{"pageNumber":"939","pageRowStart":"23450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46895,"records":[{"id":70028622,"text":"70028622 - 2006 - Evaluating a small footprint, waveform-resolving lidar over coastal vegetation communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T14:23:17.747153","indexId":"70028622","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating a small footprint, waveform-resolving lidar over coastal vegetation communities","docAbstract":"<p>NASA’s Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532 nm) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor records the time history of the return waveform within a small footprint (20 cm diameter) for each laser pulse, enabling characterization of vegetation canopy structure and “bare earth” topography under a variety of vegetation types. A collection of individual waveforms combined within a synthesized large footprint was used to define three metrics: canopy height (CH), canopy reflection ratio (CRR), and height of median energy (HOME). Bare Earth Elevation (BEE) metric was derived using the individual small-footprint waveforms. All four metrics were tested for reproducibility, which resulted in an average of 95 percent correspondence within two standard deviations of the mean. CH and BEE values were also tested for accuracy using ground-truth data. The results presented in this paper show that combining several individual small-footprint laser pulses to define a composite “large-footprint” waveform is a possible method to depict the vertical structure of a vegetation canopy<span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.12.1407","usgsCitation":"Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J., Wright, C., and O’Connell, M.J., 2006, Evaluating a small footprint, waveform-resolving lidar over coastal vegetation communities: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 12, p. 1407-1417, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.12.1407.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1407","endPage":"1417","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.12.1407","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bd9e4b0c8380cd528e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":178023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C. Wayne","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Connell, M. J.","contributorId":18561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028619,"text":"70028619 - 2006 - Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T18:19:23","indexId":"70028619","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2850,"text":"Near Surface Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone","docAbstract":"<p><span>Borehole radar tomography was used as part of a pilot study to monitor steam‐enhanced remediation of a fractured limestone contaminated with volatile organic compounds at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine, USA. Radar tomography data were collected using 100‐MHz electric‐dipole antennae before and during steam injection to evaluate whether cross‐hole radar methods could detect changes in medium properties resulting from the steam injection. Cross‐hole levelrun profiles, in which transmitting and receiving antennae are positioned at a common depth, were made before and after the collection of each full tomography data set to check the stability of the radar instruments. Before tomographic inversion, the levelrun profiles were used to calibrate the radar tomography data to compensate for changes in traveltime and antenna power caused by instrument drift. Observed changes in cross‐hole radar traveltime and attenuation before and during steam injection were small. Slowness‐ and attenuation‐difference tomograms indicate small increases in radar slowness and attenuation at depths greater than about 22 m below the surface, consistent with increases in water temperature observed in the boreholes used for the tomography. Based on theoretical modelling results, increases in slowness and attenuation are interpreted as delineating zones where steam injection heating increased the electrical conductivity of the limestone matrix and fluid. The results of this study show the potential of cross‐hole radar tomography methods to monitor the effects of steam‐induced heating in fractured rock environments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2006009","issn":"15694445","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., and Joesten, P., 2006, Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone: Near Surface Geophysics, v. 4, no. 6, p. 355-365, https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2006009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"365","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Former Loring Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.93413162231445,\n              46.94563336418989\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.89379119873047,\n              46.94563336418989\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.89379119873047,\n              46.97673875853991\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.93413162231445,\n              46.97673875853991\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.93413162231445,\n              46.94563336418989\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbec7e4b08c986b3297aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregoire, C.","contributorId":37142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028618,"text":"70028618 - 2006 - Possible effects of the 2004 and 2005 hurricanes on manatee survival rates and movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-10T13:22:04","indexId":"70028618","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible effects of the 2004 and 2005 hurricanes on manatee survival rates and movement","docAbstract":"<p>Prior research on manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) survival in northwest Florida, based on mark-resighting photo-identification data from 1982-1998, showed that annual adult apparent survival rate was significantly lower during years with extreme storms. Mechanisms that we proposed could have led to lower estimates included stranding, injury from debris, being fatally swept out to sea, or displacement into poorly monitored areas due to storm-generated longshore currents or storm-related loss of habitat. In 2004 and 2005, seven major hurricanes impacted areas of Florida encompassing three regional manatee subpopulations, enabling us to further examine some of these mechanisms. Data from a group of manatees tracked in southwest Florida with satellite transmitters during Hurricanes Charley, Katrina, and Wilma showed that these animals made no significant movement before and during storm passage. Mark-resighting data are being collected to determine if survival rates were lower with the 2004 and 2005 storms. ?? 2006 Estuarine Research Federation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF02798665","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C., Krohn, M.D., Reid, J., Stith, B., and Beck, C., 2006, Possible effects of the 2004 and 2005 hurricanes on manatee survival rates and movement: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1026-1032, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02798665.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1026","endPage":"1032","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e1be4b0c8380cd7a346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, C.A. 0000-0001-8499-5743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":71133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langtimm","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohn, M. D.","contributorId":51250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stith, B.M.","contributorId":53741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, C.A. 0000-0002-5388-5418","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":78674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028616,"text":"70028616 - 2006 - Late Cretaceous base level lowering in Campanian and Maastrichtian depositional sequences, Kure Beach, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028616","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous base level lowering in Campanian and Maastrichtian depositional sequences, Kure Beach, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Campanian through Maastrichtian mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediments in a 422 m continuous core drilled at Kure Beach, NC provide a record of sea-level change. Based on lithology and stratigraphy, depositional sequences are defined, and calcareous nannofossil zones and 87Sr/86Sr ratios and corresponding ages using the LOWESS Table determined. Campanian and Maastrichtian sediments comprise six depositional sequences. The oldest is Tar Heel 1 and contains calcareous nannofossils that indicate assignment to the upper part of Zones CC18a, CC18c and the lower part of CC19. 87Sr/86 Sr ratios indicate ages from 83.2 to 80.0 Ma or lower Campanian. Tar Heel II contains calcareous nannofossils that indicate assignment to the upper part of Zone CC 19 and CC20. 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate ages from 78.0 to 76.3 Ma or middle Campanian. Donoho Creek I and II are thin and contain calcareous nannofossils referable to upper Zone CC21 and Zone CC22, and to CC23, respectively. The top of Donoho Creek II marks the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary. Donoho Creek I 87Sr/86Sr ratios cluster into two groups, and provide ages from 78.0 to 76.2 Ma and 73.7 to 72.3 Ma, respectively. 