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In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
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This deployment was undertaken as part of a coordinated federal emergency response as outlined by the Stafford Act under a directed mission assignment by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Storm tide, as defined by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008), is the water-level rise generated by a combination of storm surge and astronomical tide during a coastal storm. Hurricane Isaac initially made landfall on the coast of Louisiana in Plaquemines Parish on August 28, 2012, as a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (National Weather Service, 1974) and then stalled over southern Louisiana for several days, causing prolonged storm-tide impacts. A total of 188 water-level and wave-height sensors were deployed at 127 locations during August 27–28 prior to landfall. More than 90 percent of the sensors and all high-water marks (HWMs) were recovered and surveyed to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) within 7 days of the Isaac landfall. Only a handful of sensors in the Plaquemines Parish area of Louisiana could not be retrieved until weeks later due to prolonged flooding in the area. Data collected from this event can be used to evaluate the performance of storm-tide models for maximum and incremental water level and flood extent and the site-specific effects of storm tide on natural and anthropogenic features of the environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121263","collaboration":"Prepared under a mission assignment with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"McCallum, B.E., McGee, B.D., Kimbrow, D.R., Runner, M.S., Painter, J.A., Frantz, E.R., and Gotvald, A.J., 2012, Monitoring storm tide and flooding from Hurricane Isaac along the Gulf Coast of the United States, August 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1263, Report: ii, 26 p.; 6 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121263.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 26 p.; 6 Tables","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042625","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121263.JPG"},{"id":271126,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1263/"},{"id":271129,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1263/pdf/ofr2012-1263.pdf","text":"Report"},{"id":271131,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1263/downloads/Table1-Isaac.xlsx","text":"Table 1 - Number of monitoring sites, by state"},{"id":271133,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1263/downloads/Table2-Isaac.xlsx","text":"Table 2 - GNSS/NGS elevation differences"},{"id":271134,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1263/downloads/Table3-Isaac.xlsx","text":"Table 3 - Storm tides-temporary sites"},{"id":271136,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1263/downloads/Table5-Isaac.xlsx","text":"Table 5 - Storm tides-NOAA sites"},{"id":271137,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1263/downloads/Table6-Isaac.xlsx","text":"Table 6 - High-water marks"},{"id":271135,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1263/downloads/Table4-Isaac.xlsx","text":"Table 4 - Storm tides-USGS sites"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 28.719496107557465\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n -87.286376953125,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n -87.286376953125,\n 28.719496107557465\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 28.719496107557465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172595ce4b0c173799e78ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCallum, Brian E. 0000-0002-8935-0343 bemccall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-0343","contributorId":1591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallum","given":"Brian","email":"bemccall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGee, Benton D. bdmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Benton","email":"bdmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimbrow, Dustin R. dkimbrow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrow","given":"Dustin","email":"dkimbrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runner, Michael S. msrunner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runner","given":"Michael","email":"msrunner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frantz, Eric R. 0000-0002-1867-886X efrantz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-886X","contributorId":41573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frantz","given":"Eric","email":"efrantz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70044356,"text":"ofr20121243 - 2012 - The role of the U.S. Geological Survey in Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting in Illinois, 1984-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T13:01:55","indexId":"ofr20121243","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1243","title":"The role of the U.S. Geological Survey in Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting in Illinois, 1984-2010","docAbstract":"The State of Illinois' annual withdrawl from Lake Michigan is limited by a U.S. Supreme Court decree. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is responsible for monitoring flows in the Chicago area waterway system (CAWS) as part of the Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting (LMDA) overseen by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District. Every five years, the USGS streamgage practices in the CAWS are reviewed by a committee of practicing engineers and academics to ensure that the best engineering practices are implemented in accordance with the U.S. Supreme Court decree and as part of LMDA. This report provides a perspective on the role of the USGS in LMDA from 1984 to 2010 including the responses to the review committees. Six technical review committees have been convened by the U.S. Corps of Engineers to evaluate the key components of LMDA especially the USGS streamgages within the CAWS. Any changes in streamgaging practices at CAWS gaging stations require detailed analysis to ensure the change will not adversely affect the ability of the USGS to accurately monitor flows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121243","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-Chicago District","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K.K., Duncker, J.J., and Jackson, P., 2012, The role of the U.S. Geological Survey in Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting in Illinois, 1984-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1243, viii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121243.","productDescription":"viii, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1984-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1243.jpg"},{"id":268706,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1243/"},{"id":268707,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1243/pdf/ofr2012-1243.