{"pageNumber":"926","pageRowStart":"23125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70030491,"text":"70030491 - 2006 - Modeling decadal timescale interactions between surface water and ground water in the central Everglades, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:36:12","indexId":"70030491","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling decadal timescale interactions between surface water and ground water in the central Everglades, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Surface-water and ground-water flow are coupled in the central Everglades, although the remoteness of this system has hindered many previous attempts to quantify interactions between surface water and ground water. We modeled flow through a 43,000 ha basin in the central Everglades called Water Conservation Area 2A. The purpose of the model was to quantify recharge and discharge in the basin's vast interior areas. The presence and distribution of tritium in ground water was the principal constraint on the modeling, based on measurements in 25 research wells ranging in depth from 2 to 37 m. In addition to average characteristics of surface-water flow, the model parameters included depth of the layer of 'interactive' ground water that is actively exchanged with surface water, average residence time of interactive ground water, and the associated recharge and discharge fluxes across the wetland ground surface. Results indicated that only a relatively thin (8 m) layer of the 60 m deep surfical aquifer actively exchanges surface water and ground water on a decadal timescale. The calculated storage depth of interactive ground water was 3.1 m after adjustment for the porosity of peat and sandy limestone. Modeling of the tritium data yielded an average residence time of 90 years in interactive ground water, with associated recharge and discharge fluxes equal to 0.01 cm d -1. 3H/3He isotopic ratio measurements (which correct for effects of vertical mixing in the aquifer with deeper, tritium-dead water) were available from several wells, and these indicated an average residence time of 25 years, suggesting that residence time was overestimated using tritium measurements alone. Indeed, both residence time and storage depth would be expected to be overestimated due to vertical mixing. The estimate of recharge and discharge (0.01 cm d-1) that resulted from tritium modeling therefore is still considered reliable, because the ratio of residence time and storage depth (used to calculated recharge and discharge) is much less sensitive to vertical mixing compared with residence time alone. We conclude that a small but potentially significant component of flow through the Everglades is recharged to the aquifer and stored there for years to decades before discharged back to surface water. Long-term storage of water and solutes in the ground-water system beneath the wetlands has implications for restoration of Everglades water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.024","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Newlin, J., and Krupa, S., 2006, Modeling decadal timescale interactions between surface water and ground water in the central Everglades, Florida, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 320, no. 3-4, p. 400-420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.024.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"400","endPage":"420","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211899,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.024"}],"volume":"320","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bede4b0c8380cd6f8dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newlin, J.T.","contributorId":90099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newlin","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krupa, S.L.","contributorId":17265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krupa","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031139,"text":"70031139 - 2006 - The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T13:28:52","indexId":"70031139","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Exposure to dioxin-like chemicals that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) can result in increased cellular and tissue production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Little is known of these effects during early fish development. We used the fish model,&nbsp;</span><i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i><span>, to determine if the AHR ligand and pro-oxidant 3,3&prime;,4,4&prime;,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) can increase ROS production during killifish development, and to test a novel method for measuring ROS non-invasively in a living organism. The superoxide-sensitive fluorescent dye, dihydroethidium (DHE), was used to detect in ovo ROS production microscopically in developing killifish exposed to PCB126 or vehicle. Both in ovo CYP1A activity (ethoxyresorufin-</span><i>o</i><span>-deethylase, EROD) and in ovo ROS were induced by PCB126. In ovo CYP1A activity was inducible by PCB126 concentrations as low as 0.003&nbsp;nM, with maximal induction occurring at 0.3&nbsp;nM PCB126. These PCB126 concentrations also significantly increased in ovo ROS production in embryonic liver, ROS being detectable as early as 5 days post-fertilization. These data demonstrate that the pro-oxidant and CYP1A inducer, PCB126, increases both CYP1A activity and ROS production in developing killifish embryos. The superoxide detection assay (SoDA) described in this paper provides a semi-quantitative, easily measured, early indicator of altered ROS production that can be used in conjunction with simultaneous in ovo measurements of CYP1A activity and embryo development to explore functional relationships among biochemical, physiological and developmental responses to AHR ligands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Arzuaga, X., Wassenberg, D., Giulio, R.D., and Elskus, A., 2006, The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 76, no. 1, p. 13-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa32e4b08c986b322762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arzuaga, Xabier","contributorId":107923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arzuaga","given":"Xabier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenberg, Deena","contributorId":107924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassenberg","given":"Deena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giulio, Richard D.","contributorId":42029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giulio","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030611,"text":"70030611 - 2006 - Spirit rover localization and topographic mapping at the landing site of Gusev crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T17:06:21","indexId":"70030611","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spirit rover localization and topographic mapping at the landing site of Gusev crater, Mars","docAbstract":"<p>By sol 440, the Spirit rover has traversed a distance of 3.76 km (actual distance traveled instead of odometry). Localization of the lander and the rover along the traverse has been successfully performed at the Gusev crater landing site. We localized the lander in the Gusev crater using two-way Doppler radio positioning and cartographic triangulations through landmarks visible in both orbital and ground images. Additional high-resolution orbital images were used to verify the determined lander position. Visual odometry and bundle adjustment technologies were applied to compensate for wheel slippage, azimuthal angle drift, and other navigation errors (which were as large as 10.5% in the Husband Hill area). We generated topographic products, including 72 ortho maps and three-dimensional (3-D) digital terrain models, 11 horizontal and vertical traverse profiles, and one 3-D crater model (up to sol 440). Also discussed in this paper are uses of the data for science operations planning, geological traverse surveys, surveys of wind-related features, and other science applications.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002483","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Li, R., Archinal, B.A., Arvidson, R.E., Bell, J., Christensen, P.R., Crumpler, L.S., Des Marais, D.J., Di, K., Duxbury, T., Golombek, M., Grant, J., Greeley, R., Guinn, J., Johnson, A.H., Kirk, R.L., Maimone, M., Matthies, L.H., Malin, M., Parker, T., Sims, M.H., Thompson, S.D., Squyres, S.W., and Soderblom, L.A., 2006, Spirit rover localization and topographic mapping at the landing site of Gusev crater, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002483.