powell, R.A., 2006, Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 237, no. 1-3, p. 103-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035.","startPage":"103","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209949,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035"},{"id":236715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c7e4b08c986b31ac43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds-Hogland, M. J.","contributorId":57647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds-Hogland","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, R. A.","contributorId":41789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031176,"text":"70031176 - 2006 - Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T21:45:01.845269","indexId":"70031176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","docAbstract":"Rainy Lake, Minnesota-Ontario, contains a native population of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) that has gone largely unstudied. The objective of this descriptive study was to summarize generalized Lake Sturgeon movement patterns through the use of biotelemetry. Telemetry data reinforced the high utilization of the Squirrel Falls geographic location by Lake Sturgeon, with 37% of the re-locations occurring in that area. Other spring aggregations occurred in areas associated with Kettle Falls, the Pipestone River, and the Rat River, which could indicate spawning activity. Movement of Lake Sturgeon between the Seine River and the South Arm of Rainy Lake indicates the likelihood of one integrated population on the east end of the South Arm. The lack of re-locations in the Seine River during the months of September and October may have been due to Lake Sturgeon moving into deeper water areas of the Seine River and out of the range of radio telemetry gear or simply moving back into the South Arm. Due to the movements between Minnesota and Ontario, coordination of management efforts among provincial, state, and federal agencies will be important.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Adams, W., Kallemeyn, L., and Willis, D., 2006, Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 120, no. 1, p. 71-82, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rainy Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.7957763671875,\n 48.17707562779612\n ],\n [\n -93.40576171875,\n 48.17707562779612\n ],\n [\n -93.40576171875,\n 48.50204750525715\n ],\n [\n -93.7957763671875,\n 48.50204750525715\n ],\n [\n -93.7957763671875,\n 48.17707562779612\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4154e4b0c8380cd65495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":23489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kallemeyn, L.W.","contributorId":44864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033576,"text":"70033576 - 2006 - Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033576","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California","docAbstract":"Success Dam is a zonedearth fill embankment located near Porterville, CA. Studies of Success Dam by the recent Dam Safety Assurance Program (DSAP) have demonstrated the potential for seismic instability and large deformation of the dam due to relatively low levels of earthquake shaking. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted several phases of investigations to determine the properties of the dam and its underlying foundation. Detailed engineering studies have been applied using a large number of analytical techniques to estimate the response of the dam and foundation system when subjected to earthquake loading. Although a large amount of data have been acquired, most are 'point' data from borings and results have to be extrapolated between the borings. Geophysical techniques were applied to image the subsurface to provide a better understanding of the spatial distribution of key units that potentially impact the stability. Geophysical investigations employing seismic refraction tomography, direct current (DC) resistivity, audio magnetotellurics (AMT) and self-potential (SP) were conducted across the location of the foundation of a new dam proposed to replace the existing one. Depth to bedrock and the occurrence of beds potentially susceptible to liquefaction were the focus of the investigations. Seismic refraction tomography offers a deep investigation of the foundation region and looks at compressional and shear properties of the material. Whereas resistivity surveys determines conductivity relationships in the shallow subsurface and can produce a relatively high-resolution image of geological units with different electrical properties. AMT was applied because it has the potential to look considerably deeper than the other methods, is useful for confirming depth to bedrock, and can be useful in identifying deep seated faults. SP is a passive electrical method that measures the electrical streaming potential in the subsurface that responds to the movement of ground water. SP surveys were conducted at low pool and high pool conditions in order to look for evidence of seepage below the existing dam. In this paper, we summarize these techniques, present their results at Success Dam, and discuss general application of these techniques for investigating dams and their foundations.","largerWorkTitle":"Association of State Dam Safety Officials - Dam Safety 2006, Proceedings from the 2006 Annual Conference","conferenceTitle":"2006 Annual Conference on Dam Safety","conferenceDate":"10 September 2008 through 14 September 2008","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hunter, L.E., Powers, M., Haines, S., Asch, T., Burton, B., and Serafini, D., 2006, Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California, in Association of State Dam Safety Officials - Dam Safety 2006, Proceedings from the 2006 Annual Conference, Boston, MA, 10 September 2008 through 14 September 2008.