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.25,41.5 ], [ -88.25,42.25 ], [ -87.5,42.25 ], [ -87.5,41.5 ], [ -88.25,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5135c26be4b03b8ec4025b34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kevin K. 0000-0003-2703-5994 johnsonk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-5994","contributorId":4220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","email":"johnsonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncker, James J. 0000-0001-5464-7991 jduncker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-7991","contributorId":4316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James","email":"jduncker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044265,"text":"ofr20121274 - 2012 - Potential climate-induced runoff changes and associated uncertainty in four Pacific Northwest estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T10:18:17","indexId":"ofr20121274","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1274","title":"Potential climate-induced runoff changes and associated uncertainty in four Pacific Northwest estuaries","docAbstract":"As part of a larger investigation into potential effects of climate change on estuarine habitats in the Pacific Northwest, we estimated changes in freshwater inputs into four estuaries: Coquille River estuary, South Slough of Coos Bay, and Yaquina Bay in Oregon, and Willapa Bay in Washington. We used the U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) to model watershed hydrological processes under current and future climatic conditions. This model allowed us to explore possible shifts in coastal hydrologic regimes at a range of spatial scales. All modeled watersheds are located in rainfall-dominated coastal areas with relatively insignificant base flow inputs, and their areas vary from 74.3 to 2,747.6 square kilometers. The watersheds also vary in mean elevation, ranging from 147 meters in the Willapa to 1,179 meters in the Coquille. The latitudes of watershed centroids range from 43.037 degrees north latitude in the Coquille River estuary to 46.629 degrees north latitude in Willapa Bay. We calibrated model parameters using historical climate grid data downscaled to one-sixteenth of a degree by the Climate Impacts Group, and historical runoff from sub-watersheds or neighboring watersheds. Nash Sutcliffe efficiency values for daily flows in calibration sub-watersheds ranged from 0.71 to 0.89. After calibration, we forced the PRMS models with four North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program climate models: Canadian Regional Climate Model-(National Center for Atmospheric Research) Community Climate System Model version 3, Canadian Regional Climate Model-Canadian Global Climate Model version 3, Hadley Regional Model version 3-Hadley Centre Climate Model version 3, and Regional Climate Model-Canadian Global Climate Model version 3. These are global climate models (GCMs) downscaled with regional climate models that are embedded within the GCMs, and all use the A2 carbon emission scenario developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. With these climate-forcing outputs, we derived the mean change in flow from the period encompassing the 1980s (1971-1995) to the period encompassing the 2050s (2041-2065). Specifically, we calculated percent change in mean monthly flow rate, coefficient of variation, top 5 percent of flow, and 7-day low flow. The trends with the most agreement among climate models and among watersheds were increases in autumn mean monthly flows, especially in October and November, decreases in summer monthly mean flow, and increases in the top 5 percent of flow. We also estimated variance in PRMS outputs owing to parameter uncertainty and the selection of climate model using Latin hypercube sampling. This analysis showed that PRMS low-flow simulations are more uncertain than medium or high flow simulations, and that variation among climate models was a larger source of uncertainty than the hydrological model parameters. These results improve our understanding of how climate change may affect the saltwater-freshwater balance in Pacific Northwest estuaries, with implications for their sensitive ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121274","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Steele, M.O., Chang, H., Reusser, D.A., Brown, C.A., and Jung, I., 2012, Potential climate-induced runoff changes and associated uncertainty in four Pacific Northwest estuaries: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1274, Report: ix, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121274.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1274.jpg"},{"id":268610,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1274/index.html"},{"id":268611,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1274/pdf/ofr2012-1274.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.61,41.99 ], [ -124.61,47.26 ], [ -122.0,47.26 ], [ -122.0,41.99 ], [ -124.61,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5131cdf1e4b0140546f53bad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Madeline O.","contributorId":19048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Madeline","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Heejun","contributorId":14705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Heejun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reusser, Deborah A. dreusser@usgs.gov","contributorId":2423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reusser","given":"Deborah","email":"dreusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Cheryl A.","contributorId":69284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jung, Il-Won","contributorId":38865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Il-Won","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70043890,"text":"ofr20121112 - 2012 - Shipboard surveys track magnetic sources in marine sediments--geophysical studies of the Stono and North Edisto Inlets near Charleston, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T08:51:56","indexId":"ofr20121112","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1112","title":"Shipboard surveys track magnetic sources in marine sediments--geophysical studies of the Stono and North Edisto Inlets near Charleston, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Magnetic field data are traditionally used to analyze igneous and metamorphic rocks, but recent efforts have shown that magnetic sources within sediments may be detectable, suggesting new applications for high-resolution magnetic field surveys. Candidates for sedimentary sources include heavy mineral sand concentrations rich in magnetite or hematite, alteration-induced glauconite, or biogenic magnetite. Magnetic field surveys can be used to map the distributions of such sources with much denser and more widespread coverage than possible by sampling. These data can then provide constraints on the composition history of local sediments. Mapping such sediments requires the sensor to be relatively close to the source, and filtering approaches may be needed to distinguish signals from both system noise and deeper basement features. Marine geophysical surveys conducted in July, 2010, over the Stono and North Edisto River inlets and their riverine inputs south of Charleston, South Carolina, showed 10- to 40-m-wide, 1- to 6-nT magnetic anomalies associated with shallow, sand-covered seabed. These anomalies are distinct from system noise but are too narrow to represent basement features. The anomalies are present mostly in shallow areas where river sediments originating from upland areas enter the inlets. Surface grab samples from the North Edisto River contain trace amounts of heavy mineral sediments including hematite, maghemite, ilmenite, and magnetite, as well as garnet, epidote, zircon, and rutile. Previous stream sediment analyses show enhanced titanium over much of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The combined data suggest that the anomalies are generated by titanium- and iron-rich heavy mineral sands ultimately originating from the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces, which are then reworked and concentrated by tidal currents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121112","usgsCitation":"Shah, A.K., and Harris, M., 2012, Shipboard surveys track magnetic sources in marine sediments--geophysical studies of the Stono and North Edisto Inlets near Charleston, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1112, 1 p.: 1 Sheet: 73 x 43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121112.","productDescription":"1 p.: 1 Sheet: 73 x 43 inches","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036671","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1112.png"},{"id":268276,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1112/"},{"id":268277,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1112/OF12-1112.