{"pageNumber":"932","pageRowStart":"23275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46893,"records":[{"id":70030674,"text":"70030674 - 2006 - Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030674","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1013,"text":"Bioinspiration and Biomimetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins","docAbstract":"The development of a unique dolphin biomimetic sonar produced data that were used to study signal processing methods for object identification. Echoes from four metallic objects proud on the bottom, and a substrate-only condition, were generated by bottlenose dolphins trained to ensonify the targets in very shallow water. Using the two-element ('binaural') receive array, object echo spectra were collected and submitted for identification to four neural network architectures. Identification accuracy was evaluated over two receive array configurations, and five signal processing schemes. The four neural networks included backpropagation, learning vector quantization, genetic learning and probabilistic network architectures. The processing schemes included four methods that capitalized on the binaural data, plus a monaural benchmark process. All the schemes resulted in above-chance identification accuracy when applied to learning vector quantization and backpropagation. Beam-forming or concatenation of spectra from both receive elements outperformed the monaural benchmark, with higher sensitivity and lower bias. Ultimately, best object identification performance was achieved by the learning vector quantization network supplied with beam-formed data. The advantages of multi-element signal processing for object identification are clearly demonstrated in this development of a first-ever dolphin biomimetic sonar. ?? 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bioinspiration and Biomimetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002","issn":"17483182","usgsCitation":"Heiweg, D., Moore, P., Martin, S., and Dankiewicz, L., 2006, Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins: Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, v. 1, no. 2, p. 41-51, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002.","startPage":"41","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc022e4b08c986b329f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heiweg, D.A.","contributorId":73818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heiweg","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, P.W.","contributorId":98111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, S.W.","contributorId":65283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dankiewicz, L.A.","contributorId":49599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dankiewicz","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028523,"text":"70028523 - 2006 - Cosmogenic 3He production rates revisited from evidences of grain size dependent release of matrix-sited helium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:15:38","indexId":"70028523","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Cosmogenic <sup>3</sup>He production rates revisited from evidences of grain size dependent release of matrix-sited helium","title":"Cosmogenic 3He production rates revisited from evidences of grain size dependent release of matrix-sited helium","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\"><p id=\"\">Measurements of the cosmogenic <sup>3</sup>He (<sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub>) content of various size aliquots of exposed olivines show that the fine fraction (&lt;140&nbsp;μm) has <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> concentrations between 14 and 100% lower than that of the coarse fractions (0.14–1&nbsp;mm). Such differences attest to a grain size dependent partial release of <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> from the phenocrysts matrix during the preliminary in vacuo crushing. This result might have important implications since most&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> measurements have used for ∼20&nbsp;yr a standard routine based on the fusion of bulk&nbsp;<i>powdered</i> phenocrysts, whatever their grain size. A suite of new data obtained from coarse olivine grains yielded a mean Sea Level High Latitude <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> production rate (SLHL P<sub>3</sub>) of 128±5 and 136±6&nbsp;at. g<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the scaling factors used. This new value, which is ∼15% higher than previously published rates, is obtained from 5 ropy flow surfaces of Mt Etna (38°N) and Hawaiian (19°N) volcanoes, at elevations between sea level and 870&nbsp;m and ranging in age from 1.47±0.05 to 149±23&nbsp;ka according to independent <sup>14</sup>C or K/Ar dating. <sup>3</sup>He loss during the crushing step might account for the discrepancy between the standard reference value of 110–115&nbsp;at. g<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> and the higher SLHL P<sub>3</sub> proposed here. More generally, removal of the powdered fraction before fusion is an important point to consider in further studies in order to avoid any <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c&nbsp;</sub>systematic underestimates.</p><p id=\"\">An altitudinal section has also been sampled on the ropy surface of a ∼1500&nbsp;yr single flow of Mauna Loa (19°N) which allowed a new empirical atmospheric attenuation length of 149±22&nbsp;g cm<sup>−2</sup> to be documented for <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> in olivines between 2400 and 4000&nbsp;m elevations.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.012","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Blard, P., Pik, R., Lave, J., Bourles, D., Burnard, P., Yokochi, R., Marty, B., and Trusdell, F., 2006, Cosmogenic 3He production rates revisited from evidences of grain size dependent release of matrix-sited helium: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 247, no. 3-4, p. 222-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"247","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5fe4b0c8380cd4e262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blard, P.-H.","contributorId":54475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blard","given":"P.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pik, R.","contributorId":74646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pik","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lave, J.","contributorId":11894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lave","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourles, D.","contributorId":66036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourles","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burnard, P.G.","contributorId":22212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnard","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yokochi, R.","contributorId":100701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yokochi","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marty, B.","contributorId":61231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marty","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trusdell, F.","contributorId":61233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70030853,"text":"70030853 - 2006 - Murre eggs (<i>Uria aalge</i> and <i>Uria lomvia</i>) as indicators of mercury contamination in the Alaskan marine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:54:01","indexId":"70030853","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Murre eggs (<i>Uria aalge</i> and <i>Uria lomvia</i>) as indicators of mercury contamination in the Alaskan marine environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sixty common murre (</span><i>Uria aalge</i><span>) and 27 thick-billed murre (</span><i>Uria lomvia</i><span>) eggs collected by the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) in 1999−2001 from two Gulf of Alaska and three Bering Sea nesting colonies were analyzed for total mercury (Hg) using isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Hg concentrations (wet mass) ranged from 0.011 μg/g to 0.357 μg/g (relative standard deviation = 76%), while conspecifics from the same colonies and years had an average relative standard deviation of 33%. Hg levels in eggs from the Gulf of Alaska (0.166 μg/g ± 0.011 μg/g) were significantly higher (</span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.0001) than in the Bering Sea (0.047 μg/g ± 0.004 μg/g). Within the Bering Sea, Hg was significantly higher (</span><i>p</i><span> = 0.0007) in eggs from Little Diomede Island near the arctic than at the two more southern colonies. Although thick-billed and common murres are ecologically similar, there were significant species differences in egg Hg concentrations within each region (</span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.0001). In the Bering Sea, eggs from thick-billed murres had higher Hg concentrations than eggs from common murres, while in the Gulf of Alaska, common murre eggs had higher concentrations than those of thick-billed murres. A separate one-way analysis of variance on the only time−trend data currently available for a colony (St. Lazaria Island in the Gulf of Alaska) found significantly lower Hg concentrations in common murre eggs collected in 2001 compared to 1999 (</span><i>p</i><span> = 0.017). Results from this study indicate that murre eggs may be effective monitoring units for detecting geographic, species, and temporal patterns of Hg contamination in marine food webs. The relatively small intracolony variation in egg Hg levels and the ability to consistently obtain adequate sample sizes both within and among colonies over a large geographic range means that monitoring efforts using murre eggs will have suitable statistical power for detecting environmental patterns of Hg contamination. The potential influences of trophic effects, physical transport patterns, and biogeochemical processes on these monitoring efforts are discussed, and future plans to investigate the sources of the observed variability are presented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es051064i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Day, R.D., Vander Pol, S.S., Christopher, S.J., Davis, W., Pugh, R.S., Simac, K.S., Roseneau, D.G., and Becker, P., 2006, Murre eggs (<i>Uria aalge</i> and <i>Uria lomvia</i>) as indicators of mercury contamination in the Alaskan marine environment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 659-665, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051064i.