Constructed islands with adequate nesting cover provide secure nesting sites for ducks because islands restrict access by mammalian predators. These islands are costly to construct and should be placed in areas that ensure the greatest use by nesting ducks. We studied mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and gadwall (A. strepera) nesting on constructed islands in North Dakota in 1996 (n = 20) and 1997 (n = 22) to evaluate factors—particularly amount of perennial grass cover in the surrounding landscape and density of breeding pairs—that possibly influence numbers of initiated nests. We also examined effects of island characteristics, such as island vegetation, on numbers of nests. Numbers of mallard and gadwall nests on islands were negatively related to amounts of perennial grass cover in the surrounding uplands. Numbers of mallard nests were positively related to percentages of tall dense cover on islands. We found no effects of breeding-pair density on numbers of nests initiated by either species, possibly because breeding pairs were abundant on all study sites. Percent shrub cover on islands was a better predictor of island use than was percent tall dense cover. Island use by these species increased with island age and distance from mainland shore. Amounts of perennial cover in landscapes should be primary considerations in determining where to build islands. Our data suggest that use of islands by nesting mallards and gadwalls is greatest in landscapes with little perennial grass cover (i.e., high amounts of cropland). Other researchers documented a positive relation between nest success in upland covers and amount of perennial grass cover in the landscape. Therefore, islands constructed in landscapes with little perennial cover should provide greater gains in duck recruitment rates than islands constructed in landscapes with greater amounts of perennial grass cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[129:DOMAGN]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, T.L., Dahl, A.L., Reynolds, R.E., Baer, K.L., Johnson, M.A., and Sargeant, G.A., 2006, Determinants of mallard and gadwall nesting on constructed islands in North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 1, p. 129-137, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[129:DOMAGN]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"137","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6679ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahl, Ann L.","contributorId":15278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baer, Kathy L.","contributorId":174788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baer","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michael A.","contributorId":174789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sargeant, Glen A. 0000-0003-3845-8503 gsargeant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-8503","contributorId":1301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"Glen","email":"gsargeant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030561,"text":"70030561 - 2006 - Uranyl adsorption and surface speciation at the imogolite-water interface: Self-consistent spectroscopic and surface complexation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:23:48","indexId":"70030561","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranyl adsorption and surface speciation at the imogolite-water interface: Self-consistent spectroscopic and surface complexation models","docAbstract":"Macro- and molecular-scale knowledge of uranyl (U(VI)) partitioning reactions with soil/sediment mineral components is important in predicting U(VI) transport processes in the vadose zone and aquifers. In this study, U(VI) reactivity and surface speciation on a poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral, synthetic imogolite, were investigated using batch adsorption experiments, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and surface complexation modeling. U(VI) uptake on imogolite surfaces was greatest at pH ∼7–8 (I = 0.1 M NaNO3 solution, suspension density = 0.4 g/L [U(VI)]i = 0.01–30 μM, equilibration with air). Uranyl uptake decreased with increasing sodium nitrate concentration in the range from 0.02 to 0.5 M. XAS analyses show that two U(VI) inner-sphere (bidentate mononuclear coordination on outer-wall aluminol groups) and one outer-sphere surface species are present on the imogolite surface, and the distribution of the surface species is pH dependent. At pH 8.8, bis-carbonato inner-sphere and tris-carbonato outer-sphere surface species are present. At pH 7, bis- and non-carbonato inner-sphere surface species co-exist, and the fraction of bis-carbonato species increases slightly with increasing I (0.1–0.5 M). At pH 5.3, U(VI) non-carbonato bidentate mononuclear surface species predominate (69%). A triple layer surface complexation model was developed with surface species that are consistent with the XAS analyses and macroscopic adsorption data. The proton stoichiometry of surface reactions was determined from both the pH dependence of U(VI) adsorption data in pH regions of surface species predominance and from bond-valence calculations. The bis-carbonato species required a distribution of surface charge between the surface and β charge planes in order to be consistent with both the spectroscopic and macroscopic adsorption data. This research indicates that U(VI)-carbonato ternary species on poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral surfaces may be important in controlling U(VI) mobility in low-temperature geochemical environments over a wide pH range (∼5–9), even at the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of ambient air (pCO2 = 10−3.45 atm).
Simulation modeling was used to reconstruct Black-browed Albatross (Diomedea melanophris) population trends. Close approximations to observed data were accomplished by annually varying survival rates, reproductive success, and probabilities of returning to breed given success in previous years. The temporal shift in annual values coincided with the start of longline fishing at South Georgia and potential changes in krill abundance. We used 23 years of demographic data from long-term studies of a breeding colony of this species at Bird Island, South Georgia, to validate our model. When we used annual parameter estimates for survival, reproductive success, and probabilities of returning to breed given success in previous years, our model trajectory closely followed the observed changes in breeding population size over time. Population growth rate was below replacement (lambda < 1) in most years and was most sensitive to changes in adult survival. This supports the recent IUCN uplisting of this species from “Vulnerable” to “Endangered.” Comparison of pre-1988 and post-1988 demography (before and after the inception of a longline fishery in the breeding area) reveals a decrease in lambda from 0.963 to 0.910. A life table response experiment (LTRE) showed that this decline in lambda was caused mostly by declines in survival of adults. If 1988–1998 demographic rates are maintained, the model predicts a 98% chance of a population of fewer than 25 pairs within 78 years. For this population to recover to a status under which it could be “delisted,” a 10% increase in survival of all age classes would be needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-5340","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Arnold, J., Brault, S., and Croxall, J., 2006, Albatross populations in peril: A population trajectory for Black-browed Albatrosses at South Georgia: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 1, p. 419-432, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5340.