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002483","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9600e4b08c986b31b23d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Rongxing","contributorId":211216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Rongxing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, Jim","contributorId":210749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, Phillip R.","contributorId":18098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crumpler, Larry S.","contributorId":196268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crumpler","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Des Marais, David J.","contributorId":211218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Des Marais","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Di, Kaichang","contributorId":70531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di","given":"Kaichang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Duxbury, Tom","contributorId":211219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duxbury","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Golombek, Matthew P.","contributorId":93180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"Matthew P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grant, John","contributorId":210872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Guinn, Joe","contributorId":211220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guinn","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Johnson, Aaron H.","contributorId":46971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Maimone, Mark","contributorId":211221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maimone","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Matthies, Larry H.","contributorId":211222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matthies","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Malin, Michael","contributorId":88112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Parker, Timothy","contributorId":88791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sims, Michael H.","contributorId":210519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sims","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Thompson, Shane D.","contributorId":22079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Squyres, Steven W.","contributorId":10537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70030692,"text":"70030692 - 2006 - Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030692","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault","docAbstract":"The conventional model of strain accumulation on a vertical transform fault is a discrete screw dislocation in an elastic half-space with the Burgers vector of the dislocation increasing at the rate of relative plate motion. It would be more realistic to replace that discrete dislocation by a dislocation distribution, presumably a pileup in which the individual dislocations are in equilibrium. The length of the pileup depends upon the applied stress and the amount of slip that has occurred at depth. I argue here that the dislocation pileup (the transition on the fault from no slip to slip at the full plate rate) occupies a substantial portion of the lithosphere thickness. A discrete dislocation at an adjustable depth can reproduce the surface deformation profile predicted by a pileup so closely that it will be difficult to distinguish between the two models. The locking depth (dislocation depth) of that discrete dislocation approximation is substantially (???30%) larger than that (depth to top of the pileup) in the pileup model. Thus, in inverting surface deformation data using the discrete dislocation model, the locking depth in the model should not be interpreted as the true locking depth. Although dislocation pileup models should provide a good explanation of the surface deformation near the fault trace, that explanation may not be adequate at greater distances from the fault trace because approximating the expected horizontally distributed deformation at subcrustal depths by uniform slip concentrated on the fault is not justified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB004021","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., 2006, Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004021.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477385,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb004021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004021"},{"id":239081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0215e4b0c8380cd4fe93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031060,"text":"70031060 - 2006 - The quest for the perfect gravity anomaly: Part 1 - New calculation standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031060","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The quest for the perfect gravity anomaly: Part 1 - New calculation standards","docAbstract":"The North American gravity database together with databases from Canada, Mexico, and the United States are being revised to improve their coverage, versatility, and accuracy. An important part of this effort is revision of procedures and standards for calculating gravity anomalies taking into account our enhanced computational power, modern satellite-based positioning technology, improved terrain databases, and increased interest in more accurately defining different anomaly components. The most striking revision is the use of one single internationally accepted reference ellipsoid for the horizontal and vertical datums of gravity stations as well as for the computation of the theoretical gravity. The new standards hardly impact the interpretation of local anomalies, but do improve regional anomalies. Most importantly, such new standards can be consistently applied to gravity database compilations of nations, continents, and even the entire world. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2370391","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Li, X., Hildenbrand, T., Hinze, W.J., Keller, G.R., Ravat, D., and Webring, M., 2006, The quest for the perfect gravity anomaly: Part 1 - New calculation standards: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 25, no. 1, p. 859-863, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2370391.","startPage":"859","endPage":"863","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211365,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2370391"},{"id":238644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baeeae4b08c986b324414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, X.","contributorId":67635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinze, W. J.","contributorId":52607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinze","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ravat, D.","contributorId":102971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Webring, M.","contributorId":67662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webring","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035659,"text":"70035659 - 2006 - The study of ozone variations in the Las Vegas metropolitan area using remote sensing information and ground observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035659","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The study of ozone variations in the Las Vegas metropolitan area using remote sensing information and ground observations","docAbstract":"Urban development in the Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, has grown rapidly in the past fifty years. Associated with this growth has been a change in landscape from natural cover types to developed urban land mixed with planned vegetation canopy throughout in the metropolitan area. Air quality in the Las Vegas Valley has been affected by increases in anthropogenic emissions and concentrations of carbon monoxide, ozone, and criteria pollutants of particular matter. Ozone concentration in the region is generally influenced by synoptic and mesoscale meteorological conditions, as well as regional transport of pollutants from the western side of Las Vegas. Local influences from ground-level nitrogen oxide emissions and vegetation canopy coverage also affect ozone concentration. Multi-year observational data collected by a network of local air monitoring stations in Clark County, Nevada, indicate that ozone maximums develop in May and June, while minimums exist primarily from November to February. Ozone concentrations are high on the west and northwest sides of the valley. A nighttime ozone reduction in the urban area characterizes the heterogeneous features of spatial distribution for average ozone levels in the Las Vegas urban area. The urban vegetation canopy has a locally positive effect by reducing ozone in urban areas. Decreased ozone levels associated with increased urban development density suggests that the highest ozone concentrations are associated with medium- to low-density urban development in Las Vegas.","largerWorkTitle":"86th AMS Annual Meeting","conferenceTitle":"86th AMS Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"29 January 2006 through 2 February 2006","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., and Crane, M., 2006, The study of ozone variations in the Las Vegas metropolitan area using remote sensing information and ground observations, <i>in</i> 86th AMS Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, 29 January 2006 through 2 February 2006.