The fate of arsenic in groundwater depends largely on its interaction with mineral surfaces. We investigated the kinetics of As(III) oxidation by aquifer materials collected from the USGS research site at Cape Cod, MA, USA, by conducting laboratory experiments. Five different solid samples with similar specific surface areas (0.6–0.9 m2 g−1) and reductively extractable iron contents (18–26 μmol m−2), but with varying total manganese contents (0.5–3.5 μmol m−2) were used. Both dissolved and adsorbed As(III) and As(V) concentrations were measured with time up to 250 h. The As(III) removal rate from solution increased with increasing solid manganese content, suggesting that manganese oxide is responsible for the oxidation of As(III). Under all conditions, dissolved As(V) concentrations were very low. A quantitative model was developed to simulate the extent and kinetics of arsenic transformation by aquifer materials. The model included: (1) reversible rate-limited adsorption of As(III) onto both oxidative and non-oxidative (adsorptive) sites, (2) irreversible rate-limited oxidation of As(III), and (3) equilibrium adsorption of As(V) onto adsorptive sites. Rate constants for these processes, as well as the total oxidative site densities were used as the fitting parameters. The total adsorptive site densities were estimated based on the measured specific surface area of each material. The best fit was provided by considering one fast and one slow site for each adsorptive and oxidative site. The fitting parameters were obtained using the kinetic data for the most reactive aquifer material at different initial As(III) concentrations. Using the same parameters to simulate As(III) and As(V) surface reactions, the model predictions were compared to observations for aquifer materials with different manganese contents. The model simulated the experimental data very well for all materials at all initial As(III) concentrations. The As(V) production rate was related to the concentrations of the free oxidative surface sites and dissolved As(III), as
In 2000-2002, three rangeland and six irrigated sites were instrumented to assess the storage and transit time of chemicals in thick (15 to 50 m) unsaturated zones (UZ) in the High Plains. These processes are likely to influence relations between land use and groundwater quality, yet they have not been documented systematically in the High Plains. Land use and climate were important controls on the size of subsoil chloride, nitrate, and pesticide compound reservoirs. The reservoirs under irrigated cropland generally were larger than those under rangeland because more chemicals were applied to cropland than to rangeland. In some cases, chloride and nitrate reservoirs under rangeland were larger than those under cropland, presumably because of long‐term evaporative concentration near the base of the root zone. Natural salts mobilized by irrigation return flow accounted for as much as 60 and 80% of the nitrate and chloride reservoirs, respectively, under some cropland, as indicated by detailed chemical profiles and isotopic tracers (15N, 18O in nitrate and 2H, 3H, 18O in water). Advective chemical transit times in the UZ under cropland ranged from about 50 to 375 years, longer than any of the instrumented fields had been irrigated, yet agrichemicals were detected at the water table at four of the six sites. The data provide evidence for the existence of slow and fast paths for water movement in the UZ, with larger subsoil chemical reservoirs occurring in areas dominated by slow paths. Implications of these findings with respect to water quality in the aquifer are significant because they indicate that the amount of chemical mass reaching the aquifer could increase with time as chemicals that still reside under irrigated fields reach the water table.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004417","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Dennehy, K., Bruce, B.W., Böhlke, J., Michel, R.L., Gurdak, J., and Hurlbut, D., 2006, Storage and transit time of chemicals in thick unsaturated zones under rangeland and irrigated cropland, High Plains, United States: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 3, W03413; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004417.","productDescription":"W03413; 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b986ce4b08c986b31c019","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dennehy, K.F.","contributorId":41841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruce, B. W.","contributorId":19577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gurdak, J.J.","contributorId":35119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hurlbut, D.B.","contributorId":32597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurlbut","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030692,"text":"70030692 - 2006 - Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030692","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault","docAbstract":"The conventional model of strain accumulation on a vertical transform fault is a discrete screw dislocation in an elastic half-space with the Burgers vector of the dislocation increasing at the rate of relative plate motion. It would be more realistic to replace that discrete dislocation by a dislocation distribution, presumably a pileup in which the individual dislocations are in equilibrium. The length of the pileup depends upon the applied stress and the amount of slip that has occurred at depth. I argue here that the dislocation pileup (the transition on the fault from no slip to slip at the full plate rate) occupies a substantial portion of the lithosphere thickness. A discrete dislocation at an adjustable depth can reproduce the surface deformation profile predicted by a pileup so closely that it will be difficult to distinguish between the two models. The locking depth (dislocation depth) of that discrete dislocation approximation is substantially (???30%) larger than that (depth to top of the pileup) in the pileup model. Thus, in inverting surface deformation data using the discrete dislocation model, the locking depth in the model should not be interpreted as the true locking depth. Although dislocation pileup models should provide a good explanation of the surface deformation near the fault trace, that explanation may not be adequate at greater distances from the fault trace because approximating the expected horizontally distributed deformation at subcrustal depths by uniform slip concentrated on the fault is not justified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB004021","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., 2006, Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004021.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477385,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb004021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004021"},{"id":239081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0215e4b0c8380cd4fe93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030689,"text":"70030689 - 2006 - A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030689","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds","docAbstract":"We present an enhancement of a simulation model to predict annual productivity for Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) and American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla); the model includes effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism. We used species-specific data from the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa to parameterize the model as a case study. The simulation model predicted annual productivity of 2.03 ?? 