{"pageNumber":"939","pageRowStart":"23450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40807,"records":[{"id":79932,"text":"sir20075042 - 2007 - Reconnaissance study of the hydrology of American Memorial Park, Island of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T22:06:26.377107","indexId":"sir20075042","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5042","title":"Reconnaissance study of the hydrology of American Memorial Park, Island of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"<p>American Memorial Park, a unit of the National Park Service on the Island of Saipan, includes among its features a 27-acre estuarine system that has become a rarity within the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The estuarine system's mosaic of marshy areas interspersed with emergent wetlands and mixed wet forests provides critical habitat for various migratory and resident waterfowl, including two Federally listed endangered species: the Marianas gallinule (<i>Gallinula chloropus guami</i>) and the nightingale reed warbler (<i>Acrocephalus luscinia</i>). With sensitivity to the park's ecologic assets and the uncertainty associated with locally rapid urbanization, a need to better understand the hydrology of American Memorial Park was recognized. To address that need, a reconnaissance study of the park was undertaken during August and September 2005. The goals of the study were (1) to describe the occurrence and salinity of surface and ground water within the park; (2) to develop a hydrologic model of the park area of the island, with emphasis on the 27-acre estuarine system; and (3) to identify additional data needed to further develop this model. With regard to surface water, three freshwater inputs to the park's natural wetland are possible: direct rainfall, seaward-flowing ground water, and overland flow. Direct rainfall, which is an important source of freshwater to the wetland, commonly exceeds evapotranspiration both seasonally and per storm. The seaward flow of ground water is likely to be a source of freshwater to the wetland because ground water generally has an upward vertical component in the nearshore environment. Overland flow upgradient of the park could potentially contribute a significant input of freshwater during periods of intense rainfall, but roads that flank the park's perimeter act as a barrier to surficial inflows. During the reconnaissance, four discrete bodies, or zones, of surface water were observed within the park's natural wetland. Conductivity within these surface-water zones typically ranged from 1,540 to 4,370 microsiemens per centimeter<span>(µS/cm)</span> at <span>25°C </span>although values as low as 829 and as high as 8,750 <span>µ</span>S/cm were measured. As a result of these observations, the American Memorial Park wetland area meets the definition criteria of an estuarine system that is dominantly oligohaline. Conductivity was also measured in a constructed wetland that was built within the park to augment the storm-drainage infrastructure of the village of Garapan. Reverse-osmosis facilities, in operation at hotels adjacent to the park, have historically discharged highly saline wastewater into the storm-drainage system. This collective storm and wastewater flow is routed into the constructed wetland and from there into the ocean. The conductivity of water in the constructed wetland ranged from 45,000 to 62,500 <span>µS/cm</span>, exceeding nominal seawater values by as much as 25 percent, with the highest conductivities recorded near discharging storm drains. With regard to ground water, the reconnaissance included installation of a ground-water-monitoring network. Data collected from this network identified the presence of freshwater underlying the park and indicated that surface water is directly connected to ground water in the natural wetland because the water levels of both surface water and ground water directly varied with the tide. Conductivities of ground-water samples from wells in the monitoring network indicated that ground-water salinity was geographically related: conductivities were lower (801-2,490 <span>(µS/cm)</span> in surficially dry areas, intermediate (6,090-9,180 <span>(µS/cm)</span> in natural-wetland areas, and higher (18,250-27,700 <span>(µS/cm)</span>&nbsp;in areas adjacent to the constructed wetland and its associated ocean-discharge channel. Synoptic water-level surveys were made to enhance understanding of the spatial expression of the water table; they were scheduled to overlap with peak and trough tidal signals to enable limited characteri</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Perreault, J.A., 2007, Reconnaissance study of the hydrology of American Memorial Park, Island of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5042, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075042.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 145.6,15.1 ], [ 145.6,15.3 ], [ 145.8,15.3 ], [ 145.8,15.1 ], [ 145.6,15.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perreault, Jeff A.","contributorId":333052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perreault","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79923,"text":"sir20075010 - 2007 - Application of FTLOADDS to Simulate Flow, Salinity, and Surface-Water Stage in the Southern Everglades, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:14","indexId":"sir20075010","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5010","title":"Application of FTLOADDS to Simulate Flow, Salinity, and Surface-Water Stage in the Southern Everglades, Florida","docAbstract":"The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan requires numerical modeling to achieve a sufficient understanding of coastal freshwater flows, nutrient sources, and the evaluation of management alternatives to restore the ecosystem of southern Florida. Numerical models include a regional water-management model to represent restoration changes to the hydrology of southern Florida and a hydrodynamic model to represent the southern and western offshore waters. The coastal interface between these two systems, however, has complex surface-water/ground-water and freshwater/saltwater interactions and requires a specialized modeling effort. The Flow and Transport in a Linked Overland/Aquifer Density Dependent System (FTLOADDS) code was developed to represent connected surface- and ground-water systems with variable-density flow.\r\n\r\nThe first use of FTLOADDS is the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) application to the southeastern part of the Everglades/Florida Bay coastal region. The need to (1) expand the domain of the numerical modeling into most of Everglades National Park and the western coastal area, and (2) better represent the effect of water-delivery control structures, led to the application of the FTLOADDS code to the Tides and Inflows in the Mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) domain. This application allows the model to address a broader range of hydrologic issues and incorporate new code modifications. The surface-water hydrology is of primary interest to water managers, and is the main focus of this study. The coupling to ground water, however, was necessary to accurately represent leakage exchange between the surface water and ground water, which transfers substantial volumes of water and salt.\r\n\r\nInitial calibration and analysis of the TIME application produced simulated results that compare well statistically with field-measured values. A comparison of TIME simulation results to previous SICS results shows improved capabilities, particularly in the representation of coastal flows. This improvement most likely is due to a more stable numerical representation of the coastal creek outlets.\r\n\r\nSensitivity analyses were performed by varying frictional resistance, leakage, barriers to flow, and topography. Changing frictional resistance values in inland areas was shown to improve water-level representation locally, but to have a negligible effect on area-wide values. These changes have only local effects and are not physically based (as are the unchanged values), and thus have limited validity. Sensitivity tests indicate that the overall accuracy of the simulation is diminished if leakage between surface water and ground water is not simulated. The inclusion of a major road as a complete barrier to surface-water flow influenced the local distribution and timing of flow; however, the changes in total flow and individual creekflows were negligible. The model land-surface altitude was lowered by 0.1 meter to determine the sensitivity to topographic variation. This topographic sensitivity test produced mixed results in matching field data. Overall, the representation of stage did not improve definitively.\r\n\r\nA final calibration utilized the results of the sensitivity analysis to refine the TIME application. To accomplish this calibration, the friction coefficient was reduced at the northern boundary inflow and increased in the southwestern corner of the model, the evapotranspiration function was varied, additional data were used for the ground-water head boundary along the southeast, and the frictional resistance of the primary coastal creek outlet was increased. The calibration improved the match between measured and simulated total flows to Florida Bay and coastal salinities. Agreement also was improved at most of the water-level sites throughout the model domain.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with South Florida Water Management District as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan","usgsCitation":"Wang, J.D., Swain, E.D., Wolfert, M.A., Langevin, C.D., James, D.E., and Telis, P.A., 2007, Application of FTLOADDS to Simulate Flow, Salinity, and Surface-Water Stage in the Southern Everglades, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5010, Main Report: viii, 88 p.; Appendices: p. 89-112, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075010.","productDescription":"Main Report: viii, 88 p.; Appendices: p. 89-112","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5010.jpg"},{"id":9644,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, John D.","contributorId":75224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfert, Melinda A.","contributorId":86033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfert","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, Dawn E.","contributorId":43447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Telis, Pamela A. patelis@usgs.gov","contributorId":64741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telis","given":"Pamela","email":"patelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":79911,"text":"ofr20071119 - 2007 - Rock-Bound Arsenic Influences Ground Water and Sediment Chemistry Throughout New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:26:55","indexId":"ofr20071119","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1119","title":"Rock-Bound Arsenic Influences Ground Water and Sediment Chemistry Throughout New England","docAbstract":"The information in this report was presented at the Northeastern Region Geological Society of America meeting held March 11-14, 2007, in Durham, New Hampshire.\r\n\r\nIn the New England crystalline bedrock aquifer, concentrations of arsenic that exceed the drinking water standard of 10 ?g/L occur most frequently in ground water from wells sited in specific metamorphic and igneous rock units. Geochemical investigations indicate that these geologic units typically have moderately elevated whole-rock concentrations of arsenic compared to other rocks in the region. The distribution of ground water wells with As > 5 ?g/L has a strong spatial correlation with specific bedrock units where average whole-rock concentrations of arsenic exceed 1.1 mg/kg and where geologic and geochemical factors produce high pH ground water. Arsenic concentrations in stream sediments collected from small drainages reflect the regional distribution of this natural arsenic source and have a strong correlation with both rock chemistry and the distribution of bedrock units with elevated arsenic chemistry. The distribution of ground water wells with As > 5 ?g/L has a strong spatial correlation with the distribution of stream sediments where concentrations of arsenic exceed 6 mg/kg. Stream sediment chemistry also has a weak correlation with the distribution of agricultural lands where arsenical pesticides were used on apple, blueberry, and potato crops. Elevated arsenic concentrations in bedrock wells, however, do not correlate with agricultural areas where arsenical pesticides were used. These results indicate that both stream sediment chemistry and the solubility and mobility of arsenic in ground water in bedrock are influenced by host-rock arsenic concentrations. Stream sediment chemistry and the distribution of geologic units have been found to be useful parameters to predict the areas of greatest concern for elevated arsenic in ground water and to estimate the likely levels of human exposure to elevated arsenic in drinking water in New England. However, the extreme local variability of arsenic concentrations in ground water from these rock sources indicate that arsenic concentrations in ground water are affected by other factors in addition to arsenic concentrations in rock.