Previous (1992–1994) surveys for native freshwater mussels (Unionidae) along main channels of the Detroit River showed that unionids had been extirpated from all but four sites in the upper reaches of the river due to impacts of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis). These four sites were surveyed again in 1998 using the same sampling method (timed-random searches) to determine if they may serve as “refugia” where unionids and dreissenids co-exist. Two additional sites were sampled using additional methods (excavated-quadrat and line-transect searches) for comparison with unpublished data collected in 1987 and 1990. A total of four individuals of four species (Actinonaias ligamentina, Cyclonaias tuberculata, Lasmigona complanata and Pleurobema sintoxia) were found by timed-random searches at four sites in 1998 compared to 720 individuals of 24 species in 1992 and 39 individuals of 13 species in 1994. Excavated-quadrat and line-transect searches at the two additional sites yielded only one live specimen of Ptychobranchus fasciolaris compared to 288 individuals of 18 species in 1987 and 1990. Results of this study suggest that remaining densities of unionids in channels of the Detroit River are too low to support viable reproducing populations of any species. Therefore, we conclude that unionids have been extirpated from main channels of the Detroit River due to dreissenid infestation. As the Detroit River was one of the first water bodies in North America to be invaded by dreissenids, it is likely that unionids will also be extirpated from many other rivers and lakes across eastern North America over the next few decades. Resource agencies should be encouraged to implement active management programs to protect remaining unionid populations from zebra mussels.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[307:EOFMBU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Metcalfe-Smith, J.L., Kovalak, W.P., Longton, G.D., and Smithee, R.D., 2006, Extirpation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) following the invasion of dreissenid mussels in an interconnecting river of the Laurentian Great Lakes: American Midland Naturalist, v. 155, no. 2, p. 307-320, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[307:EOFMBU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"320","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.93917557144205,\n 42.36486265488605\n ],\n [\n -83.02386372199643,\n 42.36486265488605\n ],\n [\n -83.02386372199643,\n 42.321294249119575\n ],\n [\n -82.93917557144205,\n 42.321294249119575\n ],\n [\n -82.93917557144205,\n 42.36486265488605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"155","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metcalfe-Smith, Janice L.","contributorId":82267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe-Smith","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kovalak, William P.","contributorId":77479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovalak","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Longton, Gary D.","contributorId":17199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longton","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smithee, Rick D.","contributorId":100807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smithee","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030674,"text":"70030674 - 2006 - Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030674","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1013,"text":"Bioinspiration and Biomimetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins","docAbstract":"The development of a unique dolphin biomimetic sonar produced data that were used to study signal processing methods for object identification. Echoes from four metallic objects proud on the bottom, and a substrate-only condition, were generated by bottlenose dolphins trained to ensonify the targets in very shallow water. Using the two-element ('binaural') receive array, object echo spectra were collected and submitted for identification to four neural network architectures. Identification accuracy was evaluated over two receive array configurations, and five signal processing schemes. The four neural networks included backpropagation, learning vector quantization, genetic learning and probabilistic network architectures. The processing schemes included four methods that capitalized on the binaural data, plus a monaural benchmark process. All the schemes resulted in above-chance identification accuracy when applied to learning vector quantization and backpropagation. Beam-forming or concatenation of spectra from both receive elements outperformed the monaural benchmark, with higher sensitivity and lower bias. Ultimately, best object identification performance was achieved by the learning vector quantization network supplied with beam-formed data. The advantages of multi-element signal processing for object identification are clearly demonstrated in this development of a first-ever dolphin biomimetic sonar. ?? 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bioinspiration and Biomimetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002","issn":"17483182","usgsCitation":"Heiweg, D., Moore, P., Martin, S., and Dankiewicz, L., 2006, Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins: Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, v. 1, no. 2, p. 41-51, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002.","startPage":"41","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc022e4b08c986b329f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heiweg, D.A.","contributorId":73818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heiweg","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, P.W.","contributorId":98111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, S.W.","contributorId":65283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dankiewicz, L.A.","contributorId":49599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dankiewicz","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030925,"text":"70030925 - 2006 - Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations in Pennsylvania streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030925","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations in Pennsylvania streams","docAbstract":"Landscapes influence the capacity of streams to produce trout through their effect on water chemistry and other factors at the reach scale. Trout abundance also fluctuates over time; thus, to thoroughly understand how spatial factors at landscape scales affect trout populations, one must assess the changes in populations over time to provide a context for interpreting the importance of spatial factors. We used data from the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission's fisheries management database to investigate spatial factors that affect the capacity of streams to support brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and to provide models useful for their management. We assessed the relative importance of spatial and temporal variation by calculating variance components and comparing relative standard errors for spatial and temporal variation. We used binary logistic regression to predict the presence of harvestable-length brook trout and multiple linear regression to assess the mechanistic links between landscapes and trout populations and to predict population density. The variance in trout density among streams was equal to or greater than the temporal variation for several streams, indicating that differences among sites affect population density. Logistic regression models correctly predicted the absence of harvestable-length brook trout in 60% of validation samples. The r 2-value for the linear regression model predicting density was 0.3, indicating low predictive ability. Both logistic and linear regression models supported buffering capacity against acid episodes as an important mechanistic link between landscapes and trout populations. Although our models fail to predict trout densities precisely, their success at elucidating the mechanistic links between landscapes and trout populations, in concert with the importance of spatial variation, increases our understanding of factors affecting brook trout abundance and will help managers and private groups to protect and enhance populations of wild brook trout. