Combination of datasets acquired from different sensor systems is necessary to construct a long time-series dataset for remotely sensed land-surface variables. Assessment of the agreement of the data derived from various sources is an important issue in understanding the data continuity through the time-series. Some traditional measures, including correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, and root mean square error, are not always optimal for evaluating the data agreement. For this reason, we developed a new agreement coefficient for comparing two different images. The agreement coefficient has the following properties: non-dimensional, bounded, symmetric, and distinguishable between systematic and unsystematic differences. The paper provides examples of agreement analyses for hypothetical data and actual remotely sensed data. The results demonstrate that the agreement coefficient does include the above properties, and therefore is a useful tool for image comparison.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.7.823","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., and Gallo, K., 2006, An agreement coefficient for image comparison: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 7, p. 823-833, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.7.823.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"833","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.7.823","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg","text":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/manager/#spn-pane"}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e7e4b0c8380cd48505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallo, Kevin 0000-0001-9162-5011 kgallo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-5011","contributorId":192334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":418367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028934,"text":"70028934 - 2006 - Development and implementation of software systems for imaging spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028934","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development and implementation of software systems for imaging spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Specialized software systems have played a crucial role throughout the twenty-five year course of the development of the new technology of imaging spectroscopy, or hyperspectral remote sensing. By their very nature, hyperspectral data place unique and demanding requirements on the computer software used to visualize, analyze, process and interpret them. Often described as a marriage of the two technologies of reflectance spectroscopy and airborne/spaceborne remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy, in fact, produces data sets with unique qualities, unlike previous remote sensing or spectrometer data. Because of these unique spatial and spectral properties hyperspectral data are not readily processed or exploited with legacy software systems inherited from either of the two parent fields of study. This paper provides brief reviews of seven important software systems developed specifically for imaging spectroscopy.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2006 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS","conferenceDate":"31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510","isbn":"0780395107; 9780780395107","usgsCitation":"Boardman, J., Clark, R.N., Mazer, A., Biehl, L., Kruse, F., Torson, J., and Staenz, K., 2006, Development and implementation of software systems for imaging spectroscopy, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Denver, CO, 31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006, p. 1969-1973, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510.","startPage":"1969","endPage":"1973","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510"},{"id":236659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0025e4b0c8380cd4f5f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boardman, J.W.","contributorId":106301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazer, A.S.","contributorId":27660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazer","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biehl, L.L.","contributorId":70981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biehl","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kruse, F.A.","contributorId":30676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Torson, J.","contributorId":106691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Staenz, K.","contributorId":40790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staenz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028883,"text":"70028883 - 2006 - Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028883","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA","docAbstract":"Speciation and microbial transformation of Hg was studied in mine waste from abandoned Hg mines in SW Texas to evaluate the potential for methyl-Hg production and degradation in mine wastes. In mine waste samples, total Hg, ionic Hg2+, Hg0, methyl-Hg, organic C, and total S concentrations were measured, various Hg compounds were identified using thermal desorption pyrolysis, and potential rates of Hg methylation and methyl-Hg demethylation were determined using isotopic-tracer methods. These data are the first reported for Hg mines in this region. Total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations were also determined in stream sediment collected downstream from two of the mines to evaluate transport of Hg and methylation in surrounding ecosystems. Mine waste contains total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations as high as 19,000 ??g/g and 1500 ng/g, respectively, which are among the highest concentrations reported at Hg mines worldwide. Pyrolysis analyses show that mine waste contains variable amounts of cinnabar, metacinnabar, Hg0, and Hg sorbed onto particles. Methyl-Hg concentrations in mine waste correlate positively with ionic Hg2+, organic C, and total S, which are geochemical parameters that influence processes of Hg cycling and methylation. Net methylation rates were as high as 11,000 ng/g/day, indicating significant microbial Hg methylation at some sites, especially in samples collected inside retorts. Microbially-mediated methyl-Hg demethylation was also observed in many samples, but where both methylation and demethylation were found, the potential rate of methylation was faster. Total Hg concentrations in stream sediment samples were generally below the probable effect concentration of 1.06 ??g/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment dwelling organisms; whereas total Hg concentrations in mine waste samples were found to exceed this concentration, although this is a sediment quality guideline and is not directly applicable to mine waste. Although total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations are locally high in some mine waste samples, little Hg appears to be exported from these Hg mines in stream sediment primarily due to the arid climate and lack of precipitation and mine runoff in this region. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Hines, M., and Biester, H., 2006, Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1940-1954, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016.","startPage":"1940","endPage":"1954","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016"},{"id":236380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5423e4b0c8380cd6cec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, M.E.","contributorId":97287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biester, H.","contributorId":44333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biester","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028541,"text":"70028541 - 2006 - Geodetic antenna calibration test in the Antarctic environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028541","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geodetic antenna calibration test in the Antarctic environment","docAbstract":"TransAntarctic Mountain DEFormation (TAMDEF) Monitoring Network is the NSF-sponsored OSU and USGS project, aimed at measuring crustal motion in the Transantarctic Mountains of Victoria Land using GPS carrier phase measurements. Station monumentation, antenna mounts, antenna types, and data processing strategies were optimized to achieve mm-level estimates for the rates of motion. These data contributes also to regional Antarctic frame definition. Significant amount of data collected over