The reemerging field of Medical Geology is concerned with the impacts of geologic materials and geologic processes on animal and human health. Most medical geology research has been focused on health problems caused by excess or deficiency of trace elements, exposure to ambient dust, and on other geologically related health problems or health problems for which geoscience tools, techniques, or databases could be applied. Little, if any, attention has been focused on the beneficial health effects of rocks, minerals, and geologic processes. These beneficial effects may have been recognized as long as two million years ago and include emotional, mental, and physical health benefits. Some of the earliest known medicines were derived from rocks and minerals. For thousands of years various clays have been used as an antidote for poisons. “Terra sigillata,” still in use today, may have been the first patented medicine. Many trace elements, rocks, and minerals are used today in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals and health care products. There is also a segment of society that believes in the curative and preventative properties of crystals (talismans and amulets). Metals and trace elements are being used in some of today’s most sophisticated medical applications. Other recent examples of beneficial effects of geologic materials and processes include epidemiological studies in Japan that have identified a wide range of health problems (such as muscle and joint pain, hemorrhoids, burns, gout, etc.) that may be treated by one or more of nine chemically distinct types of hot springs, and a study in China indicating that residential coal combustion may be mobilizing sufficient iodine to prevent iodine deficiency disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ijerph2006030042","issn":"16604601","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., 2006, Health benefits of geologic materials and geologic processes: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 3, no. 4, p. 338-342, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030042.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030042","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fd7e4b0c8380cd5d129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028648,"text":"70028648 - 2006 - Influence of particle and surface quality on the vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter: Comparative exercise using data from the qualifying system for reflectance analysis working group of ICCP","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028648","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of particle and surface quality on the vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter: Comparative exercise using data from the qualifying system for reflectance analysis working group of ICCP","docAbstract":"The development of a qualifying system for reflectance analysis has been the scope of a working group within the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) since 1999, when J. Koch presented a system to qualify vitrinite particles according to their size, proximity to bright components and homogeneity of the surface. After some years of work aimed at improving the classification system using photomicrographs, it was decided to run a round robin exercise on microscopy samples. The classification system tested consists of three qualifiers ranging from excellent to low quality vitrinites with an additional option for unsuitable vitrinites. This paper reports on the results obtained by 22 analysts who were asked to measure random reflectance readings on vitrinite particles assigning to each reading a qualifier. Four samples containing different organic matter types and a variety of vitrinite occurrences have been analysed. Results indicated that the reflectance of particles classified as excellent, good or poor compared to the total average reflectance did not show trends to be systematically lower or higher for the four samples analysed. The differences in reflectance between the qualifiers for any given sample were lower than the scatter of vitrinite reflectance among participants. Overall, satisfactory results were obtained in determining the reflectance of vitrinite in the four samples analysed. This was so for samples having abundant and easy to identify vitrinites (higher plant-derived organic matter) as well as for samples with scarce and difficult to identify particles (samples with dominant marine-derived organic matter). The highest discrepancies were found for the organic-rich oil shales where the selection of the vitrinite population to measure proved to be particularly difficult. Special instructions should be provided for the analysis of this sort of samples. The certainty of identification of the vitrinite associated with the vitrinite reflectance values reported has been assessed through a reliability index which takes into account the number of readings and the coefficient of variation. The same statistical approach as that followed in the ICCP vitrinite reflectance accreditation program for single seam coals has been used for data evaluation. The results indicated low to medium dispersion for 17 out of 22 participants. This, combined with data from other sets of comparative analyses over a long period, is considered an encouraging result for the establishment of an accreditation program on vitrinite reflectance measurements in dispersed organic matter. ?? 2006 ICCP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Borrego, A., Araujo, C., Balke, A., Cardott, B., Cook, A., David, P., Flores, D., Hamor-Vido, M., Hiltmann, W., Kalkreuth, W., Koch, J., Kommeren, C., Kus, J., Ligouis, B., Marques, M., Mendonca Filho, J., Misz, M., Oliveira, L., Pickel, W., Reimer, K., Ranasinghe, P., Suarez-Ruiz, I., and Vieth, A., 2006, Influence of particle and surface quality on the vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter: Comparative exercise using data from the qualifying system for reflectance analysis working group of ICCP: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 68, no. 3-4, p. 151-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.002.","startPage":"151","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.002"},{"id":236678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b63e4b0c8380cd624b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrego, A.G.","contributorId":53583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrego","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Araujo, 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Nonetheless, significant scientific advances have been achieved. We discuss the history of spectroscopy in relation to emerging technologies and applications. Advanced focal plane arrays, optical design, and intelligent on-board logic are prime prospective technologies. Scalable approaches in pre-processing of imaging spectrometer data will receive additional focus. Finally, we focus on new applications monitoring transitional ecological zones, where human impact and disturbance have highest impact as well as in monitoring changes in our natural resources and environment We conclude that imaging spectroscopy enables mapping of biophysical and biochemical variables of the Earth's surface and atmospheric composition with unprecedented accuracy.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2006 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS","conferenceDate":"31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519","isbn":"0780395107; 9780780395107","usgsCitation":"Schaepman, M., Green, R., Ungar, S., Curtiss, B., Boardman, J., Plaza, A., Gao, B., Ustin, S., Kokaly, R., Miller, J., Jacquemoud, S., Ben-Dor, E., Clark, R., Davis, C., Dozier, J., Goodenough, D., Roberts, D., Swayze, G., Milton, E., and Goetz, A.F., 2006, The future of imaging spectroscopy - Prospective technologies and applications, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Denver, CO, 31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006, p. 2005-2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519.","startPage":"2005","endPage":"2009","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477594,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-future-of-imaging-spectroscopy-prospective-technologies-and-a","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519"},{"id":236749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac33e4b08c986b323339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaepman, 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approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028653","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers","docAbstract":"TSU in partnership with the USGS has conducted extensive research regarding biode??gradation of contaminants in karst aquifers. This research resulted in the development of a numerical approach to modeling biodegradation of contaminants in karst aquifers that is taught to environmental engineering students in several steps. First, environmental engineering students are taught chemical-reaction engineering principles relating to a wide variety of environmental fate and transport issues. Second, as part of TSU's engineering course curriculum, students use a non-ideal flow laboratory reactor system and run a tracer study to