Inverse modeling studies employing data collected from the classic Henry seawater intrusion problem give insight into several important aspects of inverse modeling of seawater intrusion problems and effective measurement strategies for estimation of parameters for seawater intrusion. Despite the simplicity of the Henry problem, it embodies the behavior of a typical seawater intrusion situation in a single aquifer. Data collected from the numerical problem solution are employed without added noise in order to focus on the aspects of inverse modeling strategies dictated by the physics of variable-density flow and solute transport during seawater intrusion. Covariances of model parameters that can be estimated are strongly dependent on the physics. The insights gained from this type of analysis may be directly applied to field problems in the presence of data errors, using standard inverse modeling approaches to deal with uncertainty in data.
Covariance analysis of the Henry problem indicates that in order to generally reduce variance of parameter estimates, the ideal places to measure pressure are as far away from the coast as possible, at any depth, and the ideal places to measure concentration are near the bottom of the aquifer between the center of the transition zone and its inland fringe. These observations are located in and near high-sensitivity regions of system parameters, which may be identified in a sensitivity analysis with respect to several parameters. However, both the form of error distribution in the observations and the observation weights impact the spatial sensitivity distributions, and different choices for error distributions or weights can result in significantly different regions of high sensitivity. Thus, in order to design effective sampling networks, the error form and weights must be carefully considered. For the Henry problem, permeability and freshwater inflow can be estimated with low estimation variance from only pressure or only concentration observations. Permeability, freshwater inflow, solute molecular diffusivity, and porosity can be estimated with roughly equivalent confidence using observations of only the logarithm of concentration. Furthermore, covariance analysis allows a logical reduction of the number of estimated parameters for ill-posed inverse seawater intrusion problems. Ill-posed problems may exhibit poor estimation convergence, have a non-unique solution, have multiple minima, or require excessive computational effort, and the condition often occurs when estimating too many or co-dependent parameters. For the Henry problem, such analysis allows selection of the two parameters that control system physics from among all possible system parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.05.014","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Sanz, E., and Voss, C., 2006, Inverse modeling for seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Insights about parameter sensitivities, variances, correlations and estimation procedures derived from the Henry problem: Advances in Water Resources, v. 29, no. 3, p. 439-457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.05.014.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"457","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.05.014"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4ce4b0c8380cd63c6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanz, E.","contributorId":49181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanz","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008661,"text":"1008661 - 2006 - Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T13:34:28","indexId":"1008661","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 2004","docAbstract":"The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) proposed delisting the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) in November 2005. Part of that process required knowledge of the most current distribution of the species. Here, we update an earlier estimate of occupied range (1990–2000) with data through 2004. We used kernel estimators to develop distribution maps of occupied habitats based on initial sightings of unduplicated females (n = 481) with cubs of the year, locations of radiomarked bears (n = 170), and spatially unique locations of conflicts, confrontations, and mortalities (n = 1,075). Although each data set was constrained by potential sampling bias, together they provided insight into areas in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) currently occupied by grizzly bears. The current distribution of 37,258 km2 (1990–2004) extends beyond the distribution map generated with data from 1990–2000 (34,416 km2 ). Range expansion is particularly evident in parts of the Caribou–Targhee National Forest in Idaho and north of Spanish Peaks on the Gallatin National Forest in Montana.
","largerWorkTitle":"Ursus","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research & Management","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, C., Haroldson, M., Gunther, K., and Moody, D., 2006, Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 2004: Ursus, v. 17, p. 63-66.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol17_1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.95068359374999,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -111.95068359374999,\n 45.68315803253308\n ],\n [\n -107.55615234375,\n 45.68315803253308\n ],\n [\n -107.55615234375,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -111.95068359374999,\n 42.439674178149424\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6409eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, C.C.","contributorId":33658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haroldson, M.A. 0000-0002-7457-7676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":108047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gunther, K.","contributorId":89841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moody, D.","contributorId":42562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79589,"text":"ofr20061318 - 2006 - Deschutes Estuary feasibility study: Hydrodynamics and sediment transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T21:35:25.751519","indexId":"ofr20061318","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1318","title":"Deschutes Estuary feasibility study: Hydrodynamics and sediment transport modeling","docAbstract":"Continual sediment accumulation in Capitol Lake since the damming of the Deschutes River in 1951 has altered the initial morphology of the basin. As part of the Deschutes River Estuary Feasibility Study (DEFS), the United States Geological Survey (USGS) was tasked to model how tidal and storm processes will influence the river, lake and lower Budd Inlet should estuary restoration occur. Understanding these mechanisms will assist in developing a scientifically sound assessment on the feasibility of restoring the estuary.
\nThe goals of the DEFS are as follows.
