Potential-field anomalies can be transformed into special functions that form peaks and ridges over isolated sources. All special functions have a common mathematical form over an isolated source, which leads to a common equation for estimating the source depth from the peak value and the curvature at the peak. Model-specific special functions, usually calculated from a transformed version of a potential field, are used to estimate the locations of very specific source types. Model-independent special functions calculated from an observed or transformed potential field can be used to estimate the locations of a variety of source types. Vertical integration is a particularly useful transformation for reducing the effects of noise and increasing the coherency of solutions from model-independent special functions. For gridded data, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the curvature matrix associated with a quadratic surface that is fitted to a special function within 3 × 3 windows can be used to locate the sources and estimate their depths and strikes. Discrete source locations estimated in this manner can be connected into lines that follow contacts, faults, and other mappable features based on distance and azimuth criteria. These concepts are demonstrated on aeromagnetic data from the Albuquerque basin of New Mexico, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1071/EG07014","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., Hansen, R.O., and Blakely, R.J., 2007, The use of curvature in potential-field interpretation: Exploration Geophysics, v. 38, no. 2, p. 111-119, https://doi.org/10.1071/EG07014.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.71667,\n 34.8500\n ],\n [\n -106.68333,\n 34.8500\n ],\n [\n -106.68333,\n 34.900\n ],\n [\n -106.71667,\n 34.900\n ],\n [\n -106.71667,\n 34.8500\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, R. O.","contributorId":29201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205788,"text":"70205788 - 2007 - Sperm cryopreservation in fish and shellfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-03T11:27:35","indexId":"70205788","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-31T11:20:42","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5869,"text":"Society for Reproduction and Fertility Supplement","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sperm cryopreservation in fish and shellfish","docAbstract":"Initial success in sperm cryopreservation came at about the same time for aquatic species and livestock. However, in the 50-plus years since then cryopreserved sperm of livestock has grown into a billion-dollar global industry, while despite work in some 200 species with well over 200 published reports, cryopreservation of aquatic species sperm remains essentially a research activity with little commercial application. Most research has focused on large-bodied culture and sport fishes, such as salmonids, carps, and catfishes, and mollusks such as commercially important oyster and abalone species. However, only a handful of studies have addressed sperm cryopreservation in small fishes, such as zebrafish, and in endangered species. Overall, this work has yielded techniques that are being applied with varying levels of success around the world. Barriers to expanded application include a diverse and widely distributed literature base, technical problems, small sperm volumes, variable results, a general lack of access to the technology, and most importantly, the lack of standardization in practices and reporting. The benefits of cryopreservation include at least five levels of improvements for existing industries and for creation of new industries. First, cryopreservation can be used to improve existing hatchery operations by providing sperm on demand and simplifying the timing of induced spawning. Second, frozen sperm can enhance efficient use of facilities and create new opportunities in the hatchery by eliminating the need to maintain live males, potentially freeing resources for use with females and larvae. Third, valuable genetic lineages such as endangered species, research models, or improved farmed strains can be protected by storage of frozen sperm. Fourth, cryopreservation opens the door for rapid genetic improvement. Frozen sperm can be used in breeding programs to create improved lines and shape the genetic resources available for aquaculture. Finally, cryopreserved sperm of aquatic species will at some point become an entirely new industry itself. A successful industry will require integrated practices for sample collection, refrigerated storage, freezing, thawing, rules for use and disposal, transfer agreements, and database development. Indeed the development of this new industry is currently constrained by factors including the technical requirements for scaling-up to commercial operations during the transition from research, and the absence of uniform quality control practices, industry standards, marketing and price structures, and appropriate biosecurity safeguards.
A distinctive set of fine-grained deposits occurs throughout the lower Colorado River Valley, extending from just below the mouth of Grand Canyon to well into the river delta below Yuma, AZ (Figure 1), an along-channel distance of over 700 km. Upstream of Parker, Arizona, the deposits consist of scattered erosional remnants up to 150 m above the modern floodplain. Below Parker, they occur in isolated outcrops but also underlie large continuous terraces such as Parker Mesa, Palo Verde Mesa, and Yuma Mesa. These deposits form the Chemehuevi Formation of Longwell (1936).
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wild, Scenic and Rapid, a trip down the Colorado River trough: Field trip guide and abstracts from the 2007 Desert Symposium","language":"English","publisher":"California State University","publisherLocation":"Northridge, CA","usgsCitation":"Malmon, D.V., and Howard, K.A., 2007, Overview: The Chemehuevi Formation along the lower Colorado River, in Wild, Scenic and Rapid, a trip down the Colorado River trough: Field trip guide and abstracts from the 2007 Desert Symposium, p. 57-60.