{"pageNumber":"935","pageRowStart":"23350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70192224,"text":"70192224 - 2017 - 3D ground‐motion simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone: Variability of long‐period (T≥1  s) ground motions and sensitivity to kinematic rupture parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T09:37:24","indexId":"70192224","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"3D ground‐motion simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone: Variability of long‐period (T≥1  s) ground motions and sensitivity to kinematic rupture parameters","title":"3D ground‐motion simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone: Variability of long‐period (T≥1  s) ground motions and sensitivity to kinematic rupture parameters","docAbstract":"

We examine the variability of long‐period (T≥1  s) earthquake ground motions from 3D simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah, from a set of 96 rupture models with varying slip distributions, rupture speeds, slip velocities, and hypocenter locations. Earthquake ruptures were prescribed on a 3D fault representation that satisfies geologic constraints and maintained distinct strands for the Warm Springs and for the East Bench and Cottonwood faults. Response spectral accelerations (SA; 1.5–10 s; 5% damping) were measured, and average distance scaling was well fit by a simple functional form that depends on the near‐source intensity level SA0(T) and a corner distance Rc:SA(R,T)=SA0(T)(1+(R/Rc))−1. Period‐dependent hanging‐wall effects manifested and increased the ground motions by factors of about 2–3, though the effects appeared partially attributable to differences in shallow site response for sites on the hanging wall and footwall of the fault. Comparisons with modern ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) found that the simulated ground motions were generally consistent, except within deep sedimentary basins, where simulated ground motions were greatly underpredicted. Ground‐motion variability exhibited strong lateral variations and, at some sites, exceeded the ground‐motion variability indicated by GMPEs. The effects on the ground motions of changing the values of the five kinematic rupture parameters can largely be explained by three predominant factors: distance to high‐slip subevents, dynamic stress drop, and changes in the contributions from directivity. These results emphasize the need for further characterization of the underlying distributions and covariances of the kinematic rupture parameters used in 3D ground‐motion simulations employed in probabilistic seismic‐hazard analyses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160307","usgsCitation":"Moschetti, M.P., Hartzell, S.H., Ramirez-Guzman, L., Frankel, A.D., Angster, S.J., and Stephenson, W.J., 2017, 3D ground‐motion simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone: Variability of long‐period (T≥1  s) ground motions and sensitivity to kinematic rupture parameters: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 4, p. 1704-1723, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160307.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1704","endPage":"1723","ipdsId":"IP-085767","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch fault zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.25,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -112.25,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -112.25,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511fe4b0220bbd9a1d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo","contributorId":175444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Angster, Stephen J. 0000-0001-9250-8415 sangster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-8415","contributorId":3885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angster","given":"Stephen","email":"sangster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":714867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192261,"text":"70192261 - 2017 - Declines revisited: Long-term recovery and spatial population dynamics oftailed frog larvae after wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T10:54:06","indexId":"70192261","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Declines revisited: Long-term recovery and spatial population dynamics oftailed frog larvae after wildfire","docAbstract":"

Drought has fueled an increased frequency and severity of large wildfires in many ecosystems. Despite an increase in research on wildfire effects on vertebrates, the vast majority of it has focused on short-term (< 5 years) effects and there is still little information on the time scale of population recovery for species that decline in abundance after fire. In 2003, a large wildfire in Montana (USA) burned the watersheds of four of eight streams that we sampled for larval Rocky Mountain tailed frogs (Ascaphus montanus) in 2001. Surveys during 2004–2005 revealed reduced abundance of larvae in burned streams relative to unburned streams, with greater declines associated with increased fire extent. Rocky Mountain tailed frogs have low vagility and have several unusual life-history traits that could slow population recovery, including an extended larval period (4 years), delayed sexual maturity (6–8 years), and low fecundity (< 50 eggs/year). To determine if abundance remained depressed since the 2003 wildfire, we repeated surveys during 2014–2015 and found relative abundance of larvae in burned and unburned streams had nearly converged to pre-fire conditions within two generations. The negative effects of burn extent on larval abundance weakened> 58% within 12 years after the fire. We also found moderate synchrony among populations in unburned streams and negative spatial autocorrelation among populations in burned streams. We suspect negative spatial autocorrelation among spatially-clustered burned streams reflected increased post-fire patchiness in resources and different rates of local recovery. Our results add to a growing body of work that suggests populations in intact ecosystems tend to be resilient to habitat changes caused by wildfire. Our results also provide important insights into recovery times of populations that have been negatively affected by severe wildfire.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2017.06.022","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B.R., and Honeycutt, R.K., 2017, Declines revisited: Long-term recovery and spatial population dynamics oftailed frog larvae after wildfire: Biological Conservation, v. 212, no. A, p. 274-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.06.022.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"278","ipdsId":"IP-083575","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.06.022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead National Forest, Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.17953491210938,\n 48.22284281261854\n ],\n [\n -113.22235107421874,\n 48.22284281261854\n ],\n [\n -113.22235107421874,\n 48.826757381274426\n ],\n [\n -114.17953491210938,\n 48.826757381274426\n ],\n [\n -114.17953491210938,\n 48.22284281261854\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"212","issue":"A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511ee4b0220bbd9a1d5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Honeycutt, R. Ken 0000-0002-7157-7195 rhoneycutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-7195","contributorId":156282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeycutt","given":"R.","email":"rhoneycutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192262,"text":"70192262 - 2017 - Widespread legacy brine contamination from oil production reduces survival of chorus frog larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T11:48:42","indexId":"70192262","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread legacy brine contamination from oil production reduces survival of chorus frog larvae","docAbstract":"