87Sr/86Sr ratios in Donoho Creek II indicate ages from 71.4 to 69.6 Ma. Two Maastrichtian sequences are present; the lowermost Peedee I contains calcareous nannofossils that place it in Zones CC25a and CC25b. 87Sr/86Sr r ratios indicate an age from 69.3 to 66.9 Ma or late Maastrichtian. Peedee II is assigned to calcareous nannofossil Zone CC26a. 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate ages from 66.4 to 65.2 Ma or late Maastrichtian. The four Campanian sequences correlate to three depositional sequences in New Jersey; the sequence boundary between upper Campanian Donoho Creek I and Donoho Creek II is not recognized in New Jersey. This boundary is interpreted to result from Gulf Stream impingement and subsequent erosion on the outer shelf. The two Maastrichtian sequences recognized in the Kure Beach core correlate to the two identified Maastrichtian sequences in New Jersey. These data support base-level lowering of sea-level during the Campanian-Maastrichtian, and suggest that the western margin of the North Atlantic may contain one of the best Late Cretaceous records of sea-level change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stratigraphy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Harris, W., and Self-Trail J.M., 2006, Late Cretaceous base level lowering in Campanian and Maastrichtian depositional sequences, Kure Beach, North Carolina: Stratigraphy, v. 3, no. 3, p. 195-216.","startPage":"195","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d4e4b0c8380cd66e07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, W.B.","contributorId":6635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Self-Trail J.M.","contributorId":128180,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Self-Trail J.M.","id":535156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028615,"text":"70028615 - 2006 - Linking middle-school teachers to Earthscope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-11T16:13:14","indexId":"70028615","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking middle-school teachers to Earthscope","docAbstract":"<p>EarthScope is a multidisciplinary geophysical investigation of the structure and deformation of the North American continent. Components include a transportable array of digital seismometers (USArray) that will image the continental crust and underlying mantle, and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and strainmeters (Plate Boundary Observatory, PBO) that will measure tectonic and volcanic deformations</p><p>Translating geophysics for kindergarten through 12th grade (K‐12) teachers and their students involves inviting them to explore new understandings of how Earth works. When they construct their understanding of Earth science through geophysical problem solving, these learners can engage in Earth‐Scope, which offers unprecedented public access to data from seismology and geodesy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2006EO260003","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Butler, R., Bishop, E., Ault, C., Atwater, B., Magura, B., Hedeen, C., Blakely, R., Wells, R., Shay, K., Wagner, R., Southworth-Neumeyer, T., and Connor, D., 2006, Linking middle-school teachers to Earthscope: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 87, no. 26, p. 257-259, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006EO260003.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47d8e4b0c8380cd67a0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, R.","contributorId":13802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bishop, E.","contributorId":7898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ault, C. Jr.","contributorId":92035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atwater, B.","contributorId":10212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Magura, B.","contributorId":102259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magura","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedeen, C.","contributorId":47563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedeen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blakely, R.","contributorId":65569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shay, K.","contributorId":45103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shay","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wagner, R.","contributorId":88859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Southworth-Neumeyer, T.","contributorId":31966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth-Neumeyer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Connor, D.","contributorId":70982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70028610,"text":"70028610 - 2006 - Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028610","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada","docAbstract":"The Yucca Mountain Performance Confirmation program consists of tests, monitoring activities, experiments, and analyses to evaluate the adequacy of assumptions, data, and analyses that form the basis of the conceptual and numerical models of flow and transport associated with a proposed radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The Performance Confirmation program uses an eight-stage risk-informed, performance-based approach. Selection of the Performance Confirmation activities for inclusion in the Performance Confirmation program was done using a risk-informed performance-based decision analysis. The result of this analysis was a Performance Confirmation base portfolio that consists of 20 activities. The 20 Performance Confirmation activities include geologic, hydrologie, and construction/engineering testing. Some of the activities began during site characterization, and others will begin during construction, or post emplacement, and continue until repository closure.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"LeCain, G., Barr, D., Weaver, D., Snell, R., Goodin, S., and Hansen, F., 2006, Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 1058-1065.","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1065","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ce4b0c8380cd4f773","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeCain, G.D.","contributorId":22810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, D.","contributorId":100177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, D.","contributorId":71750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snell, R.","contributorId":106690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goodin, S.W.","contributorId":100597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodin","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, F.D.","contributorId":6241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028607,"text":"70028607 - 2006 - Cross-calibration of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-5 TM with the ResourceSat-1 (IRS-P6) AWiFS and LISS-III sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-17T15:03:45.047276","indexId":"70028607","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cross-calibration of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-5 TM with the ResourceSat-1 (IRS-P6) AWiFS and LISS-III sensors","docAbstract":"Increasingly, data from multiple sensors are used to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. The Landsat suite of satellites has collected the longest continuous archive of multispectral data. The ResourceSat-1 Satellite (also called as IRS-P6) was launched into the polar sunsynchronous orbit on Oct 17, 2003. It carries three remote sensing sensors: the High Resolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS-IV), Medium Resolution Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS-III), and the Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS). These three sensors are used together to provide images with different resolution and coverage. To understand the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy of IRS-P6 AWiFS and LISS-III sensors, image pairs from these sensors were compared to the Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ sensors. The approach involved the calibration of nearly simultaneous surface observations based on image statistics from areas observed simultaneously by the two sensors.","conferenceTitle":"GEOSS and Next-Generation Sensors and Missions","conferenceDate":"November 13-14, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Goa, India","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.693742","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., and Scaramuzza, P., 2006, Cross-calibration of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-5 TM with the ResourceSat-1 (IRS-P6) AWiFS and LISS-III sensors, GEOSS and Next-Generation Sensors and Missions, v. 6407, Goa, India, November 13-14, 2006, 64070E, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.693742.","productDescription":"64070E, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6407","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc1e4b0c8380cd4e3fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":418806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scaramuzza, Pat 0000-0002-2616-8456 pscar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-8456","contributorId":3970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaramuzza","given":"Pat","email":"pscar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028599,"text":"70028599 - 2006 - Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028599","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks","docAbstract":"Spatial relationships among stocks of breeding waterfowl can be an important component