{"pageNumber":"940","pageRowStart":"23475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40807,"records":[{"id":79796,"text":"sir20065294 - 2007 - Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T06:33:08","indexId":"sir20065294","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5294","title":"Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003","docAbstract":"

The northern High Plains aquifer is the primary source of water used for domestic, industrial, and irrigation purposes in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Despite the aquifer’s importance to the regional economy, fundamental ground-water characteristics, such as vertical gradients in water chemistry and age, remain poorly defined. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program, water samples from nested, short-screen monitoring wells installed in the northern High Plains aquifer were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon, pesticides, stable and radioactive isotopes, dissolved gases, and other parameters to evaluate vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the aquifer. Chemical data and tritium and radiocarbon ages show that water in the aquifer was chemically and temporally stratified in the study area, with a relatively thin zone of recently recharged water (less than 50 years) near the water table overlying a thicker zone of older water (1,800 to 15,600 radiocarbon years). In areas where irrigated agriculture was an important land use, the recently recharged ground water was characterized by elevated concentrations of major ions and nitrate and the detection of pesticide compounds. Below the zone of agricultural influence, major-ion concentrations exhibited small increases with depth and distance along flow paths because of rock/water interactions. The concentration increases were accounted for primarily by dissolved calcium, sodium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and silica. In general, the chemistry of ground water throughout the aquifer was of high quality. None of the approximately 90 chemical constituents analyzed in each sample exceeded primary drinking-water standards.

Mass-balance models indicate that changes in groundwater chemistry along flow paths in the aquifer can be accounted for by small amounts of feldspar and calcite dissolution; goethite and clay-mineral precipitation; organic-carbon and pyrite oxidation; oxygen reduction and denitrification; and cation exchange. Mixing with surface water affected the chemistry of ground water in alluvial sediments of the Platte River Valley. Radiocarbon ages in the aquifer, adjusted for carbon mass transfers, ranged from 1,800 to 15,600 14C years before present. These results have important implications with respect to development of ground-water resources in the Sand Hills. Most of the water in the aquifer predates modern anthropogenic activity so excessive removal of water by pumping is not likely to be replenished by natural recharge in a meaningful timeframe. Vertical gradients in ground-water age were used to estimate long-term average recharge rates in the aquifer. In most areas, the recharge rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 foot per year. The recharge rate was 0.2 foot per year in one part of the aquifer characterized by large downward hydraulic gradients.

Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations at the water table were 0.13 to 3.13 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, and concentrations substantially decreased with depth in the aquifer. Dissolved-gas and nitrogen-isotope data indicate that denitrification in the aquifer removed 0 to 97 percent (average = 50 percent) of the nitrate originally present in recharge. The average amount of nitrate removed by denitrification in the aquifer north of the Platte River (Sand Hills) was substantially greater than the amount removed south of the river (66 as opposed to 0 percent), and the extent of nitrate removal appears to be related to the presence of thick deposits of sediment on top of the Ogallala Group in the Sand Hills that contained electron donors, such as organic carbon and pyrite, to support denitrification.

Apparent rates of dissolved-oxygen reduction and denitrification were estimated on the basis of decreases in dissolved-oxygen concentrations and increases in concentrations of excess nitrogen gas and ground-water ages along flow paths from the water table to deeper wells. Median rates of dissolved-oxygen reduction and denitrification south of the Platte River were at least 10 times smaller than the median rates north of the river in the Sand Hills. The relatively large denitrification rates in the Sand Hills indicate that the aquifer in that area may have a greater capacity to attenuate nitrate contamination than the aquifer south of the river, depending on rates of ground-water movement in the two areas. Small denitrification rates south of the river indicate that nitrate contamination in that part of the aquifer would likely persist for a longer period of time.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065294","isbn":"1411317734","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Böhlke, J., and Carney, C.P., 2007, Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5294, vii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065294.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5294.jpg"},{"id":342018,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5294/pdf/sir06-5294_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.5 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carney, C. P.","contributorId":100084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carney","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242685,"text":"70242685 - 2007 - Lithosphere stress and deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T11:16:32.380543","indexId":"70242685","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-13T06:14:21","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lithosphere stress and deformation","docAbstract":"