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355924,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.desertsymposium.org/About.html"},{"id":355925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Chemehuevi Formation, Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.224365234375,\n 33.03629817885956\n ],\n [\n -112.84057617187499,\n 33.03629817885956\n ],\n [\n -112.84057617187499,\n 35.69299463209881\n ],\n [\n -116.224365234375,\n 35.69299463209881\n ],\n [\n -116.224365234375,\n 33.03629817885956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98bf32e4b0702d0e845896","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R.E.","contributorId":205013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36206,"text":"Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740776,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Malmon, Daniel V.","contributorId":89998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmon","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193777,"text":"70193777 - 2007 - Integrating human impacts and ecological integrity into a risk-based protocol for conservation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-01T13:56:05.656411","indexId":"70193777","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating human impacts and ecological integrity into a risk-based protocol for conservation planning","docAbstract":"Conservation planning aims to protect biodiversity by sustainng the natural physical, chemical, and biological processes within representative ecosystems. Often data to measure these components are inadequate or unavailable. The impact of human activities on ecosystem processes complicates integrity assessments and might alter ecosystem organization at multiple spatial scales. Freshwater conservation targets, such as populations and communities, are influenced by both intrinsic aquatic properties and the surrounding landscape, and locally collected data might not accurately reflect potential impacts. We suggest that changes in five major biotic drivers—energy sources, physical habitat, flow regime, water quality, and biotic interactions—might be used as surrogates to inform conservation planners of the ecological integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Threats to freshwater systems might be evaluated based on their impact to these drivers to provide an overview of potential risk to conservation targets. We developed a risk-based protocol, the Ecological Risk Index (ERI), to identify watersheds with least/most risk to conservation targets. Our protocol combines risk-based components, specifically the frequency and severity of human-induced stressors, with biotic drivers and mappable land- and water-use data to provide a summary of relative risk to watersheds. We illustrate application of our protocol with a case study of the upper Tennessee River basin, USA. Differences in risk patterns among the major drainages in the basin reflect dominant land uses, such as mining and agriculture. A principal components analysis showed that localized, moderately severe threats accounted for most of the threat composition differences among our watersheds. We also found that the relative importance of threats is sensitive to the spatial grain of the analysis. Our case study demonstrates that the ERI is useful for evaluating the frequency and severity of ecosystemwide risk, which can inform local and regional conservation planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-005-0238-7","usgsCitation":"Mattson, K., and Angermeier, P.L., 2007, Integrating human impacts and ecological integrity into a risk-based protocol for conservation planning: Environmental Management, v. 39, no. 1, p. 125-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0238-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"128","ipdsId":"IP-031969","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Upper Tennessee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.84716796875,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -85.84716796875,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -85.84716796875,\n 34.994003757575776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a05771ee4b09af898c70878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, K.M.","contributorId":78571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80768,"text":"ofr20071267 - 2007 - Phosphorus Concentrations in Stream-Water and Reference Samples - An Assessment of Laboratory Comparability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"ofr20071267","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1267","title":"Phosphorus Concentrations in Stream-Water and Reference Samples - An Assessment of Laboratory Comparability","docAbstract":"In 2003, a study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and precision of 10 laboratories that analyze water-quality samples for phosphorus concentrations in the Catskill Mountain region of New York State. Many environmental studies in this region rely on data from these different laboratories for water-quality analyses, and the data may be used in watershed modeling and management decisions. Therefore, it is important to determine whether the data reported by these laboratories are of comparable accuracy and precision. Each laboratory was sent 12 samples for triplicate analysis for total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphorus. Eight of these laboratories reported results that met comparability criteria for all samples; the remaining two laboratories met comparability criteria for only about half of the analyses. Neither the analytical method used nor the sample concentration ranges appeared to affect the comparability of results. The laboratories whose results were comparable gave consistently comparable results throughout the concentration range analyzed, and the differences among methods did not diminish comparability. All laboratories had high data precision as indicated by sample triplicate results. In addition, the laboratories consistently reported total phosphorus values greater than total dissolved phosphorus values, and total dissolved phosphorus values greater than soluble reactive phosphorus values, as would be expected. The results of this study emphasize the importance of regular laboratory participation in sample-exchange programs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071267","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"McHale, M.R., and McChesney, D., 2007, Phosphorus Concentrations in Stream-Water and Reference Samples - An Assessment of Laboratory Comparability: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1267, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071267.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10613,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685fe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHale, Michael R. 