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-175.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Kocovsky, P., and Carline, R., 2006, Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations in Pennsylvania streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 1, p. 76-88, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-175.1.","startPage":"76","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211328,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-175.1"},{"id":238599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b4ae4b0c8380cd623d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocovsky, P.M.","contributorId":78447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carline, R.F.","contributorId":107444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carline","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030602,"text":"70030602 - 2006 - Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030602","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century","docAbstract":"Foraminiferal and radionuclide data have been used to investigate environmental change that has occurred within Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the last century. Environmental conditions were evaluated for three time slices; (1) the modern environment as determined by surficial (0-1 cm) sediments, (2) short-core intervals representing approximately 40 years BP, as determined by 137Cs activity, and (3) short-core intervals representing approximately 120 years BP, as determined by 210Pb activity. Cluster analysis distinguished four foraminiferal assemblages at the surface (0-1 cm): (1) Marsh Biofacies, (2) Estuarine Biofacies A, (3) Estuarine Biofacies B, and (4) Marine Biofacies. The Marsh Biofacies is characterized by typical marsh foraminifera such as Tiphotrocha comprimata, Trochammina inflata, Miliammina fusca and Haplophragmoides wilberti. Estuarine Biofacies A is distinguished from Estuarine Biofacies B by the greater relative abundance of the agglutinated species Ammotium salsum and Ammobaculites crassus in the former and the greater relative abundance of Elphidium excavatum in the latter. The Marine Biofacies is comprised completely of calcareous foraminifera (e.g., Elphidium excavatum, Hanzawaia strattoni, Cibicides lobatulus, Elphidium subarcticum, Quinqueloculina seminula and Elphidium galvestonense) and is restricted to tidal inlets. Down-core foraminiferal data indicate that approximately 120 years BP, Pamlico Sound was dominated by Estuarine Biofacies A, which is indicative of brackish conditions. Upcore in the 40 years BP and modern time slices, Estuarine Biofacies B is the more prominent assemblage within Pamlico Sound; this is indicative of increased salinity over time. Lowered salinity conditions 120 years BP may be the result of high hurricane activity over a several year period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/36.2.135","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Abbene, I., Culver, S., Corbett, D., Buzas, M., and Tully, L., 2006, Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.2113/36.2.135.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477645,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.579.1399","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/36.2.135"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02d1e4b0c8380cd501f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbene, I.J.","contributorId":44349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbene","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culver, S.J.","contributorId":53970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corbett, D.R.","contributorId":73791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buzas, M.A.","contributorId":58018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buzas","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tully, L.S.","contributorId":107494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tully","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1001051,"text":"1001051 - 2006 - Trends of chlorinated organic contaminants in Great Lakes trout and walleye from 1970-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1001051","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends of chlorinated organic contaminants in Great Lakes trout and walleye from 1970-1998","docAbstract":"Levels of chlorinated organic contaminants in predator fish have been monitored annually in each of the Great Lakes since the 1970s. This article updates earlier reports with data from 1991 to 1998 for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and (Lake Erie only) walleye (Sander vitreus) to provide a record that now extends nearly 30 years. Whole fish were analyzed for a number of industrial contaminants and pesticides, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, toxaphene, and mirex, and contaminant trends were quantified using multicompartment models. As in the past, fish from Lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Huron have the highest levels of PCBs, DDT, and dieldrin; Superior has the highest levels of toxaphene; and Ontario has the highest levels of mirex. In the period after curtailment of chemical use, concentrations rapidly decreased, represented by relatively short half-lives from approximately 1 to 9 years. Although trends depend on both the contaminant and the lake, in many cases the rate of decline has been decreasing, and concentrations are gradually approaching an irreducible concentration. For dioxin-like PCBs, levels have not been decreasing during the most recent 5-year period (1994 to 1998). In some cases, the year-to-year variation in contaminant levels is large, mainly because of food-web dynamics. Although this variation sometimes obscures long-term trends, the general pattern of a rapid decrease followed by slowing or leveling-off of the downward trend seems consistent across the Great Lakes, and future improvements of the magnitude seen in the 1970s and early 1980s likely will take much longer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J., Batterman, S., and Chernyak, S., 2006, Trends of chlorinated organic contaminants in Great Lakes trout and walleye from 1970-1998: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 97-110.","productDescription":"p. 97-110","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624dab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, J.P.","contributorId":31720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batterman, S.A.","contributorId":53348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batterman","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chernyak, S.M.","contributorId":21509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030710,"text":"70030710 - 2006 - High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T13:46:40","indexId":"70030710","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The coastal zone of southeastern Louisiana is the product of numerous cycles of progradation, abandonment, and marine transgression of the Mississippi River delta. Currently, the shoreline in the Barataria Bight is undergoing significant erosion and retreat, and understanding its evolution is crucial in stabilization efforts. This study uses an extensive collection of geophysical and sediment core data from Barataria Bay and offshore to develop a geologic model of the shallow (< 10 m) subsurface. The purpose of the model is twofold: (1) establish the stratigraphic architecture of a subdelta lobe of the Bayou des Families delta, deposited by the Mississippi River approximately 4000 years before present; and (2) provide a high-resolution description of the geologic framework in a context that can be applied to coastal management issues in similar fluvially dominated coastal environments worldwide. The results of the study demonstrate how high-quality geologic data from the coastal environment can be used not only to further our understanding of shoreline evolution but also to provide pertinent information for coastal management needs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2006.030","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Ferina, N., Dreher, C., Kindinger, J., FitzGerald, D.M., and Kulp, M., 2006, High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 429-443, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2006.030.