The USGS conducted a geophysical investigation in support of a U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southern Division field‐scale biostimulation pilot project at Anoka County Riverfront Park (ACP), downgradient of the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Fridley, Minnesota. The goal of the pilot project is to evaluate subsurface injection of vegetable oil emulsion (VOE) to stimulate microbial degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. To monitor the emplacement and movement of the VOE and changes in water chemistry resulting from VOE dissolution and/or enhanced biological activity, the USGS acquired cross‐hole radar zero‐offset profiles, traveltime tomograms, and borehole geophysical logs during five site visits over 1.5 years. Analysis of pre‐ and postinjection data sets using petrophysical models developed to estimate VOE saturation and changes in total dissolved solids provides insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of VOE and ground water with altered chemistry. Radar slowness‐difference tomograms and zero‐offset slowness profiles indicate that the VOE remained close to the injection wells, whereas radar attenuation profiles and electromagnetic induction logs indicate that bulk electrical conductivity increased downgradient of the injection zone, diagnostic of changing water chemistry. Geophysical logs indicate that some screened intervals were located above or below zones of elevated dissolved solids; hence, the geophysical data provide a broader context for interpretation of water samples and evaluation of the biostimulation effort. Our results include (1) demonstration of field and data analysis methods for geophysical monitoring of VOE biostimulation and (2) site‐specific insights into the spatial and temporal distributions of VOE at the ACP.
Macro- and molecular-scale knowledge of uranyl (U(VI)) partitioning reactions with soil/sediment mineral components is important in predicting U(VI) transport processes in the vadose zone and aquifers. In this study, U(VI) reactivity and surface speciation on a poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral, synthetic imogolite, were investigated using batch adsorption experiments, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and surface complexation modeling. U(VI) uptake on imogolite surfaces was greatest at pH ∼7–8 (I = 0.1 M NaNO3 solution, suspension density = 0.4 g/L [U(VI)]i = 0.01–30 μM, equilibration with air). Uranyl uptake decreased with increasing sodium nitrate concentration in the range from 0.02 to 0.5 M. XAS analyses show that two U(VI) inner-sphere (bidentate mononuclear coordination on outer-wall aluminol groups) and one outer-sphere surface species are present on the imogolite surface, and the distribution of the surface species is pH dependent. At pH 8.8, bis-carbonato inner-sphere and tris-carbonato outer-sphere surface species are present. At pH 7, bis- and non-carbonato inner-sphere surface species co-exist, and the fraction of bis-carbonato species increases slightly with increasing I (0.1–0.5 M). At pH 5.3, U(VI) non-carbonato bidentate mononuclear surface species predominate (69%). A triple layer surface complexation model was developed with surface species that are consistent with the XAS analyses and macroscopic adsorption data. The proton stoichiometry of surface reactions was determined from both the pH dependence of U(VI) adsorption data in pH regions of surface species predominance and from bond-valence calculations. The bis-carbonato species required a distribution of surface charge between the surface and β charge planes in order to be consistent with both the spectroscopic and macroscopic adsorption data. This research indicates that U(VI)-carbonato ternary species on poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral surfaces may be important in controlling U(VI) mobility in low-temperature geochemical environments over a wide pH range (∼5–9), even at the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of ambient air (pCO2 = 10−3.45 atm).
The Campanian Ignimbrite is a large-volume trachytic to phonolitic ignimbrite that was deposited at ≈39.3 ka and represents one of a number of highly explosive volcanic events that have occurred in the region near Naples, Italy. Thermodynamic modeling using the MELTS algorithm reveals that major element variations are dominated by crystal-liquid separation at 0.15 GPa. Initial dissolved H2O content in the parental melt is ∼3 wt.% and the magmatic system fugacity of oxygen was buffered along QFM+1. Significantly, MELTS results also indicate that the liquid line of descent is marked by a large change in the proportion of melt (from 0.46 to 0.09) at ∼884°C, which leads to a discontinuity in melt composition (i.e., a compositional gap) and different thermodynamic and transport properties of melt and magma across the gap. Crystallization of alkali feldspar and plagioclase dominates the phase assemblage at this pseudo-invariant point temperature of ∼884°C. Evaluation of the variations in the trace elements Zr, Nb, Th, U, Rb, Sm, and Sr using a mass balance equation that accounts for changing bulk mineral-melt partition coefficients as crystallization occurs indicates that crystal-liquid separation and open-system processes were important. Th isotope data yield an apparent isochron that is ∼20 kyr younger than the age of the deposit, and age-corrected Th isotope data indicate that the magma body was an open system at the time of eruption. Because open-system behavior can profoundly change isotopic and elemental characteristics of a magma body, these Th results illustrate that it is critical to understand the contribution that open-system processes make to magmatic systems prior to assigning relevance to age or timescale information derived from such systems. Fluid-magma interaction has been proposed as a mechanism to change isotopic and elemental characteristics of magma bodies, but an evaluation of the mass and thermal constraints on such a process suggests large-scale interaction is unlikely. In the case of the magma body associated with the Campanian Ignimbrite, the most likely source of the open-system signatures is assimilation of partial melts of compositionally heterogeneous basement composed of cumulates and intrusive equivalents of volcanic activity that has characterized the Campanian region for over 300 kyr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80027-6","usgsCitation":"Bohrson, W., Spera, F., Fowler, S.J., Belkin, H., de Vivo, B., and Rolandi, G., 2006, Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data: Developments in Volcanology, v. 9, p. 249-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80027-6.