Advances in drilling techniques have facilitated a rapid increase in hydrocarbon extraction from energy shales, including the Williston Basin in central North America. This area overlaps with the Prairie Pothole Region, a region densely populated with wetlands that provide numerous ecosystem services. Historical (legacy) disposal practices often released saline co-produced waters (brines) with high chloride concentrations, affecting wetland water quality directly or persisting in sediments. Despite the potential threat of brine contamination to aquatic habitats, there has been little research into its ecological effects. We capitalized on a gradient of legacy brine-contaminated wetlands in northeast Montana to conduct laboratory experiments to assess variation in survival of larval Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata) reared on sediments from 3 local wetlands and a control source. To help provide environmental context for the experiment, we also measured chloride concentrations in 6 brine-contaminated wetlands in our study area, including the 2 contaminated sites used for sediment exposures. Survival of frog larvae during 46- and 55-day experiments differed by up to 88% among sediment sources (Site Model) and was negatively correlated with potential chloride exposure (Chloride Model). Five of the 6 contaminated wetlands exceeded the U.S. EPA acute benchmark for chloride in freshwater (860 mg/L) and all exceeded the chronic benchmark (230 mg/L). However, the Wetland Site model explained more variation in survival than the Chloride Model, suggesting that chloride concentration alone does not fully reflect the threat of contamination to aquatic species. Because the profiles of brine-contaminated sediments are complex, further surveys and experiments are needed across a broad range of conditions, especially where restoration or remediation actions have reduced brine-contamination. Information provided by this study can help quantify potential ecological threats and help land managers prioritize conservation strategies as part of responsible and sustainable energy development.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.070","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B.R., Puglis, H.J., Battaglin, W.A., Anderson, C.W., Honeycutt, R.K., and Smalling, K.L., 2017, Widespread legacy brine contamination from oil production reduces survival of chorus frog larvae: Environmental Pollution, v. 231, no. 1, p. 742-751, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.070.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"742","endPage":"751","ipdsId":"IP-087168","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74T6GVD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Widespread Legacy Brine Contamination from Oil Shales Reduces Survival of Chorus Frog Larvae-Data"},{"id":347201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region, Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 42.391008609205045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"231","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511de4b0220bbd9a1d59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puglis, Holly J. 0000-0002-3090-6597 hpuglis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-6597","contributorId":4686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puglis","given":"Holly","email":"hpuglis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":140160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Honeycutt, R. Ken 0000-0002-7157-7195 rhoneycutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-7195","contributorId":156282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeycutt","given":"R.","email":"rhoneycutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920 ksmall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":190789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly","email":"ksmall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192256,"text":"70192256 - 2017 - Ecosystem vs. community recovery 25 years after grass invasions and fire in a subtropical woodland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:31:45","indexId":"70192256","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem vs. community recovery 25 years after grass invasions and fire in a subtropical woodland","docAbstract":"Despite a large body of research documenting invasive plant impacts, few studies have followed individual invaded sites over decades to observe how they change, and none have contrasted how compositional impacts from invasion compare to ecosystem-process impacts over a multi-decadal time-scale.\r\n\r\nUsing direct measurements of plant density and composition and of ecosystems processes, we evaluate how ecosystem structure, above-ground net primary production (ANPP), and above-ground and soil nutrient pools compare over 25 years since fire and C4 grass invasions disrupted seasonally dry Hawaiian woodlands. We compare structure and function between primary woodland that has never burned and is largely native species-dominated, with sites that had been the same woodland type but burned in alien-grass-fuelled fires in the 1970s and 1980s. The sites have not experienced fires since 1987.\r\n\r\nWe report here that woody plant composition and structure continue to be dramatically changed by the initial invasions and fires that occurred 25 years ago and invaders continue to dominate in burned sites. This is reflected in continued low plant carbon pools in burned compared to unburned sites. Yet ANPP and N storage, which were dramatically lower in the initial decade after invasive-grass fuelled fires, have increased and are now indistinguishable from values measured in intact woodlands. Soil carbon pools were resilient to both invasion and fire initially and over time.\r\nAbove-ground net primary production has recovered because of invasion of burned sites by a non-native N-fixing tree rather than because of recovery of native species. This invasive N-fixing tree is unlikely to return C storage of the invaded sites to those of unburned woodland because of its tissue and growth characteristics and its interactions with invasive grasses. It does not facilitate native species but rather promotes a persistent invasive grass/N-fixer savanna.\r\n\r\nSynthesis. We conclude that fire, an unusual disturbance in this system, has perpetuated the dominance of these sites by invasive species and that despite the dramatic recovery of above-ground net primary production and N pools, the ecosystem continues to be in a distinctly different state than the pre-fire, pre-Melinis community. Thus, despite the absence of further disturbance (fire), there is no evidence that succession towards the original ecosystem is occurring. The fact that N pools and above-ground net primary production recover because of a new invader (Morella faya), highlights the unpredictability of ecosystem trajectories in the face of altered regional species pools.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.12855","usgsCitation":"D’Antonio, C.M., Yelenik, S.G., and Mack, M., 2017, Ecosystem vs. community recovery 25 years after grass invasions and fire in a subtropical woodland: Journal of Ecology, v. 105, no. 6, p. 1462-1474, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12855.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1462","endPage":"1474","ipdsId":"IP-080172","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12855","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"105","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511ee4b0220bbd9a1d5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Antonio, Carla M.","contributorId":196690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Antonio","given":"Carla","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yelenik, Stephanie G. 0000-0002-9011-0769 syelenik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0769","contributorId":5251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelenik","given":"Stephanie","email":"syelenik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, Michelle C.","contributorId":140367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mack","given":"Michelle C.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192253,"text":"70192253 - 2017 - A coupled metabolic-hydraulic model and calibration scheme for estimating of whole-river metabolism during dynamic flow conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T09:38:40","indexId":"70192253","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A coupled metabolic-hydraulic model and calibration scheme for estimating of whole-river metabolism during dynamic flow conditions","docAbstract":"Conventional methods for estimating whole-stream metabolic rates from measured dissolved oxygen dynamics do not account for the variation in solute transport times created by dynamic flow conditions. Changes in flow at hourly time scales are common downstream of hydroelectric dams (i.e. hydropeaking), and hydrologic limitations of conventional metabolic models have resulted in a poor understanding of the controls on biological production in these highly managed river ecosystems. To overcome these limitations, we coupled a two-station metabolic model of dissolved oxygen dynamics with a hydrologic river routing model. We designed calibration and parameter estimation tools to infer values for hydrologic and metabolic parameters based on time series of water quality data, achieving the ultimate goal of estimating whole-river gross primary production and ecosystem respiration during dynamic flow conditions. Our case study data for model design and calibration were collected in the tailwater of Glen Canyon Dam (Arizona, USA), a large hydropower facility where the mean discharge was 325 m3 s 1 and the average daily coefficient of variation of flow was 0.17 (i.e. the hydropeaking index averaged from 2006 to 2016). We demonstrate the coupled model’s conceptual consistency with conventional models during steady flow conditions, and illustrate the potential bias in metabolism estimates with conventional models during unsteady flow conditions. This effort contributes an approach to solute transport modeling and parameter estimation that allows study of whole-ecosystem metabolic regimes across a more diverse range of hydrologic conditions commonly encountered in streams and rivers.","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO)","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10204","usgsCitation":"Payn, R.A., Hall, R.O., Kennedy, T.A., Poole, G.C., and Marshall, L.A., 2017, A coupled metabolic-hydraulic model and calibration scheme for estimating of whole-river metabolism during dynamic flow conditions: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 15, no. 10, p. 847-866, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10204.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"866","ipdsId":"IP-083968","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10204","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76T0KG2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Metabolic-hydraulic modelData"},{"id":347212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","volume":"15","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511ee4b0220bbd9a1d60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payn, Robert A.","contributorId":127363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6765,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Robert O","contributorId":198078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629 tkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":167537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore","email":"tkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poole, Geoff C","contributorId":198079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poole","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marshall, Lucy A. 0000-0003-0450-4292","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-4292","contributorId":198080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Lucy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192024,"text":"70192024 - 2017 - HERA: A dynamic web application for visualizing community exposure to flood hazards based on storm and sea level rise scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T16:24:55","indexId":"70192024","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"HERA: A dynamic web application for visualizing community exposure to flood hazards based on storm and sea level rise scenarios","docAbstract":"

The Hazard Exposure Reporting and Analytics (HERA) dynamic web application was created to provide a platform that makes research on community exposure to coastal-flooding hazards influenced by sea level rise accessible to planners, decision makers, and the public in a manner that is both easy to use and easily accessible. HERA allows users to (a) choose flood-hazard scenarios based on sea level rise and storm assumptions, (b) appreciate the modeling uncertainty behind a chosen hazard zone, (c) select one or several communities to examine exposure, (d) select the category of population or societal asset, and (e) choose how to look at results. The application is designed to highlight comparisons between (a) varying levels of sea level rise and coastal storms, (b) communities, (c) societal asset categories, and (d) spatial scales. Through a combination of spatial and graphical visualizations, HERA aims to help individuals and organizations to craft more informed mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate-driven coastal hazards. This paper summarizes the technologies used to maximize the user experience, in terms of interface design, visualization approaches, and data processing.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2017.08.012","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.M., Henry, K., Wood, N.J., Ng, P., and Jamieson, M., 2017, HERA: A dynamic web application for visualizing community exposure to flood hazards based on storm and sea level rise scenarios: Computers & Geosciences, v. 109, p. 124-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.08.012.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"133","ipdsId":"IP-085912","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.08.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511fe4b0220bbd9a1d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Jeanne M. 0000-0001-7549-9270 jmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-9270","contributorId":4676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeanne","email":"jmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Kevin 0000-0001-9314-2531 khenry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9314-2531","contributorId":176934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Kevin","email":"khenry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ng, Peter 0000-0001-8509-5544 png@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-5544","contributorId":3317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Peter","email":"png@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jamieson, Matthew 0000-0002-9371-9182","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9371-9182","contributorId":197590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192267,"text":"70192267 - 2017 - Movements of Atlantic Sturgeon of the Gulf of Maine inside and outside the geographically defined Distinct Population Segment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T11:07:48","indexId":"70192267","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements of Atlantic Sturgeon of the Gulf of Maine inside and outside the geographically defined Distinct Population Segment","docAbstract":"Identification of potential critical habitat, seasonal distributions, and movements within and between river systems is important for protecting the Gulf of Maine (GOM) Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Sturgeon. To accomplish these objectives, we captured Atlantic Sturgeon in four GOM rivers (Penobscot, Kennebec system, Saco, and Merrimack), and tagged 144 (83.3–217.4 cm TL) internally with uniquely coded acoustic transmitters. Tagged fish were detected between 2006 to 2014 by primary receiver arrays deployed in the four GOM rivers or opportunistically on a secondary group of receivers deployed within the GOM and along the continental shelf. Atlantic Sturgeon tagged in the four rivers were documented at three spawning areas in the Kennebec system in June and July, including one that became accessible in 1999 when the Edwards Dam was removed. After being tagged, the majority (74%) of Atlantic sturgeon were detected in the estuaries of the four GOM rivers, primarily from May through October. Tagged fish spent most of their time in saline water in the Saco River and Merrimack River, moved into brackish water in the Penobscot River, and were found in saline, brackish, and fresh water in the Kennebec system. Approximately 70% of the tagged fish were detected in GOM coastal waters, and aggregated in the Bay of Fundy (May–January), offshore of the Penobscot River (September-February and May), offshore of the Kennebec River (September–February), in Saco Bay and the Scarborough River (July–November), and along the eastern Massachusetts coast between Cape Ann and Cape Cod (April–February). Nine tagged Atlantic sturgeon (7%) left the GOM, three of which moved as far north as Halifax in Canada and six moved as far south as the James River in Virginia. Information from this study will be used to make recommendations to avoid, reduce or mitigate the impacts of in-water projects and on Atlantic sturgeon.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2016.1271845","usgsCitation":"Wippelhauser, G.S., Sulikowski, J., Zydlewski, G.B., Altenritter, M., Kieffer, M., and Kinnison, M.T., 2017, Movements of Atlantic Sturgeon of the Gulf of Maine inside and outside the geographically defined Distinct Population Segment: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 9, p. 93-107, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2016.1271845.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"107","ipdsId":"IP-077082","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2016.1271845","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.444091796875,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -63.10546874999999,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -63.10546874999999,\n 46.05036097561633\n ],\n [\n -71.444091796875,\n 46.05036097561633\n ],\n [\n -71.444091796875,\n 41.17038447781618\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511de4b0220bbd9a1d57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wippelhauser, Gail S.","contributorId":169680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wippelhauser","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25571,"text":"Maine Department of Marine Resources, Augusta, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulikowski, James","contributorId":197218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sulikowski","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Gayle B.","contributorId":169688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Gayle","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Altenritter, Megan","contributorId":198093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Altenritter","given":"Megan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kieffer, Micah 0000-0001-9310-018X mkieffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-018X","contributorId":2641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Micah","email":"mkieffer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":169617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191811,"text":"70191811 - 2017 - Riverine discharges to Chesapeake Bay: Analysis of long-term (1927–2014) records and implications for future flows in the Chesapeake Bay basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T14:07:39","indexId":"70191811","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riverine discharges to Chesapeake Bay: Analysis of long-term (1927–2014) records and implications for future flows in the Chesapeake Bay basin","docAbstract":"

