Isopach maps from tephra eruptions from Mount St. Helens were reported in Carey et al. (1995) and for tephra eruptions from Glacier Peak in Gardner et al. (1998). For exponential thinning, the isopach data only define a single slope on a log thickness versus square root of area plot. Carey et al. (1995) proposed a model that was used to estimate a second slope, and volumes were presented in both studies using this model. A study by Sulpizio (2005) for estimating the second slope and square root of area where the lines intersect involves a systematic analysis of many eruptions to provide correlation equations. The purpose of this paper is to recalculate the volumes of Cascades eruptions and compare results from the two methods. In order to gain some perspective on the methods for estimating the second slope, we use data for thickness versus distance beyond the last isopach that are available for some of the larger eruptions in the Cascades. The thickness versus square root of area method is extended to thickness versus distance by developing an approximate relation between the two assuming elliptical isopachs with the source at one of the foci. Based on the comparisons made between the Carey et al. (1995) and Sulpizio (2005) methods, it is felt that the later method provides a better estimate of the second slope. For Mount St. Helens, the estimates of total volume using the Sulpizio (2005) method are generally smaller than those using the Carey et al. (1995) method. For the volume estimates of Carey et al. (1995), the volume of the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens is smaller than six of the eight previous eruptions. With the new volumes using the Sulpizio (2005) method, the 1980 eruption is smaller in volume than the upper end of the range for only three of the layers (Wn, Ye, and Yn) and is the same size as layer We. Thus the 1980 eruption becomes representative of the mid-range of volumes rather than being in the lower range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.04.021","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., 2017, Revised tephra volumes for Cascade Range volcanoes: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 341, p. 42-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.04.021.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-082574","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range volcanoes","volume":"341","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b1b4e4b0d1f9f05b378e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180011,"text":"sir20165082 - 2017 - Water quality and quantity and simulated surface-water and groundwater flow in the Laurel Hill Creek Basin, southwestern Pennsylvania, 1991–2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T09:09:19","indexId":"sir20165082","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-10T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5082","title":"Water quality and quantity and simulated surface-water and groundwater flow in the Laurel Hill Creek Basin, southwestern Pennsylvania, 1991–2007","docAbstract":"Laurel Hill Creek is considered one of the most pristine waterways in southwestern Pennsylvania and has high recreational value as a high-quality cold-water fishery; however, the upper parts of the basin have documented water-quality impairments. Groundwater and surface water are withdrawn for public water supply and the basin has been identified as a Critical Water Planning Area (CWPA) under the State Water Plan. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Somerset County Conservation District, collected data and developed modeling tools to support the assessment of water-quality and water-quantity issues for a basin designated as a CWPA. Streams, springs, and groundwater wells were sampled for water quality in 2007. Streamflows were measured concurrent with water-quality sampling at main-stem sites on Laurel Hill Creek and tributaries in 2007. Stream temperatures were monitored continuously at five main-stem sites from 2007 to 2010. Water usage in the basin was summarized for 2003 and 2009 and a Water-Analysis Screening Tool (WAST) developed for the Pennsylvania State Water Plan was implemented to determine whether the water use in the basin exceeded the “safe yield” or “the amount of water that can be withdrawn from a water resource over a period of time without impairing the long-term utility of a water resource.” A groundwater and surface-water flow (GSFLOW) model was developed for Laurel Hill Creek and calibrated to the measured daily streamflow from 1991 to 2007 for the streamflow-gaging station near the outlet of the basin at Ursina, Pa. The CWPA designation requires an assessment of current and future water use. The calibrated GSFLOW model can be used to assess the hydrologic effects of future changes in water use and land use in the basin.
Analyses of samples collected for surface-water quality during base-flow conditions indicate that the highest nutrient concentrations in the main stem of Laurel Hill Creek were at sites in the northeastern part of the basin where agricultural activity is prominent. All of the total nitrogen (N) and a majority of the total phosphorus (P) concentrations in the main stem exceeded regional nutrient criteria levels of 0.31 and 0.01 milligrams per liter (mg/L), respectively. The highest total N and total P concentrations in the main stem were 1.42 and 0.06 mg/L, respectively. Tributary sites with the highest nutrient concentrations are in subbasins where treated wastewater is discharged, such as Kooser Run and Lost Creek. The highest total N and total P concentrations in subbasins were 3.45 and 0.11 mg/L, respectively. Dissolved chloride and sodium concentrations were highest in the upper part of the basin downstream from Interstate 76 because of road deicing salts. The mean base-flow concentrations of dissolved chloride and sodium were 117 and 77 mg/L, respectively, in samples from the main stem just below Interstate 76, and the mean concentrations in Clear Run were 210 and 118 mg/L, compared to concentrations less than 15 mg/L in tributaries that were not affected by highway runoff. Water quality in forested tributary subbasins underlain by the Allegheny and Pottsville Formations was influenced by acidic precipitation and, to a lesser extent, the underlying geology as indicated by pH values less than 5.0 and corresponding specific conductance ranging from 26 to 288 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius for some samples; in contrast, pH values for main stem sites ranged from 6.6 to 8.5. Manganese (Mn) was the only dissolved constituent in the surface-water samples that exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL). More than one-half the samples from the main stem had Mn concentrations exceeding the SMCL level of 50 micrograms per liter (μg/L), whereas only 19 percent of samples from tributaries exceeded the SMCL for Mn.
Stream temperatures along the main stem of Laurel Hill Creek became higher moving downstream. During the summer months of June through August, the daily mean temperatures at the five sites exceeded the limit of 18.9 degrees Celsius (°C) for a cold-water fishery. The maximum instantaneous values for each site ranged from 27.2 to 32.8 °C.
Water-quality samples collected at groundwater sites (wells and springs) indicate that wells developed within the Mauch Chunk Formation had the best water quality, whereas wells developed within the Allegheny and Pottsville Formations yielded the poorest water quality. Waters from the Mauch Chunk Formation had the highest median pH (7.6) and alkalinity (80 mg/L calcium carbonate) values. The lowest pH and alkalinity median values were in waters from the Allegheny and Pottsville Formations. Groundwater samples collected from wells in the Allegheny and Pottsville Formations also had the highest concentrations of dissolved iron (Fe) and dissolved Mn. Seventy-eight percent of the groundwater samples collected from the Allegheny Formation exceeded the SMCL of 300 μg/L for Fe and 50 μg/L for Mn. Forty-three and 62 percent of the groundwater samples collected from the Pottsville Formation exceeded the SMCL for iron and Mn, respectively. The highest Fe and Mn concentrations for surface waters were measured for tributaries draining the Pottsville Formation. The highest median Fe concentration for tributaries was in samples from streams draining the Allegheny Formation.