After several decades of investigation, a surprisingly simple view of the lithospheric state of stress has emerged. Broad regions of the lithosphere (scales up to thousands of kilometers) are characterized by remarkably uniform stress fields, both in terms of orientations and relative magnitudes. There is a strong correlation between observed intraplate stress orientations and orientations predicted by models of the plate-driving forces acting on the plate geometry, suggesting that the same forces that drive the plates also stress their interiors. Lateral variations in density and thickness of the crust and lithosphere give rise to gravitational potential energy differences that locally induce forces comparable in magnitude to plate-driving forces. In addition, mantle density inhomogeneities may also influence lithospheric stresses through the linkage of mantle flow. Direct measurements of stress magnitudes at depth indicate that the brittle crust is in a state of ‘frictional faulting equilibrium’, that is, the stress differences are close to, and limited by, the stress levels required to induce slip on the most well-oriented pre-exising planes. This characteristic of ‘critically stressed crust’ stress applies equally well to active plate boundary regions as well as ‘stable’ intraplate regions, indicating that stress differences at depth are comparable in these very distinct tectonic provinces. The difference in deformation between the two provinces is simply the rate of deformation, primarily controlled by the integrated strength of the lithosphere. Warmer, weaker lithosphere (such as along plate boundaries) will deform about eight orders of magnitude more rapidly than old, cold lithosphere in the interior of plates.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-044452748-6.00105-X","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M., and Zoback, M., 2007, Lithosphere stress and deformation, chap. of Treatise on Geophysics, v. 6, p. 253-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044452748-6.00105-X.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"273","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, M.L.","contributorId":12982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, M.","contributorId":17797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242684,"text":"70242684 - 2007 - Dynamic triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T11:10:58.292189","indexId":"70242684","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-13T06:06:23","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Dynamic triggering","docAbstract":"