The Chesapeake Bay (CB) basin is under a total maximum daily load (TMDL) mandate to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads to the bay. Identifying shifts in the hydro-climatic regime may help explain observed trends in water quality. To identify potential shifts, hydrologic data (1927–2014) for 27 watersheds in the CB basin were analyzed to determine the relationships among long-term precipitation and stream discharge trends. The amount, frequency, and intensity of precipitation increased from 1910 to 1996 in the eastern U.S., with the observed increases greater in the northeastern U.S. than the southeastern U.S. The CB watershed spans the north-to-south gradient in precipitation increases, and hydrologic differences have been observed in watersheds north relative to watersheds south of the Pennsylvania—Maryland (PA-MD) border. Time series of monthly mean precipitation data specific to each of 27 watersheds were derived from the Precipitation-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) dataset, and monthly mean stream-discharge data were obtained from U.S. Geological Survey streamgage records. All annual precipitation trend slopes in the 18 watersheds north of the PA-MD border were greater than or equal to those of the nine south of that border. The magnitude of the trend slopes for 1927–2014 in both precipitation and discharge decreased in a north-to-south pattern. Distributions of the monthly precipitation and discharge datasets were assembled into percentiles for each year for each watershed. Multivariate correlation of precipitation and discharge within percentiles among the groups of northern and southern watersheds indicated only weak associations. Regional-scale average behaviors of trends in the distribution of precipitation and discharge annual percentiles differed between the northern and southern watersheds. In general, the linkage between precipitation and discharge was weak, with the linkage weaker in the northern watersheds compared to those in the south. On the basis of simple linear regression, 26 of the 27 watersheds are projected to have higher annual mean discharge in 2025, the target date for implementation of the TMDL for the CB basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.057","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Moyer, D.L., and Mills, A., 2017, Riverine discharges to Chesapeake Bay: Analysis of long-term (1927–2014) records and implications for future flows in the Chesapeake Bay basin: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 204, no. 1, p. 246-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.057.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"254","ipdsId":"IP-078770","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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0000-0001-6330-478X dlmoyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":174389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"dlmoyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, Aaron L.","contributorId":189745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Aaron L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192270,"text":"70192270 - 2017 - Geographic variation in host fish use and larval metamorphosis for the endangered dwarf wedgemussel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T08:55:34","indexId":"70192270","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation in host fish use and larval metamorphosis for the endangered dwarf wedgemussel","docAbstract":"
  1. Host fishes play a crucial role in survival and dispersal of freshwater mussels (Unionoida), particularly rare unionids at conservation risk. Intraspecific variation in host use is not well understood for many mussels, including the endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) in the USA.
  2. Host suitability of 33 fish species for dwarf wedgemussel glochidia (larvae) from the Delaware and Connecticut river basins was tested in laboratory experiments over 9 years. Relative suitability of three different populations of a single host fish, the tessellated darter (Etheostoma olmstedi), from locations in the Connecticut, Delaware, and Susquehanna river basins, was also tested.
  3. Connecticut River basin A. heterodon metamorphosed into juvenile mussels on tessellated darter, slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Delaware River basin mussels metamorphosed using these three species, as well as brown trout (Salmo trutta), banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus), mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), and shield darter (Percina peltata). Atlantic salmon, striped bass, and sculpins were highly effective hosts, frequently generating 5+ juveniles per fish (JPF) and metamorphosis success (MS; proportion of attaching larvae that successfully metamorphose) ≥ 0.4, and producing juveniles in repeated trials.
  4. In experiments on tessellated darters, mean JPF and MS values decreased as isolation between the mussel source (Connecticut River) and each fish source increased; mean JPF = 10.45, 6.85, 4.14, and mean MS = 0.50, 0.41, and 0.34 in Connecticut, Delaware, and Susquehanna river darters, respectively. Host suitability of individual darters was highly variable (JPF = 2–11; MS = 0.20–1.0).
  5. The results show that mussel–host fish compatibility in A. heterodon differs among Atlantic coastal rivers, and suggest that hosts including anadromous Atlantic salmon and striped bass may help sustain A. heterodon in parts of its range. Continued examination of host use variation, migratory host roles, and mussel–fish interactions in the wild is critical in conservation of A. heterodon and other vulnerable mussel species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aqc.2782","usgsCitation":"St. John White, B., Ferreri, C.P., Lellis, W.A., Wicklow, B.J., and Cole, J.C., 2017, Geographic variation in host fish use and larval metamorphosis for the endangered dwarf wedgemussel: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 27, no. 5, p. 909-918, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2782.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"909","endPage":"918","ipdsId":"IP-065108","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River basin, Delaware River basin","volume":"27","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511de4b0220bbd9a1d53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"St. John White, Barbara 0000-0001-8131-0534 bwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-0534","contributorId":141183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. John White","given":"Barbara","email":"bwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreri, C. Paola","contributorId":198094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferreri","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paola","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lellis, William A. 0000-0001-7806-2904 wlellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-2904","contributorId":2369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"William","email":"wlellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicklow, Barry J.","contributorId":198095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wicklow","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cole, Jeffrey C. 0000-0002-2477-7231 jccole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-7231","contributorId":5585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jccole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192283,"text":"70192283 - 2017 - Quarterly wildlife mortality report October 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T14:07:10.397655","indexId":"70192283","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3769,"text":"Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quarterly wildlife mortality report October 2017","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Richards, B.J., Bodenstein, B., Ballmann, A., White, C.L., and Frattaroli, L., 2017, Quarterly wildlife mortality report October 2017: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, p. 19-21.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-090698","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347203,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347200,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Resources/Publications/Newsletter/Archive"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511ce4b0220bbd9a1d51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Bryan J. 0000-0001-9955-2523 brichards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-2523","contributorId":3533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Bryan","email":"brichards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":189820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":140319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, C. LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165 clwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":4315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"clwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frattaroli, Leslie","contributorId":169550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frattaroli","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5124,"text":"Grand Teton National Park, P.O. Box 170, Moose, WY 83012","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192284,"text":"70192284 - 2017 - A effective DNA vaccine against diverse genotype J infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus strains prevalent in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T09:41:01","indexId":"70192284","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3673,"text":"Vaccine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A effective DNA vaccine against diverse genotype J infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus strains prevalent in China","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is the most important pathogen threatening the aquaculture of salmonid fish in China. In this study, a DNA vaccine, designated pIHNch-G, was constructed with the glycoprotein (G) gene of a Chinese IHNV isolate SD-12 (also called Sn1203) of genotype J. The minimal dose of vaccine required, the expression of the Mx-1 gene in the muscle (vaccine delivery site) and anterior kidney, and the titers of the neutralizing antibodies produced were used to evaluate the vaccine efficacy. To assess the potential utility of the vaccine in controlling IHNV throughout China, the cross protective efficacy of the vaccine was determined by challenging fish with a broad range of IHNV strains from different geographic locations in China. A single 100 ng dose of the vaccine conferred almost full protection to rainbow trout fry (3 g) against waterborne or intraperitoneal injection challenge with IHNV strain SD-12 as early as 4 days post-vaccination (d.p.v.), and significant protection was still observed at 180 d.p.v. Intragenogroup challenges showed that the DNA vaccine provided similar protection to the fish against all the Chinese IHNV isolates tested, suggesting that the vaccine can be widely used in China. Mx-1 gene expression was significantly upregulated in the muscle tissue (vaccine delivery site) and anterior kidney in the vaccinated rainbow trout at both 4 and 7 d.p.v. Similar levels of neutralizing antibodies were determined with each of the Chinese IHNV strains at 60 and 180 d.p.v. This DNA vaccine should play an important role in the control of IHN in China.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.047","usgsCitation":"Xu, L., Zhao, J., Liu, M., Kurath, G., Ren, G., LaPatra, S.E., Yin, J., Liu, H., Feng, J., and Lu, T., 2017, A effective DNA vaccine against diverse genotype J infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus strains prevalent in China: Vaccine, v. 35, no. 18, p. 2420-2426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.047.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2420","endPage":"2426","ipdsId":"IP-086021","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.047","text":"Publisher Index 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511ce4b0220bbd9a1d4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Liming","contributorId":198109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Liming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhao, Jingzhuang","contributorId":198110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhao","given":"Jingzhuang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Miao","contributorId":198111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Miao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ren, Guangming","contributorId":198112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ren","given":"Guangming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaPatra, Scott E.","contributorId":179323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPatra","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yin, Jiasheng","contributorId":198113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"Jiasheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Hongbai","contributorId":198114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Hongbai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Feng, Jian","contributorId":198115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feng","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lu, Tongyan","contributorId":198116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Tongyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70192268,"text":"70192268 - 2017 - Endozoicomonas dominates the gill and intestinal content microbiomes of Mytilus edulis from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T08:59:49","indexId":"70192268","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Endozoicomonas dominates the gill and intestinal content microbiomes of Mytilus edulis from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","title":"Endozoicomonas dominates the gill and intestinal content microbiomes of Mytilus edulis from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, Linnaeus 1758 from southern Barnegat Bay, New Jersey were examined to determine the make-up of the normal blue mussel microbiome. Sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA amplicons from gill and intestinal content microbiomes using the Illumina® MiSeq platform yielded 1,276,161 paired end sequence reads from the gill libraries and 1,092,333 paired end sequence reads from the intestinal content libraries. General bioinformatic analyses were conducted with the open-source packages Qiime and Mothur. Phylotype assignments to the genus level were made using the commercial One Codex platform. This resulted in 1,697,852 gill and 988,436 intestinal content sequences being classified to genus. A majority of these (67.6% and 37.2% respectively) were assigned to a single operational taxonomic unit (Mytilus edulis Symbiont, MeS) that has homologies with other recently described Endozoicomonas pathogens and symbionts of marine invertebrates. MeS shares 98% identity with an uncultured bacterium from the gill tissue of an invasive indo-Pacific oyster and with HQE1 and HQE2 isolated from the sea squirt, Styela clava. Other than MeS, most of the detected bacterial species are known from marine sediments and seawater.","language":"English","publisher":"National Shellfisheries Association","doi":"10.2983/035.036.0212","usgsCitation":"Schill, W.B., Iwanowicz, D.D., and Adams, C.R., 2017, Endozoicomonas dominates the gill and intestinal content microbiomes of Mytilus edulis from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 391-401, https://doi.org/10.2983/035.036.0212.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"401","ipdsId":"IP-074319","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Barnegat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.2840576171875,\n 39.6458824809188\n ],\n [\n -74.04373168945312,\n 39.6458824809188\n ],\n [\n -74.04373168945312,\n 39.816447680278934\n ],\n [\n -74.2840576171875,\n 39.816447680278934\n ],\n [\n -74.2840576171875,\n 39.6458824809188\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511de4b0220bbd9a1d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schill, William B. 0000-0002-9217-984X wschill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9217-984X","contributorId":2736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"William","email":"wschill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594 diwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":2253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah","email":"diwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Cynthia R. 0000-0003-4383-530X cradams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-530X","contributorId":176965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Cynthia","email":"cradams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192233,"text":"70192233 - 2017 - Remote measurement of river discharge using thermal particle image velocimetry (PIV) and various sources of bathymetric information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T12:21:45","indexId":"70192233","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote measurement of river discharge using thermal particle image velocimetry (PIV) and various sources of bathymetric information","docAbstract":"