During base-flow conditions, the streamflow per unit area along the main stem of Laurel Hill Creek was lowest in the upper parts of the basin [farthest upstream site 0.07 cubic foot per second per square mile (ft3/s/mi2)] and highest (two sites averaging about 0.20 (ft3/s/mi2) immediately downstream from Laurel Hill Lake in the center of the basin. Tributaries with the highest streamflow per unit area were those subbasins that drain the western ridge of the Laurel Hill Creek Basin. The mean streamflow per unit area for tributaries draining areas that extend into the western ridge and draining eastern or central sections was 0.24 and 0.05 ft3/s/mi2, respectively. In general, as the drainage area increased for tributary basins, the streamflow per unit area increased.
Criteria established by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection indicate that the safe yield of water withdrawals from the Laurel Hill Creek Basin is 1.43 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Water-use data for 2009 indicate that net (water withdrawals subtracted by water discharges) water withdrawals from groundwater and surface-water sources in the basin were approximately 1.93 Mgal/d. Water withdrawals were concentrated in the upper part of the basin with approximately 80 percent of the withdrawals occurring in the upper 36 mi2 of the basin. Three subbasins—Allen Creek, Kooser Run, and Shafer Run— in the upper part were affected the most by water withdrawals such that safe yields were exceeded by more than 1,000 percent in the first two and more than 500 percent in the other. In the subbasin of Shafer Run, intermittent streamflow characterizes sections that historically have been perennial.
The GSFLOW model of the Laurel Hill Creek Basin is a simple one-layer representation of the groundwater flow system. The GSFLOW model was primarily calibrated to reduce the error term associated with base-flow periods. The total amount of observed streamflow at the Laurel Hill Creek at Ursina, Pa. streamflow-gaging station and the simulated streamflow were within 0.1 percent over the entire modeled period; however, annual differences between simulated and observed streamflow showed a range of -27 to 24 percent from 1992 to 2007 with nine of the years having less than a 10-percent difference. The primary source of simulated streamflow in the GSFLOW model was the subsurface (interflow; 62 percent), followed by groundwater (25 percent) and surface runoff (13 percent). Most of the simulated subsurface flow that reached the stream was in the form of slow flow as opposed to preferential (fast) interflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Somerset County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., Risser, D.W., Eicholtz, L.W., and Hoffman, S.A., 2017, Water quality and quantity and simulated surface-water and groundwater flow in the Laurel Hill Creek Basin, southwestern Pennsylvania, 1991–2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5082, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165082.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 85 p.; Appendices 1, 4","startPage":"1","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"97","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-006526","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343501,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5082/sir20165082_appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4","linkHelpText":"- Concentrations of selected water-quality constituents and values of selected physical characteristics in groundwater samples collected in the Laurel Hill Creek Basin, southwestern, Pennsylvania, summer and fall 2007"},{"id":343499,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5082/sir20165082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5082"},{"id":343498,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5082/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":343500,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5082/sir20165082_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"- Concentrations of selected water-quality constituents and values of selected physical characteristics in surface-water samples collected during low-flow conditions in the Laurel Hill Creek Basin, southwestern, Pennsylvania, June and September 2007"}],"country":"United 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215 Limekiln Road
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Recent reductions in thickness and extent have increased drift rates of Arctic sea ice. Increased ice drift could significantly affect the movements and the energy balance of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) which forage, nearly exclusively, on this substrate. We used radio-tracking and ice drift data to quantify the influence of increased drift on bear movements, and we modeled the consequences for energy demands of adult females in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas during two periods with different sea ice characteristics. Westward and northward drift of the sea ice used by polar bears in both regions increased between 1987–1998 and 1999–2013. To remain within their home ranges, polar bears responded to the higher westward ice drift with greater eastward movements, while their movements north in the spring and south in fall were frequently aided by ice motion. To compensate for more rapid westward ice drift in recent years, polar bears covered greater daily distances either by increasing their time spent active (7.6%–9.6%) or by increasing their travel speed (8.5%–8.9%). This increased their calculated annual energy expenditure by 1.8%–3.6% (depending on region and reproductive status), a cost that could be met by capturing an additional 1–3 seals/year. Polar bears selected similar habitats in both periods, indicating that faster drift did not alter habitat preferences. Compounding reduced foraging opportunities that result from habitat loss; changes in ice drift, and associated activity increases, likely exacerbate the physiological stress experienced by polar bears in a warming Arctic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13746","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Douglas, D.C., Albeke, S., Whiteman, J.P., Amstrup, S.C., Richardson, E., Wilson, R.H., and Ben-David, M., 2017, Increased Arctic sea ice drift alters adult female polar bear movements and energetics: Global Change Biology, v. 23, no. 9, p. 3460-3473, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13746.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3460","endPage":"3473","ipdsId":"IP-075197","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59649231e4b0d1f9f05acd0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albeke, Shannon","contributorId":194426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albeke","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whiteman, John P.","contributorId":194427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiteman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richardson, Evan","contributorId":194428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Evan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, Ryan H. 0000-0001-7740-7771","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-7771","contributorId":130989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ben-David, Merav","contributorId":190901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-David","given":"Merav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189298,"text":"70189298 - 2017 - The application of microtextural and heavy mineral analysis to discriminate between storm and tsunami deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T15:59:23","indexId":"70189298","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1791,"text":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of microtextural and heavy mineral analysis to discriminate between storm and tsunami deposits","docAbstract":"Recent work has applied microtextural and heavy mineral analyses to sandy storm and tsunami deposits from Portugal, Scotland, Indonesia and the USA. We looked at the interpretation of microtextural imagery (scanning electron microscopy) of quartz grains and heavy mineral compositions. We consider inundation events of different chronologies and sources (the AD 1755 Lisbon and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis, the Great Storm of 11 January 2005 in Scotland, and Hurricane Sandy in 2012) that affected contrasting coastal and hinterland settings with different regional oceanographic conditions. Storm and tsunami deposits were examined along with potential source sediments (alluvial, beach, dune and nearshore sediments) to determine provenance.
Results suggest that tsunami deposits typically exhibit a significant spatial variation in grain sizes, microtextures and heavy minerals. Storm deposits show less variability, especially in vertical profiles. Tsunami and storm quartz grains had more percussion marks and fresh surfaces compared to potential source material. Moreover, in the studied cases, tsunami samples had fewer fresh surfaces than storm deposits.