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f463e4b0c8380cd4bcda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohrson, W.A.","contributorId":102092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohrson","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spera, F. J.","contributorId":89315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spera","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, S. J.","contributorId":18586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fowler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rolandi, G.","contributorId":76472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rolandi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030318,"text":"70030318 - 2006 - Morphometric discrimination of early life stage Lampetra tridentata and L richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) from the Columbia river basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:17:00","indexId":"70030318","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2394,"text":"Journal of Morphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometric discrimination of early life stage Lampetra tridentata and L richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) from the Columbia river basin","docAbstract":"The effectiveness of morphometric and meristic characteristics for taxonomic discrimination of Lampetra tridentata and L. richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) during embryological, prolarval, and early larval stages (i.e., age class 1) were examined. Mean chorion diameter increased with time from fertilization to hatch and was significantly greater for L. tridentata than for L. richardsoni at 1, 8, and 15 days postfertilization. Lampetra tridentata larvae had significantly more trunk myomeres than L. richardsoni; however, trunk myomere numbers were highly variable within species and deviated from previously published data. Multivariate examinations of prolarval and larval L. tridentata (7.2-11.0 mm; standard length) and L. richardsoni (6.6-10.8 mm) were conducted based on standard length and truss element lengths established from eight homologous landmarks. Principal components analysis indicated allometric relationships among the morphometric characteristics examined. Changes in body shape were indicated by groupings of morphometric characteristics associated with body regions (e.g., oral hood, branchial region, trunk region, and tail region). Discriminant function analysis using morphometric characteristics was successful in classifying a large proportion (>94.7%) of the lampreys sampled.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jmor.10427","issn":"03622525","usgsCitation":"Meeuwig, M., Bayer, J., and Reiche, R., 2006, Morphometric discrimination of early life stage Lampetra tridentata and L richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) from the Columbia river basin: Journal of Morphology, v. 267, no. 5, p. 623-633, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10427.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"633","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211948,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10427"}],"volume":"267","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e62e4b0c8380cd709dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeuwig, M.H.","contributorId":24741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeuwig","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiche, R.A.","contributorId":68107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiche","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030542,"text":"70030542 - 2006 - New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030542","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida keys","docAbstract":"A highly detailed digitized map depicts 22 benthic habitats in 3140.5 km2 of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Dominant are a seagrass/lime-mud zone (map area 27.5%) throughout Hawk Channel and seagrass/carbonate-sand (18.7%) and bare carbonate-sand (17.3%) zones on the outer shelf and in The Quicksands. A lime-mud/seagrass-covered muddy carbonate-sand zone (9.6%) abuts the keys. Hardbottom communities (13.2%) consist of bare Pleistocene coralline and oolitic limestone, coral rubble, and senile coral reefs. Smaller terrestrial (4.0%) and marine habitats, including those of live coral (patch reefs, 0.7%), account for the rest (13.7%) of the area. Derived from aerial photomosaics, the seabed dataset fits precisely when transposed onto a newly developed National Geophysical Data Center hydrographic-bathymetry map. Combined, the maps point to new information on unstudied seabed morphologies, among them an erosional nearshore rock ledge bordering the seaward side of the Florida Keys and thousands of patch-reef clusters aligned in mid-Hawk Channel. Preliminary indications are that the ledge may represent the seaward extent of the 125-ka Key Largo and Miami Limestone that form the keys, and the patch reefs colonized landward edges of two noncoralline, non-dune-ridge topographic troughs. The troughs, their substrate, and inner-shelf location along the seaward side of the Hawk Channel bedrock depression are the first of that type of nuclei to be recognized in the Florida reef record. Together, the map datasets establish the efficacy and accuracy of using aerial photographs to define in extraordinary detail the seabed features and habitats in a shallow-reef setting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/05A-0023.