{"pageNumber":"930","pageRowStart":"23225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70028953,"text":"70028953 - 2006 - Use of the moon to support on-orbit sensor calibration for climate change measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028953","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of the moon to support on-orbit sensor calibration for climate change measurements","docAbstract":"Production of reliable climate datasets from multiple observational measurements acquired by remote sensing satellite systems available now and in the future places stringent requirements on the stability of sensors and consistency among the instruments and platforms. Detecting trends in environmental parameters measured at solar reflectance wavelengths (0.3 to 2.5 microns) requires on-orbit instrument stability at a level of 1% over a decade. This benchmark can be attained using the Moon as a radiometric reference. The lunar calibration program at the U.S. Geological Survey has an operational model to predict the lunar spectral irradiance with precision ???1%, explicitly accounting for the effects of phase, lunar librations, and the lunar surface photometric function. A system for utilization of the Moon by on-orbit instruments has been established. With multiple lunar views taken by a spacecraft instrument, sensor response characterization with sub-percent precision over several years has been achieved. Meteorological satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO) capture the Moon in operational images; applying lunar calibration to GEO visible-channel image archives has the potential to develop a climate record extending decades into the past. The USGS model and system can provide reliable transfer of calibration among instruments that have viewed the Moon as a common source. This capability will be enhanced with improvements to the USGS model absolute scale. Lunar calibration may prove essential to the critical calibration needs to cover a potential gap in observational capabilities prior to deployment of NPP/NPOESS. A key requirement is that current and future instruments observe the Moon.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XI","conferenceDate":"14 August 2006 through 16 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.678605","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819463752; 9780819463753","usgsCitation":"Stone, T., and Kieffer, H.H., 2006, Use of the moon to support on-orbit sensor calibration for climate change measurements, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6296, San Diego, CA, 14 August 2006 through 16 August 2006, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.678605.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.678605"},{"id":236423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6296","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf9ee4b08c986b329c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028952,"text":"70028952 - 2006 - Vicarious calibration of GOES imager visible channel using the moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028952","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Vicarious calibration of GOES imager visible channel using the moon","docAbstract":"In this paper, we study the feasibility of a method for vicarious calibration of the GOES Imager visible channel using the Moon. The measured Moon irradiance from 26 undipped moon imagers exhausted all the potential Moon appearances between July 1998 and December 2005, together with the seven scheduled Moon observation data obtained after November 2005, were compared with the USGS lunar model results to estimate the degradation rate of the GOES-10 Imager visible channel. A total of nine methods of determining the space count and identifying lunar pixels were employed in this study to measure the GOES-10 Moon irradiance. Our results show that the selected mean and the masking Moon appears the best method. Eight of the nine resulting degradation rates range from 4.5%/year to 5.0%/year during the nearly nine years of data, which are consistent with most other degradation rates obtained for GOES-10 based on different references. In particular, the degradation rate from the Moon-based calibration (4.5%/year) agrees very well with the MODIS-based calibration (4.4%/year) over the same period, confirming the capability of relative and absolute calibration based on the Moon. Finally, our estimate of lunar calibration precision as applied to GOES-10 is 3.5%.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XI","conferenceDate":"14 August 2006 through 16 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.681591","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819463752; 9780819463753","usgsCitation":"Wu, X., Stone, T., Yu, F., and Han, D., 2006, Vicarious calibration of GOES imager visible channel using the moon, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6296, San Diego, CA, 14 August 2006 through 16 August 2006, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.681591.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209727,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.681591"},{"id":236422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6296","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc259e4b08c986b32aab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, X.","contributorId":31925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, F.","contributorId":37938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Han, D.","contributorId":23740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028950,"text":"70028950 - 2006 - Uranium-series constraints on subrepository water flow at yucca mountain, nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028950","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Uranium-series constraints on subrepository water flow at yucca mountain, nevada","docAbstract":"Mineral abundances and whole-rock chemical and uranium-series isotopic compositions were measured in unfractured and rubble core samples from borehole USW SD-9 in the same layers of variably zeolitized tuffs that underlie the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Uranium concentrations and isotopic compositions also were measured in pore water from core samples from the same rock units and rock leachates representing loosely bound U adsorbed on mineral surfaces or contained in readily soluble secondary minerals. The chemical and isotopic data were used to evaluate differences in water-rock interaction between fractured and unfractured rock and between fracture surfaces and rock matrix. Samples of unfractured and rubble (fragments about 1 centimeter) core and material from fracture surfaces show similar amounts of uranium-series disequilibrium, recording a complex history of sorption and loss of uranium over the past 1 million years. The data indicate that fractures in zeolitized tuffs may not have had greater amounts of water-rock interaction than the rock matrix. The data also show that rock matrix from subrepository units is capable of scavenging uranium with elevated uranium-234/uranium-238 from percolating water and that retardation of radionuclides and dose reduction may be greater than currently credited to this aspect of the natural barrier. Uranium concentrations of pore water and the rock leachates are used to estimate long-term in situ uranium partition coefficient values greater than 7 milliliters per gram.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., Chipera, S., Paces, J., and Vaniman, D.T., 2006, Uranium-series constraints on subrepository water flow at yucca mountain, nevada, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 82-88.","startPage":"82","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdf3e4b08c986b329318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chipera, S.J.","contributorId":14578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipera","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaniman, D. T.","contributorId":22911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaniman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028945,"text":"70028945 - 2006 - Possible linkages between lignite aquifers, pathogenic microbes, and renal pelvic cancer in northwestern Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028945","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible linkages between lignite aquifers, pathogenic microbes, and renal pelvic cancer in northwestern Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"In May and September, 2002, 14 private residential drinking water wells, one dewatering well at a lignite mine, eight surface water sites, and lignite from an active coal mine were sampled in five Parishes of northwestern Louisiana, USA. Using a geographic information system (GIS), wells were selected that were likely to draw water that had been in contact with lignite; control wells were located in areas devoid of lignite deposits. Well water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, organic compounds, and nutrient and anion concentrations. All samples were further tested for presence of fungi (cultures maintained for up to 28 days and colonies counted and identified microscopically) and for metal and trace element concentration by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry. Surface water samples were tested for dissolved oxygen and presence of pathogenic leptospiral bacteria. The Spearman correlation method was used to assess the association between the endpoints for these field/laboratory analyses and incidence of cancer of the renal pelvis (RPC) based on data obtained from the Louisiana Tumor Registry for the five Parishes included in the study. Significant associations were revealed between the cancer rate and the presence in drinking water of organic compounds, the fungi Zygomycetes, the nutrients PO4 and NH3, and 13 chemical elements. Presence of human pathogenic leptospires was detected in four out of eight (50%) of the surface water sites sampled. The present study of a stable rural population examined possible linkages between aquifers containing chemically reactive lignite deposits, hydrologic conditions favorable to the leaching and transport of toxic organic compounds from the lignite into the groundwater, possible microbial contamination, and RPC risk. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10653-006-9056-y","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, J., Tatu, C., Bushon, R., Stoeckel, D.M., Brady, A., Beck, M., Lerch, H., McGee, B., Hanson, B., Shi, R., and Orem, W., 2006, Possible linkages between lignite aquifers, pathogenic microbes, and renal pelvic cancer in northwestern Louisiana, USA: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 28, no. 6, p. 577-587, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-006-9056-y.","startPage":"577","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477490,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-006-9056-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-006-9056-y"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e29e4b0c8380cd7a3a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, J.E.","contributorId":63512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatu, C. A.","contributorId":89942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tatu","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bushon, R.N.","contributorId":68086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoeckel, D. M.","contributorId":84855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brady, A.M.G.","contributorId":9834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beck, M.","contributorId":88544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGee, B.","contributorId":78522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hanson, B.C.","contributorId":58828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shi, R.","contributorId":69345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70028940,"text":"70028940 - 2006 - Geologic impacts of the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami on Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028940","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic impacts of the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami on Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives","docAbstract":"The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was generated by a large submarine earthquake (magnitude ???9.1) with an epicenter located under the seafloor in the eastern Indian Ocean near northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The resulting tsunami was measured globally and had significant geologic impacts throughout the Indian Ocean basin. Observations of tsunami impacts, such as morphologic change, sedimentary deposits, and water-level measurements, are used to reconstruct tsunamogenic processes. Data from Sumatra, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives provide a synoptic view of tsunami characteristics from a wide range of coastal environments both near- and far-field from the tsunami origin. Impacts to the coast as a result of the tsunami varied depending upon the height of the wave at impact, orientation of the coast with regard to direction of wave approach, and local topography, bathymetry, geology, and vegetation cover. Tsunami deposits were observed in all the countries visited and can be generally characterized as relatively thin sheets (<80 cm), mostly of sand. ?? 2006 Gebru??der Borntraeger.","largerWorkTitle":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband","language":"English","issn":"00442798","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., Jaffe, B.E., Gelfenbaum, G., and Morton, R., 2006, Geologic impacts of the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami on Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, <i>in</i> Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband, v. 146, p. 235-251.","startPage":"235","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a197ee4b0c8380cd559ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, B. M.","contributorId":67902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028934,"text":"70028934 - 2006 - Development and implementation of software systems for imaging spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028934","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development and implementation of software systems for imaging spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Specialized software systems have played a crucial role throughout the twenty-five year course of the development of the new technology of imaging spectroscopy, or hyperspectral remote sensing. By their very nature, hyperspectral data place unique and demanding requirements on the computer software used to visualize, analyze, process and interpret them. Often described as a marriage of the two technologies of reflectance spectroscopy and airborne/spaceborne remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy, in fact, produces data sets with unique qualities, unlike previous remote sensing or spectrometer data. Because of these unique spatial and spectral properties hyperspectral data are not readily processed or exploited with legacy software systems inherited from either of the two parent fields of study. This paper provides brief reviews of seven important software systems developed specifically for imaging spectroscopy.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2006 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS","conferenceDate":"31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510","isbn":"0780395107; 9780780395107","usgsCitation":"Boardman, J., Clark, R.N., Mazer, A., Biehl, L., Kruse, F., Torson, J., and Staenz, K., 2006, Development and implementation of software systems for imaging spectroscopy, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Denver, CO, 31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006, p. 1969-1973, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510.","startPage":"1969","endPage":"1973","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510"},{"id":236659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0025e4b0c8380cd4f5f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boardman, J.W.","contributorId":106301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazer, A.S.","contributorId":27660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazer","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biehl, L.L.","contributorId":70981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biehl","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kruse, F.A.","contributorId":30676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Torson, J.","contributorId":106691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Staenz, K.","contributorId":40790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staenz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028931,"text":"70028931 - 2006 - Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide Kd values for performance assessment: Selected results and recommendations of the NEA sorption project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028931","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide Kd values for performance assessment: Selected results and recommendations of the NEA sorption project","docAbstract":"For the safe final disposal and/or long-term storage of radioactive wastes, deep or near-surface underground repositories are being considered world-wide. A central safety feature is the prevention, or sufficient retardation, of radionuclide (RN) migration to the biosphere. To this end, radionuclide sorption is one of the most important processes. Decreasing the uncertainty in radionuclide sorption may contribute significantly to reducing the overall uncertainty of a performance assessment (PA). For PA, sorption is typically characterised by distribution coefficients (Kd values). The conditional nature of Kd requires different estimates of this parameter for each set of geochemical conditions of potential relevance in a RN's migration pathway. As it is not feasible to measure sorption for every set of conditions, the derivation of Kd for PA must rely on data derived from representative model systems. As a result, uncertainty in Kd is largely caused by the need to derive values for conditions not explicitly addressed in experiments. The recently concluded NEA Sorption Project [1] showed that thermodynamic sorption models (TSMs) are uniquely suited to derive K d as a function of conditions, because they allow a direct coupling of sorption with variable solution chemistry and mineralogy in a thermodynamic framework. The results of the project enable assessment of the suitability of various TSM approaches for PA-relevant applications as well as of the potential and limitations of TSMs to model RN sorption in complex systems. ?? by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.","largerWorkTitle":"Radiochimica