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"432","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e953e4b0c8380cd481e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, J.M.","contributorId":84489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brault, Solange","contributorId":29633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brault","given":"Solange","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croxall, J.P.","contributorId":88555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croxall","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175551,"text":"70175551 - 2006 - Implications of mitochondrial DNA polyphyly in two ecologically undifferentiated but morphologically distinct migratory birds, the masked and white-browed woodswallows Artamus spp. of inland Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:58:00","indexId":"70175551","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of mitochondrial DNA polyphyly in two ecologically undifferentiated but morphologically distinct migratory birds, the masked and white-browed woodswallows Artamus spp. of inland Australia","docAbstract":"The white-browed woodswallow Artamus superciliosus and masked woodswallow A. personatus(Passeriformes: Artamidae) are members of Australia's diverse arid- and semi-arid zone avifauna. Widely sympatric and among Australia's relatively few obligate long-distance temperate-tropical migrants, the two are well differentiated morphologically but not ecologically and vocally. They are pair breeders unlike other Artamus species, which are at least facultative cooperative breeders. For these reasons they are an excellent case in which to use molecular data in integrative study of their evolution from ecological and biogeographical perspectives. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to test whether they are each other's closest relatives, whether they evolved migration independently, whether they have molecular signatures of population expansions like some other Australian arid zone birds, and to estimate the timing of any inferred population expansions. Their mtDNAs are monophyletic with respect to other species of Artamusbut polyphyletic with respect to each other. The two species appear not to have evolved migration independently of each other but their morphological and mtDNA evolution have been strongly decoupled. Some level of hybridization and introgression cannot be dismissed outright as being involved in their mtDNA polyphyly but incomplete sorting of their most recent common ancestor's mtDNA is a simpler explanation consistent with their ecology. Bayesian phylogenetic inference and analyses of diversity within the two species (n=77) with conventional diversity statistics, statistical parsimony, and tests for population expansion vs stability (Tajima's D, Fu's Fsand Ramos-Onsin and Rozas's R2) all favour recent population increases. However, a non-starlike network suggests expansion(s) relatively early in the Pleistocene. Repeated population bottlenecks corresponding with multiple peaks of Pleistocene aridity could explain our findings, which add a new dimension to accruing data on the effects of Pleistocene aridity on the Australian biota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0908-8857.2006.03767.x","usgsCitation":"Joseph, L., Wilke, T., Ten Have, J., and Chesser, R., 2006, Implications of mitochondrial DNA polyphyly in two ecologically undifferentiated but morphologically distinct migratory birds, the masked and white-browed woodswallows Artamus spp. of inland Australia: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 37, no. 6, p. 625-636, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2006.03767.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"636","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43952e4b03bcb01039ffe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Leo","contributorId":173726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joseph","given":"Leo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilke, Thomas","contributorId":173727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilke","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ten Have, Jose","contributorId":173728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ten Have","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092 tchesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","email":"tchesser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030540,"text":"70030540 - 2006 - The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030540","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California","docAbstract":"Fire is known to facilitate the invasion of many non-native plant species, but how invasion into burnt areas varies along environmental gradients is not well-understood. We used two pre-existing data sets to analyse patterns of invasion by non-native plant species into burnt areas along gradients of topography, soil and vegetation structure in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. A total of 46 non-native species (all herbaceous) were recorded in the two data sets. They occurred in all seven of the major plant formations in the park, but were least common in subalpine and upper montane conifer forests. There was no significant difference in species richness or cover of non-natives between burnt and unburnt areas for either data set, and environmental gradients had a stronger effect on patterns of non-native species distribution, abundance and species composition than burning. Cover and species richness of non-natives had significant positive correlations with slope (steepness) and herbaceous cover, while species richness had significant negative correlations with elevation, the number of years post-burn, and cover of woody vegetation. Non-native species comprised a relatively minor component of the vegetation in both burnt and unburnt areas in Yosemite (percentage species Combining double low line 4%, mean cover < 6.0%), and those species that did occur in burnt areas tended not to persist over time. The results indicate that in many western montane ecosystems, fire alone will not necessarily result in increased rates of invasion into burnt areas. However, it would be premature to conclude that non-native species could not affect post-fire succession patterns in these systems. Short fire-return intervals and high fire severity coupled with increased propagule pressure from areas used heavily by humans could still lead to high rates of invasion, establishment and spread even in highly protected areas such as Yosemite. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Klinger, R., Underwood, E., and Moore, P., 2006, The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California: Diversity and Distributions, v. 12, no. 2, p. 139-156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x.","startPage":"139","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477415,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8ph7j24w","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212073,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x"},{"id":239490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6ae4b08c986b324794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klinger, R.","contributorId":78493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, E.C.","contributorId":47134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, P.E.","contributorId":57395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030532,"text":"70030532 - 2006 - Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030532","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","docAbstract":"We present new high-resolution proxy data for the Holocene history of drift ice off Iceland based on the mineralogy of the <2-mm sediment fraction using quantitative X-ray diffraction. These new data, bolstered by a comparison with published proxy records, point to a long-term increasing trend in drift ice input into the North Atlantic from 6 to 5 ka toward the present day at sites influenced by the cold east Greenland Current. This feature reflects the late Holocene Neoglacial or cooling period recorded in ice cores and further terrestrial archives on Greenland. In contrast, a decrease in drift ice during the same period is recorded at sites underlying the North Atlantic Drift, which may reflect a warming of this region. The results document that Holocene changes in iceberg rafting and sea ice advection did not occur uniformly across the North Atlantic. Centennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic region over the last ???4 kyr is linked to the observed changes in drift ice input. Increased drift ice may have played a role in the increase of cold intervals during the late Holocene, e.g., the Little Ice Age cooling. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005PA001214","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Moros, M., Andrews, J.T., Eberl, D.D., and Jansen, E., 2006, Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes: Paleoceanography, v. 21, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214"},{"id":239349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31e8e4b0c8380cd5e334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moros, M.","contributorId":49597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moros","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jansen, E.","contributorId":45514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansen","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030521,"text":"70030521 - 2006 - Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:56:42","indexId":"70030521","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) in shallow groundwater in Tulare Basin pose an environmental risk because of the carcinogenic properties of As and the potential for its migration to deep aquifers that could serve as a future drinking water source. Adsorption and desorption are hypothesized to be the major processes controlling As solubility in oxidized surface sediments where arsenate [As(V)] is dominant. This study examined the relationship between sorption processes and arsenic solubility in shallow sediments from the dry Tulare Lake bed by determining sorption isotherms, pH effect on solubility, and desorption-readsorption behavior (hysteresis), and by using a surface complexation model to describe sorption. The sediments showed a high capacity to adsorb As(V). Estimates of the maximum adsorption capacity were 92 mg As kg- 1 at pH 7.5 and 70 mg As kg- 1 at pH 8.5 obtained using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Soluble arsenic [> 97% As(V)] did not increase dramatically until above pH 10. In the native pH range (7.5-8.5), soluble As concentrations were close to the lowest, indicating that As was strongly retained on the sediment. A surface complexation model, the constant capacitance model, was able to provide a simultaneous fit to both adsorption isotherms (pH 7.5 and 8.5) and the adsorption envelope (pH effect on soluble As), although the data ranges are one order of magnitude different. A hysteresis phenomenon between As adsorbed on the sediment and As in solution phase was observed in the desorption-readsorption processes and differs from conventional hysteresis observed in adsorption-desorption processes. The cause is most likely due to modification of adsorbent surfaces in sediment samples upon extensive extractions (or desorption). The significance of the hysteresis phenomenon in affecting As solubility and mobility may be better understood by further microscopic studies of As interaction mechanisms with sediments subjected to extensive leaching in natural environments. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Gao, S., Goldberg, S., Herbel, M., Chalmers, A., Fujii, R., and Tanji, K., 2006, Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California: Chemical Geology, v. 228, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 33-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017.","startPage":"33","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017"}],"volume":"228","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9311e4b08c986b31a289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, S.","contributorId":48725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, S.","contributorId":64888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chalmers, A.T. 0000-0002-5199-8080","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":63576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tanji, K.K.","contributorId":31161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanji","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031137,"text":"70031137 - 2006 - Geodetic observations and modeling of magmatic inflation at the Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-01T08:42:15","indexId":"70031137","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetic observations and modeling of magmatic inflation at the Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA","docAbstract":"Tumescence at the Three Sisters volcanic center began sometime between summer 1996 and summer 1998 and was discovered in April 2001 using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). Swelling is centered about 5 km west of the summit of South Sister, a composite basaltic-andesite to rhyolite volcano that last erupted between 2200 and 2000 yr ago, and it affects an area ∼20 km in diameter within the Three Sisters Wilderness. Yearly InSAR observations show that the average maximum displacement rate was 3–5 cm/yr through summer 2001, and the velocity of a continuous GPS station within the deforming area was essentially constant from June 2001 to June 2004. The background level of seismic activity has been low, suggesting that temperatures in the source region are high enough or the strain rate has been low enough to favor plastic deformation over brittle failure. A swarm of about 300 small earthquakes (Mmax = 1.9) in the northeast quadrant of the deforming area on March 23–26, 2004, was the first notable seismicity in the area for at least two decades. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established tilt-leveling and EDM networks at South Sister in 1985–1986, resurveyed them in 2001, the latter with GPS, and extended them to cover more of the deforming area. The 2001 tilt-leveling results are consistent with the inference drawn from InSAR that the current deformation episode did not start before 1996, i.e., the amount of deformation during 1995–2001 from InSAR fully accounts for the net tilt at South Sister during 1985–2001 from tilt-leveling. Subsequent InSAR, GPS, and leveling observations constrain the source location, geometry, and inflation rate as a function of time. A best-fit source model derived from simultaneous inversion of all three datasets is a dipping sill located 6.5 ± 2.5 km below the surface with a volume increase of 5.0 × 106 ± 1.5 × 106m3/yr (95% confidence limits). The most likely cause of tumescence is a pulse of basaltic magma intruding the upper crust along the brittle–ductile interface — a process that must occur episodically beneath the Cascade Range but in the past would have escaped detection in the absence of unusual seismicity. We speculate that such intrusive episodes last from days to years and are separated by quiescent periods of decades to centuries. The likelihood that the current episode at Three Sisters will culminate in an eruption is judged to be low, but the impact of an eruption could be great. The USGS has updated its volcano hazards assessment for the Three Sisters region, notified appropriate agencies and the public, and is helping to prepare an emergency coordination and communication plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.011","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., Lisowski, M., Wicks, C., Poland, M., and Endo, E.T., 2006, Geodetic observations and modeling of magmatic inflation at the Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 150, no. 1-3, p. 35-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.011.