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2006.030"},{"id":239429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3137e4b0c8380cd5dd28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, J. G.","contributorId":92309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferina, N.F.","contributorId":63140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferina","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dreher, C.","contributorId":36186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kindinger, J. L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kulp, M.A.","contributorId":61138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028920,"text":"70028920 - 2006 - Fabricating data: How substituting values for nondetects can ruin results, and what can be done about it","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028920","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fabricating data: How substituting values for nondetects can ruin results, and what can be done about it","docAbstract":"The most commonly used method in environmental chemistry to deal with values below detection limits is to substitute a fraction of the detection limit for each nondetect. Two decades of research has shown that this fabrication of values produces poor estimates of statistics, and commonly obscures patterns and trends in the data. Papers using substitution may conclude that significant differences, correlations, and regression relationships do not exist, when in fact they do. The reverse may also be true. Fortunately, good alternative methods for dealing with nondetects already exist, and are summarized here with references to original sources. Substituting values for nondetects should be used rarely, and should generally be considered unacceptable in scientific research. There are better ways.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.051","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., 2006, Fabricating data: How substituting values for nondetects can ruin results, and what can be done about it: Chemosphere, v. 65, no. 11, p. 2434-2439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.051.","startPage":"2434","endPage":"2439","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209748,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.051"},{"id":236450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e88e4b0c8380cd534e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":420563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028560,"text":"70028560 - 2006 - Health benefits of geologic materials and geologic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-15T14:11:52.273309","indexId":"70028560","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2041,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health benefits of geologic materials and geologic processes","docAbstract":"The reemerging field of Medical Geology is concerned with the impacts of geologic materials and geologic processes on animal and human health. Most medical geology research has been focused on health problems caused by excess or deficiency of trace elements, exposure to ambient dust, and on other geologically related health problems or health problems for which geoscience tools, techniques, or databases could be applied. Little, if any, attention has been focused on the beneficial health effects of rocks, minerals, and geologic processes. These beneficial effects may have been recognized as long as two million years ago and include emotional, mental, and physical health benefits. Some of the earliest known medicines were derived from rocks and minerals. For thousands of years various clays have been used as an antidote for poisons. “Terra sigillata,” still in use today, may have been the first patented medicine. Many trace elements, rocks, and minerals are used today in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals and health care products. There is also a segment of society that believes in the curative and preventative properties of crystals (talismans and amulets). Metals and trace elements are being used in some of today’s most sophisticated medical applications. Other recent examples of beneficial effects of geologic materials and processes include epidemiological studies in Japan that have identified a wide range of health problems (such as muscle and joint pain, hemorrhoids, burns, gout, etc.) that may be treated by one or more of nine chemically distinct types of hot springs, and a study in China indicating that residential coal combustion may be mobilizing sufficient iodine to prevent iodine deficiency disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ijerph2006030042","issn":"16604601","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., 2006, Health benefits of geologic materials and geologic processes: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 3, no. 4, p. 338-342, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030042.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030042","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fd7e4b0c8380cd5d129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028653,"text":"70028653 - 2006 - Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028653","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers","docAbstract":"TSU in partnership with the USGS has conducted extensive research regarding biode??gradation of contaminants in karst aquifers. This research resulted in the development of a numerical approach to modeling biodegradation of contaminants in karst aquifers that is taught to environmental engineering students in several steps. First, environmental engineering students are taught chemical-reaction engineering principles relating to a wide variety of environmental fate and transport issues. Second, as part of TSU's engineering course curriculum, students use a non-ideal flow laboratory reactor system and run a tracer study to establish residence time distribution (RTD). Next, the students couple that formula to a first-order biodegradation rate and predict the removal of a biodegradable contaminant as a function of residence time. Following this, students are shown data collected from karst bedrock wells that suggest that karst aquifers are analogous to non-ideal flow reactors. The students are challenged to develop rates of biodegradation through lab studies and use their results to predict biodegradaton at an actual contaminated karst site. Field studies are also conducted to determine the accuracy of the students' predictions. This academic approach teaches biodegradation processes, rate-kinetic processes, hydraulic processes and numerical principles. The students are able to experience how chemical engineering principles can be applied to other situations, such as, modeling biodegradation of contaminants in karst aquifers. This paper provides background on the chemical engineering principles and karst issues used in the research-enhanced curriculum. ?? American Society for Engineering Education, 2006.","largerWorkTitle":"ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006","conferenceDate":"18 June 2006 through 21 June 2006","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"King, L., Byl, T., and Painter, R., 2006, Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers, in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, Chicago, IL, 18 June 2006 through 21 June 2006.