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2820e4b0c8380cd59e60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, L. E.","contributorId":100207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, S. 0000-0003-2611-8165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":13052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, T.","contributorId":95709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burton, B.L.","contributorId":93983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Serafini, D.C.","contributorId":56459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serafini","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030451,"text":"70030451 - 2006 - L1C signal design options","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030451","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"L1C signal design options","docAbstract":"Design activities for a new civil signal centered at 1575.42 MHz, called L1C, began in 2003, and the Phase 1 effort was completed in 2004. The L1C signal design has evolved and matured during a Phase 2 design activity that began in 2005. Phase 2 has built on the initial design activity, guided by responses to international user surveys conducted during Phase 1. A common core of signal characteristics has been developed to provide advances in robustness and performance. The Phase 2 activity produced five design options, all drawing upon the core signal characteristics, while representing different blends of characteristics and capabilities. A second round of international user surveys was completed to solicit advice concerning these design options. This paper provides an update of the L1C design process, and describes the current L1C design options. Initial performance estimates are presented for each design option, displaying trades between signal tracking robustness, the speed and robustness of clock and ephemeris data, and the rate and robustness of other data message contents. Planned remaining activities are summarized, leading to optimization of the L1C design.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting 2006, NTM","conferenceDate":"18 January 2006 through 20 January 2006","conferenceLocation":"Monterey, CA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Betz, J., Cahn, C., Dafesh, P., Hegarty, C., Hudnut, K., Jones, A., Keegan, R., Kovach, K., Lenahan, L., Ma, H., Rushanan, J., Stansell, T., Wang, C., and Yi, S., 2006, L1C signal design options, in Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting, v. 2, Monterey, CA, 18 January 2006 through 20 January 2006, p. 685-697.","startPage":"685","endPage":"697","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40d2e4b0c8380cd65082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betz, J.W.","contributorId":7484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betz","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahn, C.R.","contributorId":86556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahn","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dafesh, P.A.","contributorId":98937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dafesh","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hegarty, C.J.","contributorId":26501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hegarty","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudnut, K.W.","contributorId":25179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, A.J.","contributorId":78151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keegan, R.","contributorId":49170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keegan","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kovach, K.","contributorId":69348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lenahan, L.S.","contributorId":107916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenahan","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ma, H.H.","contributorId":47959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rushanan, J.J.","contributorId":26129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rushanan","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stansell, T.A.","contributorId":38761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stansell","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wang, C.C.","contributorId":22956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Yi, S.K.","contributorId":35108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yi","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70196019,"text":"70196019 - 2006 - Gas hydrate potential of the mid Atlantic outer continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:22:10","indexId":"70196019","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1641,"text":"Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrate potential of the mid Atlantic outer continental shelf","docAbstract":"For the last two years, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) has been studying the resource potential of gas hydrates in federal offshore lands of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) off the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific, and Alaska in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Naval Research Lab (NRL) and academia. Utilizing its extensive seismic, well, and geochemical databases, the MMS will be reporting the in-place resource numbers within the next few months. Though the methodology of the study was not prospect oriented, discrete prospects have been recognized.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Shedd, W.W., and Hutchinson, D.R., 2006, Gas hydrate potential of the mid Atlantic outer continental shelf: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 6, no. 3, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"},{"id":352469,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/methane%20hydrates/HMNewsFall06.pdf#page=8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff01fae4b0da30c1bfcc3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedd, William W.","contributorId":31310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031139,"text":"70031139 - 2006 - The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T13:28:52","indexId":"70031139","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)","docAbstract":"Exposure to dioxin-like chemicals that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) can result in increased cellular and tissue