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071119","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.R., and Ayotte, J., 2007, Rock-Bound Arsenic Influences Ground Water and Sediment Chemistry Throughout New England: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1119, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071119.","productDescription":"18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9632,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fe6aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79902,"text":"ofr20071115 - 2007 - Major Crustal Fault Zone Trends and Their Relation to Mineral Belts in the North-Central Great Basin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"ofr20071115","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1115","title":"Major Crustal Fault Zone Trends and Their Relation to Mineral Belts in the North-Central Great Basin, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Great Basin physiographic province covers a large part of the western United States and contains one of the world's leading gold-producing areas, the Carlin Trend. In the Great Basin, many sedimentary-rock-hosted disseminated gold deposits occur along such linear mineral-occurrence trends. The distribution and genesis of these deposits is not fully understood, but most models indicate that regional tectonic structures play an important role in their spatial distribution. Over 100 magnetotelluric (MT) soundings were acquired between 1994 and 2001 by the U.S. Geological Survey to investigate crustal structures that may underlie the linear trends in north-central Nevada. MT sounding data were used to map changes in electrical resistivity as a function of depth that are related to subsurface lithologic and structural variations. Two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity modeling of the MT data reveals primarily northerly and northeasterly trending narrow 2-D conductors (1 to 30 ohm-m) extending to mid-crustal depths (5-20 km) that are interpreted to be major crustal fault zones. There are also a few westerly and northwesterly trending 2-D conductors. However, the great majority of the inferred crustal fault zones mapped using MT are perpendicular or oblique to the generally accepted trends. The correlation of strike of three crustal fault zones with the strike of the Carlin and Getchell trends and the Alligator Ridge district suggests they may have been the root fluid flow pathways that fed faults and fracture networks at shallower levels where gold precipitated in favorable host rocks. The abundant northeasterly crustal structures that do not correlate with the major trends may be structures that are open to fluid flow at the present time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071115","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., Sampson, J.A., and Williams, J.M., 2007, Major Crustal Fault Zone Trends and Their Relation to Mineral Belts in the North-Central Great Basin, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1115, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071115.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9625,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79920,"text":"ds257 - 2007 - Data for a regional approach to the development of an effects-based nutrient criterion for wadable streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T15:31:57","indexId":"ds257","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"257","title":"Data for a regional approach to the development of an effects-based nutrient criterion for wadable streams","docAbstract":"<p>States are required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to establish nutrient criteria (concentrations of nutrients above which water quality is deteriorated) as part of their water-quality regulations. A study of wadable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Region was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Maryland Department of the Environment, with assistance from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, to help define current concentrations of nutrients in streams with the goal of associating different nutrient-concentration levels with their effects on water quality. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, diel concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations, concentrations of chlorophyll a in attached algae, and algal-community structure were measured at 46 stream sites in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Data from this work can be used by individual state agencies to define nutrient criteria. </p><p>Quality-control measures for the study included submitting blank samples, duplicate samples, and reference samples for analysis of nutrients, total organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and algal biomass. Duplicate and split samples were submitted for periphyton identifications. Three periphyton split samples were sent to an independent lab for a check on periphyton identifications. </p><p>Neither total organic carbon nor nutrients were detected in blank samples. Concentrations of nutrients and total organic carbon were similar for most duplicate sample pairs, with the exception of a duplicate pair from Western Run. </p><p>Concentrations of ammonia plus organic nitrogen for this duplicate pair differed by as much as 34 percent. Total organic carbon for the duplicate pair from Western Run differed by 102 percent. </p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory performance on the only valid reference sample submitted was excellent; the relative percent difference values were no larger than 5 percent for any constituent analyzed. For periphyton identifications, duplicate samples had Jaccard Coefficient of Community values slightly greater than 0.5. This indicates the periphyton sampling protocol used provided a sample that was only moderately reproducible. </p><p>Jaccard Coefficients for three periphyton samples split between two independent labs were 0.2, 0.11, and 0.08. These very low values suggest a poor concurrence on species identifications performed by the two labs. As a result of these quality-control samples, the slides prepared for diatom identifications were sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences for re-identification. Caution is urged when interpreting periphyton-community information from this study. </p><p>This report and the raw data from the study are available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds257</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds257","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Maryland Department of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Crawford, J.K., Loper, C.A., Beaman, J.R., Soehl, A.G., and Brown, W.S., 2007, Data for a regional approach to the development of an effects-based nutrient criterion for wadable streams: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 257, Report: vi, 235 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds257.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 235 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,38 ], [ -78,41.5 ], [ -75,41.5 ], [ -75,38 ], [ -78,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, J. Kent","contributorId":54176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loper, Connie A.","contributorId":62243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beaman, Joseph R.","contributorId":79183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaman","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soehl, Anna G.","contributorId":31065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soehl","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Will S.","contributorId":88828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Will","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79894,"text":"sir20075044 - 2007 - Ground-Water Flow Model for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20075044","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5044","title":"Ground-Water Flow Model for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho","docAbstract":"This report presents a computer model of ground-water flow in the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie (SVRP) aquifer in Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho. The aquifer is the sole source of drinking water for more than 500,000 residents in the area. In response to the concerns about the impacts of increased ground-water withdrawals resulting from recent and projected urban growth, a comprehensive study was initiated by the Idaho Department of Water Resources, the Washington Department of Ecology, and the U.S. Geological Survey to improve the understanding of ground-water flow in the aquifer and of the interaction between ground water and surface water. The ground-water flow model presented in this report is one component of this comprehensive study. The primary purpose of the model is to serve as a tool for analyzing aquifer inflows and outflows, simulating the effects of future changes in ground-water withdrawals from the aquifer, and evaluating aquifer management strategies. The scale of the model and the level of detail are intended for analysis of aquifer-wide water-supply issues.\r\n\r\nThe SVRP aquifer model was developed by the Modeling Team formed within the comprehensive study. The Modeling Team consisted of staff and personnel working under contract with the Idaho Department of Water Resources, personnel working under contract with the Washington Department of Ecology, and staff of the U.S. Geological Survey. To arrive at a final model that has the endorsement of all team members, decisions on modeling approach, methodology, assumptions, and interpretations were reached by consensus.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow model MODFLOW-2000 was used to simulate ground-water flow in the SVPR aquifer. The finite-difference model grid consists of 172 rows, 256 columns, and 3 layers. Ground-water flow was simulated from September 1990 through September 2005 using 181 stress periods of 1 month each. The areal extent of the model encompasses an area of approximately 326 square miles. For the most part, the model extent coincides with the 2005 revised extent of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer as defined in a previous report. However, the model excludes Spirit and Hoodoo Valleys because of uncertainties about the ground-water flow directions in those valleys and the degree of hydraulic connection between the valleys and northern Rathdrum Prairie. The SVRP aquifer is considered to be a single hydrogeologic unit except in Hillyard Trough and the Little Spokane River Arm. In those areas, a continuous clay layer divides the aquifer into an upper, unconfined unit and a lower, confined unit.\r\n\r\nThe model includes all known components of inflows to and outflows from the aquifer. Inflows to the SVRP aquifer include (1) recharge from precipitation, (2) inflows from tributary basins and adjacent uplands, (3) subsurface seepage and surface overflows from lakes that border the aquifer, (4) flow from losing segments of the Spokane River to the aquifer, (5) return percolation from irrigation, and (6) effluent from septic systems. Outflows from the SVRP aquifer include (1) ground-water withdrawals from wells, (2) flow from the aquifer to gaining segments of the Spokane River, (3) aquifer discharge to the Little Spokane River, and (4) subsurface outflow from the lower unit at the western limit of the model area near Long Lake. These inflow and outflow components are represented in the model by using MODFLOW-2000 packages.\r\n\r\nThe parameter-estimation program PEST was used to calibrate the SVRP aquifer model. PEST implements a nonlinear least-squares regression method to estimate model parameters so that the differences between measured and simulated quantities are minimized with respect to an optimal criterion. Calibration data include 1,573 measurements of water levels and 313 measurements of streamflow gains and losses along segments of the Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers.\r\n\r\nModel parameters estimated during calib","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources, Washington State Department of Ecology, University of Idaho, and Washington State University","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., Barber, M.E., Contor, B.A., Hossain, A., Johnson, G.S., Jones, J.L., and Wylie, A.H., 2007, Ground-Water Flow Model for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5044, viii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075044.