establish residence time distribution (RTD). Next, the students couple that formula to a first-order biodegradation rate and predict the removal of a biodegradable contaminant as a function of residence time. Following this, students are shown data collected from karst bedrock wells that suggest that karst aquifers are analogous to non-ideal flow reactors. The students are challenged to develop rates of biodegradation through lab studies and use their results to predict biodegradaton at an actual contaminated karst site. Field studies are also conducted to determine the accuracy of the students' predictions. This academic approach teaches biodegradation processes, rate-kinetic processes, hydraulic processes and numerical principles. The students are able to experience how chemical engineering principles can be applied to other situations, such as, modeling biodegradation of contaminants in karst aquifers. This paper provides background on the chemical engineering principles and karst issues used in the research-enhanced curriculum. ?? American Society for Engineering Education, 2006.","largerWorkTitle":"ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006","conferenceDate":"18 June 2006 through 21 June 2006","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"King, L., Byl, T., and Painter, R., 2006, Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers, in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, Chicago, IL, 18 June 2006 through 21 June 2006.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa91be4b0c8380cd85c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, L.","contributorId":23744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byl, T.","contributorId":31967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, R.","contributorId":54393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028331,"text":"70028331 - 2006 - Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:00:07","indexId":"70028331","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods","docAbstract":"Conventional measurements of river flows are costly, time‐consuming, and frequently dangerous. This report evaluates the use of a continuous wave microwave radar, a monostatic UHF Doppler radar, a pulsed Doppler microwave radar, and a ground‐penetrating radar to measure river flows continuously over long periods and without touching the water with any instruments. The experiments duplicate the flow records from conventional stream gauging stations on the San Joaquin River in California and the Cowlitz River in Washington. The purpose of the experiments was to directly measure the parameters necessary to compute flow: surface velocity (converted to mean velocity) and cross‐sectional area, thereby avoiding the uncertainty, complexity, and cost of maintaining rating curves. River channel cross sections were measured by ground‐penetrating radar suspended above the river. River surface water velocity was obtained by Bragg scattering of microwave and UHF Doppler radars, and the surface velocity data were converted to mean velocity on the basis of detailed velocity profiles measured by current meters and hydroacoustic instruments. Experiments using these radars to acquire a continuous record of flow were conducted for 4 weeks on the San Joaquin River and for 16 weeks on the Cowlitz River. At the San Joaquin River the radar noncontact measurements produced discharges more than 20% higher than the other independent measurements in the early part of the experiment. After the first 3 days, the noncontact radar discharge measurements were within 5% of the rating values. On the Cowlitz River at Castle Rock, correlation coefficients between the USGS stream gauging station rating curve discharge and discharge computed from three different Doppler radar systems and GPR data over the 16 week experiment were 0.883, 0.969, and 0.992. Noncontact radar results were within a few percent of discharge values obtained by gauging station, current meter, and hydroacoustic methods. Time series of surface velocity obtained by different radars in the Cowlitz River experiment also show small‐amplitude pulsations not found in stage records that reflect tidal energy at the gauging station. Noncontact discharge measurements made during a flood on 30 January 2004 agreed with the rated discharge to within 5%. Measurement at both field sites confirm that lognormal velocity profiles exist for a wide range of flows in these rivers, and mean velocity is approximately 0.85 times measured surface velocity. Noncontact methods of flow measurement appear to (1) be as accurate as conventional methods, (2) obtain data when standard contact methods are dangerous or cannot be obtained, and (3) provide insight into flow dynamics not available from detailed stage records alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004430","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., Cheng, R.T., Haeni, F., Melcher, N., Spicer, K., Hayes, E., Plant, W., Hayes, K., Teague, C., and Barrick, D., 2006, Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 7, W07422; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004430.","productDescription":"W07422; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf61e4b08c986b329b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. 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T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melcher, N.","contributorId":74187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spicer, K.R.","contributorId":67230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, E.","contributorId":29158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Plant, W.","contributorId":62398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayes, K.","contributorId":55178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Teague, C.","contributorId":30412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Barrick, D.","contributorId":105888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028844,"text":"70028844 - 2006 - Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028844","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed","docAbstract":"The spatial variability of subreach denitrification rates in streams was evaluated with respect to controlling environmental conditions, molecular examination of denitrifying bacteria, and dimensional analysis. Denitrification activities ranged from 0 and 800 ng-N gsed-1 d-1 with large variations observed within short distances (<50 m) along stream reaches. A log-normal probability distribution described the range in denitrification activities and was used to define low (16% of the probability distributibn), medium (68%), and high (16%) denitrification potential groups. Denitrifying bacteria were quantified using a competitive polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) technique that amplified the nirK gene that encodes for nitrite reductase. Results showed a range of nirK quantities from 103 to 107 gene-copy-number gsed.-1 A nonparametric statistical test showed no significant difference in nirK quantifies among stream reaches, but revealed that samples with a high denitrification potential had significantly higher nirK quantities. Denitrification activity was positively correlated with nirK quantities with scatter in the data that can be attributed to varying environmental conditions along stream reaches. Dimensional analysis was used to evaluate denitrification activities according to environmental variables that describe fluid-flow properties, nitrate and organic material quantities, and dissolved oxygen flux. Buckingham's pi theorem was used to generate dimensionless groupings and field data were used to determine scaling parameters. The resulting expressions between dimensionless NO3- flux and dimensionless groupings of environmental variables showed consistent scaling, which indicates that the subreach variability in denitrification rates can be predicted by the controlling physical, chemical, and microbiological conditions. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JG000254","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B., Hondzo, M., Dobraca, D., LaPara, T., Finlay, J., and Brezonik, P., 2006, Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000254.