Ocean Beach in San Francisco, California, contains a persistent erosional section in the shadow of the San Francisco ebb tidal delta and south of Sloat Boulevard that threatens valuable public infrastructure as well as the safe recreational use of the beach. Coastal managers have been discussing potential mediation measures for over a decade, with little scientific research available to aid in decision making. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) initiated the Ocean Beach Coastal Processes Study in April 2004 to provide the scientific knowledge necessary for coastal managers to make informed management decisions. This study integrates a wide range of field data collection and numerical modeling techniques to document nearshore sediment transport processes at the mouth of San Francisco Bay, with emphasis on how these processes relate to erosion at Ocean Beach. The Ocean Beach Coastal Processes Study is the first comprehensive study of coastal processes at the mouth of San Francisco Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071217","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Eshleman, J., Erikson, L., and Hanes, D.M., 2007, Coastal processes study at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA: Summary of data collection 2004-2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1217, xi, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071217.","productDescription":"xi, 165 p.","numberOfPages":"176","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071217.PNG"},{"id":10224,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":292641,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1217/of2007-1217.pdf"},{"id":414563,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81796.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4983,\n 37.7167\n ],\n [\n -122.4983,\n 37.8917\n ],\n [\n -122.7064,\n 37.8917\n ],\n [\n -122.7064,\n 37.7167\n ],\n [\n -122.4983,\n 37.7167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eshleman, Jodi","contributorId":41909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshleman","given":"Jodi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":3170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanes, Daniel M.","contributorId":96360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80394,"text":"ofr20071163 - 2007 - Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T21:49:28.787524","indexId":"ofr20071163","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1163","title":"Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions","docAbstract":"A geophysical investigation was undertaken as part of an effort to characterize the geologic framework influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah. New gravity data were combined with existing aeromagnetic, drill-hole, and geologic data to help determine basin geometry, infer structural features, estimate depth to pre-Cenozoic basement rocks, and further constrain the horizontal extents of exposed and buried plutons. In addition, a three-dimensional (3D) geologic model was constructed to help illustrate the often complex geometries of individual basins and aid in assessing the connectivity of adjacent basins. In general, the thirteen major valleys within the study area have axes oriented north-south and frequently contain one or more sub-basins. These basins are often asymmetric and typically reach depths of 2 km. Analysis of gravity data helped delineate geophysical lineaments and accommodation zones. Structural complexities may further compartmentalize ground-water flow within basins and the influence of tectonics on basin sedimentation further complicates their hydrologic properties.\r\n\r\nThe horizontal extent of exposed and, in particular, buried plutons was estimated over the entire study area. The location and subsurface extents of these plutons will be very important for regional water resource assessments, as these features may act as either barriers or pathways for groundwater flow. A previously identified basement gravity low strikes NW within the study area and occurs within a highly extended terrane between the Butte and Confusion synclinoria. Evidence from geophysical, geologic, and seismic reflection data suggests relatively lower density plutonic rocks may extend to moderate crustal depths and rocks of similar composition may be the source of the entire basement gravity anomaly.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM)","usgsCitation":"Watt, J.T., Ponce, D.A., and Wallace, A., 2007, Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1163, Report: iv, 43 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 23.15 inches and 18.00 × 23.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071163.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 43 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 23.15 inches and 18.00 × 23.90 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402190,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81795.htm"},{"id":10217,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":8564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Alan R.","contributorId":287598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"Alan R.","affiliations":[{"id":61619,"text":"USGS emeritus, not in Active Directory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80393,"text":"sir20075100 - 2007 - Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:07:46.482531","indexId":"sir20075100","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5100","title":"Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida","docAbstract":"The transient response of a hydrologic system can be of concern to water-resource managers, because it is often extreme relatively short-lived events, such as floods or droughts, that profoundly influence the management of the resource. The water available to a hydrologic system for stream flow and aquifer recharge is determined by the difference of precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET). As such, temporal variations in precipitation and ET determine the degree of influence each has on the transient response of the hydrologic system.