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.35,32.03 ], [ -83.35,35.22 ], [ -78.54,35.22 ], [ -78.54,32.03 ], [ -83.35,32.03 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd729fe4b0b290851086d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, M. Scott","contributorId":7795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043263,"text":"ofr20121264 - 2012 - Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Pelekane and Kawaihae Bays, Hawaii--measurements of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and geochronology: November 2010--March 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-09T17:49:05","indexId":"ofr20121264","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1264","title":"Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Pelekane and Kawaihae Bays, Hawaii--measurements of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and geochronology: November 2010--March 2011","docAbstract":"Coral reef communities on the Island of Hawaii have been heavily affected by the construction of Kawaihae Harbor in the 1950s and by subsequent changes in land use in the adjacent watershed. Sedimentation and other forms of land-based pollution have led to declines in water quality and coral reef health over the past two decades (Tissot, 1998). Erosion mitigation efforts are underway on land, and there is a need to evaluate the impact of these actions on the adjacent coastal ecosystem. The Kohala Center and Kohala Watershed Partnership was awarded $2.69 million from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Restoration Center as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to stabilize soil and improve land-use practices in the Pelekane Bay watershed. The grant allowed the Kohala Watershed Partnership to implement various upland watershed management activities to reduce land-based sources of pollution into Pelekane Bay. However, a number of questions must be answered in order to: (1) evaluate the effectiveness of the terrestrial watershed remediation efforts; (2) understand the potential of the local marine ecosystem to recover; and (3) understand the potential threat that existing mud deposits in the bay pose to adjacent, relatively pristine coral reef ecosystems. The goal of this experiment was to help address these questions and establish a framework to evaluate the success of the Kohala Watershed Partnership restoration efforts. This research program will also provide resource managers with information relevant to other watershed restoration efforts currently being planned in neighboring watersheds. This project involved an interdisciplinary team of coral reef biologists from the University of Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program, who focused on the impact of sedimentation on the biota of Pelekane Bay, and a team of geologists and oceanographers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), who focused on the circulation and sediment dynamics in Pelekane and Kawaihae Bays. The initial findings from the USGS research program are described in this report. These measurements support the ongoing studies being conducted as part of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program’s Pacific Coral Reef Project to better understand the effect of geologic and oceanographic processes on coral reef systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121264","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Field, M.E., Presto, M., Swarzenski, P.W., Logan, J., Reiss, T.E., Elfers, T.C., Cochran, S., Torresan, M.E., and Chezar, H., 2012, Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Pelekane and Kawaihae Bays, Hawaii--measurements of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and geochronology: November 2010--March 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1264, vi, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121264.","productDescription":"vi, 104 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"111","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-11-01","temporalEnd":"2011-05-01","ipdsId":"IP-038954","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1264.jpg"},{"id":267154,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1264/"},{"id":267155,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1264/pdf/of2012-1264.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Pelekane Bay;Kawaihae Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.3,18.9 ], [ -178.3,28.4 ], [ -154.8,28.4 ], [ -154.8,18.9 ], [ -178.3,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51176fe2e4b0893acf3fff94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reiss, Thomas E. 0000-0003-0388-7076 treiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-7076","contributorId":4149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiss","given":"Thomas","email":"treiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elfers, Timothy C. telfers@usgs.gov","contributorId":5977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elfers","given":"Timothy","email":"telfers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Torresan, Michael E. mtorresan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"Michael","email":"mtorresan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chezar, Hank","contributorId":49835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chezar","given":"Hank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70043235,"text":"ofr20121221 - 2012 - Monitoring of endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) in Smith River upstream from the Philpott Reservoir on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers property near Martinsville, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T12:22:50","indexId":"ofr20121221","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1221","title":"Monitoring of endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) in Smith River upstream from the Philpott Reservoir on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers property near Martinsville, Virginia","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to continue annual monitoring of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex), an endangered fish, in the Smith River immediately upstream from Philpott Reservoir. This river reach is owned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), which must ensure that appropriate actions are undertaken to aid in recovery of logperch. Monitoring of fish abundance and habitat conditions provides a means for assessing the species’ status and its responses to USACE management actions. The Roanoke logperch is a large darter (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) endemic to the Roanoke, Dan, and Nottoway River basins of Virginia and North Carolina, where it occupies third- to sixth-order streams containing relatively silt-free substrate (Jenkins and Burkhead, 1994). Because of its rarity, small range, and vulnerability to siltation, the Roanoke logperch was listed in 1989 as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) (U.S. Federal Register 54:34468-34472). Within the Dan basin, Roanoke logperch have long been known to occupy the Smith River and one of its largest tributaries, Town Creek (Jenkins and Burkhead, 1994). Logperch also recently were discovered in other tributaries of the Dan River, including North Carolina segments of the Mayo River, Cascade Creek, Big Beaver Island Creek, Wolf Island Creek (William Hester, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, personal commun., 2012). Within the Smith River, Roanoke logperch are present both upstream and downstream from Philpott Reservoir, a hydroelectric and water storage project owned and operated by the USACE. Although logperch have not been observed in the reservoir itself, the species is relatively abundant in a free-flowing, ≈ 2.5-km-long segment of Smith River upstream from the reservoir on USACE property (Lahey and Angermeier, 2006). This segment is bounded on the downstream end by the lentic conditions of the reservoir and on the upstream end by White Falls, a natural waterfall that presumably allows fish passage during all but the lowest streamflow (Roberts and Angermeier, 