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb09fe4b08c986b324f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, G. 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":65656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crane, M.","contributorId":86957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031096,"text":"70031096 - 2006 - Relative importance of magnetic moments in UXO clearance applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031096","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative importance of magnetic moments in UXO clearance applications","docAbstract":"Surface magnetic anomaly observed in UXO clearance is mainly dipolar and, as a result, the dipole is the only moment used regularly in UXO applications. The dipole moment contains intensity of magnetization information but lacks shape information. Unlike dipole, higher-order moments, such as quadrupole and octupole, encode asymmetry properties of magnetization distribution within buried targets. In order to improve our understanding of magnetization distribution within UXO and non-UXO objects and its potential utility in UXO clearance, we present results of a 3D numerical modeling study for highly susceptible metallic objects. The basis for modeling is the solution of a nonlinear integral equation, describing magnetization within isolated objects, allowing us to compute magnetic moments of the object, analyze their relationships, and provide a depiction of the surface anomaly produced by the different moments within the object. Our modeling results show significant high-order moments for more asymmetric objects situated at typical UXO burial depths, and suggest that the increased relative contribution to magnetic gradient data from these higher-order moments may provide a practical tool for improved UXO discrimination. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2369777","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, V., Li, Y., Nabighian, M., and Wright, D., 2006, Relative importance of magnetic moments in UXO clearance applications: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 25, no. 1, p. 1381-1385, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2369777.","startPage":"1381","endPage":"1385","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211369,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2369777"},{"id":238648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa685e4b0c8380cd84ecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, V.","contributorId":107407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nabighian, M.","contributorId":83286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.","contributorId":6158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030435,"text":"70030435 - 2006 - Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon dioxide climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70030435","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon dioxide climates","docAbstract":"Desert dust simulations generated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Climate System Model for the current climate are shown to be consistent with present day satellite and deposition data. The response of the dust cycle to last glacial maximum, preindustrial, modern, and doubled-carbon dioxide climates is analyzed. Only natural (non-land use related) dust sources are included in this simulation. Similar to some previous studies, dust production mainly responds to changes in the source areas from vegetation changes, not from winds or soil moisture changes alone. This model simulates a +92%, +33%, and -60% change in dust loading for the last glacial maximum, preindustrial, and doubled-carbon dioxide climate, respectively, when impacts of carbon dioxide fertilization on vegetation are included in the model. Terrestrial sediment records from the last glacial maximum compiled here indicate a large underestimate of deposition in continental regions, probably due to the lack of simulation of glaciogenic dust sources. In order to include the glaciogenic dust sources as a first approximation, we designate the location of these sources, and infer the size of the sources using an inversion method that best matches the available data. The inclusion of these inferred glaciogenic dust sources increases our dust flux in the last glacial maximum from 2.1 to 3.3 times current deposition. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JD006653","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mahowald, N., Muhs, D., Levis, S., Rasch, P., Yoshioka, M., Zender, C., and Luo, C., 2006, Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon dioxide climates: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 111, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006653.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477488,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q3815jn","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212126,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006653"},{"id":239552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f400e4b0c8380cd4ba9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahowald, N. M.","contributorId":22964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahowald","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levis, S.","contributorId":24172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levis","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rasch, P.J.","contributorId":33919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasch","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoshioka, M.","contributorId":22579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshioka","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zender, C.S.","contributorId":30443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zender","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luo, C.","contributorId":52697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030608,"text":"70030608 - 2006 - Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030608","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation","docAbstract":"Oil-prone marine petroleum source rocks contain type I or type II kerogen having Rock-Eval pyrolysis hydrogen indices greater than 600 or 300-600 mg hydrocarbon/g total organic carbon (HI, mg HC/g TOC), respectively. Samples from 29 marine source rocks worldwide that contain mainly type II kerogen (HI = 230-786 mg HC/g TOC) were subjected to open-system programmed pyrolysis to determine the activation energy distributions for petroleum generation. Assuming a burial heating rate of 1??C/m.y. for each measured activation energy distribution, the calculated average temperature for 50% fractional conversion of the kerogen in the samples to petroleum is approximately 136 ?? 7??C, but the range spans about 30??C (???121-151??C). Fifty-two outcrop samples of thermally immature Jurassic Oxford Clay Formation were collected from five locations in the United Kingdom to determine the variations of kinetic response for one source rock unit. The samples contain mainly type I or type II kerogens (HI = 230-774 mg HC/g TOC). At a heating rate of 1??C/m.y., the calculated temperatures for 50% fractional conversion of the Oxford Clay kerogens to petroleum differ by as much as 23??C (127-150??C). The data indicate that kerogen type, as defined by hydrogen index, is not systematically linked to kinetic response, and that default kinetics for the thermal decomposition of type I or type II kerogen can introduce unacceptable errors into numerical simulations. Furthermore, custom kinetics based on one or a few samples may be inadequate to account for variations in organofacies within a source rock. We propose three methods to evaluate the uncertainty contributed by kerogen kinetics to numerical simulations: (1) use the average kinetic distribution for multiple samples of source rock and the standard deviation for each activation energy in that distribution; (2) use source rock kinetics determined at several locations to describe different parts of the study area; and (3) use a weighted-average method that combines kinetics for samples from different locations in the source rock unit by giving the activation energy distribution for each sample a weight proportional to its Rock-Eval pyrolysis S2 yield (hydrocarbons generated by pyrolytic degradation of organic matter). Copyright ?? 2006. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/10140505122","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Walters, C., and Mankiewicz, P., 2006, Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 90, no. 3, p. 387-403, https://doi.org/10.1306/10140505122.","startPage":"387","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/10140505122"},{"id":239460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8de4b0c8380cd52bc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, C.C.","contributorId":102613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankiewicz, P.J.","contributorId":37956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankiewicz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030606,"text":"70030606 - 2006 - Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030606","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography","docAbstract":"Seismic velocity parameters in limited, but heterogeneous volumes can be inferred using a double-difference tomographic algorithm, but to obtain meaningful results accuracy must be maintained at every step of the computation. MONTEILLER et al. (2005) have devised a double-difference tomographic algorithm that takes full advantage of the accuracy of cross-spectral time-delays of large correlated event sets. This algorithm performs an accurate computation of theoretical travel-time delays in heterogeneous media and applies a suitable inversion scheme based on optimization theory. When applied to Kilauea Volcano, in Hawaii, the double-difference tomography approach shows significant and coherent changes to the velocity model in the well-resolved volumes beneath the Kilauea caldera and the upper east rift. In this paper, we first compare the results obtained using MONTEILLER et al.'s algorithm with those obtained using the classic travel-time tomographic approach. Then, we evaluated the effect of using data series of different accuracies, such as handpicked arrival-time differences (\"picking differences\"), on the results produced by double-difference tomographic algorithms. We show that picking differences have a non-Gaussian probability density function (pdf). Using a hyperbolic secant pdf instead of a Gaussian pdf allows improvement of the double-difference tomographic result when using picking difference data. We completed our study by investigating the use of spatially discontinuous time-delay data. ?? Birkha??user Verlag, Basel, 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Got, J., Monteiller, V., Virieux, J., and Okubo, P., 2006, Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 163, no. 2-3, p. 405-430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x.","startPage":"405","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x"},{"id":239424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"163","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b13e4b0c8380cd52560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Got, J.-L.","contributorId":80867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Got","given":"J.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monteiller, V.","contributorId":62409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteiller","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Virieux, J.","contributorId":10617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virieux","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030602,"text":"70030602 - 2006 - Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030602","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century","docAbstract":"Foraminiferal and radionuclide data have been used to investigate environmental change that has occurred within Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the last century. Environmental conditions were evaluated for three time slices; (1) the modern environment as determined by surficial (0-1 cm) sediments, (2) short-core intervals representing approximately 40 years BP, as determined by 137Cs activity, and (3) short-core intervals representing approximately 120 years BP, as determined by 210Pb activity. Cluster analysis distinguished four foraminiferal assemblages at the surface (0-1 cm): (1) Marsh Biofacies, (2) Estuarine Biofacies A, (3) Estuarine Biofacies B, and (4) Marine Biofacies. The Marsh Biofacies is characterized by typical marsh foraminifera such as Tiphotrocha comprimata, Trochammina inflata, Miliammina fusca and Haplophragmoides wilberti. Estuarine Biofacies A is distinguished from Estuarine Biofacies B by the greater relative abundance of the agglutinated species Ammotium salsum and Ammobaculites crassus in the former and the greater relative abundance of Elphidium excavatum in the latter. The Marine Biofacies is comprised completely of calcareous foraminifera (e.g., Elphidium excavatum, Hanzawaia strattoni, Cibicides lobatulus, Elphidium subarcticum, Quinqueloculina seminula and Elphidium galvestonense) and is restricted to tidal inlets. Down-core foraminiferal data indicate that approximately 120 years BP, Pamlico Sound was dominated by Estuarine Biofacies A, which is indicative of brackish conditions. Upcore in the 40 years BP and modern time slices, Estuarine Biofacies B is the more prominent assemblage within Pamlico Sound; this is indicative of increased salinity over time. Lowered salinity conditions 120 years BP may be the result of high hurricane activity over a several year period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/36.2.135","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Abbene, I., Culver, S., Corbett, D., Buzas, M., and Tully, L., 2006, Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.2113/36.2.135.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477645,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.579.1399","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/36.2.135"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02d1e4b0c8380cd501f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbene, I.J.","contributorId":44349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbene","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culver, S.J.","contributorId":53970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corbett, D.R.","contributorId":73791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buzas, M.A.","contributorId":58018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buzas","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tully, L.S.","contributorId":107494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tully","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030999,"text":"70030999 - 2006 - Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T09:04:37","indexId":"70030999","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars","docAbstract":"<p>Excavating into the shallow Martian subsurface has the potential to expose stratigraphic layers and mature regolith, which may hold a record of more ancient aqueous interactions than those expected under current Martian surface conditions. During the Spirit rover's exploration of Gusev crater, rover wheels were used to dig three trenches into the subsurface regolith down to 6-11 cm depth: Road Cut, the Big Hole, and The Boroughs. A high oxidation state of Fe and high concentrations of Mg, S, Cl, and Br were found in the subsurface regolith within the two trenches on the plains, between the Bonneville crater and the foot of Columbia Hills. Data analyses on the basis of geochemistry and mineralogy observations suggest the deposition of sulfate minerals within the subsurface regolith, mainly Mg-sulfates accompanied by minor Ca-sulfates and perhaps Fe-sulfates. An increase of Fe2O3, an excess of SiO2, and a minor decrease in the olivine proportion relative to surface materials are also inferred. Three hypotheses are proposed to explain the geochemical trends observed in trenches: (1) multiple episodes of acidic fluid infiltration, accompanied by in situ interaction with igneous minerals and salt deposition; (2) an open hydrologic system characterized by ion transportation in the fluid, subsequent evaporation of the fluid, and salt deposition; and (3) emplacement and mixing of impact ejecta of variable composition. While all three may have plausibly contributed to the current state of the subsurface regolith, the geochemical data are most consistent with ion transportation by fluids and salt deposition as a result of open-system hydrologic behavior. Although sulfates make up &gt;20 wt.% of the regolith in the wall of The Boroughs trench, a higher hydrated sulfate than kieserite within The Boroughs or a greater abundance of sulfates elsewhere than is seen in The Boroughs wall regolith would be needed to hold the structural water indicated by the water-equivalent hydrogen concentration observed by the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on Odyssey in the Gusev region.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002513","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wang, A., Haskin, L., Squyres, S.W., Jolliff, B., Crumpler, L., Gellert, R., Schroder, C., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hurowitz, J., Tosca, N., Farrand, W.H., Anderson, R., and Knudson, A., 2006, Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002513.