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa91be4b0c8380cd85c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, L.","contributorId":23744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byl, T.","contributorId":31967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, R.","contributorId":54393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028401,"text":"70028401 - 2006 - The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:37:53","indexId":"70028401","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments","docAbstract":"One of the major impediments to the integration of lentic ecosystems into global environmental analyses has been fragmentary data on the extent and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments. We use new data sources, enhanced spatial resolution, and new analytical approaches to provide new estimates of the global abundance of surface-water bodies. A global model based on the Pareto distribution shows that the global extent of natural lakes is twice as large as previously known (304 million lakes; 4.2 million km 2 in area) and is dominated in area by millions of water bodies smaller than 1 km2. Similar analyses of impoundments based on inventories of large, engineered dams show that impounded waters cover approximately 0.26 million km2. However, construction of low-tech farm impoundments is estimated to be between 0.1 % and 6% of farm area worldwide, dependent upon precipitation, and represents >77,000 km 2 globally, at present. Overall, about 4.6 million km2 of the earth's continental \"land\" surface (>3%) is covered by water. These analyses underscore the importance of explicitly considering lakes, ponds, and impoundments, especially small ones, in global analyses of rates and processes. ?? 2006, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Downing, J.A., Prairie, Y., Cole, J.J., Duarte, C., Tranvik, L., Striegl, R.G., McDowell, W.H., Kortelainen, P., Caraco, N., Melack, J., and Middelburg, J.J., 2006, The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 5, p. 2388-2397, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388.","startPage":"2388","endPage":"2397","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265989,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac89e4b08c986b323570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, J. A.","contributorId":100466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prairie, Y.T.","contributorId":72191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prairie","given":"Y.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, J. J.","contributorId":25746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duarte, C.M.","contributorId":64017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tranvik, L.J.","contributorId":82912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tranvik","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kortelainen, Pirkko","contributorId":43130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kortelainen","given":"Pirkko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caraco, N.F.","contributorId":47150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caraco","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Melack, J.M.","contributorId":59164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melack","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Middelburg, J. J.","contributorId":105417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"J.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028883,"text":"70028883 - 2006 - Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028883","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA","docAbstract":"Speciation and microbial transformation of Hg was studied in mine waste from abandoned Hg mines in SW Texas to evaluate the potential for methyl-Hg production and degradation in mine wastes. In mine waste samples, total Hg, ionic Hg2+, Hg0, methyl-Hg, organic C, and total S concentrations were measured, various Hg compounds were identified using thermal desorption pyrolysis, and potential rates of Hg methylation and methyl-Hg demethylation were determined using isotopic-tracer methods. These data are the first reported for Hg mines in this region. Total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations were also determined in stream sediment collected downstream from two of the mines to evaluate transport of Hg and methylation in surrounding ecosystems. Mine waste contains total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations as high as 19,000 ??g/g and 1500 ng/g, respectively, which are among the highest concentrations reported at Hg mines worldwide. Pyrolysis analyses show that mine waste contains variable amounts of cinnabar, metacinnabar, Hg0, and Hg sorbed onto particles. Methyl-Hg concentrations in mine waste correlate positively with ionic Hg2+, organic C, and total S, which are geochemical parameters that influence processes of Hg cycling and methylation. Net methylation rates were as high as 11,000 ng/g/day, indicating significant microbial Hg methylation at some sites, especially in samples collected inside retorts. Microbially-mediated methyl-Hg demethylation was also observed in many samples, but where both methylation and demethylation were found, the potential rate of methylation was faster. Total Hg concentrations in stream sediment samples were generally below the probable effect concentration of 1.06 ??g/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment dwelling organisms; whereas total Hg concentrations in mine waste samples were found to exceed this concentration, although this is a sediment quality guideline and is not directly applicable to mine waste. Although total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations are locally high in some mine waste samples, little Hg appears to be exported from these Hg mines in stream sediment primarily due to the arid climate and lack of precipitation and mine runoff in this region. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Hines, M., and Biester, H., 2006, Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1940-1954, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016.","startPage":"1940","endPage":"1954","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016"},{"id":236380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5423e4b0c8380cd6cec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, M.E.","contributorId":97287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biester, H.","contributorId":44333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biester","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028651,"text":"70028651 - 2006 - The future of imaging spectroscopy - Prospective technologies and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028651","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The future of imaging spectroscopy - Prospective technologies and applications","docAbstract":"Spectroscopy has existed for more than three centuries now. Nonetheless, significant scientific advances have been achieved. We discuss the history of spectroscopy in relation to emerging technologies and applications. Advanced focal plane arrays, optical design, and intelligent on-board logic are prime prospective technologies. Scalable approaches in pre-processing of imaging spectrometer data will receive additional focus. Finally, we focus on new applications monitoring transitional ecological zones, where human impact and disturbance have highest impact as well as in monitoring changes in our natural resources and environment We conclude that imaging spectroscopy enables mapping of biophysical and biochemical variables of the Earth's surface and atmospheric composition with unprecedented accuracy.