several years allow the investigation of unique aspects of GPS geodesy in Antarctica, to determine how the error spectrum compares to the mid-latitude regions, and to identify the optimum measurement and data processing schemes for Antarctic conditions, in order to test the predicted rates of motion (mm-level w.r.t. time). The data collection for the TAMDEF project was initiated in 1996. The primary antenna used has been the Ashtech L1/L2 Dorne Margolin (D/M) choke ring. A few occupations involved the use of a Trimble D/M choke ring. The data were processed using the antenna calibration data available from the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). The recent developments in new antenna designs that are lighter in weight and lower in cost are being considered as a possible alternative to the bulkier and more expensive D/M choke ring design. In November 2003, in situ testing of three alternative models of L1/L2 antennas was conducted at a site located in the vicinity of McMurdo Station, Antarctica (S77.87, E166.56). The antenna models used in this test were: Ashtech D/M choke ring, Trimble D/M choke ring, Trimble Zephyr, and the NovAtel GPS-702. Two stations, spaced within 30 meters, were used in the test. Both had the characteristics similar to the stations of the TAMDEF network, i.e., the UNAVCO fixed-height, force-centered level mounts with a constant antenna offset were used, ensuring extreme stability of the antenna/ mount/pin set up. During each of the four 3-day test data collection sessions, a reference station was occupied continuously with the Ashtech D/M choke ring antenna, while the second station was occupied by the tested antennas, one 3-day session for each antenna type. The coordinate differences were produced using software optimized for the analysis of data collected over short baselines. Each solution incorporated the NGS antenna calibration data appropriate for each antenna model. Hourly and 24-hour solutions were analyzed for repeatability and compared to the standard baseline coordinate differences. No significant variation was observed when comparing the same type of antennas and when switching antennas at the test site using daily solutions. An mm-level scatter can be observed comparing different antennas over the 1-hour solutions; it is smaller for the horizontal components, as compared to the vertical direction. At this point, it can be concluded that the standard antenna calibration models from NGS used for each antenna involved in this test did not result in any significant variation in the daily results, but with some in the hourly results. Thus, based on this fact, the antenna types tested here could be used in the future TAMDEF campaigns, where 24-hour solutions are normally used for deformation monitoring. These results can serve as good guidance to any future use of GPS equipment in Antarctica.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006","conferenceTitle":"Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006","conferenceDate":"26 September 2006 through 29 September 2006","conferenceLocation":"Fort Worth, TX","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Grejner-Brzezinska, A., Vazquez, E., and Hothem, L., 2006, Geodetic antenna calibration test in the Antarctic environment, in Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006, v. 5, Fort Worth, TX, 26 September 2006 through 29 September 2006, p. 2798-2806.","startPage":"2798","endPage":"2806","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a173ae4b0c8380cd55432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grejner-Brzezinska, A.","contributorId":52776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grejner-Brzezinska","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vazquez, E.","contributorId":14997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hothem, L.","contributorId":13801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028531,"text":"70028531 - 2006 - Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028531","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at eight sites within the Buffalo Slough, near Portland, Oregon, to (1) measure the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine (OC) compounds in the slough, (2) assess the usefulness of SPMDs as a tool for investigating and monitoring hydrophobic compounds throughout the Columbia Slough system, and (3) evaluate the utility of SPMDs as a tool for measuring the long-term effects of watershed improvement activities. Data from the SPMDs revealed clear spatial and seasonal differences in water quality within the slough and indicate that for hydrophobic compounds, this time-integrated passive-sampling technique is a useful tool for long-term watershed monitoring. In addition, the data suggest that a spiking rate of 2-5 ??g/SPMD of permeability/performance reference compounds, including at least one compound that is not susceptible to photodegradation, may be optimum for the conditions encountered here. ?? Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K., 2006, Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 118, no. 1-3, p. 293-318, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x.","startPage":"293","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x"},{"id":236425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee69e4b0c8380cd49d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, K.","contributorId":48287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028645,"text":"70028645 - 2006 - The ionospheric impact on GPS performance in southern polar region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028645","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The ionospheric impact on GPS performance in southern polar region","docAbstract":"The primary objective of this paper is to present the results of the study of the effects of varying ionospheric conditions on the GPS signal tracking in the southern polar region. In the first stage of this study, the data collected by the OSU/USGS team in October-November 2003 within the TAMDEF (Transantarctic Mountains Deformation) network were used together with some IGS Antarctic stations to study the effect of severe ionospheric storms on GPS hardware. Note that TAMDEF is a joint USGS/OSU project with the primary objective of measuring crustal motion in the Transantarctic Mountains of Southern Victoria Land using GPS techniques. This study included ten Antarctic stations equipped with different dual-frequency GPS hardware, and the data were evaluated for two 24-hour periods of severe ionospheric storm (2003/10/29) and moderate ionospheric conditions (minor storm of 2003/11/11). The results of this study were presented at the LAG Assembly in Cairns, Australia (Grejner-Brzezinska et al., 2005). Additional tests, in a more controlled environment, were carried out at the US Antarctic station, McMurdo, between January 10 and February 6, 2006, under varying ionospheric conditions, where several different types of receivers were connected to the same antenna located on the rooftop of the Crary Laboratory (the primary test site). In this scenario, each antenna was subject to identical ionospheric effects during each day of the test, and no spatial decorrelation effects were present, as seen in the previous study, due to the spatial separation of the receivers tested. It should be noted, however, that no moderate or severe ionospheric storms occurred during the experiment, so, unfortunately, this type of conditions was not tested here. The test was repeated with different receivers connected to different antenna types; a total of four 5-day sessions were carried out. The following receiver types were used at the primary site: Trimble 5700, Ashtech Z-Surveyor, JNS Euro-80 and Novatel DL-4, with the following antennas: Trimble Zephyr Geodetic, Ashtech D/M and Ashtech E/M chokering. In addition, data collected by the MCM4 IGS station, MCMD UNAVCO station, and CRAR USGS station, all located within 300 m from the primary test site, were used in the analyses. These stations were equipped with the following receiver/antenna combinations: ADA SNR-12/AOAD/MJT chokering (MCM4), Trimble NETRS/AOAD/MJT chokering (MCMD), and TPS ODYSEY_E/JPSREGANT_DD_E (CRAR). The UNAVCO TEQC software was used to carry out the analyses. Depending on the data sampling rate and the mask angle, the expected numbers of observations per receiver/satellite were compared to the actual number of measurements collected during the ionospheric events, with a special emphasis on L2 data. A total number of cycle slips and losses of lock were computed and compared among the hardware types. The results presented here indicate that there is no significant effects on the GPS receivers during minor ionospheric storms (Kp<5). However, the results reported in ibid, indicate significant differences in the hardware performance under severe ionospheric storms. Thus, careful hardware selection is needed to assure data quality/continuity when observations may be affected by severe ionospheric disturbances, while under calm to minor ionospheric activity level there is no significant difference in performance among the hardware tested here.