\r\n\r\nMeteorological, ET, and hydrologic data collected from 1993 to 2003 and spanning 1- to 3 2/3 -year periods were used to develop a hydrologic model for each of five sites in central Florida. The sensitivities of simulated water levels and flows to simple approximations of ET were quantified and the adequacy of each ET approximation was assessed. ET was approximated by computing potential ET, using the Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor equations, and applying vegetation coefficients to adjust the potential ET values to actual ET. The Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor ET approximations were used in the calibrated hydrologic models while leaving all other model characteristics and parameter values unchanged.\r\n\r\nTwo primary factors that influence how the temporal variability of ET affects hydrologic simulation in central Florida were identified: (1) stochastic character of precipitation and ET and (2) the ability of the local hydrologic system to attenuate variability in input stresses. Differences in the stochastic character of precipitation and ET, both the central location and spread of the data, result in substantial influence of precipitation on the quantity and timing of water available to the hydrologic system and a relatively small influence of ET. The temporal variability of ET was considerably less than that of precipitation at each site over a wide range of time scales (from daily to annual). However, when precipitation and ET are of similar magnitude, small errors in ET can produce relatively large errors in available water, and accurate estimates of actual ET are more important. Local hydrologic conditions can also be an important factor influencing the hydrologic response to ET variability. Various points along a flow path in a hydrologic system respond differently to temporal variations in ET. For example, soil moisture contents in the root zone are sensitive to daily variations in ET, whereas spring flow responds to only longer term variations in ET.\r\n\r\nBoth the Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor equations for potential ET, when applied with an annually invariant monthly vegetation coefficient derived from comparison of measured ET with computed potential ET values, can be used with a hydrologic model to produce reasonable predictions of water levels and flows. Baseline-adjusted modified coefficients of efficiency for simulated water levels ranged from 0.0, indicating that water levels were simulated equally as well with approximated ET as with actual ET values, to -0.6, indicating that water levels were simulated better with actual ET values. Simulations using the Hargreaves approximation consistently yielded larger absolute and relative errors than the Priestley-Taylor approximation. However, the differences between the Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor simulations generally were much smaller than differences between these simulations and the simulations using actual ET. This suggests that the simpler Hargreaves equation may be an adequate substitute for the more complex Priestley-Taylor equation, depending on the level of accuracy required to satisfy the particular modeling objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., 2007, Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5100, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075100.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415473,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81794.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.8208,\n 27.5611\n ],\n [\n -80.3333,\n 27.5611\n ],\n [\n -80.3333,\n 29.7289\n ],\n [\n -82.8208,\n 29.7289\n ],\n [\n -82.8208,\n 27.5611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6103cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80396,"text":"ofr20071218 - 2007 - Preliminary Isostatic Gravity Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20071218","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1218","title":"Preliminary Isostatic Gravity Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","docAbstract":"This isostatic residual gravity map is part of an effort to map the three-dimensional distribution of rocks in Joshua Tree National Park, southern California.\r\n\r\nThis map will serve as a basis for modeling the shape of basins beneath the Park and in adjacent valleys and also for determining the location and geometry of faults within the area. Local spatial variations in the Earth's gravity field, after accounting for variations caused by elevation, terrain, and deep crustal structure, reflect the distribution of densities in the mid- to upper crust. Densities often can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in density commonly mark lithologic or structural boundaries.\r\nHigh-density basement rocks exposed within the Eastern Transverse Ranges include crystalline rocks that range in age from Proterozoic to Mesozoic and these rocks are generally present in the mountainous areas of the quadrangle. Alluvial sediments, usually located in the valleys, and Tertiary sedimentary rocks are characterized by low densities. However, with increasing depth of burial and age, the densities of these rocks may become indistinguishable from those of basement rocks. Tertiary volcanic rocks are characterized by a wide range of densities, but, on average, are less dense than the pre-Cenozoic basement rocks. Basalt within the Park is as dense as crystalline basement, but is generally thin (less than 100 m thick; e.g., Powell, 2003).