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":1735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McChesney, Dennis","contributorId":31842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McChesney","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188113,"text":"70188113 - 2007 - Sampling and monitoring for closure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T14:02:02","indexId":"70188113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling and monitoring for closure","docAbstract":"An important aspect of planning a new mine or mine expansion within the modern regulatory framework is to design for ultimate closure. Sampling and monitoring for closure is a form of environmental risk management. By implementing a sampling and monitoring program early in the life of the mining operation, major costs can be avoided or minimized. The costs for treating mine drainage in perpetuity are staggering, especially if they are unanticipated. The Metal Mining Sector of the Acid Drainage Technology Initiative (ADTI-MMS), a cooperative government-industry-academia organization, was established to address drainage-quality technologies of metal mining and metallurgical operations. ADTI-MMS recommends that sampling and monitoring programs consider the entire mine-life cycle and that data needed for closure of an operation be collected from exploration through postclosure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2007.4017(11)","usgsCitation":"McLemore, V.T., Smith, K.S., and Russell, C.C., 2007, Sampling and monitoring for closure: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 17, p. 171-180, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.4017(11).","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":102,"text":"Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd641e4b0e9bd0ea89717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLemore, Virginia T.","contributorId":113338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLemore","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, Carol C.","contributorId":140998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80762,"text":"pp1721 - 2007 - Analysis of improved government geological map information for mineral exploration: Incorporating efficiency, productivity, effectiveness, and risk considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-27T12:33:35","indexId":"pp1721","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1721","title":"Analysis of improved government geological map information for mineral exploration: Incorporating efficiency, productivity, effectiveness, and risk considerations","docAbstract":"This bulletin/professional paper focuses on the value of geoscientific information and knowledge, as provided in published government bedrock geological maps, to the mineral exploration sector. An economic model is developed that uses an attribute- ranking approach to convert geological maps into domains of mineral favourability. Information about known deposits in these (or analogous) favourability domains allow the calculation of exploration search statistics that provide input into measures of exploration efficiency, productivity, effectiveness, risk, and cost stemming from the use of the published geological maps. Two case studies, the Flin Flon Belt (Manitoba and Saskatchewan) and the south Baffin Island area (Nunavut), demonstrate that updated, finer resolution maps can be used to identify more exploration campaign options, and campaigns thats are more efficient, more effective, and less risky than old, coarser resolution maps when used as a guide for mineral exploration. The Flin Flon Belt study illustrates that an updated, coarser resolution bedrock map enables improved mineral exploration efficiency, productivity, and effectiveness by locating 60% more targets and supporting an exploration campaign that is 44% more efficient. Refining the map resolution provides an additional 17% reduction in search effort across all favourable domains and a 55% reduction in search effort in the most favourable domain. The south Baffin Island case study projects a 40% increase in expected targets and a 27% reduction in search effort when the updated, finer resolution map is used in lieu of the old, coarser resolution map. On southern Baffin Island, the economic value of the up dated map ranges from CAN$2.28 million to CAN$15.21 million, which can be compared to the CAN$1.86 million that it cost to produce the map (a multiplier effect of up to eight).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1721","issn":"0068-7626","isbn":"9780660197210","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R., Wein, A., St-Onge, M.R., and Lucas, S., 2007, Analysis of improved government geological map information for mineral exploration: Incorporating efficiency, productivity, effectiveness, and risk considerations (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1721, Report: vi, 45 p.; Also available on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1721.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 45 p.; Also available on CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1721.jpg"},{"id":10608,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1721/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,54.5 ], [ -102,55.5 ], [ -99.5,55.5 ], [ -99.5,54.5 ], [ -102,54.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wein, A.M.","contributorId":81758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"St-Onge, M. R.","contributorId":81368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St-Onge","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucas, S.B.","contributorId":78203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80742,"text":"fs20073103 - 2007 - Questions and Answers About the Effects of Septic Systems on Water Quality in the La Pine Area, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"fs20073103","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3103","title":"Questions and Answers About the Effects of Septic Systems on Water Quality in the La Pine Area, Oregon","docAbstract":"Nitrate levels in the ground-water aquifer underlying the central Oregon city of La Pine and the surrounding area are increasing due to contamination from residential septic systems. This contamination has public health implications because ground water is the sole source of drinking water for area residents. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Deschutes County and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, studied the movement and chemistry of nitrate in the aquifer and developed computer models that can be used to predict future nitrate levels and to evaluate alternatives for protecting water quality. This fact sheet summarizes the results of that study in the form of questions and answers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Deschutes County and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.S., Morgan, D.S., and Hinkle, S.R., 2007, Questions and Answers About the Effects of Septic Systems on Water Quality in the La Pine Area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3103, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073103.