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Central Oregon Cascade Range, Three Sisters volcanic center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 44.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a173de4b0c8380cd55441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. cwicks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":105847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Endo, Elliot T.","contributorId":10439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endo","given":"Elliot","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031089,"text":"70031089 - 2006 - Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:50:15","indexId":"70031089","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence","docAbstract":"New major and trace element analyses and Sr-isotope determinations of rocks from Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano produced from 25 ky BP to 1944 AD are part of an extensive database documenting the geochemical evolution of this classic region. Volcanic rocks include silica undersaturated, potassic and ultrapotassic lavas and tephras characterized by variable mineralogy and different crystal abundance, as well as by wide ranges of trace element contents and a wide span of initial Sr-isotopic compositions. Both the degree of undersaturation in silica and the crystal content increase through time, being higher in rocks produced after the eruption at 472 AD (Pollena eruption). Compositional variations have been generally thought to reflect contributions from diverse types of mantle and crust. Magma mixing is commonly invoked as a fundamental process affecting the magmas, in addition to crystal fractionation. Our assessment of geochemical and Sr-isotopic data indicates that compositional variability also reflects the influence of crustal contamination during magma evolution during upward migration to shallow crustal levels and/or by entrapment of crystal mush generated during previous magma storage in the crust. Using a variant of the assimilation fractional crystallization model (Energy Conservation-Assimilation Fractional Crystallization; [Spera and Bohrson, 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic processes I: General model and energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) formulation. J. Petrol. 999-1018]; [Bohrson, W.A. and Spera, F.J., 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic process II: application of energy-constrained assimilation-fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) model to magmatic systems. J. Petrol. 1019-1041]) we estimated the contributions from the crust and suggest that contamination by carbonate rocks that underlie the volcano (2 km down to 9-10 km) is a fundamental process controlling magma compositions at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius in the last 8 ky BP. Contamination in the mid- to upper crust occurred repeatedly, after the magma chamber waxed with influx of new mantle- and crustal-derived magmas and fluids, and waned as a result of magma withdrawal and production of large and energetic plinian and subplinian eruptions. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Piochi, M., Ayuso, R., de Vivo, B., and Somma, R., 2006, Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence: LITHOS, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 303-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009.","startPage":"303","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009"},{"id":238576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcd9e4b0c8380cd4e47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piochi, M.","contributorId":55204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piochi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Somma, R.","contributorId":72977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somma","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031091,"text":"70031091 - 2006 - Mapping stream habitats with a global positioning system: Accuracy, precision, and comparison with traditional methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70031091","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping stream habitats with a global positioning system: Accuracy, precision, and comparison with traditional methods","docAbstract":"We tested the precision and accuracy of the Trimble GeoXT??? global positioning system (GPS) handheld receiver on point and area features and compared estimates of stream habitat dimensions (e.g., lengths and areas of riffles and pools) that were made in three different Oklahoma streams using the GPS receiver and a tape measure. The precision of differentially corrected GPS (DGPS) points was not affected by the number of GPS position fixes (i.e., geographic location estimates) averaged per DGPS point. Horizontal error of points ranged from 0.03 to 2.77 m and did not differ with the number of position fixes per point. The error of area measurements ranged from 0.1% to 110.1% but decreased as the area increased. Again, error was independent of the number of position fixes averaged per polygon corner. The estimates of habitat lengths, widths, and areas did not differ when measured using two methods of data collection (GPS and a tape measure), nor did the differences among methods change at three stream sites with contrasting morphologies. Measuring features with a GPS receiver was up to 3.3 times faster on average than using a tape measure, although signal interference from high streambanks or overhanging vegetation occasionally limited satellite signal availability and prolonged measurements with a GPS receiver. There were also no differences in precision of habitat dimensions when mapped using a continuous versus a position fix average GPS data collection method. Despite there being some disadvantages to using the GPS in stream habitat studies, measuring stream habitats with a GPS resulted in spatially referenced data that allowed the assessment of relative habitat position and changes in habitats over time, and was often faster than using a tape measure. For most spatial scales of interest, the precision and accuracy of DGPS data are adequate and have logistical advantages when compared to traditional methods of measurement. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-004-0270-z","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Dauwalter, D., Fisher, W., and Belt, K., 2006, Mapping stream habitats with a global positioning system: Accuracy, precision, and comparison with traditional methods: Environmental Management, v. 37, no. 2, p. 271-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0270-z.","startPage":"271","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0270-z"},{"id":238612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5076e4b0c8380cd6b6d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dauwalter, D.C.","contributorId":91687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauwalter","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, W.L.","contributorId":87713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belt, K.C.","contributorId":7497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belt","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031095,"text":"70031095 - 2006 - Time-lapse seismic study of levees in southern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031095","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-lapse seismic study of levees in southern New Mexico","docAbstract":"The primary objective of this work was to measure changes in compressional- (Vp) and shear-wave (Vs) velocities in an earthen levee during a ponding experiment designed to simulate flood conditions on the Rio Grande in south New Mexico. Although similar to such experiment, performed an year earlier on the Rio Grande in south Texas, the levee seismic response results are different. This work was similar to previous Preliminary testing at three levee sites, all within a 1 km radius and each with unique physical, EM, and core characteristics, was completed and a single low-conductivity, highly fractured site was selected for investigation. Several different types of seismic data were recorded. Seismic data analysis techniques appraised included P-refraction tomography and Rayleigh surface-wave analysis using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). P-wave velocity change (decrease) was rapid and isolated to one section within the pool confines, which already had anomalously high velocity most likely related to burrowing animals modification of the levee structure. S-wave velocity change was gradual and could be observed along the whole width of the pond within and below the levee. The results within the levee sand core were consistent with the observations of sand S-wave velocity changed due to saturation. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2370207","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Stimac, N., Ballard, R., Dunbar, J.J., and Smullen, S.S., 2006, Time-lapse seismic study of levees in southern New Mexico: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 25, no. 1, p. 3255-3259, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2370207.","startPage":"3255","endPage":"3259","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2370207"},{"id":238647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3c7e4b08c986b325fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stimac, N.","contributorId":76543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stimac","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballard, R.F. Jr.","contributorId":61637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"R.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunbar, J. Joseph","contributorId":45110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smullen, S. Steve","contributorId":63217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smullen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031096,"text":"70031096 - 2006 - Relative importance of magnetic moments in UXO clearance applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031096","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative importance of magnetic moments in UXO clearance applications","docAbstract":"Surface magnetic anomaly observed in UXO clearance is mainly dipolar and, as a result, the dipole is the only moment used regularly in UXO applications. The dipole moment contains intensity of magnetization information but lacks shape information. Unlike dipole, higher-order moments, such as quadrupole and octupole, encode asymmetry properties of magnetization distribution within buried targets. In order to improve our understanding of magnetization distribution within UXO and non-UXO objects and its potential utility in UXO clearance, we present results of a 3D numerical modeling study for highly susceptible metallic objects. The basis for modeling is the solution of a nonlinear integral equation, describing magnetization within isolated objects, allowing us to compute magnetic moments of the object, analyze their relationships, and provide a depiction of the surface anomaly produced by the different moments within the object. Our modeling results show significant high-order moments for more asymmetric objects situated at typical UXO burial depths, and suggest that the increased relative contribution to magnetic gradient data from these higher-order moments may provide a practical tool for improved UXO discrimination. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2369777","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, V., Li, Y., Nabighian, M., and Wright, D., 2006, Relative importance of magnetic moments in UXO clearance applications: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 25, no. 1, p. 1381-1385, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2369777.","startPage":"1381","endPage":"1385","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211369,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2369777"},{"id":238648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa685e4b0c8380cd84ecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, V.","contributorId":107407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nabighian, M.","contributorId":83286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.","contributorId":6158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030606,"text":"70030606 - 2006 - Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030606","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography","docAbstract":"Seismic velocity parameters in limited, but heterogeneous volumes can be inferred using a double-difference tomographic algorithm, but to obtain meaningful results accuracy must be maintained at every step of the computation. MONTEILLER et al. (2005) have devised a double-difference tomographic algorithm that takes full advantage of the accuracy of cross-spectral time-delays of large correlated event sets. This algorithm performs an accurate computation of theoretical travel-time delays in heterogeneous media and applies a suitable inversion scheme based on optimization theory. When applied to Kilauea Volcano, in Hawaii, the double-difference tomography approach shows significant and coherent changes to the velocity model in the well-resolved volumes beneath the Kilauea caldera and the upper east rift. In this paper, we first compare the results obtained using MONTEILLER et al.'s algorithm with those obtained using the classic travel-time tomographic approach. Then, we evaluated the effect of using data series of different accuracies, such as handpicked arrival-time differences (\"picking differences\"), on the results produced by double-difference tomographic algorithms. We show that picking differences have a non-Gaussian probability density function (pdf). Using a hyperbolic secant pdf instead of a Gaussian pdf allows improvement of the double-difference tomographic result when using picking difference data. We completed our study by investigating the use of spatially discontinuous time-delay data. ?? Birkha??user Verlag, Basel, 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Got, J., Monteiller, V., Virieux, J., and Okubo, P., 2006, Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 163, no. 2-3, p. 405-430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x.","startPage":"405","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x"},{"id":239424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"163","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b13e4b0c8380cd52560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Got, J.-L.","contributorId":80867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Got","given":"J.