2009). The ESA stipulates that USACE must ensure that its actions do not jeopardize Roanoke logperch and ensure that appropriate actions are taken to aid in the recovery of Roanoke logperch. USACE recognized that additional information was needed to assess compliance with these stipulations, including data on baseline population levels, habitat availability, and potential threats to the species on USACE property. USACE therefore contracted with Virginia Tech (VT) and the U.S. Geological Survey via the Virginia Cooperative Fisheries and Wildlife Research Unit (VCFWRU) to continue ecological monitoring that was initiated in a pilot study in 2005 (Lahey and Angermeier, 2006). The VCFWRU is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Tech, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. This final report summarizes results of biological monitoring performed by VT and the VCFWRU in 2011, and compares these data to data collected during 2006–2010 (Roberts and Angermeier, 2011). Where appropriate, a comparison was made to data on Roanoke logperch collected previously in the study reach (Lahey and Angermeier, 2006) and in the upper Roanoke River (Roberts and Angermeier, 2011). This work was performed under the auspices of VT’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol 11-035-FIW. Specifically, the following objectives were addressed: * Estimate population density of Roanoke logperch on USACE property; * Measure and map by suitability class the distribution of habitat suitable for Roanoke logperch in the project area; * Assess water quality relative to Roanoke logperch habitat in the project area; * Use the data on logperch abundance, habitat suitability, and water quality to test the general validity of correlates of logperch abundance from other locations; * Identify opportunities and threats related to protecting and enhancing Roanoke logperch habitat; and * Provide suggestions on the necessity and scale of future studies and monitoring related to logperch in and near USACE waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J.H., and Angermeier, P.L., 2012, Monitoring of endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) in Smith River upstream from the Philpott Reservoir on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers property near Martinsville, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1221, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121221.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1221.gif"},{"id":267140,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1221/"},{"id":267141,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1221/pdf/ofr2012-1221.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Martinsville","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.904077,36.643805 ], [ -79.904077,36.715337 ], [ -79.826259,36.715337 ], [ -79.826259,36.643805 ], [ -79.904077,36.643805 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114cd07e4b0ca7af0743ae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, James H.","contributorId":83811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042826,"text":"ofr20121231 - 2012 - Sampling history and 2009--2010 results for pesticides and inorganic constituents monitored by the Lake Wales Ridge Groundwater Network, central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-24T17:45:04","indexId":"ofr20121231","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1231","title":"Sampling history and 2009--2010 results for pesticides and inorganic constituents monitored by the Lake Wales Ridge Groundwater Network, central Florida","docAbstract":"The Lake Wales Ridge Monitoring (LWRM) Network was established to provide a long-term record of water quality of the surficial aquifer in one of the principal citrus-production areas of Florida. This region is underlain by sandy soils that contain minimal organic matter and are highly vulnerable to leaching of chemicals into the subsurface. This report documents the 1989 through May 2010 sampling history of the LWRM Network and summarizes monitoring results for 38 Network wells that were sampled during the period January 2009 through May 2010. During 1989 through May 2010, the Network’s citrus land-use wells were sampled intermittently to 1999, quarterly from April 1999 to October 2009, and thereafter quarterly to semiannually. The water-quality summaries in this report focus on the period January 2009 through May 2010, during which the Network’s citrus land-use wells were sampled six times and the non-citrus land-use wells were sampled two times. Within the citrus land-use wells sampled, a total of 13 pesticide compounds (8 parent pesticides and 5 degradates) were detected of the 37 pesticide compounds analyzed during this period. The most frequently detected compounds included demethyl norflurazon (83 percent of wells), norflurazon (79 percent), aldicarb sulfoxide (41 percent), aldicarb sulfone (38 percent), imidacloprid (38 percent), and diuron (28 percent). Agrichemical concentrations in samples from the citrus land-use wells during the 2009 through May 2010 period exceeded Federal drinking-water standards (maximum contaminant levels, MCLs) in 1.5 to 24 percent of samples for aldicarb and its degradates (sulfone and sulfoxide), and in 68 percent of the samples for nitrate. Florida statutes restrict the distance of aldicarb applications to drinking-water wells; however, these statutes do not apply to monitoring wells. Health-screening benchmark levels that identify unregulated chemicals of potential concern were exceeded for norflurazon and diuron in 29 and 7 percent, respectively, of the 2009–2010 samples. A comparison of agrichemical land-use effects on groundwater quality, determined on the basis of samples from LWRM Network wells in citrus and in non-citrus land-use areas, indicated significantly higher (p<0.05) concentrations of inorganic constituents in samples from citrus land-use areas compared to samples from non-citrus areas. These inorganic constituents include calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, potassium, nitrate, aluminum, manganese, strontium, and total nitrogen, and also specific conductance, an indicator of total dissolved solutes in water. In addition to land use, including irrigation, site differences such as soils and groundwater reduction/oxidation conditions might have contributed to the differences in some of these constituents. Pesticide detections were primarily restricted to the citrus land-use wells, where 22 of 23 wells yielded pesticide detections, with a median of four detected pesticide compounds per well. For the non-citrus land-use wells, typically surrounded by mixed land use including developed and undeveloped land, one of the eight sampled wells yielded pesticide detections consisting of norflurazon and its degradate, and the source(s) of these detections might have been active or recently active citrus orchards in the vicinity of this well. Results from the LWRM Network during the 1989 through May 2010 period have provided early warning of chemicals prone to leaching, guidance for developing or modifying chemical usage practices to minimize impacts to groundwater, and a mechanism for prioritizing State sampling of domestic wells to assure safe drinking-water supplies. Given the typically long time period (years to tens of years or longer) required to remove chemical contamination once it enters the groundwater system, groundwater monitoring is important to protect drinking-water sources as well as the numerous lakes in this region, which are closely connected with the surficial aquifer. Long-term monitoring of the LWRM Network is planned to continue providing early warning of potential for groundwater contamination, and to assess spatial and temporal trends in water quality resulting from changes in pesticide-use patterns and in land use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and the Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Choquette, A., Freiwald, R.S., and Kraft, C.L., 2012, Sampling history and 2009--2010 results for pesticides and inorganic constituents monitored by the Lake Wales Ridge Groundwater Network, central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1231, viii, 19 p.; Data Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121231.","productDescription":"viii, 19 p.; Data Directory","startPage":"i","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1231.gif"},{"id":266443,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1231/data"},{"id":266441,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1231/"},{"id":266442,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1231/pdf/ofr2012-1231.