Although river discharge is a fundamental hydrologic quantity, conventional methods of streamgaging are impractical, expensive, and potentially dangerous in remote locations. This study evaluated the potential for measuring discharge via various forms of remote sensing, primarily thermal imaging of flow velocities but also spectrally-based depth retrieval from passive optical image data. We acquired thermal image time series from bridges spanning five streams in Alaska and observed strong agreement between velocities measured in situ and those inferred by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), which quantified advection of thermal features by the flow. The resulting surface velocities were converted to depth-averaged velocities by applying site-specific, calibrated velocity indices. Field spectra from three clear-flowing streams provided strong relationships between depth and reflectance, suggesting that, under favorable conditions, spectrally-based bathymetric mapping could complement thermal PIV in a hybrid approach to remote sensing of river discharge; this strategy would not be applicable to larger, more turbid rivers, however. A more flexible and efficient alternative might involve inferring depth from thermal data based on relationships between depth and integral length scales of turbulent fluctuations in temperature, captured as variations in image brightness. We observed moderately strong correlations for a site-aggregated data set that reduced station-to-station variability but encompassed a broad range of depths. Discharges calculated using thermal PIV-derived velocities were within 15% of in situ measurements when combined with depths measured directly in the field or estimated from field spectra and within 40% when the depth information also was derived from thermal images. The results of this initial, proof-of-concept investigation suggest that remote sensing techniques could facilitate measurement of river discharge.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.09.004","usgsCitation":"Legleiter, C.J., Kinzel, P.J., and Nelson, J.M., 2017, Remote measurement of river discharge using thermal particle image velocimetry (PIV) and various sources of bathymetric information: Journal of Hydrology, v. 554, p. 490-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.09.004.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"506","ipdsId":"IP-084918","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.09.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ST7N0J","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Thermal image time series from rivers in Alaska, September 18-20, 2016"},{"id":438180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J964K7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"ADCP data from rivers in Alaska, September 18-20, 2016"},{"id":438179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M906TJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Field spectra from rivers in Alaska, September 19-21, 2016"},{"id":347224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"554","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511ee4b0220bbd9a1d64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legleiter, Carl J. 0000-0003-0940-8013 cjl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8013","contributorId":169002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"Carl","email":"cjl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192243,"text":"70192243 - 2017 - Quantifying the effects of wildfire on changes in soil properties by surface burning of soils from the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T12:14:23","indexId":"70192243","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the effects of wildfire on changes in soil properties by surface burning of soils from the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory","docAbstract":"

Study region

This study used intact soil cores collected at the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory near Boulder, Colorado, USA to explore fire impacts on soil properties.

Study focus

Three soil scenarios were considered: unburned control soils, and low- and high-temperature burned soils. We explored simulated fire impacts on field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, dry bulk density, total organic carbon, and infiltration processes during rainfall simulations.