production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Little is known of these effects during early fish development. We used the fish model, Fundulus heteroclitus, to determine if the AHR ligand and pro-oxidant 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) can increase ROS production during killifish development, and to test a novel method for measuring ROS non-invasively in a living organism. The superoxide-sensitive fluorescent dye, dihydroethidium (DHE), was used to detect in ovo ROS production microscopically in developing killifish exposed to PCB126 or vehicle. Both in ovo CYP1A activity (ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, EROD) and in ovo ROS were induced by PCB126. In ovo CYP1A activity was inducible by PCB126 concentrations as low as 0.003 nM, with maximal induction occurring at 0.3 nM PCB126. These PCB126 concentrations also significantly increased in ovo ROS production in embryonic liver, ROS being detectable as early as 5 days post-fertilization. These data demonstrate that the pro-oxidant and CYP1A inducer, PCB126, increases both CYP1A activity and ROS production in developing killifish embryos. The superoxide detection assay (SoDA) described in this paper provides a semi-quantitative, easily measured, early indicator of altered ROS production that can be used in conjunction with simultaneous in ovo measurements of CYP1A activity and embryo development to explore functional relationships among biochemical, physiological and developmental responses to AHR ligands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Arzuaga, X., Wassenberg, D., Giulio, R.D., and Elskus, A., 2006, The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 76, no. 1, p. 13-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa32e4b08c986b322762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arzuaga, Xabier","contributorId":107923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arzuaga","given":"Xabier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenberg, Deena","contributorId":107924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassenberg","given":"Deena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giulio, Richard D.","contributorId":42029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giulio","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028484,"text":"70028484 - 2006 - Thermal maturity patterns in the Ordovician and Devonian of Pennsylvania using conodont color alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028484","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal maturity patterns in the Ordovician and Devonian of Pennsylvania using conodont color alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro)","docAbstract":"This new series of maps enhances previous thermal maturity maps in Pennsylvania by establishing: 1) new subsurface CAI data points for the Ordovician and Devonian and 2) new %Ro and Rock Eval subsurface data points for Middle and Upper Devonian black shale units. Thermal maturity values for the Ordovician and Devonian strata are of major interest because they contain the source rocks for most of the oil and natural gas resources in the basin. Thermal maturity patterns of the Middle Ordovician Trenton Group are evaluated here because they closely approximate those of the overlying Ordovician Utica Shale that is believed to be the source rock for the regional oil and gas accumulation in Lower Silurian sandstones and for natural gas fields in fractured dolomite reservoirs of the Ordovician Black River-Trenton Limestones. Improved CAI-based thermal maturity maps of the Ordovician are important to identify areas of optimum gas generation from the Utica Shale and to provide constraints for interpreting the origin of oil and gas in the Lower Silurian regional accumulation and Ordovician Black River-Trenton fields. Thermal maturity maps of the Devonian will better constrain burial history-petroleum generation models of the Utica Shale, as well as place limitations on the origin of regional oil and gas accumulations in Upper Devonian sandstone and Middle to Upper Devonian black shale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Repetski, J., Ryder, R.T., Harper, J., and Trippi, M., 2006, Thermal maturity patterns in the Ordovician and Devonian of Pennsylvania using conodont color alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro): Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 28, no. 3, p. 266-294.","startPage":"266","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb249e4b08c986b3256cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, J.A.","contributorId":41982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trippi, M.H. 0000-0002-1398-3427","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":22445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028270,"text":"70028270 - 2006 - Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028270","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","docAbstract":"We model the rainfall-induced initiation of shallow landslides over a broad region using a deterministic approach, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-stability (TRIGRS) model that couples an infinite-slope stability analysis with a one-dimensional analytical solution for transient pore pressure response to rainfall infiltration. This model permits the evaluation of regional shallow landslide susceptibility in a Geographic Information System framework, and we use it to analyze susceptibility to shallow landslides in an area in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy. As shown on a landslide inventory map produced by the Italian National Research Council, the area has been affected in the past by shallow landslides, many of which have transformed into debris flows. Input data for the TRIGRS model include time-varying rainfall, topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water table depth, and material strength and hydraulic properties. Because of a paucity of input data, we focus on parametric analyses to calibrate and test the model and show the effect of variation in material properties and initial water table conditions on the distribution