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3103.jpg"},{"id":10604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,43.5 ], [ -121.75,44 ], [ -121.33333333333333,44 ], [ -121.33333333333333,43.5 ], [ -121.75,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John S. johnw@usgs.gov","contributorId":329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"johnw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80739,"text":"sir20075244 - 2007 - Geophysical delineation of the freshwater/saline-water transition zone in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer, Travis and Hays Counties, Texas, September 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T13:39:04","indexId":"sir20075244","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5244","title":"Geophysical delineation of the freshwater/saline-water transition zone in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer, Travis and Hays Counties, Texas, September 2006","docAbstract":"During September 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, conducted a geophysical pilot study to determine whether time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) sounding could be used to delineate the freshwater/saline-water transition zone in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer in Travis and Hays Counties, Texas. There was uncertainty regarding the application of TDEM sounding for this purpose because of the depth of the aquifer (200-500 feet to the top of the aquifer) and the relatively low-resistivity clayey units in the upper confining unit. Twenty-five TDEM soundings were made along four 2-3-mile-long profiles in a study area overlying the transition zone near the Travis-Hays County boundary. The soundings yield measurements of subsurface electrical resistivity, the variations in which were correlated with hydrogeologic and stratigraphic units, and then with dissolved solids concentrations in the aquifer. Geonics Protem 47 and 57 systems with 492-foot and 328-foot transmitter-loop sizes were used to collect the TDEM soundings. A smooth model (vertical delineation of calculated apparent resistivity that represents an estimate [non-unique] of the true resistivity) for each sounding site was created using an iterative software program for inverse modeling. The effectiveness of using TDEM soundings to delineate the transition zone was indicated by comparing the distribution of resistivity in the aquifer with the distribution of dissolved solids concentrations in the aquifer along the profiles. TDEM sounding data show that, in general, the Edwards aquifer in the study area is characterized by a sharp change in resistivity from west to east. The western part of the Edwards aquifer in the study area shows higher resistivity than the eastern part. The higher resistivity regions correspond to lower dissolved solids concentrations (freshwater), and the lower resistivity regions correspond to higher dissolved solids concentrations (saline water). On the basis of reasonably close matches between the inferred locations of the freshwater/saline-water transition zone in the Edwards aquifer in the study area from resistivities and from dissolved solids concentrations in three of the four profiles, TDEM sounding appears to be a suitable tool for delineating the transition zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075244","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Payne, J., Kress, W., Shah, S., Stefanov, J., Smith, B., and Hunt, B., 2007, Geophysical delineation of the freshwater/saline-water transition zone in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer, Travis and Hays Counties, Texas, September 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5244, Report: vi, 21 p.; 6 Appendixes: 75 p. & Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075244.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 21 p.; 6 Appendixes: 75 p. & Data","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-09-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075244.gif"},{"id":10600,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.03333333333333,30 ], [ -98.03333333333333,30.3675 ], [ -97.68333333333334,30.3675 ], [ -97.68333333333334,30 ], [ -98.03333333333333,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, J.D.","contributorId":20029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kress, W.H.","contributorId":40672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shah, S.D.","contributorId":78426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stefanov, J.E.","contributorId":24041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefanov","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, B.A.","contributorId":17616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, B.B.","contributorId":90409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":80733,"text":"sir20075264 - 2007 - Velocities and Attenuations of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:06","indexId":"sir20075264","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5264","title":"Velocities and Attenuations of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments","docAbstract":"Monopole and dipole logging data at the Mallik 5L-38, Mackenzie Delta, Canada, provide a challenge for sonic velocity and attenuation models used to remotely estimate pore-space gas hydrate content. Velocity and attenuation are linked, with velocity dispersion causing increased attenuation. Sonic waveforms for Mallik 5L-38, however, show no velocity dispersion in gas hydrate-bearing layers, yet are highly attenuated. Attenuation models applied to Mallik 5L-38 data are shown to be inconsistent with the observed velocity measurements, and therefore are suspect in their ability to predict gas hydrate content. A model explicitly linking velocity and attenuation data is presented, accurately predicting gas hydrate content from velocity data alone while demonstrating that the attenuation mechanisms at the Mallik 5L-38 site have not yet been identified.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075264","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2007, Velocities and Attenuations of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5264, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075264.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5264.jpg"},{"id":10594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80718,"text":"sir20075206 - 2007 - Development of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Determining Environmental Flows for New Jersey Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"sir20075206","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5206","title":"Development of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Determining Environmental Flows for New Jersey Streams","docAbstract":"The natural flow regime paradigm and parallel stream ecological concepts and theories have established the benefits of maintaining or restoring the full range of natural hydrologic variation for physiochemical processes, biodiversity, and the evolutionary potential of aquatic and riparian communities. A synthesis of recent advances in hydroecological research coupled with stream classification has resulted in a new process to determine environmental flows and assess hydrologic alteration. This process has national and international applicability. It allows classification of streams into hydrologic stream classes and identification of a set of non-redundant and ecologically relevant hydrologic indices for 10 critical sub-components of flow. Three computer programs have been developed for implementing the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process (HIP): (1) the Hydrologic Indices Tool (HIT), which calculates 171 ecologically relevant hydrologic indices on the basis of daily-flow and peak-flow stream-gage data; (2) the New Jersey Hydrologic