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2006 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS","conferenceDate":"31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519","isbn":"0780395107; 9780780395107","usgsCitation":"Schaepman, M., Green, R., Ungar, S., Curtiss, B., Boardman, J., Plaza, A., Gao, B., Ustin, S., Kokaly, R., Miller, J., Jacquemoud, S., Ben-Dor, E., Clark, R., Davis, C., Dozier, J., Goodenough, D., Roberts, D., Swayze, G., Milton, E., and Goetz, A.F., 2006, The future of imaging spectroscopy - Prospective technologies and applications, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Denver, CO, 31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006, p. 2005-2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519.","startPage":"2005","endPage":"2009","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477594,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-future-of-imaging-spectroscopy-prospective-technologies-and-a","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519"},{"id":236749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac33e4b08c986b323339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaepman, M.E.","contributorId":66466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepman","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, R.O.","contributorId":27249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ungar, S.G.","contributorId":50712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ungar","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtiss, B.","contributorId":97691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtiss","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boardman, J.","contributorId":74184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plaza, A.J.","contributorId":103460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plaza","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gao, B.-C.","contributorId":95251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"B.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ustin, S.","contributorId":58830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ustin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kokaly, R. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":31563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, J.R.","contributorId":86555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jacquemoud, S.","contributorId":54785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacquemoud","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ben-Dor, E.","contributorId":55192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Dor","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Davis, C.","contributorId":94453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Dozier, J.","contributorId":60834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dozier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Goodenough, D.G.","contributorId":103065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodenough","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Roberts, D.","contributorId":24157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Swayze, G. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":55131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Milton, E.J.","contributorId":10214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Goetz, Alexander F.H.","contributorId":43747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70028648,"text":"70028648 - 2006 - Influence of particle and surface quality on the vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter: Comparative exercise using data from the qualifying system for reflectance analysis working group of ICCP","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028648","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of particle and surface quality on the vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter: Comparative exercise using data from the qualifying system for reflectance analysis working group of ICCP","docAbstract":"The development of a qualifying system for reflectance analysis has been the scope of a working group within the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) since 1999, when J. Koch presented a system to qualify vitrinite particles according to their size, proximity to bright components and homogeneity of the surface. After some years of work aimed at improving the classification system using photomicrographs, it was decided to run a round robin exercise on microscopy samples. The classification system tested consists of three qualifiers ranging from excellent to low quality vitrinites with an additional option for unsuitable vitrinites. This paper reports on the results obtained by 22 analysts who were asked to measure random reflectance readings on vitrinite particles assigning to each reading a qualifier. Four samples containing different organic matter types and a variety of vitrinite occurrences have been analysed. Results indicated that the reflectance of particles classified as excellent, good or poor compared to the total average reflectance did not show trends to be systematically lower or higher for the four samples analysed. The differences in reflectance between the qualifiers for any given sample were lower than the scatter of vitrinite reflectance among participants. Overall, satisfactory results were obtained in determining the reflectance of vitrinite in the four samples analysed. This was so for samples having abundant and easy to identify vitrinites (higher plant-derived organic matter) as well as for samples with scarce and difficult to identify particles (samples with dominant marine-derived organic matter). The highest discrepancies were found for the organic-rich oil shales where the selection of the vitrinite population to measure proved to be particularly difficult. Special instructions should be provided for the analysis of this sort of samples. The certainty of identification of the vitrinite associated with the vitrinite reflectance values reported has been assessed through a reliability index which takes into account the number of readings and the coefficient of variation. The same statistical approach as that followed in the ICCP vitrinite reflectance accreditation program for single seam coals has been used for data evaluation. The results indicated low to medium dispersion for 17 out of 22 participants. This, combined with data from other sets of comparative analyses over a long period, is considered an encouraging result for the establishment of an accreditation program on vitrinite reflectance measurements in dispersed organic matter. ?? 