{"pageNumber":"94","pageRowStart":"2325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":37001,"records":[{"id":70043263,"text":"ofr20121264 - 2012 - Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Pelekane and Kawaihae Bays, Hawaii--measurements of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and geochronology: November 2010--March 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-09T17:49:05","indexId":"ofr20121264","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1264","title":"Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Pelekane and Kawaihae Bays, Hawaii--measurements of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and geochronology: November 2010--March 2011","docAbstract":"Coral reef communities on the Island of Hawaii have been heavily affected by the construction of Kawaihae Harbor in the 1950s and by subsequent changes in land use in the adjacent watershed. Sedimentation and other forms of land-based pollution have led to declines in water quality and coral reef health over the past two decades (Tissot, 1998). Erosion mitigation efforts are underway on land, and there is a need to evaluate the impact of these actions on the adjacent coastal ecosystem. The Kohala Center and Kohala Watershed Partnership was awarded $2.69 million from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Restoration Center as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to stabilize soil and improve land-use practices in the Pelekane Bay watershed. The grant allowed the Kohala Watershed Partnership to implement various upland watershed management activities to reduce land-based sources of pollution into Pelekane Bay. However, a number of questions must be answered in order to: (1) evaluate the effectiveness of the terrestrial watershed remediation efforts; (2) understand the potential of the local marine ecosystem to recover; and (3) understand the potential threat that existing mud deposits in the bay pose to adjacent, relatively pristine coral reef ecosystems. The goal of this experiment was to help address these questions and establish a framework to evaluate the success of the Kohala Watershed Partnership restoration efforts. This research program will also provide resource managers with information relevant to other watershed restoration efforts currently being planned in neighboring watersheds. This project involved an interdisciplinary team of coral reef biologists from the University of Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program, who focused on the impact of sedimentation on the biota of Pelekane Bay, and a team of geologists and oceanographers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), who focused on the circulation and sediment dynamics in Pelekane and Kawaihae Bays. The initial findings from the USGS research program are described in this report. These measurements support the ongoing studies being conducted as part of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program’s Pacific Coral Reef Project to better understand the effect of geologic and oceanographic processes on coral reef systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121264","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Field, M.E., Presto, M., Swarzenski, P.W., Logan, J., Reiss, T.E., Elfers, T.C., Cochran, S., Torresan, M.E., and Chezar, H., 2012, Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Pelekane and Kawaihae Bays, Hawaii--measurements of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and geochronology: November 2010--March 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1264, vi, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121264.","productDescription":"vi, 104 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"111","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-11-01","temporalEnd":"2011-05-01","ipdsId":"IP-038954","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1264.jpg"},{"id":267154,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1264/"},{"id":267155,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1264/pdf/of2012-1264.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Pelekane Bay;Kawaihae Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.3,18.9 ], [ -178.3,28.4 ], [ -154.8,28.4 ], [ -154.8,18.9 ], [ -178.3,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51176fe2e4b0893acf3fff94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reiss, Thomas E. 0000-0003-0388-7076 treiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-7076","contributorId":4149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiss","given":"Thomas","email":"treiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elfers, Timothy C. telfers@usgs.gov","contributorId":5977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elfers","given":"Timothy","email":"telfers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Torresan, Michael E. mtorresan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"Michael","email":"mtorresan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chezar, Hank","contributorId":49835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chezar","given":"Hank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70043235,"text":"ofr20121221 - 2012 - Monitoring of endangered Roanoke logperch (<i>Percina rex</i>) in Smith River upstream from the Philpott Reservoir on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers property near Martinsville, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T12:22:50","indexId":"ofr20121221","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1221","title":"Monitoring of endangered Roanoke logperch (<i>Percina rex</i>) in Smith River upstream from the Philpott Reservoir on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers property near Martinsville, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to continue annual monitoring of Roanoke logperch (<i>Percina rex</i>), an endangered fish, in the Smith River immediately upstream from Philpott Reservoir. This river reach is owned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), which must ensure that appropriate actions are undertaken to aid in recovery of logperch. Monitoring of fish abundance and habitat conditions provides a means for assessing the species&rsquo; status and its responses to USACE management actions. The Roanoke logperch is a large darter (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) endemic to the Roanoke, Dan, and Nottoway River basins of Virginia and North Carolina, where it occupies third- to sixth-order streams containing relatively silt-free substrate (Jenkins and Burkhead, 1994). Because of its rarity, small range, and vulnerability to siltation, the Roanoke logperch was listed in 1989 as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) (U.S. Federal Register 54:34468-34472). Within the Dan basin, Roanoke logperch have long been known to occupy the Smith River and one of its largest tributaries, Town Creek (Jenkins and Burkhead, 1994). Logperch also recently were discovered in other tributaries of the Dan River, including North Carolina segments of the Mayo River, Cascade Creek, Big Beaver Island Creek, Wolf Island Creek (William Hester, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, personal commun., 2012). Within the Smith River, Roanoke logperch are present both upstream and downstream from Philpott Reservoir, a hydroelectric and water storage project owned and operated by the USACE. Although logperch have not been observed in the reservoir itself, the species is relatively abundant in a free-flowing, &asymp; 2.5-km-long segment of Smith River upstream from the reservoir on USACE property (Lahey and Angermeier, 2006). This segment is bounded on the downstream end by the lentic conditions of the reservoir and on the upstream end by White Falls, a natural waterfall that presumably allows fish passage during all but the lowest streamflow (Roberts and Angermeier, 2009). The ESA stipulates that USACE must ensure that its actions do not jeopardize Roanoke logperch and ensure that appropriate actions are taken to aid in the recovery of Roanoke logperch. USACE recognized that additional information was needed to assess compliance with these stipulations, including data on baseline population levels, habitat availability, and potential threats to the species on USACE property. USACE therefore contracted with Virginia Tech (VT) and the U.S. Geological Survey via the Virginia Cooperative Fisheries and Wildlife Research Unit (VCFWRU) to continue ecological monitoring that was initiated in a pilot study in 2005 (Lahey and Angermeier, 2006). The VCFWRU is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Tech, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. This final report summarizes results of biological monitoring performed by VT and the VCFWRU in 2011, and compares these data to data collected during 2006&ndash;2010 (Roberts and Angermeier, 2011). Where appropriate, a comparison was made to data on Roanoke logperch collected previously in the study reach (Lahey and Angermeier, 2006) and in the upper Roanoke River (Roberts and Angermeier, 2011). This work was performed under the auspices of VT&rsquo;s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol 11-035-FIW. Specifically, the following objectives were addressed: * Estimate population density of Roanoke logperch on USACE property; * Measure and map by suitability class the distribution of habitat suitable for Roanoke logperch in the project area; * Assess water quality relative to Roanoke logperch habitat in the project area; * Use the data on logperch abundance, habitat suitability, and water quality to test the general validity of correlates of logperch abundance from other locations; * Identify opportunities and threats related to protecting and enhancing Roanoke logperch habitat; and * Provide suggestions on the necessity and scale of future studies and monitoring related to logperch in and near USACE waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J.H., and Angermeier, P.L., 2012, Monitoring of endangered Roanoke logperch (<i>Percina rex</i>) in Smith River upstream from the Philpott Reservoir on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers property near Martinsville, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1221, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121221.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1221.gif"},{"id":267140,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1221/"},{"id":267141,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1221/pdf/ofr2012-1221.