Assessment Tool (NJHAT), which can be used to establish a hydrologic baseline period, provide options for setting baseline environmental-flow standards, and compare past and proposed streamflow alterations; and (3) the New Jersey Stream Classification Tool (NJSCT), designed for placing unclassified streams into pre-defined stream classes. Biological and multivariate response models including principal-component, cluster, and discriminant-function analyses aided in the development of software and implementation of the HIP for New Jersey. A pilot effort is currently underway by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection in which the HIP is being used to evaluate the effects of past and proposed surface-water use, ground-water extraction, and land-use changes on stream ecosystems while determining the most effective way to integrate the process into ongoing regulatory programs. Ultimately, this scientifically defensible process will help to quantify the effects of anthropogenic changes and development on hydrologic variability and help planners and resource managers balance current and future water requirements with ecological needs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Kennen, J., Henriksen, J.A., and Nieswand, S.P., 2007, Development of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Determining Environmental Flows for New Jersey Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5206, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075206.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10579,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.75 ], [ -76,41.5 ], [ -73,41.5 ], [ -73,38.75 ], [ -76,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henriksen, James A.","contributorId":89985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henriksen","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nieswand, Steven P.","contributorId":98793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nieswand","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157343,"text":"70157343 - 2007 - Sources of seasonal water-supply forecast skill in the western US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-18T16:55:05","indexId":"70157343","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sources of seasonal water-supply forecast skill in the western US","docAbstract":"Many water supplies in the western US depend on water that is stored in snowpacks and reservoirs during the cool, wet seasons for release and use in the following warm seasons. Managers of these water supplies must decide each winter how much water will be available in subsequent seasons so that they can proactively capture and store water and can make reliable commitments for later deliveries. Long-lead water-supply forecasts are thus important components of water managers' decisionmaking. Present-day operational water-supply forecasts draw skill from observations of the amount of water in upland snowpacks, along with estimates of the amount of water otherwise available (often via surrogates for antecedent precipitation, soil moisture or baseflows). Occasionally, the historical hydroclimatic influences of various global climate conditions may be factored in to forecasts. The relative contributions of (potential) forecast skill for January-March and April-July seasonal water- supply availability from these sources are mapped across the western US as lag correlations among elements of the inputs and outputs from a physically based, regional land-surface hydrology model of the western US from 1950-1999. Information about snow-water contents is the most valuable predictor for forecasts made through much of the cool-season but, before the snows begin to fall, indices of El Nino-Southern Oscillation are the primary source of whatever meager skill is available. The contributions to forecast skill made available by knowledge of antecedent flows (a traditional predictor) and soil moisture at the time the long-lead forecast is issued are compared, to gain insights into the potential usefulness of new soil-moisture monitoring options in the region. When similar computations are applied to simulated flows under historical conditions, but with a uniform +2°C warming imposed, the widespread diminution of snowpacks reduces forecast skills, although skill contributed by measures of antecedent moisture conditions (soil moisture or baseflows) grow in stature, relative to snowpacks, in partial compensation. Forecast skills, e.g., of March forecasts for April-July water supplies from those parts of the region that yield the majority of the runoff, decline by an average of about 15% of captured variance in response to the imposed warming.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"AGU Fall Meeting: 10-14 December 2007, 40 years in San Francisco, Calif.","conferenceTitle":"American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007","conferenceDate":"December 10-14 2007","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, California","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M., 2007, Sources of seasonal water-supply forecast skill in the western US, in AGU Fall Meeting: 10-14 December 2007, 40 years in San Francisco, Calif., San Francisco, California, December 10-14 2007.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35bbe4b05d6c4e502c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, Michael 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":147804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80713,"text":"sim2992 - 2007 - Geologic Map of the Gold Creek Gold District, Elko County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"sim2992","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2992","title":"Geologic Map of the Gold Creek Gold District, Elko County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Gold Creek, Nev. area displays important stratigraphic and structural relationships between Paleozoic and early Tertiary sedimentary strata in an area dominated by large intrusive bodies of Mesozoic age and extensive volcanic fields of middle to late Tertiary age. An autochthonous sequence includes the Cambrian and Proterozoic(?) Prospect Mountain Quartzite and the overlying Cambrian and Ordovician Tennessee Mountain Formation. This autochthon is overlain by three allochthonous plates each composed of a distinctive sequence of strata and having a distinctive internal structure. The structurally lowest plate is composed of the Havallah sequence, locally of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age, which is folded on north-south trending axes. The next higher plate is composed of somewhat younger Pennsylvanian and Permian strata cut by east-west trending low-angle faults. The highest plate is composed of early Tertiary non-marine sedimentary and igneous rocks folded on varied but mainly north-south trending axes. The question of whether the allochthonous plates were emplaced by contractional or extensional forces is indeterminate from the local evidence.