of simulated instability in the study area in response to realistic rainfall. Comparing the results with the shallow landslide inventory map, we find more than 80% agreement between predicted shallow landslide susceptibility and the inventory, despite the paucity of input data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0","issn":"1612510X","usgsCitation":"Salciarini, D., Godt, J., Savage, W.Z., Conversini, P., Baum, R., and Michael, J.A., 2006, Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy: Landslides, v. 3, no. 3, p. 181-194, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0.","startPage":"181","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0"},{"id":237238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c21e4b0c8380cd6fa6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salciarini, D.","contributorId":59255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salciarini","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conversini, P.","contributorId":59307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conversini","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028301,"text":"70028301 - 2006 - Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028301","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models","docAbstract":"This paper describes a data assimilation method that uses observations of snow covered area (SCA) to update hydrologic model states in a mountainous catchment in Colorado. The assimilation method uses SCA information as part of an ensemble Kalman filter to alter the sub-basin distribution of snow as well as the basin water balance. This method permits an optimal combination of model simulations and observations, as well as propagation of information across model states. Sensitivity experiments are conducted with a fairly simple snowpack/water-balance model to evaluate effects of the data assimilation scheme on simulations of streamflow. The assimilation of SCA information results in minor improvements in the accuracy of streamflow simulations near the end of the snowmelt season. The small effect from SCA assimilation is initially surprising. It can be explained both because a substantial portion of snowmelts before any bare ground is exposed, and because the transition from 100% to 0% snow coverage occurs fairly quickly. Both of these factors are basin-dependent. Satellite SCA information is expected to be most useful in basins where snow cover is ephemeral. The data assimilation strategy presented in this study improved the accuracy of the streamflow simulation, indicating that SCA is a useful source of independent information that can be used as part of an integrated data assimilation strategy. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.001","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Slater, A., Barrett, A., Hay, L., McCabe, G., Rajagopalan, B., and Leavesley, G., 2006, Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models: Advances in Water Resources, v. 29, no. 8, p. 1209-1221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.001.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1221","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.001"},{"id":237169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8ce4b0c8380cd49dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, A.G.","contributorId":100601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrett, A.P.","contributorId":18564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rajagopalan, B.","contributorId":86947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028074,"text":"70028074 - 2006 - Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028074","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans","docAbstract":"Principal components analysis (PCA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are used to identify the primary modes of decadal and multidecadal variability in annual global Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) values and sea-surface temperature (SSTs). The PDSI and SST data for 1925-2003 were detrended and smoothed (with a 10-year moving average) to isolate the decadal and multidecadal variability. The first two principal components (PCs) of the PDSI PCA explained almost 38% of the decadal and multidecadal variance in the detrended and smoothed global annual PDSI data. The first two PCs of detrended and smoothed global annual SSTs explained nearly 56% of the decadal variability in global SSTs. The PDSI PCs and the SST PCs are directly correlated in a pairwise fashion. The first PDSI and SST PCs reflect variability of the detrended and smoothed annual Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), as well as detrended and smoothed annual Indian Ocean SSTs. The second set of PCs is strongly associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The SVD analysis of the cross-covariance of the PDSI and SST data confirmed the close link between the PDSI and SST modes of decadal and multidecadal variation and provided a verification of the PCA results. These findings indicate that the major modes of multidecadal variations in SSTs and land-surface climate conditions are highly interrelated through a small number of spatially complex but slowly varying teleconnections. Therefore, these relations may be adaptable to providing improved baseline conditions for seasonal climate forecasting. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Climatology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/joc.1289","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Palecki, M., 2006, Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans: International Journal of Climatology, v. 26, no. 7, p. 849-865, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1289.","startPage":"849","endPage":"865","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1289"},{"id":237328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a601fe4b0c8380cd712e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palecki, M.A.","contributorId":74489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palecki","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028255,"text":"70028255 - 2006 - Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: A tool for ecological and botanical studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028255","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: A tool for ecological and botanical studies","docAbstract":"??? Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectra of plant leaves display complex absorption features related to organic constituents of leaf surfaces. The spectra can be recorded rapidly, both in the field and in the laboratory, without special sample preparation. ??? This paper explores sources of ATR spectral variation in leaves, including compositional, positional and temporal variations. Interspecific variations are also examined, including the use of ATR spectra as a tool for species identification. ??? Positional spectral variations generally reflected the abundance of cutin and the epicuticular wax thickness and composition. For example, leaves exposed to full sunlight commonly showed more prominent cutin- and wax-related absorption features compared with shaded leaves. Adaxial vs. abaxial leaf surfaces displayed spectral variations reflecting differences in trichome abundance and wax composition. Mature vs. young leaves showed changes in absorption band position and intensity related to cutin, polysaccharide, and possibly amorphous silica development on and near the leaf surfaces. ??? Provided that similar samples are compared (e.g. adaxial surfaces of mature, sun-exposed leaves) same-species individuals display practically identical ATR spectra. Using spectral matching procedures to analyze an ATR database containing 117 individuals, including 32 different tree species, 83% of the individuals were correctly identified. ?? The Authors (2006).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Phytologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x","issn":"0028646X","usgsCitation":"Ribeiro da Luz, B., 2006, Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: A tool for ecological and botanical studies: New Phytologist, v. 172, no. 2, p. 305-318, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x.","startPage":"305","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487560,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x"},{"id":237025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eed1e4b0c8380cd49fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribeiro da Luz, B.","contributorId":28423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribeiro da Luz","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028253,"text":"70028253 - 2006 - Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T09:59:29","indexId":"70028253","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","docAbstract":"The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method was used to delineate a fault zone and gently dipping sedimentary bedrock at a site overlain by several meters of regolith. Seismic data were collected rapidly and inexpensively using a towed 30-channel land streamer and a rubberband-accelerated weight-drop seismic source. Data processed using the MASW method imaged the subsurface to a depth of about
A 3D seismic velocity and attenuation model is developed for Santa Clara Valley, California, and its surrounding uplands to predict ground motions from scenario earthquakes. The model is developed using a variety of geologic and geophysical data. Our starting point is a 3D geologic model developed primarily from geologic mapping and gravity and magnetic surveys. An initial velocity model is constructed by using seismic velocities from boreholes, reflection/refraction lines, and spatial autocorrelation microtremor surveys. This model is further refined and the seismic attenuation is estimated through waveform modeling of weak motions from small local events and strong-ground motion from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Waveforms are calculated to an upper frequency of 1 Hz using a parallelized finite-difference code that utilizes two regions with a factor of 3 difference in grid spacing to reduce memory requirements. Cenozoic basins trap and strongly amplify ground motions. This effect is particularly strong in the Evergreen Basin on the northeastern side of the Santa Clara Valley, where the steeply dipping Silver Creek fault forms the southwestern boundary of the basin. In comparison, the Cupertino Basin on the southwestern side of the valley has a more moderate response, which is attributed to a greater age and velocity of the Cenozoic fill. Surface waves play a major role in the ground motion of sedimentary basins, and they are seen to strongly develop along the western margins of the Santa Clara Valley for our simulation of the Loma Prieta earthquake.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120050243","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Harmsen, S., Williams, R.A., Carver, D., Frankel, A., Choy, G., Liu, P., Jachens, R., Brocher, T., and Wentworth, C., 2006, Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1851-1881, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050243.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1881","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050243"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -122.2283935546875,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.651611328125,\n 36.672824886786564\n ],\n [\n -121.17370605468749,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 37.54457732085582\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdae4b0c8380cd6f858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, S.","contributorId":79600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carver, D.","contributorId":22792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Choy, G.","contributorId":93691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, P.