Heavy mineral assemblages are typically site-specific. The concentration of heavy minerals decreases upwards in tsunamigenic units, whereas storm sediments show cyclic concentrations of heavy minerals, reflected in the laminations observed macroscopically in the deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP456.7","usgsCitation":"Costa, P.J., Gelfenbaum, G.R., Dawson, S., La Selle, S., Milne, F., Cascalho, J., Ponte Lira, C., Andrade, C., Freitas, M.C., and Jaffe, B.E., 2017, The application of microtextural and heavy mineral analysis to discriminate between storm and tsunami deposits: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 456, p. 167-190, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP456.7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"190","ipdsId":"IP-077614","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"456","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59649232e4b0d1f9f05acd1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, Pedro J.M.","contributorId":181772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"Pedro","email":"","middleInitial":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Sue","contributorId":194413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Sue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Selle, SeanPaul 0000-0002-4500-7885 slaselle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-7885","contributorId":181565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Selle","given":"SeanPaul","email":"slaselle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milne, F","contributorId":194414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milne","given":"F","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cascalho, J.","contributorId":194415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cascalho","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ponte Lira, C.","contributorId":194416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ponte Lira","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Andrade, C.","contributorId":194417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrade","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Freitas, M. C.","contributorId":194418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freitas","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70189297,"text":"70189297 - 2017 - Spatio-temporal evolution of the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma aftershock sequence revealed using subspace detection and relocation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T17:52:13","indexId":"70189297","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatio-temporal evolution of the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma aftershock sequence revealed using subspace detection and relocation","docAbstract":"The 6 November 2011 Mw 5.7 earthquake near Prague, Oklahoma is the second largest earthquake ever recorded in the state. A Mw 4.8 foreshock and the Mw 5.7 mainshock triggered a prolific aftershock sequence. Utilizing a subspace detection method, we increase by fivefold the number of precisely located events between 4 November and 5 December 2011. We find that while most aftershock energy is released in the crystalline basement, a significant number of the events occur in the overlying Arbuckle Group, indicating that active Meeker-Prague faulting extends into the sedimentary zone of wastewater disposal. Although the number of aftershocks in the Arbuckle Group is large, comprising ~40% of the aftershock catalog, the moment contribution of Arbuckle Group earthquakes is much less than 1% of the total aftershock moment budget. Aftershock locations are sparse in patches that experienced large slip during the mainshock.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017GL072944","usgsCitation":"McMahon, N.D., Aster, R.C., Yeck, W.L., McNamara, D.E., and Benz, H.M., 2017, Spatio-temporal evolution of the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma aftershock sequence revealed using subspace detection and relocation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 14, p. 7149-7158, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072944.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7149","endPage":"7158","ipdsId":"IP-085055","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7FJ2FNT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aftershock Catalog for the November 2011 Prague, Oklahoma Earthquake Sequence"},{"id":343512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59649233e4b0d1f9f05acd1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Nicole D 0000-0003-0308-3705 nmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-3705","contributorId":5811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Nicole","email":"nmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aster, Richard C. 0000-0002-0821-4906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-4906","contributorId":194410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aster","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189308,"text":"70189308 - 2017 - Coastal habitat and biological community response to dam removal on the Elwha River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T14:24:33","indexId":"70189308","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal habitat and biological community response to dam removal on the Elwha River","docAbstract":"Habitat diversity and heterogeneity play a fundamental role in structuring ecological communities. Dam emplacement and removal can fundamentally alter habitat characteristics, which in turn can affect associated biological communities. Beginning in the early 1900s, the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams in Washington, USA, withheld an estimated 30 million tonnes of sediment from river, coastal, and nearshore habitats. During the staged removal of these dams—the largest dam removal project in history—over 14 million tonnes of sediment were released from the former reservoirs. Our interdisciplinary study in coastal habitats—the first of its kind—shows how the physical changes to the river delta and estuary habitats during dam removal were linked to responses in biological communities. Sediment released during dam removal resulted in over a meter of sedimentation in the estuary and over 400 m of expansion of the river mouth delta landform. These changes increased the amount of supratidal and intertidal habitat, but also reduced the influx of seawater into the pre-removal estuary complex. The effects of these geomorphic and hydrologic changes cascaded to biological systems, reducing the abundance of macroinvertebrates and fish in the estuary and shifting community composition from brackish to freshwater-dominated species. Vegetation did not significantly change on the delta, but pioneer vegetation increased during dam removal, coinciding with the addition of newly available habitat. Understanding how coastal habitats respond to large-scale human stressors—and in some cases the removal of those stressors—is increasingly important as human uses and restoration activities increase in these habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1268","usgsCitation":"Foley, M.M., Warrick, J., Ritchie, A., Stevens, A.W., Shafroth, P.B., Duda, J.J., Beirne, M.M., Paradis, R., Gelfenbaum, G.R., McCoy, R., and Cubley, E.S., 2017, Coastal habitat and biological community response to dam removal on the Elwha River: Ecological Monographs, v. 87, no. 4, p. 552-577, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1268.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"577","ipdsId":"IP-078342","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75B00N4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ecological parameters in the Elwha River estuary before and during dam removal (ver. 2.0, August 2020)"},{"id":343524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","volume":"87","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59649231e4b0d1f9f05acd0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Melissa M. 0000-0002-5832-6404 mfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-6404","contributorId":4861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Melissa","email":"mfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":146720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C.","contributorId":139060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W. 0000-0003-2334-129X astevens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-129X","contributorId":139313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew","email":"astevens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":148954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beirne, Matthew M.","contributorId":194429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beirne","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Paradis, Rebecca","contributorId":145488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paradis","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":13135,"text":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCoy, Randall","contributorId":194430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCoy","given":"Randall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cubley, Erin S.","contributorId":194431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cubley","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70189304,"text":"70189304 - 2017 - Examples of storm impacts on barrier islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T19:05:19.217398","indexId":"70189304","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Examples of storm impacts on barrier islands","docAbstract":"This chapter focuses on the morphologic variability of barrier islands and on the differences in storm response. It describes different types of barrier island response to individual storms, as well as the integrated response of barrier islands to many storms. The chapter considers case study on the Chandeleur Island chain, where a decadal time series of island elevation measurements have documented a wide range of barrier island responses to storms and long-term processes that are representative of barrier island behaviour at many other locations. These islands are low elevation, extremely vulnerable to storms and exhibit a diversity of storm responses. Additionally, this location experiences a moderately high rate of relative sea-level rise, increasing its vulnerability to the combined impacts of storms and long-term erosional processes. Understanding how natural processes, including storm impacts and intervening recovery periods interact with man-made restoration processes is also broadly relevant to understand the natural and human response to future storms.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal storms: Processes and impacts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781118937099.ch4","usgsCitation":"Plant, N.G., Doran, K.S., and Stockdon, H.F., 2017, Examples of storm impacts on barrier islands, chap. 4 of Coastal storms: Processes and impacts, p. 65-79, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118937099.ch4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-068948","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59649231e4b0d1f9f05acd13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727 kdoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":148059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara","email":"kdoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178619,"text":"sim3372 - 2017 - Geologic map of the northern White Hills, Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T14:22:03","indexId":"sim3372","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3372","title":"Geologic map of the northern White Hills, Mohave County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The northern White Hills map area lies within the Kingman Uplift, a regional structural high in which Tertiary rocks lie directly on Proterozoic rocks as a result of Cretaceous orogenic uplift and erosional stripping of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata. The Miocene Salt Spring Fault forms the major structural boundary in the map area. This low-angle normal fault separates a footwall (lower plate) of Proterozoic gneisses on the east and south from a hanging wall (upper plate) of faulted middle Miocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks and their Proterozoic substrate. The fault is part of the South Virgin–White Hills Detachment Fault, which records significant tectonic extension that decreases from north to south. Along most of its trace, the Salt Spring Fault dips gently westward, but it also has north-dipping segments along salients. A dissected, domelike landscape on the eroded footwall, which contains antiformal salients and synformal reentrants, extends through the map area from Salt Spring Bay southward to the Golden Rule Peak area. The “Lost Basin Range” represents an upthrown block of the footwall, raised on the steeper Lost Basin Range Fault.