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9617,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Michael E.","contributorId":94748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Contor, Bryce A.","contributorId":30304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contor","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hossain, Akram","contributorId":106990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossain","given":"Akram","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Gary S.","contributorId":13322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wylie, Allan H.","contributorId":67176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":79924,"text":"sir20065191 - 2007 - Use of borehole-radar methods to monitor a steam-enhanced remediation pilot study at a quarry at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T19:50:56.303108","indexId":"sir20065191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5191","displayTitle":"Use of Borehole-Radar Methods to Monitor a Steam-Enhanced Remediation Pilot Study at a Quarry at the Former Loring Air Force Base, Maine","title":"Use of borehole-radar methods to monitor a steam-enhanced remediation pilot study at a quarry at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine","docAbstract":"Single-hole radar reflection and crosshole radar tomography surveys were used in conjunction with conventional borehole-geophysical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of borehole-radar methods for monitoring the movement of steam and heat through fractured bedrock. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), conducted surveys in an abandoned limestone quarry at the former Loring Air Force Base during a field-scale, steam-enhanced remediation (SER) pilot project conducted by the USEPA, the U.S. Air Force, and the Maine Department of Environmental Protection to study the viability of SER to remediate non-aqueous phase liquid contamination in fractured bedrock.\r\n\r\nNumerical modeling and field experiments indicate that borehole-radar methods have the potential to monitor the presence of steam and to measure large temperature changes in the limestone matrix during SER operations. Based on modeling results, the replacement of water by steam in fractures should produce a decrease in radar reflectivity (amplitude of the reflected wave) by a factor of 10 and a change in reflection polarity. In addition, heating the limestone matrix should increase the bulk electrical conductivity and decrease the bulk dielectric permittivity. These changes result in an increase in radar attenuation and an increase in radar-wave propagation velocity, respectively.\r\n\r\nSingle-hole radar reflection and crosshole radar tomography data were collected in two boreholes using 100-megahertz antennas before the start of steam injection, about 10 days after the steam injection began, and 2 months later, near the end of the injection. Fluid temperature logs show that the temperature of the fluid in the boreholes increased by 10?C (degrees Celsius) in one borehole and 40?C in the other; maximum temperatures were measured near the bottom of the boreholes.\r\n\r\nThe results of the numerical modeling were used to interpret the borehole-radar data. Analyses of the single-hole radar reflection data showed almost no indication that steam replaced water in fractures near the boreholes because (1) no change of polarity was observed in the radar reflections; (2) variations in the measured traveltimes were unsubstantial; and (3) most of the observed decreases in reflectivity were too small to have resulted from the replacement of water by steam. Analyses of the crosshole radar tomography data also support the conclusion that steam did not replace water in the fractures around the boreholes because traveltime-difference and attenuation-difference tomograms showed only small decreases in velocity and small increases in attenuation accompanying the steam injection.\r\n\r\nThe radar data are consistent with an increase in the conductivity of the limestone as a result of heating of the limestone matrix near the boreholes. Single-hole radar reflection data collected near the end of the steam injection near the bottom of the borehole with the largest temperature increase showed substantial attenuation. Also, reflector analysis showed small decreases in the amplitudes of radar-wave reflections in data collected before injection and data collected near the end of the collection period. In the crosshole radar tomography data, decreases in velocity and small increases in attenuation also are consistent with temperature increases in the matrix.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., Joesten, P.K., and Lane, J.W., 2007, Use of borehole-radar methods to monitor a steam-enhanced remediation pilot study at a quarry at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5191, ix, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065191.","productDescription":"ix, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":141,"text":"Branch of Geophysics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408822,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81237.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9645,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5191/SIR2006-5191.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"former Loring Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.9064,\n              46.9556\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.9064,\n              46.9550\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.9056,\n              46.9550\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.9056,\n              46.9556\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.9064,\n              46.9556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregoire, Colette","contributorId":24864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"Colette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79895,"text":"ofr20071103 - 2007 - Map and Database of Probable and Possible Quaternary Faults in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr20071103","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1103","title":"Map and Database of Probable and Possible Quaternary Faults in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) with support from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) mission in Afghanistan, has prepared a digital map showing the distribution of probable and suspected Quaternary faults in Afghanistan. This map is a key component of a broader effort to assess and map the country's seismic hazards. Our analyses of remote-sensing imagery reveal a complex array of tectonic features that we interpret to be probable and possible active faults within the country and in the surrounding border region. In our compilation, we have mapped previously recognized active faults in greater detail, and have categorized individual features based on their geomorphic expression. We assigned mapped features to eight newly defined domains, each of which contains features that appear to have similar styles of deformation. The styles of deformation associated with each domain provide insight into the kinematics of the modern tectonism, and define a tectonic framework that helps constrain deformational models of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt.\r\n\r\nThe modern fault movements, deformation, and earthquakes in Afghanistan are driven by the collision between the northward-moving Indian subcontinent and Eurasia. The patterns of probable and possible Quaternary faults generally show that much of the modern tectonic activity is related to transfer of plate-boundary deformation across the country. The left-lateral, strike-slip Chaman fault in southeastern Afghanistan probably has the highest slip rate of any fault in the country; to the north, this slip is distributed onto several fault systems. At the southern margin of the Kabul block, the style of faulting changes from mainly strike-slip motion associated with the boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates, to transpressional and transtensional faulting. North and northeast of the Kabul block, we recognized a complex pattern of potentially active strike-slip, thrust, and normal faults that form a conjugate shear system in a transpressional region of the Trans-Himalayan orogenic belt.\r\n\r\nThe general patterns and orientations of faults and the styles of deformation that we interpret from the imagery are consistent with the styles of faulting determined from focal mechanisms of historical earthquakes. Northwest-trending strike-slip fault zones are cut and displaced by younger, southeast-verging thrust faults; these relations define the interaction between northwest-southeast-oriented contraction and northwest-directed extrusion in the western Himalaya, Pamir, and Hindu Kush regions. Transpression extends into north-central Afghanistan where north-verging contraction along the east-west-trending Alburz-Marmul fault system interacts with northwest-trending strike-slip faults. Pressure ridges related to thrust faulting and extensional basins bounded by normal faults are located at major stepovers in these northwest-trending strike-slip systems. In contrast, young faulting in central and western Afghanistan indicates that the deformation is dominated by extension where strike-slip fault zones transition into regions of normal faults. In addition to these initial observations, our digital map and database provide a foundation that can be expanded, complemented, and modified as future investigations provide more detailed information about the location, characteristics, and history of movement on Quaternary faults in Afghanistan.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071103","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Ruleman, C., Crone, A.J., Machette, M.N., Haller, K.M., and Rukstales, K., 2007, Map and Database of Probable and Possible Quaternary Faults in Afghanistan (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1103, Report: iv, 39 p.; Map: 53 x 38 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071103.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 39 p.; Map: 53 x 38 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9618,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60,29 ], [ 60,39 ], [ 75,39 ], [ 75,29 ], [ 60,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruleman, C.A.","contributorId":50237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruleman","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, A. J.","contributorId":84363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haller, K. M.","contributorId":104073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rukstales, K.S.","contributorId":98799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046028,"text":"70046028 - 2007 - Anza-Terwilliger hydrogeologic structures in Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T15:45:36.237421","indexId":"70046028","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Anza-Terwilliger hydrogeologic structures in Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"This digital geospatial dataset documents the fault traces in the Anza and Terwilliger area of southwest Riverside County, California, that were modified from Moyle (1971) by Woolfenden and Bright (1988, figure 8).  The fault information is used to help assess ground-water level changes in the area of Anza and Terwilliger between 2004 and 2005.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046028","usgsCitation":"Morita, A.Y., Clark, D.A., and Martin, P., 2007, Anza-Terwilliger hydrogeologic structures in Riverside County, California, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046028.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272518,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/anza_hydrogeologic_structures.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.797536,33.486463 ], [ -116.797536,33.605984 ], [ -116.585690,33.605984 ], [ -116.585690,33.486463 ], [ -116.797536,33.486463 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519c9761e4b0ce6c26df819a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morita, Andrew Y. 0000-0002-8120-996X amorita@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-996X","contributorId":1487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morita","given":"Andrew","email":"amorita@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Dennis A. daclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Dennis","email":"daclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79864,"text":"pp1686B - 2007 - Organic-carbon sequestration in soil/sediment of the Mississippi River deltaic plain — Data; landscape distribution, storage, and inventory; accumulation rates; and recent loss, including a post-Katrina preliminary analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T22:28:19.486777","indexId":"pp1686B","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1686","chapter":"B","title":"Organic-carbon sequestration in soil/sediment of the Mississippi River deltaic plain — Data; landscape distribution, storage, and inventory; accumulation rates; and recent loss, including a post-Katrina preliminary analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Soil/sediment of the Mississippi River deltaic plain (MRDP) in southeastern Louisiana is rich in organic carbon (OC). The MRDP contains about 2 percent of all OC in the surface meter of soil/sediment in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). Environments within the MRDP differ in soil/sediment organic carbon (SOC) accumulation rate, storage, and inventory. The focus of this study was twofold: (1) develop a database for OC and bulk density for MRDP soil/sediment; and (2) estimate SOC storage, inventory, and accumulation rates for the dominant environments (brackish, intermediate, and fresh marsh; natural levee; distributary; backswamp; and swamp) in the MRDP. </p><p>Comparative studies were conducted to determine which field and laboratory methods result in the most accurate and reproducible