The zonation of macrobenthic infauna on the South Texas Outer Continental Shelf is related to water depth and sediment facies. Five zones can be defined by species distribution and density, diversity, equitability, and biogenic sedimentary structures.
The numbers of species and individuals per unit area correlate locally with substrate characteristics (particularly sand-to-mud ratios). Sandier substrates have more species and individuals than muddier ones. In the study area, sand-to-mud ratios generally decrease as water depth increases. Consequently, the numbers of species and individuals decrease away from land.
Diversity (H\") is higher in sandier substrates than in muddier substrates. Overall diversity decreases in a seaward direction. Equitability increases as sand-to-mud ratios decrease and thus tends to increase as water depth increases.
Biogenic sedimentary structures on the South Texas Outer Continental Shelf result from the interaction of biologic and geologic processes. The zonation of the structures is useful in overall environmental interpretations of Holocene events and processes. The zonation can be defined in terms of diversity, density, and distribution.
Zonation of biogenic sedimentary structures parallel macrobenthic infaunal zonation. Substrates with diverse and dense biogenic sedimentary structures are associated with diverse, dense macrobenthic infaunal assemblages. The distribution of biogenic sedimentary structures is similar to the distribution of sediment types. Diversity and density of biogenic sedimentary structures decrease away from land. Locally, individual biogenic sedimentary structures become more obvious and distinct in finer sediments and deeper water.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81823","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, the Soil Conservation Service, and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Kidwell, C., 1981, Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-823, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81823.","productDescription":"38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":141766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0823/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0823/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"North Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidwell, C.C.","contributorId":54998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9613,"text":"ofr8169 - 1981 - Low-flow frequency data for selected stream gaging stations in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T07:15:54","indexId":"ofr8169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-69","title":"Low-flow frequency data for selected stream gaging stations in Florida","docAbstract":"This report contains tables of low-flow frequency data for 161 stream-gaging stations in Florida. The selected stations represent those having suitable flow records spanning 7 or more years. Flow values representing the annual minimum average flow for selected periods ranging from 1 to 183 days are presented for recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 50 years. The low-flow frequency data of relatively short-term stations were adjusted where possible on basis of records of long-term stations to reduce the possible bias introduced by short-term climatic trends. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8169","usgsCitation":"Hughes, G., 1981, Low-flow frequency data for selected stream gaging stations in Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-69, ix, 110 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8169.","productDescription":"ix, 110 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":275907,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0069/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64874c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, G.H.","contributorId":73975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9290,"text":"ofr811066 - 1981 - Statistical summaries of streamflow and water-quality data for streams of western North Dakota, 1977-80","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:55:18","indexId":"ofr811066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1066","title":"Statistical summaries of streamflow and water-quality data for streams of western North Dakota, 1977-80","docAbstract":"Statistics for the streamflow and water-quality data collected at 67 stations in western North Dakota from October 1977 through September 1980 are presented in a format that will make the data more useful to those who are making water-resources planning and development decisions. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811066","usgsCitation":"Haffield, N.D., 1981, Statistical summaries of streamflow and water-quality data for streams of western North Dakota, 1977-80: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1066, v, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811066.","productDescription":"v, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":141205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr811066.jpg"},{"id":310506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1066/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Burke County, Burleigh County, Divide County, McLean 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81111","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Hosom, D.S., and Butman, B., 1981, The Sea Data 651-4 data logger: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-111, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81111.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403969,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0111/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0111/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosom, David S.","contributorId":64257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosom","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10855,"text":"ofr81519 - 1981 - Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in central California for April 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-22T20:37:26.820664","indexId":"ofr81519","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-519","title":"Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in central California for April 1979","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81519","usgsCitation":"Riley, L., and Lester, F., 1981, Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in central California for April 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-519, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81519.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429164,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0519/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0519/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.34027612654012,\n 38.574054330823486\n ],\n [\n -123.34027612654012,\n 35.1589453364994\n ],\n [\n -117.92106816883191,\n 35.1589453364994\n ],\n [\n -117.92106816883191,\n 38.574054330823486\n ],\n [\n -123.34027612654012,\n 38.574054330823486\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c897","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, L.M.","contributorId":25949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lester, F.W.","contributorId":10767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lester","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9299,"text":"ofr8276 - 1981 - Velocity observations of the Chattahoochee River at Atlanta, Georgia, September 28, 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T15:02:58.728525","indexId":"ofr8276","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-76","title":"Velocity observations of the Chattahoochee River at Atlanta, Georgia, September 28, 1981","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr8276","usgsCitation":"Hale, T., 1981, Velocity observations of the Chattahoochee River at Atlanta, Georgia, September 28, 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-76, iv, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8276.","productDescription":"iv, 64 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0076/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.56794738769531,\n 33.736902846767954\n ],\n [\n -84.43748474121094,\n 33.736902846767954\n ],\n [\n -84.43748474121094,\n 33.866424604507536\n ],\n [\n -84.56794738769531,\n 33.866424604507536\n ],\n [\n -84.56794738769531,\n 33.736902846767954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6022d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, T.W.","contributorId":43763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9691,"text":"ofr81669 - 1981 - A laboratory study of some physical properties of sulfide ores in igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Burnt Nubble area, Somerset County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr81669","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-669","title":"A laboratory study of some physical properties of sulfide ores in igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Burnt Nubble area, Somerset