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Martinsville","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.904077,36.643805 ], [ -79.904077,36.715337 ], [ -79.826259,36.715337 ], [ -79.826259,36.643805 ], [ -79.904077,36.643805 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114cd07e4b0ca7af0743ae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, James H.","contributorId":83811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042826,"text":"ofr20121231 - 2012 - Sampling history and 2009--2010 results for pesticides and inorganic constituents monitored by the Lake Wales Ridge Groundwater Network, central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-24T17:45:04","indexId":"ofr20121231","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1231","title":"Sampling history and 2009--2010 results for pesticides and inorganic constituents monitored by the Lake Wales Ridge Groundwater Network, central Florida","docAbstract":"The Lake Wales Ridge Monitoring (LWRM) Network was established to provide a long-term record of water quality of the surficial aquifer in one of the principal citrus-production areas of Florida. This region is underlain by sandy soils that contain minimal organic matter and are highly vulnerable to leaching of chemicals into the subsurface. This report documents the 1989 through May 2010 sampling history of the LWRM Network and summarizes monitoring results for 38 Network wells that were sampled during the period January 2009 through May 2010. During 1989 through May 2010, the Network’s citrus land-use wells were sampled intermittently to 1999, quarterly from April 1999 to October 2009, and thereafter quarterly to semiannually. The water-quality summaries in this report focus on the period January 2009 through May 2010, during which the Network’s citrus land-use wells were sampled six times and the non-citrus land-use wells were sampled two times. Within the citrus land-use wells sampled, a total of 13 pesticide compounds (8 parent pesticides and 5 degradates) were detected of the 37 pesticide compounds analyzed during this period. The most frequently detected compounds included demethyl norflurazon (83 percent of wells), norflurazon (79 percent), aldicarb sulfoxide (41 percent), aldicarb sulfone (38 percent), imidacloprid (38 percent), and diuron (28 percent). Agrichemical concentrations in samples from the citrus land-use wells during the 2009 through May 2010 period exceeded Federal drinking-water standards (maximum contaminant levels, MCLs) in 1.5 to 24 percent of samples for aldicarb and its degradates (sulfone and sulfoxide), and in 68 percent of the samples for nitrate. Florida statutes restrict the distance of aldicarb applications to drinking-water wells; however, these statutes do not apply to monitoring wells. Health-screening benchmark levels that identify unregulated chemicals of potential concern were exceeded for norflurazon and diuron in 29 and 7 percent, respectively, of the 2009–2010 samples. A comparison of agrichemical land-use effects on groundwater quality, determined on the basis of samples from LWRM Network wells in citrus and in non-citrus land-use areas, indicated significantly higher (p<0.05) concentrations of inorganic constituents in samples from citrus land-use areas compared to samples from non-citrus areas. These inorganic constituents include calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, potassium, nitrate, aluminum, manganese, strontium, and total nitrogen, and also specific conductance, an indicator of total dissolved solutes in water. In addition to land use, including irrigation, site differences such as soils and groundwater reduction/oxidation conditions might have contributed to the differences in some of these constituents. Pesticide detections were primarily restricted to the citrus land-use wells, where 22 of 23 wells yielded pesticide detections, with a median of four detected pesticide compounds per well. For the non-citrus land-use wells, typically surrounded by mixed land use including developed and undeveloped land, one of the eight sampled wells yielded pesticide detections consisting of norflurazon and its degradate, and the source(s) of these detections might have been active or recently active citrus orchards in the vicinity of this well. Results from the LWRM Network during the 1989 through May 2010 period have provided early warning of chemicals prone to leaching, guidance for developing or modifying chemical usage practices to minimize impacts to groundwater, and a mechanism for prioritizing State sampling of domestic wells to assure safe drinking-water supplies. Given the typically long time period (years to tens of years or longer) required to remove chemical contamination once it enters the groundwater system, groundwater monitoring is important to protect drinking-water sources as well as the numerous lakes in this region, which are closely connected with the surficial aquifer. Long-term monitoring of the LWRM Network is planned to continue providing early warning of potential for groundwater contamination, and to assess spatial and temporal trends in water quality resulting from changes in pesticide-use patterns and in land use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and the Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Choquette, A., Freiwald, R.S., and Kraft, C.L., 2012, Sampling history and 2009--2010 results for pesticides and inorganic constituents monitored by the Lake Wales Ridge Groundwater Network, central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1231, viii, 19 p.; Data Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121231.","productDescription":"viii, 19 p.; Data Directory","startPage":"i","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1231.gif"},{"id":266443,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1231/data"},{"id":266441,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1231/"},{"id":266442,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1231/pdf/ofr2012-1231.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63,24.52 ], [ -87.63,31.0 ], [ -80.03,31.0 ], [ -80.03,24.52 ], [ -87.63,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51026629e4b0d4f5ea817c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choquette, Anne F.","contributorId":98323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choquette","given":"Anne F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freiwald, R. Scott","contributorId":6344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraft, Carol L.","contributorId":22218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042678,"text":"ofr20121253 - 2012 - Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Saluda, Congaree, and Edisto River basins through March 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T16:33:28","indexId":"ofr20121253","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1253","title":"Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Saluda, Congaree, and Edisto River basins through March 2009","docAbstract":"Part of the mission of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources is to protect and preserve South Carolina's water resources. Doing so requires an ongoing understanding of streamflow characteristics of the rivers and streams in South Carolina. A particular need is information concerning the low-flow characteristics of streams, which is especially important for effectively managing the State's water resources during critical flow periods, such as during periods of severe drought like South Carolina has experienced in the last decade or so. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, initiated a study in 2008 to update low-flow statistics at continuous-record streamgaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in South Carolina. This report presents the low-flow statistics for 25 selected streamgaging stations in the Saluda, Congaree, and Edisto River basins in South Carolina, and includes flow durations for the 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-,75-, 90-, and 95-percent exceedances and the annual minimum 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day average flows with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years, depending on the length of record available at the streamgaging station. The low-flow statistics were computed from records available through March 31, 2009. Of the 25 streamgaging stations for which recurrence interval computations were made, 20 were compared to low-flow statistics that were published in previous U.S. Geological Survey reports. A comparison of the low-flow statistics for the annual minimum 7-day average streamflow with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10) from this study with the most recently published values indicates that 18 of the 20 streamgaging stations have values lower than the previous published values. The low-flow statistics are influenced by length of record, hydrologic regime under which the record was collected, analytical techniques used, and other changes, such as urbanization, diversions, droughts, and so on, that may have occurred in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121253","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., and Guimaraes, W.B., 2012, Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Saluda, Congaree, and Edisto River basins through March 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1253, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121253.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1253.gif"},{"id":265797,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1253/pdf/ofr2012-1253.pdf"},{"id":265796,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1253/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 17","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Congaree River Basin, Edisto River Basin, and Saluda River 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f91d70e4b0727905955f20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042548,"text":"ofr20121269 - 2012 - Implications of NGA for NEHRP site coefficients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-11T12:47:53","indexId":"ofr20121269","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1269","title":"Implications of NGA for NEHRP site coefficients","docAbstract":"Three proposals are provided to update tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (7-10), by the American Society of Civil Engineers (2010) (ASCE/SEI 7-10), with site coefficients implied directly by NGA (Next Generation Attenuation) ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Proposals include a recommendation to use straight-line interpolation to infer site coefficients at intermediate values of  <i> ̅v<sub>s</sub></i> (average shear velocity). Site coefficients are recommended to ensure consistency with ASCE/SEI 7-10 MCE<sub>R</sub> (Maximum Considered Earthquake) seismic-design maps and simplified site-specific design spectra procedures requiring site classes with associated tabulated site coefficients and a reference site class with unity site coefficients. Recommended site coefficients are confirmed by independent observations of average site amplification coefficients inferred with respect to an average ground condition consistent with that used for the MCE<sub>R</sub> maps. The NGA coefficients recommended for consideration are implied directly by the NGA GMPEs and do not require introduction of additional models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121269","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., 2012, Implications of NGA for NEHRP site coefficients: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1269, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121269.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1269.gif"},{"id":265556,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1269/"},{"id":265557,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1269/of2012-1269.