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002513","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc0e4b08c986b31da54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, A.","contributorId":46735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haskin, L.A.","contributorId":74926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskin","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crumpler, L.","contributorId":59545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hurowitz, J.","contributorId":17742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurowitz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tosca, N.J.","contributorId":17354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosca","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Anderson, R.","contributorId":104191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Knudson, A.T.","contributorId":15746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70031007,"text":"70031007 - 2006 - Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031007","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2764,"text":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska","docAbstract":"A major challenge confronting the scientific community is to understand both patterns of and controls over spatial and temporal variability of carbon exchange between boreal forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An understanding of the sources of variability of carbon processes at fine scales and how these contribute to uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes is relevant to representing these processes at coarse scales. To explore some of the challenges and uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes at fine to coarse scales, we conducted a modeling analysis of canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems of Alaska by scaling empirical hourly models of foliar maintenance respiration (Rm) to estimate canopy foliar Rm for individual stands. We used variation in foliar N concentration among stands to develop hourly stand-specific models and then developed an hourly pooled model. An uncertainty analysis identified that the most important parameter affecting estimates of canopy foliar Rm was one that describes R m at 0??C per g N, which explained more than 55% of variance in annual estimates of canopy foliar Rm. The comparison of simulated annual canopy foliar Rm identified significant differences between stand-specific and pooled models for each stand. This result indicates that control over foliar N concentration should be considered in models that estimate canopy foliar Rm of black spruce stands across the landscape. In this study, we also temporally scaled the hourly stand-level models to estimate canopy foliar Rm of black spruce stands using mean monthly temperature data. Comparisons of monthly Rm between the hourly and monthly versions of the models indicated that there was very little difference between the estimates of hourly and monthly models, suggesting that hourly models can be aggregated to use monthly input data with little loss of precision. We conclude that uncertainties in the use of a coarse-scale model for estimating canopy foliar Rm at regional scales depend on uncertainties in representing needle-level respiration and on uncertainties in representing the spatial variability of canopy foliar N across a region. The development of spatial data sets of canopy foliar N represents a major challenge in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration at regional scales. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11027-006-1015-5","issn":"13812386","usgsCitation":"Zhang, X., McGuire, A., and Ruess, R.W., 2006, Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 11, no. 1, p. 147-174, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-1015-5.","startPage":"147","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-1015-5"},{"id":238775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b871ce4b08c986b316302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, X.","contributorId":30193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030440,"text":"70030440 - 2006 - Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: Comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030440","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: Comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA","docAbstract":"In light of recent reductions in sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) emissions mandated by Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, temporal trends and trend coherence in precipitation (1984-2001 and 1992-2001) and surface water chemistry (1992-2001) were determined in two of the most acid-sensitive regions of North America, i.e. the Catskill and Adirondack Mountains of New York. Precipitation chemistry data from six sites located near these regions showed decreasing sulphate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and base cation (CB) concentrations and increasing pH during 1984-2001, but few significant trends during 1992-2001. Data from five Catskill streams and 12 Adirondack lakes showed decreasing trends in SO42- concentrations at all sites, and decreasing trends in NO3-, CB, and H+ concentrations and increasing trends in dissolved organic carbon at most sites. In contrast, acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC increased significantly at only about half the Adirondack lakes and in one of the Catskill streams. Flow correction prior to trend analysis did not change any trend directions and had little effect on SO42- trends, but it caused several significant non-flow-corrected trends in NO3- and ANC to become non-significant, suggesting that trend results for flow-sensitive constituents are affected by flow-related climate variation. SO42- concentrations showed high temporal coherence in precipitation, surface waters, and in precipitation-surface water comparisons, reflecting a strong link between S emissions, precipitation SO42- concentrations, and the processes that affect S cycling within these regions. NO3- and H+ concentrations and ANC generally showed weak coherence, especially in surface waters and in precipitation-surface water comparisons, indicating that variation in local-scale processes driven by factors such as climate are affecting trends in acid-base chemistry in these two regions. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.5961","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., McHale, M., Driscoll, C.T., and Roy, K.M., 2006, Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: Comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1611-1627, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5961.","startPage":"1611","endPage":"1627","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211722,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5961"},{"id":239066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa6ee4b0c8380cd86322","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHale, M.R.","contributorId":66442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roy, K. M.","contributorId":52710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030442,"text":"70030442 - 2006 - A method for mapping corn using the US Geological Survey 1992 National Land Cover Dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:54:41","indexId":"70030442","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1313,"text":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for mapping corn using the US Geological Survey 1992 National Land Cover Dataset","docAbstract":"<p><span>Long-term exposure to elevated nitrate levels in community drinking water supplies has been associated with an elevated risk of several cancers including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, colon cancer, and bladder cancer. To estimate human exposure to nitrate, specific crop type information is needed as fertilizer application rates vary widely by crop type. Corn requires the highest application of nitrogen fertilizer of crops grown in the Midwest US. We developed a method to refine the US Geological Survey National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) (including map and original Landsat images) to distinguish corn from other crops. Overall average agreement between the resulting corn and other row crops class and ground reference data was 0.79&nbsp;kappa coefficient with individual Landsat images ranging from 0.46 to 0.93&nbsp;kappa. The highest accuracies occurred in Regions where corn was the single dominant crop (greater than 80.0%) and the crop vegetation conditions at the time of image acquisition were optimum for separation of corn from all other crops. Factors that resulted in lower accuracies included the accuracy of the NLCD map, accuracy of corn areal estimates, crop mixture, crop condition at the time of Landsat overpass, and Landsat scene anomalies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2005.11.003","issn":"01681699","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, S., Nuckols, J., and Ward, M., 2006, A method for mapping corn using the US Geological Survey 1992 National Land Cover Dataset: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, v. 51, no. 1-2, p. 54-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2005.11.003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2005.11.003"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e455e4b0c8380cd465b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, S.K.","contributorId":36665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuckols, J.R.","contributorId":85385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuckols","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, M.H.","contributorId":35939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030598,"text":"70030598 - 2006 - Evaluation of the factors controlling the time-dependent inactivation rate coefficients of bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:27:46","indexId":"70030598","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the factors controlling the time-dependent inactivation rate coefficients of bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1","docAbstract":"Static and dynamic batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of temperature and the presence of sand on the inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1. The experimental data suggested that the inactivation process can be satisfactorily represented by a pseudo-first-order expression with time-dependent rate coefficients. The time-dependent rate coefficients were used to determine pertinent thermodynamic properties required for the analysis of the molecular processes involved in the inactivation of each bacteriophage. A combination of high temperature and the presence of sand appears to produce the greatest disruption to the surrounding protein coat of MS2. However, the lower activation energies for PRD1 indicate a weaker dependence of the inactivation rate on temperature. Instead, the presence of air-liquid and air-solid interfaces appears to produce the greatest damage to specific viral components that are related to infection. These results indicate the importance of using thermodynamic parameters based on the time-dependent inactivation model to better predict the inactivation of viruses in groundwater. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es051604b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., and Chrysikopoulos, C., 2006, Evaluation of the factors controlling the time-dependent inactivation rate coefficients of bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 10, p. 3237-3242, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051604b.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3237","endPage":"3242","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211932,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051604b"}],"volume":"40","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ce3e4b0c8380cd52d33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chrysikopoulos, C.V.","contributorId":16214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrysikopoulos","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031095,"text":"70031095 - 2006 - Time-lapse seismic study of levees in southern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031095","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-lapse seismic study of levees in southern New Mexico","docAbstract":"The primary objective of this work was to measure changes in compressional- (Vp) and shear-wave (Vs) velocities in an earthen levee during a ponding experiment designed to simulate flood conditions on the Rio Grande in south New Mexico. Although similar to such experiment, performed an year earlier on the Rio Grande in south Texas, the levee seismic response results are different. This work was similar to previous Preliminary testing at three levee sites, all within a 1 km radius and each with unique physical, EM, and core characteristics, was completed and a single low-conductivity, highly fractured site was selected for investigation. Several different types of seismic data were recorded. Seismic data analysis techniques appraised included P-refraction tomography and Rayleigh surface-wave analysis using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). P-wave velocity change (decrease) was rapid and isolated to one section within the pool confines, which already had anomalously high velocity most likely related to burrowing animals modification of the levee structure. S-wave velocity change was gradual and could be observed along the whole width of the pond within and below the levee. The results within the levee sand core were consistent with the observations of sand S-wave velocity changed due to saturation. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2370207","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Stimac, N., Ballard, R., Dunbar, J.J., and Smullen, S.S., 2006, Time-lapse seismic study of levees in southern New Mexico: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 25, no. 1, p. 3255-3259, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2370207.","startPage":"3255","endPage":"3259","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2370207"},{"id":238647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3c7e4b08c986b325fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stimac, N.","contributorId":76543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stimac","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballard, R.F. Jr.","contributorId":61637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"R.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunbar, J. Joseph","contributorId":45110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smullen, S. Steve","contributorId":63217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smullen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030925,"text":"70030925 - 2006 - Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations in Pennsylvania streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030925","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations in Pennsylvania streams","docAbstract":"Landscapes influence the capacity of streams to produce trout through their effect on water chemistry and other factors at the reach scale. Trout abundance also fluctuates over time; thus, to thoroughly understand how spatial factors at landscape scales affect trout populations, one must assess the changes in populations over time to provide a context for interpreting the importance of spatial factors. We used data from the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission's fisheries management database to investigate spatial factors that affect the capacity of streams to support brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and to provide models useful for their management. We assessed the relative importance of spatial and temporal variation by calculating variance components and comparing relative standard errors for spatial and temporal variation. We used binary logistic regression to predict the presence of harvestable-length brook trout and multiple linear regression to assess the mechanistic links between landscapes and trout populations and to predict population density. The variance in trout density among streams was equal to or greater than the temporal variation for several streams, indicating that differences among sites affect population density. Logistic regression models correctly predicted the absence of harvestable-length brook trout in 60% of validation samples. The r 2-value for the linear regression model predicting density was 0.3, indicating low predictive ability. Both logistic and linear regression models supported buffering capacity against acid episodes as an important mechanistic link between landscapes and trout populations. Although our models fail to predict trout densities precisely, their success at elucidating the mechanistic links between landscapes and trout populations, in concert with the importance of spatial variation, increases our understanding of factors affecting brook trout abundance and will help managers and private groups to protect and enhance populations of wild brook trout. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-175.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Kocovsky, P., and Carline, R., 2006, Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations in Pennsylvania streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 1, p. 76-88, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-175.1.","startPage":"76","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211328,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-175.1"},{"id":238599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b4ae4b0c8380cd623d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocovsky, P.M.","contributorId":78447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carline, R.F.","contributorId":107444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carline","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030689,"text":"70030689 - 2006 - A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030689","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds","docAbstract":"We present an enhancement of a simulation model to predict annual productivity for Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) and American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla); the model includes effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism. We used species-specific data from the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa to parameterize the model as a case study. The simulation model predicted annual productivity of 2.03 ?? 1.60 SD for Wood Thrushes and 1.56 ?? 