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006","conferenceTitle":"Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006","conferenceDate":"26 September 2006 through 29 September 2006","conferenceLocation":"Fort Worth, TX","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hong, C., Grejner-Brzezinska, D.A., Arslan, N., Willis, M., and Hothem, L., 2006, The ionospheric impact on GPS performance in southern polar region, in Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006, v. 3, Fort Worth, TX, 26 September 2006 through 29 September 2006, p. 1418-1426.","startPage":"1418","endPage":"1426","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad64e4b08c986b323bab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hong, C.-K.","contributorId":90526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hong","given":"C.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A.","contributorId":42772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grejner-Brzezinska","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arslan, N.","contributorId":86557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arslan","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, M.","contributorId":82910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hothem, L.","contributorId":13801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028561,"text":"70028561 - 2006 - Coseismic and initial postseismic deformation from the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake, observed by global positioning system, electronic distance meter, creepmeters, and borehole strainmeters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028561","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic and initial postseismic deformation from the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake, observed by global positioning system, electronic distance meter, creepmeters, and borehole strainmeters","docAbstract":"Global Positioning System (GPS), electronic distance meter, creepmeter, and strainmeter measurements spanning the M 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake are examined. Using these data from 100 sec through 9 months following the main-shock, the Omori's law, with rate inversely related to time, l/t p and p ranging between 0.7 and 1.3, characterizes the time-dependent deformation during the post-seismic period; these results are consistent with creep models for elastic solids. With an accurate function of postseismic response, the coseismic displacements can be estimated from the high-rate, 1-min sampling GPS; and the coseismic displacements are approximately 75% of those estimated from the daily solutions. Consequently, fault-slip models using daily solutions overestimate coseismic slip. In addition, at 2 months and at 8 months following the mainshock, postseismic displacements are modeled as slip on the San Andreas fault with a lower bound on the moment exceeding that of the coseismic moment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050823","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J., Murray, J., and Snyder, H.A., 2006, Coseismic and initial postseismic deformation from the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake, observed by global positioning system, electronic distance meter, creepmeters, and borehole strainmeters: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050823.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050823"},{"id":236428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5ae4b0c8380cd4e237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, J.R.","contributorId":39179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Hollice A.","contributorId":59530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Hollice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028648,"text":"70028648 - 2006 - Influence of particle and surface quality on the vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter: Comparative exercise using data from the qualifying system for reflectance analysis working group of ICCP","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028648","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of particle and surface quality on the vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter: Comparative exercise using data from the qualifying system for reflectance analysis working group of ICCP","docAbstract":"The development of a qualifying system for reflectance analysis has been the scope of a working group within the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) since 1999, when J. Koch presented a system to qualify vitrinite particles according to their size, proximity to bright components and homogeneity of the surface. After some years of work aimed at improving the classification system using photomicrographs, it was decided to run a round robin exercise on microscopy samples. The classification system tested consists of three qualifiers ranging from excellent to low quality vitrinites with an additional option for unsuitable vitrinites. This paper reports on the results obtained by 22 analysts who were asked to measure random reflectance readings on vitrinite particles assigning to each reading a qualifier. Four samples containing different organic matter types and a variety of vitrinite occurrences have been analysed. Results indicated that the reflectance of particles classified as excellent, good or poor compared to the total average reflectance did not show trends to be systematically lower or higher for the four samples analysed. The differences in reflectance between the qualifiers for any given sample were lower than the scatter of vitrinite reflectance among participants. Overall, satisfactory results were obtained in determining the reflectance of vitrinite in the four samples analysed. This was so for samples having abundant and easy to identify vitrinites (higher plant-derived organic matter) as well as for samples with scarce and difficult to identify particles (samples with dominant marine-derived organic matter). The highest discrepancies were found for the organic-rich oil shales where the selection of the vitrinite population to measure proved to be particularly difficult. Special instructions should be provided for the analysis of this sort of samples. The certainty of identification of the vitrinite associated with the vitrinite reflectance values reported has been assessed through a reliability index which takes into account the number of readings and the coefficient of variation. The same statistical approach as that followed in the ICCP vitrinite reflectance accreditation program for single seam coals has been used for data evaluation. The results indicated low to medium dispersion for 17 out of 22 participants. This, combined with data from other sets of comparative analyses over a long period, is considered an encouraging result for the establishment of an accreditation program on vitrinite reflectance measurements in dispersed organic matter. ?? 