\n- Increase understanding of the estuary alternative to the same level as managing the lake environment.
\n- Determine the potential to create a viable, self sustaining estuary at Capitol Lake, given all the existing physical constraints and the urban setting.
\n- Create a net-benefit matrix which will allow a fair evaluation of overall benefits and costs of various alternative scenarios.
\n- Provide the completed study to the CLAMP Steering Committee so that a recommendation about a long-term aquatic environment of the basin can be made.
\nThe hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling task developed a number of different model simulations using a process-based morphological model, Delft3D, to help address these goals. Modeling results provide a qualitative assessment of estuarine behavior both prior to dam construction and after various post-dam removal scenarios. Quantitative data from the model is used in the companion biological assessment and engineering design components of the overall study.
\nOverall, the modeling study found that after dam removal, tidal and estuarine processes are immediately restored, with marine water from Budd Inlet carried into North and Middle Basin on each rising tide and mud flats being exposed with each falling tide. Within the first year after dam removal, tidal processes, along with the occasional river floods, act to modify the estuary bed by redistributing sediment through erosion and deposition. The morphological response of the bed is rapid during the first couple of years, then slows as a dynamic equilibrium is reached within three to five years. By ten years after dam removal, the overall hydrodynamic and morphologic behavior of the estuary is similar to the pre-dam estuary, with the exception of South Basin, which has been permanently modified by human activities.
\nIn addition to a qualitative assessment of estuarine behavior, process-based modeling provides the ability address specific questions to help to inform decision-making. Considering that predicting future conditions of a complex estuarine environment is wrought with uncertainties, quantitative results in this report are often expressed in terms of ranges of possible outcomes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061318","usgsCitation":"George, D.A., Gelfenbaum, G., Lesser, G., and Stevens, A., 2006, Deschutes Estuary feasibility study: Hydrodynamics and sediment transport modeling (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1318, Report: 222 p.; 2 Appendixes: 177 p.; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061318.","productDescription":"Report: 222 p.; 2 Appendixes: 177 p.; Metadata","temporalStart":"2005-02-16","temporalEnd":"2005-02-17","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420428,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80585.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9208,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295746,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1318/CapitolLakeSeds.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1318/of2006-1318.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1318/of2006-1318_appendixes.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9133,\n 47.0619\n ],\n [\n -122.9133,\n 47.0183\n ],\n [\n -122.8914,\n 47.0183\n ],\n [\n -122.8914,\n 47.0619\n ],\n [\n -122.9133,\n 47.0619\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Douglas A.","contributorId":60328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lesser, Giles","contributorId":88216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesser","given":"Giles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W.","contributorId":89093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028323,"text":"70028323 - 2006 - A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028323","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2393,"text":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","docAbstract":"Species in the genus Epioblasma have specialized life history requirements and represent the most endangered genus of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in the world. A genetic characterization of extant populations of the oyster mussel E. capsaeformis and tan riffleshell E. florentina walkeri sensu late was conducted to assess taxonomic validity and to resolve conservation issues for recovery planning. These mussel species exhibit pronounced phenotypic variation, but were difficult to characterize phylogenetically using DNA sequences. Monophyletic lineages, congruent with phenotypic variation among species, were obtained only after extensive analysis of combined mitochondrial (1396 bp of 16S, cytochrome-b, and ND1) and nuclear (515 bp of ITS-1) DNA sequences. In contrast, analysis of variation at 10 hypervariable DNA microsatellite loci showed moderately to highly diverged populations based on FST and R ST values, which ranged from 0.12 to 0.39 and 0.15 to 0.71, respectively. Quantitative variation between species was observed in fish-host specificity, with transformation success of glochidia of E. capsaeformis significantly greater (P<0.05) on greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides, and that of E. f. walkeri significantly greater (P<0.05) on fantail darter Etheostoma flabellare. Lengths of glochidia differed significantly (P<0.001) among species and populations, with mean sizes ranging from 241 to 272 ??m. The texture and colour of the mantle-pad of E. capsaeformis sensu stricto is smooth and bluish-white, whereas that of E. f. walkeri is pustuled and brown, with tan mottling. Based on extensive molecular, morphological and life history data, the population of E. capsaeformis from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA is proposed as a separate species, and the population of E. f. walkeri from Indian Creek, upper Clinch River, Virginia, USA is proposed as a distinct subspecies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/mollus/eyl004","issn":"02601230","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., Neves, R.J., Ahlstedt, S., and Hallerman, E., 2006, A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae): Journal of Molluscan Studies, v. 72, no. 3, p. 267-283, https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyl004.","startPage":"267","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487570,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyl004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210130,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyl004"},{"id":236959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e424e4b0c8380cd46437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlstedt, S.A.","contributorId":97843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlstedt","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hallerman, E.M.","contributorId":23671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallerman","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028185,"text":"70028185 - 2006 - Neural network prediction of carbonate lithofacies from well logs, Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields, Southwest Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028185","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neural