bulk-density values for each marsh environment. Sampling methods included push-core, vibracore, peat borer, and Hargis1 sampler. Bulk-density data for cores taken by the \"short push-core method\" proved to be more internally consistent than data for samples collected by other methods. Laboratory methods to estimate OC concentration and inorganic-constituent concentration included mass spectrometry, coulometry, and loss-on-ignition. For the sampled MRDP environments, these methods were comparable. SOC storage was calculated for each core with adequate OC and bulk-density data. SOC inventory was calculated using core-specific data from this study and available published and unpublished pedon data linked to SSURGO2 map units. Sample age was estimated using isotopic cesium (<sup>37</sup>Cs), lead (<sup>210</sup>Pb), and carbon (<sup>14</sup>C), elemental Pb, palynomorphs, other stratigraphic markers, and written history. SOC accumulation rates were estimated for each core with adequate age data. </p><p>Cesium-137 profiles for marsh soil/sediment are the least ambiguous. Levee and distributary <sup>137</sup>Cs profiles show the effects of intermittent allochthonous input and/or sediment resuspension. Cesium-137 and <sup>210</sup>Pb data gave the most consistent and interpretable information for age estimations of soil/sediment deposited during the 1900s. For several cores, isotopic <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>137</sup>Cs data allowed the 1963-64 nuclear weapons testing (NWT) peak-activity datum to be placed within a few-centimeter depth interval. In some cores, a too old <sup>14</sup>C age (when compared to <sup>137</sup>Cs and microstratigraphic-marker data) is the probable result of old carbon bound to clay minerals incorporated into the organic soil/sediment. Elemental Pb coupled with Pb source-function data allowed age estimation for soil/sediment that accumulated during the late 1920s through the 1980s. Exotic pollen (for example, <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> and <i>Alternanthera philoxeroides</i>) and other microstratigraphic indicators (for example, carbon spherules) allowed age estimations for marsh soil/sediment deposited during the settlement of New Orleans (1717-20) through the early 1900s. </p><p>For this study, MRDP distributary and swamp environments were each represented by only one core, backswamp environment by two cores, all other environments by three or more cores. MRDP core data for the surface meter soil/sediment indicate that (1) coastal marshes, abandoned distributaries, and swamps have regional SOC-storage values &gt;16 kg m<sup>-2</sup>; (2) swamps and abandoned distributaries have the highest SOC storage values (swamp, 44.8 kg m<sup>-2</sup>; abandoned distributary, 50.9 kg m<sup>-2</sup>); (3) fresh-to-brackish marsh environments have the second highest site-specific SOC-storage values; and (4) site-specific marsh SOC storage values decrease as the salinity of the environment increases (fresh-marsh, 36.2 kg m<sup>-2</sup>; intermediate marsh, 26.2 kg m<sup>-2</sup>; brackish marsh, 21.5 kg m<sup>-2</sup>). This inverse relation between salinity and SOC storage is opposite the regional systematic increase in SOC storage with increasing salinity that is evident when SOC storage is mapped by linking pedon data to SSURGO map units (fresh marsh, 47 kg m<sup>-2</sup>; intermediate marsh, 67 kg m<sup>-2</sup>; brackish marsh, 75 kg m<sup>-2</sup>; and salt marsh, 80 kg m<sup>-2</sup>). </p><p>MRDP core data for this study also indicate that levees and backswamp have regional SOC-storage values &lt;16 kg m<sup>-2</sup>. Group-mean SOC storage for cores from these environments are natural levee (17.0 kg m<sup>-2</sup>) and backswamp (14.1 kg m<sup>-2</sup>). </p><p>An estimate for the SOC inventory in the surface meter of soil/sediment in the MRDP can be made using the SSURGO mapped portion of the coastal-marsh vegetative-type map (13,236 km<sup>2</sup>, land-only area) published by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and U.S. Geological Survey (1997). This area has a SOC inventory (surface meter) of 677 Tg (slightly more than 2 percent of the 30,289 Tg SOC inventory for the MRB). The MRDP (6,180 km2, land-only area) has an estimated SOC inventory of 397 Tg. Most of the MRDP is located within the SSURGO mapped coastal marshlands. The entire MRDP, including water, has an area of about 10,800 km<sup>2</sup>. Using the ratio of total MRDP area to SSURGO mapped MRDP area as an adjustment, the MRDP SOC inventory is estimated at 694 Tg. This larger estimate of 694 Tg for the SOC inventory is probably more realistic, because it is reasonable to assume that the marsh sediments overlain by shallow water have comparable SOC storage to that of the adjacent land areas. </p><p>MRDP core data for this study indicate that there is some variability in long-term SOC mass-accumulation rates for centuries and millennia and that this variability may indicate important geologic changes or changes in land use. However, the consistency of the range in rates of SOC accumulation through time suggests a remarkable degree of marsh sustainability throughout the Holocene, including the recent period of significant marsh modification/channelization for human use. One example of marsh sustainability is its present ability to function as a SOC sink even with Louisiana's large-scale coastal land loss during the last several decades. With coastal-marsh restoration efforts, this sink potential will increase.</p><p> Looking to the future, a total of 1,101 g m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> SOC is projected to be lost from all of coastal Louisiana (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) subprovinces 1-4; not just the MRDP) through coastal erosion from year 2000 to 2050. This translates to a projected SOC-loss rate of about 0.20 percent per year.</p><p> The recent Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, which devastated the Louisiana coast during late August and late September 2005, transformed about 259 km<sup>2</sup> (100 mi<sup>2</sup>) of marsh to open water (U.S. Geological Survey, 2005). To the extent that some or all of this land loss is permanent, this result equates to a SOC loss of about 15 Tg. This estimate is based on the year-2000 15,153-km<sup>2</sup> land area for the LCA study area that includes LCA subprovince 4. Using the year-2000 land area, the LCA study area had an estimated SOC inventory of 858 Tg. The estimated 15 Tg SOC loss attributable to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita is 1.7 percent of the year-2000 LCA inventory and 2.3 percent of the year-2000 MRDP inventory. If this SOC loss is included in the projection for the year 2050, then the MRDP would either remain a source with a net SOC loss of 3 Tg or become a weak sink with a net SOC gain of 4 Tg. These estimates are lower bounds for potential SOC flux because they are only for the surface meter of landmass.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil-carbon storage and inventory for the continental United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1686B","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H., Buell, G.R., Britsch, L.D., McGeehin, J., Robbins, J.A., Wrenn, J.H., Dillon, D.L., Fries, T.L., and Morehead, N.R., 2007, Organic-carbon sequestration in soil/sediment of the Mississippi River deltaic plain — Data; landscape distribution, storage, and inventory; accumulation rates; and recent loss, including a post-Katrina preliminary analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1686, xiv, 241 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1686B.","productDescription":"xiv, 241 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393992,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81230.htm"},{"id":9584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2007/1686b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River deltaic plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.56005859375,\n              29.06097140738389\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.11560058593749,\n              29.06097140738389\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.11560058593749,\n              30.09286062952815\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.56005859375,\n              30.09286062952815\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.56005859375,\n              29.06097140738389\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68ad05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W.","contributorId":38973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buell, Gary R. grbuell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"Gary","email":"grbuell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britsch, Louis D.","contributorId":78024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britsch","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, John A.","contributorId":97583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wrenn, John H.","contributorId":54303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wrenn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dillon, Douglas L.","contributorId":75641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fries, Terry L.","contributorId":76349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morehead, Nancy R.","contributorId":100957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morehead","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":79852,"text":"ofr20071072 - 2007 - Comprehensive Areal Model of Earthquake-Induced Landslides: Technical Specification and User Guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"ofr20071072","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1072","title":"Comprehensive Areal Model of Earthquake-Induced Landslides: Technical Specification and User Guide","docAbstract":"This report describes the complete design of a comprehensive areal model of earthquakeinduced landslides (CAMEL). This report presents the design process, technical specification of CAMEL. It also provides a guide to using the CAMEL source code and template ESRI ArcGIS map document file for applying CAMEL, both of which can be obtained by contacting the authors. CAMEL is a regional-scale model of earthquake-induced landslide hazard developed using fuzzy logic systems. CAMEL currently estimates areal landslide concentration (number of landslides per square kilometer) of six aggregated types of earthquake-induced landslides - three types each for rock and soil.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071072","usgsCitation":"Miles, S.B., and Keefer, D.K., 2007, Comprehensive Areal Model of Earthquake-Induced Landslides: Technical Specification and User Guide (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1072, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071072.","productDescription":"69 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":236,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1072/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, Scott B.","contributorId":38600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79849,"text":"sir20075012 - 2007 - Bathymetry of Walker Lake, West-Central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20075012","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5012","title":"Bathymetry of Walker Lake, West-Central Nevada","docAbstract":"Walker Lake lies within a topographically closed basin in west-central Nevada and is the terminus of the Walker River. Much of the streamflow in the Walker River is diverted for irrigation, which has contributed to a decline in lake-surface altitude of about 150 feet and an increase in dissolved solids from 2,500 to 16,000 milligrams per liter in Walker Lake since 1882. The increase in salinity threatens the fresh-water ecosystem and survival of the Lahontan cutthroat trout, a species listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Accurately determining the bathymetry and relations between lake-surface altitude, surface area, and storage volume are part of a study to improve the water budget for Walker Lake. This report describes the updated bathymetry of Walker Lake, a comparison of results from this study and a study by Rush in 1970, and an estimate of the 1882 lake-surface altitude.\r\n\r\nBathymetry was measured using a single-beam echosounder coupled to a differentially-corrected global positioning system. Lake depth was subtracted from the lake-surface altitude to calculate the altitude of the lake bottom. A Lidar (light detection and ranging) survey and high resolution aerial imagery were used to create digital elevation models around Walker Lake. The altitude of the lake bottom and digital elevation models were merged together to create a single map showing land-surface altitude contours delineating areas that are currently or that were submerged by Walker Lake. Surface area and storage volume for lake-surface altitudes of 3,851.5-4,120 feet were calculated with 3-D surface-analysis software.\r\n\r\nWalker Lake is oval shaped with a north-south trending long axis. On June 28, 2005, the lake-surface altitude was 3,935.6 feet, maximum depth was 86.3 feet, and the surface area was 32,190 acres. The minimum altitude of the lake bottom from discrete point depths is 3,849.3 feet near the center of Walker Lake. The lake bottom is remarkably smooth except for mounds near the shore and river mouth that could be boulders, tree stumps, logs, or other submerged objects.