2006 ICCP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Borrego, A., Araujo, C., Balke, A., Cardott, B., Cook, A., David, P., Flores, D., Hamor-Vido, M., Hiltmann, W., Kalkreuth, W., Koch, J., Kommeren, C., Kus, J., Ligouis, B., Marques, M., Mendonca Filho, J., Misz, M., Oliveira, L., Pickel, W., Reimer, K., Ranasinghe, P., Suarez-Ruiz, I., and Vieth, A., 2006, Influence of particle and surface quality on the vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter: Comparative exercise using data from the qualifying system for reflectance analysis working group of ICCP: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 68, no. 3-4, p. 151-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.002.","startPage":"151","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.002"},{"id":236678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b63e4b0c8380cd624b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrego, A.G.","contributorId":53583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrego","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Araujo, C.V.","contributorId":36738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Araujo","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balke, A.","contributorId":78524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balke","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cardott, B.","contributorId":25342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardott","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, A.C.","contributorId":43133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"David, P.","contributorId":14180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flores, D.","contributorId":107915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hamor-Vido, M.","contributorId":25343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamor-Vido","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hiltmann, W.","contributorId":71371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiltmann","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kalkreuth, W.","contributorId":12255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkreuth","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Koch, J.","contributorId":7065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koch","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kommeren, C.J.","contributorId":103852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kommeren","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kus, J.","contributorId":98523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ligouis, B.","contributorId":59228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ligouis","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Marques, M.","contributorId":102260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marques","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mendonca Filho, J.G.","contributorId":26128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendonca Filho","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Misz, M.","contributorId":68524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Oliveira, L.","contributorId":98099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliveira","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Pickel, W.","contributorId":64014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickel","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Reimer, K.","contributorId":14998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Ranasinghe, P.","contributorId":92477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranasinghe","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Suarez-Ruiz, I.","contributorId":10598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez-Ruiz","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Vieth, A.","contributorId":92036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vieth","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70028470,"text":"70028470 - 2006 - A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028470","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities","docAbstract":"This article introduces the beta-binomial estimator (BBE), a closed-population abundance mark-resight model combining the favorable qualities of maximum likelihood theory and the allowance of individual heterogeneity in sighting probability (p). The model may be parameterized for a robust sampling design consisting of multiple primary sampling occasions where closure need not be met between primary occasions. We applied the model to brown bear data from three study areas in Alaska and compared its performance to the joint hypergeometric estimator (JHE) and Bowden's estimator (BOWE). BBE estimates suggest heterogeneity levels were non-negligible and discourage the use of JHE for these data. Compared to JHE and BOWE, confidence intervals were considerably shorter for the AICc model-averaged BBE. To evaluate the properties of BBE relative to JHE and BOWE when sample sizes are small, simulations were performed with data from three primary occasions generated under both individual heterogeneity and temporal variation in p. All models remained consistent regardless of levels of variation in p. In terms of precision, the AICc model-averaged BBE showed advantages over JHE and BOWE when heterogeneity was present and mean sighting probabilities were similar between primary occasions. Based on the conditions examined, BBE is a reliable alternative to JHE or BOWE and provides a framework for further advances in mark-resight abundance estimation. ?? 2006 American Statistical Association and the International Biometric Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1198/108571106X129171","issn":"10857117","usgsCitation":"McClintock, B., White, G.C., and Burnham, K., 2006, A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 3, p. 231-248, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571106X129171.","startPage":"231","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1198/108571106X129171"},{"id":237039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e564e4b0c8380cd46d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClintock, B.T.","contributorId":29108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClintock","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028651,"text":"70028651 - 2006 - The future of imaging spectroscopy - Prospective technologies and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028651","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The future of imaging spectroscopy - Prospective technologies and applications","docAbstract":"Spectroscopy has existed for more than three centuries now. Nonetheless, significant scientific advances have been achieved. We discuss the history of spectroscopy in relation to emerging technologies and applications. Advanced focal plane arrays, optical design, and intelligent on-board logic are prime prospective technologies. Scalable approaches in pre-processing of imaging spectrometer data will receive additional focus. Finally, we focus on new applications monitoring transitional ecological zones, where human impact and disturbance have highest impact as well as in monitoring changes in our natural resources and environment We conclude that imaging spectroscopy enables mapping of biophysical and biochemical variables of the Earth's surface and atmospheric composition with unprecedented accuracy.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2006 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS","conferenceDate":"31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519","isbn":"0780395107; 9780780395107","usgsCitation":"Schaepman, M., Green, R., Ungar, S., Curtiss, B., Boardman, J., Plaza, A., Gao, B., Ustin, S., Kokaly, R., Miller, J., Jacquemoud, S., Ben-Dor, E., Clark, R., Davis, C., Dozier, J., Goodenough, D., Roberts, D., Swayze, G., Milton, E., and Goetz, A.F., 2006, The future of imaging spectroscopy - Prospective technologies and applications, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Denver, CO, 31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006, p. 2005-2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519.","startPage":"2005","endPage":"2009","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477594,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-future-of-imaging-spectroscopy-prospective-technologies-and-a","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519"},{"id":236749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac33e4b08c986b323339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaepman, M.E.","contributorId":66466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepman","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, R.O.","contributorId":27249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ungar, S.G.","contributorId":50712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ungar","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtiss, B.","contributorId":97691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtiss","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boardman, J.","contributorId":74184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plaza, A.J.","contributorId":103460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plaza","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gao, B.-C.","contributorId":95251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"B.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ustin, S.","contributorId":58830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ustin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kokaly, R. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":31563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, J.R.","contributorId":86555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jacquemoud, S.","contributorId":54785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacquemoud","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ben-Dor, E.","contributorId":55192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Dor","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Davis, C.","contributorId":94453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Dozier, J.","contributorId":60834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dozier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Goodenough, D.G.","contributorId":103065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodenough","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Roberts, D.","contributorId":24157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Swayze, G. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":55131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Milton, E.J.","contributorId":10214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Goetz, Alexander F.H.","contributorId":43747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70028363,"text":"70028363 - 2006 - Monitoring planktivorous seabird populations: Validating surface counts of crevice-nesting auklets using mark-resight techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T10:32:30","indexId":"70028363","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring planktivorous seabird populations: Validating surface counts of crevice-nesting auklets using mark-resight techniques","docAbstract":"Least Auklets (Aethia pusilla (Pallas, 1811)) are the most abundant species of seabird in the Bering Sea and offer a relatively efficient means of monitoring secondary productivity in the marine environment. Counting auklets on surface plots is the primary method used to track changes in numbers of these crevice-nesters, but counts can be highly variable and may not be representative of the number of nesting individuals. We compared average maximum counts of Least Auklets on surface plots with density estimates based on mark–resight data at a colony on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, during 2001–2004. Estimates of breeding auklet abundance from mark–resight averaged 8 times greater than those from maximum surface counts. Our results also indicate that average maximum surface counts are poor indicators of breeding auklet abundance and do not vary consistently with auklet nesting density across the breeding colony. Estimates of Least Auklet abundance from mark–resight were sufficiently precise to meet management goals for tracking changes in seabird populations. We recommend establishing multiple permanent banding plots for mark–resight studies on colonies selected for intensive long-term monitoring. Mark–resight is more likely to detect biologically significant changes in size of auklet breeding colonies than traditional surface count techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/Z06-061","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Sheffield, L., Gall, A.E., Roby, D., Irons, D., and Dugger, K., 2006, Monitoring planktivorous seabird populations: Validating surface counts of crevice-nesting auklets using mark-resight techniques: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 84, no. 6, p. 846-854, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z06-061.","startPage":"846","endPage":"854","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z06-061"}],"volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dd3e4b0c8380cd70608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheffield, L.M.","contributorId":40000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheffield","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gall, Adrian E.","contributorId":54396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gall","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, D.B.","contributorId":52922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dugger, K.M.","contributorId":25729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028653,"text":"70028653 - 2006 - Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028653","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers","docAbstract":"TSU in partnership with the USGS has conducted extensive research regarding biode??gradation of contaminants in karst aquifers. This research resulted in the development of a numerical approach to modeling biodegradation of contaminants in karst aquifers that is taught to environmental engineering students in several steps. First, environmental engineering students are taught chemical-reaction engineering principles relating to a wide variety of environmental fate and transport issues. Second, as part of TSU's engineering course curriculum, students use a non-ideal flow laboratory reactor system and run a tracer study to establish residence time distribution (RTD). Next, the students couple that formula to a first-order biodegradation rate and predict the removal of a biodegradable contaminant as a function of residence time. Following this, students are shown data collected from karst bedrock wells that suggest that karst aquifers are analogous to non-ideal flow reactors. The students are challenged to develop rates of biodegradation through lab studies and use their results to predict biodegradaton at an actual contaminated karst site. Field studies are also conducted to determine the accuracy of the students' predictions. This academic approach teaches biodegradation processes, rate-kinetic processes, hydraulic processes and numerical principles. The students are able to experience how chemical engineering principles can be applied to other situations, such as, modeling biodegradation of contaminants in karst aquifers. This paper provides background on the chemical engineering principles and karst issues used in the research-enhanced curriculum. ?? American Society for Engineering Education, 2006.","largerWorkTitle":"ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006","conferenceDate":"18 June 2006 through 21 June 2006","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"King, L., Byl, T., and Painter, R., 2006, Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers, in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, Chicago, IL, 18 June 2006 through 21 June 2006.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa91be4b0c8380cd85c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, L.","contributorId":23744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byl, T.","contributorId":31967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, R.","contributorId":54393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028576,"text":"70028576 - 2006 - Eruptive history and geochronology of Mount Mazama and the Crater Lake region, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:21:29","indexId":"70028576","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruptive history and geochronology of Mount Mazama and the Crater Lake region, Oregon","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping, K-Ar, and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations, supplemented by paleomagnetic measurements and geochemical data, are used to quantify the Quaternary volcanic history of the Crater Lake region in order to define processes and conditions that led to voluminous explosive eruptions. The Cascade arc volcano known as Mount Mazama collapsed during its climactic eruption of ∼50 km3 of mainly rhyodacitic magma ∼7700 yr ago to form Crater Lake caldera. The Mazama edifice was constructed on a Pleistocene silicic lava field, amidst monogenetic and shield volcanoes ranging from basalt to andesite similar to parental magmas for Mount Mazama. Between 420 ka and 35 ka, Mazama produced medium-K andesite and dacite in 2:1 proportion. The edifice was built in many episodes; some of the more voluminous occurred approximately coeval with volcanic pulses in the surrounding region, and some were possibly related to deglaciation following marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 12, 10, 8, 6, 5.2, and 2. Magmas as evolved as dacite erupted many times, commonly associated with or following voluminous andesite effusion. Establishment of the climactic magma chamber was under way when the first preclimactic rhyodacites vented ca. 27 ka. The silicic melt volume then grew incrementally at an average rate of 2.5 km3 k.y.