network prediction of carbonate lithofacies from well logs, Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields, Southwest Kansas","docAbstract":"In the Hugoton Embayment of southwestern Kansas, St. Louis Limestone reservoirs have relatively low recovery efficiencies, attributed to the heterogeneous nature of the oolitic deposits. This study establishes quantitative relationships between digital well logs and core description data, and applies these relationships in a probabilistic sense to predict lithofacies in 90 uncored wells across the Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields. In 10 wells, a single hidden-layer neural network based on digital well logs and core described lithofacies of the limestone depositional texture was used to train and establish a non-linear relationship between lithofacies assignments from detailed core descriptions and selected log curves. Neural network models were optimized by selecting six predictor variables and automated cross-validation with neural network parameters and then used to predict lithofacies on the whole data set of the 2023 half-foot intervals from the 10 cored wells with the selected network size of 35 and a damping parameter of 0.01. Predicted lithofacies results compared to actual lithofacies displays absolute accuracies of 70.37-90.82%. Incorporating adjoining lithofacies, within-one lithofacies improves accuracy slightly (93.72%). Digital logs from uncored wells were batch processed to predict lithofacies and probabilities related to each lithofacies at half-foot resolution corresponding to log units. The results were used to construct interpolated cross-sections and useful depositional patterns of St. Louis lithofacies were illustrated, e.g., the concentration of oolitic deposits (including lithofacies 5 and 6) along local highs and the relative dominance of quartz-rich carbonate grainstone (lithofacies 1) in the zones A and B of the St. Louis Limestone. Neural network techniques are applicable to other complex reservoirs, in which facies geometry and distribution are the key factors controlling heterogeneity and distribution of rock properties. Future work involves extension of the neural network to predict reservoir properties, and construction of three-dimensional geo-models. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.020","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Qi, L., and Carr, T., 2006, Neural network prediction of carbonate lithofacies from well logs, Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields, Southwest Kansas: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 7, p. 947-964, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.020.","startPage":"947","endPage":"964","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.020"},{"id":236951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64f9e4b0c8380cd72abd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, L.","contributorId":70986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028584,"text":"70028584 - 2006 - Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028584","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley","docAbstract":"Predicting potential habitat across a landscape for rare species is extremely challenging. However, partitioned Mahalanobis D2 methods avoid pitfalls commonly encountered when surveying rare species by using data collected only at known species locations. Minimum habitat requirements are then determined by examining a principal components analysis to find consistent habitat characteristics across known locations. We used partitioned D 2 methods to examine minimum habitat requirements of Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in the Champlain Valley of Vermont and New York, USA, across 7 spatial scales and map potential habitat for the species throughout the same area. We radiotracked 24 female Indiana bats to their roost trees and across their nighttime foraging areas to collect habitat characteristics at 7 spatial scales: 1) roost trees, 2) 0.1-ha circular plots surrounding the roost trees, 3) home ranges, and 4-7) 0.5-km, 1-km, 2-km, and 3-km buffers surrounding the roost tree. Roost trees (n = 50) typically were tall, dead, large-diameter trees with exfoliating bark, located at low elevations and close to water. Trees surrounding roosts typically were smaller in diameter and shorter in height, but they had greater soundness than the roost trees. We documented 14 home ranges in areas of diverse, patchy land cover types that were close to water with east-facing aspects. Across all landscape extents, area of forest within roost-tree buffers and the aspect across those buffers were the most consistent features. Predictive maps indicated that suitable habitat ranged from 4.7-8.1% of the area examined within the Champlain Valley. These habitat models further understanding of Indiana bat summer habitat by indicating minimum habitat characteristics at multiple scales and can be used to aid management decisions by highlighting potential habitat. Nonetheless, information on juvenile production and recruitment is lacking; therefore, assessments of Indiana bat habitat quality in the region are still incomplete.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1228:PMHCFT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Watrous, K., Donovan, T., Mickey, R., Darling, S., Hicks, A., and Von Oettingen, S.L., 2006, Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 5, p. 1228-1237, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1228:PMHCFT]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1228","endPage":"1237","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1228:PMHCFT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81bde4b0c8380cd7b6d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watrous, K.S.","contributorId":46291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watrous","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickey, R.M.","contributorId":65654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Darling, S.R.","contributorId":25344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hicks, A.C.","contributorId":35109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Von Oettingen, S. L.","contributorId":60836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Oettingen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79396,"text":"ofr20061249 - 2006 - Assessment of factors limiting Klamath River fall Chinook salmon production potential using historical flows and temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:43:11","indexId":"ofr20061249","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1249","title":"Assessment of factors limiting Klamath River fall Chinook salmon production potential using historical flows and temperatures","docAbstract":"We parameterized and applied a deterministic salmon production model to infer the degree to which river flows and temperatures may limit freshwater production potential of the Klamath River in California. Specific parameter requirements, data sources, and significant assumptions are discussed in detail. Model simulations covered a wide variety of historical hydrologic and meteorologic conditions for 40+ years of environmental data.