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63,24.52 ], [ -87.63,31.0 ], [ -80.03,31.0 ], [ -80.03,24.52 ], [ -87.63,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51026629e4b0d4f5ea817c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choquette, Anne F.","contributorId":98323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choquette","given":"Anne F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freiwald, R. Scott","contributorId":6344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraft, Carol L.","contributorId":22218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042678,"text":"ofr20121253 - 2012 - Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Saluda, Congaree, and Edisto River basins through March 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T16:33:28","indexId":"ofr20121253","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1253","title":"Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Saluda, Congaree, and Edisto River basins through March 2009","docAbstract":"Part of the mission of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources is to protect and preserve South Carolina's water resources. Doing so requires an ongoing understanding of streamflow characteristics of the rivers and streams in South Carolina. A particular need is information concerning the low-flow characteristics of streams, which is especially important for effectively managing the State's water resources during critical flow periods, such as during periods of severe drought like South Carolina has experienced in the last decade or so. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, initiated a study in 2008 to update low-flow statistics at continuous-record streamgaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in South Carolina. This report presents the low-flow statistics for 25 selected streamgaging stations in the Saluda, Congaree, and Edisto River basins in South Carolina, and includes flow durations for the 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-,75-, 90-, and 95-percent exceedances and the annual minimum 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day average flows with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years, depending on the length of record available at the streamgaging station. The low-flow statistics were computed from records available through March 31, 2009. Of the 25 streamgaging stations for which recurrence interval computations were made, 20 were compared to low-flow statistics that were published in previous U.S. Geological Survey reports. A comparison of the low-flow statistics for the annual minimum 7-day average streamflow with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10) from this study with the most recently published values indicates that 18 of the 20 streamgaging stations have values lower than the previous published values. The low-flow statistics are influenced by length of record, hydrologic regime under which the record was collected, analytical techniques used, and other changes, such as urbanization, diversions, droughts, and so on, that may have occurred in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121253","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., and Guimaraes, W.B., 2012, Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Saluda, Congaree, and Edisto River basins through March 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1253, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121253.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1253.gif"},{"id":265797,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1253/pdf/ofr2012-1253.pdf"},{"id":265796,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1253/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 17","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Congaree River Basin, Edisto River Basin, and Saluda River 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f91d70e4b0727905955f20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042548,"text":"ofr20121269 - 2012 - Implications of NGA for NEHRP site coefficients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-11T12:47:53","indexId":"ofr20121269","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1269","title":"Implications of NGA for NEHRP site coefficients","docAbstract":"Three proposals are provided to update tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (7-10), by the American Society of Civil Engineers (2010) (ASCE/SEI 7-10), with site coefficients implied directly by NGA (Next Generation Attenuation) ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Proposals include a recommendation to use straight-line interpolation to infer site coefficients at intermediate values of ̅vs (average shear velocity). Site coefficients are recommended to ensure consistency with ASCE/SEI 7-10 MCER (Maximum Considered Earthquake) seismic-design maps and simplified site-specific design spectra procedures requiring site classes with associated tabulated site coefficients and a reference site class with unity site coefficients. Recommended site coefficients are confirmed by independent observations of average site amplification coefficients inferred with respect to an average ground condition consistent with that used for the MCER maps. The NGA coefficients recommended for consideration are implied directly by the NGA GMPEs and do not require introduction of additional models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121269","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., 2012, Implications of NGA for NEHRP site coefficients: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1269, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121269.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1269.gif"},{"id":265556,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1269/"},{"id":265557,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1269/of2012-1269.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f1346ce4b0c982afefa871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042491,"text":"ofr20121210 - 2012 - 2008 Joint United States-Canadian program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Healy--Cruise HLY0806","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-09T17:36:19","indexId":"ofr20121210","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1210","title":"2008 Joint United States-Canadian program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Healy--Cruise HLY0806","docAbstract":"In September 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), conducted bathymetric and geophysical surveys in the Arctic Beaufort Sea aboard the U.S. Coast Guard cutter USCGC Healy. The principal objective of this mission to the high Arctic was to acquire data in support of delineation of the outer limits of the U.S. and Canadian Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) in the Arctic Ocean in accordance with the provisions of Article 76 of the Law of the Sea Convention.\n\nThe Healy was accompanied by the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Louis S. St- Laurent. The science parties on the two vessels consisted principally of staff from the USGS (Healy), and the GSC and the Canadian Hydrographic Service (Louis). The crew included marine mammal and Native-community observers, ice observers, and biologists conducting research of opportunity in the Arctic Ocean.