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., Reich, C., Peterson, R., and Shinn, E., 2006, New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida keys: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 260-282, https://doi.org/10.2112/05A-0023.1.","startPage":"260","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/05A-0023.1"},{"id":239525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e6e4b0c8380cd72c91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reich, C. D. 0000-0002-2534-1456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":36978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, R.L.","contributorId":37151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030969,"text":"70030969 - 2006 - Concurrent assessment of fish and habitat in warmwater streams in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030969","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concurrent assessment of fish and habitat in warmwater streams in Wyoming","docAbstract":"Fisheries research and management in North America have focused largely on sport fishes, but native non-game fishes have attracted increased attention due to their declines. The Warmwater Stream Assessment (WSA) was developed to evaluate simultaneously both fish and habitat in Wyoming streams by a process that includes three major components: (1) stream-reach selection and accumulation of existing information, (2) fish and habitat sampling and (3) summarisation and evaluation of fish and habitat information. Fish are sampled by electric fishing or seining and habitat is measured at reach and channel-unit (i.e. pool, run, riffle, side channel, or backwater) scales. Fish and habitat data are subsequently summarised using a data-matrix approach. Hierarchical decision trees are used to assess critical habitat requirements for each fish species expected or found in the reach. Combined measurements of available habitat and the ecology of individual species contribute to the evaluation of the observed fish assemblage. The WSA incorporates knowledge of the fish assemblage and habitat features to enable inferences of factors likely influencing both the fish assemblage and their habitat. The WSA was developed for warmwater streams in Wyoming, but its philosophy, process and conceptual basis may be applied to environmental assessments in other geographical areas. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2006.00463.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., Hubert, W., and Rahel, F., 2006, Concurrent assessment of fish and habitat in warmwater streams in Wyoming: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 9-20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2006.00463.x.","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211447,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2006.00463.x"},{"id":238738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9b2e4b0c8380cd4d72b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rahel, F.J.","contributorId":82037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahel","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030651,"text":"70030651 - 2006 - Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030651","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004","docAbstract":"Twenty-three snow-course sites in and near Maine, USA, with records spanning at least 50 years through to 2004 were tested for changes over time in snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in March and April. Of the 23 sites, 18 had a significant decrease (Mann-Kendall test, p < 0??1) in snowpack depth or a significant increase in snowpack density over time. Data from four sites in the mountains of western Maine-northern New Hampshire with mostly complete records from 1926 to 2004 indicate that average snowpack depths have decreased by about 16% and densities have increased by about 11%. Average snowpack depths and water equivalents in western Maine-northern New Hampshire peaked in the 1950s and 1960s, and densities peaked in the most recent decade. Previous studies in western North America also found a water-equivalent peak in the third quarter of the 20th century. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6111","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G., and Dudley, R.W., 2006, Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004, in Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 4, p. 741-751, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6111.","startPage":"741","endPage":"751","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6111"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f41ae4b0c8380cd4bb3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, G.A.","contributorId":14022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, R. W.","contributorId":90780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030975,"text":"70030975 - 2006 - Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030975","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area, has caused the occasional loss of human life and millions of dollars in damage to property. The effective management of the hazzard requires an understanding of the rainfall conditions that result in landslides. We present an empirical approach to quantify the antecedent moisture conditions and rainstorm intensity and duration that have triggered shallow landsliding using 25 years of hourly rainfull data and a complementary record of landslide occurrence. Our approach combines a simple water balance to estimate the antecedent moisture conditions of hillslope materials and a rainfall intensity-duration threshold to identify periods when shallow landsliding can be expected. The water balance is calibrated with field-monitoring data and combined with the rainfall intensity-duration threshold using a decision tree. Results are cast in terms of a hypothetical landslide warning system. Two widespread landslide events are correctly identified by the warning scheme; however, it is less accurate for more isolated landsliding. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1237","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Godt, J., Baum, R., and Chleborad, A., 2006, Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 31, no. 1, p. 97-110, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1237.","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1237"},{"id":238837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a945be4b0c8380cd81363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chleborad, A.F.","contributorId":17990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031081,"text":"70031081 - 2006 - Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:45:29","indexId":"70031081","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits","docAbstract":"With the goal of improving property-transfer model (PTM) predictions of unsaturated hydraulic properties, we investigated the influence of sedimentary structure, defined as particle arrangement during deposition, on laboratory-measured water retention (water content vs. potential [θ(ψ)]) of 10 undisturbed core samples from alluvial deposits in the western Mojave Desert, California. The samples were classified