\nThe model was calibrated only qualitatively, appearing to perform well in predicted outmigrant timing, but overestimating growth. Egg-to-outmigrant survival was near that reported for other rivers north of the Klamath River.
\nPredicted production potential appeared to be determined by multiple causes involving both regularly occurring habitat-related constraints and irregularly occurring exposure to high water temperatures. Simulated production was greatest in years of intermediate water availability and was constrained in both dry and wet years, but for different reasons. Reducing mortality associated with limitations to juvenile habitat, if possible, would be expected to have the highest payoff in increasing production. Water temperature was important in determining predicted production in some years but overall was not predicted to be as important as physical microhabitat. No single mortality cause acted as a true “bottleneck” on production.
\nModel uncertainty is addressed through a sensitivity analysis. Predicted habitat area may be a large source of model uncertainty and sensitivity, but collectively, model parameters associated with timing of events (for example spawning, fry emergence, and emigration) or related triggers control much of the model sensitivity.
\n\n
Though model uncertainty remains, one can begin to explore potential alternatives to reduce production limitations. Specific recommendations are made regarding future study and reducing uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061249","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., and Henriksen, J.A., 2006, Assessment of factors limiting Klamath River fall Chinook salmon production potential using historical flows and temperatures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1249, viii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061249.","productDescription":"viii, 111 p.","numberOfPages":"119","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061249.PNG"},{"id":320228,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.03015136718749,\n 41.253032440653186\n ],\n [\n -123.255615234375,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n -122.9644775390625,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 40.772221877329024\n ],\n [\n -122.3822021484375,\n 41.27367811566259\n ],\n [\n -120.75622558593749,\n 41.85728792769137\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 43.41701888881103\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 42.91620643817353\n ],\n [\n -124.068603515625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -124.03015136718749,\n 41.253032440653186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db67201a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henriksen, James A.","contributorId":89985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henriksen","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028913,"text":"70028913 - 2006 - Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028913","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques","docAbstract":"Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography in capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques for estimating snow leopard population abundance and density within Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. We placed infrared camera traps along actively used travel paths, scent-sprayed rocks, and scrape sites within 16- to 30-km2 sampling grids in successive winters during January and March 2003-2004. We used head-on, oblique, and side-view camera configurations to obtain snow leopard photographs at varying body orientations. We calculated snow leopard abundance estimates using the program CAPTURE. We obtained a total of 66 and 49 snow leopard captures resulting in 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights during 2003 and 2004, respectively. We identified snow leopards based on the distinct pelage patterns located primarily on the forelimbs, flanks, and dorsal surface of the tail. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.67. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 (SE = 0.22; individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 (SE = 0.16) in 2004. We believe the density disparity between years is attributable to different trap density and placement rather than to an actual decline in population size. Our results suggest that photographic capture-mark-recapture sampling may be a useful tool for monitoring demographic patterns. However, we believe a larger sample size would be necessary for generating a statistically robust estimate of population density and abundance based on CMR models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Jackson, R., Roe, J., Wangchuk, R., and Hunter, D., 2006, Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 772-781, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"772","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b46e4b0c8380cd5265b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, R.M.","contributorId":71370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roe, J.D.","contributorId":56016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roe","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wangchuk, R.","contributorId":20958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangchuk","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, D.O.","contributorId":104264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028336,"text":"70028336 - 2006 - A trait-based test for habitat filtering: Convex hull volume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028336","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A trait-based test for habitat filtering: Convex hull volume","docAbstract":"Community assembly theory suggests that two processes affect the distribution of trait values within communities: competition and habitat filtering. Within a local community, competition leads to ecological differentiation of coexisting species, while habitat filtering reduces the spread of trait values, reflecting shared ecological tolerances. Many statistical tests for the effects of competition exist in the literature, but measures of habitat filtering are less well-developed. Here, we present convex hull volume, a construct from computational geometry, which provides an n-dimensional measure of the volume of trait space occupied by species in a community. Combined with ecological null models, this measure offers a useful test for habitat filtering. We use convex hull volume and a null model to analyze California woody-plant trait and community data. Our results show that observed plant communities occupy less trait space than expected from random assembly, a result consistent with habitat filtering. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Cornwell, W., Schwilk, D., and Ackerly, D., 2006, A trait-based test for habitat filtering: Convex hull volume: Ecology, v. 87, no. 6, p. 1465-1471.","startPage":"1465","endPage":"1471","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e603e4b0c8380cd470d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornwell, W.K.","contributorId":28798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwell","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwilk, D.W.","contributorId":29770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerly, D. D.","contributorId":94077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028356,"text":"70028356 - 2006 - Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028356","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"Shallow high-resolution seismic reflection surveys have traditionally been restricted to either compressional (P) or horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves in order to produce 2-D images of subsurface structure. The northernmost Mississippi embayment and coincident New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) provide an ideal laboratory to study the experimental use of integrating P- and SH-wave seismic profiles, integrated, where practicable, with micro-gravity data. In this area, the relation between \"deeper\" deformation of Paleozoic bedrock associated with the formation of the Reelfoot rift and NMSZ seismicity and \"shallower\" deformation of overlying sediments has remained elusive, but could be revealed using integrated P- and SH-wave reflection. Surface expressions of deformation are almost non-existent in this region, which makes seismic reflection surveying the only means of detecting structures that are possibly pertinent to seismic hazard assessment. Since P- and SH-waves respond differently to the rock and fluid properties and travel at dissimilar speeds, the resulting seismic profiles provide complementary views of the subsurface based on different levels of resolution and imaging capability. P-wave profiles acquired in southwestern Illinois and western Kentucky (USA) detect faulting of deep, Paleozoic bedrock and Cretaceous reflectors while coincident SH-wave surveys show that this deformation propagates higher into overlying Tertiary and Quaternary strata. Forward modeling of micro-gravity data acquired along one of the seismic profiles further supports an interpretation of faulting of bedrock and Cretaceous strata. The integration of the two seismic and the micro-gravity methods therefore increases the scope for investigating the relation between the older and younger deformation in an area of critical seismic hazard. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, C., McBride, J., Pugin, A.J., Ravat, D., Biswas, S., Nelson, W., Larson, T., Sargent, S., Fillerup, M., Tingey, B., Wald, L., Northcott, M., South, J., Okure, M., and Chandler, M., 2006, Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 5-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024.","startPage":"5","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024"},{"id":236996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c87e4b0c8380cd62df6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, C.E.","contributorId":86547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pugin, Andre J. M.","contributorId":31956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugin","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ravat, D.","contributorId":102971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Biswas, S.","contributorId":45888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biswas","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larson, T.H.","contributorId":50666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sargent, S.L.","contributorId":75299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fillerup, M.A.","contributorId":19762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fillerup","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tingey, B.E.","contributorId":73397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wald, L.","contributorId":64845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Northcott, M.L.","contributorId":43557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Northcott","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"South, J.V.","contributorId":72188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"South","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Okure, M.S.","contributorId":98100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okure","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Chandler, M.R.","contributorId":51082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70028350,"text":"70028350 - 2006 - Fishes associated with North Carolina shelf-edge hardbottoms and initial assessment of a proposed marine protected area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028350","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fishes associated with North Carolina shelf-edge hardbottoms and initial assessment of a proposed marine protected area","docAbstract":"Fish community data are limited from deeper shelf-edge hardbottoms along the southeastern U.S. continental shelf. This lack of data Hampers the design of recently proposed marine protected areas (MPAs) on the outer shelf of the southeastern U.S. During 2001-2004, sampling was conducted (57-25 m) to describe habitats and fish communities within and outside of the North Carolina proposed MPA (p-MPA) using the JOHNSON-SEA-LINK submersible, remotely operated vehicles, otter trawls, and hook and line. Habitats observed included soft substrate or non-hardbottom (NH), a shipwreck (\"Snowy Wreck\"), low relief hardbottoms (LRH), boulder fields (BF), and high relief ledges (HRL), the latter of which were divided into three mi-crohabitats. Non-metric, multi-dimensional scaling indicated that hardbottom fish assemblages were distinct from NH, and fish assemblages among microhabitats on HRL were different. In total, 152 fish species were documented. Thirty-five species were observed only on NH and 117 were observed or hardbottoms and the Snowy Wreck. Several species of anthiines were the most abundant fishes on most hardbottoms, whereas triglids, synodontids, and Seriola spp. were abundant on NH. Species richness was highest on HRL, and species composition was unique at the Snowy Wreck (238-253 m) and on BF. Future shelf-edge hardbottom research should include more standardized surveys using direct observations. Further, we recommend that the boundaries of the North Carolina p-MPA be redrawn to include more hardbottom habitat. ?? 