The Salt Spring Fault, as well as the normal faults that segment its hanging wall, deform rocks that are about 16 to 10 Ma, and younger deposits overlie the faults. Rhyodacitic welded tuff about 15 Ma underlies a succession of geochemically intermediate to progressively more mafic lavas (including alkali basalt) that range from about 14.7 to 8 Ma, interfingered with sedimentary rocks and breccias in the western part of the map area. Upper Miocene strata record further filling of the extension-formed continental basins. Basins that are still present in the modern landscape reflect the youngest stages of extensional-basin formation, expressed as the downfaulted Detrital Valley and Hualapai Wash basins in the western and eastern parts of the map area, respectively, as well as the north-centrally located, northward-sagged Temple Basin. Pliocene fluvial and piedmont alluvial fan deposits record postextensional basin incision, refilling, and reincision driven by the inception and evolution of the westward-flowing Colorado River, centered north of the map area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3372","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Priest, S.S., Lundstrom, S.C., and Block, D.L., 2017, Geologic map of the northern White Hills, Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3372, pamphlet 31 p., scale 1:50,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3372.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 31 p.; Sheet: 30.34 x 31.40 inches; Database; Metadata","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066011","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343328,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3372/sim3372_database.zip","text":"Database","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3372 Database"},{"id":343318,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3372/sim3372_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3372 Pamphlet"},{"id":343329,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3372/sim3372_metadata.zip","text":"Metadata","size":"50 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3372 Pamphlet"},{"id":343240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3372/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":343241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3372/sim3372_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3372 Sheet"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Mohave County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.5,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 35.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Anthropogenic climate change is causing a wide range of stresses in aquatic ecosystems, primarily through warming thermal conditions. Lakes, in response to these changes, are experiencing increases in both summer temperatures and ice-free days. We used continuous records of lake surface temperature and air temperature to create statistical models of daily mean lake surface temperature to assess thermal changes in mountain lakes. These models were combined with downscaled climate projections to predict future thermal conditions for 27 high-elevation lakes in the southern Rocky Mountains. The models predict a 0.25°C·decade-1increase in mean annual lake surface temperature through the 2080s, which is greater than warming rates of streams in this region. Most striking is that on average, ice-free days are predicted to increase by 5.9 days ·decade-1, and summer mean lake surface temperature is predicted to increase by 0.47°C·decade-1. Both could profoundly alter the length of the growing season and potentially change the structure and function of mountain lake ecosystems. These results highlight the changes expected of mountain lakes and stress the importance of incorporating climate-related adaptive strategies in the development of resource management plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0179498","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J., Fausch, K., Schmidt, T., and Walters, D.M., 2017, Thermal regimes of Rocky Mountain lakes warm with climate change: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 7, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179498.","productDescription":"e0179498, 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-076491","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179498","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"12","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59649232e4b0d1f9f05acd16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, James J. 0000-0002-4193-610X jroberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-610X","contributorId":5453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"jroberts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fausch, Kurt D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":29370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"Kurt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, David M. 0000-0002-4237-2158 waltersd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":140992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","email":"waltersd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70259475,"text":"70259475 - 2017 - Fluid-driven uplift at Long Valley Caldera, California: Geologic perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T12:18:39.023992","indexId":"70259475","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-08T07:07:22","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid-driven uplift at Long Valley Caldera, California: Geologic perspectives","docAbstract":"Assessing the welfare of wild populations of sirenians has required a “generalist” approach. The outcome has been a subjective decision as to whether what the observers are witnessing in an individual or group of animals is normal and whether that has positive or negative consequences. The understanding of sirenian welfare requirements, and a decision process for whether to support and maintain their natural habitats or to try to replicate it in a meaningful way in an artificial captive setting, is still in its early developmental stages and has dynamic qualities that are in need of urgent attention. In this chapter we use the knowledge and observations presented throughout the chapters on sirenians to outline a proposed standard approach for assessing welfare in individuals in wild populations, as well as guidelines for assessing captive groups of dugongs and manatees. In the wild, the suitability of the habitat and human impact on it, the limitations of carrying capacity, the dynamics of ecosystems, and the effects that the immediate environment will have on the known resident populations are examined. In captivity, we use the foundation of the Five Freedoms, based on experience derived from other captive species, and we combine this with experience from rehabilitating manatees in Europe and the United States and, more recently, dugongs in the Indo-Pacific, to identify requirements and to help us to assess the unique needs of these species when held in facilities. We present considerations and approaches to (1) holistically assess captive facilities and to assess the well-being of the individuals held in the facility, (2) derive a guideline for standard captive assessment, (3) determine if adequate welfare needs for the animals are being met, and (4) help to provide guidance on whether an animal is suitable for release after rehabilitation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammal welfare","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_21","usgsCitation":"Flint, M., and Bonde, R.K., 2017, Assessing welfare of individual sirenians in the wild and in captivity, chap. of Marine mammal welfare, v. 17, p. 381-393, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_21.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"393","ipdsId":"IP-075970","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db7e4b0d1f9f0594c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Mark","contributorId":194368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flint","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189270,"text":"70189270 - 2017 - Human interactions with sirenians (manatees and dugongs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T15:03:08.893532","indexId":"70189270","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Human interactions with sirenians (manatees and dugongs)","docAbstract":"There are three extant sirenian species of the Trichechidae family and one living Dugongidae family member. Given their close ties to coastal and often urbanized habitats, sirenians are exposed to many types of anthropogenic activities that result in challenges to their well-being, poor health, and even death. In the wild, they are exposed to direct and indirect local pressures as well as subject to large-scale stressors such as global climate change acting on regions or entire genetic stocks. In captivity, they are subject to husbandry and management practices based on our collective knowledge, or in some cases lack thereof, of their needs and welfare. It is therefore reasonable to consider that their current imperiled status is very closely linked to our actions. In this chapter, we identify and define human interactions that may impact dugongs and manatees, including hunting, fisheries, boat interactions, negative interactions with man-made structures, disease and contaminants, and global climate change. We examine techniques used to investigate these impacts and the influence of sirenian biology and of changing human behaviors on potential outcomes. We examine how this differs for dugongs and manatees in the wild and for those held in captivity. Finally, we provide possible mitigation strategies and ways to assess the efforts we are making to improve the welfare of individuals and to conserve these species. This chapter identifies how the welfare of these species is intrinsically linked to the human interactions these animals experience, and how the nature of these interactions has changed with societal shifts. We proffer suggested ways to minimize negative impacts. Current knowledge should be used to minimize negative human interactions and impacts, to promote positive impacts, and to protect these animals for the future.