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477469,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jg000254","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000254"},{"id":236306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a924ce4b0c8380cd80794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, B.L.","contributorId":24977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondzo, Miki","contributorId":11816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hondzo","given":"Miki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12693,"text":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobraca, D.","contributorId":99755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobraca","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaPara, T.M.","contributorId":24150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPara","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finlay, J.A.","contributorId":98097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlay","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brezonik, P.L.","contributorId":27001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezonik","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028761,"text":"70028761 - 2006 - Random versus fixed-site sampling when monitoring relative abundance of fishes in headwater streams of the upper Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028761","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Random versus fixed-site sampling when monitoring relative abundance of fishes in headwater streams of the upper Colorado River basin","docAbstract":"Native fishes of the upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) have declined in distribution and abundance due to habitat degradation and interactions with normative fishes. Consequently, monitoring populations of both native and nonnative fishes is important for conservation of native species. We used data collected from Muddy Creek, Wyoming (2003-2004), to compare sample size estimates using a random and a fixed-site sampling design to monitor changes in catch per unit effort (CPUE) of native bluehead suckers Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth suckers C. latipinnis, roundtail chub Gila robusta, and speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus, as well as nonnative creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus and white suckers C. commersonii. When one-pass backpack electrofishing was used, detection of 10% or 25% changes in CPUE (fish/100 m) at 60% statistical power required 50-1,000 randomly sampled reaches among species regardless of sampling design. However, use of a fixed-site sampling design with 25-50 reaches greatly enhanced the ability to detect changes in CPUE. The addition of seining did not appreciably reduce required effort. When detection of 25-50% changes in CPUE of native and nonnative fishes is acceptable, we recommend establishment of 25-50 fixed reaches sampled by one-pass electrofishing in Muddy Creek. Because Muddy Creek has habitat and fish assemblages characteristic of other headwater streams in the UCRB, our results are likely to apply to many other streams in the basin. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-153.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., Gerow, K., Bower, M., and Hubert, W., 2006, Random versus fixed-site sampling when monitoring relative abundance of fishes in headwater streams of the upper Colorado River basin: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 4, p. 1011-1019, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-153.1.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1019","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209976,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-153.1"},{"id":236754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9498e4b0c8380cd814d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerow, K.G.","contributorId":17003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerow","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bower, M.R.","contributorId":14094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028676,"text":"70028676 - 2006 - Mineral mapping and applications of imaging spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028676","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mineral mapping and applications of imaging spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Spectroscopy is a tool that has been used for decades to identify, understand, and quantify solid, liquid, or gaseous materials, especially in the laboratory. In disciplines ranging from astronomy to chemistry, spectroscopic measurements are used to detect absorption and emission features due to specific chemical bonds, and detailed analyses are used to determine the abundance and physical state of the detected absorbing/emitting species. Spectroscopic measurements have a long history in the study of the Earth and planets. Up to the 1990s remote spectroscopic measurements of Earth and planets were dominated by multispectral imaging experiments that collect high-quality images in a few, usually broad, spectral bands or with point spectrometers that obtained good spectral resolution but at only a few spatial positions. However, a new generation of sensors is now available that combines imaging with spectroscopy to create the new discipline of imaging spectroscopy. Imaging spectrometers acquire data with enough spectral range, resolution, and sampling at every pixel in a raster image so that individual absorption features can be identified and spatially mapped (Goetz et al., 1985).","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2006 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS","conferenceDate":"31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2006.514","isbn":"0780395107; 9780780395107","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Boardman, J., Mustard, J., Kruse, F., Ong, C., Pieters, C., and Swayze, G., 2006, Mineral mapping and applications of imaging spectroscopy, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Denver, CO, 31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006, p. 1986-1989, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.514.","startPage":"1986","endPage":"1989","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209866,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.514"},{"id":236607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5797e4b0c8380cd6dd89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boardman, J.","contributorId":74184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mustard, J.","contributorId":103458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruse, F.","contributorId":84142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ong, C.","contributorId":96071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pieters, C.","contributorId":104636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swayze, G.A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":21570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028804,"text":"70028804 - 2006 - Three-dimensional compressional wavespeed model, earthquake relocations, and focal mechanisms for the Parkfield, California, region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028804","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional compressional wavespeed model, earthquake relocations, and focal mechanisms for the Parkfield, California, region","docAbstract":"We present a new three-dimensional (3D) compressional vvavespeed (V p) model for the Parkfield region, taking advantage of the recent seismicity associated with the 2003 San Simeon and 2004 Parkfield earthquake sequences to provide increased model resolution compared to the work of Eberhart-Phillips and Michael (1993) (EPM93). Taking the EPM93 3D model as our starting model, we invert the arrival-time data from about 2100 earthquakes and 250 shots recorded on both permanent network and temporary stations in a region 130 km northeast-southwest by 120 km northwest-southeast. We include catalog picks and cross-correlation and catalog differential times in the inversion, using the double-difference tomography method of Zhang and Thurber (2003). The principal Vp features reported by EPM93 and Michelini and McEvilly (1991) are recovered, but with locally improved resolution along the San Andreas Fault (SAF) and near the active-source profiles. We image the previously identified strong wavespeed contrast (faster on the southwest side) across most of the length of the SAF, and we also improve the image of a high Vp body on the northeast side of the fault reported by EPM93. This narrow body is at about 5- to 12-km depth and extends approximately from the locked section of the SAP to the town of Parkfield. The footwall of the thrust fault responsible for the 1983 Coalinga earthquake is imaged as a northeast-dipping high wavespeed body. In between, relatively low wavespeeds (<5 km/sec) extend to as much as 10-km depth. We use this model to derive absolute locations for about 16,000 earthquakes from 1966 to 2005 and high-precision double-difference locations for 9,000 earthquakes from 1984 to 2005, and also to determine focal mechanisms for 446 earthquakes. These earthquake locations and mechanisms show that the seismogenic fault is a simple planar structure. The aftershock sequence of the 2004 mainshock concentrates into the same structures defined by the pre-2004 seismicity, confirming earlier observations (Waldhauser et al., 2004) that the seismicity pattern at Parkfield is long lived and persists through multiple cycles of mainshocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050825","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Thurber, C., Zhang, H., Waldhauser, F., Hardebeck, J., Michael, A., and Eberhart-Phillips, D., 2006, Three-dimensional compressional wavespeed model, earthquake relocations, and focal mechanisms for the Parkfield, California, region: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050825.