\r\n\r\nThe echosounder detected what appeared to be mounds in the deepest parts of Walker Lake, miles from the shore and river mouth. However, side-scan sonar and divers did not confirm the presence of mounds. Anomalies occur in two northwest trending groups in northern and southern Walker Lake. It is hypothesized that some anomalies indicate spring discharge along faults based on tufa-like rocks that were observed and the northwest trend parallel to and in proximity of mapped faults. Also, evaporation measured from Walker Lake is about 50 percent more than the previous estimate, indicating more water is flowing into the lake from sources other than the Walker River. Additional studies need to be done to determine what the anomalies are and whether they are related to the hydrology of Walker Lake.\r\n\r\nMost differences in surface area and storage volume between this study and a study by Rush in 1970 were less than 1 percent. The largest differences occur at lake-surface altitudes less than 3,916 feet. In general, relations between lake-surface altitude, surface area, and storage volume from Rush's study and this study are nearly identical throughout most of the range in lake-surface altitude.\r\n\r\nThe lake-surface altitude in 1882 was estimated to be between 4,080 feet and 4,086 feet with a probable altitude of 4,082 feet. This estimate compares well with two previous estimates of 4,083 feet and 4,086 feet. Researchers believe the historic highstand of Walker Lake occurred in 1868 and estimated the highstand was between 4,089 feet and 4,108 feet. By 1882, Mason Valley was predominantly agricultural. The 7-26 feet decline in lake-surface altitude between 1868 and 1882 could partially be due to irrigation diversions during this time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., and Smith, J.L., 2007, Bathymetry of Walker Lake, West-Central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5012, Report (vi, 27 p.); Plate (30 x 42 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075012.","productDescription":"Report (vi, 27 p.); Plate (30 x 42 inches)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e555","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79857,"text":"pp1656C - 2007 - Exchanges of Water between the Upper Floridan Aquifer and the Lower Suwannee and Lower Santa Fe Rivers, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"pp1656C","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1656","chapter":"C","title":"Exchanges of Water between the Upper Floridan Aquifer and the Lower Suwannee and Lower Santa Fe Rivers, Florida","docAbstract":"Exchanges of water between the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Lower Suwannee River were evaluated using historic and current hydrologic data from the Lower Suwannee River Basin and adjacent areas that contribute ground-water flow to the lowest 76 miles of the Suwannee River and the lowest 28 miles of the Santa Fe River. These and other data were also used to develop a computer model that simulated the movement of water in the aquifer and river, and surface- and ground-water exchanges between these systems over a range of hydrologic conditions and a set of hypothetical water-use scenarios.\r\n\r\nLong-term data indicate that at least 15 percent of the average annual flow in the Suwannee River near Wilcox (at river mile 36) is derived from ground-water discharge to the Lower Suwannee and Lower Santa Fe Rivers. Model simulations of ground-water flow to this reach during water years 1998 and 1999 were similar to these model-independent estimates and indicated that ground-water discharge accounted for about 12 percent of the flow in the Lower Suwannee River during this time period.\r\n\r\nThe simulated average ground-water discharge to the Lower Suwannee River downstream from the mouth of the Santa Fe River was about 2,000 cubic feet per second during water years 1998 and 1999. Simulated monthly average ground-water discharge rates to this reach ranged from about 1,500 to 3,200 cubic feet per second. These temporal variations in ground-water discharge were associated with climatic phenomena, including periods of strong influence by El Ni?o-associated flooding, and La Ni?a-associated drought. These variations showed a relatively consistent pattern in which the lowest rates of ground-water inflow occurred during periods of peak flood levels (when river levels rose faster than ground-water levels) and after periods of extended droughts (when ground-water storage was depleted). Conversely, the highest rates of ground-water inflow typically occurred during periods of receding levels that followed peak river levels.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1656C","isbn":"0607978159","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suwannee River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Grubbs, J.W., and Crandall, C.A., 2007, Exchanges of Water between the Upper Floridan Aquifer and the Lower Suwannee and Lower Santa Fe Rivers, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1656, x, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1656C.","productDescription":"x, 83 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1656c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grubbs, J. W.","contributorId":77139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubbs","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crandall, C. A.","contributorId":93943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79858,"text":"sir20075057 - 2007 - Assessment of elemental concentrations in streams of the New Lead Belt in southeastern Missouri, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:50:31","indexId":"sir20075057","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5057","title":"Assessment of elemental concentrations in streams of the New Lead Belt in southeastern Missouri, 2002-05","docAbstract":"Concerns about possible effects of lead-mining activities on the water quality of federally protected streams located in southeastern Missouri prompted a suite of multidisciplinary studies to be conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. As part of this investigation, a series of biological studies were initiated in 2001 for streams in the current mining region and the prospecting area. In this report, results are examined for trace elements and other selected chemical measurements in sediment, surface water, and sediment interstitial (pore) water sampled between 2002 and 2005 in association with these biological studies.\r\n\r\nCompared to reference sites, fine sediments collected downstream from mining areas were enriched in metals by factors as large as 75 for cadmium, 62 for cobalt, 171 for nickel, 95 for lead, and 150 for zinc. Greatest metal concentrations in sediments collected in 2002 were from sites downstream from mines on Strother Creek, Courtois Creek, and the West Fork Black River. Sediments from sites on Bee Fork, Logan Creek, and Sweetwater Creek also were noticeably enriched in lead. Sediments in Clearwater Lake, at least 75 kilometers downstream from mining activity, had metal concentrations that were 1.5 to 2.1 times greater than sediments in an area of the lake with no upstream mining activity. Longitudinal sampling along three streams in 2004 indicated that sediment metal concentrations decreased considerably a few kilometers downstream from mining activities; however, in Strother Creek some metals were still enriched by a factor of five or more as far as 13 kilometers downstream from the Buick tailings impoundment. Compared with 2002 samples, metals concentrations were dramatically lower in sediments collected in 2004 at an upper West Fork Black River site, presumably because beneficiation operations at the West Fork mill ceased in 2000.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of metals and sulfate in sediment interstitial (pore) waters generally tracked closely with metal concentrations in sediments. Metals, including cobalt, nickel, lead, and zinc, were elevated substantially in laboratory-produced pore waters of fine sediments collected near mining operations in 2002 and 2004. Passive diffusion samplers (peepers) buried 4 to 6 centimeters deep in riffle-run stream sediments during 2003 and 2005 had much lower pore-water metal concentrations than the laboratory-produced pore waters of fine sediments collected in 2002 and 2004, but each sampling method produced similar patterns among sites. The combined mean concentration of lead in peeper samples from selected sites located downstream from mining activities for six streams was about 10-fold greater than the mean of the reference sites. In most instances, metals concentrations in surface water and peeper water were not greatly different, indicating considerable exchange between the surface water and pore water at the depths and locations where peepers were situated.\r\n\r\nPassive sampling probes used to assess metal lability in pore waters of selected samples during 2004 sediment toxicity tests indicated that most of the filterable lead in the laboratory-prepared pore water was relatively non-labile, presumably because lead was complexed by organic matter, or was present as colloidal species. In contrast, large percentages of cobalt and nickel in pore water appeared to be labile. Passive integrative samplers deployed in surface water for up to 3 weeks at three sites in July 2005 confirmed the presence of elevated concentrations of labile metals downstream from mining operations on Strother Creek and, to a lesser extent, Bee Fork. These samplers also indicated a considerable increase in metal loadings occurred for a few days at the Strother Creek site, which coincided with moderate increases in stream discharges in the area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075057","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., May, T.W., Besser, J.M., Allert, A., and Schmitt, C.J., 2007, Assessment of elemental concentrations in streams of the New Lead Belt in southeastern Missouri, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5057, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075057.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"68","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5057.jpg"},{"id":9578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":329529,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5057/pdf/SIR07-5057.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allert, Ann L. aallert@usgs.gov","contributorId":494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"Ann L.","email":"aallert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79851,"text":"ofr20071027 - 2007 - Publications of the Western Earth Surfaces Processes Team 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"ofr20071027","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1027","title":"Publications of the Western Earth Surfaces Processes Team 2005","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Western Earth Surface Processes Team (WESPT) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts geologic mapping, earth-surface process investigations, and related topical earth science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, landslides and other potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis in 2005 included southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Mojave Desert, the Colorado Plateau region of northern Arizona, and the Pacific Northwest. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States. The results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 2005 as well as additional 2002, 2003, and 2004 publications that were not included in the previous lists (USGS Open-File Reports 03-363, 2004- 1267, 2005-1362). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects. Several of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Many of these web publications are USGS Open-File reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information. Information on ordering USGS publications can be found on the World Wide Web at http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/, or by calling 1-888-ASK-USGS. The U.S. Geological Survey's web server for geologic information in the western United States is located at http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/. More information is available about the WESPT is available on-line at http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/wgmt.