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammal welfare","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_17","usgsCitation":"Bonde, R.K., and Flint, M., 2017, Human interactions with sirenians (manatees and dugongs), chap. of Marine mammal welfare, v. 17, p. 299-314, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_17.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"314","ipdsId":"IP-075969","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db7e4b0d1f9f0594c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Mark","contributorId":194368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flint","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189277,"text":"70189277 - 2017 - Mapping burned areas using dense time-series of Landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T15:43:05.359179","indexId":"70189277","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping burned areas using dense time-series of Landsat data","docAbstract":"Complete and accurate burned area data are needed to document patterns of fires, to quantify relationships between the patterns and drivers of fire occurrence, and to assess the impacts of fires on human and natural systems. Unfortunately, in many areas existing fire occurrence datasets are known to be incomplete. Consequently, the need to systematically collect burned area information has been recognized by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which have both called for the production of essential climate variables (ECVs), including information about burned area. In this paper, we present an algorithm that identifies burned areas in dense time-series of Landsat data to produce the Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable (BAECV) products. The algorithm uses gradient boosted regression models to generate burn probability surfaces using band values and spectral indices from individual Landsat scenes, lagged reference conditions, and change metrics between the scene and reference predictors. Burn classifications are generated from the burn probability surfaces using pixel-level thresholding in combination with a region growing process. The algorithm can be applied anywhere Landsat and training data are available. For this study, BAECV products were generated for the conterminous United States from 1984 through 2015. These products consist of pixel-level burn probabilities for each Landsat scene, in addition to, annual composites including: the maximum burn probability and a burn classification. We compared the BAECV burn classification products to the existing Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED; 1997–2015) and Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS; 1984–2013) data. We found that the BAECV products mapped 36% more burned area than the GFED and 116% more burned area than MTBS. Differences between the BAECV products and the GFED were especially high in the West and East where the BAECV products mapped 32% and 88% more burned area, respectively. However, the BAECV products found less burned area than the GFED in regions with frequent agricultural fires. Compared to the MTBS data, the BAECV products identified 31% more burned area in the West, 312% more in the Great Plains, and 233% more in the East. Most pixels in the MTBS data were detected by the BAECV, regardless of burn severity. The BAECV products document patterns of fire similar to those in the GFED but also showed patterns of fire that are not well characterized by the existing MTBS data. We anticipate the BAECV products will be useful to studies that seek to understand past patterns of fire occurrence, the drivers that created them, and the impacts fires have on natural and human systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.027","usgsCitation":"Hawbaker, T., Vanderhoof, M.K., Beal, Y.G., Takacs, J., Schmidt, G.L., Falgout, J.T., Williams, B., Brunner, N.M., Caldwell, M., Picotte, J.J., Howard, S.M., Stitt, S., and Dwyer, J.L., 2017, Mapping burned areas using dense time-series of Landsat data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 198, p. 504-522, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.027.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"522","ipdsId":"IP-077532","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37273,"text":"Advanced Research Computing (ARC)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher 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nbrunner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9657-2860","contributorId":5323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunner","given":"Nicole","email":"nbrunner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caldwell, Megan K. 0000-0003-0759-2793","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0759-2793","contributorId":194382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Picotte, Joshua J. 0000-0002-4021-4623 jpicotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-4623","contributorId":4626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picotte","given":"Joshua","email":"jpicotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stitt, Susan 0000-0002-0663-2696","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0663-2696","contributorId":194383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70189641,"text":"70189641 - 2017 - Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:21:08","indexId":"70189641","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications","docAbstract":"Mountains receive a greater proportion of precipitation than other environments, and thus make a disproportionate contribution to the world’s water supply. The Luquillo Mountains receive the highest rainfall on the island of Puerto Rico and serve as a critical source of water to surrounding communities. The area’s role as a long-term research site has generated numerous hydrological, ecological, and geological investigations that have been included in regional and global overviews that compare tropical forests to other ecosystems. Most of the forest- and watershed-wide estimates of precipitation (and evapotranspiration, as inferred by a water balance) have assumed that precipitation increases consistently with elevation. However, in this new analysis of all known current and historical rain gages in the region, we find that similar to other mountainous islands in the trade wind latitudes, leeward (western) watersheds in the Luquillo Mountains receive lower mean annual precipitation than windward (eastern) watersheds. Previous studies in the Luquillo Mountains have therefore overestimated precipitation in leeward watersheds by up to 40%. The Icacos watershed, however, despite being located at elevations 200–400 m below the tallest peaks and to the lee of the first major orographic barrier, receives some of the highest precipitation. Such lee-side enhancement has been observed in other island mountains of similar height and width, and may be caused by several mechanisms. Thus, the long-reported discrepancy of unrealistically low rates of evapotranspiration in the Icacos watershed is likely caused by previous underestimation of precipitation, perhaps by as much as 20%. Rainfall/runoff ratios in several previous studies suggested either runoff excess or runoff deficiency in Luquillo watersheds, but this analysis suggests that in fact they are similar to other tropical watersheds. Because the Luquillo Mountains often serve as a wet tropical archetype in global assessments of basic ecohydrological processes, these revised estimates are relevant to regional and global assessments of runoff efficiency, hydrologic effects of reforestation, geomorphic processes, and climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS One ","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0180987","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S.F., Stallard, R.F., Scholl, M.A., Gonzalez, G., and Torres-Sanchez, A.J., 2017, Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 7, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180987.","productDescription":"26 p. 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Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gonzalez, Grizelle","contributorId":194872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Grizelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Torres-Sanchez, Angel J. 0000-0002-5595-021X ajtorres@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-021X","contributorId":5623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Sanchez","given":"Angel","email":"ajtorres@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188672,"text":"ofr20171077 - 2017 - Factors affecting marsh vegetation at the Liberty Island Conservation Bank in the Cache Slough region of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T15:59:11","indexId":"ofr20171077","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1077","title":"Factors affecting marsh vegetation at the Liberty Island Conservation Bank in the Cache Slough region of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California","docAbstract":"The Liberty Island Conservation Bank (LICB) is a tidal freshwater marsh restored for the purpose of mitigating adverse effects on sensitive fish populations elsewhere in the region. The LICB was completed in 2012 and is in the northern Cache Slough region of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. The wetland vegetation at the LICB is stunted and yellow-green in color (chlorotic) compared to nearby wetlands. A study was done to investigate three potential causes of the stunted and chlorotic vegetation: (1) improper grading of the marsh plain, (2) pesticide contamination from agricultural and urban inputs upstream from the site, (3) nitrogen-deficient soil, or some combination of these. Water samples were collected from channels at five sites, and soil samples were collected from four wetlands, including the LICB, during the summer of 2015. Real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) elevation surveys were completed at the LICB and north Little Holland Tract, a closely situated natural marsh that has similar hydrodynamics as the LICB, but contains healthy marsh vegetation.