1.60 SD for Wood Thrushes and 1.56 ?? 1.31 SD for American Redstarts. Our sensitivity analysis showed that high parasitism lowered Wood Thrush annual productivity more than American Redstart productivity, even though parasitism affected individual nests of redstarts more severely. Annual productivity predictions are valuable for habitat managers, but productivity is not easily obtained from field studies. Our model provides a useful means of integrating complex life history parameters to predict productivity for songbirds that experience nest parasitism. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Powell, L., and Knutson, M.G., 2006, A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds: Condor, v. 108, no. 2, p. 292-300, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"292","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477372,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:apmfpm]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212163,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50de4b0c8380cd46ad0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030687,"text":"70030687 - 2006 - Demography, genetics, and the value of mixed messages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:22:11","indexId":"70030687","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography, genetics, and the value of mixed messages","docAbstract":"Iverson et al. (2004) used estimates of the homing rate for molting adult Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in Alaska to draw inferences about population structure. Homing rates, defined as one minus the ratio of birds recaptured elsewhere to those recaptured at the original banding site, were high (0.95–1.00) for males and females. Iverson et al. (2004) concluded that these high rates of homing are indicative of demographic independence among molting groups separated by small distances (tens to hundreds of kilometers) and that conservation efforts should recognize this fine-scale population structure. We re-examined their use of the homing rate, because their assumption of equal detection probability across a wide sampling area could have led to an upward bias in their estimates of site fidelity. As a result, we are hesitant to agree with their conclusion of high adult homing to molting areas and that molt-site fidelity is evidence for demographic independence. Our hesitancy stems from the fact that little is known about juvenile and adult movements within and among years, breeding area origins, and the variation of demographic parameters (e.g., survival and productivity) among molting groups. Furthermore, population genetic data of these molting groups suggest gene flow at both nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Such mixed messages between demographic (i.e., banding) and genetic data are increasingly common in ornithological studies and offer unique opportunities to reassess predictions and make more robust inferences about population structure across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, we stress that it is this broader scale perspective, which combines both demography and genetics, that biologists should seek to quantify and conservation efforts should seek to recognize.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[474:DGATVO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., and Talbot, S.L., 2006, Demography, genetics, and the value of mixed messages: Condor, v. 108, no. 2, p. 474-479, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[474:DGATVO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"479","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487589,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[474:dgatvo]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[474:DGATVO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe8ee4b0c8380cd4edb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030682,"text":"70030682 - 2006 - Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030682","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","docAbstract":"We have numerically modeled evolving fluid pressures and concentrations from a nine-year in situ osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota. These data were obtained and recently interpreted by one of us (C.E.N.) as indicating a potentially significant role for chemical osmosis in media like the Pierre Shale. That analysis considered only the final pressure differentials among boreholes that were assumed to represent osmotic equilibrium. For this study, the system evolution was modeled using a recently developed transient model for membrane transport. The model simulates hydraulically and chemically driven fluid and solute transport. The results yield an estimate of the thickness of the water film between the clay platelets b of 40 A??, which corresponds to an osmotic efficiency ?? of 0.21 for the ambient pore water salinity of 3.5 g/l TDS. These values largely confirm the results of the earlier equilibrium analysis. However, the new model analysis provides additional constraints suggesting that intrinsic permeability k = 1.4 ?? 10-19 m2, specific storage Ss = 1.7 ?? 10-5 m-1, and diffusion coefficient D* = 6 ?? 10-11 m2/s. The k value is larger than certain independent estimates which range from 10-21 to 10-20; it may indicate opening of microcracks during the experiments. The fact that the complex transient pressure and concentration behavior for the individual wells could be reproduced quite accurately, and the inferred parameter values appear to be realistic for the Pierre Shale, suggests that the new model is a useful tool for modeling transient coupled flows in groundwater systems. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Garavito, A., Kooi, H., and Neuzil, C., 2006, Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota: Advances in Water Resources, v. 29, no. 3, p. 481-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004.","startPage":"481","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004"},{"id":239532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f4e4b0c8380cd73aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garavito, A.M.","contributorId":68108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garavito","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kooi, H.","contributorId":83336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kooi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030651,"text":"70030651 - 2006 - Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030651","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004","docAbstract":"Twenty-three snow-course sites in and near Maine, USA, with records spanning at least 50 years through to 2004 were tested for changes over time in snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in March and April. Of the 23 sites, 18 had a significant decrease (Mann-Kendall test, p < 0??1) in snowpack depth or a significant increase in snowpack density over time. Data from four sites in the mountains of western Maine-northern New Hampshire with mostly complete records from 1926 to 2004 indicate that average snowpack depths have decreased by about 16% and densities have increased by about 11%. Average snowpack depths and water equivalents in western Maine-northern New Hampshire peaked in the 1950s and 1960s, and densities peaked in the most recent decade. Previous studies in western North America also found a water-equivalent peak in the third quarter of the 20th century. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6111","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G., and Dudley, R.W., 2006, Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004, in Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 4, p. 741-751, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6111.","startPage":"741","endPage":"751","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6111"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f41ae4b0c8380cd4bb3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, G.A.","contributorId":14022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, R. W.","contributorId":90780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030643,"text":"70030643 - 2006 - Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030643","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic investigations of fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine sediments exposed in stream cuts, quarry walls, and deep trenches east of the Sierra Nevada in Owens Valley near Lone Pine, California have enabled the reconstruction of pluvial Owens Lake level oscillations. Age control for these sediments is from 22 radiocarbon (14C) dates and the identification and stratigraphic correlation of a tephra, which when plotted as a function of age versus altitude, define numerous oscillations in the level of pluvial Owens Lake during the latest Pleistocene and early Holocene. We have constructed a lake-level altitude curve for the time interval ???27,000 cal yr BP to present that is based on the integration of this new stratigraphic analysis with published surface stratigraphic data and subsurface core data. Pluvial Owens Lake regressed from its latest Pleistocene highstands from ???27,000 to ???15,300 cal yr BP, as recorded by ???15 m of down cutting of the sill from the altitudes of ???1160 to 1145 m. By ???11,600 cal yr BP, the lake had dropped ???45 m from the 1145 m sill. This lowstand was followed by an early Holocene transgression that attained a highstand near 1135 m before dropping to 1120 m at 7860-7650 cal yr BP that had not been recognized in earlier studies. The lake then lowered another ???30 m to shallow and near desiccation levels between ???6850 and 4300 cal yr BP. Fluvial cut-and-fill relations north of Lone Pine and well-preserved shoreline features at ???1108 m indicate a minor lake-level rise after 4300 cal yr BP, followed by alkaline and shallow conditions during the latest Holocene. The new latest Quaternary lake-level record of pluvial Owens Lake offers insight to the hydrologic balance along the east side of the southern Sierra Nevada and will assist regional paleoclimatic models for the western Basin and Range. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Bacon, S., Burke, R.M., Pezzopane, S., and Jayko, A.S., 2006, Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 11-12, p. 1264-1282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1282","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212078,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014"},{"id":239496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44bae4b0c8380cd66d22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, S.N.","contributorId":41636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, R. M.","contributorId":37793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pezzopane, S.K.","contributorId":21575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pezzopane","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030638,"text":"70030638 - 2006 - Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: Continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030638","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: Continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific","docAbstract":"Site 1233 drilled during Leg 202 of the Ocean Drilling Program provides a detailed record of marine and continental climate change in the Southeast Pacific and South American continent. Splits from over 500 samples taken at 20 cm intervals for quantitative analysis of radiolarian and pollen populations yield a temporal resolution of 200-400 years. In each sample, 39 pollen taxa and 40 radiolarian species and genera were evaluated. Age control is provided by 25 AMS 14C dates [Lamy, F., Kaiser, J., Ninnemann, U., Hebbeln, D., Arz, H.W., Stoner, J., 2004. Science 304, 1959-1962]. Multivariate statistical analyses of these data allow us to conclude the following: (1) During the past 50 ka, the region of the central Chile coast is not directly influenced by polar water from the Antarctic region. (2) Changes in ocean conditions off central Chile during this time interval primarily reflect north-south shifts in the position of the South Pacific transition zone. (3) Changes in Chilean vegetation reflect comparable latitudinal shifts in precipitation and the position of the southern westerlies. (4) The first canonical variate of radiolarian and pollen records extracted from Site 1233 are remarkably similar to each other as well as to temperature records from the Antarctic, which suggests that marine and continental climate variability in the region is tightly coupled at periods longer than 3000 years. (5) The phase coupling of these climate records, which lead variations of continental erosion based on iron abundance at the same site, are consistent with a hypothesis that erosion is linked to relatively long (i.e, few thousand years) response times of the Patagonian ice sheet, and thus is not a direct indicator of regional climate. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Pisias, N.G., Heusser, L., Heusser, C., Hostetler, S.W., Mix, A., and Weber, M., 2006, Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: Continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 5-6, p. 455-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009.","startPage":"455","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009"},{"id":239425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93ffe4b0c8380cd81141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pisias, N. G.","contributorId":93640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pisias","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heusser, L.","contributorId":106888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heusser, C.","contributorId":107495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mix, A.C.","contributorId":31139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mix","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weber, M.","contributorId":93231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030630,"text":"70030630 - 2006 - Three-dimensional model for multi-component reactive transport with variable density groundwater flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030630","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional model for multi-component reactive transport with variable density groundwater flow","docAbstract":"PHWAT is a new model that couples a geochemical reaction model (PHREEQC-2) with a density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport model (SEAWAT) using the split-operator approach. PHWAT was developed to simulate multi-component reactive transport in variable density groundwater flow. Fluid density in PHWAT depends not on only the concentration of a single species as in SEAWAT, but also the concentrations of other dissolved chemicals that can be subject to reactive