2006 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Quattrini, A., and Ross, S.W., 2006, Fishes associated with North Carolina shelf-edge hardbottoms and initial assessment of a proposed marine protected area: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 79, no. 1, p. 137-163.","startPage":"137","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10b7e4b0c8380cd53d9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quattrini, A.M.","contributorId":70985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quattrini","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":72543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028532,"text":"70028532 - 2006 - Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028532","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra","docAbstract":"The conventional inversion of surface waves depends on modal identification of measured dispersion curves, which can be ambiguous. It is possible to avoid mode-number identification and extraction by inverting the complete phase-velocity spectrum obtained from a multichannel record. We use the fast simulated annealing (FSA) global search algorithm to minimize the difference between the measured phase-velocity spectrum and that calculated from a theoretical layer model, including the field setup geometry. Results show that this algorithm can help one avoid getting trapped in local minima while searching for the best-matching layer model. The entire procedure is demonstrated on synthetic and field data for asphalt pavement. The viscoelastic properties of the top asphalt layer are taken into account, and the inverted asphalt stiffness as a function of frequency compares well with laboratory tests on core samples. The thickness and shear-wave velocity of the deeper embedded layers are resolved within 10% deviation from those values measured separately during pavement construction. The proposed method may be equally applicable to normal soil site investigation and in the field of ultrasonic testing of materials. ?? 2006 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2204964","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ryden, N., and Park, C., 2006, Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2204964.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2204964"},{"id":236426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0efde4b0c8380cd536ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryden, N.","contributorId":23318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryden","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030406,"text":"70030406 - 2006 - Thermodynamic calculations in the system CH4-H2O and methane hydrate phase equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030406","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2425,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic calculations in the system CH4-H2O and methane hydrate phase equilibria","docAbstract":"Using the Gibbs function of reaction, equilibrium pressure, temperature conditions for the formation of methane clathrate hydrate have been calculated from the thermodynamic properties of phases in the system CH4-H 2O. The thermodynamic model accurately reproduces the published phase-equilibria data to within ??2 K of the observed equilibrium boundaries in the range 0.08-117 MPa and 190-307 K. The model also provides an estimate of the third-law entropy of methane hydrate at 273.15 K, 0.1 MPa of 56.2 J mol-1 K-1 for 1/n CH4??H 2O, where n is the hydrate number. Agreement between the calculated and published phase-equilibria data is optimized when the hydrate composition is fixed and independent of the pressure and temperature for the conditions modeled. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Physical Chemistry B","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/jp055422f","issn":"15206106","usgsCitation":"Circone, S., Kirby, S.H., and Stern, L., 2006, Thermodynamic calculations in the system CH4-H2O and methane hydrate phase equilibria: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, v. 110, no. 16, p. 8232-8239, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp055422f.","startPage":"8232","endPage":"8239","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211721,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp055422f"},{"id":239065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb26ee4b08c986b3257d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Circone, S.","contributorId":35901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030401,"text":"70030401 - 2006 - Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70030401","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2574,"text":"Journal of the World Aquaculture Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus","docAbstract":"Two methods were developed for the production of larval fish diets. The first method, microextrusion marumerization (MEM), has been tested in laboratory feeding trials for many years and produces particles that are palatable and water stable. The second method, particle-assisted rotational agglomeration (PARA), produced diets that have lower density than diets produced by MEM. Each method was used to produce diets in the 250- to 400- and 400- to 700-??m range and compared with a reference diet (Fry Feed Kyowa* [FFK]) for feeding larval walleye in two experiments. The effect of substituting 4% of the fish meal with freeze-dried artemia fines was also investigated. In the first experiment, 30-d survival was greater (P < 0.05) for fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia (49.1.0%) than for fish fed the same diet produced by MEM (27.6%). The addition of Artemia to a diet produced by MEM did not increase survival of larval walleye. Fish fed the reference diet had 24.4% survival. In the second experiment, there was an effect of both processing method and Artemia supplementation, and an interaction of these effects, on survival. Fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia supplementation had 48.4% survival, and fish fed the same diet produced by MEM had only 19.6% survival. Inclusion of 4% freeze-dried Artemia improved (P < 0.04) survival of fish fed MEM particles but not those fed PARA particles. Fish fed FFK had greater weight gain than fish fed other diets in both experiments. Data indicate that the PARA method of diet processing produces smaller, lower density particles than the MEM process and that diets produced by the PARA process support higher survival of larval walleye with low capital and operating costs. ?? Copyright by the World Aquaculture Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the World Aquaculture Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00021.x","issn":"08938849","usgsCitation":"Barrows, F., and Lellis, W., 2006, Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v. 37, no. 2, p. 154-160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00021.x.","startPage":"154","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212124,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00021.x"},{"id":239550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d1e4b0c8380cd50f96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030399,"text":"70030399 - 2006 - Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:16:57","indexId":"70030399","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy","docAbstract":"We