\n\nThe joint survey proved an unqualified success. The Healy collected 5,528 km of swath (multibeam) bathymetry (38,806 km2) and CHIRP subbottom profile data, with accompanying marine gravity measurements. The Louis acquired 2,817 km of multichannel seismic (airgun) deep-penetration reflection-profile data along 12 continuous lines, as well as 35 sonobuoy refraction stations and accompanying single-beam bathymetry. The coordinated efforts of the two vessels resulted in seismic-reflection profile data of much higher quality and continuity than if the data had been acquired with a single vessel alone. Equipment failure rate of the seismic equipment gear aboard the Louis was greatly improved with the advantage of having a leading icebreaker. When ice conditions proved too severe to deploy the seismic system, the Louis led the Healy, resulting in much improved quality of the swath bathymetry and CHIRP sub-bottom data in comparison with data collected by the Healy in the lead or working alone. Ancillary science objectives, including ice observations, deployment of ice-monitoring buoys and water-column sampling for biologic (phytoplankton) studies, were also successfully accomplished.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121210","usgsCitation":"Childs, J.R., Triezenberg, P., and Danforth, W.W., 2012, 2008 Joint United States-Canadian program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Healy--Cruise HLY0806: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1210, iii, 15 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Appendices: A-G, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121210.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Appendices: A-G","startPage":"i","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1210.gif"},{"id":265494,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1210/of2012-1210_text.pdf"},{"id":265495,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1210/appendixes"},{"id":265493,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1210/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -165.0,70.0 ], [ -165.0,85.0 ], [ -120.0,85.0 ], [ -120.0,70.0 ], [ -165.0,70.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4924e4b0b290850eee9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter J.","contributorId":32625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042366,"text":"ofr20121261 - 2012 - Should ground-motion records be rotated to fault-normal/parallel or maximum direction for response history analysis of buildings?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-06T12:07:11","indexId":"ofr20121261","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1261","title":"Should ground-motion records be rotated to fault-normal/parallel or maximum direction for response history analysis of buildings?","docAbstract":"In the United States, regulatory seismic codes (for example, California Building Code) require at least two sets of horizontal ground-motion components for three-dimensional (3D) response history analysis (RHA) of building structures. For sites within 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) of an active fault, these records should be rotated to fault-normal and fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions, and two RHAs should be performed separately—when FN and then FP direction are aligned with transverse direction of the building axes. This approach is assumed to lead to two sets of responses that envelope the range of possible responses over all nonredundant rotation angles. The validity of this assumption is examined here using 3D computer models of single-story structures having symmetric (torsionally stiff) and asymmetric (torsionally flexible) layouts subjected to an ensemble of near-fault ground motions with and without apparent velocity pulses. In this parametric study, the elastic vibration period is varied from 0.2 to 5 seconds, and yield-strength reduction factors, R, are varied from a value that leads to linear-elastic design to 3 and 5. Further validations are performed using 3D computer models of 9-story structures having symmetric and asymmetric layouts subjected to the same ground-motion set. The influence of the ground-motion rotation angle on several engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is examined in both linear-elastic and nonlinear-inelastic domains to form benchmarks for evaluating the use of the FN/FP directions and also the maximum direction (MD). The MD ground motion is a new definition for horizontal ground motions for use in site-specific ground-motion procedures for seismic design according to provisions of the American Society of Civil Engineers/Seismic Engineering Institute (ASCE/SEI) 7-10. The results of this study have important implications for current practice, suggesting that ground motions rotated to MD or FN/FP directions do not necessarily provide the most critical EDPs in nonlinear-inelastic domain; however, they tend to produce larger EDPs than as-recorded (arbitrarily oriented) motions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121261","usgsCitation":"Reyes, J.C., and Kalkan, E., 2012, Should ground-motion records be rotated to fault-normal/parallel or maximum direction for response history analysis of buildings?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1261, xii, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121261.","productDescription":"xii, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"93","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040285","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1261.gif"},{"id":265291,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1261/"},{"id":265292,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1261/of2012-1261.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50eaac31e4b02dd6076fadba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reyes, Juan C.","contributorId":30731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042369,"text":"ofr20121248 - 2012 - Comparison of concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of fishes from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-06T12:06:29","indexId":"ofr20121248","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1248","title":"Comparison of concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of fishes from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast","docAbstract":"To determine the environmental consequences of decommissioning offshore oil platforms on local and regional fish populations, contaminant loads in reproducing adults were investigated at seven platform sites and adjacent, natural sites. Specimens of three species (Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus; kelp rockfish, Sebastes atrovirens; and kelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus) residing at platforms and representing the regional background within the Santa Barbara Channel and within the San Pedro Basin were collected. Some of the most important contaminant classes related to oil operations are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because of their potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. However, acute exposure cannot be related directly to PAH tissue concentrations because of rapid metabolism of the parent chemicals in fish; therefore, PAH metabolites in bile were measured, targeting free hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) liberated by enzymatic hydrolysis of the bound PAH glucuronides and sulfates. An ion-pairing method was developed for confirmatory analysis that targeted PAH glucuronides and sulfates. Concentrations of hydroxylated PAHs in all samples (76 fish from platforms and 64 fish from natural sites) were low, ranging from less than the limits of detection (5 to 120 nanograms per milliliter bile; 0.03 to 42 nanograms per milligram protein) to a maximum of 320 nanograms per milliliter bile (32 nanograms per milligram protein). A previously proposed dosimeter of PAH exposure in fish, 1-hydroxypyrene, was not detected at any platform site. Low concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene were detected in 3 of 12 kelp rockfish collected from a natural reef site off Santa Barbara. The most prevalent OH-PAH, 2-hydroxyfluorene, was detected at low concentrations in seven fish of various species; of these, four were from two of the seven platform sites. The greatest concentrations of 2-hydroxyfluorene were found in three fish of various species from Platform Holly and were only about threefold above low, yet quantifiable, concentrations found in three fish from Horseshoe Reef, East Anacapa Island, and Coche Point natural sites; the mean concentrations among all sampling sites were not measurably different.