New hydrological insights for the region

Soils burned to high temperatures became more homogeneous with depth with respect to total organic carbon and bulk density, suggesting reductions in near-surface porosity. Organic matter decreased significantly with increasing soil temperature. Tension infiltration experiments suggested a decrease in infiltration rates from unburned to low-temperature burned soils, and an increase in infiltration rates in high-temperature burned soils. Non-parametric statistical tests showed that field-saturated hydraulic conductivity similarly decreased from unburned to low-temperature burned soils, and then increased with high-temperature burned soils. We interpret these changes result from the combustion of surface and near-surface organic materials, enabling water to infiltrate directly into soil instead of being stored in the litter and duff layer at the surface. Together, these results indicate that fire-induced changes in soil properties from low temperatures were not as drastic as high temperatures, but that reductions in surface soil water repellency in high temperatures may increase infiltration relative to low temperatures.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.07.006","usgsCitation":"Wieting, C., Ebel, B.A., and Singha, K., 2017, Quantifying the effects of wildfire on changes in soil properties by surface burning of soils from the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, v. 13, p. 43-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.07.006.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-081959","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.07.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.51406860351562,\n 39.97106879292145\n ],\n [\n -105.33828735351562,\n 39.97106879292145\n ],\n [\n -105.33828735351562,\n 40.091730433255\n ],\n [\n -105.51406860351562,\n 40.091730433255\n ],\n [\n -105.51406860351562,\n 39.97106879292145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511ee4b0220bbd9a1d62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieting, Celeste","contributorId":198061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wieting","given":"Celeste","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singha, Kamini 0000-0002-0605-3774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-3774","contributorId":191366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192032,"text":"70192032 - 2017 - Arctic deep-water ferromanganese-oxide deposits reflect the unique characteristics of the Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T16:46:17","indexId":"70192032","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic deep-water ferromanganese-oxide deposits reflect the unique characteristics of the Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"

Little is known about marine mineral deposits in the Arctic Ocean, an ocean dominated by continental shelf and basins semi-closed to deep-water circulation. Here, we present data for ferromanganese crusts and nodules collected from the Amerasia Arctic Ocean in 2008, 2009, and 2012 (HLY0805, HLY0905, HLY1202). We determined mineral and chemical compositions of the crusts and nodules and the onset of their formation. Water column samples from the GEOTRACES program were analyzed for dissolved and particulate scandium concentrations, an element uniquely enriched in these deposits.

The Arctic crusts and nodules are characterized by unique mineral and chemical compositions with atypically high growth rates, detrital contents, Fe/Mn ratios, and low Si/Al ratios, compared to deposits found elsewhere. High detritus reflects erosion of submarine outcrops and North America and Siberia cratons, transport by rivers and glaciers to the sea, and distribution by sea ice, brines, and currents. Uniquely high Fe/Mn ratios are attributed to expansive continental shelves, where diagenetic cycling releases Fe to bottom waters, and density flows transport shelf bottom water to the open Arctic Ocean. Low Mn contents reflect the lack of a mid-water oxygen minimum zone that would act as a reservoir for dissolved Mn. The potential host phases and sources for elements with uniquely high contents are discussed with an emphasis on scandium. Scandium sorption onto Fe oxyhydroxides and Sc-rich detritus account for atypically high scandium contents. The opening of Fram Strait in the Miocene and ventilation of the deep basins initiated Fe-Mn crust growth ∼15 Myr ago.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017GC007186","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., Konstantinova, N., Mikesell, M., Mizell, K., Fitzsimmons, J.N., Lam, P., Jensen, L.T., Xiang, Y., Gartman, A., Cherkashov, G., Hutchinson, D., and Till, C.P., 2017, Arctic deep-water ferromanganese-oxide deposits reflect the unique characteristics of the Arctic Ocean: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 18, no. 11, p. 3771-3800, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007186.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"3771","endPage":"3800","ipdsId":"IP-086546","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gc007186","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511fe4b0220bbd9a1d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konstantinova, Natalia","contributorId":197615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konstantinova","given":"Natalia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mikesell, Mariah 0000-0001-9145-2237 mmikesell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9145-2237","contributorId":174512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikesell","given":"Mariah","email":"mmikesell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzsimmons, Jessica N.","contributorId":197616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitzsimmons","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lam, Phoebe","contributorId":197617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lam","given":"Phoebe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jensen, Laramie T.","contributorId":197618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Laramie","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Xiang, Yang","contributorId":197619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiang","given":"Yang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gartman, Amy 0000-0001-9307-3062 agartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-3062","contributorId":177057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartman","given":"Amy","email":"agartman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cherkashov, Georgy","contributorId":197620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherkashov","given":"Georgy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":174836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Till, Claire P.","contributorId":198242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Till","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70192031,"text":"70192031 - 2017 - Reconstructing the evolution of the submarine Monterey Canyon System from Os, Nd, and Pb isotopes in hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T16:45:41","indexId":"70192031","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing the evolution of the submarine Monterey Canyon System from Os, Nd, and Pb isotopes in hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts","docAbstract":"

The sources of terrestrial material delivered to the California margin over the past 7 Myr were assessed using 187Os/188Os, Nd, and Pb isotopes in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts from three seamounts along the central and southern California margin. From 6.8 to 4.5 (± 0.5) Ma, all three isotope systems show more radiogenic values at Davidson Seamount, located near the base of the Monterey Canyon System, than in Fe-Mn crusts from the more remote Taney and Hoss seamounts. At the Taney seamounts, approximately 225 km farther offshore from Davidson Seamount, 187Os/188Os values, but not Pb and Nd isotope ratios, also deviate from the Cenozoic seawater curve towards more radiogenic values from 6.8 to 4.5 (± 0.5) Ma. However, none of the isotope systems in Fe-Mn crusts deviate from seawater at Hoss Seamount located approximately 450 km to the south. The regional gradients in isotope ratios indicate that substantial input of dissolved and particulate terrestrial material into the Monterey Canyon System is responsible for the local deviations in the seawater Nd, Pb, and Os isotope compositions from 6.8 to 4.5 (± 0.5) Ma. The isotope ratios recorded in Fe-Mn crusts are consistent with a southern Sierra Nevada or western Basin and Range provenance of the terrestrial material which was delivered by rivers to the canyon. The exhumation of the modern Monterey Canyon must have begun between 10 and 6.8 ± 0.5 Ma, as indicated by our data, the age of incised strata, and paleo-location of the Monterey Canyon relative to the paleo-coastline.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017GC007071","usgsCitation":"Conrad, T., Nielsen, S., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Blusztajn, J., Winslow, D., Hein, J.R., and Paytan, A., 2017, Reconstructing the evolution of the submarine Monterey Canyon System from Os, Nd, and Pb isotopes in hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 18, no. 11, p. 3946-3963, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007071.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3946","endPage":"3963","ipdsId":"IP-088314","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gc007071","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -126,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -126,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511fe4b0220bbd9a1d71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrad, T.A.","contributorId":21791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, S.G.","contributorId":49171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard 0000-0002-3819-992X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-992X","contributorId":78657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink","given":"Bernhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blusztajn, J.","contributorId":16639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blusztajn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winslow, D.","contributorId":197613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winslow","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70192094,"text":"70192094 - 2017 - Estimation and uncertainty of recent carbon accumulation and vertical accretion in drained and undrained forested peatlands of the southeastern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T14:08:09","indexId":"70192094","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation and uncertainty of recent carbon accumulation and vertical accretion in drained and undrained forested peatlands of the southeastern USA","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this study was to determine how drainage impacts carbon densities and recent rates (past 50 years) of vertical accretion and carbon accumulation in southeastern forested peatlands. We compared these parameters in drained maple-gum (MAPL), Atlantic white cedar (CDR), and pocosin (POC) communities in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GDS) of Virginia/North Carolina and in an intact (undrained) CDR swamp in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge (AR) of North Carolina. Peat cores were analyzed for bulk density, percent organic carbon, and 137Cs and 210Pb. An uncertainty analysis of both 137Cs and 210Pb approaches was used to constrain error at least partially related to mobility of both radioisotopes. GDS peats had lower porosities (89.6% (SD = 1.71) versus 95.3% (0.18)) and higher carbon densities (0.082 (0.021) versus 0.037 (0.009) g C cm−3) than AR. Vertical accretion rates (0.10–0.56 cm yr−1) were used to estimate a time period of ~84–362 years for reestablishment of peat lost during the 2011 Lateral West fire at the GDS. Carbon accumulation rates ranged from 51 to 389 g C m−2 yr−1 for all sites. In the drained (GDS) versus intact (AR) CDR sites, carbon accumulation rates were similar with 137Cs (87GDS versus 92AR g C m−2 yr−1) and somewhat less at the GDS than AR as determined with 210Pb (111GDS versus 159AR g C m−2 yr−1). Heightened productivity and high polyphenol content of peat may be responsible for similar rates of carbon accumulation in both drained and intact CDR peatlands.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017JG003950","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J.Z., Fuller, C.C., Orlando, J.L., Salas, A., Wurster, F.C., and Duberstein, J., 2017, Estimation and uncertainty of recent carbon accumulation and vertical accretion in drained and undrained forested peatlands of the southeastern USA: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 122, no. 10, p. 2563-2579, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003950.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2563","endPage":"2579","ipdsId":"IP-087162","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jg003950","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Alligator Rivers National Wildlife Refuge, Great Dismal Swamp Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.5582275390625,\n 36.43233216371692\n ],\n [\n -76.34811401367188,\n 36.43233216371692\n ],\n [\n -76.34811401367188,\n 36.76969233214548\n ],\n [\n -76.5582275390625,\n 36.76969233214548\n ],\n [\n -76.5582275390625,\n 36.43233216371692\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9167,\n 35.8167\n ],\n [\n -75.8917,\n 35.8167\n ],\n [\n -75.8917,\n 35.85\n ],\n [\n -75.9167,\n 35.85\n ],\n [\n -75.9167,\n 35.8167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511fe4b0220bbd9a1d6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221 jorlando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":190788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James","email":"jorlando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salas, Antonia 0000-0002-5163-4105 asalas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5163-4105","contributorId":194433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salas","given":"Antonia","email":"asalas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wurster, Frederic C. 0000-0002-5393-2878 fred_wurster@fws.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5393-2878","contributorId":74301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wurster","given":"Frederic","email":"fred_wurster@fws.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duberstein, Jamie A.","contributorId":91007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duberstein","given":"Jamie A.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191347,"text":"sir20175120 - 2017 - Assessment of an in-channel redistribution technique for large woody debris management in Locust Creek, Linn County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T10:10:26","indexId":"sir20175120","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5120","title":"Assessment of an in-channel redistribution technique for large woody debris management in Locust Creek, Linn County, Missouri","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation and Missouri Department of Natural Resources, completed a study to assess a mechanical redistribution technique used for the management of large woody debris (LWD) jams in Locust Creek within Pershing State Park and Fountain Grove Conservation Area, Linn County, Missouri. Extensive LWD jams were treated from 1996 to 2009 using a low-impact technique in which LWD from the jams was redistributed to reopen the channel and to mimic the natural geomorphic process of channel migration and adjustment to an obstruction. The scope of the study included the comparison of selected channel geometry characteristics and bed material particle-size distribution in seven LWD treatment reaches with that of adjacent untreated reaches (unaffected by LWD accumulations) of Locust Creek. A comparison of 1996 and 2015 survey cross sections in treated and untreated reaches and photograph documentation were used to assess channel geomorphic change and the stability of redistributed LWD. The physical characteristics of LWD within jams present in the study reach during 2015–16 also were documented.