present a comprehensive processing tool for the real‐time analysis of the source mechanism of very long period (VLP) seismic data based on waveform inversions performed in the frequency domain for a point source. A search for the source providing the best‐fitting solution is conducted over a three‐dimensional grid of assumed source locations, in which the Green's functions associated with each point source are calculated by finite differences using the reciprocal relation between source and receiver. Tests performed on 62 nodes of a Linux cluster indicate that the waveform inversion and search for the best‐fitting signal over 100,000 point sources require roughly 30 s of processing time for a 2‐min‐long record. The procedure is applied to post‐processing of a data archive and to continuous automatic inversion of real‐time data at Stromboli, providing insights into different modes of degassing at this volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005GL024703","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Auger, E., D’Auria, L., Martini, M., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2006, Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 4, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024703.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024703","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Stromboli volcano","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95a7e4b0c8380cd81b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auger, E.","contributorId":71844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Auria, L.","contributorId":28821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Auria","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, M.","contributorId":24909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030364,"text":"70030364 - 2006 - Cumulative uncertainty in measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T15:09:24.557607","indexId":"70030364","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3619,"text":"Transactions of the ASABE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cumulative uncertainty in measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds","docAbstract":"The scientific community has not established an adequate understanding of the uncertainty inherent in measured water quality data, which is introduced by four procedural categories: streamflow measurement, sample collection, sample preservation/storage, and laboratory analysis. Although previous research has produced valuable information on relative differences in procedures within these categories, little information is available that compares the procedural categories or presents the cumulative uncertainty in resulting water quality data. As a result, quality control emphasis is often misdirected, and data uncertainty is typically either ignored or accounted for with an arbitrary margin of safety. Faced with the need for scientifically defensible estimates of data uncertainty to support water resource management, the objectives of this research were to: (1) compile selected published information on uncertainty related to measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds, (2) use a root mean square error propagation method to compare the uncertainty introduced by each procedural category, and (3) use the error propagation method to determine the cumulative probable uncertainty in measured streamflow, sediment, and nutrient data. Best case, typical, and worst case data quality scenarios were examined. Averaged across all constituents, the calculated cumulative probable uncertainty (%) contributed under typical scenarios ranged from 6% to 19% for streamflow measurement, from 4% to 48% for sample collection, from 2% to 16% for sample preservation/storage, and from 5% to 21% for laboratory analysis. Under typical conditions, errors in storm loads ranged from 8% to 104% for dissolved nutrients, from 8% to 110% for total N and P, and from 7% to 53% for TSS. Results indicated that uncertainty can increase substantially under poor measurement conditions and limited quality control effort. This research provides introductory scientific estimates of uncertainty in measured water quality data. The results and procedures presented should also assist modelers in quantifying the quality of calibration and evaluation data sets, determining model accuracy goals, and evaluating model performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.20488","issn":"00012351","usgsCitation":"Harmel, R., Cooper, R., Slade, R., Haney, R., and Arnold, J., 2006, Cumulative uncertainty in measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 49, no. 3, p. 689-701, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.20488.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"701","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd0ce4b0c8380cd4e5df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmel, R. D.","contributorId":20155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmel","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slade, R.M.","contributorId":84364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, R.L.","contributorId":58461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arnold, J.G.","contributorId":15830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028990,"text":"70028990 - 2006 - Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028990","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"From October 2002 to April 2004, data were collected from Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport (TX, USA) outfalls and receiving waters (Trigg Lake and Big Bear Creek) to document the magnitude and potential effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) runoff on water quality. Glycol concentrations at outfalls ranged from less than 18 to 23,800 mg/L, whereas concentrations in Big Bear Creek were less because of dilution, dispersion, and degradation, ranging from less than 18 to 230 mg/L. Annual loading results indicate that 10 and 35% of what was applied to aircraft was discharged to Big Bear Creek in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Glycol that entered Trigg Lake was diluted and degraded before reaching the lake outlet. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations at airport outfalls sometimes were low (<2.0 mg/L) but typical of what was measured in an urban reference stream. In comparison, the DO concentration at Trigg Lake monitoring sites was consistently greater than 5.5 mg/L during the monitoring period, probably because of the installation of aerators in the lake by DFW personnel. The DO concentration in Big Bear Creek was very similar at sites upstream and downstream of airport influence (>5.0 mg/L). Results of toxicity tests indicate that effects on Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, and Selanastrum capricornutum are influenced by type IV ADAF (anti-icer), not just type I ADAF (deicer) as is more commonly assumed. ?? 