processes. Simulation results of PHWAT and PHREEQC-2 were compared in their predictions of effluent concentration from a column experiment. Both models produced identical results, showing that PHWAT has correctly coupled the sub-packages. PHWAT was then applied to the simulation of a tank experiment in which seawater intrusion was accompanied by cation exchange. The density dependence of the intrusion and the snow-plough effect in the breakthrough curves were reflected in the model simulations, which were in good agreement with the measured breakthrough data. Comparison simulations that, in turn, excluded density effects and reactions allowed us to quantify the marked effect of ignoring these processes. Next, we explored numerical issues involved in the practical application of PHWAT using the example of a dense plume flowing into a tank containing fresh water. It was shown that PHWAT could model physically unstable flow and that numerical instabilities were suppressed. Physical instability developed in the model in accordance with the increase of the modified Rayleigh number for density-dependent flow, in agreement with previous research. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.11.008","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Mao, X., Prommer, H., Barry, D., Langevin, C., Panteleit, B., and Li, L., 2006, Three-dimensional model for multi-component reactive transport with variable density groundwater flow: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 21, no. 5, p. 615-628, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.11.008.","startPage":"615","endPage":"628","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487629,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/101311","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.11.008"},{"id":239284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb332e4b08c986b325c48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mao, X.","contributorId":97704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prommer, H.","contributorId":12264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prommer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barry, D.A.","contributorId":100194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Panteleit, B.","contributorId":70597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panteleit","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, L.","contributorId":63615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030406,"text":"70030406 - 2006 - Thermodynamic calculations in the system CH4-H2O and methane hydrate phase equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030406","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2425,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic calculations in the system CH4-H2O and methane hydrate phase equilibria","docAbstract":"Using the Gibbs function of reaction, equilibrium pressure, temperature conditions for the formation of methane clathrate hydrate have been calculated from the thermodynamic properties of phases in the system CH4-H 2O. The thermodynamic model accurately reproduces the published phase-equilibria data to within ??2 K of the observed equilibrium boundaries in the range 0.08-117 MPa and 190-307 K. The model also provides an estimate of the third-law entropy of methane hydrate at 273.15 K, 0.1 MPa of 56.2 J mol-1 K-1 for 1/n CH4??H 2O, where n is the hydrate number. Agreement between the calculated and published phase-equilibria data is optimized when the hydrate composition is fixed and independent of the pressure and temperature for the conditions modeled. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Physical Chemistry B","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/jp055422f","issn":"15206106","usgsCitation":"Circone, S., Kirby, S.H., and Stern, L., 2006, Thermodynamic calculations in the system CH4-H2O and methane hydrate phase equilibria: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, v. 110, no. 16, p. 8232-8239, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp055422f.","startPage":"8232","endPage":"8239","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211721,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp055422f"},{"id":239065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb26ee4b08c986b3257d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Circone, S.","contributorId":35901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030401,"text":"70030401 - 2006 - Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70030401","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2574,"text":"Journal of the World Aquaculture Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus","docAbstract":"Two methods were developed for the production of larval fish diets. The first method, microextrusion marumerization (MEM), has been tested in laboratory feeding trials for many years and produces particles that are palatable and water stable. The second method, particle-assisted rotational agglomeration (PARA), produced diets that have lower density than diets produced by MEM. Each method was used to produce diets in the 250- to 400- and 400- to 700-??m range and compared with a reference diet (Fry Feed Kyowa* [FFK]) for feeding larval walleye in two experiments. The effect of substituting 4% of the fish meal with freeze-dried artemia fines was also investigated. In the first experiment, 30-d survival was greater (P < 0.05) for fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia (49.1.0%) than for fish fed the same diet produced by MEM (27.6%). The addition of Artemia to a diet produced by MEM did not increase survival of larval walleye. Fish fed the reference diet had 24.4% survival. In the second experiment, there was an effect of both processing method and Artemia supplementation, and an interaction of these effects, on survival. Fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia supplementation had 48.4% survival, and fish fed the same diet produced by MEM had only 19.6% survival. Inclusion of 4% freeze-dried Artemia improved (P < 0.04) survival of fish fed MEM particles but not those fed PARA particles. Fish fed FFK had greater weight gain than fish fed other diets in both experiments. Data indicate that the PARA method of diet processing produces smaller, lower density particles than the MEM process and that diets produced by the PARA process support higher survival of larval walleye with low capital and operating costs. ?? Copyright by the World Aquaculture Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the World Aquaculture Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00021.x","issn":"08938849","usgsCitation":"Barrows, F., and Lellis, W., 2006, Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v. 37, no. 2, p. 154-160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00021.x.","startPage":"154","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212124,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00021.x"},{"id":239550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d1e4b0c8380cd50f96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030399,"text":"70030399 - 2006 - Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:16:57","indexId":"70030399","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy","docAbstract":"We present a comprehensive processing tool for the real‐time analysis of the source mechanism of very long period (VLP) seismic data based on waveform inversions performed in the frequency domain for a point source. A search for the source providing the best‐fitting solution is conducted over a three‐dimensional grid of assumed source locations, in which the Green's functions associated with each point source are calculated by finite differences using the reciprocal relation between source and receiver. Tests performed on 62 nodes of a Linux cluster indicate that the waveform inversion and search for the best‐fitting signal over 100,000 point sources require roughly 30 s of processing time for a 2‐min‐long record. The procedure is applied to post‐processing of a data archive and to continuous automatic inversion of real‐time data at Stromboli, providing insights into different modes of degassing at this volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005GL024703","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Auger, E., D’Auria, L., Martini, M., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2006, Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 4, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024703.