Based on the general lack of differences in channel metrics between treated and untreated reaches, it can be concluded that the mechanical redistribution technique has been an effective treatment of extensive LWD jams in Locust Creek. Channel alterations, including aggradation, streamflow piracy, and diversions, have resulted in temporal and spatial changes in the Locust Creek channel that may affect future applications of the redistribution technique in Pershing State Park. The redistribution technique was used to effectively manage LWD in Locust Creek at a potentially lower financial cost and reduced environmental disturbance than the complete removal of LWD.

A comparison of four channel metrics (bankfull cross-sectional area, channel width, streamflow capacity, and width-depth ratio) for individual treatment reaches with adjacent untreated reaches indicated no statistically significant difference in most comparisons. Where statistically significant differences in channel metrics were determined between individual reaches, the channel metrics in treatment reaches were significantly less than adjacent untreated reaches in some comparisons, and significantly greater than adjacent untreated reaches in others. Without immediate posttreatment cross sections in treated and untreated reaches for comparison, it is impossible to say with certainty that a lack of significant differences in channel metrics is a result of posttreatment channel adjustment or, conversely, that any significant differences that remain are a result of the treatment of LWD.

Characteristics of LWD in accumulations sampled within the study area in 2015 indicate that most sampled pieces were in the 1–2 foot diameter size class, the 5–16 foot length class, and the advanced decay class. Most of documented LWD pieces were loose and not buried, about 20 percent on average had a root wad attached, and about 6.5 percent on average were sawn logs. Most of sampled material was less than one-half of the bankfull channel width, indicating it was easily transportable, and the advanced decay class of material entering the study area indicated that it was likely sourced from outside of Pershing State Park.

Redistributed LWD associated with treatment seems to be intact in the 1996 treated reaches from direct observation and from inference because there was net channel aggradation between 1996 and 2015 in comparison surveys. The change in channel area resulting from aggradation in time (1996 to 2015) in treated and untreated reaches exceeded the differences in channel characteristics between the treated and untreated channels in 2015 surveys.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources and the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., 2017, Assessment of an in-channel redistribution technique for large woody debris management in Locust Creek, Linn County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5120, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175120.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 25 p.; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088058","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347231,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5120/sir20175120_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"64.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5120 Table 4"},{"id":347232,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5120/sir20175120_table6.xlsx","text":"Table 6","size":"26.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5120 Table 6"},{"id":347229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5120/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":347230,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5120/sir20175120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5120"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Linn County","otherGeospatial":"Locust Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.8474,40.0392],[-92.8607,39.7009],[-92.9737,39.7033],[-93.0843,39.7069],[-93.1997,39.704],[-93.2595,39.7037],[-93.3067,39.7038],[-93.3683,39.7039],[-93.3643,39.9678],[-93.3638,40.0335],[-92.8534,40.0392],[-92.8474,40.0392]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Linn\",\"state\":\"MO\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-10-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05120e4b0220bbd9a1d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192110,"text":"70192110 - 2017 - Micronuclei and other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in fishes from the Great Lakes Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T15:28:18","indexId":"70192110","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5524,"text":"Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Micronuclei and other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in fishes from the Great Lakes Basin, USA","docAbstract":"

Biological markers (biomarkers) sensitive to genotoxic and mutagenic contamination in fishes are widely used to identify exposure effects in aquatic environments. The micronucleus assay was incorporated into a suite of indicators to assess exposure to genotoxic and mutagenic contamination at five Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs), as well as one non-AOC (reference) site. The assay allowed enumeration of micronuclei as well as other nuclear abnormalities for both site and species comparisons. Erythrocyte abnormality data was also compared to skin and liver tumor prevalence and hepatic transcript abundance. Erythrocyte abnormalities were observed at all sites with variable occurrence and severity among sites and species. Benthic-oriented brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) expressed lower rates of erythrocyte abnormalities, but higher rates of skin and liver neoplasms, when compared to pelagic-oriented largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) or smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) at the same site. The reduced erythrocyte abnormalities, increased transcript abundance associated with Phase I and II toxicant responsive pathways, and increased neoplastic lesions among benthic-oriented taxa may indicate the development of contaminant resistance of these species to more acute effects.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/em.22123","usgsCitation":"Braham, R.P., Blazer, V., Shaw, C., and Mazik, P.M., 2017, Micronuclei and other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in fishes from the Great Lakes Basin, USA: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, v. 58, no. 8, p. 570-581, https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22123.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"570","endPage":"581","ipdsId":"IP-084355","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22123","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 41.44272637767212\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffa3e4b0220bbd988f61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braham, Ryan P. 0000-0002-2102-0989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-0989","contributorId":197772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braham","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaw, Cassidy H. 0000-0003-2639-1241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2639-1241","contributorId":197773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Cassidy H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":714275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192118,"text":"70192118 - 2017 - New biotite and muscovite isotopic reference materials, USGS57 and USGS58, for δ2H measurements–A replacement for NBS 30","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T15:05:09","indexId":"70192118","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New biotite and muscovite isotopic reference materials, USGS57 and USGS58, for δ2H measurements–A replacement for NBS 30","docAbstract":"