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f1346ce4b0c982afefa871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042491,"text":"ofr20121210 - 2012 - 2008 Joint United States-Canadian program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard the U.S. Coast Guard cutter <i>Healy</i>--Cruise HLY0806","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-09T17:36:19","indexId":"ofr20121210","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1210","title":"2008 Joint United States-Canadian program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard the U.S. Coast Guard cutter <i>Healy</i>--Cruise HLY0806","docAbstract":"In September 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), conducted bathymetric and geophysical surveys in the Arctic Beaufort Sea aboard the U.S. Coast Guard cutter USCGC <i>Healy</i>. The principal objective of this mission to the high Arctic was to acquire data in support of delineation of the outer limits of the U.S. and Canadian Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) in the Arctic Ocean in accordance with the provisions of Article 76 of the Law of the Sea Convention.\n\nThe <i>Healy</i> was accompanied by the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker <i>Louis S. St- Laurent</i>. The science parties on the two vessels consisted principally of staff from the USGS (<i>Healy</i>), and the GSC and the Canadian Hydrographic Service (<i>Louis</i>). The crew included marine mammal and Native-community observers, ice observers, and biologists conducting research of opportunity in the Arctic Ocean.\n\nThe joint survey proved an unqualified success. The <i>Healy</i> collected 5,528 km of swath (multibeam) bathymetry (38,806 km<sup>2</sup>) and CHIRP subbottom profile data, with accompanying marine gravity measurements. The <i>Louis</i> acquired 2,817 km of multichannel seismic (airgun) deep-penetration reflection-profile data along 12 continuous lines, as well as 35 sonobuoy refraction stations and accompanying single-beam bathymetry. The coordinated efforts of the two vessels resulted in seismic-reflection profile data of much higher quality and continuity than if the data had been acquired with a single vessel alone. Equipment failure rate of the seismic equipment gear aboard the <i>Louis</i> was greatly improved with the advantage of having a leading icebreaker. When ice conditions proved too severe to deploy the seismic system, the <i>Louis</i> led the <i>Healy</i>, resulting in much improved quality of the swath bathymetry and CHIRP sub-bottom data in comparison with data collected by the <i>Healy</i> in the lead or working alone. Ancillary science objectives, including ice observations, deployment of ice-monitoring buoys and water-column sampling for biologic (phytoplankton) studies, were also successfully accomplished.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121210","usgsCitation":"Childs, J.R., Triezenberg, P., and Danforth, W.W., 2012, 2008 Joint United States-Canadian program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard the U.S. Coast Guard cutter <i>Healy</i>--Cruise HLY0806: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1210, iii, 15 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Appendices: A-G, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121210.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Appendices: A-G","startPage":"i","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1210.gif"},{"id":265494,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1210/of2012-1210_text.pdf"},{"id":265495,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1210/appendixes"},{"id":265493,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1210/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -165.0,70.0 ], [ -165.0,85.0 ], [ -120.0,85.0 ], [ -120.0,70.0 ], [ -165.0,70.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4924e4b0b290850eee9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter J.","contributorId":32625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042366,"text":"ofr20121261 - 2012 - Should ground-motion records be rotated to fault-normal/parallel or maximum direction for response history analysis of buildings?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-06T12:07:11","indexId":"ofr20121261","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1261","title":"Should ground-motion records be rotated to fault-normal/parallel or maximum direction for response history analysis of buildings?","docAbstract":"In the United States, regulatory seismic codes (for example, California Building Code) require at least two sets of horizontal ground-motion components for three-dimensional (3D) response history analysis (RHA) of building structures. For sites within 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) of an active fault, these records should be rotated to fault-normal and fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions, and two RHAs should be performed separately—when FN and then FP direction are aligned with transverse direction of the building axes. This approach is assumed to lead to two sets of responses that envelope the range of possible responses over all nonredundant rotation angles. The validity of this assumption is examined here using 3D computer models of single-story structures having symmetric (torsionally stiff) and asymmetric (torsionally flexible) layouts subjected to an ensemble of near-fault ground motions with and without apparent velocity pulses. In this parametric study, the elastic vibration period is varied from 0.2 to 5 seconds, and yield-strength reduction factors, <i>R</i>, are varied from a value that leads to linear-elastic design to 3 and 5. Further validations are performed using 3D computer models of 9-story structures having symmetric and asymmetric layouts subjected to the same ground-motion set. The influence of the ground-motion rotation angle on several engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is examined in both linear-elastic and nonlinear-inelastic domains to form benchmarks for evaluating the use of the FN/FP directions and also the maximum direction (MD). The MD ground motion is a new definition for horizontal ground motions for use in site-specific ground-motion procedures for seismic design according to provisions of the American Society of Civil Engineers/Seismic Engineering Institute (ASCE/SEI) 7-10. The results of this study have important implications for current practice, suggesting that ground motions rotated to MD or FN/FP directions do not necessarily provide the most critical EDPs in nonlinear-inelastic domain; however, they tend to produce larger EDPs than as-recorded (arbitrarily oriented) motions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121261","usgsCitation":"Reyes, J.C., and Kalkan, E., 2012, Should ground-motion records be rotated to fault-normal/parallel or maximum direction for response history analysis of buildings?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1261, xii, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121261.","productDescription":"xii, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"93","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040285","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1261.gif"},{"id":265291,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1261/"},{"id":265292,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1261/of2012-1261.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50eaac31e4b02dd6076fadba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reyes, Juan C.","contributorId":30731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042369,"text":"ofr20121248 - 2012 - Comparison of concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of fishes from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-06T12:06:29","indexId":"ofr20121248","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1248","title":"Comparison of concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of fishes from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast","docAbstract":"To determine the environmental consequences of decommissioning offshore oil platforms on local and regional fish populations, contaminant loads in reproducing adults were investigated at seven platform sites and adjacent, natural sites. Specimens of three species (Pacific sanddab, <i>Citharichthys sordidus</i>; kelp rockfish, <i>Sebastes atrovirens</i>; and kelp bass, <i>Paralabrax clathratus</i>) residing at platforms and representing the regional background within the Santa Barbara Channel and within the San Pedro Basin were collected. Some of the most important contaminant classes related to oil operations are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because of their potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. However, acute exposure cannot be related directly to PAH tissue concentrations because of rapid metabolism of the parent chemicals in fish; therefore, PAH metabolites in bile were measured, targeting free hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) liberated by enzymatic hydrolysis of the bound PAH glucuronides and sulfates. An ion-pairing method was developed for confirmatory analysis that targeted PAH glucuronides and sulfates. Concentrations of hydroxylated PAHs in all samples (76 fish from platforms and 64 fish from natural sites) were low, ranging from less than the limits of detection (5 to 120 nanograms per milliliter bile; 0.03 to 42 nanograms per milligram protein) to a maximum of 320 nanograms per milliliter bile (32 nanograms per milligram protein). A previously proposed dosimeter of PAH exposure in fish, 1-hydroxypyrene, was not detected at any platform site. Low concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene were detected in 3 of 12 kelp rockfish collected from a natural reef site off Santa Barbara. The most prevalent OH-PAH, 2-hydroxyfluorene, was detected at low concentrations in seven fish of various species; of these, four were from two of the seven platform sites. The greatest concentrations of 2-hydroxyfluorene were found in three fish of various species from Platform Holly and were only about threefold above low, yet quantifiable, concentrations found in three fish from Horseshoe Reef, East Anacapa Island, and Coche Point natural sites; the mean concentrations among all sampling sites were not measurably different.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Gale, R.W., Tanner, M.J., Love, M., Nishimoto, M.M., and Schroeder, D.M., 2012, Comparison of concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of fishes from offshore oil platforms and natural reefs along the California coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1248, Report: v, 27 p.; Supplemental Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121248.","productDescription":"Report: v, 27 p.; Supplemental Tables","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-029789","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1248.gif"},{"id":265297,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1248/"},{"id":265298,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1248/of2012-1248.pdf"},{"id":265299,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1248/downloads/supplemental_tables.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Goleta;Long Beach;Santa Barbara","otherGeospatial":"Anacapa Island;Catalina Island;Santa Cruz Island;Southern California Bight","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,33.58 ], [ -120.0,34.6 ], [ -117.9,34.6 ], [ -117.9,33.58 ], [ -120.0,33.