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monteiller, V.","contributorId":62409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteiller","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Virieux, J.","contributorId":10617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virieux","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030608,"text":"70030608 - 2006 - Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030608","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation","docAbstract":"Oil-prone marine petroleum source rocks contain type I or type II kerogen having Rock-Eval pyrolysis hydrogen indices greater than 600 or 300-600 mg hydrocarbon/g total organic carbon (HI, mg HC/g TOC), respectively. Samples from 29 marine source rocks worldwide that contain mainly type II kerogen (HI = 230-786 mg HC/g TOC) were subjected to open-system programmed pyrolysis to determine the activation energy distributions for petroleum generation. Assuming a burial heating rate of 1??C/m.y. for each measured activation energy distribution, the calculated average temperature for 50% fractional conversion of the kerogen in the samples to petroleum is approximately 136 ?? 7??C, but the range spans about 30??C (???121-151??C). Fifty-two outcrop samples of thermally immature Jurassic Oxford Clay Formation were collected from five locations in the United Kingdom to determine the variations of kinetic response for one source rock unit. The samples contain mainly type I or type II kerogens (HI = 230-774 mg HC/g TOC). At a heating rate of 1??C/m.y., the calculated temperatures for 50% fractional conversion of the Oxford Clay kerogens to petroleum differ by as much as 23??C (127-150??C). The data indicate that kerogen type, as defined by hydrogen index, is not systematically linked to kinetic response, and that default kinetics for the thermal decomposition of type I or type II kerogen can introduce unacceptable errors into numerical simulations. Furthermore, custom kinetics based on one or a few samples may be inadequate to account for variations in organofacies within a source rock. We propose three methods to evaluate the uncertainty contributed by kerogen kinetics to numerical simulations: (1) use the average kinetic distribution for multiple samples of source rock and the standard deviation for each activation energy in that distribution; (2) use source rock kinetics determined at several locations to describe different parts of the study area; and (3) use a weighted-average method that combines kinetics for samples from different locations in the source rock unit by giving the activation energy distribution for each sample a weight proportional to its Rock-Eval pyrolysis S2 yield (hydrocarbons generated by pyrolytic degradation of organic matter). Copyright ?? 2006. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/10140505122","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Walters, C., and Mankiewicz, P., 2006, Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 90, no. 3, p. 387-403, https://doi.org/10.1306/10140505122.","startPage":"387","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/10140505122"},{"id":239460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8de4b0c8380cd52bc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, C.C.","contributorId":102613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankiewicz, P.J.","contributorId":37956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankiewicz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033635,"text":"70033635 - 2006 - Containing arsenic-enriched groundwater tracing lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides in a coastal Maine watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T12:23:03","indexId":"70033635","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Containing arsenic-enriched groundwater tracing lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides in a coastal Maine watershed","docAbstract":"Arsenical pesticides and herbicides were extensively used on apple, blueberry, and potato crops in New England during the first half of the twentieth century. Lead arsenate was the most heavily used arsenical pesticide until it was officially banned. Lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, and sodium arsenate have similar Pb isotope compositions: 208Pb207Pb = 2.3839-2.4722, and 206Pb207Pb = 1.1035-1.2010. Other arsenical pesticides such as copper acetoarsenite (Paris green), methyl arsonic acid and methane arsonic acid, as well as arsanilic acid are widely variable in isotope composition. Although a complete understanding of the effects of historical use of arsenical pesticides is not available, initial studies indicate that arsenic and lead concentrations in stream sediments in New England are higher in agricultural areas that intensely used arsenical pesticides than in other areas. The Pb isotope compositions of pesticides partially overlap values of stream sediments from areas with the most extensive agricultural use. The lingering effects of arsenical pesticide use were tested in a detailed geochemical and isotopic study of soil profiles from a watershed containing arsenic-enriched ground water in coastal Maine. Acid-leach compositions of the soils represent lead adsorbed to mineral surfaces or held in soluble minerals (Fe- and Mn-hydroxides, carbonate, and some micaceous minerals), whereas residue compositions likely reflect bedrock compositions. The soil profiles contain labile Pb (acid-leach) showing a moderate range in 206Pb 207Pb (1.1870-1.2069), and 208Pb207Pb (2.4519-2.4876). Isotope values vary as a function of depth: the lowest Pb isotope ratios (e.g.,208Pb206Pb) representing labile lead are in the uppermost soil horizons. Lead contents decrease with depth in the soil profiles. Arsenic contents show no clear trend with depth. A multi-component mixing scheme that included lead from the local parent rock (Penobscot Formation), lead derived from combustion of fossil fuels, and possibly lead from other anthropogenic sources (e.g., pesticides), could account for Pb isotope variations in the soil profiles. In agricultural regions, our preliminary data show that the extensive use of arsenical pesticides and herbicides can be a significant anthropogenic source of arsenic and lead to stream sediments and soils.
","largerWorkTitle":"Association for Environmental Health and Sciences - 21st Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water ","conferenceTitle":"21st Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water 2005","conferenceDate":"17 October 2005 through 20 October 2005","conferenceLocation":"Amherst, MA","language":"English","isbn":"9781604239522","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., Foley, N.K., Robinson, G.R., Colvin, A., Lipfert, G., and Reeve, A., 2006, Containing arsenic-enriched groundwater tracing lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides in a coastal Maine watershed, in Association for Environmental Health and Sciences - 21st Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water , v. 11, Amherst, MA, 17 October 2005 through 20 October 2005, p. 64-92.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.69775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -70.697021484375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n 43.83452678223684\n ],\n [\n -67.69775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa2de4b0c8380cd4d986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Glipin R. Jr.","contributorId":59336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Glipin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colvin, A.S.","contributorId":11426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvin","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lipfert, G.","contributorId":53135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipfert","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reeve, A.S.","contributorId":64446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeve","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194226,"text":"70194226 - 2006 - Taricha granulosa (Rough-skinned newt). Summer habitat and aggregation.