as having fluvial or debris-flow structure based on observed stratification and measured spread of particle-size distribution. The θ(ψ) data were fit with the Rossi–Nimmo junction model, representing water retention with three parameters: the maximum water content (θmax), the ψ-scaling parameter (ψo), and the shape parameter (λ). We examined trends between these hydraulic parameters and bulk physical properties, both textural—geometric mean, M g, and geometric standard deviation, σg, of particle diameter—and structural—bulk density, ρb, the fraction of unfilled pore space at natural saturation, A e, and porosity-based randomness index, Φs, defined as the excess of total porosity over 0.3. Structural parameters Φs and A e were greater for fluvial samples, indicating greater structural pore space and a possibly broader pore-size distribution associated with a more systematic arrangement of particles. Multiple linear regression analysis and Mallow's C p statistic identified combinations of textural and structural parameters for the most useful predictive models: for θmax, including A e, Φs, and σg, and for both ψo and λ, including only textural parameters, although use of A e can somewhat improve ψo predictions. Textural properties can explain most of the sample-to-sample variation in θ(ψ) independent of deposit type, but inclusion of the simple structural indicators A e and Φs can improve PTM predictions, especially for the wettest part of the θ(ψ) curve.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2005.0088","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Winfield, K., Nimmo, J., Izbicki, J., and Martin, P.M., 2006, Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 2, p. 706-719, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0088.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0088"},{"id":238975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9dbe4b0c8380cd85ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winfield, K.A.","contributorId":85396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfield","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, P. M.","contributorId":39003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030503,"text":"70030503 - 2006 - Evidence of regional subsidence and associated interior wetland loss induced by hydrocarbon production, Gulf Coast region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030503","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of regional subsidence and associated interior wetland loss induced by hydrocarbon production, Gulf Coast region, USA","docAbstract":"Analysis of remote images, elevation surveys, stratigraphic cross-sections, and hydrocarbon production data demonstrates that extensive areas of wetland loss in the northern Gulf Coast region of the United States were associated with large-volume fluid production from mature petroleum fields. Interior wetland losses at many sites in coastal Louisiana and Texas are attributed largely to accelerated land subsidence and fault reactivation induced by decreased reservoir pressures as a result of rapid or prolonged extraction of gas, oil, and associated brines. Evidence that moderately-deep hydrocarbon production has induced land-surface subsidence and reactivated faults that intersect the surface include: (1) close temporal and spatial correlation of fluid production with surficial changes including rapid subsidence of wetland sediments near producing fields, (2) measurable offsets of shallow strata across the zones of wetland loss, (3) large reductions in subsurface pressures where subsidence rates are high, (4) coincidence of orientation and direction of displacement between surface fault traces and faults that bound the reservoirs, and (5) accelerated subsidence rates near producing fields compared to subsidence rates in surrounding areas or compared to geological rates of subsidence. Based on historical trends, subsidence rates in the Gulf Coast region near producing fields most likely will decrease in the future because most petroleum fields are nearly depleted. Alternatively, continued extraction of conventional energy resources as well as potential production of alternative energy resources (geopressured-geothermal fluids) in the Gulf Coast region could increase subsidence and land losses and also contribute to inundation of areas of higher elevation. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-006-0207-3","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Bernier, J., and Barras, J., 2006, Evidence of regional subsidence and associated interior wetland loss induced by hydrocarbon production, Gulf Coast region, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 261-274, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0207-3.","startPage":"261","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0207-3"},{"id":239487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d6ae4b0c8380cd52fdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernier, J.C.","contributorId":30442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barras, J.A.","contributorId":44260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030331,"text":"70030331 - 2006 - Quantitative estimation of minimum offset for multichannel surface-wave survey with actively exciting source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030331","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative estimation of minimum offset for multichannel surface-wave survey with actively exciting source","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves is a developing method widely used in shallow subsurface investigations. The field procedures and related parameters are very important for successful applications. Among these parameters, the source-receiver offset range is seldom discussed in theory and normally determined by empirical or semi-quantitative methods in current practice. This paper discusses the problem from a theoretical perspective. A formula for quantitatively evaluating a layered homogenous elastic model was developed. The analytical results based on simple models and experimental data demonstrate that the formula is correct for surface wave surveys for near-surface applications. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.002","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Xu, Y., Xia, J., and Miller, R., 2006, Quantitative estimation of minimum offset for multichannel surface-wave survey with actively exciting source: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 59, no. 2, p. 