Acta","language":"English","doi":"10.1524/ract.2006.94.9-11.779","issn":"00338230","usgsCitation":"Ochs, M., Davis, J., Olin, M., Payne, T., Tweed, C., Askarieh, M., and Altmann, S., 2006, Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide Kd values for performance assessment: Selected results and recommendations of the NEA sorption project, <i>in</i> Radiochimica Acta, v. 94, no. 9-11, p. 779-785, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2006.94.9-11.779.","startPage":"779","endPage":"785","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.2006.94.9-11.779"},{"id":236624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"9-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfa2e4b08c986b329c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ochs, M.","contributorId":92025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochs","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olin, M.","contributorId":58439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tweed, C.J.","contributorId":90087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweed","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Askarieh, M.M.","contributorId":94841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Askarieh","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Altmann, S.","contributorId":75321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altmann","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028929,"text":"70028929 - 2006 - Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T17:38:06","indexId":"70028929","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Corrections can be used to estimate actual wetland evapotranspiration (AET) from potential evapotranspiration (PET) as a means to define the hydrology of wetland areas. Many alternate parameterizations for correction coefficients for three PET equations are presented, covering a wide range of possible data-availability scenarios. At nine sites in the wetland Everglades of south Florida, USA, the relatively complex PET Penman equation was corrected to daily total AET with smaller standard errors than the PET simple and Priestley-Taylor equations. The simpler equations, however, required less data (and thus less funding for instrumentation), with the possibility of being corrected to AET with slightly larger, comparable, or even smaller standard errors. Air temperature generally corrected PET simple most effectively to wetland AET, while wetland stage and humidity generally corrected PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman most effectively to wetland AET. Stage was identified for PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman as the data type with the most correction ability at sites that are dry part of each year or dry part of some years. Finally, although surface water generally was readily available at each monitoring site, AET was not occurring at potential rates, as conceptually expected under well-watered conditions. Apparently, factors other than water availability, such as atmospheric and stomata resistances to vapor transport, also were limiting the PET rate. ?? 2006, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., and Sumner, D.M., 2006, Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration: Wetlands, v. 26, no. 2, p. 528-543, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"528","endPage":"543","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e97ce4b0c8380cd482f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay bshoemak@usgs.gov","contributorId":1495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W. Barclay","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028927,"text":"70028927 - 2006 - Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T16:06:03","indexId":"70028927","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management","docAbstract":"Conservation management of croplands at the plot scale has demonstrated a great potential to mitigate the greenhouse effect through sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) into soil. This study estimated the potential of soil to sequester C through the conversion of croplands from conventional tillage (CT) to no-till (NT) in the East Central United States between 1992 and 2012. This study used the baseline soil organic C (SOC) pool (SOCP) inventory and the empirical models that describe the relationships of the SOCP under CT and NT, respectively, to their baseline SOCP in the upper 30-cm depth of soil. The baseline SOCP were obtained from the State Soil Geographic database, and the cropland distribution map was generated from the 1992 National Land Cover Database. The results indicate that if all the croplands under CT in 1992 were converted to NT, the SOCP would increase by 16.8% by 2012, which results in a total C sink of 136 Tg after 20 years. A greater sequestration rate would occur in soils with lower baseline SOCP, but the sink strength would be weaker with increasing SOCP levels. The CT-induced C sources tend to become larger in soils with higher baseline levels, which can be significantly reduced by adopting NT. We conclude that baseline SOC contents are an indicator of C sequestration potential with NT practices. ?? 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer Healt","doi":"10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Lal, R., and Liu, S., 2006, Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management: Soil Science, v. 171, no. 12, p. 950-959, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"950","endPage":"959","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0"}],"volume":"171","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc04ce4b08c986b32a045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lal, R.","contributorId":18559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lal","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028926,"text":"70028926 - 2006 - Improving the design of acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification, with an application to Lake Michigan prey fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:14:40","indexId":"70028926","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the design of acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification, with an application to Lake Michigan prey fishes","docAbstract":"<p>Reliable estimates of fish biomass are vital to the management of aquatic ecosystems and their associated fisheries. Acoustic and midwater trawl surveys are an efficient sampling method for estimating fish biomass in large bodies of water. To improve the precision of biomass estimates from combined acoustic and midwater trawl surveys, sampling effort should be optimally allocated within each stage of the survey design. Based on information collected during fish surveys, we developed an approach to improve the design of combined acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification. Geographic strata for acoustic surveying and depth strata for midwater trawling were defined using neighbor-restricted cluster analysis, and the optimal allocation of sampling effort for each was then determined. As an example, we applied this survey stratification approach to data from lakewide acoustic and midwater trawl surveys of Lake Michigan prey fishes. Precision of biomass estimates from surveys with and without geographic stratification was compared through resampling. Use of geographic stratification with optimal sampling allocation reduced the variance of Lake Michigan acoustic biomass estimates by 77%. Stratification and optimal allocation at each stage of an acoustic and midwater trawl survey should serve to reduce the variance of the resulting biomass estimates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M04-216.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., Argyle, R., Fleischer, G., Curtis, G., and Stickel, R., 2006, Improving the design of acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification, with an application to Lake Michigan prey fishes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 3, p. 612-621, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-216.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"612","endPage":"621","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209828,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-216.