\r\n\r\nMineral deposits include gold placers of moderate size and small pockets of base metals, none of which is currently being exploited.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2992","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K.B., 2007, Geologic Map of the Gold Creek Gold District, Elko County, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2992, 1 Sheet: 40 x 25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2992.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 40 x 25 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110759,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82936.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"82936"},{"id":192515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2992/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.80027777777778,41.700833333333335 ], [ -115.80027777777778,41.76777777777777 ], [ -115.61749999999999,41.76777777777777 ], [ -115.61749999999999,41.700833333333335 ], [ -115.80027777777778,41.700833333333335 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a850d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80698,"text":"ofr20071415 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Canyon Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20071415","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1415","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Canyon Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Canyon Fire in Los Angeles County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071415","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Canyon Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1415, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071415.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10557,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1415/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.71666666666667,34.016666666666666 ], [ -118.71666666666667,34.083333333333336 ], [ -118.63333333333334,34.083333333333336 ], [ -118.63333333333334,34.016666666666666 ], [ -118.71666666666667,34.016666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80704,"text":"ofr20071421 - 2007 - Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the 2007 Harris Fire, San Diego County, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:28:58","indexId":"ofr20071421","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1421","title":"Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the 2007 Harris Fire, San Diego County, southern California","docAbstract":"The objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Harris Fire in San Diego County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death. This emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071421","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the 2007 Harris Fire, San Diego County, southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1421, 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071421.","productDescription":"24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10563,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1421/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.08333333333333,32.5 ], [ -117.08333333333333,32.78333333333333 ], [ -116.5,32.78333333333333 ], [ -116.5,32.5 ], [ -117.08333333333333,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80702,"text":"ofr20071419 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Santiago Fire, Orange County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20071419","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1419","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Santiago Fire, Orange County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Santiago Fire in Orange County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071419","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Santiago Fire, Orange County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1419, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071419.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1419/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.78333333333333,33.63333333333333 ], [ -117.78333333333333,33.8 ], [ -117.53333333333333,33.8 ], [ -117.53333333333333,33.63333333333333 ], [ -117.78333333333333,33.63333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6058c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80701,"text":"ofr20071418 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ranch Fire, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20071418","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1418","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ranch Fire, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Ranch Fire in Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071418","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ranch Fire, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1418, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071418.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10560,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1418/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.93333333333334,34.38333333333333 ], [ -118.93333333333334,34.61666666666667 ], [ -118.63333333333334,34.61666666666667 ], [ -118.63333333333334,34.38333333333333 ], [ -118.93333333333334,34.38333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80700,"text":"ofr20071417 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Rice Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20071417","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1417","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Rice Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Rice Fire in San Diego County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071417","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Rice Fire, San Diego County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1417, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071417.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10559,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1417/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,33.333333333333336 ], [ -117.25,33.43333333333333 ], [ -117.11666666666666,33.43333333333333 ], [ -117.11666666666666,33.333333333333336 ], [ -117.25,33.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6058b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80699,"text":"ofr20071416 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Slide and Grass Valley Fires, San Bernardino County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20071416","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1416","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Slide and Grass Valley Fires, San Bernardino County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Slide and Grass Valley Fires in San Bernardino County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 3.50 inches (88.90 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071416","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Slide and Grass Valley Fires, San Bernardino County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1416, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071416.