2006 ICCP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Borrego, A., Araujo, C., Balke, A., Cardott, B., Cook, A., David, P., Flores, D., Hamor-Vido, M., Hiltmann, W., Kalkreuth, W., Koch, J., Kommeren, C., Kus, J., Ligouis, B., Marques, M., Mendonca Filho, J., Misz, M., Oliveira, L., Pickel, W., Reimer, K., Ranasinghe, P., Suarez-Ruiz, I., and Vieth, A., 2006, Influence of particle and surface quality on the vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter: Comparative exercise using data from the qualifying system for reflectance analysis working group of ICCP: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 68, no. 3-4, p. 151-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.002.","startPage":"151","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.002"},{"id":236678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b63e4b0c8380cd624b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrego, A.G.","contributorId":53583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrego","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Araujo, C.V.","contributorId":36738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Araujo","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balke, A.","contributorId":78524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balke","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cardott, B.","contributorId":25342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardott","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, A.C.","contributorId":43133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"David, P.","contributorId":14180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flores, D.","contributorId":107915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hamor-Vido, M.","contributorId":25343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamor-Vido","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hiltmann, W.","contributorId":71371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiltmann","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kalkreuth, W.","contributorId":12255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkreuth","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Koch, J.","contributorId":7065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koch","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kommeren, C.J.","contributorId":103852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kommeren","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kus, J.","contributorId":98523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ligouis, B.","contributorId":59228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ligouis","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Marques, M.","contributorId":102260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marques","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mendonca Filho, J.G.","contributorId":26128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendonca Filho","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Misz, M.","contributorId":68524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Oliveira, L.","contributorId":98099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliveira","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Pickel, W.","contributorId":64014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickel","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Reimer, K.","contributorId":14998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Ranasinghe, P.","contributorId":92477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranasinghe","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Suarez-Ruiz, I.","contributorId":10598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez-Ruiz","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Vieth, A.","contributorId":92036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vieth","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70028558,"text":"70028558 - 2006 - Glacial modification of granite tors in the Cairngorms, Scotland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028558","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial modification of granite tors in the Cairngorms, Scotland","docAbstract":"A range of evidence indicates that many granite tors in the Cairngorms have been modified by the flow of glacier ice during the Pleistocene. Comparisons with SW England and the use of a space-time transformation across 38 tor groups in the Cairngorms allow a model to be developed for progressive glacial modification. Tors with deeply etched surfaces and no, or limited, block removal imply an absence of significant glacial modification. The removal of superstructure and blocks, locally forming boulder trains, and the progressive reduction of tors to stumps and basal slabs represent the more advanced stages of modification. Recognition of some slabs as tor stumps from which glacial erosion has removed all superstructure allows the original distribution of tors to be reconstructed for large areas of the Cairngorms. Unmodified tors require covers of non-erosive, cold-based ice during all of the cold stages of the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Deformation beneath cold-based glacier ice is capable of the removal of blocks but advanced glacial modification requires former wet-based glacier ice. The depth of glacial erosion at former tor sites remains limited largely to the partial or total elimination of the upstanding tor form. Cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages (Phillips et al., 2006) together with data from weathering pit depths (Hall and Phillips, 2006), from the surfaces of tors and large erratic blocks require that the glacial entrainment of blocks from tors occurred in Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4-2, 6 and, probably, at least one earlier phase. The occurrence of glacially modified tors on or close to, the main summits of the Cairngorms requires full ice cover over the mountains during these Stages. Evidence from the Cairngorms indicates that tor morphology can be regarded as an important indicator of former ice cover in many formerly glaciated areas, particularly where other evidence of ice cover is sparse. Recognition of the glacial modification of tors is important for debates about the former existence of nunataks and refugia. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Quaternary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jqs.1003","issn":"02678179","usgsCitation":"Hall, A., and Phillips, W., 2006, Glacial modification of granite tors in the Cairngorms, Scotland: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 21, no. 8, p. 811-830, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1003.","startPage":"811","endPage":"830","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209688,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1003"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2909e4b0c8380cd5a61c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, A.M.","contributorId":40400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, W.M.","contributorId":49332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028927,"text":"70028927 - 2006 - Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T16:06:03","indexId":"70028927","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management","docAbstract":"Conservation management of croplands at the plot scale has demonstrated a great potential to mitigate the greenhouse effect through sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) into soil. This study estimated the potential of soil to sequester C through the conversion of croplands from conventional tillage (CT) to no-till (NT) in the East Central United States between 1992 and 2012. This study used the baseline soil organic C (SOC) pool (SOCP) inventory and the empirical models that describe the relationships of the SOCP under CT and NT, respectively, to their baseline SOCP in the upper 30-cm depth of soil. The baseline SOCP were obtained from the State Soil Geographic database, and the cropland distribution map was generated from the 1992 National Land Cover Database. The results indicate that if all the croplands under CT in 1992 were converted to NT, the SOCP would increase by 16.8% by 2012, which results in a total C sink of 136 Tg after 20 years. A greater sequestration rate would occur in soils with lower baseline SOCP, but the sink strength would be weaker with increasing SOCP levels. The CT-induced C sources tend to become larger in soils with higher baseline levels, which can be significantly reduced by adopting NT. We conclude that baseline SOC contents are an indicator of C sequestration potential with NT practices. ?? 