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that dynamic stresses propagating as seismic waves from large earthquakes are capable of triggering additional earthquakes ranging from aftershocks in the near-field (within one or two source dimensions of the mainshock epicenter) to remotely triggered earthquakes at distances exceeding 10 000 km. Most of the triggered earthquakes are small (generally M ≤ 3) except within the near field, where dynamic stresses may trigger slip on subadjacent fault segments leading to complex rupture comprising of several large earthquakes of comparable magnitude. Crustal surface waves with periods of 15–30 s and peak dynamic stresses greater than ∼0.01 MPa seem to be most efficient in triggering remote seismicity. Current models for dynamic triggering fall under two broad groups: one appealing to Coulomb failure with various friction laws, and the other appealing to the activation of crustal fluids either hydrous or magmatic. No single model appears capable of accounting for the wide variation observed in the nature of triggered activity. Spatial sampling of dynamic triggering on a global scale is still woefully inadequate because of the limited distribution of adequate seismic networks. From the limited data currently available, it appears that extensional stress regimes hosting geothermal and volcanic activity are more susceptible to remote dynamic triggering than compressional stress regimes, although remote triggering is not limited to extensional regimes. Instances of remote triggering in the few areas with continuous, high-resolution deformation instrumentation (all volcanic or geothermal areas) include distinctive deformation transients, suggesting that the locally triggered seismicity in these areas may be a secondary response to a more fundamental aseismic process that likely involves some form of fluid transport or phase change. Recent evidence for triggering by solid Earth tides and ocean loading in convergent plate margins provides a low-frequency, low-amplitude reference point for the spectrum of stresses capable of dynamic triggering. Remaining challenges include establishing better sampling of the distribution of triggered seismicity and better constraints on physical models for the triggering process.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-044452748-6.00070-5","usgsCitation":"Hill, D., and Prejean, S., 2007, Dynamic triggering, chap. of Treatise on Geophysics, v. 4, p. 257-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044452748-6.00070-5.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"291","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":304125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, S.G.","contributorId":304126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prejean","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79784,"text":"sir20075034 - 2007 - Water-balance model of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T22:40:45.809061","indexId":"sir20075034","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5034","title":"Water-balance model of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota","docAbstract":"A numerical water-balance model was developed to simulate the responses of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, to historical and possible extreme hydrological inputs and to changes in hydrological inputs that might occur if a proposed refinery is built on the reservation. Results from model simulations indicated that the study wetland would likely contain water during most historical and extreme-precipitation events with the addition of maximum potential discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day from proposed refinery holding ponds. Extended periods with little precipitation and above-normal temperatures may result in the wetland becoming nearly dry, especially if potential holding-pond discharges are near zero. Daily simulations based on the historical-enhanced climate data set for May and June 2005, which included holding-pond discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day, indicated that the study-wetland maximum simulated water volume was about 16.2 acre-feet and the maximum simulated water level was about 1.2 feet at the outlet culvert. Daily simulations based on the extreme summer data set, created to represent an extreme event with excessive June precipitation and holding-pond discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day, indicated that the study-wetland maximum simulated water volume was about 38.6 acre-feet and the maximum simulated water level was about 2.6 feet at the outlet culvert. A simulation performed using the extreme winter climate data set and an outlet culvert blocked with snow and ice resulted in the greatest simulated wetland water volume of about 132 acre-feet and the greatest simulated water level, which would have been about 6.2 feet at the outlet culvert, but water was not likely to overflow an adjacent highway.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075034","usgsCitation":"Vining, K.C., 2007, Water-balance model of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5034, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075034.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5034.jpg"},{"id":392122,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81157.htm"},{"id":9470,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Fort Berthold Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.8917,\n 47.9667\n ],\n [\n -101.8542,\n 47.9667\n ],\n [\n -101.8542,\n 47.9972\n ],\n [\n -101.8917,\n 47.9972\n ],\n [\n -101.8917,\n 47.9667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70068753,"text":"ofr20071047SRP005 - 2007 - Cenozoic environmental changes along the East Antarctic continental margin inferred from regional seismic stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T11:46:15","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP005","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-08T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-005","title":"Cenozoic environmental changes along the East Antarctic continental margin inferred from regional seismic stratigraphy","docAbstract":"We interpret ~40,000 km of multichannelseismic reflection lines collected by the Russian Antarctic Expedition along the East Antarctic continental margin between 32° E and 115°\nE, and present a revised seismic stratigraphic model for depositional paleoenvironments of the region. Variations in acoustic facies characteristics \nobserved across major seismic horizons are correlated with paleoenvironmental changes deciphered from Antarctic \ndrilling data and deep-sea “proxy” records. Our results, as well as otherstudies, indicate that the East Antarctic margin\nwas glaciated at different times. Glacial ice first reached the western Wilkes Land margin in the Middle Eocene and\nthen advanced onto most parts ofthe East Antarctic continentalshelf during the earliest Oligocene. During the\nNeogene, bottom currents deposited a variety of drift deposits along the margin","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071047SRP005","usgsCitation":"Leitchenkov, G., Guseva, Y., and Gandyukhin, V., 2007, Cenozoic environmental changes along the East Antarctic continental margin inferred from regional seismic stratigraphy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047-SRP-005, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071047SRP005.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047SRP005.JPG"},{"id":280872,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp005/of2007-1047srp005.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd505be4b0b290850f349a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leitchenkov, G.L.","contributorId":70126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitchenkov","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guseva, Y.B.","contributorId":103808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guseva","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gandyukhin, V.V.","contributorId":35081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandyukhin","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79774,"text":"ofr20071085 - 2007 - A Dreissena Risk Assessment for the Colorado River Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:12","indexId":"ofr20071085","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1085","title":"A Dreissena Risk Assessment for the Colorado River Ecosystem","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nNonnative zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis, respectively; see photo above) were accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes in the 1980s and subsequently spread to watersheds of the Eastern United States (Strayer and others, 1999). The introduction of Dreissena mussels has been economically costly and has had large and far-reaching ecological impacts on these systems. Quagga mussels were found in Lakes Mead and Havasu in January 2007. Given the likelihood that quagga mussels and, eventually, zebra mussels will be introduced to Lake Powell and the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, it is important to assess the risks that introduction of Dreissena mussels pose to the Colorado River ecosystem (here defined as the segment of river from just below Glen Canyon Dam to Diamond Creek; hereafter CRE). In this report, I assess three different types of risks associated with Dreissena and the CRE: (1) the risk that Dreissena will establish at high densities in the CRE, (2) the risk of ecological impacts should Dreissena establish at high densities in the CRE or in Lake Powell, and (3) the risk that Dreissena will be introduced to tributaries of the CRE. \r\n\r\nThe risk of Dreissena establishing within the CRE is low, except for the Lees Ferry tailwater reach where the risk appears high. Dreissena are unlikely to establish at high densities within the CRE or its tributaries because of high suspended sediment, high ratios of suspended inorganic:organic material, and high water velocities, all of which interfere with the ability of Dreissena to effectively filter feed. The rapids of Grand Canyon may represent a large source of mortality to larval Dreissena, which would limit their ability to disperse and colonize downstream reaches of the CRE. In contrast, conditions within the Lees Ferry tailwater generally appear suitable for Dreissena establishment, with the exception of high average water velocity. \r\n\r\nIf Dreissena establish within the CRE, the risks of negative ecological impacts appear low. If Dreissena are able to attain moderate densities in Lees Ferry, estimates of filtration capacity indicate they are unlikely to substantially alter the composition (e.g., nutrient concentrations, suspended organic matter concentrations) of water exported from Lees Ferry. Further, a moderate density of Dreissena within Lees Ferry may actually increase food available to fishes by increasing habitat complexity and stimulating benthic production. If Dreissena attain moderate densities in the CRE mainstem, which seems unlikely, ecological impacts will probably be comparable to Lees Ferry-an increase in benthic production. Dreissena may have ecological impacts on the CRE, if they become established in Lake Powell and substantially alter the composition of water released from Glen Canyon Dam; however, it is unclear whether changes in the composition of water released from Glen Canyon Dam will have a net positive or negative impact on food availability in the CRE mainstem. \r\n\r\nThe risk of Dreissena introduction to tributaries appears low. None of the tributaries have upstream lakes or reservoirs that could actually serve as a source population for Dreissena; reservoirs on the Little Colorado River may eventually support Dreissena, but they are far up in the watershed and the segment of river connecting them with the mainstem CRE is intermittent. If the CRE mainstem is colonized by Dreissena, there are no significant vectors for transporting them upstream into the tributaries. In addition, lethally high summer water temperatures make it unlikely that Dreissena will establish in many tributaries. \r\n\r\nLake Powell is a logical focus for management and research efforts, given that maintenance of Dreissena populations within the CRE will require an upriver source population and the uncertainty associated with the downstream impact of changes in Lake Powell water quality. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071085","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, T., 2007, A Dreissena Risk Assessment for the Colorado River Ecosystem (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1085, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071085.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9462,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4954e4b0b290850ef0e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":50227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70242044,"text":"70242044 - 2007 - Crust and lithospheric structure – Global crustal structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T12:22:00.397394","indexId":"70242044","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-05T07:20:36","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Crust and lithospheric structure – Global crustal structure","docAbstract":"