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"665","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60d7e4b0c8380cd716e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Russel D.","contributorId":89418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Russel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vander Pol, Stacy S.","contributorId":38776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Pol","given":"Stacy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christopher, Steven J.","contributorId":85473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christopher","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, W.C.","contributorId":6339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pugh, Rebecca S.","contributorId":11826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pugh","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roseneau, David G.","contributorId":73394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roseneau","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Becker, P.R.","contributorId":101035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70187450,"text":"70187450 - 2006 - Foraging ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:45:59","indexId":"70187450","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Foraging ecology","docAbstract":"<ol><li>Longitudinal foraging data collected from 60 sea otters implanted with VHF radio transmitters at two study sites in Central California over a three-year period demonstrated even greater individual dietary specialization than in previous studies, with only 54% dietary overlap between individuals and the population.</li><li>Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that individual diets could be grouped into three general \"diet types\" representing distinct foraging specializations. Type 1 specialists consumed large size prey but had low dive efficiency, Type 2 specialists consumed small to medium size prey with high dive efficiency, and Type 3 specialists consumed very small prey (mainly snails) with very high dive efficiency.</li><li>The mean rate of energy gain for the population as a whole was low when compared to other sea otter populations in Alaska but showed a high degree of within- and betweenindividual variation, much of which was accounted for by the three foraging strategies. Type 1 specialists had the highest mean energy gain but also the highest withinindividual variance in energy gain. Type 2 specialists had the lowest mean energy gain but also the lowest variance. Type 3 specialists had an intermediate mean and variance. All three strategies resulted in very similar probabilities of exceeding a critical rate of energy gain on any given day.</li><li>Correlational selection may help maintain multiple foraging strategies in the population: a fitness surface (using mean rate of energy gain as a proxy for fitness) fit to the first two principal components of foraging behavior suggested that the three foraging strategies occupy separate fitness peaks.</li><li>Food limitation is likely an important ultimate factor restricting population growth in the center of the population’s range in California, although the existence of alternative foraging strategies results in different impacts of food limitation on individuals and thus may obscure expected patterns of density dependence.</li></ol>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Population dynamics and biology of the California sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i>) at the southern end of its range ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior: Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., Estes, J.A., Staedler, M., and Bodkin, J.L., 2006, Foraging ecology, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Population dynamics and biology of the California sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i>) at the southern end of its range , p. 103-129.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.coastalresearchcenter.ucsb.edu/cmi/FinalReports31063.html"}],"publicComments":"OCS Study MMS 2006-007; MMS Cooperative Agreement Number 14-35-0001-31063","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590aec4be4b0fc4e4492abad","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694038,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694039,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralls, Katherine","contributorId":37900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralls","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694040,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Terrie M.","contributorId":191735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Terrie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694041,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":96226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694042,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Costa, Daniel P.","contributorId":141212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costa","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694043,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staedler, Michelle","contributorId":45154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staedler","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030491,"text":"70030491 - 2006 - Modeling decadal timescale interactions between surface water and ground water in the central Everglades, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:36:12","indexId":"70030491","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling decadal timescale interactions between surface water and ground water in the central Everglades, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Surface-water and ground-water flow are coupled in the central Everglades, although the remoteness of this system has hindered many previous attempts to quantify interactions between surface water and ground water. We modeled flow through a 43,000 ha basin in the central Everglades called Water Conservation Area 2A. The purpose of the model was to quantify recharge and discharge in the basin's vast interior areas. The presence and distribution of tritium in ground water was the principal constraint on the modeling, based on measurements in 25 research wells ranging in depth from 2 to 37 m. In addition to average characteristics of surface-water flow, the model parameters included depth of the layer of 'interactive' ground water that is actively exchanged with surface water, average residence time of interactive ground water, and the associated recharge and discharge fluxes across the wetland ground surface. Results indicated that only a relatively thin (8 m) layer of the 60 m deep surfical aquifer actively exchanges surface water and ground water on a decadal timescale. The calculated storage depth of interactive ground water was 3.1 m after adjustment for the porosity of peat and sandy limestone. Modeling of the tritium data yielded an average residence time of 90 years in interactive ground water, with associated recharge and discharge fluxes equal to 0.01 cm d -1. 3H/3He isotopic ratio measurements (which correct for effects of vertical mixing in the aquifer with deeper, tritium-dead water) were available from several wells, and these indicated an average residence time of 25 years, suggesting that residence time was overestimated using tritium measurements alone. Indeed, both residence time and storage depth would be expected to be overestimated due to vertical mixing. The estimate of recharge and discharge (0.01 cm d-1) that resulted from tritium modeling therefore is still considered reliable, because the ratio of residence time and storage depth (used to calculated recharge and discharge) is much less sensitive to vertical mixing compared with residence time alone. We conclude that a small but potentially significant component of flow through the Everglades is recharged to the aquifer and stored there for years to decades before discharged back to surface water. Long-term storage of water and solutes in the ground-water system beneath the wetlands has implications for restoration of Everglades water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.024","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Newlin, J., and Krupa, S., 2006, Modeling decadal timescale interactions between surface water and ground water in the central Everglades, Florida, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 320, no. 3-4, p. 400-420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.024.