1.31 SD for American Redstarts. Our sensitivity analysis showed that high parasitism lowered Wood Thrush annual productivity more than American Redstart productivity, even though parasitism affected individual nests of redstarts more severely. Annual productivity predictions are valuable for habitat managers, but productivity is not easily obtained from field studies. Our model provides a useful means of integrating complex life history parameters to predict productivity for songbirds that experience nest parasitism. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Powell, L., and Knutson, M.G., 2006, A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds: Condor, v. 108, no. 2, p. 292-300, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"292","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477372,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:apmfpm]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212163,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50de4b0c8380cd46ad0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030279,"text":"70030279 - 2006 - Chemical evolution of Miocene wood: Example from the Belchatow brown coal deposit, central Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030279","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical evolution of Miocene wood: Example from the Belchatow brown coal deposit, central Poland","docAbstract":"Miocene conifer wood samples from the Belchatow brown coal deposit in Poland were studied in order to discuss a range of chemical variations that occur as a result of biochemical coalification. Petrographic analysis, ultimate analysis, electron microprobe technique, and FTIR spectroscopy were used in this study. Our data show several progressive trends in functional groups distribution that take place during the wood transformation from group 1 to group 4, such as an overall increase in aromaticity, an increase in lignin/cellulose ratio, and an increase in oxygen functionalities. Other observations include an increase in aliphatic stretching and bending functionalities from groups 1 to 3; followed by a decrease in the wood of group 4; appearance of aliphatic out-of-plane bands in group 3 and increase in group 4; an increase in CH2/CH3 in group 4 compared to the other groups; and decrease in O-H groups in group 4 compared to other groups. These observations, together with other chemical and petrological observations, indicate that the progressive elimination of cellulose and modification of lignin are dominant processes of the wood transformation. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.004","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Drobniak, A., and Mastalerz, M., 2006, Chemical evolution of Miocene wood: Example from the Belchatow brown coal deposit, central Poland: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 157-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.004.","startPage":"157","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.004"},{"id":239262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57ce4b0c8380cd4c251","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drobniak, A.","contributorId":11748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobniak","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030687,"text":"70030687 - 2006 - Demography, genetics, and the value of mixed messages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:22:11","indexId":"70030687","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography, genetics, and the value of mixed messages","docAbstract":"<p><a class=\"ref\">Iverson et al. (2004)</a><span>&nbsp;used estimates of the homing rate for molting adult Harlequin Ducks (</span><i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i><span>) in Alaska to draw inferences about population structure. Homing rates, defined as one minus the ratio of birds recaptured elsewhere to those recaptured at the original banding site, were high (0.95&ndash;1.00) for males and females.&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref\">Iverson et al. (2004)</a><span>&nbsp;concluded that these high rates of homing are indicative of demographic independence among molting groups separated by small distances (tens to hundreds of kilometers) and that conservation efforts should recognize this fine-scale population structure. We re-examined their use of the homing rate, because their assumption of equal detection probability across a wide sampling area could have led to an upward bias in their estimates of site fidelity. As a result, we are hesitant to agree with their conclusion of high adult homing to molting areas and that molt-site fidelity is evidence for demographic independence. Our hesitancy stems from the fact that little is known about juvenile and adult movements within and among years, breeding area origins, and the variation of demographic parameters (e.g., survival and productivity) among molting groups. Furthermore, population genetic data of these molting groups suggest gene flow at both nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Such mixed messages between demographic (i.e., banding) and genetic data are increasingly common in ornithological studies and offer unique opportunities to reassess predictions and make more robust inferences about population structure across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, we stress that it is this broader scale perspective, which combines both demography and genetics, that biologists should seek to quantify and conservation efforts should seek to recognize.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[474:DGATVO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., and Talbot, S.L., 2006, Demography, genetics, and the value of mixed messages: Condor, v. 108, no. 2, p. 474-479, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[474:DGATVO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"479","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487589,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[474:dgatvo]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[474:DGATVO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe8ee4b0c8380cd4edb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031091,"text":"70031091 - 2006 - Mapping stream habitats with a global positioning system: Accuracy, precision, and comparison with traditional methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70031091","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping stream habitats with a global positioning system: Accuracy, precision, and comparison with traditional methods","docAbstract":"We tested the precision and accuracy of the Trimble GeoXT??? global positioning system (GPS) handheld receiver on point and area features and compared estimates of stream habitat dimensions (e.g., lengths and areas of riffles and pools) that were made in three different Oklahoma streams using the GPS receiver and a tape measure. The precision of differentially corrected GPS (DGPS) points was not affected by the number of GPS position fixes (i.e., geographic location estimates) averaged per DGPS point. Horizontal error of points ranged from 0.03 to 2.77 m and did not differ with the number of position fixes per point. The error of area measurements ranged from 0.1% to 110.1% but decreased as the area increased. Again, error was independent of the number of position fixes averaged per polygon corner. The estimates of habitat lengths, widths, and areas did not differ when measured using two methods of data collection (GPS and a tape measure), nor did the differences among methods change at three stream sites with contrasting morphologies. Measuring features with a GPS receiver was up to 3.3 times faster on average than using a tape measure, although signal interference from high streambanks or overhanging vegetation occasionally limited satellite signal availability and prolonged measurements with a GPS receiver. There were also no differences in precision of habitat dimensions when mapped using a continuous versus a position fix average GPS data collection method. Despite there being some disadvantages to using the GPS in stream habitat studies, measuring stream habitats with a GPS resulted in spatially referenced data that allowed the assessment of relative habitat position and changes in habitats over time, and was often faster than using a tape measure. For most spatial scales of interest, the precision and accuracy of DGPS data are adequate and have logistical advantages when compared to traditional methods of measurement. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-004-0270-z","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Dauwalter, D., Fisher, W., and Belt, K., 2006, Mapping stream habitats with a global positioning system: Accuracy, precision, and comparison with traditional methods: Environmental Management, v. 37, no. 2, p. 271-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0270-z.","startPage":"271","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0270-z"},{"id":238612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5076e4b0c8380cd6b6d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dauwalter, D.C.","contributorId":91687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauwalter","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, W.L.","contributorId":87713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belt, K.C.","contributorId":7497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belt","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031089,"text":"70031089 - 2006 - Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:50:15","indexId":"70031089","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence","docAbstract":"New major and trace element analyses and Sr-isotope determinations of rocks from Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano produced from 25 ky BP to 1944 AD are part of an extensive database documenting the geochemical evolution of this classic region. Volcanic rocks include silica undersaturated, potassic and ultrapotassic lavas and tephras characterized by variable mineralogy and different crystal abundance, as well as by wide ranges of trace element contents and a wide span of initial Sr-isotopic compositions. Both the degree of undersaturation in silica and the crystal content increase through time, being higher in rocks produced after the eruption at 472 AD (Pollena eruption). Compositional variations have been generally thought to reflect contributions from diverse types of mantle and crust. Magma mixing is commonly invoked as a fundamental process affecting the magmas, in addition to crystal fractionation. Our assessment of geochemical and Sr-isotopic data indicates that compositional variability also reflects the influence of crustal contamination during magma evolution during upward migration to shallow crustal levels and/or by entrapment of crystal mush generated during previous magma storage in the crust. Using a variant of the assimilation fractional crystallization model (Energy Conservation-Assimilation Fractional Crystallization; [Spera and Bohrson, 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic processes I: General model and energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) formulation. J. Petrol. 999-1018]; [Bohrson, W.A. and Spera, F.J., 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic process II: application of energy-constrained assimilation-fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) model to magmatic systems. J. Petrol. 1019-1041]) we estimated the contributions from the crust and suggest that contamination by carbonate rocks that underlie the volcano (2 km down to 9-10 km) is a fundamental process controlling magma compositions at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius in the last 8 ky BP. Contamination in the mid- to upper crust occurred repeatedly, after the magma chamber waxed with influx of new mantle- and crustal-derived magmas and fluids, and waned as a result of magma withdrawal and production of large and energetic plinian and subplinian eruptions. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Piochi, M., Ayuso, R., de Vivo, B., and Somma, R., 2006, Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence: LITHOS, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 303-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009.","startPage":"303","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009"},{"id":238576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcd9e4b0c8380cd4e47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piochi, M.","contributorId":55204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piochi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Somma, R.","contributorId":72977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somma","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030445,"text":"70030445 - 2006 - Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030445","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches","docAbstract":"We developed, and applied in two sites, novel methods to measure ground water-borne nitrogen loads to receiving estuaries from plumes resulting from land disposal of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. In addition, we quantified nitrogen losses from WWTP effluent during transport through watersheds. WWTP load to receiving water was estimated as the difference between total measured ground water-transported nitrogen load and modeled load from major nitrogen sources other than the WWTP. To test estimated WWTP loads, we applied two additional methods. First, we quantified total annual waste water nitrogen load from watersheds based on nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of primary producers in receiving water. Second, we used published data on ground water nitrogen concentrations in an array of wells to estimate dimensions of the plume and quantify the annual mass of nitrogen transported within the plume. Loss of nitrogen during transport through the watershed was estimated as the difference between the annual mass of nitrogen applied to watersheds as treatment plant effluent and the estimated nitrogen load reaching receiving water. In one plume, we corroborated our estimated nitrogen loss in watersheds using data from multiple-level sampling wells to calculate the loss of nitrogen relative to a conservative tracer. The results suggest that nitrogen from the plumes is discharging to the estuaries but that substantial nitrogen loss occurs during transport through the watersheds. The measured vs. modeled and stable isotopic approaches, in comparison to the plume mapping approach, may more reliably quantify ground water-transported WWTP loads to estuaries. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00130.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Kroeger, K., Cole, M.L., York, J., and Valiela, I., 2006, Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 188-200, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00130.x.","startPage":"188","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211782,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00130.x"},{"id":239136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66e9e4b0c8380cd7307c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Marci L.","contributorId":101071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Marci","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"York, J.K.","contributorId":10616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valiela, I.","contributorId":29146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valiela","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030682,"text":"70030682 - 2006 - Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030682","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","docAbstract":"We have numerically modeled evolving fluid pressures and concentrations from a nine-year in situ osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota. These data were obtained and recently interpreted by one of us (C.E.N.) as indicating a potentially significant role for chemical osmosis in media like the Pierre Shale. That analysis considered only the final pressure differentials among boreholes that were assumed to represent osmotic equilibrium. For this study, the system evolution was modeled using a recently developed transient model for membrane transport. The model simulates hydraulically and chemically driven fluid and solute transport. The results yield an estimate of the thickness of the water film between the clay platelets b of 40 A??, which corresponds to an osmotic efficiency ?? of 0.21 for the ambient pore water salinity of 3.5 g/l TDS. These values largely confirm the results of the earlier equilibrium analysis. However, the new model analysis provides additional constraints suggesting that intrinsic permeability k = 1.4 ?? 10-19 m2, specific storage Ss = 1.7 ?? 10-5 m-1, and diffusion coefficient D* = 6 ?? 10-11 m2/s. The k value is larger than certain independent estimates which range from 10-21 to 10-20; it may indicate opening of microcracks during the experiments. The fact that the complex transient pressure and concentration behavior for the individual wells could be reproduced quite accurately, and the inferred parameter values appear to be realistic for the Pierre Shale, suggests that the new model is a useful tool for modeling transient coupled flows in groundwater systems. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Garavito, A., Kooi, H., and Neuzil, C., 2006, Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota: Advances in Water Resources, v. 29, no. 3, p. 481-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004.","startPage":"481","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004"},{"id":239532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f4e4b0c8380cd73aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garavito, A.M.","contributorId":68108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garavito","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kooi, H.","contributorId":83336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kooi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}