-C.","contributorId":25339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028252,"text":"70028252 - 2006 - Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T11:08:07","indexId":"70028252","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus","docAbstract":"Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is used as indicator species for contaminant effects at areas of concern (AOC) in the Great Lakes and other areas. One of the beneficial use impairments at numerous AOC is 'fish tumors and other deformities'. An impairment occurs when the prevalence of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds those at unimpacted or control sites or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver lesions in bullhead or white sucker Catostomus commersonii. Numerous surveys have been conducted over the years assessing neoplasia in these fishes, both liver and skin tumors. However, a major problem in comparing the results has been a lack of consistent criteria for evaluating histological changes in bullhead livers. As individual AOC develop and implement remedial action plans, realistic and attainable delisting targets need to be specified. For this to occur and be consistent from site to site there must be standardization of the criteria being used to evaluate specific impairments. In this report, specific diagnostic criteria are provided for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic proliferative hepatocellular and biliary lesions. These criteria should assist fish pathologists in describing and categorizing proliferative liver lesions from brown bullhead. ?? Inter-Research 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Fournie, J., Wolf, J., and Wolfe, M., 2006, Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 72, no. 1, p. 19-30.","productDescription":"p.19-30","startPage":"19","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265914,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2006/72/d072p019.pdf"},{"id":236955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009de4b0c8380cd4f813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fournie, J.W.","contributorId":83463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournie","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, J.C.","contributorId":19338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, M.J.","contributorId":30187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028278,"text":"70028278 - 2006 - A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:55:16","indexId":"70028278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a 16-year time series of vegetation condition information for the conterminous United States and Alaska using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The AVHRR data have been processed using consistent methods that account for radiometric variability due to calibration uncertainty, the effects of the atmosphere on surface radiometric measurements obtained from wide field-of-view observations, and the geometric registration accuracy. The conterminous United States and Alaska data sets have an atmospheric correction for water vapor, ozone, and Rayleigh scattering and include a cloud mask derived using the Clouds from AVHRR (CLAVR) algorithm. In comparison with other AVHRR time series data sets, the conterminous United States and Alaska data are processed using similar techniques. The primary difference is that the conterminous United States and Alaska data are at 1 km resolution, while others are at 8 km resolution. The time series consists of weekly and biweekly maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) composites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J., 2006, A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1027-1035, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1035","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.9.1027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeff","contributorId":95156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028286,"text":"70028286 - 2006 - Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","docAbstract":"A model for simulating freshwater mussel population dynamics is presented. The model is a hydroinformatics tool that integrates principles from ecology, river hydraulics, fluid mechanics and sediment transport, and applies the individual-based modelling approach for simulating population dynamics. The general model layout, data requirements, and steps of the simulation process are discussed. As an illustration, simulation results from an application in a 10 km reach of the Upper Mississippi River are presented. The model was used to investigate the spatial distribution of mussels and the effects of food competition in native unionid mussel communities, and communities infested by Dreissena polymorpha, the zebra mussel. Simulation results were found to be realistic and coincided with data obtained from the literature. These results indicate that the model can be a useful tool for assessing the potential effects of different stressors on long-term population dynamics, and consequently, may improve the current understanding of cause and effect relationships in freshwater mussel communities. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Morales, Y., Weber, L., Mynett, A., and Newton, T., 2006, Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities: Ecological Modelling, v. 197, no. 3-4, p. 448-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018.","startPage":"448","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018"},{"id":236921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60dfe4b0c8380cd71713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morales, Y.","contributorId":47961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morales","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, L.J.","contributorId":79988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mynett, A.E.","contributorId":31188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mynett","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028131,"text":"70028131 - 2006 - Spatial modeling of biological soil crusts to support rangeland assessment and monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028131","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial modeling of biological soil crusts to support rangeland assessment and monitoring","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts are a diverse soil surface community, prevalent in semiarid regions, which