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"400","endPage":"420","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211899,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.024"}],"volume":"320","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bede4b0c8380cd6f8dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newlin, J.T.","contributorId":90099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newlin","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krupa, S.L.","contributorId":17265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krupa","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028416,"text":"70028416 - 2006 - Seafloor habitat mapping of the New York Bight incorporating sidescan sonar data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028416","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seafloor habitat mapping of the New York Bight incorporating sidescan sonar data","docAbstract":"The efficacy of using sidescan sonar imagery, image classification algorithms and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to characterize the seafloor bottom of the New York Bight were assessed. The resulting seafloor bottom type map was compared with fish trawl survey data to determine whether there were any discernable habitat associations. An unsupervised classification with 20 spectral classes was produced using the sidescan sonar imagery, bathymetry and secondarily derived spatial heterogeneity to characterize homogenous regions within the study area. The spectral classes, geologic interpretations of the study region, bathymetry and a bottom landform index were used to produce a seafloor bottom type map of 9 different bottom types. Examination of sediment sample data by bottom type indicated that each bottom type class had a distinct composition of sediments. Analysis of adult summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, and adult silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis, presence/absence data from trawl surveys did not show evidence of strong associations between the species distributions and seafloor bottom type. However, the absence of strong habitat associations may be more attributable to the coarse scale and geographic uncertainty of the trawl sampling data than conclusive evidence that no habitat associations exist for these two species. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.01.019","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Lathrop, R., Cole, M., Senyk, N., and Butman, B., 2006, Seafloor habitat mapping of the New York Bight incorporating sidescan sonar data: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 68, no. 1, p. 221-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.01.019.","startPage":"221","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.01.019"},{"id":237349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8831e4b08c986b31684d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lathrop, R.G.","contributorId":40002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, M.","contributorId":100784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senyk, N.","contributorId":70176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senyk","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030503,"text":"70030503 - 2006 - Evidence of regional subsidence and associated interior wetland loss induced by hydrocarbon production, Gulf Coast region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030503","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of regional subsidence and associated interior wetland loss induced by hydrocarbon production, Gulf Coast region, USA","docAbstract":"Analysis of remote images, elevation surveys, stratigraphic cross-sections, and hydrocarbon production data demonstrates that extensive areas of wetland loss in the northern Gulf Coast region of the United States were associated with large-volume fluid production from mature petroleum fields. Interior wetland losses at many sites in coastal Louisiana and Texas are attributed largely to accelerated land subsidence and fault reactivation induced by decreased reservoir pressures as a result of rapid or prolonged extraction of gas, oil, and associated brines. Evidence that moderately-deep hydrocarbon production has induced land-surface subsidence and reactivated faults that intersect the surface include: (1) close temporal and spatial correlation of fluid production with surficial changes including rapid subsidence of wetland sediments near producing fields, (2) measurable offsets of shallow strata across the zones of wetland loss, (3) large reductions in subsurface pressures where subsidence rates are high, (4) coincidence of orientation and direction of displacement between surface fault traces and faults that bound the reservoirs, and (5) accelerated subsidence rates near producing fields compared to subsidence rates in surrounding areas or compared to geological rates of subsidence. Based on historical trends, subsidence rates in the Gulf Coast region near producing fields most likely will decrease in the future because most petroleum fields are nearly depleted. Alternatively, continued extraction of conventional energy resources as well as potential production of alternative energy resources (geopressured-geothermal fluids) in the Gulf Coast region could increase subsidence and land losses and also contribute to inundation of areas of higher elevation. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-006-0207-3","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Bernier, J., and Barras, J., 2006, Evidence of regional subsidence and associated interior wetland loss induced by hydrocarbon production, Gulf Coast region, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 261-274, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0207-3.","startPage":"261","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0207-3"},{"id":239487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d6ae4b0c8380cd52fdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernier, J.C.","contributorId":30442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barras, J.A.","contributorId":44260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171293,"text":"70171293 - 2006 - A broadscale fish-habitat model development process: Genesee Basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T11:18:26","indexId":"70171293","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"48","subseriesTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposia","title":"A broadscale fish-habitat model development process: Genesee Basin, New York","docAbstract":"<p>We describe a methodology for developing species-habitat models using available fish and stream habitat data from New York State, focusing on the Genesee basin. Electrofishing data from the New York Department of Environmental Conservation were standardized and used for model development and testing. Four types of predictive models (multiple linear regression, stepwise multiple linear regression, linear discriminant analysis, and neural network) were developed and compared for 11 fish species. Predictive models used as many as 25 habitat variables and explained 35-91% of observed species abundance variability. Omission rates were generally low, but commission rates varied widely. Neural network models performed best for all species, except for rainbow trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>, gizzard shad<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Dorosoma cepedianum</i>, and brown trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo trutta</i>. Linear discriminant functions generally performed poorly. The species-environment models we constructed performed well and have potential applications to management issues.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape influences on stream habitats and biological assemblages","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., McDonald, R.R., Castiglione, C., Morrison, S.S., Kowalski, K., and Passino, D.R., 2006, A broadscale fish-habitat model development process: Genesee Basin, New York, chap. <i>of</i> Landscape influences on stream habitats and biological assemblages, p. 533-554.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"554","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54048xm/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e2ae4b07e28b664db75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr. 0000-0002-1428-7597 jemckenna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7597","contributorId":627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jemckenna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castiglione, Chris","contributorId":150899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castiglione","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrison, Sandy S.","contributorId":169644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Sandy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Passino, Dora R. May","contributorId":23877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R. May","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028409,"text":"70028409 - 2006 - Using self-organizing maps to determine observation threshold limit predictions in highly variant data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028409","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using self-organizing maps to determine observation threshold limit predictions in highly variant data","docAbstract":"A significant data quality challenge for highly variant systems surrounds the limited ability to quantify operationally reasonable limits on the data elements being collected and provide reasonable threshold predictions. In many instances, the number of influences that drive a resulting value or operational range is too large to enable physical sampling for each influencer, or is too complicated to accurately model in an explicit simulation. An alternative method to determine reasonable observation thresholds is to employ an automation algorithm that would emulate a human analyst visually inspecting data for limits. Using the visualization technique of self-organizing maps (SOM) on data having poorly understood relationships, a methodology for determining threshold limits was developed. To illustrate this approach, analysis of environmental influences that drive the abundance of a target indicator species (the pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum) provided a real example of applicability. The relationship between salinity and temperature and abundance of F. duorarum is well documented, but the effect of changes in water quality upstream on pink shrimp abundance is not well understood. The highly variant nature surrounding catch of a specific number of organisms in the wild, and the data available from up-stream hydrology measures for salinity and temperature, made this an ideal candidate for the approach to provide a determination about the influence of changes in hydrology on populations of organisms.