−1 for nearly 20 k.y. The climactic eruption exhausted the rhyodacitic magma and brought up crystal-rich andesitic magma, mafic cumulate mush, and wall-rock granodiorite. Postcaldera volcanism produced 4 km3 of andesite during the first 200–500 yr after collapse, followed at ca. 4800 yr B.P. by 0.07 km3 of rhyodacite. The average eruption rate for all Mazama products was ∼0.4 km3 k.y.−1, but major edifice construction episodes had rates of ∼0.8 km3 k.y.−1. The long-term eruption rate for regional monogenetic and shield volcanoes was d∼0.07 km3 k.y.−1, but only ∼0.02 km3 k.y.−1 when the two major shields are excluded. Plutonic xenoliths and evidence for crystallization differentiation imply that the amount of magma intruded beneath Mount Mazama is several times that which has been erupted. The eruptive and intrusive history reflects competition between (1) crystallization driven by degassing and hydrothermal cooling and (2) thermal input from a regional magma flux focused at Mazama. Before ca. 30 ka, relatively small volumes of nonerupted derivative magma crystallized to form a composite pluton because the upper crust had not been heated sufficiently to sustain voluminous convecting crystal-poor melt. Subsequently, and perhaps not coincidentally, during MIS 2, a large volume of eruptible silicic magma accumulated in the climactic chamber, probably because of heating associated with mantle input to the roots of the system as suggested by eruption of unusually primitive magnesian basaltic andesite and tholeiite west of Mazama.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25906.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., and Lanphere, M.A., 2006, Eruptive history and geochronology of Mount Mazama and the Crater Lake region, Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, no. 11-12, p. 1331-1359, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25906.1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1359","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 43.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a55e4b0c8380cd522ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":418688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028431,"text":"70028431 - 2006 - Seismic response and damage detection analyses of an instrumented steel moment-framed building","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028431","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic response and damage detection analyses of an instrumented steel moment-framed building","docAbstract":"The seismic performance of steel moment-framed buildings has been of particular interest since brittle fractures were discovered at the beam-column connections in a number of buildings following the M 6.7 Northridge earthquake of January 17, 1994. A case study of the seismic behavior of an extensively instrumented 13-story steel moment frame building located in the greater Los Angeles area of California is described herein. Response studies using frequency domain, joint time-frequency, system identification, and simple damage detection analyses are performed using an extensive strong motion dataset dating from 1971 to the present, supported by engineering drawings and results of postearthquake inspections. These studies show that the building's response is more complex than would be expected from its highly symmetrical geometry. The response is characterized by low damping in the fundamental mode, larger accelerations in the middle and lower stories than at the roof and base, extended periods of vibration after the cessation of strong input shaking, beating in the response, elliptical particle motion, and significant torsion during strong shaking at the top of the concrete piers which extend from the basement to the second floor. The analyses conducted indicate that the response of the structure was elastic in all recorded earthquakes to date, including Northridge. Also, several simple damage detection methods employed did not indicate any structural damage or connection fractures. The combination of a large, real structure and low instrumentation density precluded the application of many recently proposed advanced damage detection methods in this case study. Overall, however, the findings of this study are consistent with the limited code-compliant postearthquake intrusive inspections conducted after the Northridge earthquake, which found no connection fractures or other structural damage. ?? ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:10(1543)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Rodgers, J., and Çelebi, M., 2006, Seismic response and damage detection analyses of an instrumented steel moment-framed building: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 132, no. 10, p. 1543-1552, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:10(1543).","startPage":"1543","endPage":"1552","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:10(1543)"},{"id":237070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b57e4b08c986b317772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodgers, J.E.","contributorId":99069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028622,"text":"70028622 - 2006 - Evaluating a small footprint, waveform-resolving lidar over coastal vegetation communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T14:23:17.747153","indexId":"70028622","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating a small footprint, waveform-resolving lidar over coastal vegetation communities","docAbstract":"NASA’s Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532 nm) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor records the time history of the return waveform within a small footprint (20 cm diameter) for each laser pulse, enabling characterization of vegetation canopy structure and “bare earth” topography under a variety of vegetation types. A collection of individual waveforms combined within a synthesized large footprint was used to define three metrics: canopy height (CH), canopy reflection ratio (CRR), and height of median energy (HOME). Bare Earth Elevation (BEE) metric was derived using the individual small-footprint waveforms. All four metrics were tested for reproducibility, which resulted in an average of 95 percent correspondence within two standard deviations of the mean. CH and BEE values were also tested for accuracy using ground-truth data. The results presented in this paper show that combining several individual small-footprint laser pulses to define a composite “large-footprint” waveform is a possible method to depict the vertical structure of a vegetation canopy.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.12.1407","usgsCitation":"Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J., Wright, C., and O’Connell, M.J., 2006, Evaluating a small footprint, waveform-resolving lidar over coastal vegetation communities: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 12, p. 1407-1417, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.12.1407.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1407","endPage":"1417","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.12.1407","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bd9e4b0c8380cd528e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":178023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C. Wayne","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Connell, M. J.","contributorId":18561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028858,"text":"70028858 - 2006 - Spectrophotometric properties of materials observed by Pancam on the Mars Exploration Rovers: 2. Opportunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T11:49:24","indexId":"70028858","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectrophotometric properties of materials observed by Pancam on the Mars Exploration Rovers: 2. Opportunity","docAbstract":"The Panoramic Camera (Pancam) on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity acquired visible/near‐infrared multispectral observations of soils and rocks under varying viewing and illumination geometries that were modeled using radiative transfer theory to improve interpretations of the microphysical and surface scattering nature of materials in Meridiani Planum. Nearly 25,000 individual measurements were collected of rock and soil units identified by their color and morphologic properties over a wide range of phase angles (0–150°) at Eagle crater, in the surrounding plains, in Endurance crater, and in the plains between Endurance and Erebus craters through Sol 492. Corrections for diffuse skylight incorporated sky models based on observations of atmospheric opacity throughout the mission. Disparity maps created from Pancam stereo images allowed inclusion of local facet orientation estimates. Outcrop rocks overall exhibited the highest single scattering albedos (≤0.9 at 753 nm), and most spherule‐rich soils exhibited the lowest (≤0.6 at 753 nm). Macroscopic roughness among outcrop rocks varied but was typically larger than spherule‐rich soils. Data sets with sufficient phase angle coverage (resulting in well‐constrained Hapke parameters) suggested that models using single‐term and two‐term Henyey‐Greenstein phase functions exhibit a dominantly broad backscattering trend for most undisturbed spherule‐rich soils. Rover tracks and other compressed soils exhibited forward scattering, while outcrop rocks were intermediate in their scattering behaviors. Some phase functions exhibited wavelength‐dependent trends that may result from variations in thin deposits of airfall dust that occurred during the mission.