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a397fe4b0c8380cd6193f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, J.V.","contributorId":94069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Argyle, R.L.","contributorId":103614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleischer, G.W.","contributorId":33281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, G.L.","contributorId":62003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stickel, R.G.","contributorId":61229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028925,"text":"70028925 - 2006 - Intercalibration of research survey vessels on Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T08:59:07","indexId":"70028925","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercalibration of research survey vessels on Lake Erie","docAbstract":"<p>Fish abundance indices obtained from annual research trawl surveys are an integral part of fisheries stock assessment and management in the Great Lakes. It is difficult, however, to administer trawl surveys using a single vessel-gear combination owing to the large size of these systems, the jurisdictional boundaries that bisect the Great Lakes, and changes in vessels as a result of fleet replacement. When trawl surveys are administered by multiple vessel-gear combinations, systematic error may be introduced in combining catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data across vessels. This bias is associated with relative differences in catchability among vessel-gear combinations. In Lake Erie, five different research vessels conduct seasonal trawl surveys in the western half of the lake. To eliminate this systematic bias, the Lake Erie agencies conducted a side-by-side trawling experiment in 2003 to develop correction factors for CPUE data associated with different vessel-gear combinations. Correcting for systematic bias in CPUE data should lead to more accurate and comparable estimates of species density and biomass. We estimated correction factors for the 10 most commonly collected species age-groups for each vessel during the experiment. Most of the correction factors (70%) ranged from 0.5 to 2.0, indicating that the systematic bias associated with different vessel-gear combinations was not large. Differences in CPUE were most evident for vessels using different sampling gears, although significant differences also existed for vessels using the same gears. These results suggest that standardizing gear is important for multiple-vessel surveys, but there will still be significant differences in catchability stemming from the vessel effects and agencies must correct for this. With standardized estimates of CPUE, the Lake Erie agencies will have the ability to directly compare and combine time series for species abundance. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M05-027.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Tyson, J., Johnson, T., Knight, C., and Bur, M., 2006, Intercalibration of research survey vessels on Lake Erie: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 3, p. 559-570, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-027.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"570","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-027.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ceee4b0c8380cd63171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyson, J.T.","contributorId":50339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, T.B.","contributorId":21490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knight, C.T.","contributorId":66042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bur, M.T.","contributorId":58215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028924,"text":"70028924 - 2006 - Seismomagnetic effects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 parkfield earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028924","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismomagnetic effects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 parkfield earthquake","docAbstract":"Precise measurements of local magnetic fields have been obtained with a differentially connected array of seven synchronized proton magnetometers located along 60 km of the locked-to-creeping transition region of the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, since 1976. The M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake on 28 September 2004, occurred within this array and generated coseismic magnetic field changes of between 0.2 and 0.5 nT at five sites in the network. No preseismic magnetic field changes exceeding background noise levels are apparent in the magnetic data during the month, week, and days before the earthquake (or expected in light of the absence of measurable precursive deformation, seismicity, or pore pressure changes). Observations of electric and magnetic fields from 0.01 to 20 Hz are also made at one site near the end of the earthquake rupture and corrected for common-mode signals from the ionosphere/magnetosphere using a second site some 115 km to the northwest along the fault. These magnetic data show no indications of unusual noise before the earthquake in the ULF band (0.01-20 Hz) as suggested may have preceded the 1989 ML 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. Nor do we see electric field changes similar to those suggested to occur before earthquakes of this magnitude from data in Greece. Uniform and variable slip piezomagnetic models of the earthquake, derived from strain, displacement, and seismic data, generate magnetic field perturbations that are consistent with those observed by the magnetometer array. A higher rate of longer-term magnetic field change, consistent with increased loading in the region, is apparent since 1993. This accompanied an increased rate of secular shear strain observed on a two-color EDM network and a small network of borehole tensor strainmeters and increased seismicity dominated by three M 4.5-5 earthquakes roughly a year apart in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Models incorporating all of these data indicate increased slip at depth in the region, and this may have played a role in the final occurrence of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The absence of electric and magnetic field precursors for this, and other earthquakes with M 5-7.3 elsewhere in the San Andreas fault system, indicates useful prediction of damaging earthquakes seems unlikely using these electromagnetic data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050810","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Sasai, Y., Egbert, G., and Mueller, R., 2006, Seismomagnetic effects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 parkfield earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050810.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050810"},{"id":236520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bd2e4b08c986b317ae5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasai, Y.","contributorId":50340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Egbert, G.D.","contributorId":69347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egbert","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, R.J.","contributorId":77135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028920,"text":"70028920 - 2006 - Fabricating data: How substituting values for nondetects can ruin results, and what can be done about it","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028920","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fabricating data: How substituting values for nondetects can ruin results, and what can be done about it","docAbstract":"The most commonly used method in environmental chemistry to deal with values below detection limits is to substitute a fraction of the detection limit for each nondetect. Two decades of research has shown that this fabrication of values produces poor estimates of statistics, and commonly obscures patterns and trends in the data. Papers using substitution may conclude that significant differences, correlations, and regression relationships do not exist, when in fact they do. The reverse may also be true. Fortunately, good alternative methods for dealing with nondetects already exist, and are summarized here with references to original sources. Substituting values for nondetects should be used rarely, and should generally be considered unacceptable in scientific research. There are better ways.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.051","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., 2006, Fabricating data: How substituting values for nondetects can ruin results, and what can be done about it: Chemosphere, v. 65, no. 11, p. 2434-2439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.051.","startPage":"2434","endPage":"2439","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209748,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.051"},{"id":236450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e88e4b0c8380cd534e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":420563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028918,"text":"70028918 - 2006 - Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T07:38:50","indexId":"70028918","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Although surface water quality and its underlying processes vary over time scales ranging from seconds to decades, they have historically been studied at the lower (weekly to interannual) frequencies. The aim of this study was to investigate intradaily variability of three water quality parameters in a small freshwater tidal lagoon (Mildred Island, California). High frequency time series of specific conductivity, water temperature, and chlorophyll<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>at two locations within the habitat were analyzed in conjunction with supporting hydrodynamic, meteorological, biological, and spatial mapping data. All three constituents exhibited large amplitude intradaily (e.g., semidiurnal tidal and diurnal) oscillations, and periodicity varied across constituents, space, and time. Like other tidal embayments, this habitat is influenced by several processes with distinct periodicities including physical controls, such as tides, solar radiation, and wind, and biological controls, such as photosynthesis, growth, and grazing. A scaling approach was developed to estimate individual process contributions to the observed variability. Scaling results were generally consistent with observations and together with detailed examination of time series and time derivatives, revealed specific mechanisms underlying the observed periodicities, including interactions between the tidal variability, heating, wind, and biology. The implications for monitoring were illustrated through subsampling of the data set. This exercise demonstrated how quantities needed by scientists and managers (e.g., mean or extreme concentrations) may be misrepresented by low frequency data and how short-duration high frequency measurements can aid in the design and interpretation of temporally coarser sampling programs. The dispersive export of chlorophyll<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from the habitat exhibited a fortnightly variability corresponding to the modulation of semidiurnal tidal currents with the diurnal cycle of phytoplankton variability, demonstrating how high frequency interactions can govern long-term trends. Process identification, as through the scaling analysis here, can help us anticipate changes in system behavior and adapt our own interactions with the system.