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024703","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Stromboli volcano","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95a7e4b0c8380cd81b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auger, E.","contributorId":71844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Auria, L.","contributorId":28821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Auria","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, M.","contributorId":24909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030364,"text":"70030364 - 2006 - Cumulative uncertainty in measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T15:09:24.557607","indexId":"70030364","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3619,"text":"Transactions of the ASABE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cumulative uncertainty in measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds","docAbstract":"The scientific community has not established an adequate understanding of the uncertainty inherent in measured water quality data, which is introduced by four procedural categories: streamflow measurement, sample collection, sample preservation/storage, and laboratory analysis. Although previous research has produced valuable information on relative differences in procedures within these categories, little information is available that compares the procedural categories or presents the cumulative uncertainty in resulting water quality data. As a result, quality control emphasis is often misdirected, and data uncertainty is typically either ignored or accounted for with an arbitrary margin of safety. Faced with the need for scientifically defensible estimates of data uncertainty to support water resource management, the objectives of this research were to: (1) compile selected published information on uncertainty related to measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds, (2) use a root mean square error propagation method to compare the uncertainty introduced by each procedural category, and (3) use the error propagation method to determine the cumulative probable uncertainty in measured streamflow, sediment, and nutrient data. Best case, typical, and worst case data quality scenarios were examined. Averaged across all constituents, the calculated cumulative probable uncertainty (%) contributed under typical scenarios ranged from 6% to 19% for streamflow measurement, from 4% to 48% for sample collection, from 2% to 16% for sample preservation/storage, and from 5% to 21% for laboratory analysis. Under typical conditions, errors in storm loads ranged from 8% to 104% for dissolved nutrients, from 8% to 110% for total N and P, and from 7% to 53% for TSS. Results indicated that uncertainty can increase substantially under poor measurement conditions and limited quality control effort. This research provides introductory scientific estimates of uncertainty in measured water quality data. The results and procedures presented should also assist modelers in quantifying the quality of calibration and evaluation data sets, determining model accuracy goals, and evaluating model performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.20488","issn":"00012351","usgsCitation":"Harmel, R., Cooper, R., Slade, R., Haney, R., and Arnold, J., 2006, Cumulative uncertainty in measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 49, no. 3, p. 689-701, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.20488.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"701","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd0ce4b0c8380cd4e5df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmel, R. D.","contributorId":20155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmel","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slade, R.M.","contributorId":84364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, R.L.","contributorId":58461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arnold, J.G.","contributorId":15830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028990,"text":"70028990 - 2006 - Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028990","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"From October 2002 to April 2004, data were collected from Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport (TX, USA) outfalls and receiving waters (Trigg Lake and Big Bear Creek) to document the magnitude and potential effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) runoff on water quality. Glycol concentrations at outfalls ranged from less than 18 to 23,800 mg/L, whereas concentrations in Big Bear Creek were less because of dilution, dispersion, and degradation, ranging from less than 18 to 230 mg/L. Annual loading results indicate that 10 and 35% of what was applied to aircraft was discharged to Big Bear Creek in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Glycol that entered Trigg Lake was diluted and degraded before reaching the lake outlet. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations at airport outfalls sometimes were low (<2.0 mg/L) but typical of what was measured in an urban reference stream. In comparison, the DO concentration at Trigg Lake monitoring sites was consistently greater than 5.5 mg/L during the monitoring period, probably because of the installation of aerators in the lake by DFW personnel. The DO concentration in Big Bear Creek was very similar at sites upstream and downstream of airport influence (>5.0 mg/L). Results of toxicity tests indicate that effects on Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, and Selanastrum capricornutum are influenced by type IV ADAF (anti-icer), not just type I ADAF (deicer) as is more commonly assumed. ?? 