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2006JE002762","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Grundy, W., Lemmon, M., Bell, J., Johnson, M.J., Deen, R., Arvidson, R., Farrand, W.H., Guinness, E., Hayes, A., Herkenhoff, K.E., Seelos, F., Soderblom, J., and Squyres, S., 2006, Spectrophotometric properties of materials observed by Pancam on the Mars Exploration Rovers: 2. Opportunity: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E12, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JE002762.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006je002762","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95ade4b08c986b31b053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundy, W.M.","contributorId":12659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundy","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemmon, M.T.","contributorId":7032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemmon","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, M. J.","contributorId":52988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deen, R.","contributorId":99741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guinness, E.","contributorId":18939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinness","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hayes, A. G.","contributorId":31098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Seelos, F.","contributorId":34635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Soderblom, J.","contributorId":52699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Squyres, S.","contributorId":74490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70028666,"text":"70028666 - 2006 - Two models for evaluating landslide hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028666","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two models for evaluating landslide hazards","docAbstract":"Two alternative procedures for estimating landslide hazards were evaluated using data on topographic digital elevation models (DEMs) and bedrock lithologies in an area adjacent to the Missouri River in Atchison County, Kansas, USA. The two procedures are based on the likelihood ratio model but utilize different assumptions. The empirical likelihood ratio model is based on non-parametric empirical univariate frequency distribution functions under an assumption of conditional independence while the multivariate logistic discriminant model assumes that likelihood ratios can be expressed in terms of logistic functions. The relative hazards of occurrence of landslides were estimated by an empirical likelihood ratio model and by multivariate logistic discriminant analysis. Predictor variables consisted of grids containing topographic elevations, slope angles, and slope aspects calculated from a 30-m DEM. An integer grid of coded bedrock lithologies taken from digitized geologic maps was also used as a predictor variable. Both statistical models yield relative estimates in the form of the proportion of total map area predicted to already contain or to be the site of future landslides. The stabilities of estimates were checked by cross-validation of results from random subsamples, using each of the two procedures. Cell-by-cell comparisons of hazard maps made by the two models show that the two sets of estimates are virtually identical. This suggests that the empirical likelihood ratio and the logistic discriminant analysis models are robust with respect to the conditional independent assumption and the logistic function assumption, respectively, and that either model can be used successfully to evaluate landslide hazards. ?? 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2006.02.006","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Chung, C., and Ohlmacher, G., 2006, Two models for evaluating landslide hazards: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 8, p. 1120-1127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.02.006.","startPage":"1120","endPage":"1127","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.02.006"},{"id":236434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb95be4b08c986b327be0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chung, C.-J.","contributorId":101861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"C.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlmacher, G.C.","contributorId":63064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlmacher","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028813,"text":"70028813 - 2006 - Airport geomagnetic surveys in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028813","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2802,"text":"NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airport geomagnetic surveys in the United States","docAbstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the United States military have requirements for design, location, and construction of compass calibration pads (compass roses), these having been developed through collaboration with US Geological Survey (USGS) personnel. These requirements are detailed in the FAA Advisory Circular AC 150/5300-13, Appendix 4, and in various military documents, such as Handbook 1021/1, but the major requirement is that the range of declination measured within 75 meters of the center of a compass rose be less than or equal to 30 minutes of arc. The USGS Geomagnetism Group has developed specific methods for conducting a magnetic survey so that existing compass roses can be judged in terms of the needed standards and also that new sites can be evaluated for their suitability as potentially new compass roses. First, a preliminary survey is performed with a total-field magnetometer, with differences over the site area of less than 75nT being sufficient to warrant additional, more detailed surveying. Next, a number of survey points are established over the compass rose area and nearby, where declination is to be measured with an instrument capable of measuring declination to within 1 minute of arc, such as a Gurley transit magnetometer, DI Flux theodolite magnetometer, or Wild T-0. The data are corrected for diurnal and irregular effects of the magnetic field and declination is determined for each survey point, as well as declination range and average of the entire compass rose site. Altogether, a typical survey takes about four days to complete. ?? 