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071027","usgsCitation":"Powell, C., and Stone, P., 2007, Publications of the Western Earth Surfaces Processes Team 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1027, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071027.","productDescription":"21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9571,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d83d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Charles II","contributorId":96362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79834,"text":"ofr20071040 - 2007 - Methods for Estimating Annual Wastewater Nutrient Loads in the Southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:34:02","indexId":"ofr20071040","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1040","title":"Methods for Estimating Annual Wastewater Nutrient Loads in the Southeastern United States","docAbstract":"This report describes an approach for estimating annual total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads from point-source dischargers in the southeastern United States. Nutrient load estimates for 2002 were used in the calibration and application of a regional nutrient model, referred to as the SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) watershed model. Loads from dischargers permitted under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System were calculated using data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Permit Compliance System database and individual state databases. Site information from both state and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency databases, including latitude and longitude and monitored effluent data, was compiled into a project database. For sites with a complete effluent-monitoring record, effluent-flow and nutrient-concentration data were used to develop estimates of annual point-source nitrogen and phosphorus loads. When flow data were available but nutrient-concentration data were missing or incomplete, typical pollutant-concentration values of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were used to estimate load. In developing typical pollutant-concentration values, the major factors assumed to influence wastewater nutrient-concentration variability were the size of the discharger (the amount of flow), the season during which discharge occurred, and the Standard Industrial Classification code of the discharger. One insight gained from this study is that in order to gain access to flow, concentration, and location data, close communication and collaboration are required with the agencies that collect and manage the data. In addition, the accuracy and usefulness of the load estimates depend on the willingness of the states and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to provide guidance and review for at least a subset of the load estimates that may be problematic.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071040","usgsCitation":"McMahon, G., Tervelt, L., and Donehoo, W., 2007, Methods for Estimating Annual Wastewater Nutrient Loads in the Southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1040, iv, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071040.","productDescription":"iv, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9528,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a0d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tervelt, Larinda","contributorId":80765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tervelt","given":"Larinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donehoo, William","contributorId":11291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donehoo","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79831,"text":"ofr20061265 - 2007 - Preliminary Surficial Geology of the Dove Spring Off-Highway Vehicle Open Area, Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20061265","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1265","title":"Preliminary Surficial Geology of the Dove Spring Off-Highway Vehicle Open Area, Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nAs part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitoring plan to evaluate the environmental impact of off-highway vehicle (OHV) use on Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land in California, this report presents results of geologic studies in the Dove Spring OHV Open Area. This study produced baseline data, which when combined with historic and current patterns of land use, forms the basis for vegetation and wildlife monitoring designed to address the following questions:\r\n1. Is the density and length of OHV routes increasing?\r\n2. Are there cumulative effects of past and current OHV use associated with changes in the environmental integrity of soils, plants, and wildlife?\r\n3. Is the spread of invasive species associated with levels of OHV use?\r\n4. Is there a threshold of OHV impact that might be translated to management action by the BLM?\r\n\r\nThe monitoring studies will be used to collect baseline environmental information to determine levels of environmental impact of OHV use. This approach will use a low-impact area as a proxy for pre-impact conditions (substituting space for time) to determine thresholds of OHV impacts beyond which environmental integrity is affected. Indicators of environmental integrity will emphasize factors that are fundamental to ecosystem structure and function and likely to be sensitive to OHV impacts.\r\n\r\nSurficial geology is studied because material properties such as texture and chemistry strongly control soil moisture and nutrient availability and therefore affect plant growth and distribution. An understanding of surficial geology can be used to predict and extrapolate soil properties and improve understanding of vegetation assemblages and their distribution. In the present study, vegetation associations may be examined as a function of surficial geology as well as other environmental variables such as slope, aspect, NRCS (National Resources Conservation Service) soil classification, elevation, and land-use history. Ground measurements of vegetation, biological soil crusts, compaction, and other information may be correlated with land use to identify possible ecological thresholds in OHV use that require monitoring.\r\n\r\nSurficial geology is relevant for several other studies of OHV impact, such as soil compaction, dust emissions, and acceleration of erosion. Compaction, reduced infiltration, and accelerated erosion have been documented in Dove Spring Canyon because of OHV use (Snyder and others, 1976) and elsewhere in the Mojave Desert (e.g., Webb, 1983; Langdon, 2000). A surficial geologic map enables the use of geomorphic process models, which when combined with measured soil properties, such as texture, nutrient chemistry, and bulk density, allows spatial extrapolation of the properties. Maps can be produced that predict compaction susceptibility, moisture conditions, dust emissions, flood hazards, and erodibility, among other applications.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061265","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., and Amoroso, L., 2007, Preliminary Surficial Geology of the Dove Spring Off-Highway Vehicle Open Area, Mojave Desert, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1265, Documentation Package; Digital Database Package; Plot File Package (Map 46 x 34 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061265.","productDescription":"Documentation Package; Digital Database Package; Plot File Package (Map 46 x 34 inches)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9525,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1265/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amoroso, Lee lamoroso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amoroso","given":"Lee","email":"lamoroso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79832,"text":"ofr20061187 - 2007 - Archival policies and collections database for the Woods Hole Science Center's marine sediment samples","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79832,"text":"ofr20061187 - 2007 - Archival policies and collections database for the Woods Hole Science Center's marine sediment samples","indexId":"ofr20061187","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Archival policies and collections database for the Woods Hole Science Center's marine sediment samples"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70238145,"text":"sir20225106 - 2022 - Collections management plan for the U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center samples repository","indexId":"sir20225106","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"title":"Collections management plan for the U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center samples repository"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70238145,"text":"sir20225106 - 2022 - Collections management plan for the U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center samples repository","indexId":"sir20225106","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"title":"Collections management plan for the U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center samples repository"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T20:52:24.852499","indexId":"ofr20061187","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1187","title":"Archival policies and collections database for the Woods Hole Science Center's marine sediment samples","docAbstract":"<p>The Woods Hole Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been an active member of the Woods Hole research community, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for over 40 years. In that time there have been many projects that involved the collection of sediment samples conducted by USGS scientists and technicians for the research and study of seabed environments and processes. These samples were collected at sea or near shore and then brought back to the Woods Hole Science Center (WHSC) for analysis. While at the center, samples are stored in ambient temperature, refrigerated and freezing conditions ranging from +2º Celsius to -18º Celsius, depending on the best mode of preparation for the study being conducted or the duration of storage planned for the samples. Recently, storage methods and available storage space have become a major concern at the WHSC. The core and sediment archive program described herein has been initiated to set standards for the management, methods, and duration of sample storage.</p>\n<br>\n<p>A need has arisen to maintain organizational consistency and define storage protocol. This handbook serves as a reference and guide to all parties interested in using and accessing the WHSC's sample archive and also defines all the steps necessary to construct and maintain an organized collection of geological samples. It answers many questions as to the way in which the archive functions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061187","usgsCitation":"Buczkowski, B., and Kelsey, S.A., 2007, Archival policies and collections database for the Woods Hole Science Center's marine sediment samples (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1187, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061187.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292741,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1187/images/pdf/report.pdf"},{"id":194732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1187/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":9526,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buczkowski, Brian J.","contributorId":40299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buczkowski","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelsey, Sarah A.","contributorId":62303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79818,"text":"sim2967 - 2007 - Surficial Geologic Map of the West Franklin Quadrangle, Vanderburgh and Posey Counties, Indiana, and Henderson County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"sim2967","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2967","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the West Franklin Quadrangle, Vanderburgh and Posey Counties, Indiana, and Henderson County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The valley of the Ohio River is filled with alluvium and outwash (unit Qal), which total 33-39 m thick under the land surface in the southeast part of the West Franklin quadrangle in Indiana, and 30.5-35 m thick under Diamond Island in the southwest corner of the quadrangle.  The deposits are chiefly fine- to medium-grained, lithic quartzose sand, interbedded by lenses of clay, clayey silt, silt, coarse sand, granules, and gravel.  Although grain size of the river alluvium varies widely, in general it fines upward-being gravelly sand to sandy gravel in the lower part, mainly sand in the middle part, and silty and clayey in the upper part (Holocene).  The middle and lower parts probably accumulated during the Wisconsin Episode (late Pleistocene).  The sandy middle part contains interbeds of clay, silt, and minor gravel.  At the base is highly consolidated mud (silt and clay), sand, and gravel 2-10 m thick.  This unit may be valley train that predates the Wisconsin Episode.\r\n\r\nCreek alluvium (unit Qa) is silt, clayey silt, and subordinate intercalated fine sand, granules, and pebbles; the coarser grains are generally concentrated in the basal 1-2 m of the deposit.  Lenses and beds of clay are present locally.  Fossil wood collected from an auger hole in the alluvial deposits of Little Creek, at depths of 10.6 m and 6.4 m, were dated 16,650?50 and 11,120?40 radiocarbon years, respectively.  Probable lacustrine terrace silt and clay (Qlt), so-called slackwater-lake or backwater deposits, form deposits 12-22 m thick in the lowest reaches of tributary creeks to the Ohio River.  The surfaces of the lacustrine deposits are terraces a few meters higher than the modern creek flood plains.  Covering the bedrock upland is loess (Ql) 3-7.5 m thick, deposited about 18,000-12,000 years before present.  Most surficial deposits in the quadrangle are probably no older than about 35,000 yrs.  