2006 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-100R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Harwell, G., Geis, S., and Bergman, D., 2006, Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 11, p. 2890-2900, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-100R.1.","startPage":"2890","endPage":"2900","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209911,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-100R.1"},{"id":236663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e2e4b0c8380cd6170c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, S.R.","contributorId":76346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwell, G.R.","contributorId":56845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geis, S.W.","contributorId":86538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergman, D.","contributorId":35932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030346,"text":"70030346 - 2006 - Demographic patterns and harvest vulnerability of chronic wasting disease infected white-tailed deer in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030346","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic patterns and harvest vulnerability of chronic wasting disease infected white-tailed deer in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) caused by transmissible protease-resistant prions. Since the discovery of CWD in southern Wisconsin in 2001, more than 20,000 deer have been removed from a >2,500-km2 disease eradication zone surrounding the three initial cases. Nearly all deer removed were tested for CWD infection and sex, age, and harvest location were recorded. Our analysis used data from a 310-km2 core study area where disease prevalence was higher than surrounding areas. We found no difference in harvest rates between CWD infected and noninfected deer. Our results show that the probability of infection increased with age and that adult males were more likely to be infected than adult females. Six fawns tested positive for CWD, five fawns from the core study area, including the youngest (5 months) free-ranging cervid to test positive. The increase in male prevalence with age is nearly twice the increase found in females. We concluded that CWD is not randomly distributed among deer and that differential transmission among sex and age classes is likely driving the observed patterns in disease prevalence. We discuss alternative hypotheses for CWD transmission and spread and, in addition, discuss several possible nonlinear relationships between prevalence and age. Understanding CWD transmission in free-ranging cervid populations will be essential to the development of strategies to manage this disease in areas where CWD is found, as well as for surveillance strategies in areas where CWD threatens to spread.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[546:DPAHVO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Grear, D., Samuel, M., Langenberg, J., and Keane, D., 2006, Demographic patterns and harvest vulnerability of chronic wasting disease infected white-tailed deer in Wisconsin: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 2, p. 546-553, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[546:DPAHVO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"546","endPage":"553","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211830,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[546:DPAHVO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe82e4b0c8380cd4ed78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grear, D.A. 0000-0002-5478-1549","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1549","contributorId":6253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grear","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenberg, J.A.","contributorId":91055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenberg","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keane, D.","contributorId":95684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030227,"text":"70030227 - 2006 - Alteration of soil microbial communities and water quality in restored wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T13:49:30","indexId":"70030227","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alteration of soil microbial communities and water quality in restored wetlands","docAbstract":"Land usage is a strong determinant of soil microbial community composition and activity, which in turn determine organic matter decomposition rates and decomposition products in soils. Microbial communities in permanently flooded wetlands, such as those created by wetland restoration on Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta islands in California, function under restricted aeration conditions that result in increasing anaerobiosis with depth. It was hypothesized that the change from agricultural management to permanently flooded wetland would alter microbial community composition, increase the amount and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compounds in Delta waters; and have a predominant impact on microbial communities as compared with the effects of other environmental factors including soil type and agricultural management. Based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, active microbial communities of the restored wetlands were changed significantly from those of the agricultural fields, and wetland microbial communities varied widely with soil depth. The relative abundance of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased with increasing soil depth in both wetland and agricultural profiles, whereas branched fatty acids were relatively more abundant at all soil depths in wetlands as compared to agricultural fields. Decomposition conditions were linked to DOC quantity and quality using fatty acid functional groups to conclude that restricted aeration conditions found in the wetlands were strongly related to production of reactive carbon compounds. But current vegetation may have had an equally important role in determining DOC quality in restored wetlands. In a larger scale analysis, that included data from wetland and agricultural sites on Delta islands and data from two previous studies from the Sacramento Valley, an aeration gradient was defined as the predominant determinant of active microbial communities across soil types and land usage. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.027","issn":"00380717","usgsCitation":"Bossio, D., Fleck, J., Scow, K., and Fujii, R., 2006, Alteration of soil microbial communities and water quality in restored wetlands: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 38, no. 6, p. 1223-1233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.027.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1233","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212087,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.027"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e978e4b0c8380cd482d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bossio, D.A.","contributorId":80897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossio","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, J.A. 0000-0002-3217-3972","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":35864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scow, K.M.","contributorId":44735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scow","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030216,"text":"70030216 - 2006 - The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:11:28","indexId":"70030216","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in south central Washington was claimed by the federal government as a site for the production of plutonium. During the course of production and operation of the facilities at Hanford, radionuclides and chromium were discharged directly into the river and also contaminated the groundwater. This study was designed to assess the effects of chromium (Cr) on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fertilization under exposure conditions similar to those of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. Chinook salmon gametes were exposed to aqueous Cr concentrations ranging from 0 to 266 μg Cr l−1. The current ambient water-quality criteria (AWQC) established for the protection of aquatic life (United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] 