The advent of continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) coupled with a high temperature conversion (HTC) system enabled faster, more cost effective, and more precise δ2H analysis of hydrogen-bearing solids. Accurate hydrogen isotopic analysis by on-line or off-line techniques requires appropriate isotopic reference materials (RMs). A strategy of two-point calibrations spanning δ2H range of the unknowns using two RMs is recommended. Unfortunately, the supply of the previously widely used isotopic RM, NBS 30 biotite, is exhausted. In addition, recent measurements have shown that the determination of δ2H values of NBS 30 biotite on the VSMOW-SLAP isotope-delta scale by on-line HTC systems with CF-IRMS may be unreliable because hydrogen in this biotite may not be converted quantitatively to molecular hydrogen. The δ2HVSMOW-SLAP values of NBS 30 biotite analyzed by on-line HTC systems can be as much as 21 mUr (or ‰) too positive compared to the accepted value of − 65.7 mUr, determined by only a few conventional off-line measurements. To ensure accurate and traceable on-line hydrogen isotope-ratio determinations in mineral samples, we here propose two isotopically homogeneous, hydrous mineral RMs with well-characterized isotope-ratio values, which are urgently needed. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has prepared two such RMs, USGS57 biotite and USGS58 muscovite. The δ2H values were determined by both glassy carbon-based on-line conversion and chromium-based on-line conversion, and results were confirmed by off-line conversion. The quantitative conversion of hydrogen from the two RMs using the on-line HTC method was carefully evaluated in this study. The isotopic compositions of these new RMs with 1-σ uncertainties and mass fractions of hydrogen are:

USGS57 (biotite)

δ2HVSMOW-SLAP = − 91.5 ± 2.4 mUr (n = 24)

Mass fraction hydrogen = 0.416 ± 0.002% (n = 4)

Mass fraction water = 3.74 ± 0.02% (n = 4)

USGS58 (muscovite)

δ2HVSMOW-SLAP = − 28.4 ± 1.6 mUr (n = 24)

Mass fraction hydrogen = 0.448 ± 0.002% (n = 4)

Mass fraction water = 4.03 ± 0.02% (n = 4).

These δ2HVSMOW-SLAP values encompass typical ranges for solid unknowns of crustal and mantle origin and are available to users for recommended two-point calibration.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.07.027","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., Gehre, M., Vennemann, T.W., Brand, W.A., Geilmann, H., Olack, G., Bindeman, I.N., Palandri, J., Huang, L., and Longstaffe, F.J., 2017, New biotite and muscovite isotopic reference materials, USGS57 and USGS58, for δ2H measurements–A replacement for NBS 30: Chemical Geology, v. 467, p. 89-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.07.027.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"99","ipdsId":"IP-088663","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/62344","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"467","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffa2e4b0220bbd988f5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gehre, Matthias","contributorId":34004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehre","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vennemann, Torsten W.","contributorId":190168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vennemann","given":"Torsten","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":33091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geilmann, Heike","contributorId":41303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geilmann","given":"Heike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olack, Gerard","contributorId":190167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olack","given":"Gerard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bindeman, Ilya N.","contributorId":175500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bindeman","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Palandri, Jim","contributorId":197781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palandri","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Huang, Li","contributorId":197782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Li","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Longstaffe, Fred J.","contributorId":197783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longstaffe","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70192216,"text":"70192216 - 2017 - Accounting for orphaned aftershocks in the earthquake background rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T13:27:53","indexId":"70192216","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for orphaned aftershocks in the earthquake background rate","docAbstract":"

Aftershocks often occur within cascades of triggered seismicity in which each generation of aftershocks triggers an additional generation, and so on. The rate of earthquakes in any particular generation follows Omori's law, going approximately as 1/t. This function decays rapidly, but is heavy-tailed, and aftershock sequences may persist for long times at a rate that is difficult to discriminate from background. It is likely that some apparently spontaneous earthquakes in the observational catalogue are orphaned aftershocks of long-past main shocks. To assess the relative proportion of orphaned aftershocks in the apparent background rate, I develop an extension of the ETAS model that explicitly includes the expected contribution of orphaned aftershocks to the apparent background rate. Applying this model to California, I find that the apparent background rate can be almost entirely attributed to orphaned aftershocks, depending on the assumed duration of an aftershock sequence. This implies an earthquake cascade with a branching ratio (the average number of directly triggered aftershocks per main shock) of nearly unity. In physical terms, this implies that very few earthquakes are completely isolated from the perturbing effects of other earthquakes within the fault system. Accounting for orphaned aftershocks in the ETAS model gives more accurate estimates of the true background rate, and more realistic expectations for long-term seismicity patterns.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggx329","usgsCitation":"van der Elst, N., 2017, Accounting for orphaned aftershocks in the earthquake background rate: Geophysical Journal International, v. 211, no. 2, p. 1108-1118, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx329.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1108","endPage":"1118","ipdsId":"IP-072957","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeff9ee4b0220bbd988f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van der Elst, Nicholas 0000-0002-3812-1153 nvanderelst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3812-1153","contributorId":147858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Elst","given":"Nicholas","email":"nvanderelst@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192212,"text":"70192212 - 2017 - Seasonality of stable isotope composition of atmospheric water input at the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T13:30:53","indexId":"70192212","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonality of stable isotope composition of atmospheric water input at the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania","docAbstract":"

To understand the moisture regime at the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, we analysed the isotopic variability of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) of rainfall, throughfall, and fog from a total of 2,140 samples collected weekly over 2 years at 9 study sites along an elevation transect ranging from 950 to 3,880 m above sea level. Precipitation in the Kilimanjaro tropical rainforests consists of a combination of rainfall, throughfall, and fog. We defined local meteoric water lines for all 3 precipitation types individually and the overall precipitation, δDprec = 7.45 (±0.05) × δ18Oprec + 13.61 (±0.20), n = 2,140, R2 = .91, p < .001. We investigated the precipitation-type-specific stable isotope composition and analysed the effects of amount, altitude, and temperature. Aggregated annual mean values revealed isotope composition of rainfall as most depleted and fog water as most enriched in heavy isotopes at the highest elevation research site. We found an altitude effect of δ18Orain = −0.11‰ × 100 m−1, which varied according to precipitation type and season. The relatively weak isotope or altitude gradient may reveal 2 different moisture sources in the research area: (a) local moisture recycling and (b) regional moisture sources. Generally, the seasonality of δ18Orain values follows the bimodal rainfall distribution under the influences of south- and north-easterly trade winds. These seasonal patterns of isotopic composition were linked to different regional moisture sources by analysing Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory backward trajectories. Seasonality of dexcess values revealed evidence of enhanced moisture recycling after the onset of the rainy seasons. This comprehensive dataset is essential for further research using stable isotopes as a hydrological tracer of sources of precipitation that contribute to water resources of the Kilimanjaro region.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.11311","usgsCitation":"Otte, I., Detsch, F., Gutlein, A., Scholl, M.A., Kiese, R., Appelhans, T., and Nauss, T., 2017, Seasonality of stable isotope composition of atmospheric water input at the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: Hydrological Processes, v. 31, no. 22, p. 3932-3947, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11311.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3932","endPage":"3947","ipdsId":"IP-089904","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11311","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Kilimanjaro","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 37.14202880859375,\n -3.2412964891479614\n ],\n [\n 37.57530212402344,\n -3.2412964891479614\n ],\n [\n 37.57530212402344,\n -2.956069891317356\n ],\n [\n 37.14202880859375,\n -2.956069891317356\n ],\n [\n 37.14202880859375,\n -3.2412964891479614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffa0e4b0220bbd988f4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otte, Insa","contributorId":198023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otte","given":"Insa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detsch, Florian","contributorId":198024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Detsch","given":"Florian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gutlein, Adrian","contributorId":198025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutlein","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kiese, Ralf","contributorId":198026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiese","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Appelhans, Tim","contributorId":198027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Appelhans","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nauss, Thomas","contributorId":198028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nauss","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70192151,"text":"70192151 - 2017 - Using paired in situ high frequency nitrate measurements to better understand controls on nitrate concentrations and estimate nitrification rates in a wastewater-impacted river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T16:19:22","indexId":"70192151","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using paired in situ high frequency nitrate measurements to better understand controls on nitrate concentrations and estimate nitrification rates in a wastewater-impacted river","docAbstract":"