\r\n\r\nIsostatic residual gravity values within the map area range from about 44 mGal over Coachella Valley to about 8 mGal between the Mecca Hills and the Orocopia Mountains. Steep linear gravity gradients are coincident with the traces of several Quaternary strike-slip faults, most notably along the San Andreas Fault bounding the east side of Coachella Valley and east-west-striking, left-lateral faults, such as the Pinto Mountain, Blue Cut, and Chiriaco Faults (Fig. 1). Gravity gradients also define concealed basin-bounding faults, such as those beneath the Chuckwalla Valley (e.g. Rotstein and others, 1976). These gradients result from juxtaposing dense basement rocks against thick Cenozoic sedimentary rocks.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071218","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Biehler, S., McPhee, D., McCabe, C., Watt, J., Anderson, M., Chuchel, B., and Stoffer, P., 2007, Preliminary Isostatic Gravity Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1218, Map: 65 x 35 inches; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071218.","productDescription":"Map: 65 x 35 inches; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110743,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81724.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81724"},{"id":190530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10220,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,33.5 ], [ -116.5,34.25 ], [ -115,34.25 ], [ -115,33.5 ], [ -116.5,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biehler, Shawn","contributorId":69168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biehler","given":"Shawn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPhee, D.K.","contributorId":96775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCabe, C.A.","contributorId":88037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watt, J. T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":86052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, M.L.","contributorId":93138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chuchel, B. A.","contributorId":93064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuchel","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stoffer, P.","contributorId":55527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80387,"text":"fs20073022 - 2007 - Predicting water quality by relating secchi-disk transparency and chlorophyll a measurements to Landsat satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, 2001-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T13:16:29","indexId":"fs20073022","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3022","title":"Predicting water quality by relating secchi-disk transparency and chlorophyll a measurements to Landsat satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, 2001-2006","docAbstract":"The State of Michigan has more than 11,000 inland lakes; approximately 3,500 of these lakes are greater than 25 acres. The USGS, in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), has been monitoring the quality of inland lakes in Michigan through the Lake Water Quality Assessment monitoring program. Approximately 100 inland lakes will be sampled per year from 2001 to 2015. Volunteers coordinated by MDEQ started sampling lakes in 1974, and continue to sample to date approximately 250 inland lakes each year through the Cooperative Lakes Monitoring Program (CLMP), Michigan’s volunteer lakes monitoring program. Despite this sampling effort, it is still impossible to physically collect the necessary water-quality measurements for all 3,500 Michigan inland lakes. Therefore, a technique was used by USGS, modeled after Olmanson and others (2001), in cooperation with MDEQ that uses satellite remote sensing to predict water quality in unsampled inland lakes greater than 25 acres.
Water-quality characteristics that are associated with water clarity can be predicted for Michigan inland lakes by relating sampled measurements of secchi-disk transparency (SDT) and chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl-a), to satellite imagery. The trophic state index (TSI) which is an indicator of the biological productivity can be calculated based on SDT measurements, Chl-a concentrations, and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations measured near the lake’s surface. Through this process, unsampled inland lakes within the fourteen Landsat satellite scenes encompassing Michigan can be translated into estimated TSI from either predicted SDT or Chl-a (fig. 1).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Fuller, L.M., and Minnerick, R., 2007, Predicting water quality by relating secchi-disk transparency and chlorophyll a measurements to Landsat satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, 2001-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3022, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073022.","productDescription":"4 p.","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3022.jpg"},{"id":10210,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d8ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, L. M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minnerick, R. J.","contributorId":52255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minnerick","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80391,"text":"tm6A23 - 2007 - MODFLOW Ground-Water Model - User Guide to the Subsidence and Aquifer-System Compaction Package (SUB-WT) for Water-Table Aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T14:33:58","indexId":"tm6A23","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A23","title":"MODFLOW Ground-Water Model - User Guide to the Subsidence and Aquifer-System Compaction Package (SUB-WT) for Water-Table Aquifers","docAbstract":"A new computer program was developed to simulate vertical compaction in models of regional ground-water flow. The program simulates ground-water storage changes and compaction in discontinuous interbeds or in extensive confining units, accounting for stress-dependent changes in storage properties. The new program is a package for MODFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model. Several features of the program make it useful for application in shallow, unconfined flow systems. Geostatic stress can be treated as a function of water-table elevation, and compaction is a function of computed changes in effective stress at the bottom of a model layer. Thickness of compressible sediments in an unconfined model layer can vary in proportion to saturated thickness.