1986) is 11 μg Cr l−1. Cr has been measured in pore water from bottom sediments of the Columbia River at concentrations >600 μg Cr l−1. Under exposure conditions designed to closely mimic events that occur in the river, the fertilization of Chinook salmon eggs was not affected by concentrations of Cr ranging from 11 to 266 μg Cr l−1. Data suggest that the instantaneous nature of fertilization likely limits the potential effects of Cr on fertilization success. As a result, the current AWQC of 11 μg Cr l−1 is most likely protective of Chinook salmon fertilization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-0010-2","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., Harper, D., Cleveland, L., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Little, E.E., 2006, The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 575-579, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0010-2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"579","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211970,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0010-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Hanford Reach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.80590820312499,\n 46.66074749832071\n ],\n [\n -119.8553466796875,\n 46.59661864884465\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -119.5147705078125,\n 46.66074749832071\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 46.54752767224308\n ],\n [\n -119.3280029296875,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -119.26208496093751,\n 46.58529390583601\n ],\n [\n -119.41589355468749,\n 46.71350244599995\n ],\n [\n -119.5037841796875,\n 46.74738913515841\n ],\n [\n -119.72900390625001,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -119.80590820312499,\n 46.66074749832071\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baeaee4b08c986b32427d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, D.D.","contributorId":82526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, L.","contributorId":82084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028985,"text":"70028985 - 2006 - Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028985","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA","docAbstract":"A small stream in the Great Plains of USA was sampled to understand the streamflow components following intense precipitation and the influence of water storage structures in the drainage basin. Precipitation, stream, ponds, ground-water and soil moisture were sampled for determination of isotopic (D, 18O) and chemical (Cl, SO4) composition before and after two intense rain events. Following the first storm event, flow at the downstream locations was generated primarily through shallow subsurface flow and runoff whereas in the headwaters region - where a pond is located in the stream channel - shallow ground-water and pond outflow contributed to the flow. The distinct isotopic signatures of precipitation and the evaporated pond water allowed separation of the event water from the other sources that contributed to the flow. Similarly, variations in the Cl and SO4 concentrations helped identify the relative contributions of ground-water and soil moisture to the streamflow. The relationship between deuterium excess and Cl or SO4 content reveals that the early contributions from a rain event to streamflow depend upon the antecedent climatic conditions and the position along the stream channel within the watershed. The design of this study, in which data from several locations within a watershed were collected, shows that in small streams changes in relative contributions from ground water and soil moisture complicate hydrograph separation, with surface-water bodies providing additional complexity. It also demonstrates the usefulness of combined chemical and isotopic methods in hydrologic investigations, especially the utility of the deuterium excess parameter in quantifying the relative contributions of various source components to the stream flow. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Machavaram, M., Whittemore, D.O., Conrad, M., and Miller, N., 2006, Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 330, no. 3-4, p. 470-480, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004.","startPage":"470","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004"},{"id":236660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"330","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a811ae4b0c8380cd7b383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machavaram, M.V.","contributorId":9051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machavaram","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrad, M.E.","contributorId":26088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, N.L.","contributorId":82904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016487,"text":"1016487 - 2006 - Effects of radio marking on prairie falcons: Attachment failures provide insights about survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1016487","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of radio marking on prairie falcons: Attachment failures provide insights about survival","docAbstract":"From 1999-2002, we attached satellite-received platform transmitter terminals (PTTs) to 40 adult female prairie falcons (Falco mexicanus) on their nesting grounds in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA) in southwest Idaho. We used 3 variations of a backpack harness design that had been used previously on raptors. Each radiomarked falcon also received a color leg band with a unique alphanumeric code. We monitored survival of birds using radiotelemetry and searched for marked birds on their nesting grounds during breeding seasons after marking. Because 6 falcons removed their harnesses during the first year, we were able to compare survival rates of birds that shed PTTs with those that retained them. We describe a harness design that failed prematurely as well as designs that proved successful for long-term PTT attachment. We resighted 21 marked individuals on nesting areas 1-5 years after they were radiomarked and documented 13 mortalities of satellite-tracked falcons. We used a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate apparent survival probability based on band resighting and telemetry data. Platform transmitter terminals had no short-term effects on falcons or their nesting success during the nesting season they were marked, but birds that shed their transmitters increased their probability of survival. Estimated annual survival for birds that shed their transmitters was 87% compared to 49% for birds wearing transmitters. We discuss possible reasons for differences in apparent survival rates and offer recommendations for future marking of falcons.