2006 Springer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-5025-1_19","issn":"18714668","isbn":"1402050232; 9781402050237","usgsCitation":"Berarducci, A., 2006, Airport geomagnetic surveys in the United States: NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security, p. 247-258, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5025-1_19.","startPage":"247","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5025-1_19"},{"id":236409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e92be4b0c8380cd48133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berarducci, A.","contributorId":11393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berarducci","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028599,"text":"70028599 - 2006 - Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028599","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks","docAbstract":"Spatial relationships among stocks of breeding waterfowl can be an important component of harvest management. Prediction and optimal harvest management under adaptive harvest management (AHM) requires information on the spatial relationships among breeding populations (fidelity and inter-year exchange), as well as rates of movements from breeding to harvest regions. We used band-recovery data to develop a model to estimate probabilities of movement for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) among 3 Canadian breeding strata and 6 harvest regions (3 in Canada, and 3 in the United States) over the period 1965-1998. Model selection criteria suggested that models containing area-, year-, and age-specific recovery rates with area- and sex-specific movement rates were the best for modeling movement. Movement by males to southern harvest areas was variable depending on the originating area. Males from the western breeding area predominantly moved to the Mississippi Flyway or southern Atlantic Flyway (??ij = 0.353, SE = 0.0187 and ??ij = 0.473, SE = 0.037, respectively), whereas males that originated in the eastern and central breeding strata moved to the northern Atlantic flyway (??ij = 0.842, SE = 0.010 and ??ij = 0.578, SE = 0.0222, respectively). We used combined recoveries and recaptures in Program MARK to estimate fidelity to the 3 Canadian breeding strata. Information criteria identified a model containing sex- and age-specific fidelity for black ducks. Estimates of fidelity were 0.9695 (SE = 0.0249) and 0.9554 (SE = 0.0434) for adult males and females, respectively. Estimates of fidelity for juveniles were slightly lower at 0.9210 (SE = 0.0931) and 0.8870 (SE = 0.0475) for males and females, respectively. These models have application to the development of spatially stratified black duck harvest management models for use in AHM.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Zimpfer, N., and Conroy, M., 2006, Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1770-1777, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1770","endPage":"1777","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209761,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c0ce4b0c8380cd6f9c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimpfer, N.L.","contributorId":74560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimpfer","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180913,"text":"70180913 - 2006 - Radio telemetry for black-footed ferret research and monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T14:48:37","indexId":"70180913","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Radio telemetry for black-footed ferret research and monitoring","docAbstract":"By 1973, radio telemetry was regarded as an important potential tool for studying the elusive, nocturnal, and semifossorial black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), but fears of using invasive techniques on this highly endangered mammal caused delays. We began radio collaring ferrets in 1981. Use of radio telemetry on ferrets proved to be both challenging and rewarding. We document two decades of development and use that led to the present radio-tagging techniques and methods for radio tracking. The 7-g radio collar commonly used after 1992 was smaller and lighter, relative to mass and size of subjects, than collars used in studies of other Mustela. Other important developments were a Teflon® coating to shed mud, a highly flexible stainless steel cable for whip antennas, and a nondurable wool collar. Although collar-caused neck abrasions have continued to occur sporadically, a retrospective assessment of minimum survival rates for 724 reintroduced ferrets (392 radio tagged), using data from spotlight surveys, failed to detect negative effects of radio-collars. In a South Dakota study, ferrets that were found to have hair loss or neck abrasions when collars were removed did not exhibit movements significantly different from those of radio-tagged ferrets with no evidence of neck problems. Prototype transmitters designed for surgical implantation had insufficient power output for effective use on ferrets. Early attempts at tracking radio-tagged ferrets by following the signal on foot quickly gave way to following movements by triangulation, which does not disturb the subjects. The most effective tracking stations were camper trailers fitted with rotatable, 11-element, dual-beam Yagi antennas on 6-m masts. We used radio telemetry to produce 83,275 lines of data (44,191 indications of status and 39,084 positional fixes via triangulation) for 340 radio-collared ferrets during the reintroduction program. Tracking by hand and from aircraft augmented triangulation, allowing us to locate animals that dispersed long distances and enabling us to determine causes of mortality. Justifying further use of radio telemetry on black-footed ferrets requires careful consideration of costs and benefits.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004 (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5293)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat","conferenceDate":"January 28-29, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., Godbey, J.L., Miller, B.J., and Hanebury, L., 2006, Radio telemetry for black-footed ferret research and monitoring, in Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004 (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5293), Fort Collins, CO, January 28-29, 2004, p. 175-190.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5293/report.pdf#page=186","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589aeab3e4b0efcedb72d253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godbey, Jerry L. godbeyj@usgs.gov","contributorId":5121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godbey","given":"Jerry","email":"godbeyj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":662803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Brian J.","contributorId":67816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanebury, Louis R.","contributorId":105580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanebury","given":"Louis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028371,"text":"70028371 - 2006 - Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028371","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils","docAbstract":"Soil microbial communities are closely associated with aboveground plant communities, with multiple potential drivers of this relationship. Plants can affect available soil carbon, temperature, and water content, which each have the potential to affect microbial community composition and function. These same variables change seasonally, and thus plant control on microbial community composition may be modulated or overshadowed by annual climatic patterns. We examined microbial community composition, C cycling processes, and environmental data in California annual grassland soils from beneath oak canopies and in open grassland areas to distinguish factors controlling microbial community composition and function seasonally and in association with the two plant overstory communities. Every 3 months for up to 2 years, we monitored microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, microbial biomass, respiration rates, microbial enzyme activities, and the activity of microbial groups using isotope labeling of PLFA biomarkers (13C-PLFA) . Distinct microbial communities were associated with oak canopy soils and open grassland soils and microbial communities displayed seasonal patterns from year to year. The effects of plant species and seasonal climate on microbial community composition were similar in magnitude. In this Mediterranean ecosystem, plant control of microbial community composition was primarily due to effects on soil water content, whereas the changes in microbial community composition seasonally appeared to be due, in large part, to soil temperature. Available soil carbon was not a significant control on microbial community composition. Microbial community composition (PLFA) and 13C-PLFA ordination values were strongly related to intra-annual variability in soil enzyme activities and soil respiration, but microbial biomass was not. In this Mediterranean climate, soil microclimate appeared to be the master variable controlling microbial community composition and function. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., and Firestone, M., 2006, Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils: Microbial Ecology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 470-479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6.","startPage":"470","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6"},{"id":237207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b889be4b08c986b316a6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firestone, M.K.","contributorId":10593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}