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Gale, R.W., Tanner, M.J., Love, M., Nishimoto, M.M., and Schroeder, D.M., 2012, Comparison of concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of fishes from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1248, Report: v, 27 p.; Supplemental Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121248.","productDescription":"Report: v, 27 p.; Supplemental Tables","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-029789","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1248.gif"},{"id":265297,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1248/"},{"id":265298,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1248/of2012-1248.pdf"},{"id":265299,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1248/downloads/supplemental_tables.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Goleta;Long Beach;Santa Barbara","otherGeospatial":"Anacapa Island;Catalina Island;Santa Cruz Island;Southern California Bight","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,33.58 ], [ -120.0,34.6 ], [ -117.9,34.6 ], [ -117.9,33.58 ], [ -120.0,33.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50eaab76e4b02dd6076fad9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Michael J.","contributorId":55115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, Milton S.","contributorId":74652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Milton S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishimoto, Mary M.","contributorId":54083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimoto","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroeder, Donna M.","contributorId":67604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042274,"text":"ofr20121252 - 2012 - Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:52:33","indexId":"ofr20121252","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1252","title":"Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion","docAbstract":"Detecting, quantifying, and projecting historical and future changes in land use and land cover (LULC) has emerged as a core research area for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Changes in LULC are important drivers of changes to biogeochemical cycles, the exchange of energy between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere, biodiversity, water quality, and climate change. To quantify the rates of recent historical LULC change, the USGS Land Cover Trends project recently completed a unique ecoregion-based assessment of late 20th century LULC change for the western United States. To characterize present LULC, the USGS and partners have created the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) for the years 1992, 2001, and 2006. Both Land Cover Trends and NLCD projects continue to evolve in an effort to better characterize historical and present LULC conditions and are the foundation of the data presented in this report.\n\nProjecting future changes in LULC requires an understanding of the rates and patterns of change, the major driving forces, and the socioeconomic and biophysical determinants and capacities of regions. The data presented in this report is the result of an effort by USGS scientists to downscale the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) to ecoregions of the conterminous United States as part of the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Assessment. The USGS biological carbon assessment was mandated by Section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. As part of the legislative mandate, the USGS is required to publish a methodology describing, in detail, the approach to be used for the assessment. The development of future LULC scenarios is described in chapter 3.2 and appendix A. Spatial modeling is described in chapter 3.3.2 and appendix B and in Sohl and others (2011). In this report, we briefly summarize the major components and methods used to downscale IPCC-SRES scenarios to ecoregions of the conterminous United States, followed by a description of the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion, and lastly a description of the data being published as part of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121252","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.S., Sleeter, B.M., Sohl, T.L., Griffith, G., Acevedo, W., Bennett, S., Bouchard, M., Reker, R.R., Ryan, C., Sayler, K., Sleeter, R., and Soulard, C.E., 2012, Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1252, Report: iii, 14 p.; Appendices: A-C, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121252.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 14 p.; Appendices: A-C","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037302","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265010,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/"},{"id":265011,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_text.pdf","text":"Report"},{"id":265013,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_a_metadata","text":"Appendix A metadata"},{"id":265015,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_a-baseline_maps.zip","text":"Appendix A data"},{"id":265014,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_c-projected_LULC_2006-2100.zip","text":"Appendix C data"},{"id":265012,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_b-demand_table.zip","text":"Appendix B demand table"},{"id":265016,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_c_metadata","text":"Appendix C metadata"},{"id":265017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1252.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7857,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,49.0024 ], [ -114.13,49.0024 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cffee4b0a4aa5bb0aefd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Tamara 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sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel 0000-0003-3477-0436 rsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-0436","contributorId":666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel","email":"rsleeter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70042275,"text":"ofr20121241 - 2012 - Advanced earthquake monitoring system for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs medical buildings--instrumentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-04T14:50:35","indexId":"ofr20121241","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1241","title":"Advanced earthquake monitoring system for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs medical buildings--instrumentation","docAbstract":"In collaboration with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the National Strong Motion Project (NSMP; http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/) of the U.S. Geological Survey has been installing sophisticated seismic systems that will monitor the structural integrity of 28 VA hospital buildings located in seismically active regions of the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico during earthquake shaking. These advanced monitoring systems, which combine the use of sensitive accelerometers and real-time computer calculations, are designed to determine the structural health of each hospital building rapidly after an event, helping the VA to ensure the safety of patients and staff. This report presents the instrumentation component of this project by providing details of each hospital building, including a summary of its structural, geotechnical, and seismic hazard information, as