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50eaab76e4b02dd6076fad9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Michael J.","contributorId":55115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, Milton S.","contributorId":74652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Milton S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishimoto, Mary M.","contributorId":54083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimoto","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroeder, Donna M.","contributorId":67604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042274,"text":"ofr20121252 - 2012 - Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:52:33","indexId":"ofr20121252","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1252","title":"Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion","docAbstract":"Detecting, quantifying, and projecting historical and future changes in land use and land cover (LULC) has emerged as a core research area for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Changes in LULC are important drivers of changes to biogeochemical cycles, the exchange of energy between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere, biodiversity, water quality, and climate change. To quantify the rates of recent historical LULC change, the USGS Land Cover Trends project recently completed a unique ecoregion-based assessment of late 20th century LULC change for the western United States. To characterize present LULC, the USGS and partners have created the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) for the years 1992, 2001, and 2006. Both Land Cover Trends and NLCD projects continue to evolve in an effort to better characterize historical and present LULC conditions and are the foundation of the data presented in this report.\n\nProjecting future changes in LULC requires an understanding of the rates and patterns of change, the major driving forces, and the socioeconomic and biophysical determinants and capacities of regions. The data presented in this report is the result of an effort by USGS scientists to downscale the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) to ecoregions of the conterminous United States as part of the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Assessment. The USGS biological carbon assessment was mandated by Section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. As part of the legislative mandate, the USGS is required to publish a methodology describing, in detail, the approach to be used for the assessment. The development of future LULC scenarios is described in chapter 3.2 and appendix A. Spatial modeling is described in chapter 3.3.2 and appendix B and in Sohl and others (2011). In this report, we briefly summarize the major components and methods used to downscale IPCC-SRES scenarios to ecoregions of the conterminous United States, followed by a description of the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion, and lastly a description of the data being published as part of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121252","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.S., Sleeter, B.M., Sohl, T.L., Griffith, G., Acevedo, W., Bennett, S., Bouchard, M., Reker, R.R., Ryan, C., Sayler, K., Sleeter, R., and Soulard, C.E., 2012, Future scenarios of land-use and land-cover change in the United States--the Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1252, Report: iii, 14 p.; Appendices: A-C, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121252.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 14 p.; Appendices: A-C","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037302","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265010,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/"},{"id":265011,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_text.pdf","text":"Report"},{"id":265013,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_a_metadata","text":"Appendix A metadata"},{"id":265015,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_a-baseline_maps.zip","text":"Appendix A data"},{"id":265014,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_c-projected_LULC_2006-2100.zip","text":"Appendix C data"},{"id":265012,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_b-demand_table.zip","text":"Appendix B demand table"},{"id":265016,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1252/of2012-1252_appendix_c_metadata","text":"Appendix C metadata"},{"id":265017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1252.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7857,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,49.0024 ], [ -114.13,49.0024 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cffee4b0a4aa5bb0aefd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Tamara S.","contributorId":36640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffith, Glenn","contributorId":21043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennett, Stacie","contributorId":83259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Stacie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bouchard, Michelle 0000-0002-6353-3491 mbouchard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-3491","contributorId":3765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchard","given":"Michelle","email":"mbouchard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reker, Ryan R. 0000-0001-7524-0082 rreker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-0082","contributorId":174136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reker","given":"Ryan","email":"rreker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ryan, Christy","contributorId":96979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Christy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sayler, Kristi L. 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel 0000-0003-3477-0436 rsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-0436","contributorId":666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel","email":"rsleeter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70042275,"text":"ofr20121241 - 2012 - Advanced earthquake monitoring system for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs medical buildings--instrumentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-04T14:50:35","indexId":"ofr20121241","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1241","title":"Advanced earthquake monitoring system for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs medical buildings--instrumentation","docAbstract":"In collaboration with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the National Strong Motion Project (NSMP; <a href=\"http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/</a>) of the U.S. Geological Survey has been installing sophisticated seismic systems that will monitor the structural integrity of 28 VA hospital buildings located in seismically active regions of the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico during earthquake shaking. These advanced monitoring systems, which combine the use of sensitive accelerometers and real-time computer calculations, are designed to determine the structural health of each hospital building rapidly after an event, helping the VA to ensure the safety of patients and staff. This report presents the instrumentation component of this project by providing details of each hospital building, including a summary of its structural, geotechnical, and seismic hazard information, as well as instrumentation objectives and design. The structural-health monitoring component of the project, including data retrieval and processing, damage detection and localization, automated alerting system, and finally data dissemination, will be presented in a separate report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121241","collaboration":"In cooperation with the <a href=\"http://www.va.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Veterans Affairs</a>","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., Banga, K., Ulusoy, H.S., Fletcher, J.P., Leith, W.S., Reza, S., and Cheng, T., 2012, Advanced earthquake monitoring system for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs medical buildings--instrumentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1241, xi, 143 p.; col. ill.; map (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121241.","productDescription":"xi, 143 p.; col. ill.; map (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"154","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041791","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265007,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1241/"},{"id":265008,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1241/of2012-1241.pdf"},{"id":265009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1241.gif"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfdde4b0a4aa5bb0ae64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banga, Krishna","contributorId":33152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banga","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ulusoy, Hasan S. hulusoy@usgs.gov","contributorId":5360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulusoy","given":"Hasan","email":"hulusoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leith, William S. 0000-0002-3463-3119 wleith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-3119","contributorId":2248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"William","email":"wleith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reza, Shahneam sreza@usgs.gov","contributorId":5361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reza","given":"Shahneam","email":"sreza@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cheng, Timothy","contributorId":54869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042277,"text":"ofr20121259 - 2012 - Mars global digital dune database: MC-30","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-15T15:21:17","indexId":"ofr20121259","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1259","title":"Mars global digital dune database: MC-30","docAbstract":"<p>The Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD<sup>3</sup>) provides data and describes the methodology used in creating the global database of moderate- to large-size dune fields on Mars. The database is being released in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports. The first report (Hayward and others, 2007) included dune fields from lat 65&deg; N. to 65&deg; S. (<a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1158/\" target=\"_blank\">http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1158/</a>). The second report (Hayward and others, 2010) included dune fields from lat 60&deg; N. to 90&deg; N. (<a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1170/\" target=\"_blank\">http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1170/</a>). This report encompasses ~75,000 km<sup>2</sup> of mapped dune fields from lat 60&deg; to 90&deg; S. The dune fields included in this global database were initially located using Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Infrared (IR) images. In the previous two reports, some dune fields may have been unintentionally excluded for two reasons: (1) incomplete THEMIS IR (daytime) coverage may have caused us to exclude some moderate- to large-size dune fields or (2) resolution of THEMIS IR coverage (100 m/pixel) certainly caused us to exclude smaller dune fields. In this report, mapping is more complete. The Arizona State University THEMIS daytime IR mosaic provided complete IR coverage, and it is unlikely that we missed any large dune fields in the South Pole (SP) region. In addition, the increased availability of higher resolution images resulted in the inclusion of more small (~1 km<sup>2</sup>) sand dune fields and sand patches. To maintain consistency with the previous releases, we have identified the