We used paired continuous nitrate ( \"math) measurements along a tidally affected river receiving wastewater discharge rich in ammonium ( \"math) to quantify rates of change in \"math concentration ( \"math) and estimate nitrification rates. \"math sensors were deployed 30 km apart in the Sacramento River, California (USA), with the upstream station located immediately above the regional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). We used a travel time model to track water transit between the stations and estimated \"math every 15 min (October 2013 to September 2014). Changes in \"mathconcentration were strongly related to water temperature. In the presence of wastewater, \"mathwas generally positive, ranging from about 7 µM d−1 in the summer to near zero in the winter. Numerous periods when the WWTP halted discharge allowed the \"math to be estimated under no-effluent conditions and revealed that in the absence of effluent, net gains in \"math were substantially lower but still positive in the summer and negative (net sink) in the winter. Nitrification rates of effluent-derived NH4 ( \"math) were estimated from the difference between \"math measured in the presence versus absence of effluent and ranged from 1.5 to 3.4 µM d−1, which is within literature values but tenfold greater than recently reported for this region. \"math was generally lower in winter (∼2 µM d−1) than summer (∼3 µM d−1). This in situ, high frequency approach provides advantages over traditional discrete sampling, incubation, and tracer methods and allows measurements to be made over broad areas for extended periods of time. Incorporating this approach into environmental monitoring programs can facilitate our ability to protect and manage aquatic systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017WR020670","usgsCitation":"Kraus, T.E., O’Donnell, K., Downing, B.D., Burau, J.R., and Bergamaschi, B.A., 2017, Using paired in situ high frequency nitrate measurements to better understand controls on nitrate concentrations and estimate nitrification rates in a wastewater-impacted river: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 10, p. 8423-8442, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020670.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"8423","endPage":"8442","ipdsId":"IP-078919","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017wr020670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","volume":"53","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffa2e4b0220bbd988f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E. C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":147560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Donnell, Katy 0000-0003-2323-8970 kodonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-8970","contributorId":5640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Katy","email":"kodonnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192182,"text":"70192182 - 2017 - Interannual variation in methane emissions from tropical wetlands triggered by repeated El Niño Southern Oscillation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-22T16:53:19","indexId":"70192182","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual variation in methane emissions from tropical wetlands triggered by repeated El Niño Southern Oscillation","docAbstract":"

Methane (CH4) emissions from tropical wetlands contribute 60%–80% of global natural wetland CH4 emissions. Decreased wetland CH4 emissions can act as a negative feedback mechanism for future climate warming and vice versa. The impact of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on CH4 emissions from wetlands remains poorly quantified at both regional and global scales, and El Niño events are expected to become more severe based on climate models’ projections. We use a process-based model of global wetland CH4 emissions to investigate the impacts of the ENSO on CH4 emissions in tropical wetlands for the period from 1950 to 2012. The results show that CH4 emissions from tropical wetlands respond strongly to repeated ENSO events, with negative anomalies occurring during El Niño periods and with positive anomalies occurring during La Niña periods. An approximately 8-month time lag was detected between tropical wetland CH4 emissions and ENSO events, which was caused by the combined time lag effects of ENSO events on precipitation and temperature over tropical wetlands. The ENSO can explain 49% of interannual variations for tropical wetland CH4 emissions. Furthermore, relative to neutral years, changes in temperature have much stronger effects on tropical wetland CH4 emissions than the changes in precipitation during ENSO periods. The occurrence of several El Niño events contributed to a lower decadal mean growth rate in atmospheric CH4 concentrations throughout the 1980s and 1990s and to stable atmospheric CH4 concentrations from 1999 to 2006, resulting in negative feedback to global warming.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13726","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Q., Peng, C., Ciais, P., Jiang, H., Liu, J., Bousquet, P., Li, S., Chang, J., Fang, X., Zhou, X., Chen, H., Liu, S., Lin, G., Gong, P., Wang, M., Wang, H., Xiang, W., and Chen, J., 2017, Interannual variation in methane emissions from tropical wetlands triggered by repeated El Niño Southern Oscillation: Global Change Biology, v. 23, no. 11, p. 4706-4716, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13726.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4706","endPage":"4716","ipdsId":"IP-066965","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59edae09e4b0220bbd975830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Qiuan","contributorId":197933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Qiuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6613,"text":"Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6612,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, Changhui","contributorId":197932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"Changhui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6613,"text":"Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6612,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ciais, Philippe 0000-0001-8560-4943","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-4943","contributorId":197934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ciais","given":"Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35082,"text":"LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ IPSL, Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jiang, Hong","contributorId":175217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27538,"text":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210093","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bousquet, Philippe","contributorId":197935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bousquet","given":"Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35082,"text":"LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ IPSL, Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Shiqin","contributorId":197940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Shiqin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6612,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chang, Jie","contributorId":177298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35088,"text":"College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fang, Xiuqin","contributorId":197936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"Xiuqin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6614,"text":"School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6613,"text":"Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zhou, Xiaolu","contributorId":197937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Xiaolu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6613,"text":"Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Chen, Huai","contributorId":172942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Huai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27125,"text":"State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Framing, NW A&F Unv, Yangling, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Liu, Shirong","contributorId":197938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Shirong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35084,"text":"Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lin, Guanghui","contributorId":177296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Guanghui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25577,"text":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Gong, Peng","contributorId":197939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gong","given":"Peng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25577,"text":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wang, Meng","contributorId":177297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Meng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6612,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wang, Han","contributorId":196020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Han","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6612,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Xiang, Wenhua","contributorId":177300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiang","given":"Wenhua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35087,"text":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Chen, Jing","contributorId":192654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jing","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70192180,"text":"70192180 - 2017 - The effect of aluminium and sodium impurities on the in vitro toxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of cristobalite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-22T17:11:03","indexId":"70192180","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of aluminium and sodium impurities on the in vitro toxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of cristobalite","docAbstract":"

Background

Exposure to crystalline silica (SiO2), in the form of quartz, tridymite or cristobalite, can cause respiratory diseases, such as silicosis. However, the observed toxicity and pathogenicity of crystalline silica is highly variable. This has been attributed to a number of inherent and external factors, including the presence of impurities. In cristobalite-rich dusts, substitutions of aluminium (Al) for silicon (Si) in the cristobalite structure, and impurities occluding the silica surface, have been hypothesised to decrease its toxicity. This hypothesis is tested here through the characterisation and in vitro toxicological study of synthesised cristobalite with incremental amounts of Al and sodium (Na) dopants.

 

Methods

Samples of synthetic cristobalite with incremental amounts of Al and Na impurities, and tridymite, were produced through heating of a silica sol-gel. Samples were characterised for mineralogy, cristobalite purity and abundance, particle size, surface area and surface charge. In vitro assays assessed the ability of the samples to induce cytotoxicity and TNF-α production in J774 macrophages, and haemolysis of red blood cells.

 

Results

Al-only doped or Al+Na co-doped cristobalite contained between 1 and 4 oxide wt% Al and Na within its structure. Co-doped samples also contained Al- and Na-rich phases, such as albite. Doping reduced cytotoxicity to J774 macrophages and haemolytic capacity compared to non-doped samples. Al-only doping was more effective at decreasing cristobalite reactivity than Al+Na co-doping. The reduction in the reactivity of cristobalite is attributed to both structural impurities and a lower abundance of crystalline silica in doped samples. Neither non-doped nor doped crystalline silica induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in J774 macrophages.

 

Conclusions

Impurities can reduce the toxic potential of cristobalite and may help explain the low reactivity of some cristobalite-rich dusts. Whilst further work is required to determine if these effects translate to altered pathogenesis, the results have potential implications for the regulation of crystalline silica exposures.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.054","usgsCitation":"Nattrass, C., Horwell, C.J., Damby, D., Brown, D., and Stone, V., 2017, The effect of aluminium and sodium impurities on the in vitro toxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of cristobalite: Environmental Research, v. 159, p. 164-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.054.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"175","ipdsId":"IP-085436","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.054","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59edae0ce4b0220bbd975832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nattrass, C.","contributorId":197929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nattrass","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16770,"text":"Dept. Earth Sciences, Durham University, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horwell, Claire J.","contributorId":177455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horwell","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16770,"text":"Dept. Earth Sciences, Durham University, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damby, David 0000-0002-3238-3961 ddamby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-3961","contributorId":177453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damby","given":"David","email":"ddamby@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, David","contributorId":197930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33119,"text":"Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, Vicki","contributorId":197931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Vicki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33119,"text":"Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}