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.002.","startPage":"117","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.002"}],"volume":"59","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9216e4b0c8380cd80649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030643,"text":"70030643 - 2006 - Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030643","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic investigations of fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine sediments exposed in stream cuts, quarry walls, and deep trenches east of the Sierra Nevada in Owens Valley near Lone Pine, California have enabled the reconstruction of pluvial Owens Lake level oscillations. Age control for these sediments is from 22 radiocarbon (14C) dates and the identification and stratigraphic correlation of a tephra, which when plotted as a function of age versus altitude, define numerous oscillations in the level of pluvial Owens Lake during the latest Pleistocene and early Holocene. We have constructed a lake-level altitude curve for the time interval ???27,000 cal yr BP to present that is based on the integration of this new stratigraphic analysis with published surface stratigraphic data and subsurface core data. Pluvial Owens Lake regressed from its latest Pleistocene highstands from ???27,000 to ???15,300 cal yr BP, as recorded by ???15 m of down cutting of the sill from the altitudes of ???1160 to 1145 m. By ???11,600 cal yr BP, the lake had dropped ???45 m from the 1145 m sill. This lowstand was followed by an early Holocene transgression that attained a highstand near 1135 m before dropping to 1120 m at 7860-7650 cal yr BP that had not been recognized in earlier studies. The lake then lowered another ???30 m to shallow and near desiccation levels between ???6850 and 4300 cal yr BP. Fluvial cut-and-fill relations north of Lone Pine and well-preserved shoreline features at ???1108 m indicate a minor lake-level rise after 4300 cal yr BP, followed by alkaline and shallow conditions during the latest Holocene. The new latest Quaternary lake-level record of pluvial Owens Lake offers insight to the hydrologic balance along the east side of the southern Sierra Nevada and will assist regional paleoclimatic models for the western Basin and Range. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Bacon, S., Burke, R.M., Pezzopane, S., and Jayko, A.S., 2006, Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 11-12, p. 1264-1282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1282","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212078,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014"},{"id":239496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44bae4b0c8380cd66d22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, S.N.","contributorId":41636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, R. M.","contributorId":37793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pezzopane, S.K.","contributorId":21575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pezzopane","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030472,"text":"70030472 - 2006 - Regional patterns in the isotopic composition of natural and anthropogenic nitrate in groundwater, High Plains, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T16:14:34","indexId":"70030472","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional patterns in the isotopic composition of natural and anthropogenic nitrate in groundwater, High Plains, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Mobilization of natural nitrate (NO3-) deposits in the subsoil by irrigation water in arid and semiarid regions has the potential to produce large groundwater NO3- concentrations. The use of isotopes to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic NO3- sources in these settings could be complicated by the wide range in δ15N values of natural NO3-. An ∼10 000 year record of paleorecharge from the regionally extensive High Plains aquifer indicates that δ15N values for NO3- derived from natural sources ranged from 1.3 to 12.3‰ and increased systematically from the northern to the southern High Plains. This collective range in δ15N values spans the range that might be interpreted as evidence for fertilizer and animal-waste sources of NO3-; however, the δ15N values for NO3- in modern recharge ( less than 50 years) under irrigated fields were, for the most part, distinctly different from those of paleorecharge when viewed in the overall regional context. An inverse relation was observed between the δ15N[NO3-] values and the NO3-/Cl- ratios in paleorecharge that is qualitatively consistent with fractionating losses of N increasing from north to south in the High Plains. N and O isotope data for NO3- are consistent with both NH3 volatilization and denitrification, having contributed to fractionating losses of N prior to recharge. The relative importance of different isotope fractionating processes may be influenced by regional climate patterns as well as by local variation in soils, vegetation, topography, and moisture conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es052229q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., and Böhlke, J., 2006, Regional patterns in the isotopic composition of natural and anthropogenic nitrate in groundwater, High Plains, U.S.A.: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 9, p. 2965-2970, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052229q.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2965","endPage":"2970","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es052229q"}],"volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a541e4b0e8fec6cdbdbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175936,"text":"70175936 - 2006 - The conservation and population status of the world's waders at the turn of the millennium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:19:34","indexId":"70175936","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"5.2.1","title":"The conservation and population status of the world's waders at the turn of the millennium","docAbstract":"Using information from many sources, but especially data collated for the third edition of Wetlands International’s Waterbird Population Estimates, we review the status of the world’s waders in the late 1990s. There are widespread declines in most regions and biotopes caused principally by loss and degradation of wetland (and other) habitats. On