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 23 of Section A, Ground Water, of Book 6, Modeling Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/tm6A23","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Central Arizona Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Galloway, D., 2007, MODFLOW Ground-Water Model - User Guide to the Subsidence and Aquifer-System Compaction Package (SUB-WT) for Water-Table Aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A23, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A23.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a23.jpg"},{"id":10214,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2007/06A23/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648c49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80386,"text":"ofr20071191 - 2007 - The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-11T13:20:24.031072","indexId":"ofr20071191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1191","title":"The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"Digital terrain models, which can be produced from multibeam bathymetric data, are ordered arrays of depths for a number of sea-floor positions sampled at regularly spaced intervals. These models provide valuable base maps for marine geological interpretations that help define the variability of the sea floor (one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity), improve our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments and the distribution of benthic habitats, and provide a detailed framework to guide and assist future research, monitoring, and management activities.
The bathymetry interpreted herein was processed from data collected by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration vessels during hydrographic surveys H11361 and H11252. These surveys mapped roughly 156 km² of sea floor in the vicinity of Six Mile Reef, an area of eastern Long Island Sound where the sea floor is characterized by fields of large sand waves and an east-west decreasing gradient of bottom tidal-current speeds (fig. 1). Interpretations of the bathymetry are supplemented by concurrently collected seismic reflection data, as well as archived historic seismic profiles, sediment samples and bottom photography collected as part of a long-standing geologic mapping partnership between the State of Connecticut and the U.S. Geological Survey (fig. 2). The purpose of this digital report is 1) to provide the acoustic data layers produced during the above mentioned surveys, 2) to use them to describe the sea-floor character and bedform morphologies near Six Mile Reef, and 3) to relate these descriptions to ongoing processes and sedimentary environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071191","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Denny, J.F., Williams, S., Moser, M.S., Forfinski, N., Stewart, H., and Doran, E.F., 2007, The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1191, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071191.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071191.PNG"},{"id":10209,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound, Six Mile Reef","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-72.53859631199987, 41.218613803000096], [-72.39995053699988, 41.21874296300012], [-72.39917557899993, 41.1488675590001], [-72.50685172499993, 41.147174132000096], [-72.53914165299989, 41.148437027000035], [-72.53973895299993, 41.152452098000126], [-72.63745415599995, 41.15135684000012], [-72.64780867799993, 41.15392906600014], [-72.64759869999995, 41.15795801200005], [-72.64501335099993, 41.158863541000116], [-72.64858296999994, 41.163627408000174], [-72.64573312599987, 41.167984378000064], [-72.64748058799995, 41.178325842000085], [-72.64573514899983, 41.18675119500003], [-72.64807114999985, 41.18816854400017], [-72.64556454199987, 41.188890342000015], [-72.64757245299991, 41.19235497300006], [-72.64555141799985, 41.195898344999996], [-72.64868883399991, 41.198774326000034], [-72.64586602199995, 41.20452898600011], [-72.64558737499988, 41.21457238100004], [-72.53995891699992, 41.214048287000175], [-72.53859631199987, 41.218613803000096]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-72.64868883399991, 41.14704497200005, -72.39817100399995, 41.21874296300012], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091886\"}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moser, M. S.","contributorId":98391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forfinski, N.A.","contributorId":13702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forfinski","given":"N.