The results showed no significant differences in carbon or nitrogen content in the surface soils or in pesticides in water among the sites. The elevation survey indicated that the mean elevation of the LICB was about 26 centimeters higher than that of the north Little Holland Tract marsh. Because marsh plain elevation largely determines the hydroperiod of a marsh, these results indicated that the LICB has a hydroperiod that differs from that of neighboring north Little Holland Tract marsh. This difference in hydroperiod contributed to the lower stature and decreased vigor of wetland vegetation at the LICB. Although the LICB cannot be regraded without great expense, it could be possible to reduce the sharp angle of the marsh edge to facilitate deeper and more frequent tidal flooding along the marsh periphery. Establishing optimal elevations for restored wetlands is necessary for obtaining the full suite of ecosystem services provided by tidal wetlands. A better system of tidal benchmarks throughout the delta is needed to help restoration practitioners correctly grade the elevation of newly restored wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171077","usgsCitation":"Orlando, J.L., and Drexler, J.Z., 2017, Factors affecting marsh vegetation at the Liberty Island Conservation Bank in the Cache Slough region of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1077, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171077.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075770","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343340,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1077/ofr20171077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1077"},{"id":343339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1077/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Liberty Island Conservation Bank, Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.80370330810547,\n 38.15939647721454\n ],\n [\n -121.5427780151367,\n 38.15939647721454\n ],\n [\n -121.5427780151367,\n 38.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.80370330810547,\n 38.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.80370330810547,\n 38.15939647721454\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
A synthesis of field, biostratigraphic, detrital zircon geochronologic, and remote sensing data across north-central Nevada, United States, defines a thick, regionally extensive sheet of Middle–Upper Ordovician Valmy Formation quartzite that structurally overlies deformed early Paleozoic units of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Late Paleozoic regional unconformities that record tectonic disruptions have been recognized in the foreland of central and eastern Nevada and locally within the Roberts Mountains allochthon; these identify multiple, regional tectonic events between the Devonian–Mississippian initiation of the Antler orogeny and the Permian–Triassic Sonoma orogeny. However, few studies have documented the regional kinematic history of the Robert Mountains allochthon sensu stricto. In the Independence Mountains of northern Nevada, emplacement of the Roberts Mountains allochthon is restricted to the Mississippian. In the Tuscarora Mountains, the range west and southwest of the Independence Mountains, several deformation events have been identified, and emplacement of the thrust sheet containing the Valmy Formation is restricted to the Late Pennsylvanian–Early Permian. These structural and temporal relations, reflected in the Antler foreland basin adjacent to the Roberts Mountains allochthon and overlap sequences, suggest that the Roberts Mountains allochthon is a composite stratigraphic terrane assembled along the Cordilleran margin during two or more late Paleozoic contractional events.
Valmy Formation deposits likely represent the development of coalescing submarine fans below or within bypass channels in a deep slope or rise environment. Petrographic characteristics, biostratigraphy, and detrital zircon U-Pb age populations of the Valmy Formation link it to coeval slope and rise turbidites of the Vinini Formation and shelfal Eureka Quartzite; Valmy Formation detrital zircon age populations are dissimilar to the rift-to-drift facies of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Prospect Mountain Quartzite. Throughout north-central Nevada, the Valmy Formation is in fault contact with units of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, including the Devonian–Mississippian Slaven Chert, Silurian–Devonian Elder Sandstone, and Cambrian(?)–Ordovician Vinini Formation, which were deformed prior to, or during, emplacement of the thrust sheet containing Valmy Formation quartzite. Our mapping and data synthesis, guided by regional quartz maps based on remote sensing (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer [ASTER]) data, delineate similar structural relationships discontinuously for >200 km along strike of the Roberts Mountains allochthon.
Exploration for concealed gold deposits within reach of drilling requires knowledge of the relative thicknesses of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and the Valmy Formation. Overall thicknesses of deformed Roberts Mountains allochthon units between the Valmy Formation and underlying carbonate rocks, which host large, world-class Carlin-type gold deposits, vary by hundreds of meters, but are generally less than 700 m in three of the areas studied here. Recognition of windows through and klippen of the Roberts Mountains allochthon is essential for identification of areas where deposits may be at or near the surface. Correspondingly, most ongoing exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits subjacent to the Roberts Mountains allochthon targets concealed deposits. The model proposed in this study is applicable to determining depth to rocks prospective for undiscovered deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31491.1","usgsCitation":"Holm-Denoma, C.S., Hofstra, A.H., Rockwell, B., and Noble, P.J., 2017, The Valmy thrust sheet: A regional structure formed during the protracted assembly of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada, USA: GSA Bulletin, v. 129, no. 11-12, p. 1521-1536, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31491.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1536","ipdsId":"IP-077542","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"11-12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf52b6ae4b045bfcae28010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":203924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, Paula J.","contributorId":40455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189248,"text":"70189248 - 2017 - Trimming a hazard logic tree with a new model-order-reduction technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:36:41","indexId":"70189248","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trimming a hazard logic tree with a new model-order-reduction technique","docAbstract":"The size of the logic tree within the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Version 3, Time-Dependent (UCERF3-TD) model can challenge risk analyses of large portfolios. An insurer or catastrophe risk modeler concerned with losses to a California portfolio might have to evaluate a portfolio 57,600 times to estimate risk in light of the hazard possibility space. Which branches of the logic tree matter most, and which can one ignore? We employed two model-order-reduction techniques to simplify the model. We sought a subset of parameters that must vary, and the specific fixed values for the remaining parameters, to produce approximately the same loss distribution as the original model. The techniques are (1) a tornado-diagram approach we employed previously for UCERF2, and (2) an apparently novel probabilistic sensitivity approach that seems better suited to functions of nominal random variables. The new approach produces a reduced-order model with only 60 of the original 57,600 leaves. One can use the results to reduce computational effort in loss analyses by orders of magnitude.