sand features that would not have been included in earlier releases. While the moderate to large dune fields in MGD<sup>3</sup> are likely to constitute the largest compilation of sediment on the planet, we acknowledge that our database excludes numerous small dune fields and some moderate to large dune fields as well. Please note that the absence of mapped dune fields does not mean that dune fields do not exist and is not intended to imply a lack of saltating sand in other areas. Where availability and quality of THEMIS visible (VIS), Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) narrow angle, Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera, or Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images allowed, we classified dunes and included some dune slipface measurements, which were derived from gross dune morphology and represent the approximate prevailing wind direction at the last time of significant dune modification. It was beyond the scope of this report to look at the detail needed to discern subtle dune modification. It was also beyond the scope of this report to measure all slipfaces. We attempted to include enough slipface measurements to represent the general circulation (as implied by gross dune morphology) and to give a sense of the complex nature of aeolian activity on Mars. The absence of slipface measurements in a given direction should not be taken as evidence that winds in that direction did not occur. When a dune field was located within a crater, the azimuth from crater centroid to dune field centroid was calculated, as another possible indicator of wind direction. Output from a general circulation model is also included. In addition to polygons locating dune fields, the database includes ~700 of the THEMIS VIS and MOC images that were used to build the database.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121259","usgsCitation":"Hayward, R., Fenton, L., Titus, T., Colaprete, A., and Christensen, P.R., 2012, Mars global digital dune database: MC-30: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1259, Pamphlet: 8 p.; Map: 1 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Data; GIS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121259.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 8 p.; Map: 1 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Data; GIS","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039013","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1259.gif"},{"id":265040,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1259/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d015e4b0a4aa5bb0af5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayward, R.K.","contributorId":31885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fenton, L.K.","contributorId":102189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"L.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, T.N.","contributorId":102615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colaprete, A.","contributorId":26047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colaprete","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, P. 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e0ab55e4b0fec3206ef477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042218,"text":"ofr20121260 - 2012 - Stratigraphic cross section of measured sections and drill holes of the Neslen Formation and adjacent formations, Book Cliffs Area, Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T14:55:55","indexId":"ofr20121260","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1260","title":"Stratigraphic cross section of measured sections and drill holes of the Neslen Formation and adjacent formations, Book Cliffs Area, Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This study updates a stratigraphic cross section published as plate 2 in Kirschbaum and Hettinger (2004) Digital Data Series 69-G (<a data-mce-href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/\" href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/\">http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/</a>). The datum is a marine/tidal ravinement surface within the Cozzette Sandstone Member of the Iles Formation and the Thompson Canyon Sandstone and Sulphur Canyon Sandstone Beds of the Neslen Formation. One of the cores shown was included on the original cross section, and new core descriptions have been added to the upper part of the cored interval. A new core description (S178) is included in this report. Cores are stored in the U.S. Geological Survey Core Research Facility at the Denver Federal Center, Colorado. The following information has also been added to help define the stratigraphic framework: 1) At least five claystones interpreted as altered volcanic ashes have been identified and may give future workers a correlation tool within the largely continental section. 2) Thickness and general geometry of the Sego Sandstone, Buck Tongue of the Mancos Shale, and Castlegate Sandstone have been added to provide additional stratigraphic context. 3) The geometry in the Sego Sandstone, Buck Tongue of the Mancos Shale, and Castlegate Sandstone has been added to provide additional stratigraphic context. 4) Ammonite collections are from Gill and Hail. The zone of Didymoceras nebrascense projected into the East Salt Wash area is based on correlation of the flooding surface at the base of the Cozzette Member to this point as shown in Kirschbaum and Hettinger. 5) A leaf locality of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science is shown in its approximate stratigraphic position near Thompson Canyon. 6) A dinosaur locality of the Natural History Museum of Utah is shown in the Horse Canyon area measured section at the stratigraphic position where it was extracted.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121260","usgsCitation":"Kirschbaum, M.A., and Spear, B.D., 2012, Stratigraphic cross section of measured sections and drill holes of the Neslen Formation and adjacent formations, Book Cliffs Area, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1260, 1 Sheet: 84.00 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121260.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 84.00 x 36.00 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1260.jpg"},{"id":264895,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1260/"},{"id":264896,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1260/OF2012-1260.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Books Cliffs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.05,36.99 ], [ -114.05,42.0 ], [ -102.04,42.0 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -114.05,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4d714e4b0e8fec6ce368c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschbaum, Mark A.","contributorId":25112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Brianne D.","contributorId":15657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Brianne","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042144,"text":"ofr20121226 - 2012 - Thermodynamic method for generating random stress distributions on an earthquake fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-27T12:01:54","indexId":"ofr20121226","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1226","title":"Thermodynamic method for generating random stress distributions on an earthquake fault","docAbstract":"This report presents a new method for generating random stress distributions on an earthquake fault, suitable for use as initial conditions in a dynamic rupture simulation. The method employs concepts from thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. A pattern of fault slip is considered to be analogous to a micro-state of a thermodynamic system. The energy of the micro-state is taken to be the elastic energy stored in the surrounding medium. Then, the Boltzmann distribution gives the probability of a given pattern of fault slip and stress. We show how to decompose the system into independent degrees of freedom, which makes it computationally feasible to select a random state. However, due to the equipartition theorem, straightforward application of the Boltzmann distribution leads to a divergence which predicts infinite stress. To avoid equipartition, we show that the finite strength of the fault acts to restrict the possible states of the system. By analyzing a set of earthquake scaling relations, we derive a new formula for the expected power spectral density of the stress distribution, which allows us to construct a computer algorithm free of infinities. We then present a new technique for controlling the extent of the rupture by generating a random stress distribution thousands of times larger than the fault surface, and selecting a portion which, by chance, has a positive stress perturbation of the desired size. Finally, we present a new two-stage nucleation method that combines a small zone of forced rupture with a larger zone of reduced fracture energy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121226","usgsCitation":"Barall, M., and Harris, R.A., 2012, Thermodynamic method for generating random stress distributions on an earthquake fault: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1226, Report: 112 p.; Computer Code ZIP; Sample Data ZIP, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121226.","productDescription":"Report: 112 p.; Computer Code ZIP; Sample Data ZIP","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1226.jpg"},{"id":264826,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1226/of2012-1226_computer_code.zip"},{"id":264827,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1226/of2012-1226_sample_data.zip"},{"id":264823,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1226/"},{"id":264824,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1226/pdf/of2012-1226.