of harvest management. Prediction and optimal harvest management under adaptive harvest management (AHM) requires information on the spatial relationships among breeding populations (fidelity and inter-year exchange), as well as rates of movements from breeding to harvest regions. We used band-recovery data to develop a model to estimate probabilities of movement for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) among 3 Canadian breeding strata and 6 harvest regions (3 in Canada, and 3 in the United States) over the period 1965-1998. Model selection criteria suggested that models containing area-, year-, and age-specific recovery rates with area- and sex-specific movement rates were the best for modeling movement. Movement by males to southern harvest areas was variable depending on the originating area. Males from the western breeding area predominantly moved to the Mississippi Flyway or southern Atlantic Flyway (??ij = 0.353, SE = 0.0187 and ??ij = 0.473, SE = 0.037, respectively), whereas males that originated in the eastern and central breeding strata moved to the northern Atlantic flyway (??ij = 0.842, SE = 0.010 and ??ij = 0.578, SE = 0.0222, respectively). We used combined recoveries and recaptures in Program MARK to estimate fidelity to the 3 Canadian breeding strata. Information criteria identified a model containing sex- and age-specific fidelity for black ducks. Estimates of fidelity were 0.9695 (SE = 0.0249) and 0.9554 (SE = 0.0434) for adult males and females, respectively. Estimates of fidelity for juveniles were slightly lower at 0.9210 (SE = 0.0931) and 0.8870 (SE = 0.0475) for males and females, respectively. These models have application to the development of spatially stratified black duck harvest management models for use in AHM.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Zimpfer, N., and Conroy, M., 2006, Modeling movement and fidelity of American black ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1770-1777, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1770","endPage":"1777","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209761,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1770:MMAFOA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c0ce4b0c8380cd6f9c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimpfer, N.L.","contributorId":74560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimpfer","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028585,"text":"70028585 - 2006 - Isotope sourcing of prehistoric willow and tule textiles recovered from western Great Basin rock shelters and caves - proof of concept","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:02:32","indexId":"70028585","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope sourcing of prehistoric willow and tule textiles recovered from western Great Basin rock shelters and caves - proof of concept","docAbstract":"Isotope and trace-metal analyses were used to determine the origin of plants used to manufacture prehistoric textiles (basketry and matting) from archaeological sites in the western Great Basin. Research focused on strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (18O/16O) isotope ratios of willow (Salix sp.) and tule (Schoenoplectus sp.), the dominant raw materials in Great Basin textiles. The oxygen-isotope data indicated that the willow and tule used to produce the textiles were harvested from the banks of rivers or in marshes characterized by flowing water and not from lakes or sinks. The strontium-isotope data were useful in showing which plants came from the Humboldt River and which came from rivers headed in the Sierra Nevada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2006.02.012","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Hattori, E., Taylor, H.E., Poulson, S., and Jolie, E., 2006, Isotope sourcing of prehistoric willow and tule textiles recovered from western Great Basin rock shelters and caves - proof of concept: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 33, no. 11, p. 1588-1599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.02.012.","startPage":"1588","endPage":"1599","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.02.012"}],"volume":"33","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f8be4b0c8380cd645ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hattori, E.M.","contributorId":48371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattori","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulson, S.R.","contributorId":98859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jolie, E.A.","contributorId":65649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolie","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028584,"text":"70028584 - 2006 - Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028584","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley","docAbstract":"Predicting potential habitat across a landscape for rare species is extremely challenging. However, partitioned Mahalanobis D2 methods avoid pitfalls commonly encountered when surveying rare species by using data collected only at known species locations. Minimum habitat requirements are then determined by examining a principal components analysis to find consistent habitat characteristics across known locations. We used partitioned D 2 methods to examine minimum habitat requirements of Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in the Champlain Valley of Vermont and New York, USA, across 7 spatial scales and map potential habitat for the species throughout the same area. We radiotracked 24 female Indiana bats to their roost trees and across their nighttime foraging areas to collect habitat characteristics at 7 spatial scales: 1) roost trees, 2) 0.1-ha circular plots surrounding the roost trees, 3) home ranges, and 4-7) 0.5-km, 1-km, 2-km, and 3-km buffers surrounding the roost tree. Roost trees (n = 50) typically were tall, dead, large-diameter trees with exfoliating bark, located at low elevations and close to water. Trees surrounding roosts typically were smaller in diameter and shorter in height, but they had greater soundness than the roost trees. We documented 14 home ranges in areas of diverse, patchy land cover types that were close to water with east-facing aspects. Across all landscape extents, area of forest within roost-tree buffers and the aspect across those buffers were the most consistent features. Predictive maps indicated that suitable habitat ranged from 4.7-8.1% of the area examined within the Champlain Valley. These habitat models further understanding of Indiana bat summer habitat by indicating minimum habitat characteristics at multiple scales and can be used to aid management decisions by highlighting potential habitat. Nonetheless, information on juvenile production and recruitment is lacking; therefore, assessments of Indiana bat habitat quality in the region are still incomplete.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1228:PMHCFT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Watrous, K., Donovan, T., Mickey, R., Darling, S., Hicks, A., and Von Oettingen, S.L., 2006, Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 5, p. 1228-1237, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1228:PMHCFT]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1228","endPage":"1237","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1228:PMHCFT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81bde4b0c8380cd7b6d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watrous, K.S.","contributorId":46291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watrous","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickey, R.M.","contributorId":65654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Darling, S.R.","contributorId":25344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hicks, A.C.","contributorId":35109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Von Oettingen, S. L.","contributorId":60836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Oettingen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028580,"text":"70028580 - 2006 - Spectroscopic mapping of the white horse alunite deposit, Marysvale volcanic field, Utah: Evidence of a magmatic component","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028580","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopic mapping of the white horse alunite deposit, Marysvale volcanic field, Utah: Evidence of a magmatic component","docAbstract":"Previous studies have demonstrated that the replacement alunite deposits just north of the town of Marysvale, Utah, USA, were formed primarily by low-temperature (100??