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10558,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1416/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.26666666666667,34.13333333333333 ], [ -117.26666666666667,34.31666666666667 ], [ -117.01666666666667,34.31666666666667 ], [ -117.01666666666667,34.13333333333333 ], [ -117.26666666666667,34.13333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66def3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80695,"text":"ofr20071411 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Poomacha Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr20071411","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1411","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Poomacha Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Poomacha Fire in San Diego County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071411","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Poomacha Fire, San Diego County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1411, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071411.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10554,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1411/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.08333333333333,33.166666666666664 ], [ -117.08333333333333,33.43333333333333 ], [ -116.75,33.43333333333333 ], [ -116.75,33.166666666666664 ], [ -117.08333333333333,33.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80703,"text":"ofr20071420 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Witch Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20071420","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1420","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Witch Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Witch Fire in San Diego County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071420","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Witch Fire, San Diego County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1420, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071420.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10562,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1420/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,32.833333333333336 ], [ -117.25,33.25 ], [ -116.58333333333333,33.25 ], [ -116.58333333333333,32.833333333333336 ], [ -117.25,32.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80697,"text":"ofr20071414 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Buckweed Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20071414","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1414","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Buckweed Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Buckweed Fire in Los Angeles County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071414","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Buckweed Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1414, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071414.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10556,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1414/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.61666666666666,34.36666666666667 ], [ -118.61666666666666,34.6 ], [ -118.3,34.6 ], [ -118.3,34.36666666666667 ], [ -118.61666666666666,34.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80696,"text":"ofr20071413 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ammo Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20071413","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1413","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ammo Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Ammo Fire in San Diego County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071413","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ammo Fire, San Diego County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1413, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071413.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10555,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1413/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.58333333333333,33.25 ], [ -117.58333333333333,33.416666666666664 ], [ -117.36666666666666,33.416666666666664 ], [ -117.36666666666666,33.25 ], [ -117.58333333333333,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80693,"text":"sir20075256 - 2007 - Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) for the Lower Missouri River Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:53:32","indexId":"sir20075256","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5256","title":"Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) for the Lower Missouri River Valley","docAbstract":"The Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) was developed to serve as a relatively coarse-scale index to delineate broad land capability classes in the valley of the Lower Missouri River. The index integrates fundamental factors that determine suitability of land for various uses, and may provide a useful mechanism to guide land-management decisions. The LCPI was constructed from integration of hydrology, hydraulics, land-surface elevations, and soil permeability (or saturated hydraulic conductivity) datasets for an area of the Lower Missouri River, river miles 423–670. The LCPI estimates relative wetness based on intersecting water-surface elevations, interpolated from measurements or calculated from hydraulic models, with a high-resolution land-surface elevation dataset. The potential for wet areas to retain or drain water is assessed using soil-drainage classes that are estimated from saturated hydraulic conductivity of surface soils. Terrain mapping that delineates areas with convex, concave, and flat parts of the landscape provides another means to assess tendency of landscape patches to retain surface water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075256","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, and The Nature Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Chojnacki, K.A., and Reuter, J.M., 2007, Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) for the Lower Missouri River Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5256, Report: vi, 20 p.; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075256.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; GIS Data","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10551,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99,35 ], [ -99,45 ], [ -89,45 ], [ -89,35 ], [ -99,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chojnacki, Kimberly A. kchojnacki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Kimberly","email":"kchojnacki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reuter, Joanna M.","contributorId":50179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}