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T13:22:15","indexId":"70194226","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Taricha granulosa (Rough-skinned newt). Summer habitat and aggregation.","title":"Taricha granulosa (Rough-skinned newt). Summer habitat and aggregation.","docAbstract":"Terrestrial behavior and habitat associations of post-metamorphic Taricha granulosa are poorly understood (Oliver and McCurdy 1974. Can. J. Zool. 52:541-545; Pimentel 1960. Amer. Midl. Nat. 63:470-496). Chandler (1918. Oregon Agric. Coll. Exper. Sta. Bull. 152:6) referenced Fall T granulosa aggregations in \"cavities under stumps, logs, and stones,\" but does not present specific data. Pimentel (op. cit.) reported that T granulosa constructed burrows in a terrarium and 1-3 adults of both sexes shared burrows for up to three months. Here, I describe two summer aggregations of T granulosa from the Willow Creek Natural Area (WCNA) in the southern Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. The WCNA includes wetlands (primarily seasonal), prairies, riparian forests of willow (Salix spp.), black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), and Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia), and patches of upland forest of Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana), California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Taricha granulosa commonly breed in old stock ponds and beaver impoundments on the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Reptiles and Amphibians","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., 2006, Taricha granulosa (Rough-skinned newt). Summer habitat and aggregation.: Herpetological Review, v. 37, no. 1, p. 71-72.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61142de4b06e28e9c25874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","contributorId":145515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030834,"text":"70030834 - 2006 - Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030834","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities","docAbstract":"The feasibility of mapping pore water salinity based on surface electromagnetic (EM) methods over land and shallow marine water is examined in a coastal wetland on Tampa Bay, Florida. Forward models predict that useful information on seabed conductivity can be obtained through <1.5 m of saline water, using floating EM-31 and EM-34 instruments from Geonics Ltd. The EM-31 functioned as predicted when compared against resistivity soundings and pore water samples and proved valuable for profiling in otherwise inaccessible terrain due to its relatively small size. Experiments with the EM-34 in marine water, however, did not reproduce the theoretical instrument response. The most effective technique for predicting pore water conductivities based on EM data entailed (1) computing formation factors from resistivity surveys and pore water samples at representative sites and (2) combining these formation factors with onshore and offshore EM-31 readings for broader spatial coverage. This method proved successful for imaging zones of elevated pore water conductivities/ salinities associated with mangrove forests, presumably caused by salt water exclusion by mangrove roots. These zones extend 5 to 10 m seaward from mangrove trunks fringing Tampa Bay. Modeling indicates that EM-31 measurements lack the resolution necessary to image the subtle pore water conductivity variations expected in association with diffuse submarine ground water discharge of fresher water in the marine water of Tampa Bay. The technique has potential for locating high-contrast zones and other pore water salinity anomalies in areas not accessible to conventional marine- or land-based resistivity arrays and hence may be useful for studies of coastal-wetland ecosystems. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, J., Kruse, S., and Swarzenski, P., 2006, Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 292-299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x.","startPage":"292","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x"},{"id":238731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e40e4b0c8380cd5337f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwood, J.","contributorId":95264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, S.","contributorId":33103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":49156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030859,"text":"70030859 - 2006 - The effect of creosote on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030859","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of creosote on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"As part of a broader investigation into the effects of creosote treatments on the aquatic biota in pond microcosms, we examined the possible implications for vitellogenin (Vtg) production in Oncorhynchus mykiss [rainbow trout (RT)]. Vtg is the precursor of egg yolk protein and has emerged as a useful biomarker of exposure to estrogenic substances. Our a priori intent was to assess the ability of the creosote treatments (nominal cresoste concentrations were 0, 3, and 10 ??l/L immediately after the last subsurface addition) to induce estrogenic responses in RT. The data showed no evidence of an estrogenic response in the treated fish. During the course of the experiment, however, the fish matured and began to produce Vtg, probably in response to endogenous estrogen. A posteriori analysis of the Vtg data from the maturing fish showed that after 28 days, the plasma Vtg concentrations were about 15-fold lower in fish from the creosote-treated microcosms compared with fish from the reference microcosm. Although the experiment design does not permit mechanistic insights, our observation suggests that exposure of female fish to PAH mixtures such as creosote can impair the production of Vtg with possible health implications for embryos and larvae. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-004-0255-1","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Sherry, J., Whyte, J., Karrow, N., Gamble, A., Boerman, H., Bol, N., Dixon, D., and Solomon, K., 2006, The effect of creosote on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 65-68, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0255-1.","startPage":"65","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211357,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0255-1"},{"id":238633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1ce4b08c986b322c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherry, J.P.","contributorId":31569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherry","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whyte, J.J.","contributorId":34716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karrow, N.A.","contributorId":51980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karrow","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gamble, A.","contributorId":61636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boerman, H.J.","contributorId":79700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boerman","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bol, N.C.","contributorId":53160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bol","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dixon, D.G.","contributorId":50724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Solomon, K.R.","contributorId":45432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70030629,"text":"70030629 - 2006 - Research article: Watershed management councils and scientific models: Using diffusion literature to explain