function as ecosystem engineers and perform numerous important ecosystem services. Loss of crusts has been implicated as a factor leading to accelerated soil erosion and other forms of land degradation. To support assessment and monitoring efforts aimed at ensuring the sustainability of rangeland ecosystems, managers require spatially explicit information concerning potential cover and composition of biological soil crusts. We sampled low disturbance sites in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Utah, USA) to determine the feasibility of modeling the potential cover and composition of biological soil crusts in a large area. We used classification and regression trees to model cover of four crust types (light cyanobacterial, dark cyanobacterial, moss, lichen) and 1 cyanobacterial biomass proxy (chlorophyll a), based upon a parsimonious set of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) data layers (soil types, precipitation, and elevation). Soil type was consistently the best predictor, although elevation and precipitation were both invoked in the various models. Predicted and observed values for the dark cyanobacterial, moss, and lichen models corresponded moderately well (R 2 = 0.49, 0.64, 0.55, respectively). Cover of late successional crust elements (moss + lichen + dark cyanobacterial) was also successfully modeled (R2 = 0.64). We were less successful with models of light cyanobacterial cover (R2 = 0.22) and chlorophyll a (R2 = 0.09). We believe that our difficulty modeling chlorophyll a concentration is related to a severe drought and subsequent cyanobacterial mortality during the course of the study. These models provide the necessary reference conditions to facilitate the comparison between the actual cover and composition of biological soil crusts at a given site and their potential cover and composition condition so that sites in poor condition can be identified and management actions can be taken.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2111/05-179R1.1","issn":"15507424","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Belnap, J., and Miller, M.E., 2006, Spatial modeling of biological soil crusts to support rangeland assessment and monitoring: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 59, no. 5, p. 519-529, https://doi.org/10.2111/05-179R1.1.","startPage":"519","endPage":"529","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210308,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/05-179R1.1"},{"id":237192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9487e4b08c986b31ab4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028298,"text":"70028298 - 2006 - Distribution of spawning activity by anadromous fishes in an atlantic slope drainage after removal of a low-head dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028298","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of spawning activity by anadromous fishes in an atlantic slope drainage after removal of a low-head dam","docAbstract":"In 1998, the Quaker Neck Dam was removed from the Neuse River near Goldsboro, North Carolina, restoring access to more than 120 km of potential main-stem spawning habitat and 1,488 km of potential tributary spawning habitat to anadromous fishes. We used plankton sampling and standardized electrofishing to examine the extent to which anadromous fishes utilized this restored spawning habitat in 2003 and 2004. Evidence of spawning activity was detected upstream of the former dam site for three anadromous species: American shad Alosa sapidissima, hickory shad A. mediocris, and striped bass Morone saxatilis. The percentages of eggs and larvae collected in the restored upstream habitat were greater in 2003, when spring flows were high, than in 2004. River reaches where spawning occurred were estimated from egg stage and water velocity data. Spawning of American shad and striped bass occurred primarily in main-stem river reaches that were further upstream during the year of higher spring flows. Hickory shad generally spawned in downstream reaches and in tributaries above and below the former dam site. These results demonstrate that anadromous fishes will take advantage of upper basin spawning habitat restored through dam removal as long as instream flows are adequate to facilitate upstream migration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-190.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., and Hightower, J., 2006, Distribution of spawning activity by anadromous fishes in an atlantic slope drainage after removal of a low-head dam: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 5, p. 1290-1300, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-190.1.","startPage":"1290","endPage":"1300","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477491,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/t05-190.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-190.1"},{"id":237137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0302e4b0c8380cd502cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, S. M.","contributorId":78043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028193,"text":"70028193 - 2006 - Numerical modeling of magnetic moments for UXO applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028193","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical modeling of magnetic moments for UXO applications","docAbstract":"The surface magnetic anomaly observed in UXO clearance is mainly dipolar and, consequently, the dipole is the only magnetic moment regularly recovered in UXO applications. The dipole moment contains information about intensity of magnetization but lacks information about shape. In contrast, higher-order moments, such as quadrupole and octupole, encode asymmetry properties of the magnetization distribution within the buried targets. In order to improve our understanding of magnetization distribution within UXO and non-UXO objects and its potential utility in UXO clearance, we present a 3D numerical modeling study for highly susceptible metallic objects. The basis for the modeling is the solution of a nonlinear integral equation describing magnetization within isolated objects. A solution for magnetization distribution then allows us to compute magnetic moments of the object, analyze their relationships, and provide a depiction of the surface anomaly produced by different moments within the object. Our modeling results show significant high-order moments for more asymmetric objects situated at depths typical of UXO burial, and suggest that the increased relative contribution to magnetic gradient data from these higher-order moments may provide a practical tool for improved UXO discrimination.