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209610,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050825"},{"id":236264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb323e4b08c986b325bd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurber, C.","contributorId":107046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldhauser, F.","contributorId":31897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardebeck, J.","contributorId":99738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michael, A.","contributorId":56817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eberhart-Phillips, D.","contributorId":80428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhart-Phillips","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028401,"text":"70028401 - 2006 - The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:37:53","indexId":"70028401","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments","docAbstract":"One of the major impediments to the integration of lentic ecosystems into global environmental analyses has been fragmentary data on the extent and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments. We use new data sources, enhanced spatial resolution, and new analytical approaches to provide new estimates of the global abundance of surface-water bodies. A global model based on the Pareto distribution shows that the global extent of natural lakes is twice as large as previously known (304 million lakes; 4.2 million km 2 in area) and is dominated in area by millions of water bodies smaller than 1 km2. Similar analyses of impoundments based on inventories of large, engineered dams show that impounded waters cover approximately 0.26 million km2. However, construction of low-tech farm impoundments is estimated to be between 0.1 % and 6% of farm area worldwide, dependent upon precipitation, and represents >77,000 km 2 globally, at present. Overall, about 4.6 million km2 of the earth's continental \"land\" surface (>3%) is covered by water. These analyses underscore the importance of explicitly considering lakes, ponds, and impoundments, especially small ones, in global analyses of rates and processes. ?? 2006, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Downing, J.A., Prairie, Y., Cole, J.J., Duarte, C., Tranvik, L., Striegl, R.G., McDowell, W.H., Kortelainen, P., Caraco, N., Melack, J., and Middelburg, J.J., 2006, The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 5, p. 2388-2397, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388.","startPage":"2388","endPage":"2397","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265989,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac89e4b08c986b323570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, J. A.","contributorId":100466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prairie, Y.T.","contributorId":72191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prairie","given":"Y.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, J. 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H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kortelainen, Pirkko","contributorId":43130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kortelainen","given":"Pirkko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caraco, N.F.","contributorId":47150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caraco","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Melack, J.M.","contributorId":59164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melack","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Middelburg, J. J.","contributorId":105417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"J.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028531,"text":"70028531 - 2006 - Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028531","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at eight sites within the Buffalo Slough, near Portland, Oregon, to (1) measure the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine (OC) compounds in the slough, (2) assess the usefulness of SPMDs as a tool for investigating and monitoring hydrophobic compounds throughout the Columbia Slough system, and (3) evaluate the utility of SPMDs as a tool for measuring the long-term effects of watershed improvement activities. Data from the SPMDs revealed clear spatial and seasonal differences in water quality within the slough and indicate that for hydrophobic compounds, this time-integrated passive-sampling technique is a useful tool for long-term watershed monitoring. In addition, the data suggest that a spiking rate of 2-5 ??g/SPMD of permeability/performance reference compounds, including at least one compound that is not susceptible to photodegradation, may be optimum for the conditions encountered here. ?? Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K., 2006, Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 118, no. 1-3, p. 293-318, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x.","startPage":"293","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x"},{"id":236425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee69e4b0c8380cd49d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, K.","contributorId":48287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001058,"text":"1001058 - 2006 - Ontogenesis of endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) in the Little Colorado River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T16:47:04.075418","indexId":"1001058","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenesis of endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) in the Little Colorado River, Arizona","docAbstract":"The largest population of endangered humpback chub Gila cypha inhabits the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam and the lower 14 km of the Little Colorado River (LCR), Arizona. Currently, adults from both rivers spawn and their progenies grow and recruit to adulthood primarily within the LCR, where we studied G. cypha's life history using hoop net capture data. Humpback chub undergo an ontogenesis from diurnally active, vulnerable, nearshore-reliant young-of-the-year (YOY; 30–90 mm total length) into nocturnally active, large-bodied adults (≥180 mm TL). During the day, adults primarily resided in deep midchannel pools; however, at night they dispersed inshore amongst the higher densities of YOY conspecifics. Many YOY G. cypha shifted to nocturnal habitats that provided greater cover, possibly, to avoid inshore invading adults. These findings mirror predator-prey scenarios described in other freshwater assemblages, but do not refute other plausible hypotheses. Gila cypha piscivorous activity may escalate in hoop nets, which can confine fish of disparate sizes together; adults were significantly associated with YOY conspecifics and small dead fish in hoop nets at night and eight G. cypha (156–372 mm TL) regurgitated and/or defecated other fish body parts during handling following capture. Gila cypha can definitely be piscivorous given the opportunity, but the magnitude of their piscivorous activity in the wild is debatable.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0123:OOEHCG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stone, D.M., and Gorman, O.T., 2006, Ontogenesis of endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) in the Little Colorado River, Arizona: American Midland Naturalist, v. 155, no. 1, p. 123-135, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0123:OOEHCG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Little Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.95343017578125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -110.89050292968749,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -110.89050292968749,\n 36.43233216371692\n ],\n [\n -111.95343017578125,\n 36.43233216371692\n ],\n [\n -111.95343017578125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"155","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Dennis M.","contributorId":58237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030278,"text":"70030278 - 2006 - Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): An overview of science strategy and major results from the second and third workshops","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): An overview of science strategy and major results from the second and third workshops","docAbstract":"The Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) is an international project aimed at developing enhanced techniques for the a priori estimation of parameters in hydrologic models and in land surface parameterization schemes of atmospheric models. The MOPEX science strategy involves three major steps: data preparation, a priori parameter estimation methodology development, and demonstration of parameter transferability. A comprehensive MOPEX database has been developed that contains historical hydrometeorological data and land surface characteristics data for many hydrologic basins in the United States (US) and in other countries. This database is being continuously expanded to include more basins in all parts of the world. A number of international MOPEX workshops have been convened to bring together interested hydrologists and land surface modelers from all over world to exchange knowledge and experience in developing a priori parameter estimation techniques. This paper describes the results from the second and third MOPEX workshops. The specific objective of these workshops is to examine the state of a priori parameter estimation techniques and how they can be potentially improved with observations from well-monitored hydrologic basins. Participants of the second and third MOPEX workshops were provided with data from 12 basins in the southeastern US and were asked to carry out a series of numerical experiments using a priori parameters as well as calibrated parameters developed for their respective hydrologic models. Different modeling groups carried out all the required experiments independently using eight different models, and the results from these models have been assembled for analysis in this paper. This paper presents an overview of the MOPEX experiment and its design. The main experimental results are analyzed. A key finding is that existing a priori parameter estimation procedures are problematic and need improvement. Significant improvement of these procedures may be achieved through model calibration of well-monitored hydrologic basins. This paper concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned, and points out further work and future strategy. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.031","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Duan, Q., Schaake, J., Andreassian, V., Franks, S., Goteti, G., Gupta, H., Gusev, Y., Habets, F., Hall, A., Hay, L., Hogue, T., Huang, M., Leavesley, G., Liang, X., Nasonova, O., Noilhan, J., Oudin, L., Sorooshian, S., Wagener, T., and Wood, E., 2006, Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): An overview of science strategy and major results from the second and third workshops, in Journal of Hydrology, v. 320, no. 1-2, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.031.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477632,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2f13584n","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211856,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.031"},{"id":239227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"320","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ba3e4b0c8380cd6f6d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duan, Q.","contributorId":57257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duan","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaake, J.","contributorId":63603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaake","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andreassian, V.","contributorId":77352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreassian","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franks, S.","contributorId":40803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goteti, G.","contributorId":105119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goteti","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gupta, H.V.","contributorId":64887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gusev, Y.M.","contributorId":70596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gusev","given":"Y.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Habets, F.","contributorId":33526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Habets","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hall, A.","contributorId":38720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hay, L.","contributorId":72103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hogue, T.","contributorId":74189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogue","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Huang, M.","contributorId":70903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Leavesley, G.","contributorId":90483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Liang, X.","contributorId":18972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Nasonova, O.N.","contributorId":28067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nasonova","given":"O.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Noilhan, J.","contributorId":78541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noilhan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Oudin, L.","contributorId":21349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oudin","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Sorooshian, S.","contributorId":72968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorooshian","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wagener, T.","contributorId":36350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagener","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wood, E.F.","contributorId":70998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70030279,"text":"70030279 - 2006 - Chemical evolution of Miocene wood: Example from the Belchatow brown coal deposit, central Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030279","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical evolution of Miocene wood: Example from the Belchatow brown coal deposit, central Poland","docAbstract":"Miocene conifer wood samples from the Belchatow brown coal deposit in Poland were studied in order to discuss a range of chemical variations that occur as a result of biochemical coalification. Petrographic analysis, ultimate analysis, electron microprobe technique, and FTIR spectroscopy were used in this study. Our data show several progressive trends in functional groups distribution that take place during the wood transformation from group 1 to group 4, such as an overall increase in aromaticity, an increase in lignin/cellulose ratio, and an increase in oxygen functionalities. Other observations include an increase in aliphatic stretching and bending functionalities from groups 1 to 3; followed by a decrease in the wood of group 4; appearance of aliphatic out-of-plane bands in group 3 and increase in group 4; an increase in CH2/CH3 in group 4 compared to the other groups; and decrease in O-H groups in group 4 compared to other groups. These observations, together with other chemical and petrological observations, indicate that the progressive elimination of cellulose and modification of lignin are dominant processes of the wood transformation. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.004","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Drobniak, A., and Mastalerz, M., 2006, Chemical evolution of Miocene wood: Example from the Belchatow brown coal deposit, central Poland: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 157-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.004.","startPage":"157","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.004"},{"id":239262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57ce4b0c8380cd4c251","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drobniak, A.","contributorId":11748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobniak","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031022,"text":"70031022 - 2006 - Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70031022","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs","docAbstract":"Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca-HCO3 (six), Na-Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca-HCO3 spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na-Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4-53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data-chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium (3H), helium-3 (3Hetrit), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) - for four Ca-HCO3 spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na-Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Toth, D.J., and Katz, B., 2006, Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 14, no. 5, p. 827-847, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x.","startPage":"827","endPage":"847","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x"},{"id":239042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b88e4b0c8380cd6f607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toth, D. J.","contributorId":46563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028975,"text":"70028975 - 2006 - Long-term dynamics of production, respiration, and net CO2 exchange in two sagebrush-steppe ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:53:45","indexId":"70028975","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term dynamics of production, respiration, and net CO2 exchange in two sagebrush-steppe ecosystems","docAbstract":"We present a synthesis of long-term measurements of CO2 exchange in 2 US Intermountain West sagebrush-steppe ecosystems. The locations near Burns, Oregon (1995–2001), and Dubois, Idaho (1996–2001), are part of the AgriFlux Network of the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (Fc) during the growing season were continuously recorded at flux towers using the Bowen ratio-energy balance technique. Data were partitioned into gross primary productivity (Pg) and ecosystem respiration (Re) using the light-response function method. Wintertime fluxes were measured during 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 and used to model fluxes in other winters. Comparison of daytime respiration derived from light-response analysis with nighttime tower measurements showed close correlation, with daytime respiration being on the average higher than nighttime respiration. Maxima of Pg and Re at Burns were both 20 g CO2·m−2·d−1 in 1998. Maxima of Pg and Re at Dubois were 37 and 35 g CO2·m−2·d−1, respectively, in 1997. Mean annual gross primary production at Burns was 1 111 (range 475–1 715) g CO2·m−2·y−1 or about 30% lower than that at Dubois (1 602, range 963–2 162 g CO2·m−2·y−1). Across the years, both ecosystems were net sinks for atmospheric CO2 with a mean net ecosystem CO2 exchange of 82 g CO2·m−2·y−1 at Burns and 253 g CO2·m−2·y−1 at Dubois, but on a yearly basis either site could be a C sink or source, mostly depending on precipitation timing and amount. Total annual precipitation is not a good predictor of carbon sequestration across sites. Our results suggest that Fc should be partitioned into Pg and Re components to allow prediction of seasonal and yearly dynamics of CO2fluxes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.2111/05-198R1.1","issn":"15507424","usgsCitation":"Gilmanov, T., Svejcar, T., Johnson, D., Angell, R., Saliendra, N.Z., and Wylie, B., 2006, Long-term dynamics of production, respiration, and net CO2 exchange in two sagebrush-steppe ecosystems: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 59, no. 6, p. 585-599, https://doi.org/10.2111/05-198R1.