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02786523","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Sereno, D., Burau, J., Schraga, T., Lopez, C., Stacey, M., Parchevsky, K., and Parchevsky, V., 2006, Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 5, p. 711-730, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02786523.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"730","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02786523","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dc2e4b0c8380cd63808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sereno, D.M.","contributorId":33509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sereno","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schraga, T.S.","contributorId":107480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schraga","given":"T.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopez, C.B.","contributorId":67700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stacey, M.T.","contributorId":82874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parchevsky, K.V.","contributorId":97304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchevsky","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parchevsky, V.P.","contributorId":9835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchevsky","given":"V.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028916,"text":"70028916 - 2006 - Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T15:04:47","indexId":"70028916","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population","docAbstract":"<p>Several potential proximate causes may be implicated in a recent (post-1984) decline in moose (<i>Alces alces andersoni</i>) numbers at their southern range periphery in northwest Minnesota, USA. These causes include deleterious effects of infectious pathogens, some of which are associated with white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>), negative effects of climate change, increased food competition with deer or moose, legal or illegal hunting, and increased predation by gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) and black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>). Long-standing factors that may have contributed to the moose decline include those typically associated with marginal habitat such as nutritional deficiencies. We examined survival and productivity among radiocollared (<i>n</i> = 152) adult female and juvenile moose in northwest Minnesota during 1995–2000, and assessed cause of death and pathology through carcass necropsy of radiocollared and non-radiocollared animals.</p><p>Aerial moose surveys suggested that hunting was an unlikely source of the numerical decline because the level of harvest was relatively low (i.e., approx. 15% / 2 yr) and the population usually grew in years following a hunt. The majority of moose mortalities (up to 87% of radiocollared moose [<i>n</i> = 76] and up to 65% of non-radiocollared moose [<i>n</i> = 84]) were proximally related to pathology associated with parasites and infectious disease. Liver fluke (<i>Fascioloides magna</i>) infections apparently constituted the greatest single source of mortality and caused significant pathology in the liver, thoracic and peritoneal cavities, pericardial sac, and lungs. Mortality due to meningeal worm (<i>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis</i>) was less prevalent and was manifested through characteristic neurological disease. Several mortalities apparently were associated with unidentified infectious disease, probably acting in close association with malnutrition. Bone-marrow fat was lower for moose dying of natural causes than those dying of anthropogenic factors or accidents, implying that acute malnutrition contributed to moose mortality. Blood profiles from live-captured animals indicated that those dying in the subsequent 18 months were chronically malnourished.</p><p>Relative to other populations, average annual survival rates for adult females (0.79 [0.74–0.84; 95% CI]) and yearlings (0.64 [0.48–0.86]) were low, whereas those for calves (0.66 [0.53–081]) were high. Pregnancy (48%) and twinning (19%) rates were among the lowest reported for moose, with reproductive senescence among females being apparent as early as 8 years. Pregnancy status was related to indices of acute (i.e., bone-marrow fat) and chronic (i.e., blood condition indices) malnutrition. Opportunistic carcass recovery indicated that there likely were few prime-aged males (&gt;5 yr old) in the population.</p><p class=\"last\">Analysis of protein content in moose browse and fecal samples indicated that food quality was probably adequate to support moose over winter, but the higher fecal protein among animals that died in the subsequent 18 months could be indicative of protein catabolism associated with malnutrition. Trace element analysis from moose livers revealed apparent deficiencies in copper and selenium, but there was limited evidence of direct association between trace element concentrations and moose disease, pathology, or mortality. Time-series analysis of regional moose counts (1961–2000) indicated that annual population growth rate was related negatively to mean summer temperature, with winter and summer temperatures increasing by an average of 6.8 and 2.1 C, respectively, during the 40-year period. This change may have increased moose thermoregulatory costs and disrupted their energy balance, and thereby reduced their fitness. Time-series analysis failed to show a relationship between annual population growth rate and moose or deer abundance, indicating that food limitation via resource competition was unlikely. Population viability analyses, using count data (1961–2000) and demographic data collected during this study, suggested that the northwest Minnesota moose population likely would not persist over the next 50 years. More broadly, we conclude that the southern distribution of moose may become restricted in areas where climate and habitat conditions are marginal, especially where deer are abundant and act as reservoir hosts for parasites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0084-0173(2006)166[1:PNDACI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00840173","usgsCitation":"Murray, D., Cox, E., Ballard, W., Whitlaw, H.A., Lenarz, M., Custer, T., Barnett, T., and Fuller, T., 2006, Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population: Wildlife Monographs, no. 166, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.2193/0084-0173(2006)166[1:PNDACI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.822509765625,\n              47.286681888764214\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.822509765625,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04296874999999,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04296874999999,\n              47.286681888764214\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.822509765625,\n              47.286681888764214\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"166","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75a1e4b0c8380cd77c5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, D.L.","contributorId":104266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, E.W.","contributorId":70172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballard, W.B.","contributorId":101235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlaw, Heather A.","contributorId":13026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlaw","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lenarz, M.S.","contributorId":99923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenarz","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnett, T.","contributorId":89708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028914,"text":"70028914 - 2006 - The influence of aridity and fire on Holocene prairie communities in the eastern Prairie Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028914","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of aridity and fire on Holocene prairie communities in the eastern Prairie Peninsula","docAbstract":"The role of climate and fire in the development, maintenance, and species composition of prairie in the eastern axis of the tallgrass Prairie Peninsula intrigued early North American ecologists. However, evaluation of the long-standing hypotheses about the region's environmental history has been hampered by the scarcity of paleorecords. We conducted multiproxy analyses on early and middle Holocene sediments from two Illinois, USA, lakes to assess long-term climatic, vegetational, and fire variability in the region. Sediment mineral composition, carbonate ??18O, ostracode assemblages, and diatom assemblages were integrated to infer fluctuations in moisture availability. Pollen and charcoal ??13C were used to reconstruct vegetation composition, and charcoal influx was used to reconstruct fire. Results indicate that fire-sensitive trees (e.g., Ulmus, Ostrya, Fraxinus, and Acer saccharum) declined and prairie taxa expanded with increased aridity from 10 000 yr BP to 8500 yr BP. Between ???8500 yr BP and ???6200 yr BP, aridity declined, and prairie coexisted with fire-sensitive and fire-tolerant (e.g., Quercus and Carya) trees. After ???6200 yr BP, prairie taxa became dominant, although aridity was not more severe than it was around 8500 yr BP. Along with aridity, fire appears to have played an important role in the establishment and maintenance of prairie communities in the eastern Prairie Peninsula, consistent with the speculations of the early ecologists. Comparison of our data with results from elsewhere in the North American midcontinent indicates that spatial heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of climatic and vegetational variations on millennial time scales. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2523:TIOAAF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Nelson, D., Feng, S., Grimm, E., Curry, B.B., and Slate, J., 2006, The influence of aridity and fire on Holocene prairie communities in the eastern Prairie Peninsula: Ecology, v. 87, no. 10, p. 2523-2536, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2523:TIOAAF]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"2523","endPage":"2536","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2523:TIOAAF]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad10e4b08c986b32395a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, D.M.","contributorId":104265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feng, S.H.","contributorId":24978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimm, E.C.","contributorId":88136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimm","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slate, J.E.","contributorId":6644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028913,"text":"70028913 - 2006 - Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028913","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques","docAbstract":"Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography in capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques for estimating snow leopard population abundance and density within Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. We placed infrared camera traps along actively used travel paths, scent-sprayed rocks, and scrape sites within 16- to 30-km2 sampling grids in successive winters during January and March 2003-2004. We used head-on, oblique, and side-view camera configurations to obtain snow leopard photographs at varying body orientations. We calculated snow leopard abundance estimates using the program CAPTURE. We obtained a total of 66 and 49 snow leopard captures resulting in 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights during 2003 and 2004, respectively. We identified snow leopards based on the distinct pelage patterns located primarily on the forelimbs, flanks, and dorsal surface of the tail. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.67. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 (SE = 0.22; individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 (SE = 0.16) in 2004. We believe the density disparity between years is attributable to different trap density and placement rather than to an actual decline in population size. Our results suggest that photographic capture-mark-recapture sampling may be a useful tool for monitoring demographic patterns. However, we believe a larger sample size would be necessary for generating a statistically robust estimate of population density and abundance based on CMR models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Jackson, R., Roe, J., Wangchuk, R., and Hunter, D., 2006, Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 772-781, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"772","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b46e4b0c8380cd5265b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, R.M.","contributorId":71370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roe, J.D.","contributorId":56016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roe","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wangchuk, R.","contributorId":20958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangchuk","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, D.O.","contributorId":104264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028907,"text":"70028907 - 2006 - Net energy payback and CO2 emissions from three midwestern wind farms: An update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028907","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Net energy payback and CO2 emissions from three midwestern wind farms: An update","docAbstract":"This paper updates a life-cycle net energy analysis and carbon dioxide emissions analysis of three Midwestern utility-scale wind systems. Both the Energy Payback Ratio (EPR) and CO2 analysis results provide useful data for policy discussions regarding an efficient and low-carbon energy mix. The EPR is the amount of electrical energy produced for the lifetime of the power plant divided by the total amount of energy required to procure and transport the materials, build, operate, and decommission the power plants. The CO2 analysis for each power plant was calculated from the life-cycle energy input data. A previous study also analyzed coal and nuclear fission power plants. At the time of that study, two of the three wind systems had less than a full year of generation data to project the life-cycle energy production. This study updates the analysis of three wind systems with an additional four to eight years of operating data. The EPR for the utility-scale wind systems ranges from a low of 11 for a two-turbine system in Wisconsin to 28 for a 143-turbine system in southwestern Minnesota. The EPR is 11 for coal, 25 for fission with gas centrifuge enriched uranium and 7 for gaseous diffusion enriched uranium. The normalized CO2 emissions, in tonnes of CO2 per GW eh, ranges from 14 to 33 for the wind systems, 974 for coal, and 10 and 34 for nuclear fission using gas centrifuge and gaseous diffusion enriched uranium, respectively. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-007-9024-y","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"White, S., 2006, Net energy payback and CO2 emissions from three midwestern wind farms: An update: Natural Resources Research, v. 15, no. 4, p. 271-281, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-007-9024-y.","startPage":"271","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-007-9024-y"},{"id":236273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64eee4b0c8380cd72aa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, S.W.","contributorId":18557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028898,"text":"70028898 - 2006 - Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028898","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","docAbstract":"A baseline and background chemical survey was conducted in southeastern California, USA, to identify potential sources of toxicants in natural and anthropogenically-altered habitats of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Soil, stream sediment, and plant samples were collected from six tortoise habitat study areas in the Mojave and Colorado deserts and analysed for up to 66 different elements. The chemical analyses provided new information on the abundances and distributions of selected elements in this region. Soil, stream-sediment, and plant analyses showed distinct variations in bulk chemistries from locality to locality. Variations were, in general, consistent with the many types of exposed rock units in the region, their highly variable bulk mineralogies, and chemical contents. Of elements in soils that might have been toxic to tortoises, only As seemed to be anomalous region-wide. Some soil and plant anomalies were clearly anthropogenic. In the Rand and Atolia mining districts, soil anomalies for As, Au, Cd, Hg, Sb, and(or) W and plant anomalies for As, Sb, and(or) W extend as far as ???15 km outward from the present area of mining; soils containing anomalous Hg were found at least 6 km away from old piles of tailings. The anomalous concentrations of As and Hg may have been the source of elevated levels of these elements found in ill tortoises from the region. In the Goldstone mining district, soil anomalies extended several km from the mining area. These areas probably represented anthropogenic surface contamination of dust redistributed by wind, vehicles, and rainfall. One of two study areas transected by a paved road (Chemehuevi Valley) showed weakly elevated levels of Pb, which extended as far as ???22 m from the pavement edge and were probably related to vehicle exhaust. No soil or plant samples from historically used military areas (Goldstone, Goffs, Chemehuevi Valley, Chuckwalla Bench) contained anomalous concentrations of the elements As, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, or Zn that could be ascribed to military maneuvers, vehicles, or ordnance. For future studies, the distribution and abundance of elements in the tortoise forage plants need to be evaluated for the respective roles of dust and systemic uptake. Additional chemical data from tortoise necropsies and nutritional studies are needed to determine the effects of potentially toxic elements in tortoise habitats on their health. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., and Berry, K., 2006, Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. SUPPL., p. 35-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018.","startPage":"35","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018"},{"id":236656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e659e4b0c8380cd47365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028897,"text":"70028897 - 2006 - Sampling blood from big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the field with and without anesthesia: Impacts on survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028897","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling blood from big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the field with and without anesthesia: Impacts on survival","docAbstract":"Blood was collected from wild big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) with and without anesthesia in Fort Collins, Colorado in 2004 to assess the impacts of these procedures on short-term survival and 1-yr return rates. Short-term survival and 1-yr return rates after release were passively monitored using PIT tag detection hoops placed at selected buildings. Comparison of 14-day maximum likelihood survival estimates from bats not bled (142 adult females, 62 volant juveniles), and bats sampled for blood with anesthesia (96 adult females, 23 volant juveniles) and without anesthesia (112 adult females, 22 volant juveniles) indicated no adverse effects of either treatment (juveniles: X2=53.38, df=41, P=0.09; adults: X2=39.09, df=44, P=0.68). Return rates of bats one year after sampling were similar among adult female controls (75.4%, n=142, 95% CI=67.4-82.2%), females sampled for blood with anesthesia (83.0%, n=112, 95% CI=74.8-89.5%), and females sampled without anesthesia (87.5%, n=96, 95% CI=79.2-93.4%). Lack of an effect was also noted in 1-yr return rates of juvenile females. These data suggest that the use of anesthesia during sampling of blood has no advantages in terms of enhancement of survival in big brown bats. ?? Wildlife Disease Association 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L., O'Shea, T., Wimsatt, J., Pearce, R., Neubaum, D., Neubaum, M., and Bowen, R.A., 2006, Sampling blood from big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the field with and without anesthesia: Impacts on survival: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 42, no. 4, p. 849-852.","startPage":"849","endPage":"852","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab073e4b0c8380cd87afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wimsatt, J.","contributorId":78289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimsatt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearce, R.D.","contributorId":45439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neubaum, M.A.","contributorId":50866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028895,"text":"70028895 - 2006 - Quantitative analysis of scale of aeromagnetic data raises questions about geologic-map scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028895","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative analysis of scale of aeromagnetic data raises questions about geologic-map scale","docAbstract":"A recently published study has shown that small-scale geologic map data can reproduce mineral assessments made with considerably larger scale data. This result contradicts conventional wisdom about the importance of scale in mineral exploration, at least for regional studies. In order to formally investigate aspects of scale, a weights-of-evidence analysis using known gold occurrences and deposits in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt of Finland as training sites provided a test of the predictive power of the aeromagnetic data. These orogenic-mesothermal-type gold occurrences and deposits have strong lithologic and structural controls associated with long (up to several kilometers), narrow (up to hundreds of meters) hydrothermal alteration zones with associated magnetic lows. The aeromagnetic data were processed using conventional geophysical methods of successive upward continuation simulating terrane clearance or 'flight height' from the original 30 m to an artificial 2000 m. The analyses show, as expected, that the predictive power of aeromagnetic data, as measured by the weights-of-evidence contrast, decreases with increasing flight height. Interestingly, the Moran autocorrelation of aeromagnetic data representing differing flight height, that is spatial scales, decreases with decreasing resolution of source data. The Moran autocorrelation coefficient scems to be another measure of the quality of the aeromagnetic data for predicting exploration targets. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-006-9023-4","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Nykanen, V., and Raines, G.L., 2006, Quantitative analysis of scale of aeromagnetic data raises questions about geologic-map scale: Natural Resources Research, v. 15, no. 4, p. 213-222, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-006-9023-4.","startPage":"213","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209878,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-006-9023-4"},{"id":236621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91fee4b0c8380cd805be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nykanen, V.","contributorId":18560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nykanen","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028890,"text":"70028890 - 2006 - Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028890","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum","docAbstract":"Pre-Holocene paleoclimate reconstructions face a correlation conundrum because complications inherent in the stratigraphic record impede the development of synchronous reconstruction. The Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) paleoenvironmental reconstructions have carefully balanced temporal resolution and paleoclimate proxy data to achieve a useful and reliable product and are the most comprehensive pre-Pleistocene data sets available for analysis of warmer-than-present climate and for climate modeling experiments. This paper documents the stratigraphic framework for the mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction of the North Atlantic and explores the relationship between stratigraphic/temporal resolution and various paleoceanographic estimates of SST. The magnetobiostratigraphic framework for the PRISM North Atlantic region is constructed from planktic foraminifer, calcareous nannofossil and paleomagnetic reversal events recorded in deep-sea cores and calibrated to age. Planktic foraminifer census data from multiple samples within the mid-Pliocene yield multiple SST estimates for each site. Extracting a single SST value at each site from multiple estimates, given the limitations of the material and stratigraphic resolution, is problematic but necessary for climate model experiments. The PRISM reconstruction, unprecedented in its integration of many different types of data at a focused stratigraphic interval, utilizes a time slab approach and is based on warm peak average temperatures. A greater understanding of the dynamics of the climate system and significant advances in models now mandate more precise, globally distributed yet temporally synchronous SST estimates than are available through averaging techniques. Regardless of the precision used to correlate between sequences within the midd-Pliocene, a truly synoptic reconstruction in the temporal sense is unlikely. SST estimates from multiple proxies promise to further refine paleoclimate reconstructions but must consider the complications associated with each method, what each proxy actually records, and how these different proxies compare in time-averaged samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stratigraphy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/1484329","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., and Robinson, M., 2006, Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum: Stratigraphy, v. 3, no. 1, p. 53-64, https://doi.org/10.2307/1484329.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1484329"},{"id":236518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9901e4b08c986b31c1c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.M.","contributorId":56263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028884,"text":"70028884 - 2006 - Effects of floods on fish assemblages in an intermittent prairie stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028884","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of floods on fish assemblages in an intermittent prairie stream","docAbstract":"1. Floods are major disturbances to stream ecosystems that can kill or displace organisms and modify habitats. Many studies have reported changes in fish assemblages after a single flood, but few studies have evaluated the importance of timing and intensity of floods on long-term fish assemblage dynamics. 2. We used a 10-year dataset to evaluate the effects of floods on fishes in Kings Creek, an intermittent prairie stream in north-eastern, Kansas, U.S.A. Samples were collected seasonally at two perennial headwater sites (1995-2005) and one perennial downstream flowing site (1997-2005) allowing us to evaluate the effects of floods at different locations within a watershed. In addition, four surveys during 2003 and 2004 sampled 3-5 km of stream between the long-term study sites to evaluate the use of intermittent reaches of this stream. 