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stewart, H.F.","contributorId":83620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":80388,"text":"sir20075092 - 2007 - Modeling 3-D slope stability of coastal bluffs using 3-D ground-water flow, Southwestern Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T17:01:43","indexId":"sir20075092","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5092","title":"Modeling 3-D slope stability of coastal bluffs using 3-D ground-water flow, Southwestern Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"Landslides are a common problem on coastal bluffs throughout the world. Along the coastal bluffs of the Puget Sound in Seattle, Washington, landslides range from small, shallow failures to large, deep-seated landslides. Landslides of all types can pose hazards to human lives and property, but deep-seated landslides are of significant concern because their large areal extent can cause extensive property damage. Although many geomorphic processes shape the coastal bluffs of Seattle, we focus on large (greater than 3,000 m3), deepseated, rotational landslides that occur on the steep bluffs along Puget Sound. Many of these larger failures occur in advance outwash deposits of the Vashon Drift (Qva); some failures extend into the underlying Lawton Clay Member of the Vashon Drift (Qvlc).\r\n\r\nThe slope stability of coastal bluffs is controlled by the interplay of three-dimensional (3-D) variations in gravitational stress, strength, and pore-water pressure. We assess 3-D slope-stability using SCOOPS (Reid and others, 2000), a computer program that allows us to search a high-resolution digital-elevation model (DEM) to quantify the relative stability of all parts of the landscape by computing the stability and volume of thousands of potential spherical failures. SCOOPS incorporates topography, 3-D strength variations, and 3-D pore pressures.\r\n\r\nInitially, we use our 3-D analysis methods to examine the effects of topography and geology by using heterogeneous material properties, as defined by stratigraphy, without pore pressures. In this scenario, the least-stable areas are located on the steepest slopes, commonly in Qva or Qvlc. However, these locations do not agree well with observations of deep-seated landslides. Historically, both shallow colluvial landslides and deep-seated landslides have been observed near the contact between Qva and Qvlc, and commonly occur in Qva. The low hydraulic conductivity of Qvlc impedes ground-water flow, resulting in elevated pore pressures at the base of Qva, thereby increasing the potential for landslides. Our analysis simulates the ground-water flow using the results of a 3-D ground-water flow model, MODFLOW-2000 (Harbaugh and others, 2000), to generate a 3-D pore-pressure field. Areas of elevated pore pressure reflect the influence of a perched ground-water table in Qva, as well as ground-water convergence in the coastal re-entrants. We obtain a realistic model of deep-seated landsliding by combining 3-D pore pressures with heterogeneous strength properties. The results show the least-stable areas where pore pressures are locally elevated in Qva. We compare our results with records of past landslides. The predicted leaststable areas include two historically active deep-seated landslides and areas adjacent to these landslides.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075092","usgsCitation":"Brien, D.L., and Reid, M.E., 2007, Modeling 3-D slope stability of coastal bluffs using 3-D ground-water flow, Southwestern Seattle, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5092, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075092.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,47.1 ], [ -122.5,47.9 ], [ -122,47.9 ], [ -122,47.1 ], [ -122.5,47.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brien, Dianne L. dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":3296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80378,"text":"ofr20061355 - 2007 - Marl prairie vegetation response to 20th century hydrologic change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T15:24:53.06258","indexId":"ofr20061355","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1355","title":"Marl prairie vegetation response to 20th century hydrologic change","docAbstract":"We conducted geochronologic and pollen analyses from sediment cores collected in solution holes within marl prairies of Big Cypress National Preserve to reconstruct vegetation patterns of the last few centuries and evaluate the stability and longevity of marl prairies within the greater Everglades ecosystem. Based on radiocarbon dating and pollen biostratigraphy, these cores contain sediments deposited during the last ~300 years and provide evidence for plant community composition before and after 20th century water management practices altered flow patterns throughout the Everglades. Pollen evidence indicates that pre-20th century vegetation at the sites consisted of sawgrass marshes in a peat-accumulating environment; these assemblages indicate moderate hydroperiods and water depths, comparable to those in modern sawgrass marshes of Everglades National Park. During the 20th century, vegetation changed to grass-dominated marl prairies, and calcitic sediments were deposited, indicating shortening of hydroperiods and occurrence of extended dry periods at the site. These data suggest that the presence of marl prairies at these sites is a 20th century phenomenon, resulting from hydrologic changes associated with water management practices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061355","usgsCitation":"Marl Prairie Vegetation Response to 20th Century Hydrologic Change; 2007; OFR; 2006-1355; Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Willard, Debra A.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1355/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91234,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1355/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"169 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-355"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.11862740583817,\n 26.70489837770232\n ],\n [\n -81.81504185065552,\n 26.70489837770232\n ],\n [\n -81.81504185065552,\n 25.09416821042484\n ],\n [\n -80.11862740583817,\n 25.09416821042484\n ],\n [\n -80.11862740583817,\n 26.70489837770232\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) arrived at Mars on 10 March 2006 and began its primary science phase in November. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on MRO is the largest, most complex camera ever flown to another planet. Plans call for this scanner to image roughly 1% of Mars by area at a pixel scale of 0.3 m during the next Mars year. Among the thousands of images will be hundreds of stereopairs that will provide an unprecedented three-dimensional view of the Martian surface at meter scale. These stereopairs will provide a tremendous amount of information for focused scientific studies, landing site selection and validation, and the operation of landers and rovers. In this paper, we describe our approach to generating geodetically controlled digital topographic models (DTMs) from such stereopairs, our early results, and plans for future DTM production.
Our approach to the photogrammetric processing of HiRISE images follows that which we have previously described for the MOC and the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC). We use the USGS in-house digital cartographic software ISIS to do initial processing, including ingestion, decompression, and radiometric calibration of the images. \"Three-dimensional\" photogrammetric processing steps, including control and DTM creation and editing, are performed on a photogrammetric workstation running the commercial software SOCET SET (® BAE Systems). Noteworthy departures from past practice are the use of ISIS 3, the object-oriented successor to the older ISIS 2 system, and pre-processing in ISIS to correct geometric complications of the HiRISE images that cannot be modelled in the SOCET sensor model: multiple CCD detectors in the focal plane, optical distortion around an axis far from the detectors, and (ultimately) the small \"jitter\" motions of spacecraft pointing that distort the images and hence the DTMs.
The first HiRISE stereopair analyzed covered the location of the Opportunity rover near the 750-m crater informally named Victoria in Meridiani Planum. This scene was extremely unfavorable for automated stereomatching, with extensive areas that are almost featureless, extremely steep, or both, but these problems were offset by the high quality of the HiRISE imagery, permitting us to obtain a 1 m/post DTM that required only limited interactive editing. Subsequent mapping of the Spirit rover site and a variety of scientifically interesting sites has proven that the greater surface texture found at most places on Mars leads to even better DTMs with even less editing required. We are currently working to refine and streamline our procedures in order to maximize the number of sites that can be mapped and studied in three dimensions with HiRISE.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, XXIII International Cartographic Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XXIII International Cartographic Conference","conferenceDate":"August 4-10, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Moscow, Russia","language":"English","publisher":"International Cartographic Association","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Howington-Kraus, E., Rosiek, M.R., Cook, D., Anderson, J.A., Becker, K.J., Archinal, B.A., Keszthelyi, L., King, R., and McEwen, A.S., 2007, Ultrahigh resolution topographic mapping of Mars with HiRISE stereo images: Methods and first results, in Proceedings, XXIII International Cartographic Conference, Moscow, Russia, August 4-10, 2007, DVD-ROM; 11 p.","productDescription":"DVD-ROM; 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2007/html/Proceedings.htm"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c122c56e4b034bf6a8569ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":754114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, Debbie 0000-0001-9973-9929","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-9929","contributorId":202343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Jeffery A. janderson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Jeffery","email":"janderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":754116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Becker, Kris J. 0000-0003-1971-5957 kbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-5957","contributorId":2910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Kris","email":"kbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"King, R.","contributorId":18827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70201419,"text":"70201419 - 2007 - Cartography for lunar exploration: Current status and planned missions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T16:23:49","indexId":"70201419","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-31T16:18:48","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cartography for lunar exploration: Current status and planned missions","docAbstract":"The initial spacecraft exploration of the Moon in the 1960s–70s yielded extensive data, primarily in the form of film and television images, that were used to produce a large number of hardcopy maps by conventional techniques. A second era of exploration, beginning in the early 1990s, has produced digital data including global multispectral imagery and altimetry, from which a new generation of digital map products tied to a rapidly evolving global control network has been made. Efforts are also underway to scan the earlier hardcopy maps for online distribution and to digitize the film images themselves so that modern processing techniques can be used to make high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) and