adoption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030629","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1559,"text":"Environmental Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research article: Watershed management councils and scientific models: Using diffusion literature to explain adoption","docAbstract":"Recent literature on the diffusion of innovations concentrates either specifically on public adoption of policy, where social or environmental conditions are the dependent variables for adoption, or on private adoption of an innovation, where emphasis is placed on the characteristics of the innovation itself. This article uses both the policy diffusion literature and the diffusion of innovation literature to assess watershed management councils' decisions to adopt, or not adopt, scientific models. Watershed management councils are a relevant case study because they possess both public and private attributes. We report on a survey of councils in the United States that was conducted to determine the criteria used when selecting scientific models for studying watershed conditions. We found that specific variables from each body of literature play a role in explaining the choice to adopt scientific models by these quasi-public organizations. The diffusion of innovation literature contributes to an understanding of how organizations select models by confirming the importance of a model's ability to provide better data. Variables from the policy diffusion literature showed that watershed management councils that employ consultants are more likely to use scientific models. We found a gap between those who create scientific models and those who use these models. We recommend shrinking this gap through more communication between these actors and advancing the need for developers to provide more technical assistance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1466046606060212","issn":"14660466","usgsCitation":"King, M., Burkardt, N., and Clark, B.T., 2006, Research article: Watershed management councils and scientific models: Using diffusion literature to explain adoption: Environmental Practice, v. 8, no. 2, p. 125-134, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466046606060212.","startPage":"125","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1466046606060212"},{"id":239249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa91ce4b0c8380cd85c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, M.D.","contributorId":28211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":13913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, B. T.","contributorId":108070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030622,"text":"70030622 - 2006 - Studying toxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030622","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2091,"text":"International Water Power and Dam Construction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studying toxicity","docAbstract":"With funding from the George Mitchell Center for the Environment at the University of Maine, a team of scientists used a simple laboratory-based sediment resuspension design, and two well-established aquatic toxicology models, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), to evaluate if resuspension of Penobscot river sediment significantly elevates the toxicity of river water and to provide preliminary information on the types of chemicals likely to desorb during resuspension. The group collected sediments from two sites with known chemical contamination downstream of the Great Works and Veazie dams. The sediments were examined to determine the dynamics of PAH desorption and degradation under different resuspension frequencies. The scientists used clarified water from resuspension experiments for toxicity tests with the water-flea Ceriodaphnia dubia, and other aquatic test organisms to infer toxicity from sediments from northern California rivers. Data from the study will help ascertain whether metals and/or xenoestrogens are present in the desorption water and give insight into possible avenues of sediment remediation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Water Power and Dam Construction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0306400X","usgsCitation":"Elkus, A., LeBlanc, L., Kim, C., Van Beneden, R., and Mayer, G., 2006, Studying toxicity: International Water Power and Dam Construction, v. 58, no. 3, p. 30-32.","startPage":"30","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cece4b08c986b31d523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elkus, A.","contributorId":49978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elkus","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, L.","contributorId":76940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, C.","contributorId":90108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Beneden, R.","contributorId":98540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Beneden","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, G.","contributorId":10997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029285,"text":"70029285 - 2006 - Real-time seismic monitoring of the integrated cape girardeau bridge array and recorded earthquake response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70029285","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Real-time seismic monitoring of the integrated cape girardeau bridge array and recorded earthquake response","docAbstract":"This paper introduces the state of the art, real-time and broad-band seismic monitoring network implemented for the 1206 m [3956 ft] long, cable-stayed Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge in Cape Girardeau (MO), a new Mississippi River crossing, approximately 80 km from the epicentral region of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes. The bridge was designed for a strong earthquake (magnitude 7.5 or greater) during the design life of the bridge. The monitoring network comprises a total of 84 channels of accelerometers deployed on the superstructure, pier foundations and at surface and downhole free-field arrays of the bridge. The paper also presents the high quality response data obtained from the network. Such data is aimed to be used by the owner, researchers and engineers to assess the performance of the bridge, to check design parameters, including the comparison of dynamic characteristics with actual response, and to better design future similar bridges. Preliminary analyses of ambient and low amplitude small earthquake data reveal specific response characteristics of the bridge and the free-field. There is evidence of coherent tower, cable, deck interaction that sometimes results in amplified ambient motions. Motions at the lowest tri-axial downhole accelerometers on both MO and IL sides are practically free from any feedback from the bridge. Motions at the mid-level and surface downhole accelerometers are influenced significantly by feedback due to amplified ambient motions of the bridge. Copyright ASCE 2006.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Structures Congress and Exposition","conferenceTitle":"Structures Congress 2006","conferenceDate":"18 May 2006 through 21 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40889(201)169","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 2006, Real-time seismic monitoring of the integrated cape girardeau bridge array and recorded earthquake response, in Proceedings of the Structures Congress and Exposition, v. 2006, St. Louis, MO, 18 May 2006 through 21 May 2006, https://doi.org/10.1061/40889(201)169.","startPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210778,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40889(201)169"},{"id":237803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95b0e4b0c8380cd81b93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}