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/092616EQS158M","usgsCitation":"Porter, K., Field, E., and Milner, K.R., 2017, Trimming a hazard logic tree with a new model-order-reduction technique: Earthquake Spectra, v. 33, no. 3, p. 857-874, https://doi.org/10.1193/092616EQS158M.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"874","ipdsId":"IP-086311","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c34e4b0d1f9f057e2e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, Keith","contributorId":191074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":1165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward H.","email":"field@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milner, Kevin R.","contributorId":194141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189187,"text":"70189187 - 2017 - Methods for measuring bird-mediated seed rain: Insights from a Hawaiian mesic forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:34:38","indexId":"70189187","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for measuring bird-mediated seed rain: Insights from a Hawaiian mesic forest","docAbstract":"Amount and diversity of bird-dispersed seed rain play important roles in determining forest composition, yet neither is easy to quantify. The complex ecological processes that influence seed movement make the best approach highly context specific. Although recent advances in seed rain theory emphasize quantifying source-specific seed shadows, many ecological questions can be addressed u sing a less mechanistic approach that requires fewer assumptions. Using seed rain rates from 0.38 m2 hoop traps sampled twice monthly over the course of a year, we show that number of traps required to identify changes in seed rain varies across seed species and forest type. Detecting a 50% increase in amount of seed rain required from 65 to >300 traps, while detecting a 200% increase generally required ≤⃒50 traps. Trap size and ecological context dictate the number of seeds found in each trap, but the coefficient of variation (CV) across traps in a given ecological context can help inform future studies about number of traps needed to detect change. To better understand factors influencing variation around estimates of seed rain, we simulated both clustered and evenly distributed patterns of fecal deposition using three different levels of seed aggregation (number of seeds in each fecal deposit). When patterns of fecal deposition were clustered, rather than evenly dispersed across the study area, they required >1.5 times the number of traps to identify a 100% increase in seed rain. Similarly, we found that low seed aggregation required >1.5 times the number of traps to detect a 100% change than when aggregation was medium or high. At low aggregations, fewer seed rain traps contained seeds (low, 33 ± 5%; medium, 23 ± 4%; high, 24 ± 5%), resulting in more variation across traps than medium and high aggregations. We also illustrate the importance of training observers to discern between morphologically similar seeds from different species and provide resources to help identify bird-dispersed seeds commonly found within midelevation mesic Hawaiian forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i Press","doi":"10.2984/71.3.4","usgsCitation":"Rose, E., Stewart, M., Brinkman, A., Paxton, E., and Yelenik, S.G., 2017, Methods for measuring bird-mediated seed rain: Insights from a Hawaiian mesic forest: Pacific Science, v. 71, no. 3, p. 287-302, https://doi.org/10.2984/71.3.4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"302","ipdsId":"IP-079989","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33672332763672,\n 19.765734268853272\n ],\n [\n -155.22994995117188,\n 19.765734268853272\n ],\n [\n -155.22994995117188,\n 19.877808848505918\n ],\n [\n -155.33672332763672,\n 19.877808848505918\n ],\n [\n -155.33672332763672,\n 19.765734268853272\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c38e4b0d1f9f057e308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Eli 0000-0003-0958-9491 etrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-9491","contributorId":194190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Eli","email":"etrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Meredith","contributorId":194191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Meredith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinkman, Andrew","contributorId":194192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brinkman","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yelenik, Stephanie G. 0000-0002-9011-0769 syelenik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0769","contributorId":5251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelenik","given":"Stephanie","email":"syelenik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189188,"text":"70189188 - 2017 - Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:35:53","indexId":"70189188","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie","docAbstract":"Prescribed fire is used to reverse invasion by woody vegetation on grasslands, but managers often are uncertain whether influences of shrub and tree reduction outweigh potential effects of fire on nest survival of grassland birds. During the 2001–2003 breeding seasons, we examined relationships of prescribed fire and woody vegetation to nest survival of clay-colored sparrow (Spizella pallida) and Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) in mixed-grass prairie at Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern North Dakota, USA. We assessed relationships of nest survival to 1) recent fire history, in terms of number of breeding seasons (2, 3, or 4–5) since the last prescribed fire, and 2) prevalence of trees and tall (>1.5 m) shrubs in the landscape and of low (≤1.5 m) shrubs within 5 m of nests. Nest survival of both species exhibited distinct patterns related to age of the nest and day of year, but bore no relationship to fire history. Survival of clay-colored sparrow nests declined as the amount of trees and tall shrubs within 100 m increased, but we found no relationship to suggest nest parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) as an underlying mechanism. We found little evidence linking nest survival of Savannah sparrow to woody vegetation. Our results suggest that fire can be used to restore northern mixed-grass prairies without adversely affecting nest survival of ≥2 widespread passerine species. Survival of nests of clay-colored sparrow may increase when tall woody cover is reduced by fire. Our data lend support to the use of fire for reducing scattered patches of tall woody cover to enhance survival of nests of ≥1 grassland bird species in northern mixed-grass prairies, but further study is needed that incorporates experimental approaches and assessments of shorter term effects of fire on survival of nests of grassland passerines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.780","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R.K., Shaffer, T.L., Grant, T.A., Derrig, J.L., Rubin, C.S., and Kerns, C.K., 2017, Sparrow nest survival in relation to prescribed fire and woody plant invasion in a northern mixed-grass prairie: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 41, no. 3, p. 442-452, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.780.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"452","ipdsId":"IP-045948","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/d19b29daa58a454f9da6891f214753d5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"41","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c37e4b0d1f9f057e303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Robert K.","contributorId":67643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":56253,"text":"Eagle Environmental, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Todd A.","contributorId":194194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derrig, James L.","contributorId":194193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derrig","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubin, Cory S.","contributorId":194196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kerns, Courtney K.","contributorId":194195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerns","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70189241,"text":"70189241 - 2017 - Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T16:33:33","indexId":"70189241","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc","docAbstract":"To better understand the role of slab melt in the petrogenesis of North Cascades magmas, this study focuses on petrogenesis of high-Mg lavas from the two northernmost active volcanoes in Washington. High-Mg andesites (HMA) and basaltic andesites (HMBA) in the Cascade Arc have high Mg# [molar Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)] relative to their SiO2 contents, elevated Nd/Yb, and are Ni- and Cr-enriched. The rock units examined here include the Tarn Plateau HMBA (51.8–54.0 wt% SiO2, Mg# 68–70) and Glacier Creek HMA (58.3–58.7 wt% SiO2, Mg# 63–64) from the Mount Baker Volcanic Field, and the Lightning Creek HMBA (54.8–54.6 SiO2, Mg# 69–73) from Glacier Peak. This study combines major and trace element compositions of minerals and whole rocks to test several petrogenetic hypotheses and to determine which, if any, are applicable to North Cascades HMA and HMBA. In the Tarn Plateau HMBA, rare earth element (REE) equilibrium liquids calculated from clinopyroxene compositions have high Nd/Yb that positively correlates with Mg#. This correlation suggests an origin similar to that proposed for Aleutian adakites, where intermediate, high Nd/Yb slab-derived melts interact with the overlying mantle to become Mg-rich, and subsequently mix with low Nd/Yb, mantle-derived mafic magmas with lower Mg#. In the Glacier Creek HMA, elevated whole-rock MgO and SiO2 contents resulted from accumulation of xenocrystic olivine and differentiation processes, respectively, but the cause of high Nd/Yb is less clear. However, high whole-rock Sr/P (fluid mobile/fluid immobile) values indicate a mantle source that was fluxed by an enriched, hydrous slab component, likely producing the observed high Nd/Yb REE signature. The Lightning Creek HMBA is a hybridized rock unit with at least three identifiable magmatic components, but only one of which has HMA characteristics. Cr and Mg contents in Cr-spinel and olivine pairs in this HMA component suggest that its source is a strongly depleted mantle, and high whole-rock Sr/P values indicate mantle melting that was induced through hydration, likely adding the component responsible for the observed high Nd/Yb REE pattern. The elevated SiO2 contents (54.6 wt%) of the HMA component resulted from differentiation or high degrees of partial melting of ultramafic material through the addition of H2O. Therefore the Lightning Creek HMBA is interpreted to have originated from a refractory mantle source that underwent melting through interaction with an enriched slab component. Our results indicate that in addition to slab-derived fluids, slab-derived melts also have an important role in the production of HMA and HMBA in the north Cascade Arc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-2017-5756","usgsCitation":"Sas, M., DeBari, S., Clynne, M.A., and Rusk, B.G., 2017, Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc: American Mineralogist, v. 102, no. 5, p. 948-965, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5756.