different flyways, between 33%and 68% of populations are in decline, compared with only 0% to 29% increasing. Non-migratory, island species have especially poor status, with about half of all island waders being globally threatened with extinction. Of particular conservation concern is the declining environmental status of several key staging areas,which provide energetic ‘spring-boards’ for long-distance migrants. The degradation of these areas compromises the status of many migrant waders. The rapid collapse of populations, forced below threshold levels, has been predicted theoretically, and now appears to be occurring in a number of rapidly declining populations. Conservation responses must urgently address causes of wetland loss and degradation, as well as enhancing monitoring and research so as better to inform appropriate conservation policies. National and international strategies and conservation instruments have scope to help, but need to be much more strategic in their implementation so as to address root causes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds around the world: A global overview of the conservation, management, and research of the world's waterbird flyways","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The Waterbirds Around the World Conference","conferenceDate":"April 2004","conferenceLocation":"Edinburgh, Scotland","language":"English","publisher":"TSO Scotland Ltd","publisherLocation":"Edinburgh, UK","isbn":"9780114973339","usgsCitation":"Stroud, D.A., Baker, A., Blanco, D., Davidson, N.C., Ganter, B., Gill, R., Gonzalez, P., Haanstra, L., Morrison, R.I., Piersma, T., Scott, D., Thorup, O., West, R., Wilson, J., and Zockler, C., 2006, The conservation and population status of the world's waders at the turn of the millennium, in Waterbirds around the world: A global overview of the conservation, management, and research of the world's waterbird flyways, Edinburgh, Scotland, April 2004, p. 643-648.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"648","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://jncc.defra.gov.uk/worldwaterbirds"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc224fe4b03fd6b7de1782","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boere, Gerard C.","contributorId":111405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boere","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690230,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galbraith, Colin A.","contributorId":113310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690231,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stroud, David A.","contributorId":113852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690232,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Stroud, David A.","contributorId":113852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Andy","contributorId":73053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanco, D.E.","contributorId":173932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanco","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davidson, Nick C.","contributorId":80553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ganter, B.","contributorId":173933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ganter","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gonzalez, P.M.","contributorId":76965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Haanstra, L.","contributorId":173934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haanstra","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morrison, R. I. G.","contributorId":66640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"I. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":95369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Scott, D.","contributorId":94107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thorup, O.","contributorId":173935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorup","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"West, R.","contributorId":26996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wilson, J.L.","contributorId":37345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Zockler, Christoph","contributorId":173936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zockler","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70028809,"text":"70028809 - 2006 - Sensor web enables rapid response to volcanic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:29:02","indexId":"70028809","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensor web enables rapid response to volcanic activity","docAbstract":"Rapid response to the onset of volcanic activity allows for the early assessment of hazard and risk [Tilling, 1989]. Data from remote volcanoes and volcanoes in countries with poor communication infrastructure can only be obtained via remote sensing [Harris et al., 2000]. By linking notifications of activity from ground-based and spacebased systems, these volcanoes can be monitored when they erupt.
Over the last 18 months, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has implemented a Volcano Sensor Web (VSW) in which data from ground-based and space-based sensors that detect current volcanic activity are used to automatically trigger the NASA Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) spacecraft to make highspatial-resolution observations of these volcanoes.
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At each site, an acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a bottom tripod was fitted with an acoustic modem to transmit data to a surface buoy; electronics mounted on the buoy relayed these data to shore via radio modem. The mooring at one site (24 m water depth) was custom-designed for the telemetry application, with a custom designed small buoy, a flexible electro-mechanical buoy to mooring joint using a molded chain connection to the buoy, quick-release electro-mechanical couplings, and dual hydrophones suspended 7 m above the bottom. The surface buoy at the second site (33 m water depth) was a U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) channel buoy fitted with telemetry electronics and clamps to hold the hydrophones. The telemetry was tested in several configurations for a period of about four years. The custom-designed buoy and mooring provided nearly error-free data transmission through the acoustic link under a variety of oceanographic conditions for 261 days at the 24 m site. 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