2006 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-100R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Harwell, G., Geis, S., and Bergman, D., 2006, Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 11, p. 2890-2900, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-100R.1.","startPage":"2890","endPage":"2900","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209911,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-100R.1"},{"id":236663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e2e4b0c8380cd6170c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, S.R.","contributorId":76346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwell, G.R.","contributorId":56845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geis, S.W.","contributorId":86538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergman, D.","contributorId":35932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030866,"text":"70030866 - 2006 - Kinetics of sorption and abiotic oxidation of arsenic(III) by aquifer materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:07:42","indexId":"70030866","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics of sorption and abiotic oxidation of arsenic(III) by aquifer materials","docAbstract":"The fate of arsenic in groundwater depends largely on its interaction with mineral surfaces. We investigated the kinetics of As(III) oxidation by aquifer materials collected from the USGS research site at Cape Cod, MA, USA, by conducting laboratory experiments. Five different solid samples with similar specific surface areas (0.6–0.9 m2 g−1) and reductively extractable iron contents (18–26 μmol m−2), but with varying total manganese contents (0.5–3.5 μmol m−2) were used. Both dissolved and adsorbed As(III) and As(V) concentrations were measured with time up to 250 h. The As(III) removal rate from solution increased with increasing solid manganese content, suggesting that manganese oxide is responsible for the oxidation of As(III). Under all conditions, dissolved As(V) concentrations were very low. A quantitative model was developed to simulate the extent and kinetics of arsenic transformation by aquifer materials. The model included: (1) reversible rate-limited adsorption of As(III) onto both oxidative and non-oxidative (adsorptive) sites, (2) irreversible rate-limited oxidation of As(III), and (3) equilibrium adsorption of As(V) onto adsorptive sites. Rate constants for these processes, as well as the total oxidative site densities were used as the fitting parameters. The total adsorptive site densities were estimated based on the measured specific surface area of each material. The best fit was provided by considering one fast and one slow site for each adsorptive and oxidative site. The fitting parameters were obtained using the kinetic data for the most reactive aquifer material at different initial As(III) concentrations. Using the same parameters to simulate As(III) and As(V) surface reactions, the model predictions were compared to observations for aquifer materials with different manganese contents. The model simulated the experimental data very well for all materials at all initial As(III) concentrations. The As(V) production rate was related to the concentrations of the free oxidative surface sites and dissolved As(III), as
The correlation spectrometer (COSPEC), the principal tool for remote measurements of volcanic SO2, is rapidly being replaced by low-cost, miniature, ultraviolet (UV) spectrometers. We compared two of these new systems with a COSPEC by measuring SO2 column amounts at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii. The two systems, one calibrated using in-situ SO2 cells, and the other using a calibrated laboratory reference spectrum, employ similar spectrometer hardware, but different foreoptics and spectral retrieval algorithms. Accuracy, signal-to-noise, retrieval parameters, and precision were investigated for the two configurations of new miniature spectrometer. Measurements included traverses beneath the plumes from the summit and east rift zone of Kīlauea, and testing with calibration cells of known SO2 concentration. The results obtained from the different methods were consistent with each other, with <8% difference in estimated SO2 column amounts up to 800 ppm m. A further comparison between the COSPEC and one of the miniature spectrometer configurations, the ‘FLYSPEC’, spans an eight month period and showed agreement of measured emission rates to within 10% for SO2 column amounts up to 1,600 ppm m. The topic of measuring high SO2 burdens accurately is addressed for the Kīlauea measurements. In comparing the foreoptics, retrieval methods, and resultant implications for data quality, we aim to consolidate the various experiences to date, and improve the application and development of miniature spectrometer systems.`
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s00445-005-0026-5","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Elias, T., Sutton, A.J., Oppenheimer, C., Horton, K.A., Garbeil, H., Tsanev, V., McGonigle, A.J., and Williams-Jones, G., 2006, Comparison of COSPEC and two miniature ultraviolet spectrometer systems for SO2 measurements using scattered sunlight: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0026-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"322","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238864,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f840e4b0c8380cd4cf90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jeff","contributorId":45605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oppenheimer, Clive","contributorId":174445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"Clive","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Keith A.","contributorId":174446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17202,"text":"University of Hawaii, Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garbeil, Harold","contributorId":174447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garbeil","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17202,"text":"University of Hawaii, Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tsanev, Vitchko","contributorId":174448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsanev","given":"Vitchko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGonigle, Andrew J.S.","contributorId":174449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGonigle","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[{"id":25646,"text":"Uni. of Sheffield","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams-Jones, Glyn","contributorId":147765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams-Jones","given":"Glyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16928,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}