-170?? C), steam-heated processes near the early Miocene paleoground surface, immediately above convecting hydrothermal plumes. Pyrite-bearing propylitically altered rocks occur mainly beneath the steam-heated alunite and represent the sulfidized feeder zone of the H2S-dominated hydrothermal fluids, the oxidation of which at higher levels led to the formation of the alunite. Maps of surface mineralogy at the White Horse deposit generated from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data were used in conjunction with X-ray diffraction studies of field samples to test the accuracy and precision of AVIRIS-based mineral mapping of altered rocks and demonstrate the utility of spectroscopic mapping for ore deposit characterization. The mineral maps identified multiple core zones of alunite that grade laterally outward to kaolinite. Surrounding the core zones are dominantly propylitically altered rocks containing illite, montmorillonite, and chlorite, with minor pyrite, kaolinite, gypsum, and remnant potassium feldspar from the parent rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff. The AVIRIS mapping also identified fracture zones expressed by ridge-forming selvages of quartz + dickite + kaolinite that form a crude ring around the advanced argillic core zones. Laboratory analyses identified the aluminum phosphate-sulfate (APS) minerals woodhouseite and svanbergite in one sample from these dickite-bearing argillic selvages. Reflectance spectroscopy determined that the outer edges of the selvages contain more dickite than do the medial regions. The quartz + dickite ?? kaolinite ?? APS-mineral selvages demonstrate that fracture control of replacement processes is more prevalent away from the advanced argillic core zones. Although not exposed at the White Horse deposit, pyrophyllite ?? ordered illite was identified using AVIRIS in localized, superimposed conduits within propylitically altered rocks in nearby alteration systems of similar age and genesis that have been eroded to deeper levels. The fracture zones bearing pyrophyllite, illite, dickite, natroalunite, and/or APS minerals indicate a magmatic component in the dominantly steam-heated system. ?? 2006 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.101.7.1377","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, B., Cunningham, C.G., Breit, G.N., and Rye, R.O., 2006, Spectroscopic mapping of the white horse alunite deposit, Marysvale volcanic field, Utah: Evidence of a magmatic component: Economic Geology, v. 101, no. 7, p. 1377-1395, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.7.1377.","startPage":"1377","endPage":"1395","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.7.1377"},{"id":236743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95b2e4b08c986b31b078","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, B.W.","contributorId":73396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, C. G.","contributorId":76741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028576,"text":"70028576 - 2006 - Eruptive history and geochronology of Mount Mazama and the Crater Lake region, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:21:29","indexId":"70028576","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruptive history and geochronology of Mount Mazama and the Crater Lake region, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Geologic mapping, K-Ar, and </span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>40</sup></span><span class=\"s1\">Ar/</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>39</sup></span><span class=\"s1\">Ar age determinations, supplemented by paleomagnetic measurements and geochemical data, are used to quantify the Quaternary volcanic history of the Crater Lake region in order to define processes and conditions that led to voluminous explosive eruptions. The Cascade arc volcano known as Mount Mazama collapsed during its climactic eruption of &sim;50 km</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>3</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> of mainly rhyodacitic magma &sim;7700 yr ago to form Crater Lake caldera. The Mazama edifice was constructed on a Pleistocene silicic lava field, amidst monogenetic and shield volcanoes ranging from basalt to andesite similar to parental magmas for Mount Mazama. Between 420 ka and 35 ka, Mazama produced medium-K andesite and dacite in 2:1 proportion. The edifice was built in many episodes; some of the more voluminous occurred approximately coeval with volcanic pulses in the surrounding region, and some were possibly related to deglaciation following marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 12, 10, 8, 6, 5.2, and 2. Magmas as evolved as dacite erupted many times, commonly associated with or following voluminous andesite effusion. Establishment of the climactic magma chamber was under way when the first preclimactic rhyodacites vented ca. 27 ka. The silicic melt volume then grew incrementally at an average rate of 2.5 km</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>3</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> k.y.</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>&minus;1</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> for nearly 20 k.y. The climactic eruption exhausted the rhyodacitic magma and brought up crystal-rich andesitic magma, mafic cumulate mush, and wall-rock granodiorite. Postcaldera volcanism produced 4 km</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>3</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> of andesite during the first 200&ndash;500 yr after collapse, followed at ca. 4800 yr B.P. by 0.07 km</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>3</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> of rhyodacite. The average eruption rate for all Mazama products was &sim;0.4 km</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>3</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> k.y.</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>&minus;1</sup></span><span class=\"s1\">, but major edifice construction episodes had rates of &sim;0.8 km</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>3</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> k.y.</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>&minus;1</sup></span><span class=\"s1\">. The long-term eruption rate for regional monogenetic and shield volcanoes was d&sim;0.07 km</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>3</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> k.y.</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>&minus;1</sup></span><span class=\"s1\">, but only &sim;0.02 km</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>3</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> k.y.</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>&minus;1</sup></span><span class=\"s1\"> when the two major shields are excluded. Plutonic xenoliths and evidence for crystallization differentiation imply that the amount of magma intruded beneath Mount Mazama is several times that which has been erupted. The eruptive and intrusive history reflects competition between (1) crystallization driven by degassing and hydrothermal cooling and (2) thermal input from a regional magma flux focused at Mazama. Before ca. 30 ka, relatively small volumes of nonerupted derivative magma crystallized to form a composite pluton because the upper crust had not been heated sufficiently to sustain voluminous convecting crystal-poor melt. Subsequently, and perhaps not coincidentally, during MIS 2, a large volume of eruptible silicic magma accumulated in the climactic chamber, probably because of heating associated with mantle input to the roots of the system as suggested by eruption of unusually primitive magnesian basaltic andesite and tholeiite west of Mazama.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25906.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., and Lanphere, M.A., 2006, Eruptive history and geochronology of Mount Mazama and the Crater Lake region, Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, no. 11-12, p. 1331-1359, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25906.1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1359","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              43.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a55e4b0c8380cd522ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":418688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028568,"text":"70028568 - 2006 - Predicting tree species presence and basal area in Utah: A comparison of stochastic gradient boosting, generalized additive models, and tree-based methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028568","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting tree species presence and basal area in Utah: A comparison of stochastic gradient boosting, generalized additive models, and tree-based methods","docAbstract":"Many efforts are underway to produce broad-scale forest attribute maps by modelling forest class and structure variables collected in forest inventories as functions of satellite-based and biophysical information. Typically, variants of classification and regression trees implemented in Rulequest's?? See5 and Cubist (for binary and continuous responses, respectively) are the tools of choice in many of these applications. These tools are widely used in large remote sensing applications, but are not easily interpretable, do not have ties with survey estimation methods, and use proprietary unpublished algorithms. Consequently, three alternative modelling techniques were compared for mapping presence and basal area of 13 species located in the mountain ranges of Utah, USA. The modelling techniques compared included the widely used See5/Cubist, generalized additive models (GAMs), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB). Model performance was evaluated using independent test data sets. Evaluation criteria for mapping species presence included specificity, sensitivity, Kappa, and area under the curve (AUC). Evaluation criteria for the continuous basal area variables included correlation and relative mean squared error. For predicting species presence (setting thresholds to maximize Kappa), SGB had higher values for the majority of the species for specificity and Kappa, while GAMs had higher values for the majority of the species for sensitivity. In evaluating resultant AUC values, GAM and/or SGB models had significantly better results than the See5 models where significant differences could be detected between models. For nine out of 13 species, basal area prediction results for all modelling techniques were poor (correlations less than 0.5 and relative mean squared errors greater than 0.8), but SGB provided the most stable predictions in these instances. SGB and Cubist performed equally well for modelling basal area for three species with moderate prediction success, while all three modelling tools produced comparably good predictions (correlation of 0.68 and relative mean squared error of 0.56) for one species. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.021","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Moisen, G.G., Freeman, E., Blackard, J., Frescino, T., Zimmermann, N., and Edwards, T., 2006, Predicting tree species presence and basal area in Utah: A comparison of stochastic gradient boosting, generalized additive models, and tree-based methods: Ecological Modelling, v. 199, no. 2, p. 176-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.021.","startPage":"176","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209810,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.021"},{"id":236533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81dde4b0c8380cd7b798","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moisen, Gretchen G.","contributorId":15781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moisen","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, E.A.","contributorId":80885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackard, J.A.","contributorId":103060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackard","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frescino, T.S.","contributorId":94485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frescino","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmermann, N.E.","contributorId":24547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028566,"text":"70028566 - 2006 - Continuous borehole strain and pore pressure in the near field of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake: Implications for nucleation, fault response, earthquake prediction and tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T15:57:49.587613","indexId":"70028566","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous borehole strain and pore pressure in the near field of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake: Implications for nucleation, fault response, earthquake prediction and tremor","docAbstract":"<p>Near-field observations of high-precision borehole strain and pore pressure, show no indication of coherent accelerating strain or pore pressure during the weeks to seconds before the 28 September 2004<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>M</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>6.0 Parkfield earthquake. Minor changes in strain rate did occur at a few sites during the last 24 hr before the earthquake but these changes are neither significant nor have the form expected for strain during slip coalescence initiating fault failure. Seconds before the event, strain is stable at the 10<sup>−11</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>level. Final prerupture nucleation slip in the hypocentral region is constrained to have a moment less than 2 × 10<sup>12</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>N m (<strong>M</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>2.2) and a source size less than 30 m. Ground displacement data indicate similar constraints. Localized rupture nucleation and runaway precludes useful prediction of damaging earthquakes. Coseismic dynamic strains of about 10 microstrain peak-to-peak were superimposed on volumetric strain offsets of about 0.5 microstrain to the northwest of the epicenter and about 0.2 microstrain to the southeast of the epicenter, consistent with right lateral slip. Observed strain and Global Positioning System (<span class=\"small-caps\">gps</span>) offsets can be simply fit with 20 cm of slip between 4 and 10 km on a 20-km segment of the fault north of Gold Hill (<i>M</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 7 × 10<sup>17</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>N m). Variable slip inversion models using<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">gps</span><span>&nbsp;</span>data and seismic data indicate similar moments. Observed postseismic strain is 60% to 300% of the coseismic strain, indicating incomplete release of accumulated strain. No measurable change in fault zone compliance preceding or following the earthquake is indicated by stable earth tidal response. No indications of strain change accompany nonvolcanic tremor events reported prior to and following the earthquake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120050822","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Borcherdt, R., Linde, A.T., and Gladwin, M.T., 2006, Continuous borehole strain and pore pressure in the near field of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake: Implications for nucleation, fault response, earthquake prediction and tremor: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4B, p. S56-S72, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050822.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"S56","endPage":"S72","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.73905944824217,\n              35.69187929931617\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.16227722167967,\n              35.69187929931617\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.16227722167967,\n              36.05964632692448\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.73905944824217,\n              36.05964632692448\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.73905944824217,\n              35.69187929931617\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"4B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa5ae4b0c8380cd4da74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linde, A. T.","contributorId":21700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gladwin, M. T.","contributorId":30373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028562,"text":"70028562 - 2006 - Effects of sample survey design on the accuracy of classification tree models in species distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028562","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sample survey design on the accuracy of classification tree models in species distribution models","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effects of probabilistic (hereafter DESIGN) and non-probabilistic (PURPOSIVE) sample surveys on resultant classification tree models for predicting the presence of four lichen species in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Models derived from both survey forms were assessed using an independent data set (EVALUATION). Measures of accuracy as gauged by resubstitution rates were similar for each lichen species irrespective of the underlying sample survey form. Cross-validation estimates of prediction accuracies were lower than resubstitution accuracies for all species and both design types, and in all cases were closer to the true prediction accuracies based on the EVALUATION data set. We argue that greater emphasis should be placed on calculating and reporting cross-validation accuracy rates rather than simple resubstitution accuracy rates. Evaluation of the DESIGN and PURPOSIVE tree models on the EVALUATION data set shows significantly lower prediction accuracy for the PURPOSIVE tree models relative to the DESIGN models, indicating that non-probabilistic sample surveys may generate models with limited predictive capability. These differences were consistent across all four lichen species, with 11 of the 12 possible species and sample survey type comparisons having significantly lower accuracy rates. Some differences in accuracy were as large as 50%. The classification tree structures also differed considerably both among and within the modelled species, depending on the sample survey form. Overlap in the predictor variables selected by the DESIGN and PURPOSIVE tree models ranged from only 20% to 38%, indicating the classification trees fit the two evaluated survey forms on different sets of predictor variables. The magnitude of these differences in predictor variables throws doubt on ecological interpretation derived from prediction models based on non-probabilistic sample surveys. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.016","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T., Cutler, D., Zimmermann, N., Geiser, L., and Moisen, G.G., 2006, Effects of sample survey design on the accuracy of classification tree models in species distribution models: Ecological Modelling, v. 199, no. 2, p. 132-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.016.","startPage":"132","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.016"},{"id":236462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07bde4b0c8380cd517e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cutler, D.R.","contributorId":89684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmermann, N.E.","contributorId":24547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geiser, L.","contributorId":23498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiser","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moisen, Gretchen G.","contributorId":15781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moisen","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028561,"text":"70028561 - 2006 - Coseismic and initial postseismic deformation from the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake, observed by global positioning system, electronic distance meter, creepmeters, and borehole strainmeters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028561","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic and initial postseismic deformation from the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake, observed by global positioning system, electronic distance meter, creepmeters, and borehole strainmeters","docAbstract":"Global Positioning System (GPS), electronic distance meter, creepmeter, and strainmeter measurements spanning the M 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake are examined. Using these data from 100 sec through 9 months following the main-shock, the Omori's law, with rate inversely related to time, l/t p and p ranging between 0.7 and 1.3, characterizes the time-dependent deformation during the post-seismic period; these results are consistent with creep models for elastic solids. With an accurate function of postseismic response, the coseismic displacements can be estimated from the high-rate, 1-min sampling GPS; and the coseismic displacements are approximately 75% of those estimated from the daily solutions. Consequently, fault-slip models using daily solutions overestimate coseismic slip. In addition, at 2 months and at 8 months following the mainshock, postseismic displacements are modeled as slip on the San Andreas fault with a lower bound on the moment exceeding that of the coseismic moment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050823","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J., Murray, J., and Snyder, H.A., 2006, Coseismic and initial postseismic deformation from the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake, observed by global positioning system, electronic distance meter, creepmeters, and borehole strainmeters: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050823.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050823"},{"id":236428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5ae4b0c8380cd4e237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, J.R.","contributorId":39179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Hollice A.","contributorId":59530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Hollice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028560,"text":"70028560 - 2006 - Health benefits of geologic materials and geologic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-15T14:11:52.273309","indexId":"70028560","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2041,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health benefits of geologic materials and geologic processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The reemerging field of Medical Geology is concerned with the impacts of geologic materials and geologic processes on animal and human health. Most medical geology research has been focused on health problems caused by excess or deficiency of trace elements, exposure to ambient dust, and on other geologically related health problems or health problems for which geoscience tools, techniques, or databases could be applied. Little, if any, attention has been focused on the beneficial health effects of rocks, minerals, and geologic processes. These beneficial effects may have been recognized as long as two million years ago and include emotional, mental, and physical health benefits. Some of the earliest known medicines were derived from rocks and minerals. For thousands of years various clays have been used as an antidote for poisons. “Terra sigillata,” still in use today, may have been the first patented medicine. Many trace elements, rocks, and minerals are used today in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals and health care products. There is also a segment of society that believes in the curative and preventative properties of crystals (talismans and amulets). Metals and trace elements are being used in some of today’s most sophisticated medical applications. Other recent examples of beneficial effects of geologic materials and processes include epidemiological studies in Japan that have identified a wide range of health problems (such as muscle and joint pain, hemorrhoids, burns, gout, etc.) that may be treated by one or more of nine chemically distinct types of hot springs, and a study in China indicating that residential coal combustion may be mobilizing sufficient iodine to prevent iodine deficiency disease.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ijerph2006030042","issn":"16604601","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., 2006, Health benefits of geologic materials and geologic processes: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 3, no. 4, p. 338-342, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030042.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030042","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fd7e4b0c8380cd5d129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028558,"text":"70028558 - 2006 - Glacial modification of granite tors in the Cairngorms, Scotland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028558","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial modification of granite tors in the Cairngorms, Scotland","docAbstract":"A range of evidence indicates that many granite tors in the Cairngorms have been modified by the flow of glacier ice during the Pleistocene. Comparisons with SW England and the use of a space-time transformation across 38 tor groups in the Cairngorms allow a model to be developed for progressive glacial modification. Tors with deeply etched surfaces and no, or limited, block removal imply an absence of significant glacial modification. The removal of superstructure and blocks, locally forming boulder trains, and the progressive reduction of tors to stumps and basal slabs represent the more advanced stages of modification. Recognition of some slabs as tor stumps from which glacial erosion has removed all superstructure allows the original distribution of tors to be reconstructed for large areas of the Cairngorms. Unmodified tors require covers of non-erosive, cold-based ice during all of the cold stages of the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Deformation beneath cold-based glacier ice is capable of the removal of blocks but advanced glacial modification requires former wet-based glacier ice. The depth of glacial erosion at former tor sites remains limited largely to the partial or total elimination of the upstanding tor form. Cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages (Phillips et al., 2006) together with data from weathering pit depths (Hall and Phillips, 2006), from the surfaces of tors and large erratic blocks require that the glacial entrainment of blocks from tors occurred in Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4-2, 6 and, probably, at least one earlier phase. The occurrence of glacially modified tors on or close to, the main summits of the Cairngorms requires full ice cover over the mountains during these Stages. Evidence from the Cairngorms indicates that tor morphology can be regarded as an important indicator of former ice cover in many formerly glaciated areas, particularly where other evidence of ice cover is sparse. Recognition of the glacial modification of tors is important for debates about the former existence of nunataks and refugia. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Quaternary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jqs.1003","issn":"02678179","usgsCitation":"Hall, A., and Phillips, W., 2006, Glacial modification of granite tors in the Cairngorms, Scotland: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 21, no. 8, p. 811-830, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1003.","startPage":"811","endPage":"830","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209688,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1003"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2909e4b0c8380cd5a61c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, A.M.","contributorId":40400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, W.M.","contributorId":49332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028551,"text":"70028551 - 2006 - Influence of potentially confounding factors on sea urchin porewater toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028551","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of potentially confounding factors on sea urchin porewater toxicity tests","docAbstract":"The influence of potentially confounding factors has been identified as a concern for interpreting sea urchin porewater toxicity test data. The results from >40 sediment-quality assessment surveys using early-life stages of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata were compiled and examined to determine acceptable ranges of natural variables such as pH, ammonia, and dissolved organic carbon on the fertilization and embryological development endpoints. In addition, laboratory experiments were also conducted with A. punctulata and compared with information from the literature. Pore water with pH as low as 6.9 is an unlikely contributor to toxicity for the fertilization and embryological development tests with A. punctulata. Other species of sea urchin have narrower pH tolerance ranges. Ammonia is rarely a contributing factor in pore water toxicity tests using the fertilization endpoint, but the embryological development endpoint may be influenced by ammonia concentrations commonly found in porewater samples. Therefore, ammonia needs to be considered when interpreting results for the embryological development test. Humic acid does not affect sea urchin fertilization at saturation concentrations, but it could have an effect on the embryological development endpoint at near-saturation concentrations. There was no correlation between sediment total organic carbon concentrations and porewater dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Because of the potential for many varying substances to activate parthenogenesis in sea urchin eggs, it is recommended that a no-sperm control be included with every fertilization test treatment. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-006-0009-3","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Carr, R., Biedenbach, J., and Nipper, M., 2006, Influence of potentially confounding factors on sea urchin porewater toxicity tests: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 573-579, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0009-3.","startPage":"573","endPage":"579","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0009-3"},{"id":236773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b67e4b0c8380cd624e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, R.S.","contributorId":31353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biedenbach, J.M.","contributorId":108262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nipper, M.","contributorId":7047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nipper","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028541,"text":"70028541 - 2006 - Geodetic antenna calibration test in the Antarctic environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028541","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geodetic antenna calibration test in the Antarctic environment","docAbstract":"TransAntarctic Mountain DEFormation (TAMDEF) Monitoring Network is the NSF-sponsored OSU and USGS project, aimed at measuring crustal motion in the Transantarctic Mountains of Victoria Land using GPS carrier phase measurements. Station monumentation, antenna mounts, antenna types, and data processing strategies were optimized to achieve mm-level estimates for the rates of motion. These data contributes also to regional Antarctic frame definition. Significant amount of data collected over several years allow the investigation of unique aspects of GPS geodesy in Antarctica, to determine how the error spectrum compares to the mid-latitude regions, and to identify the optimum measurement and data processing schemes for Antarctic conditions, in order to test the predicted rates of motion (mm-level w.r.t. time). The data collection for the TAMDEF project was initiated in 1996. The primary antenna used has been the Ashtech L1/L2 Dorne Margolin (D/M) choke ring. A few occupations involved the use of a Trimble D/M choke ring. The data were processed using the antenna calibration data available from the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). The recent developments in new antenna designs that are lighter in weight and lower in cost are being considered as a possible alternative to the bulkier and more expensive D/M choke ring design. In November 2003, in situ testing of three alternative models of L1/L2 antennas was conducted at a site located in the vicinity of McMurdo Station, Antarctica (S77.87, E166.56). The antenna models used in this test were: Ashtech D/M choke ring, Trimble D/M choke ring, Trimble Zephyr, and the NovAtel GPS-702. Two stations, spaced within 30 meters, were used in the test. Both had the characteristics similar to the stations of the TAMDEF network, i.e., the UNAVCO fixed-height, force-centered level mounts with a constant antenna offset were used, ensuring extreme stability of the antenna/ mount/pin set up. During each of the four 3-day test data collection sessions, a reference station was occupied continuously with the Ashtech D/M choke ring antenna, while the second station was occupied by the tested antennas, one 3-day session for each antenna type. The coordinate differences were produced using software optimized for the analysis of data collected over short baselines. Each solution incorporated the NGS antenna calibration data appropriate for each antenna model. Hourly and 24-hour solutions were analyzed for repeatability and compared to the standard baseline coordinate differences. No significant variation was observed when comparing the same type of antennas and when switching antennas at the test site using daily solutions. An mm-level scatter can be observed comparing different antennas over the 1-hour solutions; it is smaller for the horizontal components, as compared to the vertical direction. At this point, it can be concluded that the standard antenna calibration models from NGS used for each antenna involved in this test did not result in any significant variation in the daily results, but with some in the hourly results. Thus, based on this fact, the antenna types tested here could be used in the future TAMDEF campaigns, where 24-hour solutions are normally used for deformation monitoring. These results can serve as good guidance to any future use of GPS equipment in Antarctica.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006","conferenceTitle":"Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006","conferenceDate":"26 September 2006 through 29 September 2006","conferenceLocation":"Fort Worth, TX","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Grejner-Brzezinska, A., Vazquez, E., and Hothem, L., 2006, Geodetic antenna calibration test in the Antarctic environment, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006, v. 5, Fort Worth, TX, 26 September 2006 through 29 September 2006, p. 2798-2806.","startPage":"2798","endPage":"2806","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a173ae4b0c8380cd55432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grejner-Brzezinska, A.","contributorId":52776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grejner-Brzezinska","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vazquez, E.","contributorId":14997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hothem, L.","contributorId":13801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028536,"text":"70028536 - 2006 - Hydroacoustic estimation of zooplankton biomass at two shoal complexes in the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T11:45:06","indexId":"70028536","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydroacoustic estimation of zooplankton biomass at two shoal complexes in the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydroacoustics can be used to assess zooplankton populations, however, backscatter must be scaled to be biologically meaningful. In this study, we used a general model to correlate site-specific hydroacoustic backscatter with zooplankton dry weight biomass estimated from net tows. The relationship between zooplankton dry weight and backscatter was significant (p &lt; 0.001) and explained 76% of the variability in the dry weight data. We applied this regression to hydroacoustic data collected monthly in 2003 and 2004 at two shoals in the Apostle Island Region of Lake Superior. After applying the regression model to convert hydroacoustic backscatter to zooplankton dry weight biomass, we used geostatistics to analyze the mean and variance, and ordinary kriging to create spatial zooplankton distribution maps. The mean zooplankton dry weight biomass estimates from plankton net tows and hydroacoustics were not significantly different (p = 0.19) but the hydroacoustic data had a significantly lower coefficient of variation (p &lt; 0.001). The maps of zooplankton distribution illustrated spatial trends in zooplankton dry weight biomass that were not discernable from the overall means.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[680:HEOZBA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Holbrook, B., Hrabik, T., Branstrator, D., Yule, D., and Stockwell, J., 2006, Hydroacoustic estimation of zooplankton biomass at two shoal complexes in the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 32, no. 4, p. 680-696, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[680:HEOZBA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"680","endPage":"696","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3313e4b0c8380cd5ece2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holbrook, B.V.","contributorId":43957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"B.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hrabik, T.R.","contributorId":95250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hrabik","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Branstrator, D.K.","contributorId":51518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branstrator","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028532,"text":"70028532 - 2006 - Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028532","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra","docAbstract":"The conventional inversion of surface waves depends on modal identification of measured dispersion curves, which can be ambiguous. It is possible to avoid mode-number identification and extraction by inverting the complete phase-velocity spectrum obtained from a multichannel record. We use the fast simulated annealing (FSA) global search algorithm to minimize the difference between the measured phase-velocity spectrum and that calculated from a theoretical layer model, including the field setup geometry. Results show that this algorithm can help one avoid getting trapped in local minima while searching for the best-matching layer model. The entire procedure is demonstrated on synthetic and field data for asphalt pavement. The viscoelastic properties of the top asphalt layer are taken into account, and the inverted asphalt stiffness as a function of frequency compares well with laboratory tests on core samples. The thickness and shear-wave velocity of the deeper embedded layers are resolved within 10% deviation from those values measured separately during pavement construction. The proposed method may be equally applicable to normal soil site investigation and in the field of ultrasonic testing of materials. ?? 