image mosaics consistent with the current global control. The pace of lunar exploration is about to accelerate dramatically, with as many of seven new missions planned for the current decade. These missions, of which the most important for cartography are SMART-1 (Europe), SELENE (Japan), Chang'E-1 (China), Chandrayaan-1 (India), and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (USA), will return a volume of data exceeding that of all previous lunar and planetary missions combined. Framing and scanner camera images, including multispectral and stereo data, hyperspectral images, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and laser altimetry will all be collected, including, in most cases, multiple datasets of each type. Substantial advances in international standardization and cooperation, development of new and more efficient data processing methods, and availability of resources for processing and archiving will all be needed if the next generation of missions are to fulfil their potential for high-precision mapping of the Moon in support of subsequent exploration and scientific investigation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: XXIII International Cartographic Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XXIII International Cartographic Conference","conferenceDate":"August 4-10, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Moscow, Russia","language":"English","publisher":"International Cartographic Association","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Archinal, B.A., Gaddis, L.R., and Rosiek, M.R., 2007, Cartography for lunar exploration: Current status and planned missions, in Proceedings: XXIII International Cartographic Conference, Moscow, Russia, August 4-10, 2007, DVD ROM; 38 p.","productDescription":"DVD ROM; 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2007/html/Proceedings.htm"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c122c56e4b034bf6a8569f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":754099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80286,"text":"ofr20071171 - 2007 - Escherichia coli Concentrations in the Mill Creek Watershed, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"ofr20071171","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1171","title":"Escherichia coli Concentrations in the Mill Creek Watershed, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001-2004","docAbstract":"Mill Creek in Cleveland, Ohio, receives discharges from combined-sewer overflows (CSOs) and other sanitary-sewage inputs. These discharges affect the water quality of the creek and that of its receiving stream, the Cuyahoga River. In an effort to mitigate this problem, the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District implemented a project to eliminate or control (by reducing the number of overflows) all of the CSOs in the Mill Creek watershed. This study focused on monitoring the microbiological water quality of the creek before and during sewage-collection system modifications.\r\n\r\nRoutine samples were collected semimonthly from August 2001 through September 2004 at a site near a U.S. Geological Survey stream gage near the mouth of Mill Creek. In addition, event samples were collected September 19 and 22, 2003, when rainfall accumulations were 0.5 inches (in.) or greater. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were determined and instantaneous discharges were calculated. Streamflow and water-quality characteristics were measured at the time of sampling, and precipitation data measured at a nearby precipitation gage were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of E. coli were greater than Ohio's single-sample maximum for primary-contact recreation (298 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL)) in 84 percent of the routine samples collected. In all but one routine sample E. coli concentrations in samples collected when instantaneous streamflows were greater than 20 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) were greater than Ohio's single-sample maximum. When precipitation occurred in the 24-hour period before routine sample collection, concentrations were greater than the maximum in 89 percent of the samples as compared to 73 percent when rainfall was absent during the 24 hours prior to routine sample collection.\r\n\r\nBefore modifications to the sewage-collection system in the watershed began, E. coli concentrations in Mill Creek ranged from 220 to 29,000 CFU/100 mL. After major modifications, E. coli concentrations ranged from 110 to 80,000 CFU/100 mL. The percentage of sample E. coli concentrations in the former group greater than Ohio's single-sample maximum was 88 percent, whereas 85 percent of sample concentrations was greater than the maximum after major modifications occurred. Instantaneous discharges of E. coli were calculated for each of the modification periods. No statistically significant difference was observed between the median instantaneous discharges of E. coli for the premodification and minor-modification periods (5.1 ? 106 and 3.6 ? 106 CFU per second, respectively).\r\n\r\nDuring rainfall events in September 2003, samples were collected every 15 to 30 minutes. E. coli concentrations in all of these samples (n = 34) were greater than Ohio's single-sample maximum for primary-contact recreation. On September 19, total accumulated rainfall was 1.7 in., and streamflow reached a peak of 1,040 ft3/s. Sample collection started after 0.8 in. of precipitation had fallen and continued throughout the remainder of the storm. For these samples, E. coli concentrations ranged from 32,000 to 140,000 CFU/100 mL. On September 22, total accumulated rainfall was 0.5 in., and streamflow reached a peak of 497 ft3/s. Sample collection began before the start of the rain and continued throughout the storm. E. coli concentrations ranged from 450 to 260,000 CFU/100 mL.