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Targets and Backgrounds XII: Characterization and Representation","conferenceDate":"17 April 2006 through 18 April 2006","conferenceLocation":"Kissimmee, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.664959","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819462950; 9780819462954","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, V., Li, Y., Nabighian, M., and Wright, D., 2006, Numerical modeling of magnetic moments for UXO applications, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6239, Kissimmee, FL, 17 April 2006 through 18 April 2006, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.664959.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210234,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.664959"},{"id":237094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6239","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68fae4b0c8380cd73acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, V.","contributorId":107407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nabighian, M.","contributorId":83286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.","contributorId":6158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028249,"text":"70028249 - 2006 - Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028249","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) approximations, usually based on computed potential ET (PET) and diverse PET-to-ET conceptualizations, are routinely used in hydrologic analyses. This study presents an approach to incorporate measured (actual) ET data, increasingly available using micrometeorological methods, to define the adequacy of ET approximations for hydrologic simulation. The approach is demonstrated at a site where eddy correlation-measured ET values were available. A baseline hydrologic model incorporating measured ET values was used to evaluate the sensitivity of simulated water levels, subsurface recharge, and surface runoff to error in four ET approximations. An annually invariant pattern of mean monthly vegetation coefficients was shown to be most effective, despite the substantial year-to-year variation in measured vegetation coefficients. The temporal variability of available water (precipitation minus ET) at the humid, subtropical site was largely controlled by the relatively high temporal variability of precipitation, benefiting the effectiveness of coarse ET approximations, a result that is likely to prevail at other humid sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., 2006, Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 42, no. 3, p. 699-711, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x.","startPage":"699","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x"},{"id":236917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6f3e4b0c8380cd47748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028246,"text":"70028246 - 2006 - Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028246","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data","docAbstract":"The Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized study area, approximately 10??km in diameter, is underlain by a central zone of hydrothermally altered rocks associated with Cu-Au mineralization. The surrounding country rocks are a variable mixture of unaltered volcanic rocks, fluvial deposits, and eolian quartz sand. Analysis of 15-band Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data of the study area, aided by laboratory spectral reflectance and spectral emittance measurements of field samples, shows that phyllically altered rocks are laterally extensive, and contain localized areas of argillically altered rocks. In the visible through shortwave-infrared (VNIR + SWIR) phyllically altered rocks are characterized by Al-OH absorption in ASTER band 6 because of molecular vibrations in muscovite, whereas argillically altered rocks have an absorption feature in band 5 resulting from alunite. Propylitically altered rocks form a peripheral zone and are present in scattered exposures within the main altered area. Chlorite and muscovite cause distinctive absorption features at 2.33 and 2.20????m, respectively, although less intense 2.33????m absorption is also present in image spectra of country rocks. Important complementary lithologic information was derived by analysis of the spectral emittance data in the 5 thermal-infrared (TIR) bands. Silicified rocks were not distinguished in the 9 VNIR + SWIR bands because of the lack of diagnostic spectral absorption features in quartz in this wavelength region. Quartz-bearing surficial deposits, as well as hydrothermally silicified rocks, were mapped in the TIR bands by using a band 13/band 12 ratio image, which is sensitive to the intensity of the quartz reststrahlen feature. Improved distinction between the quartzose surficial deposits and silicified bedrock was achieved by using matched-filter processing with TIR image spectra for reference. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.014","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Schmidt, R.G., and Mars, J., 2006, Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 104, no. 1, p. 74-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.014.","startPage":"74","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.014"},{"id":236848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02dae4b0c8380cd50217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, R. G.","contributorId":107690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mars, J.C.","contributorId":74833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}