well as instrumentation objectives and design. The structural-health monitoring component of the project, including data retrieval and processing, damage detection and localization, automated alerting system, and finally data dissemination, will be presented in a separate report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121241","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Department of Veterans Affairs","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., Banga, K., Ulusoy, H.S., Fletcher, J.P., Leith, W.S., Reza, S., and Cheng, T., 2012, Advanced earthquake monitoring system for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs medical buildings--instrumentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1241, xi, 143 p.; col. ill.; map (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121241.","productDescription":"xi, 143 p.; col. ill.; map (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"154","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041791","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265007,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1241/"},{"id":265008,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1241/of2012-1241.pdf"},{"id":265009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1241.gif"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfdde4b0a4aa5bb0ae64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banga, Krishna","contributorId":33152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banga","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ulusoy, Hasan S. hulusoy@usgs.gov","contributorId":5360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulusoy","given":"Hasan","email":"hulusoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leith, William S. 0000-0002-3463-3119 wleith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-3119","contributorId":2248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"William","email":"wleith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reza, Shahneam sreza@usgs.gov","contributorId":5361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reza","given":"Shahneam","email":"sreza@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cheng, Timothy","contributorId":54869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70042277,"text":"ofr20121259 - 2012 - Mars global digital dune database: MC-30","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-15T15:21:17","indexId":"ofr20121259","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1259","title":"Mars global digital dune database: MC-30","docAbstract":"The Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3) provides data and describes the methodology used in creating the global database of moderate- to large-size dune fields on Mars. The database is being released in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports. The first report (Hayward and others, 2007) included dune fields from lat 65° N. to 65° S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1158/). The second report (Hayward and others, 2010) included dune fields from lat 60° N. to 90° N. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1170/). This report encompasses ~75,000 km2 of mapped dune fields from lat 60° to 90° S. The dune fields included in this global database were initially located using Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Infrared (IR) images. In the previous two reports, some dune fields may have been unintentionally excluded for two reasons: (1) incomplete THEMIS IR (daytime) coverage may have caused us to exclude some moderate- to large-size dune fields or (2) resolution of THEMIS IR coverage (100 m/pixel) certainly caused us to exclude smaller dune fields. In this report, mapping is more complete. The Arizona State University THEMIS daytime IR mosaic provided complete IR coverage, and it is unlikely that we missed any large dune fields in the South Pole (SP) region. In addition, the increased availability of higher resolution images resulted in the inclusion of more small (~1 km2) sand dune fields and sand patches. To maintain consistency with the previous releases, we have identified the sand features that would not have been included in earlier releases. While the moderate to large dune fields in MGD3 are likely to constitute the largest compilation of sediment on the planet, we acknowledge that our database excludes numerous small dune fields and some moderate to large dune fields as well. Please note that the absence of mapped dune fields does not mean that dune fields do not exist and is not intended to imply a lack of saltating sand in other areas. Where availability and quality of THEMIS visible (VIS), Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) narrow angle, Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera, or Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images allowed, we classified dunes and included some dune slipface measurements, which were derived from gross dune morphology and represent the approximate prevailing wind direction at the last time of significant dune modification. It was beyond the scope of this report to look at the detail needed to discern subtle dune modification. It was also beyond the scope of this report to measure all slipfaces. We attempted to include enough slipface measurements to represent the general circulation (as implied by gross dune morphology) and to give a sense of the complex nature of aeolian activity on Mars. The absence of slipface measurements in a given direction should not be taken as evidence that winds in that direction did not occur. When a dune field was located within a crater, the azimuth from crater centroid to dune field centroid was calculated, as another possible indicator of wind direction. Output from a general circulation model is also included. In addition to polygons locating dune fields, the database includes ~700 of the THEMIS VIS and MOC images that were used to build the database.
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The geologic sequestration of CO2 is one possible way to mitigate its effects on climate change. The methodology used for the national CO2 assessment (Open-File Report 2010-1127; http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1127/) is based on previous USGS probabilistic oil and gas assessment methodologies. The methodology is non-economic and intended to be used at regional to subbasinal scales. The operational unit of the assessment is a storage assessment unit (SAU), composed of a porous storage formation with fluid flow and an overlying sealing unit with low permeability. Assessments are conducted at the SAU level and are aggregated to basinal and regional results. This report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of SAUs in separate packages of sedimentary rocks within the assessed basin and focuses on the particular characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO2 storage resource in those SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries as well as their sealing and reservoir units are included. Properties for each SAU such as depth to top, gross thickness, net porous thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps are provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information included here will be employed, as specified in the methodology, to calculate a statistical Monte Carlo-based distribution of potential storage space in the various SAUs. Figures in this report show SAU boundaries and cell maps of well penetrations through the sealing unit into the top of the storage formation. Wells sharing the same well borehole are treated as a single penetration. Cell maps show the number of penetrating wells within one square mile and are derived from interpretations of incompletely attributed well data, a digital compilation that is known not to include all drilling. The USGS does not expect to know the location of all wells and cannot guarantee the amount of drilling through specific formations in any given cell shown on cell maps.
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