Lithologic logs, shear-wave velocities, and other cone penetrometer data are used to interpret depositional environments and geologic history of the alluvium and lacustrine deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2967","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., Newell, W., Counts, R.C., Fraser, G.S., Fishbaugh, D.A., and Brandt, T.R., 2007, Surficial Geologic Map of the West Franklin Quadrangle, Vanderburgh and Posey Counties, Indiana, and Henderson County, Kentucky (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2967, Plate (54 x 36 inches); Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2967.","productDescription":"Plate (54 x 36 inches); Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110723,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81180.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81180"},{"id":194974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2967/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.5,37.8675 ], [ -87.5,38 ], [ -87.61749999999999,38 ], [ -87.61749999999999,37.8675 ], [ -87.5,37.8675 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6895ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newell, Wayne L.","contributorId":48538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Counts, Ronald C. 0000-0002-8426-1990 rcounts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-1990","contributorId":5343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counts","given":"Ronald","email":"rcounts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraser, Gordon S.","contributorId":37841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fishbaugh, David A.","contributorId":16940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishbaugh","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":79820,"text":"sir20075045 - 2007 - Effects of climatic extremes on ground water in western Utah, 1930-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:41:51","indexId":"sir20075045","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5045","title":"Effects of climatic extremes on ground water in western Utah, 1930-2005","docAbstract":"<p>Climatic extremes affect ground-water levels and quality in the basins of western Utah. The five droughts since 1930: 1930-36, 1953-65, 1974-78, 1988-93, and 1999-2004—resulted in much-less-than-average recharge, and the pronounced wet period of 1982-86 resulted in much-greater-than-average recharge. Decreased recharge lowered the ground-water level, and increased recharge raised it. These changes were largest in recharge areas—in discharge areas the water level is relatively constant and the primary effect is a change in the discharge area—smaller during a drought and larger during a pronounced wet period.</p><p>The largest part of water-level change during climatic extremes, however, is not a result of changes in recharge but is related to changes in ground-water withdrawal. During a drought withdrawals increase to satisfy increased demand for ground water, especially in irrigated areas, and water levels decline. During a pronounced wet period, withdrawals decrease because of less demand and water levels rise. The amount of water-level change in representative observation wells in a basin is generally proportional to the basin’s withdrawal. In undeveloped Tule Valley, water-level changes related to climatic extremes during 1981-2005 are less than 2 feet. In Snake Valley (small withdrawal), Tooele Valley (moderate withdrawal), and Pahvant Valley (large withdrawal), water-level declines in representative wells from 1985-86 to 2005 were 13.4, 23.8, and 63.8 feet, respectively.</p><p>Ground-water quality is also affected by climatic extremes. In six irrigated areas in western Utah, water-level decline during drought has induced flow of water with large dissolved-solids concentrations toward areas of pumping, increasing the dissolved-solids concentrations in water sampled from observation wells. During the 1982-86 wet period, increased recharge resulted in a later decrease in dissolved-solids concentrations in three basins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075045","usgsCitation":"Gates, J., 2007, Effects of climatic extremes on ground water in western Utah, 1930-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5045, vi, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075045.","productDescription":"vi, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9520,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5045/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db496778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, Joseph S.","contributorId":21647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Joseph S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79807,"text":"ofr20071030 - 2007 - Simulation of Flood Profiles for Fivemile Creek at Tarrant, Alabama, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"ofr20071030","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1030","title":"Simulation of Flood Profiles for Fivemile Creek at Tarrant, Alabama, 2006","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional step-backwater model was used to simulate flooding conditions for Fivemile Creek at Tarrant, Alabama. The 100-year flood stage published in the current flood insurance study for Tarrant by the Federal Emergency Management Agency was significantly exceeded by the March 2000 and May 2003 floods in this area. A peak flow of 14,100 cubic feet per second was computed by the U.S. Geological Survey for the May 2003 flood in the vicinity of Lawson Road. Using this estimated peak flow, flood-plain surveys with associated roughness coefficients, and the surveyed high-water profile for the May 2003 flood, a flow model was calibrated to closely match this known event. The calibrated model was then used to simulate flooding for the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence interval floods.\r\n\r\nThe results indicate that for the 100-year recurrence interval, the flood profile is about 2.5 feet higher, on average, than the profile published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The absolute maximum and minimum difference is 6.80 feet and 0.67 foot, respectively. All water-surface elevations computed for the 100-year flood are higher than those published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, except for cross section H. The results of this study provide the community with flood-profile information that can be used for existing flood-plain mitigation, future development, and safety plans for the city.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Tarrant, Alabama","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., and Hedgecock, T., 2007, Simulation of Flood Profiles for Fivemile Creek at Tarrant, Alabama, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1030, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071030.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49aee4b07f02db5c7719","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, K.G.","contributorId":28319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedgecock, T.S.","contributorId":16107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedgecock","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79802,"text":"ds240 - 2007 - Enhanced Historical Land-Use and Land-Cover Data Sets of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T10:17:39","indexId":"ds240","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"240","title":"Enhanced Historical Land-Use and Land-Cover Data Sets of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Historical land-use and land-cover data, available from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the conterminous United States and Hawaii, have been enhanced for use in geographic information systems (GIS) applications. The original digital data sets were created by the USGS in the late 1970s and early 1980s and were later converted by USGS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to a geographic information system (GIS) format in the early 1990s. These data were made available on USEPA's Web site since the early 1990s and have been used for many national applications, despite minor coding and topological errors. During the 1990s, a group of USGS researchers made modifications to the data set for use in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. These edited files have been further modified to create a more accurate, topologically clean, and seamless national data set. Several different methods, including custom editing software and several batch processes, were applied to create this enhanced version of the national data set. The data sets are included in this report in the commonly used shapefile and Tagged Image Format File (TIFF) formats. In addition, this report includes two polygon data sets (in shapefile format) representing (1) land-use and land-cover source documentation extracted from the previously published USGS data files, and (2) the extent of each polygon data file.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds240","usgsCitation":"Price, C.V., Nakagaki, N., Hitt, K.J., and Clawges, R.M., 2007, Enhanced Historical Land-Use and Land-Cover Data Sets of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 240, Online Only - document & data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds240.","productDescription":"Online Only - document & data files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9496,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273162,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds240_landuse_poly.xml"},{"id":273163,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds240_landuse_src_poly.xml"},{"id":273164,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds240_landuse_raster.xml"},{"id":273165,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds240_landuse_tilepoly.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.5000,18.750 ], [ -160.5000,50.0000 ], [ -66.0000,50.0000 ], [ -66.0000,18.750 ], [ -160.5000,18.750 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6026bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nakagaki, Naomi 0000-0003-3653-0540 nakagaki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-0540","contributorId":1067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagaki","given":"Naomi","email":"nakagaki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hitt, Kerie J.","contributorId":54565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clawges, Rick M.","contributorId":71583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":79797,"text":"ofr20051346 - 2007 - Geologic framework studies of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River Inlet to Winyah Bay, 1999-2003: Geospatial data release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-14T15:47:36.073923","indexId":"ofr20051346","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1346","title":"Geologic framework studies of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River Inlet to Winyah Bay, 1999-2003: Geospatial data release","docAbstract":"<p>The northern South Carolina coast is a heavily developed region that supports a thriving tourism industry, large local populations and extensive infrastructure (Figure 1). The economic stability of the region is closely tied to the health of its beaches: primarily in providing support for local tourism and protection from storm events. Despite relatively low long-term shoreline erosion rates, and the implied stability of the beaches, the economic impact of storm events to coastal communities has been costly. For example, Hurricane Hugo made landfall on the central South Carolina coast in 1989. High winds and storm surge inflicted roughly $6 billion in property loss and damages, and Hugo remains the costliest storm event in South Carolina history. Localized erosion, commonly occurring around tidal inlets and erosion \"hot spots\", has also proved costly. Construction and maintenance of hard structures and beach nourishment, designed to mitigate the effects of erosion, have become annual or multi-annual expenditures. Providing a better understanding of the physical processes controlling coastal erosion and shoreline change will allow for more effective management of coastal resources.</p><p>In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in partnership with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium (SCSGC), began a study to investigate inner continental shelf and shoreface processes. The objectives of the USGS/SCSGC cooperative program are: 1) to provide a regional synthesis of the shallow geologic framework underlying the shoreface and inner continental shelf, and to define its role in coastal evolution and modern beach behavior; 2) to identify and model the physical processes affecting coastal ocean circulation and sediment transport, and to define their role in shaping the modern shoreline; and 3) to identify sediment sources and transport pathways in order to develop a regional sediment budget.