County, Maine","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81669","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.R., and Anderson, L.A., 1981, A laboratory study of some physical properties of sulfide ores in igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Burnt Nubble area, Somerset County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-669, 24 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81669.","productDescription":"24 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0669/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37410,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0669/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gordon R.","contributorId":90725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Lennart A.","contributorId":106111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lennart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9424,"text":"ofr811107 - 1981 - Hydrologic almanac of Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:15","indexId":"ofr811107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1107","title":"Hydrologic almanac of Florida","docAbstract":"This first edition is a ready reference source of information on various facts and features about water in Florida. It is aimed primarily to help bust politicians, writers, agency officials, water managers, planners, consultants, educators, hydrologists, engineers, scientists, and the general public answer questions that arise on comparative and statistical aspects on the hydrology of Florida. It contains statistical comparative data, much of which was especially prepared for the almanac, a glossary of technical terms, tabular material, and conversion factors. Also included is a selective bibliography of 174 reports on water in Florida. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811107","usgsCitation":"Heath, R.C., and Conover, C.S., 1981, Hydrologic almanac of Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1107, xii, 251 ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811107.","productDescription":"xii, 251 ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37134,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heath, Richard C.","contributorId":96263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conover, Clyde Stuart","contributorId":42197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conover","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":46217,"text":"ofr81728L - 1981 - Maps showing interpretation of Landsat imagery of the Bradfield Canal quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:42","indexId":"ofr81728L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-728","chapter":"L","title":"Maps showing interpretation of Landsat imagery of the Bradfield Canal quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81728L","usgsCitation":"Le Compte, J., 1981, Maps showing interpretation of Landsat imagery of the Bradfield Canal quadrangle, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-728, 2 maps ;44 x 50 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81728L.","productDescription":"2 maps ;44 x 50 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":83192,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0728l/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83193,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0728l/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605ae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Le Compte, J. R.","contributorId":41816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le Compte","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9815,"text":"ofr81843 - 1981 - Compound type analysis applied to GC-MS studies of saturated hydrocarbon fractions from geologic samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:16","indexId":"ofr81843","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-843","title":"Compound type analysis applied to GC-MS studies of saturated hydrocarbon fractions from geologic samples","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81843","usgsCitation":"King, J.D., and Anders, D.E., 1981, Compound type analysis applied to GC-MS studies of saturated hydrocarbon fractions from geologic samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-843, 11 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81843.","productDescription":"11 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0843/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37600,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0843/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, J. David","contributorId":55434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, Donald E.","contributorId":35316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9552,"text":"ofr811061 - 1981 - Flow model of Saginaw River near Saginaw, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T10:39:57","indexId":"ofr811061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1061","title":"Flow model of Saginaw River near Saginaw, Michigan","docAbstract":"An unsteady-flow simulation model was applied to a 19.5-mile reach of Saginaw River. The model provides a method of determining instantaneous discharge for flows from -8,000 to 12,000 cubic feet per second. The currently used slope-rating method can be utilized to compute discharge only under steady and high-flow conditions. Unsteady flow frequently occurs in the Saginaw River as a result of lake seiching.
Model computations are based on solution of the continuity and momentum flow equations, on hydraulic characteristics of Saginaw River, and on time-dependent boundary conditions. An implicit, finite-difference technique is used to solve the one-dimensional flow equations. Channel storage and conveyance characteristics were obtained from data collected during a 1979 field survey and through model calibration. Boundary conditions are specified by stage or discharge data at the model extremities. Optionally, wind velocity data are incorporated in the flow simulations.
The model can simulate instantaneous stage and discharge data and summarize or plot the data. Simulations of low-flows are sensitive to small errors in stage data and to gentle breezes. Simulation of high flows for present channel conditions requires additional data and further study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/ofr811061","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., 1981, Flow model of Saginaw River near Saginaw, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1061, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811061.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":141685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1061/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":343667,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.40521240234375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -84.40521240234375,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -84.40521240234375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df2d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9507,"text":"ofr81396 - 1981 - Preliminary geologic map of the Frisco Peak Quadrangle, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9507,"text":"ofr81396 - 1981 - Preliminary geologic map of the Frisco Peak Quadrangle, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah","indexId":"ofr81396","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Frisco Peak Quadrangle, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":66205,"text":"i1573 - 1984 - Geologic map of the Frisco Peak Quadrangle, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah","indexId":"i1573","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Frisco Peak Quadrangle, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":66205,"text":"i1573 - 1984 - Geologic map of the Frisco Peak Quadrangle, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah","indexId":"i1573","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Frisco Peak Quadrangle, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:11","indexId":"ofr81396","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-396","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Frisco Peak Quadrangle, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81396","usgsCitation":"Hintze, L.F., Lemmon, D., and Morris, H.T., 1981, Preliminary geologic map of the Frisco Peak Quadrangle, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-396, 15 p., 1 over-size sheet; scale 1:62,500 ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81396.","productDescription":"15 p., 1 over-size sheet; scale 1:62,500 ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108149,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12026.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12026"}],"scale":"62500","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hintze, Lehi F.","contributorId":104057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintze","given":"Lehi","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemmon, D.M.","contributorId":16007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemmon","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, H. 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