3. Because of higher discharge and bed scouring at the downstream site, we predicted that the fish assemblage would have lowered species richness and abundance following floods. In contrast, we expected increased species richness and abundance at headwater sites because floods increase stream connectivity and create the potential for colonisation from downstream reaches. 4. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) was used to select among candidate regression models that predicted species richness and abundance based on Julian date, time since floods, season and physical habitat at each site. At the downstream site, AIC weightings suggested Julian date was the best predictor of fish assemblage structure, but no model explained >16% of the variation in species richness or community structure. Variation explained by Julian date was primarily attributed to a long-term pattern of declining abundance of common species. At the headwater sites, there was not a single candidate model selected to predict total species abundance and assemblage structure. AIC weightings suggested variation in assemblage structure was associated with either Julian date or local habitat characteristics. 5. Fishes rapidly colonised isolated or dry habitats following floods. This was evidenced by the occurrence of fishes in intermittent reaches and the positive association between maximum daily discharge and colonisation events at both headwater sites. 6. Our study suggests floods allow dispersal into intermittent habitats with little or no downstream displacement of fishes. Movement of fishes among habitats during flooding highlights the importance of maintaining connectivity of stream networks of low to medium order prairie streams. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01640.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Franssen, N., Gido, K., Guy, C., Tripe, J., Shrank, S., Strakosh, T., Bertrand, K., Franssen, C., Pitts, K., and Paukert, C., 2006, Effects of floods on fish assemblages in an intermittent prairie stream: Freshwater Biology, v. 51, no. 11, p. 2072-2086, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01640.x.","startPage":"2072","endPage":"2086","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209720,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01640.x"},{"id":236412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06f6e4b0c8380cd514d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franssen, N.R.","contributorId":81300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franssen","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gido, K.B.","contributorId":106298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gido","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tripe, J.A.","contributorId":93258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripe","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shrank, S.J.","contributorId":41640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrank","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Strakosh, T.R.","contributorId":45883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strakosh","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bertrand, K.N.","contributorId":52381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertrand","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Franssen, C.M.","contributorId":104267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franssen","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pitts, K.L.","contributorId":102255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70028883,"text":"70028883 - 2006 - Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028883","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA","docAbstract":"Speciation and microbial transformation of Hg was studied in mine waste from abandoned Hg mines in SW Texas to evaluate the potential for methyl-Hg production and degradation in mine wastes. In mine waste samples, total Hg, ionic Hg2+, Hg0, methyl-Hg, organic C, and total S concentrations were measured, various Hg compounds were identified using thermal desorption pyrolysis, and potential rates of Hg methylation and methyl-Hg demethylation were determined using isotopic-tracer methods. These data are the first reported for Hg mines in this region. Total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations were also determined in stream sediment collected downstream from two of the mines to evaluate transport of Hg and methylation in surrounding ecosystems. Mine waste contains total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations as high as 19,000 ??g/g and 1500 ng/g, respectively, which are among the highest concentrations reported at Hg mines worldwide. Pyrolysis analyses show that mine waste contains variable amounts of cinnabar, metacinnabar, Hg0, and Hg sorbed onto particles. Methyl-Hg concentrations in mine waste correlate positively with ionic Hg2+, organic C, and total S, which are geochemical parameters that influence processes of Hg cycling and methylation. Net methylation rates were as high as 11,000 ng/g/day, indicating significant microbial Hg methylation at some sites, especially in samples collected inside retorts. Microbially-mediated methyl-Hg demethylation was also observed in many samples, but where both methylation and demethylation were found, the potential rate of methylation was faster. Total Hg concentrations in stream sediment samples were generally below the probable effect concentration of 1.06 ??g/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment dwelling organisms; whereas total Hg concentrations in mine waste samples were found to exceed this concentration, although this is a sediment quality guideline and is not directly applicable to mine waste. Although total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations are locally high in some mine waste samples, little Hg appears to be exported from these Hg mines in stream sediment primarily due to the arid climate and lack of precipitation and mine runoff in this region. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Hines, M., and Biester, H., 2006, Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1940-1954, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016.","startPage":"1940","endPage":"1954","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016"},{"id":236380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5423e4b0c8380cd6cec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, M.E.","contributorId":97287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biester, H.","contributorId":44333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biester","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028879,"text":"70028879 - 2006 - Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028879","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","docAbstract":"The abundance of horseshoe crab eggs in the swash zone and remaining on the beach after tide levels fall was evaluated to identify how numbers of eggs available to shorebirds differ with fluctuations in spawning numbers of horseshoe crabs, wave energies and beach elevation changes. Field data were gathered 1-6 June 2004 at Slaughter Beach on the west side of Delaware Bay, USA. Counts of spawning crabs and process data from a pressure transducer and an anemometer and wind vane were related to number of eggs, embryos and larvae taken at depth and on the surface of the foreshore and in the active swash zone using a streamer trap. Beach elevation changes and depths of sediment activation were used to determine the potential for buried eggs to be exhumed by waves and swash. Mean significant wave heights during high water levels ranged from 0.08 to 0.40 m. Spawning counts were low (50-140 females km-1) when wave heights were low; no spawning occurred when wave heights were high. Vegetative litter (wrack) on the beach provides local traps for eggs, making more eggs available for shorebirds. Accumulation of litter on days when wave energy is low increases the probability that eggs will remain on the surface. High wave energies transport more eggs in the swash, but these eggs are dispersed or buried, and fewer eggs remain on the beach. Peaks in the number of eggs in the swash uprush occur during tidal rise and around time of high tide. The number of eggs in transport decreases during falling tide. Many more eggs move in the active swash zone than are found on the beach after water level falls, increasing the efficiency of bird foraging in the swash. Greater numbers of eggs in the swash during rising tide than falling tide and fewer eggs at lower elevations on the beach, imply that foraging becomes less productive as the tide falls and may help account for the tendency of shorebirds to feed on rising tides rather than on falling or low tides on days when no spawning occurs. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, K., Jackson, N., Smith, D., and Weber, R., 2006, Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 70, no. 3, p. 438-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027.","startPage":"438","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027"},{"id":236308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb751e4b08c986b3271bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, R.G.","contributorId":38686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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