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV","conferenceDate":"17 April 2006 through 19 April 2006","conferenceLocation":"Kissimmee, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.667802","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819462918; 9780819462916","usgsCitation":"Paganoni, C., Chang, K., and Robblee, M., 2006, Using self-organizing maps to determine observation threshold limit predictions in highly variant data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6235, Kissimmee, FL, 17 April 2006 through 19 April 2006, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.667802.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.667802"},{"id":237246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6235","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc09be4b08c986b32a208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paganoni, C.A.","contributorId":10984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paganoni","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, K.C.","contributorId":44732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robblee, M. B.","contributorId":23879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robblee","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028335,"text":"70028335 - 2006 - Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T09:50:04","indexId":"70028335","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions","docAbstract":"Ecologists increasingly recognize that birds can respond to features well beyond their normal areas of activity, but little is known about the relative importance of landscapes and proximate factors or about the scales of landscapes that influence bird distributions. We examined the influences of tree cover at both proximate and landscape scales on grassland birds, a group of birds of high conservation concern, in the Sheyenne National Grassland in North Dakota, USA. The Grassland contains a diverse array of grassland and woodland habitats. We surveyed breeding birds on 2015 100 m long transect segments during 2002 and 2003. We modeled the occurrence of 19 species in relation to habitat features (percentages of grassland, woodland, shrubland, and wetland) within each 100-m segment and to tree cover within 200-1600 m of the segment. We used information-theoretic statistical methods to compare models and variables. At the proximate scales, tree cover was the most important variable, having negative influences on 13 species and positive influences on two species. In a comparison of multiple scales, models with only proximate variables were adequate for some species, but models combining proximate with landscape information were best for 17 of 19 species. Landscape-only models were rarely competitive. Combined models at the largest scales (800-1600 m) were best for 12 of 19 species. Seven species had best models including 1600-m landscapes plus proximate factors in at least one year. These were Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor), Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Bobolink (Dolychonix oryzivorus), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). These seven are small-bodied species; thus larger-bodied species do not necessarily respond most to the largest landscapes. Our findings suggest that birds respond to habitat features at a variety of scales. Models with only landscape-scale tree cover were rarely competitive, indicating that broad-scale modeling alone, such as that based solely on remotely sensed data, is likely to be inadequate in explaining species distributions. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, M., and Johnson, D.H., 2006, Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 3, p. 1062-1075.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1062","endPage":"1075","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.8057861328125,\n              46.29761098988109\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0697021484375,\n              46.29761098988109\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0697021484375,\n              46.581518465658014\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.8057861328125,\n              46.581518465658014\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.8057861328125,\n              46.29761098988109\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fb6e4b0c8380cd7f904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, M.A.","contributorId":24552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028403,"text":"70028403 - 2006 - On the interpretation of energy and energy fluxes of nonlinear internal waves: An example from Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:53:04","indexId":"70028403","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2290,"text":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the interpretation of energy and energy fluxes of nonlinear internal waves: An example from Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"A self-consistent formalism to estimate baroclinic energy densities and fluxes resulting from the propagation of internal waves of arbitrary amplitude is derived using the concept of available potential energy. The method can be applied to numerical, laboratory or field data. The total energy flux is shown to be the sum of the linear energy flux ??? u??? p??? dz (primes denote baroclinic quantities), plus contributions from the non-hydrostatic pressure anomaly and the self-advection of kinetic and available potential energy. Using highly resolved observations in Massachusetts Bay, it is shown that due to the presence of nonlinear internal waves periodically propagating in the area, ??? u??? p??? dz accounts for only half of the total flux. The same data show that equipartition of available potential and kinetic energy can be violated, especially when the nonlinear waves begin to interact with the bottom. ?? 2006 Cambridge University Press.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0022112006000991","issn":"00221120","usgsCitation":"Scotti, A., Beardsley, R., and Butman, B., 2006, On the interpretation of energy and energy fluxes of nonlinear internal waves: An example from Massachusetts Bay: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, v. 561, p. 103-112, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112006000991.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1767","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.0211181640625,\n              41.95540515378059\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.1806640625,\n              41.95540515378059\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.1806640625,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.0211181640625,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.0211181640625,\n              41.95540515378059\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"561","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddae4b0c8380cd75362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scotti, A.","contributorId":67270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scotti","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beardsley, R.","contributorId":73400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beardsley","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028293,"text":"70028293 - 2006 - Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028293","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk","docAbstract":"Decades of intensive industrial and agricultural practices as well as rapid urbanization have left communities like Pueblo, Colorado facing potential health threats from pollution of its soils, air, water and food supply. To address such concerns about environmental contamination, we conducted an urban geochemical study of the city of Pueblo to offer insights into the potential chemical hazards in soil and inform priorities for future health studies and population interventions aimed at reducing exposures to inorganic substances. The current study characterizes the environmental landscape of Pueblo in terms of heavy metals, and relates this to population distributions. Soil was sampled within the city along transects and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). We also profiled Pueblo's communities in terms of their socioeconomic status and demographics. ArcGIS 9.0 was used to perform exploratory spatial data analysis and generate community profiles and prediction maps. The topsoil in Pueblo contains more As, Cd, Hg and Pb than national soil averages, although average Hg content in Pueblo was within reported baseline ranges. The highest levels of As concentrations ranged between 56.6 and 66.5 ppm. Lead concentrations exceeded 300 ppm in several of Pueblo's residential communities. Elevated levels of lead are concentrated in low-income Hispanic and African-American communities. Areas of excessively high Cd concentration exist around Pueblo, including low income and minority communities, raising additional health and environmental justice concerns. Although the distribution patterns vary by element and may reflect both industrial and non-industrial sources, the study confirms that there is environmental contamination around Pueblo and underscores the need for a comprehensive public health approach to address environmental threats in urban communities. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Diawara, D., Litt, J., Unis, D., Alfonso, N., Martinez, L., Crock, J., Smith, D.B., and Carsella, J., 2006, Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 28, no. 4, p. 297-315, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6.","startPage":"297","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6"},{"id":237062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed98e4b0c8380cd498d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diawara, D.M.","contributorId":64439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diawara","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litt, J.S.","contributorId":46296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litt","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unis, D.","contributorId":23329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alfonso, N.","contributorId":77350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alfonso","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinez, L.A.","contributorId":38764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carsella, J.","contributorId":68529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carsella","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028629,"text":"70028629 - 2006 - Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:47:56","indexId":"70028629","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N<sub>2</sub>:Ar and <sup>15</sup>N-tracer methods in intact cores","title":"Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Rates of benthic denitrification were measured using two techniques, membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), applied to sediment cores from two NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>‐rich streams draining agricultural land in the upper Mississippi River Basin. Denitrification was estimated simultaneously from measurements of N<sub>2</sub>:Ar (MIMS) and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N[N<sub>2</sub>] (IRMS) after the addition of low‐level<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>tracer (<sup>15</sup>N:N = 0.03–0.08) in stream water overlying intact sediment cores. Denitrification rates ranged from about 0 to 4400 μmol N·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in Sugar Creek and from 0 to 1300 μmol N·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in Iroquois River, the latter of which possesses greater streamflow discharge and a more homogeneous streambed and water column. Within the uncertainties of the two techniques, there is good agreement between the MIMS and IRMS results, which indicates that the production of N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>by the coupled process of nitrification/denitrification was relatively unimportant and surface‐water NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was the dominant source of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for benthic denitrification in these streams. Variation in stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration (from about 20 μmol/L during low discharge to 1000 μmol/L during high discharge) was a significant control of benthic denitrification rates, judging from the more abundant MIMS data. The interpretation that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration directly affects denitrification rate was corroborated by increased rates of denitrification in cores amended with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. Denitrification in Sugar Creek removed ≤11% per day of the in‐stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in late spring and removed roughly 15–20% in late summer. The fraction of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>removed in Iroquois River was less than that of Sugar Creek. Although benthic denitrification rates were relatively high during periods of high stream flow, when NO<sub>3</sub>concentrations were also high, the increase in benthic denitrification could not compensate for the much larger increase in stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>fluxes during high flow. Consequently, fractional NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>losses were relatively low during high flow.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Smith, L.K., Voytek, M., Böhlke, J., and Harvey, J., 2006, Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2191-2207, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2191","endPage":"2207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2191:DINSAO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe99e4b0c8380cd4ee08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Lesley K.","contributorId":82657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lesley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171292,"text":"70171292 - 2006 - Modeling brook trout presence and absence from landscape variables using four different analytical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T11:19:04","indexId":"70171292","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"48","subseriesTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposia","title":"Modeling brook trout presence and absence from landscape variables using four different analytical methods","docAbstract":"<p>As a part of the Great Lakes Regional Aquatic Gap Analysis Project, we evaluated methodologies for modeling associations between fish species and habitat characteristics at a landscape scale. To do this, we created brook trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>presence and absence models based on four different techniques: multiple linear regression, logistic regression, neural networks, and classification trees. The models were tested in two ways: by application to an independent validation database and cross-validation using the training data, and by visual comparison of statewide distribution maps with historically recorded occurrences from the Michigan Fish Atlas. Although differences in the accuracy of our models were slight, the logistic regression model predicted with the least error, followed by multiple regression, then classification trees, then the neural networks. These models will provide natural resource managers a way to identify habitats requiring protection for the conservation of fish species.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape influences on stream habitats and biological assemblages","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Steen, P.J., Passino-Reader, D.R., and Wiley, M., 2006, Modeling brook trout presence and absence from landscape variables using four different analytical methods, chap. <i>of</i> Landscape influences on stream habitats and biological assemblages, p. 513-531.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"531","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321743,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54048xm/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e38e4b07e28b664dbdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steen, Paul J.","contributorId":12342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiley, Michael J.","contributorId":30112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028304,"text":"70028304 - 2006 - A review of isotopic composition as an indicator of the natural and anthropogenic behavior of mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028304","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of isotopic composition as an indicator of the natural and anthropogenic behavior of mercury","docAbstract":"There are seven stable isotopes of Hg that can be fractionated as a result of inorganic and organic interactions. Important inorganic reactions involve speciation changes resulting from variations in environmental redox conditions, and phase changes resulting from variations in temperature and/or atmospheric pressure. Important organic reactions include methylation and demethylation, reactions that are bacterially mediated, and complexing with organic anions in soils. The measurement of Hg isotopes by multi-collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is now sufficiently precise and sensitive that it is potentially possible to develop the systematics of Hg isotopic fractionation. This provides an opportunity to evaluate the utility of Hg isotopes in identifying source processes, transport mechanisms, and sinks. New values are provided for, 201Hg/198Hg, 200Hg/198Hg, 199Hg/198Hg for three standard materials (IRMM-AE639, SRM 1641c, SRM 3133) that can be used to make inter-laboratory data comparisons, and these values are tabulated with published isotopic information. Overall, the isotopic data for these standards agree to approximately 0.2???. The paper reviews Hg isotope studies that deal with hydrothermal ore deposits, sediments, coal and organic complexing. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.006","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Ridley, W., and Stetson, S., 2006, A review of isotopic composition as an indicator of the natural and anthropogenic behavior of mercury: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1889-1899, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.006.","startPage":"1889","endPage":"1899","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210346,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.006"},{"id":237239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e551e4b0c8380cd46ca7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetson, S.J.","contributorId":6650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetson","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030497,"text":"70030497 - 2006 - Improving data analysis in herpetology: Using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to assess the strength of biological hypotheses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T20:23:12","indexId":"70030497","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":751,"text":"Amphibia-Reptilia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving data analysis in herpetology: Using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to assess the strength of biological hypotheses","docAbstract":"In ecology, researchers frequently use observational studies to explain a given pattern, such as the number of individuals in a habitat patch, with a large number of explanatory (i.e., independent) variables. To elucidate such relationships, ecologists have long relied on hypothesis testing to include or exclude variables in regression models, although the conclusions often depend on the approach used (e.g., forward, backward, stepwise selection). Though better tools have surfaced in the mid 1970's, they are still underutilized in certain fields, particularly in herpetology. This is the case of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) which is remarkably superior in model selection (i.e., variable selection) than hypothesis-based approaches. It is simple to compute and easy to understand, but more importantly, for a given data set, it provides a measure of the strength of evidence for each model that represents a plausible biological hypothesis relative to the entire set of models considered. Using this approach, one can then compute a weighted average of the estimate and standard error for any given variable of interest across all the models considered. This procedure, termed model-averaging or multimodel inference, yields precise and robust estimates. In this paper, I illustrate the use of the AIC in model selection and inference, as well as the interpretation of results analysed in this framework with two real herpetological data sets. The AIC and measures derived from it is should be routinely adopted by herpetologists. ?? Koninklijke Brill NV 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibia-Reptilia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1163/156853806777239922","issn":"01735373","usgsCitation":"Mazerolle, M., 2006, Improving data analysis in herpetology: Using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to assess the strength of biological hypotheses: Amphibia-Reptilia, v. 27, no. 2, p. 169-180, https://doi.org/10.1163/156853806777239922.","startPage":"169","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211983,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853806777239922"},{"id":239380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3972e4b0c8380cd61915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazerolle, M. J. 0000-0002-0486-0310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-0310","contributorId":12957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazerolle","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70196019,"text":"70196019 - 2006 - Gas hydrate potential of the mid Atlantic outer continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:22:10","indexId":"70196019","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1641,"text":"Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrate potential of the mid Atlantic outer continental shelf","docAbstract":"<p>For the last two years, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) has been studying the resource potential of gas hydrates in federal offshore lands of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) off the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific, and Alaska in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Naval Research Lab (NRL) and academia. Utilizing its extensive seismic, well, and geochemical databases, the MMS will be reporting the in-place resource numbers within the next few months. Though the methodology of the study was not prospect oriented, discrete prospects have been recognized.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Shedd, W.W., and Hutchinson, D.R., 2006, Gas hydrate potential of the mid Atlantic outer continental shelf: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 6, no. 3, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"},{"id":352469,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/methane%20hydrates/HMNewsFall06.pdf#page=8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff01fae4b0da30c1bfcc3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedd, William W.","contributorId":31310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028682,"text":"70028682 - 2006 - Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028682","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"Soft mast is an important resource for many wild populations in the Southern Appalachians, yet the way clear-cutting affects availability of soft mast though time is not fully understood. We tested a theoretical model of temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts using empirical data on percent cover and berry production of Gaylussacia, Vaccinium, and Rubus spp. plants in 100 stands that were clearcut (0-122 years old) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. We modeled the relationship between soft mast availability and stand age, evaluated the effects of topography and forest type on soft mast, developed statistical models for predicting the spatio-temporal distribution of soft mast, and tested the hypothesis that percent cover of berry plants and berry production provided similar information about soft mast availability. We found temporal dynamics explained berry production better than it predicted percent plant cover, whereas topographic variables influenced percent plant cover more than they influenced berry production. Berry production and percent plant cover were highest in ???2-9-year-old stands. Percent plant cover was lowest in 10-69-year-old stands and intermediate in 70+-year-old stands. Three of our spatio-temporal models performed well during model testing and they were not biased by the training data, indicating the inferences about spatio-temporal availability of soft mast extended beyond our sample data. The methods we used to estimate the distribution of soft mast may be useful for modeling distributions of other resources. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Reynolds-Hogland, M.J., Mitchell, M., and Powell, R.A., 2006, Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 237, no. 1-3, p. 103-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035.","startPage":"103","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209949,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035"},{"id":236715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c7e4b08c986b31ac43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds-Hogland, M. J.","contributorId":57647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds-Hogland","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, R. A.","contributorId":41789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028269,"text":"70028269 - 2006 - Classification of leafy spurge with earth observing-1 advanced land imager","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028269","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of leafy spurge with earth observing-1 advanced land imager","docAbstract":"Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an invasive exotic plant that can completely displace native plant communities. Automated techniques for monitoring the location and extent of leafy spurge, especially if available on a seasonal basis, could add greatly to the effectiveness of control measures. As part of a larger study including multiple sensors, this study examines the utility of mapping the location and extent of leafy spurge in Theodore Roosevelt National Park using Earth Observing-1 satellite Advanced Land Imager (ALI) scanner data. An unsupervised classification methodology was used producing accuracies in the range of 59% to 66%. Existing field studies, with their associated limitations, were used for identifying class membership and accuracy assessment. This sensor could be useful for broad landscape scale mapping of leafy spurge, from which control measures could be based.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2111/06-052R1.1","issn":"15507424","usgsCitation":"Stitt, S., Root, R., Brown, K., Hager, S., Mladinich, C., Anderson, G., Dudek, K., Bustos, M., and Kokaly, R., 2006, Classification of leafy spurge with earth observing-1 advanced land imager: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 59, no. 5, p. 507-511, https://doi.org/10.2111/06-052R1.1.","startPage":"507","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477472,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643101","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210344,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/06-052R1.1"},{"id":237237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f61ae4b0c8380cd4c5c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stitt, S.","contributorId":21746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, R.","contributorId":24433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, K.","contributorId":49166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hager, S.","contributorId":24980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mladinich, C.","contributorId":9449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladinich","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, G.L.","contributorId":56430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dudek, K.","contributorId":10216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudek","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bustos, M.R.","contributorId":6646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bustos","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kokaly, R. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":31563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028728,"text":"70028728 - 2006 - Titan: Preliminary results on surface properties and photometry from VIMS observations of the early flybys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028728","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Titan: Preliminary results on surface properties and photometry from VIMS observations of the early flybys","docAbstract":"Cassini observations of the surface of Titan offer unprecedented views of its surface through atmospheric windows in the 1-5 ??m region. Images obtained in windows for which the haze opacity is low can be used to derive quantitative photometric parameters such as albedo and albedo distribution, and physical properties such as roughness and particle characteristics. Images from the early Titan flybys, particularly T0, Ta, and T5 have been analyzed to create albedo maps in the 2.01 and 2.73 ??m windows. We find the average normal reflectance at these two wavelengths to be 0.15??0.02 and 0.035??0.003, respectively. Titan's surface is bifurcated into two albedo regimes, particularly at 2.01 ??m. Analysis of these two regimes to understand the physical character of the surface was accomplished with a macroscopic roughness model. We find that the two types of surface have substantially different roughness, with the low-albedo surface exhibiting mean slope angles of ???18??, and the high-albedo terrain having a much more substantial roughness with a mean slope angle of ???34??. A single-scattering phase function approximated by a one-term Henyey-Greenstein equation was also fit to each unit. Titan's surface is back-scattering (g???0.3-0.4), and does not exhibit substantially different backscattering behavior between the two terrains. Our results suggest that two distinct geophysical domains exist on Titan: a bright region cut by deep drainage channels and a relatively smooth surface. The two terrains are covered by a film or a coating of particles perhaps precipitated from the satellite's haze layer and transported by eolian processes. Our results are preliminary: more accurate values for the surface albedo and physical parameters will be derived as more data is gathered by the Cassini spacecraft and as a more complete radiative transfer model is developed from both Cassini orbiter and Huygens Lander measurements. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.015","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Buratti, B.J., Sotin, C., Brown, R.H., Hicks, M., Clark, R.N., Mosher, J.A., McCord, T.B., Jaumann, R., Baines, K.H., Nicholson, P.D., Momary, T., Simonelli, D., and Sicardy, B., 2006, Titan: Preliminary results on surface properties and photometry from VIMS observations of the early flybys: Planetary and Space Science, v. 54, no. 15, p. 1498-1509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.015.","startPage":"1498","endPage":"1509","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.015"},{"id":236261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb41fe4b08c986b3261c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hicks, M.D.","contributorId":7045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mosher, J. A.","contributorId":34605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Momary, T.","contributorId":17415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Simonelli, D.P.","contributorId":42373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonelli","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70028924,"text":"70028924 - 2006 - Seismomagnetic effects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 parkfield earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028924","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismomagnetic effects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 parkfield earthquake","docAbstract":"Precise measurements of local magnetic fields have been obtained with a differentially connected array of seven synchronized proton magnetometers located along 60 km of the locked-to-creeping transition region of the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, since 1976. The M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake on 28 September 2004, occurred within this array and generated coseismic magnetic field changes of between 0.2 and 0.5 nT at five sites in the network. No preseismic magnetic field changes exceeding background noise levels are apparent in the magnetic data during the month, week, and days before the earthquake (or expected in light of the absence of measurable precursive deformation, seismicity, or pore pressure changes). Observations of electric and magnetic fields from 0.01 to 20 Hz are also made at one site near the end of the earthquake rupture and corrected for common-mode signals from the ionosphere/magnetosphere using a second site some 115 km to the northwest along the fault. These magnetic data show no indications of unusual noise before the earthquake in the ULF band (0.01-20 Hz) as suggested may have preceded the 1989 ML 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. Nor do we see electric field changes similar to those suggested to occur before earthquakes of this magnitude from data in Greece. Uniform and variable slip piezomagnetic models of the earthquake, derived from strain, displacement, and seismic data, generate magnetic field perturbations that are consistent with those observed by the magnetometer array. A higher rate of longer-term magnetic field change, consistent with increased loading in the region, is apparent since 1993. This accompanied an increased rate of secular shear strain observed on a two-color EDM network and a small network of borehole tensor strainmeters and increased seismicity dominated by three M 4.5-5 earthquakes roughly a year apart in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Models incorporating all of these data indicate increased slip at depth in the region, and this may have played a role in the final occurrence of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The absence of electric and magnetic field precursors for this, and other earthquakes with M 5-7.3 elsewhere in the San Andreas fault system, indicates useful prediction of damaging earthquakes seems unlikely using these electromagnetic data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050810","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Sasai, Y., Egbert, G., and Mueller, R., 2006, Seismomagnetic effects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 parkfield earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050810.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050810"},{"id":236520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bd2e4b08c986b317ae5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasai, Y.","contributorId":50340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Egbert, G.D.","contributorId":69347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egbert","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, R.J.","contributorId":77135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028740,"text":"70028740 - 2006 - Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028740","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change","docAbstract":"Soil microbial communities mediate critical ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles. How microbial communities will respond to changes in vegetation and climate, however, are not well understood. We reciprocally transplanted soil cores from under oak canopies and adjacent open grasslands in a California oak-grassland ecosystem to determine how microbial communities respond to changes in the soil environment and the potential consequences for the cycling of carbon. Every 3 months for up to 2 years, we monitored microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), microbial biomass, respiration rates, microbial enzyme activities, and the activity of microbial groups by quantifying 13C uptake from a universal substrate (pyruvate) into PLFA biomarkers. Soil in the open grassland experienced higher maximum temperatures and lower soil water content than soil under the oak canopies. Soil microbial communities in soil under oak canopies were more sensitive to environmental change than those in adjacent soil from the open grassland. Oak canopy soil communities changed rapidly when cores were transplanted into the open grassland soil environment, but grassland soil communities did not change when transplanted into the oak canopy environment. Similarly, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and microbial respiration decreased when microbial communities were transplanted from the oak canopy soils to the grassland environment, but not when the grassland communities were transplanted to the oak canopy environment. These data support the hypothesis that microbial community composition and function is altered when microbes are exposed to new extremes in environmental conditions; that is, environmental conditions outside of their \"life history\" envelopes. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., and Firestone, M., 2006, Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change: Microbial Ecology, v. 52, no. 4, p. 716-724, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3.","startPage":"716","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209740,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3"},{"id":236437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa57e4b0c8380cd8629f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firestone, M.K.","contributorId":10593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028071,"text":"70028071 - 2006 - Relevance of cryptic fishes in biodiversity assessments: A case study at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028071","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relevance of cryptic fishes in biodiversity assessments: A case study at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix","docAbstract":"Because cryptic fishes are difficult to accurately survey, they are undersampled components of coral reef habitats, and their ecological roles have been generally ignored. Fifty-eight enclosed stations were sampled in shoreline, nearshore reef, lagoon, backreef, forereef, and bank/shelf habitats with an ichthyocide (rotenone) at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Our samples included 55 families and 228 species, 60 previously unreported from St. Croix. Fish assemblages varied across habitat zones with the shoreline assemblage the most distinct. Only 8% of the species were present in all habitats. Multi-dimensional scaling plots of habitat characteristics and Bray-Curtis similarities of fish assemblages revealed similar patterns. Dominant and rare taxa are enumerated for each habitat sampled. Rotenone and visual census data are compared. While visual surveys accumulated more species per unit of effort, rotenone samples accumulated more species by area. Only 36% of the 228 species sampled with rotenone were visually detected, while 70% of the 115 species visually detected were also collected with rotenone. The use of rotenone is controversial but important for obtaining reasonably complete inventories of reef fishes. Misconceptions about rotenone and the advantages and limitations of alternative biodiversity assessment methods are discussed. ?? 2006 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Smith-Vaniz, W., Jelks, H., and Rocha, L., 2006, Relevance of cryptic fishes in biodiversity assessments: A case study at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 79, no. 1, p. 17-48.","startPage":"17","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6b5e4b0c8380cd84fdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith-Vaniz, W. F.","contributorId":20684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith-Vaniz","given":"W. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jelks, H.L. 0000-0002-0672-6297","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":12000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rocha, L.A.","contributorId":52780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocha","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028918,"text":"70028918 - 2006 - Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T07:38:50","indexId":"70028918","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Although surface water quality and its underlying processes vary over time scales ranging from seconds to decades, they have historically been studied at the lower (weekly to interannual) frequencies. The aim of this study was to investigate intradaily variability of three water quality parameters in a small freshwater tidal lagoon (Mildred Island, California). High frequency time series of specific conductivity, water temperature, and chlorophyll<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>at two locations within the habitat were analyzed in conjunction with supporting hydrodynamic, meteorological, biological, and spatial mapping data. All three constituents exhibited large amplitude intradaily (e.g., semidiurnal tidal and diurnal) oscillations, and periodicity varied across constituents, space, and time. Like other tidal embayments, this habitat is influenced by several processes with distinct periodicities including physical controls, such as tides, solar radiation, and wind, and biological controls, such as photosynthesis, growth, and grazing. A scaling approach was developed to estimate individual process contributions to the observed variability. Scaling results were generally consistent with observations and together with detailed examination of time series and time derivatives, revealed specific mechanisms underlying the observed periodicities, including interactions between the tidal variability, heating, wind, and biology. The implications for monitoring were illustrated through subsampling of the data set. This exercise demonstrated how quantities needed by scientists and managers (e.g., mean or extreme concentrations) may be misrepresented by low frequency data and how short-duration high frequency measurements can aid in the design and interpretation of temporally coarser sampling programs. The dispersive export of chlorophyll<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from the habitat exhibited a fortnightly variability corresponding to the modulation of semidiurnal tidal currents with the diurnal cycle of phytoplankton variability, demonstrating how high frequency interactions can govern long-term trends. Process identification, as through the scaling analysis here, can help us anticipate changes in system behavior and adapt our own interactions with the system.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02786523","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Sereno, D., Burau, J., Schraga, T., Lopez, C., Stacey, M., Parchevsky, K., and Parchevsky, V., 2006, Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 5, p. 711-730, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02786523.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"730","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02786523","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dc2e4b0c8380cd63808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sereno, D.M.","contributorId":33509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sereno","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schraga, T.S.","contributorId":107480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schraga","given":"T.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopez, C.B.","contributorId":67700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stacey, M.T.","contributorId":82874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parchevsky, K.V.","contributorId":97304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchevsky","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parchevsky, V.P.","contributorId":9835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchevsky","given":"V.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028308,"text":"70028308 - 2006 - Developing a map of geologically defined site-condition categories for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028308","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a map of geologically defined site-condition categories for California","docAbstract":"Consideration of site conditions is a vital step in analyzing and predicting earthquake ground motion. The importance of amplification by soil conditions has long been recognized, but though many seismic-instrument sites have been characterized by their geologic conditions, there has been no consistent, simple classification applied to all sites. As classification of sites by shear-wave velocity has become more common, the need to go back and provide a simple uniform classification for all stations has become apparent. Within the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Next Generation Attenuation equation project, developers of attenuation equations recognized the need to consider site conditions and asked that the California Geological Survey provide site conditions information for all stations that have recorded earthquake ground motion in California. To provide these estimates, we sorted the available shear-wave velocity data by geologic unit, generalized the geologic units, and prepared a map so that we could use the extent of the map units to transfer the velocity characteristics from the sites where they were measured to sites on the same or similar materials. This new map is different from the California Geological Survey \"preliminary site-conditions map of California\" in that 19 geologically defined categories are used, rather than National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program categories. Although this map does not yet cover all of California, when completed it may provide a basis for more precise consideration of site conditions in ground-motion calculations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050179","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wills, C., and Clahan, K., 2006, Developing a map of geologically defined site-condition categories for California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 A, p. 1483-1501, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050179.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1501","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210403,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050179"},{"id":237308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000ae4b0c8380cd4f55d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wills, C.J.","contributorId":91275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clahan, K.B.","contributorId":24159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clahan","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}