</p><p>This report contains the geospatial data used to define the geologic framework offshore of the northern South Carolina coast. The digital data presented herein accompany USGS Open-File Reports OFR 2004-1013 and OFR 2005-1345, describing the stratigraphic framework and modern sediment distribution within Long Bay, respectively. Direct on-line links to these publications are available within 'References' on the navigation bar to the left. Additional links to other publications and web sites are also available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051346","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, W.E., Denny, J.F., Schwab, W.C., Gayes, P., Morton, R., and Driscoll, N.W., 2007, Geologic framework studies of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River Inlet to Winyah Bay, 1999-2003: Geospatial data release: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1346, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051346.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"310 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9487,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414660,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81181.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Little River Inlet, Long Bay, Winyah Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.56161016403217,\n              33.8416676065856\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.66435873645273,\n              33.816264761685815\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.7793392817811,\n              33.765436434888954\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.94080132415749,\n              33.64332542273374\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.04721948845037,\n              33.52104097264089\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.12183452318465,\n              33.44350458955091\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.15608404732542,\n              33.34137736780946\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.18544078230246,\n              33.23503786456983\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.17711245729268,\n              33.17956116022201\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.06063965281108,\n              33.16538066315526\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.99499134483041,\n              33.32300938270991\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.66674980492712,\n              33.68324079343637\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.50368787865216,\n              33.778344870169946\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.56161016403217,\n              33.8416676065856\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, W. E.","contributorId":47034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gayes, P. T.","contributorId":108143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gayes","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morton, R.","contributorId":38242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Driscoll, N. W.","contributorId":41093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":79796,"text":"sir20065294 - 2007 - Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T06:33:08","indexId":"sir20065294","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5294","title":"Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003","docAbstract":"<p>The northern High Plains aquifer is the primary source of water used for domestic, industrial, and irrigation purposes in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Despite the aquifer’s importance to the regional economy, fundamental ground-water characteristics, such as vertical gradients in water chemistry and age, remain poorly defined. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program, water samples from nested, short-screen monitoring wells installed in the northern High Plains aquifer were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon, pesticides, stable and radioactive isotopes, dissolved gases, and other parameters to evaluate vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the aquifer. Chemical data and tritium and radiocarbon ages show that water in the aquifer was chemically and temporally stratified in the study area, with a relatively thin zone of recently recharged water (less than 50 years) near the water table overlying a thicker zone of older water (1,800 to 15,600 radiocarbon years). In areas where irrigated agriculture was an important land use, the recently recharged ground water was characterized by elevated concentrations of major ions and nitrate and the detection of pesticide compounds. Below the zone of agricultural influence, major-ion concentrations exhibited small increases with depth and distance along flow paths because of rock/water interactions. The concentration increases were accounted for primarily by dissolved calcium, sodium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and silica. In general, the chemistry of ground water throughout the aquifer was of high quality. None of the approximately 90 chemical constituents analyzed in each sample exceeded primary drinking-water standards.</p><p>Mass-balance models indicate that changes in groundwater chemistry along flow paths in the aquifer can be accounted for by small amounts of feldspar and calcite dissolution; goethite and clay-mineral precipitation; organic-carbon and pyrite oxidation; oxygen reduction and denitrification; and cation exchange. Mixing with surface water affected the chemistry of ground water in alluvial sediments of the Platte River Valley. Radiocarbon ages in the aquifer, adjusted for carbon mass transfers, ranged from 1,800 to 15,600 14C years before present. These results have important implications with respect to development of ground-water resources in the Sand Hills. Most of the water in the aquifer predates modern anthropogenic activity so excessive removal of water by pumping is not likely to be replenished by natural recharge in a meaningful timeframe. Vertical gradients in ground-water age were used to estimate long-term average recharge rates in the aquifer. In most areas, the recharge rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 foot per year. The recharge rate was 0.2 foot per year in one part of the aquifer characterized by large downward hydraulic gradients.</p><p>Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations at the water table were 0.13 to 3.13 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, and concentrations substantially decreased with depth in the aquifer. Dissolved-gas and nitrogen-isotope data indicate that denitrification in the aquifer removed 0 to 97 percent (average = 50 percent) of the nitrate originally present in recharge. The average amount of nitrate removed by denitrification in the aquifer north of the Platte River (Sand Hills) was substantially greater than the amount removed south of the river (66 as opposed to 0 percent), and the extent of nitrate removal appears to be related to the presence of thick deposits of sediment on top of the Ogallala Group in the Sand Hills that contained electron donors, such as organic carbon and pyrite, to support denitrification.</p><p>Apparent rates of dissolved-oxygen reduction and denitrification were estimated on the basis of decreases in dissolved-oxygen concentrations and increases in concentrations of excess nitrogen gas and ground-water ages along flow paths from the water table to deeper wells. Median rates of dissolved-oxygen reduction and denitrification south of the Platte River were at least 10 times smaller than the median rates north of the river in the Sand Hills. The relatively large denitrification rates in the Sand Hills indicate that the aquifer in that area may have a greater capacity to attenuate nitrate contamination than the aquifer south of the river, depending on rates of ground-water movement in the two areas. Small denitrification rates south of the river indicate that nitrate contamination in that part of the aquifer would likely persist for a longer period of time. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065294","isbn":"1411317734","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Böhlke, J., and Carney, C.P., 2007, Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5294, vii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065294.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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P.","contributorId":100084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carney","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79791,"text":"sir20075038 - 2007 - Assessment of Areal Recharge to the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20075038","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5038","title":"Assessment of Areal Recharge to the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho","docAbstract":"A numerical flow model of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer currently (2007) being developed requires the input of values for areally-distributed recharge, a parameter that is often the most uncertain component of water budgets and ground-water flow models because it is virtually impossible to measure over large areas. Data from six active weather stations in and near the study area were used in four recharge-calculation techniques or approaches; the Langbein method, in which recharge is estimated on the basis of empirical data from other basins; a method developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), in which crop consumptive use and effective precipitation are first calculated and then subtracted from actual precipitation to yield an estimate of recharge; an approach developed as part of the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Model (ESPAM) Enhancement Project in which recharge is calculated on the basis of precipitation-recharge relations from other basins; and an approach in which reference evapotranspiration is calculated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith equation, crop consumptive use is determined (using a single or dual coefficient approach), and recharge is calculated.\r\n\r\nAnnual recharge calculated by the Langbein method for the six weather stations was 4 percent of annual mean precipitation, yielding the lowest values of the methods discussed in this report, however, the Langbein method can be only applied to annual time periods. Mean monthly recharge calculated by the USDA method ranged from 53 to 73 percent of mean monthly precipitation. Mean annual recharge ranged from 64 to 69 percent of mean annual precipitation. Separate mean monthly recharge calculations were made with the ESPAM method using initial input parameters to represent thin-soil, thick-soil, and lava-rock conditions. The lava-rock parameters yielded the highest recharge values and the thick-soil parameters the lowest. For thin-soil parameters, calculated monthly recharge ranged from 10 to 29 percent of mean monthly precipitation and annual recharge ranged from 16 to 23 percent of mean annual precipitation. For thick-soil parameters, calculated monthly recharge ranged from 1 to 5 percent of mean monthly precipitation and mean annual recharge ranged from 2 to 4 percent of mean annual precipitation. For lava-rock parameters, calculated mean monthly recharge ranged from 37 to 57 percent of mean monthly precipitation and mean annual recharge ranged from 45 to 52 percent of mean annual precipitation.\r\n\r\nSingle-coefficient (crop coefficient) FAO Penman-Monteith mean monthly recharge values were calculated for Spokane Weather Service Office (WSO) Airport, the only station for which the necessary meteorological data were available. Grass-referenced values of mean monthly recharge ranged from 0 to 81 percent of mean monthly precipitation and mean annual recharge was 21 percent of mean annual precipitation; alfalfa-referenced values of mean monthly recharge ranged from 0 to 85 percent of mean monthly precipitation and mean annual recharge was 24 percent of mean annual precipitation. Single-coefficient FAO Penman-Monteith calculations yielded a mean monthly recharge of zero during the eight warmest and driest months of the year (March-October).\r\n\r\nIn order to refine the mean monthly recharge estimates, dual-coefficient (basal crop and soil evaporation coefficients) FAO Penman-Monteith dual-crop evapotranspiration and deep-percolation calculations were applied to daily values from the Spokane WSO Airport for January 1990 through December 2005. The resultant monthly totals display a temporal variability that is absent from the mean monthly values and demonstrate that the daily amount and timing of precipitation dramatically affect calculated recharge. The dual-coefficient FAO Penman-Monteith calculations were made for the remaining five stations using wind-speed values for Spokane WSO Airport and other assumptions regarding ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20075038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Bartolino, J.R., 2007, Assessment of Areal Recharge to the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5038, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075038.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9480,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartolino, James R. 0000-0002-2166-7803 jrbartol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-7803","contributorId":2548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartolino","given":"James","email":"jrbartol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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