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"948","endPage":"965","ipdsId":"IP-074407","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Cascade Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.935546875,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -128.935546875,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -128.935546875,\n 40.06125658140474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c35e4b0d1f9f057e2f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sas, May","contributorId":194298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sas","given":"May","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeBari, Susan","contributorId":194299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBari","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rusk, Brian G.","contributorId":23648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189210,"text":"70189210 - 2017 - Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T10:11:57","indexId":"70189210","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves","docAbstract":"Recent great earthquakes and tsunamis around the world have heightened awareness of the inevitability of similar events occurring within the Cascadia Subduction Zone of the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed seafloor temperature, pressure, and seismic signals, and video stills of sediment-enveloped instruments recorded during the 2011–2015 Cascadia Initiative experiment, and seafloor morphology. Our results led us to suggest that thick accretionary prism sediments amplified and extended seismic wave durations from the 11 April 2012 Mw8.6 Indian Ocean earthquake, located more than 13,500 km away. These waves triggered a sequence of small slope failures on the Cascadia margin that led to sediment gravity flows culminating in turbidity currents. Previous studies have related the triggering of sediment-laden gravity flows and turbidite deposition to local earthquakes, but this is the first study in which the originating seismic event is extremely distant (> 10,000 km). The possibility of remotely triggered slope failures that generate sediment-laden gravity flows should be considered in inferences of recurrence intervals of past great Cascadia earthquakes from turbidite sequences. Future similar studies may provide new understanding of submarine slope failures and turbidity currents and the hazards they pose to seafloor infrastructure and tsunami generation in regions both with and without local earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013689","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H.P., Gomberg, J.S., Hautala, S., and Salmi, M., 2017, Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 122, no. 6, p. 4584-4600, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013689.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"4584","endPage":"4600","ipdsId":"IP-076027","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1402347","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c36e4b0d1f9f057e2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, H. Paul","contributorId":99989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hautala, Susan","contributorId":194235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hautala","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salmi, Marie","contributorId":194236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmi","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189211,"text":"70189211 - 2017 - Quantifying the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field using borehole data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-25T13:53:59","indexId":"70189211","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field using borehole data","docAbstract":"The heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field is a fundamental property which influences earthquake dynamics and subsurface engineering. Self-similar scaling of stress heterogeneities is frequently assumed to explain characteristics of earthquakes such as the magnitude-frequency relation. However, observational evidence for such scaling of the stress field heterogeneity is scarce.
We analyze the local stress orientations using image logs of two closely spaced boreholes in the Coso Geothermal Field with sub-vertical and deviated trajectories, respectively, each spanning about 2 km in depth. Both the mean and the standard deviation of stress orientation indicators (borehole breakouts, drilling-induced fractures and petal-centerline fractures) determined from each borehole agree to the limit of the resolution of our method although measurements at specific depths may not. We find that the standard deviation in these boreholes strongly depends on the interval length analyzed, generally increasing up to a wellbore log length of about 600 m and constant for longer intervals. We find the same behavior in global data from the World Stress Map. This suggests that the standard deviation of stress indicators characterizes the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field rather than the quality of the stress measurement. A large standard deviation of a stress measurement might be an expression of strong crustal heterogeneity rather than of an unreliable stress determination. Robust characterization of stress heterogeneity requires logs that sample stress indicators along a representative sample volume of at least 1 km.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017JB014370","usgsCitation":"Schoenball, M., and Davatzes, N.C., 2017, Quantifying the heterogeneity of the tectonic stress field using borehole data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 122, no. 8, p. 6737-6756, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014370.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"6737","endPage":"6756","ipdsId":"IP-079145","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c36e4b0d1f9f057e2f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenball, Martin mschoenball@usgs.gov","contributorId":5760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenball","given":"Martin","email":"mschoenball@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189263,"text":"70189263 - 2017 - A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T20:55:01","indexId":"70189263","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections","docAbstract":"Channel migration is the primary mechanism of floodplain turnover in meandering rivers and is essential to the persistence of riparian ecosystems. Channel migration is driven by river flows, but short-term records cannot disentangle the effects of land use, flow diversion, past floods, and climate change. We used three data sets to quantify nearly two centuries of channel migration on the Powder River in Montana. The most precise data set came from channel cross sections measured an average of 21 times from 1975 to 2014. We then extended spatial and temporal scales of analysis using aerial photographs (1939–2013) and by aging plains cottonwoods along transects (1830–2014). Migration rates calculated from overlapping periods across data sets mostly revealed cross-method consistency. Data set integration revealed that migration rates have declined since peaking at 5 m/year in the two decades after the extreme 1923 flood (3000 m3/s). Averaged over the duration of each data set, cross section channel migration occurred at 0.81 m/year, compared to 1.52 m/year for the medium-length air photo record and 1.62 m/year for the lengthy cottonwood record. Powder River peak annual flows decreased by 48% (201 vs. 104 m3/s) after the largest flood of the post-1930 gaged record (930 m3/s in 1978). Declining peak discharges led to a 53% reduction in channel width and a 29% increase in sinuosity over the 1939–2013 air photo record. Changes in planform geometry and reductions in channel migration make calculations of floodplain turnover rates dependent on the period of analysis. We found that the intensively studied last four decades do not represent the past two centuries
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.001","usgsCitation":"Schook, D.M., Rathburn, S.L., Friedman, J.M., and Wolf, J.M., 2017, A 184-year record of river meander migration from tree rings, aerial imagery, and cross sections: Geomorphology, v. 293, no. Part A, p. 227-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"239","ipdsId":"IP-087820","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"293","issue":"Part A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c32e4b0d1f9f057e2d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schook, Derek M.","contributorId":178325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schook","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13539,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathburn, Sara L.","contributorId":140606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathburn","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13539,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolf, J. Marshall","contributorId":194350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Marshall","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}