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer Healt","doi":"10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Lal, R., and Liu, S., 2006, Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management: Soil Science, v. 171, no. 12, p. 950-959, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"950","endPage":"959","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0"}],"volume":"171","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc04ce4b08c986b32a045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lal, R.","contributorId":18559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lal","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028440,"text":"70028440 - 2006 - Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028440","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change","docAbstract":"A trend of increasing streamflow has been observed in the Mississippi River (MR) basin since the 1940 s as a result of increased precipitation. Herein we show that increasing MR flow is mainly in its baseflow as a result of land use change and accompanying agricultural activities that occurred in the MR basin during the last 60 years. Agricultural land use change in the MR basin has affected the basin-scale hydrology: more precipitation is being routed into streams as baseflow than stormflow since 1940 s. We explain that the conversion of perennial vegetation to seasonal row crops, especially soybeans, in the basin since 1940 s may have reduced evapotranspiration, increased groundwater recharge, and thus increased baseflow and streamflow. This explanation is supported with a data analysis of the annually and monthly flow rates at various river stations in the MR basin. Results from this study will help to direct our effort in managing land use and in reducing nutrient levels in MR and other major rivers since nutrient concentrations and loads carried by storm water and baseflow are different. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.033","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., and Schilling, K.E., 2006, Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change: Journal of Hydrology, v. 324, no. 1-4, p. 412-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.033.","startPage":"412","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210300,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.033"},{"id":237178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a07e4b0c8380cd61b12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028645,"text":"70028645 - 2006 - The ionospheric impact on GPS performance in southern polar region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028645","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The ionospheric impact on GPS performance in southern polar region","docAbstract":"The primary objective of this paper is to present the results of the study of the effects of varying ionospheric conditions on the GPS signal tracking in the southern polar region. In the first stage of this study, the data collected by the OSU/USGS team in October-November 2003 within the TAMDEF (Transantarctic Mountains Deformation) network were used together with some IGS Antarctic stations to study the effect of severe ionospheric storms on GPS hardware. Note that TAMDEF is a joint USGS/OSU project with the primary objective of measuring crustal motion in the Transantarctic Mountains of Southern Victoria Land using GPS techniques. This study included ten Antarctic stations equipped with different dual-frequency GPS hardware, and the data were evaluated for two 24-hour periods of severe ionospheric storm (2003/10/29) and moderate ionospheric conditions (minor storm of 2003/11/11). The results of this study were presented at the LAG Assembly in Cairns, Australia (Grejner-Brzezinska et al., 2005). Additional tests, in a more controlled environment, were carried out at the US Antarctic station, McMurdo, between January 10 and February 6, 2006, under varying ionospheric conditions, where several different types of receivers were connected to the same antenna located on the rooftop of the Crary Laboratory (the primary test site). In this scenario, each antenna was subject to identical ionospheric effects during each day of the test, and no spatial decorrelation effects were present, as seen in the previous study, due to the spatial separation of the receivers tested. It should be noted, however, that no moderate or severe ionospheric storms occurred during the experiment, so, unfortunately, this type of conditions was not tested here. The test was repeated with different receivers connected to different antenna types; a total of four 5-day sessions were carried out. The following receiver types were used at the primary site: Trimble 5700, Ashtech Z-Surveyor, JNS Euro-80 and Novatel DL-4, with the following antennas: Trimble Zephyr Geodetic, Ashtech D/M and Ashtech E/M chokering. In addition, data collected by the MCM4 IGS station, MCMD UNAVCO station, and CRAR USGS station, all located within 300 m from the primary test site, were used in the analyses. These stations were equipped with the following receiver/antenna combinations: ADA SNR-12/AOAD/MJT chokering (MCM4), Trimble NETRS/AOAD/MJT chokering (MCMD), and TPS ODYSEY_E/JPSREGANT_DD_E (CRAR). The UNAVCO TEQC software was used to carry out the analyses. Depending on the data sampling rate and the mask angle, the expected numbers of observations per receiver/satellite were compared to the actual number of measurements collected during the ionospheric events, with a special emphasis on L2 data. A total number of cycle slips and losses of lock were computed and compared among the hardware types. The results presented here indicate that there is no significant effects on the GPS receivers during minor ionospheric storms (Kp<5). However, the results reported in ibid, indicate significant differences in the hardware performance under severe ionospheric storms. Thus, careful hardware selection is needed to assure data quality/continuity when observations may be affected by severe ionospheric disturbances, while under calm to minor ionospheric activity level there is no significant difference in performance among the hardware tested here.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006","conferenceTitle":"Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006","conferenceDate":"26 September 2006 through 29 September 2006","conferenceLocation":"Fort Worth, TX","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hong, C., Grejner-Brzezinska, D.A., Arslan, N., Willis, M., and Hothem, L., 2006, The ionospheric impact on GPS performance in southern polar region, in Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006, v. 3, Fort Worth, TX, 26 September 2006 through 29 September 2006, p. 1418-1426.","startPage":"1418","endPage":"1426","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad64e4b08c986b323bab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hong, C.-K.","contributorId":90526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hong","given":"C.