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"599","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491482,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643112","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/05-198R1.1"},{"id":236563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4984e4b0c8380cd6869b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmanov, T.G.","contributorId":44716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmanov","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svejcar, T.J.","contributorId":29087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svejcar","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, D.A.","contributorId":61370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Angell, R.F.","contributorId":30019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angell","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saliendra, Nicanor Z.","contributorId":16623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saliendra","given":"Nicanor","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wylie, B.K. 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":24877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030859,"text":"70030859 - 2006 - The effect of creosote on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030859","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of creosote on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"As part of a broader investigation into the effects of creosote treatments on the aquatic biota in pond microcosms, we examined the possible implications for vitellogenin (Vtg) production in Oncorhynchus mykiss [rainbow trout (RT)]. Vtg is the precursor of egg yolk protein and has emerged as a useful biomarker of exposure to estrogenic substances. Our a priori intent was to assess the ability of the creosote treatments (nominal cresoste concentrations were 0, 3, and 10 ??l/L immediately after the last subsurface addition) to induce estrogenic responses in RT. The data showed no evidence of an estrogenic response in the treated fish. During the course of the experiment, however, the fish matured and began to produce Vtg, probably in response to endogenous estrogen. A posteriori analysis of the Vtg data from the maturing fish showed that after 28 days, the plasma Vtg concentrations were about 15-fold lower in fish from the creosote-treated microcosms compared with fish from the reference microcosm. Although the experiment design does not permit mechanistic insights, our observation suggests that exposure of female fish to PAH mixtures such as creosote can impair the production of Vtg with possible health implications for embryos and larvae. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-004-0255-1","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Sherry, J., Whyte, J., Karrow, N., Gamble, A., Boerman, H., Bol, N., Dixon, D., and Solomon, K., 2006, The effect of creosote on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 65-68, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0255-1.","startPage":"65","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211357,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0255-1"},{"id":238633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1ce4b08c986b322c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherry, J.P.","contributorId":31569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherry","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whyte, J.J.","contributorId":34716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karrow, N.A.","contributorId":51980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karrow","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gamble, A.","contributorId":61636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boerman, H.J.","contributorId":79700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boerman","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bol, N.C.","contributorId":53160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bol","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dixon, D.G.","contributorId":50724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Solomon, K.R.","contributorId":45432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70030280,"text":"70030280 - 2006 - Nonlinear inversion of potential-field data using a hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030280","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear inversion of potential-field data using a hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm","docAbstract":"Using a genetic algorithm to solve an inverse problem of complex nonlinear geophysical equations is advantageous because it does not require computer gradients of models or \"good\" initial models. The multi-point search of a genetic algorithm makes it easier to find the globally optimal solution while avoiding falling into a local extremum. As is the case in other optimization approaches, the search efficiency for a genetic algorithm is vital in finding desired solutions successfully in a multi-dimensional model space. A binary-encoding genetic algorithm is hardly ever used to resolve an optimization problem such as a simple geophysical inversion with only three unknowns. The encoding mechanism, genetic operators, and population size of the genetic algorithm greatly affect search processes in the evolution. It is clear that improved operators and proper population size promote the convergence. Nevertheless, not all genetic operations perform perfectly while searching under either a uniform binary or a decimal encoding system. With the binary encoding mechanism, the crossover scheme may produce more new individuals than with the decimal encoding. On the other hand, the mutation scheme in a decimal encoding system will create new genes larger in scope than those in the binary encoding. This paper discusses approaches of exploiting the search potential of genetic operations in the two encoding systems and presents an approach with a hybrid-encoding mechanism, multi-point crossover, and dynamic population size for geophysical inversion. We present a method that is based on the routine in which the mutation operation is conducted in the decimal code and multi-point crossover operation in the binary code. The mix-encoding algorithm is called the hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm (HEGA). HEGA provides better genes with a higher probability by a mutation operator and improves genetic algorithms in resolving complicated geophysical inverse problems. Another significant result is that final solution is determined by the average model derived from multiple trials instead of one computation due to the randomness in a genetic algorithm procedure. These advantages were demonstrated by synthetic and real-world examples of inversion of potential-field data. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.008","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., Xia, J., Liu, J., and Feng, G., 2006, Nonlinear inversion of potential-field data using a hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 2, p. 230-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.008.","startPage":"230","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211889,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.008"},{"id":239263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6786e4b0c8380cd73397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feng, G.","contributorId":9456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030834,"text":"70030834 - 2006 - Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030834","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities","docAbstract":"The feasibility of mapping pore water salinity based on surface electromagnetic (EM) methods over land and shallow marine water is examined in a coastal wetland on Tampa Bay, Florida. Forward models predict that useful information on seabed conductivity can be obtained through <1.5 m of saline water, using floating EM-31 and EM-34 instruments from Geonics Ltd. The EM-31 functioned as predicted when compared against resistivity soundings and pore water samples and proved valuable for profiling in otherwise inaccessible terrain due to its relatively small size. Experiments with the EM-34 in marine water, however, did not reproduce the theoretical instrument response. The most effective technique for predicting pore water conductivities based on EM data entailed (1) computing formation factors from resistivity surveys and pore water samples at representative sites and (2) combining these formation factors with onshore and offshore EM-31 readings for broader spatial coverage. This method proved successful for imaging zones of elevated pore water conductivities/ salinities associated with mangrove forests, presumably caused by salt water exclusion by mangrove roots. These zones extend 5 to 10 m seaward from mangrove trunks fringing Tampa Bay. Modeling indicates that EM-31 measurements lack the resolution necessary to image the subtle pore water conductivity variations expected in association with diffuse submarine ground water discharge of fresher water in the marine water of Tampa Bay. The technique has potential for locating high-contrast zones and other pore water salinity anomalies in areas not accessible to conventional marine- or land-based resistivity arrays and hence may be useful for studies of coastal-wetland ecosystems. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, J., Kruse, S., and Swarzenski, P., 2006, Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 292-299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x.","startPage":"292","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x"},{"id":238731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e40e4b0c8380cd5337f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwood, J.","contributorId":95264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, S.","contributorId":33103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":49156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030298,"text":"70030298 - 2006 - Recordings from the deepest borehole in the New Madrid Seismic Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030298","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recordings from the deepest borehole in the New Madrid Seismic Zone","docAbstract":"The recordings at the deepest vertical strong-motion array (VSAS) from three small events, the 21 October 2004 Tiptonville, Tennessee, earthquake; the 10 February 2005 Arkansas earthquake; and the 2 June 2005 Ridgely, Tennessee, earthquake show some interesting wave-propagation phenomena through the soils: the S-wave is attenuated from 260 m to 30 m depth and amplified from 30 m to the surface. The S-wave arrival times from the three events yielded different shear-wave velocity estimates for the soils. These different estimates may be the result of different incident angles of the S-waves due to different epicentral distances. The epicentral distances are about 22 km, 110 km, and 47 km for the Tiptonville, Arkansas, and Ridgely earthquakes, respectively. These recordings show the usefulness of the borehole strong-motion array. The vertical strong-motion arrays operated by the University of Kentucky have started to accumulate recordings that will provide a database for scientists and engineers to study the effects of the near-surface soils on the strong ground motion in the New Madrid Seismic Zone. More information about the Kentucky Seismic and Strong-Motion Network can be found at www.uky.edu/KGS/geologichazards. The digital recordings are available at ftp://kgsweb.uky.edu.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Wang, Z., and Woolery, E., 2006, Recordings from the deepest borehole in the New Madrid Seismic Zone: Seismological Research Letters, v. 77, no. 2, p. 148-153.","startPage":"148","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a288e4b0e8fec6cdb63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woolery, E.W.","contributorId":53548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolery","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030310,"text":"70030310 - 2006 - Unusual Holocene and late Pleistocene carbonate sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030310","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual Holocene and late Pleistocene carbonate sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"Bear Lake (Utah-Idaho, USA) has been producing large quantities of carbonate minerals of varying mineralogy for the past 17,000 years. The history of sedimentation in Bear Lake is documented through the study of isotopic ratios of oxygen, carbon, and strontium, percent organic carbon, percent CaCO3, X-ray diffraction mineralogy, HCl-leach inorganic geochemistry, and magnetic properties on samples from three piston cores. Historically, the Bear River, the main source of water for Great Salt Lake, did not enter Bear Lake until it was artificially diverted into the lake at the beginning of the 20th century. However, during the last glacial interval, the Bear River did enter Bear Lake depositing red, calcareous, silty clay. About 18,000 years ago, the Bear River became disconnected from Bear Lake. A combination of warmer water, increased evaporation, and increased organic productivity triggered the precipitation of calcium carbonate, first as calcite. As the salinity of the lake increased due to evaporation, aragonite began to precipitate about 11,000 years ago. Aragonite is the dominant mineral that accumulated in bottom sediments of the lake during the Holocene, comprising an average of about 70 wt.% of the sediments. Aragonite formation in a large, cold, oligotrophic, high latitude lake is highly unusual. Lacustrine aragonite usually is found in small, saline lakes in which the salinity varies considerably over time. However, Bear Lake contains endemic ostracodes and fish, which indicate that the chemistry of the lake has remained fairly constant for a long time. Stable isotope data from Holocene aragonite show that the salinity of Bear Lake increased throughout the Holocene, but never reached highly evolved values of ??18O in spite of an evaporation-dominated water balance. Bear Lake hydrology combined with evaporation created an unusual situation that produced large amounts of aragonite, but no evaporite minerals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.016","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Rosenbaum, J., Skipp, G., Colman, S., Forester, R., Liu, A., Simmons, K., and Bischoff, J., 2006, Unusual Holocene and late Pleistocene carbonate sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, USA: Sedimentary Geology, v. 185, no. 1-2, p. 93-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.016.","startPage":"93","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211857,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.016"},{"id":239228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf7e4b08c986b328e76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.","contributorId":24076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J.","contributorId":102989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skipp, G.","contributorId":49899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colman, S.","contributorId":63553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forester, R.","contributorId":91301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, A.","contributorId":90110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simmons, K.","contributorId":75333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bischoff, J.","contributorId":32730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70030806,"text":"70030806 - 2006 - Albatross populations in peril: A population trajectory for Black-browed Albatrosses at South Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T09:24:17","indexId":"70030806","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Albatross populations in peril: A population trajectory for Black-browed Albatrosses at South Georgia","docAbstract":"Simulation modeling was used to reconstruct Black-browed Albatross (Diomedea melanophris) population trends. Close approximations to observed data were accomplished by annually varying survival rates, reproductive success, and probabilities of returning to breed given success in previous years. The temporal shift in annual values coincided with the start of longline fishing at South Georgia and potential changes in krill abundance. We used 23 years of demographic data from long-term studies of a breeding colony of this species at Bird Island, South Georgia, to validate our model. When we used annual parameter estimates for survival, reproductive success, and probabilities of returning to breed given success in previous years, our model trajectory closely followed the observed changes in breeding population size over time. Population growth rate was below replacement (lambda < 1) in most years and was most sensitive to changes in adult survival. This supports the recent IUCN uplisting of this species from “Vulnerable” to “Endangered.” Comparison of pre-1988 and post-1988 demography (before and after the inception of a longline fishery in the breeding area) reveals a decrease in lambda from 0.963 to 0.910. A life table response experiment (LTRE) showed that this decline in lambda was caused mostly by declines in survival of adults. If 1988–1998 demographic rates are maintained, the model predicts a 98% chance of a population of fewer than 25 pairs within 78 years. For this population to recover to a status under which it could be “delisted,” a 10% increase in survival of all age classes would be needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-5340","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Arnold, J., Brault, S., and Croxall, J., 2006, Albatross populations in peril: A population trajectory for Black-browed Albatrosses at South Georgia: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 1, p. 419-432, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5340.