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e54d86e4b0a4aa5bb012e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barall, Michael mbarall@usgs.gov","contributorId":2595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barall","given":"Michael","email":"mbarall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Ruth A. 0000-0002-9247-0768 harris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Ruth","email":"harris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042119,"text":"ofr20121250 - 2012 - Passage probabilities of juvenile Chinook salmon through the powerhouse and regulating outlet at Cougar Dam, Oregon, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-23T15:43:26","indexId":"ofr20121250","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1250","title":"Passage probabilities of juvenile Chinook salmon through the powerhouse and regulating outlet at Cougar Dam, Oregon, 2011","docAbstract":"Cougar Dam near Springfield, Oregon, is one of several federally owned and operated flood-control projects within the Willamette Valley of western Oregon that were determined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries Service in 2008 to impact the long-term viability of several salmonid stocks. In response to this ruling, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is looking for means to reduce impacts to salmonids, including improving downstream passage of juvenile salmonids at Cougar Dam. This study of juvenile Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) passage at Cougar Dam was conducted to inform decisions about potential improvements for downstream fish passage. The primary objective of the study was to estimate route-specific passage probabilities of yearling Chinook salmon at Cougar Dam. The study was conducted using fish from a nearby hatchery surgically implanted with radio transmitters and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and released near the entrance of a temperature control tower through which all water going through the dam must pass. Water passing through the temperature control tower may be routed through a penstock to a powerhouse with two Francis turbines, or to a spillway-like structure called the regulating outlet. Secondary objectives of the study were to estimate the probability that fish enter a bypass at a non-federal facility downstream, and to estimate dam-passage and in-river fish survival. Dam operating conditions during the study included an average forebay elevation of 1,580 feet (National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929) and an average of 48.2 percent of the total dam discharge of 1,106 cubic feet per second passing through a regulating outlet opening of 1.25 feet. Dam passage probability was greatest at night (0.8741 standard error [SE] 0.0265) and primarily through the regulating outlet (0.8896 SE 0.0617 day; 0.9417 SE 0.0175 night). The joint probability of entering the bypass at Leaburg Dam and being detected at the PIT system within the bypass was 0.0755 (SE 0.0363), but some fish were known to pass the PIT system undetected, indicating that the true probability of entering the bypass was underestimated. The estimated survival of fish passing through the temperature control tower, through the dam, and to a site at a bridge over the South Fork of the McKenzie River 3.9 kilometers downstream was 0.3680 (SE 0.1322) for fish passing through the powerhouse, and 0.4247 (SE 0.0440) for fish passing through the regulating outlet. The estimated in-river survival through the 37.3 kilometers from the bridge to a site at Leaburg Hatchery on the McKenzie River was 0.5857 (SE 0.2227) for fish that had passed through the powerhouse, and 0.4537 (SE 0.0551) for fish that had passed through the regulating outlet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121250","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Hansen, A.C., Evans, S.D., Haner, P.V., Hansel, H.C., and Smith, C., 2012, Passage probabilities of juvenile Chinook salmon through the powerhouse and regulating outlet at Cougar Dam, Oregon, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1250, vi, 26 p.; ill. (some col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121250.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.; ill. (some col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"36","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1250.jpg"},{"id":264733,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1250/"},{"id":264734,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1250/pdf/ofr20121250.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.250341,44.119013 ], [ -122.250341,44.139017 ], [ -122.230334,44.139017 ], [ -122.230334,44.119013 ], [ -122.250341,44.119013 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e0eef8e4b0fec3206f19e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 achansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-9137","contributorId":4350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Amy","email":"achansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haner, Philip V. 0000-0001-6940-487X phaner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-487X","contributorId":2364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"Philip","email":"phaner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Collin D. 0000-0003-4184-5686 cdsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5686","contributorId":7915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Collin D.","email":"cdsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042118,"text":"ofr20121273 - 2012 - Recent strikes in South Africa’s platinum-group metal mines: effects upon world platinum-group metal supplies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T15:00:07","indexId":"ofr20121273","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1273","title":"Recent strikes in South Africa’s platinum-group metal mines: effects upon world platinum-group metal supplies","docAbstract":"The recent labor disputes over wages and working conditions that have affected South Africa’s three leading platinum-group metal (PGM) producers have affected an industry already plagued by market pressures and labor unrest and raised the specter of constraints in the world’s supply of these metals. Although low demand for these metals in 2011 and 2012 helped to offset production losses of recent years, and particularly those losses caused by the strikes in 2012, a prolonged resumption of strikes could cause severe shortages of iridium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, and, to a lesser extent, palladium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121273","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Soto-Viruet, Y., and Barry, J.J., 2012, Recent strikes in South Africa’s platinum-group metal mines: effects upon world platinum-group metal supplies (Originally posted on December 21, 2012; Revised on September 6, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1273, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121273.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1273.png"},{"id":264730,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1273/"},{"id":264731,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1273/ofr2012-1273.pdf"}],"country":"South Africa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 16.46,-34.83 ], [ 16.46,-22.13 ], [ 32.89,-22.13 ], [ 32.89,-34.83 ], [ 16.46,-34.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted on December 21, 2012; Revised on September 6, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e49dbae4b0e8fec6cda9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Thomas R.","contributorId":54681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soto-Viruet, Yadira ysoto-viruet@usgs.gov","contributorId":500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soto-Viruet","given":"Yadira","email":"ysoto-viruet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barry, James J. jbarry@usgs.gov","contributorId":501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"James","email":"jbarry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042044,"text":"ofr20121246 - 2012 - The Mekong Fish Network: expanding the capacity of the people and institutions of the Mekong River Basin to share information and conduct standardized fisheries monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:34:35","indexId":"ofr20121246","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1246","title":"The Mekong Fish Network: expanding the capacity of the people and institutions of the Mekong River Basin to share information and conduct standardized fisheries monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>The Mekong River is one of the most biologically diverse rivers in the world, and it supports the most productive freshwater fisheries in the world. Millions of people in the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB) countries of the Union of Myanmar (Burma), Lao People&rsquo;s Democratic Republic, the Kingdom of Thailand, the Kingdom of Cambodia, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam rely on the fisheries of the basin to provide a source of protein. The Mekong Fish Network Workshop was convened in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, in February 2012 to discuss the potential for coordinating fisheries monitoring among nations and the utility of establishing standard methods for short- and long-term monitoring and data sharing throughout the LMB. The concept for this network developed out of a frequently cited need for fisheries researchers in the LMB to share their knowledge with other scientists and decisionmakers. A fish monitoring network could be a valuable forum for researchers to exchange ideas, store data, or access general information regarding fisheries studies in the LMB region. At the workshop, representatives from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and universities, as well as participating foreign technical experts, cited a great need for more international cooperation and technical support among them. Given the limited staff and resources of many institutions in the LMB, the success of the proposed network would depend on whether it could offer tools that would provide benefits to network participants. A potential tool discussed at the workshop was a user-friendly, Web-accessible portal and database that could help streamline data entry and storage at the institutional level, as well as facilitate communication and data sharing among institutions. The workshop provided a consensus to establish pilot standardized data collection and database efforts that will be further reviewed by the workshop participants. Overall, workshop participants agreed that this is the type of support that is greatly needed to answer their most pressing questions and to enable local researchers and resource managers to monitor and sustain the valuable and diverse aquatic life of the Mekong River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121246","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with FISHBIO","usgsCitation":"Patricio, H.C., Ainsley, S.M., Andersen, M.E., Beeman, J.W., and Hewitt, D.A., 2012, The Mekong Fish Network: expanding the capacity of the people and institutions of the Mekong River Basin to share information and conduct standardized fisheries monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1246, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121246.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-02-09","temporalEnd":"2012-02-10","ipdsId":"IP-038456","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1246.gif"},{"id":264705,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1246/"},{"id":264706,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1246/ofr2012-1246.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam","otherGeospatial":"Mekong River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 89.15,8.0 ], [ 89.15,33.0 ], [ 111.12,33.0 ], [ 111.12,8.0 ], [ 89.15,8.