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., 2007, Escherichia coli Concentrations in the Mill Creek Watershed, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1171, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071171.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-08-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10109,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.66666666666667,41.36666666666667 ], [ -81.66666666666667,41.5 ], [ -81.41666666666667,41.5 ], [ -81.41666666666667,41.36666666666667 ], [ -81.66666666666667,41.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdeb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80296,"text":"sir20075043 - 2007 - Fate and Transport Modeling of Selected Chlorinated Organic Compounds at Operable Unit 1, U.S. Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"sir20075043","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5043","title":"Fate and Transport Modeling of Selected Chlorinated Organic Compounds at Operable Unit 1, U.S. Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Naval Air Station occupies 3,800 acres adjacent to the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. The Station was placed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List in December 1989 and is participating in the U.S. Department of Defense Installation Restoration Program, which serves to identify and remediate environmental contamination. One contaminated site, the old landfill, was designated as Operable Unit 1 (OU1) in 1989. The major source of ground-water contamination was from the disposal of waste oil and solvents into open pits, which began in the 1940s. Several remedial measures were implemented at this site to prevent the spread of contamination. Recovery trenches were installed in 1995 to collect free product. In 1998, some of the contamination was consolidated to the center of the old landfill and covered by an impermeable cap. Currently, Operable Unit 1 is being reevaluated as part of a 5-year review process to determine if the remedial actions were effective.\r\n\r\nSolute transport modeling indicated that the concentration of contaminants would have reached its maximum extent by the 1970s, after which the concentration levels would have generally declined because the pits would have ceased releasing high levels of contaminants. In the southern part of the site, monitoring well MW-19, which had some of the highest levels of contamination, showed decreases for measured and simulated concentrations of trichloroethene (TCE) and dichloroethene (DCE) from 1992 to present. Two upgradient disposal pits were simulated to have ceased releasing high levels of contamination in 1979, which consequently caused a drop in simulated concentrations.\r\n\r\nMonitoring well MW-100 had the highest levels of contamination of any well directly adjacent to a creek. Solute transport modeling substantially overestimated the concentrations of TCE, DCE, and vinyl chloride (VC) in this well. The reason for this overestimation is not clear, however, it indicates that the model will be conservative when used to predict concentration levels and the time required for the contamination to move through the system. Monitoring well MW-97 had the highest levels of contamination in the central part of the site. The levels decreased for both the measured and simulated values of TCE, DCE, and VC from 1999 to present. Simulating the source area as ceasing to release high levels of contamination in 1979 caused the drop in concentration, which began in the 1990s at this well.\r\n\r\nMonitoring well MW-89 had the highest levels of contamination in the northern part of the site. In order to match the low levels of contamination in wells MW-12 and MW-93, the pit was simulated as ceasing to release contamination in 1970; however, the installation of a trench in 1995 could have caused the source area to release additional contamination from 1995 to 1998. The effect of the additional dissolution was a spike in contamination at MW-89, beginning in about 1996 and continuing until the present time. Results from the last several sampling events indicate that the TCE and DCE levels could be decreasing, but VC shows no apparent trend. Several more years of sampling are needed to determine if these trends are continuing.\r\n\r\nBased on the solute transport modeling predictions, TCE, DCE, and VC will have migrated to the vicinity of creeks that drain ground water from the aquifer by 2010, and only relatively low levels will remain in the aquifer by 2015. Because the creeks represent the point where the contaminated ground water comes into contact with the environment, future contamination levels are a concern. The concentration of chlorinated solvents in the creek water has always been relatively low. Because the model shows that concentrations of TCE, DCE, and VC are declining in the aquifer, contamination levels in the creeks also are anticipated to decline.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., 2007, Fate and Transport Modeling of Selected Chlorinated Organic Compounds at Operable Unit 1, U.S. Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5043, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075043.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10119,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.73333333333333,30.166666666666668 ], [ -81.73333333333333,30.25 ], [ -81.65,30.25 ], [ -81.65,30.166666666666668 ], [ -81.73333333333333,30.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f739a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J. Hal","contributorId":53832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J. Hal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}