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Steenhof, K., Bates, K.K., Fuller, M.R., Kochert, M.N., McKinley, J., and Lukacs, P.M., 2006, Effects of radio marking on prairie falcons: Attachment failures provide insights about survival: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 1, p. 116-126.","productDescription":"p. 116-126","startPage":"116","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, Kirk K.","contributorId":43723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKinley, J.O.","contributorId":62182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinley","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":101240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1016410,"text":"1016410 - 2006 - Phylogeography and genetic identification of the newly-discovered populations of torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton cascade and R. variegatus) in the central Cascades (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-15T13:49:20.547791","indexId":"1016410","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogeography and genetic identification of the newly-discovered populations of torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton cascade and R. variegatus) in the central Cascades (USA)","docAbstract":"Newly discovered populations of Rhyacotritonidae were investigated for taxonomic identity, hybridization, and sympatry. Species in the genus Rhyacotriton have been historically difficult to identify using morphological characters. Mitochondrial (mtDNA) 16S ribosomal RNA sequences (491 bp) and allozymes (6 loci) were used to identify the distribution of populations occurring intermediate between the previously described ranges of R. variegatus and R. cascadae in the central Cascade Mountain region of Oregon. Allozyme and mitochondrial sequence data both indicated the presence of two distinct evolutionary lineages, with each lineage corresponding to the allopatric distribution of R. cascadae and R. variegatus. Results suggest the Willamette River acts as a phylogeographic barrier limiting the distribution of both species, although we cannot exclude the possibility that reproductive isolation also exists that reinforces species' distributions. This study extends the previously described geographical ranges of both R. cascadae and R. variegatus and defines an eastern range limit for R. variegatus conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1655/04-52.1","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R., Miller, M.P., and Haig, S.M., 2006, Phylogeography and genetic identification of the newly-discovered populations of torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton cascade and R. variegatus) in the central Cascades (USA): Herpetologica, v. 62, no. 1, p. 63-70, https://doi.org/10.1655/04-52.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.72802734375,\n 46.3507193554773\n ],\n [\n -122.772216796875,\n 46.3507193554773\n ],\n [\n -122.772216796875,\n 47.148633511301426\n ],\n [\n -123.72802734375,\n 47.148633511301426\n ],\n [\n -123.72802734375,\n 46.3507193554773\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, R.S.","contributorId":57427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028852,"text":"70028852 - 2006 - Radiative transfer modeling of dust-coated Pancam calibration target materials: Laboratory visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028852","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiative transfer modeling of dust-coated Pancam calibration target materials: Laboratory visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometry","docAbstract":"Laboratory visible/near-infrared multispectral observations of Mars Exploration Rover Pancam calibration target materials coated with different thicknesses of Mars spectral analog dust were acquired under variable illumination geometries using the Bloomsburg University Goniometer. The data were fit with a two-layer radiative transfer model that combines a Hapke formulation for the dust with measured values of the substrate interpolated using a He-Torrance approach. We first determined the single-scattering albedo, phase function, opposition effect width, and amplitude for the dust using the entire data set (six coating thicknesses, three substrates, four wavelengths, and phase angles 3??-117??). The dust exhibited single-scattering albedo values similar to other Mars analog soils and to Mars Pathfinder dust and a dominantly forward scattering behavior whose scattering lobe became narrower at longer wavelengths. Opacity values for each dust thickness corresponded well to those predicted from the particles sizes of the Mars analog dust. We then restricted the number of substrates, dust thicknesses, and incidence angles input to the model. The results suggest that the dust properties are best characterized when using substrates whose reflectances are brighter and darker than those of the deposited dust and data that span a wide range of dust thicknesses. The model also determined the dust photometric properties relatively well despite limitations placed on the range of incidence angles. The model presented here will help determine the photometric properties of dust deposited on the MER rovers and to track the multiple episodes of dust deposition and erosion that have occurred at both landing sites. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002658","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Sohl-Dickstein, J., Grundy, W., Arvidson, R., Bell, J., Christensen, P.R., Graff, T., Guinness, E., Kinch, K., Morris, R., and Shepard, M., 2006, Radiative transfer modeling of dust-coated Pancam calibration target materials: Laboratory visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometry: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002658.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209719,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002658"},{"id":236411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9398e4b0c8380cd80f09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl-Dickstein, J.","contributorId":8295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl-Dickstein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grundy, W.M.","contributorId":12659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundy","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Graff, T.","contributorId":15803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graff","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guinness, E.A.","contributorId":78070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinness","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kinch, K.","contributorId":80459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinch","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morris, Robert","contributorId":70723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Shepard, M.K.","contributorId":23725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70031205,"text":"70031205 - 2006 - Shocked plagioclase signatures in Thermal Emission Spectrometer data of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:58:37","indexId":"70031205","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shocked plagioclase signatures in Thermal Emission Spectrometer data of Mars","docAbstract":"The extensive impact cratering record on Mars combined with evidence from SNC meteorites suggests that a significant fraction of the surface is composed of materials subjected to variable shock pressures. Pressure-induced structural changes in minerals during high-pressure shock events alter their thermal infrared spectral emission features, particularly for feldspars, in a predictable fashion. To understand the degree to which the distribution and magnitude of shock effects influence martian surface mineralogy, we used standard spectral mineral libraries supplemented by laboratory spectra of experimentally shocked bytownite feldspar to deconvolve Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data from six relatively large (>50 km) impact craters on Mars. We used both TES orbital data and TES mosaics (emission phase function sequences) to study local and regional areas near the craters, and compared the differences between models using single TES detector data and