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d4967ae4b0c6073c901f59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patricio, Harmony C.","contributorId":30525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patricio","given":"Harmony","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ainsley, Shaara M.","contributorId":107973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ainsley","given":"Shaara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, Matthew E. 0000-0003-4115-5028 mandersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-5028","contributorId":3190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Matthew","email":"mandersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hewitt, David A. 0000-0002-5387-0275 dhewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-0275","contributorId":3767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewitt","given":"David","email":"dhewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042070,"text":"ofr20121270 - 2012 - Fish population and habitat analysis in Buck Creek, Washington, prior to recolonization by anadromous salmonids after the removal of Condit Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-21T12:33:25","indexId":"ofr20121270","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1270","title":"Fish population and habitat analysis in Buck Creek, Washington, prior to recolonization by anadromous salmonids after the removal of Condit Dam","docAbstract":"We assessed the physical and biotic conditions in the part of Buck Creek, Washington, potentially accessible to anadromous fishes. This creek is a major tributary to the White Salmon River upstream of Condit Dam, which was breached in October 2011. Habitat and fish populations were characterized in four stream reaches. Reach breaks were based on stream gradient, water withdrawals, and fish barriers. Buck Creek generally was confined, with a single straight channel and low sinuosity. Boulders and cobble were the dominant stream substrate, with limited gravel available for spawning. Large-cobble riffles were 83 percent of the available fish habitat. Pools, comprising 15 percent of the surface area, mostly were formed by bedrock with little instream cover and low complexity. Instream wood averaged 6—10 pieces per 100 meters, 80 percent of which was less than 50 centimeters in diameter. Water temperature in Buck Creek rarely exceeded 16 degrees Celsius and did so for only 1 day at river kilometer (rkm) 3 and 11 days at rkm 0.2 in late July and early August 2009. The maximum temperature recorded was 17.2 degrees Celsius at rkm 0.2 on August 2, 2009. Minimum summer discharge in Buck Creek was 3.3 cubic feet per second downstream of an irrigation diversion (rkm 3.1) and 7.7 cubic feet per second at its confluence with the White Salmon River. Rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) was the dominant fish species in all reaches. The abundance of age-1 or older rainbow trout was similar between reaches. However, in 2009 and 2010, the greatest abundance of age-0 rainbow trout (8 fish per meter) was in the most downstream reach. These analyses in Buck Creek are important for understanding the factors that may limit fish abundance and productivity, and they will help identify and prioritize potential restoration actions. The data collected constitute baseline information of pre-dam removal conditions that will allow assessment of changes in fish populations now that Condit Dam has been removed and anadromous fish have an opportunity to recolonize Buck Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121270","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Yakama Nation","usgsCitation":"Allen, M.B., Burkhardt, J., Munz, C., and Connolly, P., 2012, Fish population and habitat analysis in Buck Creek, Washington, prior to recolonization by anadromous salmonids after the removal of Condit Dam: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1270, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121270.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"48","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1270.jpg"},{"id":264717,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1270/pdf/ofr20121270.pdf"},{"id":264716,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1270/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Buck Creek;Condit Dam;White Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.57,45.76 ], [ -121.57,45.85 ], [ -121.51,45.85 ], [ -121.51,45.76 ], [ -121.57,45.76 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d4cbcae4b0c6073c902059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, M. Brady","contributorId":18874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkhardt, Jeanette","contributorId":15496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Jeanette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munz, Carrie","contributorId":98191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munz","given":"Carrie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041960,"text":"ofr20121254 - 2012 - Vitrinite reflectance data for Cretaceous marine shales and coals in the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T16:05:43","indexId":"ofr20121254","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1254","title":"Vitrinite reflectance data for Cretaceous marine shales and coals in the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana","docAbstract":"The Bighorn Basin is a large Laramide (Late Cretaceous through Eocene) structural and sedimentary basin that encompasses about 10,400 square miles in north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana. The purpose of this report is to present new vitrinite reflectance data collected from Cretaceous marine shales and coals in the Bighorn Basin to better characterize the thermal maturity and petroleum potential of these rocks. Ninety-eight samples from Lower Cretaceous and lowermost Upper Cretaceous strata were collected from well cuttings from wells stored at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Core Research Center in Lakewood, Colorado.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121254","usgsCitation":"Pawlewicz, M.J., and Finn, T.M., 2012, Vitrinite reflectance data for Cretaceous marine shales and coals in the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1254, iii, 11 p.; col. ill.; map (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121254.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.; col. ill.; map (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1254.gif"},{"id":264653,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1254/"},{"id":264654,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1254/OF12-1254.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming;Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.05,40.9947 ], [ -116.05,49.0 ], [ -104.04,49.0 ], [ -104.04,40.9947 ], [ -116.05,40.9947 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391e2e4b062c7914ebda9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Thomas M. 0000-0001-6396-9351 finn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Thomas","email":"finn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041865,"text":"ofr20121196 - 2012 - Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data from C-aquifer monitoring program, northeastern Arizona, 2005-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-14T21:11:24.234624","indexId":"ofr20121196","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1196","displayTitle":"Groundwater, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data from C-aquifer Monitoring Program, Northeastern Arizona, 2005-11","title":"Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data from C-aquifer monitoring program, northeastern Arizona, 2005-11","docAbstract":"<p>The C aquifer is a regionally extensive multiple-aquifer system supplying water for municipal, agricultural, and industrial use in northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Utah. An increase in groundwater withdrawals from the C aquifer coupled with ongoing drought conditions in the study area increase the potential for drawdown within the aquifer. A decrease in the water table and potentiometric surface of C aquifer is illustrated locally by the drying up of Obed Meadows, a natural peat deposit, and Hugo Meadows, a natural wetland, both south of Joseph City, Arizona. Continual increase in water use from the C aquifer, including a planned increase in pumpage by the City of Flagstaff, is justification for continued monitoring of the C-aquifer system in order to quantify physical and chemical responses to pumping stresses.</p>\n<p>Fifteen of the 35 C-aquifer wells analyzed had water-level data sufficient for percentage difference calculation for 2005&ndash;11. Change in water level as a percentage of the initial water-level measurement for these 15 wells ranged from about -0.2 to about -0.5 percent. For historical water-level data, changes in water levels were greatest around pumping centers, as indicated by a -97.0 feet (percentage difference of -16.5 percent) change over the period of record (1962&ndash;2005) for the Lake Mary 1 Well near Flagstaff, Arizona. In more rural areas of the C aquifer, water levels showed less change for both the temporal focus of this report (2005&ndash;11) and for historical values.</p>\n<p>Continuous records of surface-water discharge from 2005 to 2007 for three discontinued streamflow-gaging stations (Clear Creek near Winslow, AZ, 09399000; Clear Creek below McHood Lake near Winslow, AZ, 09399100; and Chevelon Creek near Winslow, AZ, 09398000) were tabulated. For the period of record, Clear Creek near Winslow, AZ, and Chevelon Creek near Winslow, AZ, showed seasonal discharge distributions indicative of natural streams in the southwestern United States. Clear Creek below McHood Lake near Winslow, AZ, showed discharge distribution indicative of perennial spring flow with little variation annually.</p>\n<p>Physical and chemical data collected during four baseflow investigations (summer 2005, summer 2006, summer 2008, and winter 2010) conducted on Clear Creek, Chevelon Creek, and a portion of the Little Colorado River were compiled and analyzed. Data from 7 sampling sites established on the Little Colorado River, 11 sites along Chevelon Creek, and 14 sites along Clear Creek were included. For the four baseflow investigations presented, a 2,000&ndash;3,000 microsiemens per centimeter increase in specific conductance was measured in Chevelon Creek from near its headwaters to the confluence with the Little Colorado River because of the contribution of highly conductive spring discharge. Clear Creek showed a less consistent pattern of increase in specific conductance with distance, but still exhibited changes on the order of 5,000 microsiemens per centimeter over just a few river miles.</p>\n<p>Water-chemistry data for selected wells and baseflow investigations sites are presented. No well samples analyzed exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level standards for drinking water, but several samples exceeded Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level standards for chloride, fluoride, sulfate, iron, and total dissolved solids.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121196","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.R., and Macy, J.P., 2012, Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data from C-aquifer monitoring program, northeastern Arizona, 2005-11 (Version 1.0: Originally posted December 2012; Version 1.1: March 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1196, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121196.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1196.gif"},{"id":269267,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1196/"},{"id":269268,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1196/of2012-1196.