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"432","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e953e4b0c8380cd481e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, J.M.","contributorId":84489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brault, Solange","contributorId":29633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brault","given":"Solange","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croxall, J.P.","contributorId":88555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croxall","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030318,"text":"70030318 - 2006 - Morphometric discrimination of early life stage Lampetra tridentata and L richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) from the Columbia river basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:17:00","indexId":"70030318","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2394,"text":"Journal of Morphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometric discrimination of early life stage Lampetra tridentata and L richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) from the Columbia river basin","docAbstract":"The effectiveness of morphometric and meristic characteristics for taxonomic discrimination of Lampetra tridentata and L. richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) during embryological, prolarval, and early larval stages (i.e., age class 1) were examined. Mean chorion diameter increased with time from fertilization to hatch and was significantly greater for L. tridentata than for L. richardsoni at 1, 8, and 15 days postfertilization. Lampetra tridentata larvae had significantly more trunk myomeres than L. richardsoni; however, trunk myomere numbers were highly variable within species and deviated from previously published data. Multivariate examinations of prolarval and larval L. tridentata (7.2-11.0 mm; standard length) and L. richardsoni (6.6-10.8 mm) were conducted based on standard length and truss element lengths established from eight homologous landmarks. Principal components analysis indicated allometric relationships among the morphometric characteristics examined. Changes in body shape were indicated by groupings of morphometric characteristics associated with body regions (e.g., oral hood, branchial region, trunk region, and tail region). Discriminant function analysis using morphometric characteristics was successful in classifying a large proportion (>94.7%) of the lampreys sampled.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jmor.10427","issn":"03622525","usgsCitation":"Meeuwig, M., Bayer, J., and Reiche, R., 2006, Morphometric discrimination of early life stage Lampetra tridentata and L richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) from the Columbia river basin: Journal of Morphology, v. 267, no. 5, p. 623-633, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10427.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"633","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211948,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10427"}],"volume":"267","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e62e4b0c8380cd709dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeuwig, M.H.","contributorId":24741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeuwig","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiche, R.A.","contributorId":68107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiche","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030629,"text":"70030629 - 2006 - Research article: Watershed management councils and scientific models: Using diffusion literature to explain adoption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030629","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1559,"text":"Environmental Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research article: Watershed management councils and scientific models: Using diffusion literature to explain adoption","docAbstract":"Recent literature on the diffusion of innovations concentrates either specifically on public adoption of policy, where social or environmental conditions are the dependent variables for adoption, or on private adoption of an innovation, where emphasis is placed on the characteristics of the innovation itself. This article uses both the policy diffusion literature and the diffusion of innovation literature to assess watershed management councils' decisions to adopt, or not adopt, scientific models. Watershed management councils are a relevant case study because they possess both public and private attributes. We report on a survey of councils in the United States that was conducted to determine the criteria used when selecting scientific models for studying watershed conditions. We found that specific variables from each body of literature play a role in explaining the choice to adopt scientific models by these quasi-public organizations. The diffusion of innovation literature contributes to an understanding of how organizations select models by confirming the importance of a model's ability to provide better data. Variables from the policy diffusion literature showed that watershed management councils that employ consultants are more likely to use scientific models. We found a gap between those who create scientific models and those who use these models. We recommend shrinking this gap through more communication between these actors and advancing the need for developers to provide more technical assistance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1466046606060212","issn":"14660466","usgsCitation":"King, M., Burkardt, N., and Clark, B.T., 2006, Research article: Watershed management councils and scientific models: Using diffusion literature to explain adoption: Environmental Practice, v. 8, no. 2, p. 125-134, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466046606060212.","startPage":"125","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1466046606060212"},{"id":239249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa91ce4b0c8380cd85c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, M.D.","contributorId":28211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":13913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, B. T.","contributorId":108070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030622,"text":"70030622 - 2006 - Studying toxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030622","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2091,"text":"International Water Power and Dam Construction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studying toxicity","docAbstract":"With funding from the George Mitchell Center for the Environment at the University of Maine, a team of scientists used a simple laboratory-based sediment resuspension design, and two well-established aquatic toxicology models, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), to evaluate if resuspension of Penobscot river sediment significantly elevates the toxicity of river water and to provide preliminary information on the types of chemicals likely to desorb during resuspension. The group collected sediments from two sites with known chemical contamination downstream of the Great Works and Veazie dams. The sediments were examined to determine the dynamics of PAH desorption and degradation under different resuspension frequencies. The scientists used clarified water from resuspension experiments for toxicity tests with the water-flea Ceriodaphnia dubia, and other aquatic test organisms to infer toxicity from sediments from northern California rivers. Data from the study will help ascertain whether metals and/or xenoestrogens are present in the desorption water and give insight into possible avenues of sediment remediation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Water Power and Dam Construction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0306400X","usgsCitation":"Elkus, A., LeBlanc, L., Kim, C., Van Beneden, R., and Mayer, G., 2006, Studying toxicity: International Water Power and Dam Construction, v. 58, no. 3, p. 30-32.","startPage":"30","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cece4b08c986b31d523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elkus, A.","contributorId":49978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elkus","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, L.","contributorId":76940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, C.","contributorId":90108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Beneden, R.","contributorId":98540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Beneden","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, G.","contributorId":10997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}