2006 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2204964","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ryden, N., and Park, C., 2006, Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2204964.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2204964"},{"id":236426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0efde4b0c8380cd536ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryden, N.","contributorId":23318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryden","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028531,"text":"70028531 - 2006 - Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028531","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at eight sites within the Buffalo Slough, near Portland, Oregon, to (1) measure the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine (OC) compounds in the slough, (2) assess the usefulness of SPMDs as a tool for investigating and monitoring hydrophobic compounds throughout the Columbia Slough system, and (3) evaluate the utility of SPMDs as a tool for measuring the long-term effects of watershed improvement activities. Data from the SPMDs revealed clear spatial and seasonal differences in water quality within the slough and indicate that for hydrophobic compounds, this time-integrated passive-sampling technique is a useful tool for long-term watershed monitoring. In addition, the data suggest that a spiking rate of 2-5 ??g/SPMD of permeability/performance reference compounds, including at least one compound that is not susceptible to photodegradation, may be optimum for the conditions encountered here. ?? Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K., 2006, Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 118, no. 1-3, p. 293-318, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x.","startPage":"293","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x"},{"id":236425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee69e4b0c8380cd49d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, K.","contributorId":48287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028523,"text":"70028523 - 2006 - Cosmogenic 3He production rates revisited from evidences of grain size dependent release of matrix-sited helium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:15:38","indexId":"70028523","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Cosmogenic <sup>3</sup>He production rates revisited from evidences of grain size dependent release of matrix-sited helium","title":"Cosmogenic 3He production rates revisited from evidences of grain size dependent release of matrix-sited helium","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\"><p id=\"\">Measurements of the cosmogenic <sup>3</sup>He (<sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub>) content of various size aliquots of exposed olivines show that the fine fraction (&lt;140&nbsp;μm) has <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> concentrations between 14 and 100% lower than that of the coarse fractions (0.14–1&nbsp;mm). Such differences attest to a grain size dependent partial release of <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> from the phenocrysts matrix during the preliminary in vacuo crushing. This result might have important implications since most&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> measurements have used for ∼20&nbsp;yr a standard routine based on the fusion of bulk&nbsp;<i>powdered</i> phenocrysts, whatever their grain size. A suite of new data obtained from coarse olivine grains yielded a mean Sea Level High Latitude <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> production rate (SLHL P<sub>3</sub>) of 128±5 and 136±6&nbsp;at. g<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the scaling factors used. This new value, which is ∼15% higher than previously published rates, is obtained from 5 ropy flow surfaces of Mt Etna (38°N) and Hawaiian (19°N) volcanoes, at elevations between sea level and 870&nbsp;m and ranging in age from 1.47±0.05 to 149±23&nbsp;ka according to independent <sup>14</sup>C or K/Ar dating. <sup>3</sup>He loss during the crushing step might account for the discrepancy between the standard reference value of 110–115&nbsp;at. g<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> and the higher SLHL P<sub>3</sub> proposed here. More generally, removal of the powdered fraction before fusion is an important point to consider in further studies in order to avoid any <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c&nbsp;</sub>systematic underestimates.</p><p id=\"\">An altitudinal section has also been sampled on the ropy surface of a ∼1500&nbsp;yr single flow of Mauna Loa (19°N) which allowed a new empirical atmospheric attenuation length of 149±22&nbsp;g cm<sup>−2</sup> to be documented for <sup>3</sup>He<sub>c</sub> in olivines between 2400 and 4000&nbsp;m elevations.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.012","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Blard, P., Pik, R., Lave, J., Bourles, D., Burnard, P., Yokochi, R., Marty, B., and Trusdell, F., 2006, Cosmogenic 3He production rates revisited from evidences of grain size dependent release of matrix-sited helium: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 247, no. 3-4, p. 222-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"247","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5fe4b0c8380cd4e262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blard, P.-H.","contributorId":54475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blard","given":"P.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pik, R.","contributorId":74646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pik","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lave, J.","contributorId":11894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lave","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourles, D.","contributorId":66036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourles","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burnard, P.G.","contributorId":22212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnard","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yokochi, R.","contributorId":100701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yokochi","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marty, B.","contributorId":61231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marty","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trusdell, F.","contributorId":61233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028518,"text":"70028518 - 2006 - Crustal insights from gravity and aeromagnetic analysis: Central North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028518","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal insights from gravity and aeromagnetic analysis: Central North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Aeromagnetic and gravity data are processed and interpreted to reveal deep and shallow information about the crustal structure of the central North Slope, Alaska. Regional aeromagnetic anomalies primarily reflect deep crustal features. Regional gravity anomalies are more complex and require detailed analysis. We constrain our geophysical models with seismic data and interpretations along two transects including the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect. Combined geophysical analysis reveals a remarkable heterogeneity of the pre-Mississippian basement. In the central North Slope, pre-Mississippian basement consists of two distinct geophysical domains. To the southwest, the basement is dense and highly magnetic; this basement is likely mafic and mechanically strong, possibly acting as a buttress to basement involvement in Brooks Range thrusting. To the northeast, the central North Slope basement consists of lower density, moderately magnetic rocks with several discrete regions (intrusions?) of more magnetic rocks. A conjugate set of geophysical trends, northwest-southeast and southwest-northeast, may be a factor in the crustal response to tectonic compression in this domain. High-resolution gravity and aeromagnetic data, where available, reflect details of shallow fault and fold structure. The maps and profile models in this report should provide useful guidelines and complementary information for regional structural studies, particularly in combination with detailed seismic reflection interpretations. Future challenges include collection of high-resolution gravity and aeromagnetic data for the entire North Slope as well as additional deep crustal information from seismic, drilling, and other complementary methods. Copyrights ?? 2006. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/05090605066","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Potter, C., and Phillips, J., 2006, Crustal insights from gravity and aeromagnetic analysis: Central North Slope, Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 90, no. 10, p. 1495-1517, https://doi.org/10.1306/05090605066.","startPage":"1495","endPage":"1517","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/05090605066"},{"id":236771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fce0e4b0c8380cd4e4a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, C. J. 0000-0002-2300-6670","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":89925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}