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.7913818359375,\n              34.384246040152206\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7913818359375,\n              35.98245135784044\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.1766357421875,\n              35.98245135784044\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.1766357421875,\n              34.384246040152206\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7913818359375,\n              34.384246040152206\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted December 2012; Version 1.1: March 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20b86e4b08b071e771b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Christopher R. crbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":4751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Christopher","email":"crbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041873,"text":"ofr20121267 - 2012 - A standard operating procedure for the surgical implantation of transmitters in juvenile salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T13:58:11","indexId":"ofr20121267","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1267","title":"A standard operating procedure for the surgical implantation of transmitters in juvenile salmonids","docAbstract":"Biotelemetry is a useful tool to monitor the movements of animals and is widely applied in fisheries research. Radio or acoustic technology can be used, depending on the study design and the environmental conditions in the study area. A broad definition of telemetry also includes the use of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags, either separately or with a radio or acoustic transmitter. To use telemetry, fish must be equipped with a transmitter. Although there are several attachment procedures available, surgical implantation of transmitters in the abdominal cavity is recognized as the best technique for long-term telemetry studies in general (Stasko and Pincock, 1977; Winter, 1996; Jepsen, 2003), and specifically for juvenile salmonids, <i>Oncorhynchus spp.</i> (Adams and others, 1998a, 1998b; Martinelli and others, 1998; Hall and others, 2009). Studies that use telemetry assume that the processes by which the animals are captured, handled, and tagged, as well as the act of carrying the transmitter, will have minimal effect on their behavior and performance. This assumption, commonly stated as a lack of transmitter effects, must be valid if telemetry studies are to describe accurately the movements and behavior of an entire population of interest, rather than the subset of that population that carries transmitters. This document describes a standard operating procedure (SOP) for surgical implantation of radio or acoustic transmitters in juvenile salmonids. The procedures were developed from a broad base of published information, laboratory experiments, and practical experience in tagging thousands of fish for numerous studies of juvenile salmon movements near Columbia River and Snake River hydroelectric dams. Staff from the Western Fisheries Research Center's Columbia River Research Laboratory (CRRL) frequently have used telemetry studies to evaluate new structures or operations at hydroelectric dams in the Columbia River Basin, and these evaluations typically require large numbers of tagged fish. For example, a study conducted at the dams on the Columbia River and funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers required tagging and monitoring of 40,000 juvenile salmon during a 3-month migration period (Counihan and others, 2006a, 2006b; Perry and others, 2006). To meet the demands of such a large study, the authors and CRRL staff refined the SOP to increase efficiency in the tagging process while maintaining high standards of fish care. The SOP has been used in laboratory and field settings for more than 15 years, and consistently has produced low mortality rates (<1 percent) and transmitter loss rates (<0.01 percent) in the 24-36 hours after tagging. In addition to describing the detailed surgical procedures required for transmitter implantation, this document provides guidance on fish collection, handling and holding, and the release of tagged fish. Although often overlooked, or at least underemphasized, these processes can have a large impact on the outcome of the tagging procedure. Stress associated with the individual steps in handling and tagging can be cumulative and lethal (Maule and others, 1988; Wedemeyer and others, 1990; Portz and others, 2006), so the goal is to provide the best possible fish care at every step in order to manage the overall effect on study fish.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121267","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T., Beeman, J., and Gee, L., 2012, A standard operating procedure for the surgical implantation of transmitters in juvenile salmonids: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1267, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121267.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"58","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1267.jpg"},{"id":264110,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1267/"},{"id":264111,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1267/pdf/ofr20121267.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20b7be4b08b071e771b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, T.L.","contributorId":32800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gee, L.P.","contributorId":50062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041880,"text":"ofr20121251 - 2012 - Updates to watershed modeling in the Potholes Reservoir basin, Washington-a supplement to Scientific Investigation Report 2009-5081","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T14:27:18","indexId":"ofr20121251","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1251","title":"Updates to watershed modeling in the Potholes Reservoir basin, Washington-a supplement to Scientific Investigation Report 2009-5081","docAbstract":"A previous collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation resulted in a watershed model for four watersheds that discharge into Potholes Reservoir, Washington. Since the model was constructed, two new meteorological sites have been established that provide more reliable real-time information. The Bureau of Reclamation was interested in incorporating this new information into the existing watershed model developed in 2009, and adding measured snowpack information to update simulated results and to improve forecasts of runoff. This report includes descriptions of procedures to aid a user in making model runs, including a description of the Object User Interface for the watershed model with details on specific keystrokes to generate model runs for the contributing basins. A new real-time, data-gathering computer program automates the creation of the model input files and includes the new meteorological sites. The 2009 watershed model was updated with the new sites and validated by comparing simulated results to measured data. As in the previous study, the updated model (2012 model) does a poor job of simulating individual storms, but a reasonably good job of simulating seasonal runoff volumes. At three streamflow-gaging stations, the January 1 to June 30 retrospective forecasts of runoff volume for years 2010 and 2011 were within 40 percent of the measured runoff volume for five of the six comparisons, ranging from -39.4 to 60.3 percent difference. A procedure for collecting measured snowpack data and using the data in the watershed model for forecast model runs, based on the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction method, is described, with an example that uses 2004 snow-survey data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121251","collaboration":"For additional information see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20095081\" target=\"_blank\">SIR 2009-5081</a>.","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M., 2012, Updates to watershed modeling in the Potholes Reservoir basin, Washington-a supplement to Scientific Investigation Report 2009-5081: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1251, vii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121251.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1251.jpg"},{"id":264114,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1251/"},{"id":264115,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1251/pdf/ofr20121251.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Potholes Reservoir Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.50,47.83 ], [ -119.50,48.16 ], [ -117.83,48.16 ], [ -117.83,47.83 ], [ -119.50,47.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20bb4e4b08b071e771b3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Mark","contributorId":41312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041849,"text":"ofr20121217 - 2012 - Quaternary geologic map of the Glasgow 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-26T14:47:22","indexId":"ofr20121217","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1217","title":"Quaternary geologic map of the Glasgow 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"The Glasgow quadrangle encompasses approximately 16,084 km<sup>2</sup> (6,210 mi<sup>2</sup>). The northern boundary is the Montana/Saskatchewan (U.S./Canada) boundary. The quadrangle is in the Northern Plains physiographic province and it includes the Boundary Plateau, Peerless Plateau, and Larb Hills. The primary river is the Milk River.\n\nThe map units are surficial deposits and materials, not landforms. Deposits that comprise some constructional landforms (for example, ground-moraine deposits, end-moraine deposits, and stagnation-moraine deposits, all composed of till) are distinguished for purposes of reconstruction of glacial history. Surficial deposits and materials are assigned to 23 map units on the basis of genesis, age, lithology or composition, texture or particle size, and other physical, chemical, and engineering characteristics. It is not a map of soils that are recognized in pedology or agronomy. Rather, it is a generalized map of soils recognized in engineering geology, or of substrata or parent materials in which pedologic or agronomic soils are formed. Glaciotectonic (ice-thrust) structures and deposits are mapped separately, represented by a symbol. The surficial deposits are glacial, ice-contact, glaciofluvial, alluvial, lacustrine, eolian, colluvial, and mass-movement deposits. Residuum, a surficial material, also is mapped. \n\nTill of late Wisconsin age is represented by three map units. Till of Illinoian age is also represented locally but is widespread in the subsurface.\n\nThis map was prepared to serve as a database for compilation of a Quaternary geologic map of the United States and Canada (scale 1:1,000,000). Letter symbols for the map units are those used for the same units in the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121217","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Fullerton, D.S., Colton, R.B., and Bush, C.A., 2012, Quaternary geologic map of the Glasgow 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1217, Map: 52 x 36 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121217.","productDescription":"Map: 52 x 36 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1217.gif"},{"id":264085,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1217/downloads/"},{"id":264083,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1217/"},{"id":264084,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1217/OF12_1217_508.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Milk River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.0,48.0 ], [ -108.0,49.0 ], [ -106.0,49.0 ], [ -106.0,48.0 ], [ -108.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4989ae4b0e8fec6cd9d2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fullerton, David S. fullerton@usgs.gov","contributorId":448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fullerton","given":"David","email":"fullerton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colton, Roger B.","contributorId":17967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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