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A.","contributorId":42772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grejner-Brzezinska","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arslan, N.","contributorId":86557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arslan","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, M.","contributorId":82910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hothem, L.","contributorId":13801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028787,"text":"70028787 - 2006 - Applications of GIS and database technologies to manage a Karst Feature Database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028787","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2201,"text":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of GIS and database technologies to manage a Karst Feature Database","docAbstract":"This paper describes the management of a Karst Feature Database (KFD) in Minnesota. Two sets of applications in both GIS and Database Management System (DBMS) have been developed for the KFD of Minnesota. These applications were used to manage and to enhance the usability of the KFD. Structured Query Language (SQL) was used to manipulate transactions of the database and to facilitate the functionality of the user interfaces. The Database Administrator (DBA) authorized users with different access permissions to enhance the security of the database. Database consistency and recovery are accomplished by creating data logs and maintaining backups on a regular basis. The working database provides guidelines and management tools for future studies of karst features in Minnesota. The methodology of designing this DBMS is applicable to develop GIS-based databases to analyze and manage geomorphic and hydrologic datasets at both regional and local scales. The short-term goal of this research is to develop a regional KFD for the Upper Mississippi Valley Karst and the long-term goal is to expand this database to manage and study karst features at national and global scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10906924","usgsCitation":"Gao, Y., Tipping, R., and Alexander, E., 2006, Applications of GIS and database technologies to manage a Karst Feature Database: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 68, no. 3, p. 144-152.","startPage":"144","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc3e4b0c8380cd49486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, Y.","contributorId":82437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tipping, R.G.","contributorId":67272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipping","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, E.C. Jr.","contributorId":94062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"E.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028599,"text":"70028599 - 2006 - Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028599","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks","docAbstract":"Spatial relationships among stocks of breeding waterfowl can be an important component of harvest management. Prediction and optimal harvest management under adaptive harvest management (AHM) requires information on the spatial relationships among breeding populations (fidelity and inter-year exchange), as well as rates of movements from breeding to harvest regions. We used band-recovery data to develop a model to estimate probabilities of movement for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) among 3 Canadian breeding strata and 6 harvest regions (3 in Canada, and 3 in the United States) over the period 1965-1998. Model selection criteria suggested that models containing area-, year-, and age-specific recovery rates with area- and sex-specific movement rates were the best for modeling movement. Movement by males to southern harvest areas was variable depending on the originating area. Males from the western breeding area predominantly moved to the Mississippi Flyway or southern Atlantic Flyway (??ij = 0.353, SE = 0.0187 and ??ij = 0.473, SE = 0.037, respectively), whereas males that originated in the eastern and central breeding strata moved to the northern Atlantic flyway (??ij = 0.842, SE = 0.010 and ??ij = 0.578, SE = 0.0222, respectively). We used combined recoveries and recaptures in Program MARK to estimate fidelity to the 3 Canadian breeding strata. Information criteria identified a model containing sex- and age-specific fidelity for black ducks. Estimates of fidelity were 0.9695 (SE = 0.0249) and 0.9554 (SE = 0.0434) for adult males and females, respectively. Estimates of fidelity for juveniles were slightly lower at 0.9210 (SE = 0.0931) and 0.8870 (SE = 0.0475) for males and females, respectively. These models have application to the development of spatially stratified black duck harvest management models for use in AHM.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Zimpfer, N., and Conroy, M., 2006, Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1770-1777, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1770","endPage":"1777","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209761,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c0ce4b0c8380cd6f9c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimpfer, N.L.","contributorId":74560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimpfer","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003987,"text":"1003987 - 2006 - Wetland environmental conditions associated with the risk of avian cholera outbreaks and the abundance of Pasteurella multocida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:22:08","indexId":"1003987","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland environmental conditions associated with the risk of avian cholera outbreaks and the abundance of Pasteurella multocida","docAbstract":"Avian cholera is a significant infectious disease affecting waterfowl across North America and occurs worldwide among various avian species. Despite the importance of this disease, little is known about the factors that cause avian cholera outbreaks and what management strategies might be used to reduce disease mortality. Previous studies indicated that wetland water conditions may affect survival and transmission of Pasteurella multocida, the agent that causes avian cholera. These studies hypothesized that water conditions affect the likelihood that avian cholera outbreaks will occur in specific wetlands. To test these predictions, we collected data from avian cholera outbreak and non-outbreak (control) wetlands throughout North America (wintera??spring 1995a??1996 to 1998a??1999) to evaluate whether water conditions were associated with outbreaks. Conditional logistic regression analysis on paired outbreak and non-outbreak wetlands indicated no significant association between water conditions and the risk of avian cholera outbreaks. For wetlands where avian cholera outbreaks occurred, linear regression showed that increased eutrophic nutrient concentrations (Potassium [K], nitrate [NO3], phosphorus [P], and phosphate [PO3]) were positively related to the abundance of P. multocida recovered from water and sediment samples. Wetland protein concentration and an El Ni??o event were also associated with P. multocida abundance. Our results indicate that wetland water conditions are not strongly associated with the risk of avian cholera outbreaks; however, some variables may play a role in the abundance of P. multocida bacteria and might be important in reducing the severity of avian cholera outbreaks.
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Imaging spectrometers acquire data with enough spectral range, resolution, and sampling at every pixel in a raster image so that individual absorption features can be identified and spatially mapped (Goetz et al., 1985).","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2006 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS","conferenceDate":"31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2006.514","isbn":"0780395107; 9780780395107","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Boardman, J., Mustard, J., Kruse, F., Ong, C., Pieters, C., and Swayze, G., 2006, Mineral mapping and applications of imaging spectroscopy, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Denver, CO, 31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006, p. 1986-1989, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.514.","startPage":"1986","endPage":"1989","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209866,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.514"},{"id":236607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5797e4b0c8380cd6dd89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R. 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