The Earth’s crust has played an important role in all aspects of this planet’s evolution. This chapter presents a review of our current understanding of the physical properties of the crust on a global basis. This understanding comes from extensive seismic measurements using many techniques, as well as nonseismic geophysics, including gravity, magnetic, geoelectric, and heat flow measurements. Seismic measurements include those that employ active (man-made) sources and those that use passive (naturally occurring) sources. Deep seismic reflection profiles provide a seismic image of the crust in twodimensions with a high (50–100m) resolution. Local earthquake tomography can provide three-dimensional (3-D) seismic images at moderate (500–1000m) resolution and higher, depending on the number and spacing of seismographs. Nonseismic methods provide estimates of crustal density, magnetic properties, conductivity and geotherms (temperature vs depth). The crust in deep ocean basins is 6–7km thick and has a relatively uniform seismic velocity structure, but there are numerous oceanic regions with anomalous crustal structure, including mid-ocean ridges, trenches, volcanic islands, and oceanic plateaux. Ocean–continent passive margins are also highly variable in structure, and may be classified as volcanic versus nonvolcanic margins. Continental crust ranges in thickness from 16 to 80km, and has a highly variable seismic velocity and density structure. The proportions of continental crust, by area, are 69% shield and platform (cratons), 15% old and young orogens, 9% extended (stretched) crust, 6 % magmatic arc, and 1% rifts. The weighted mean continental crustal thickness and average crustal velocity are 41km (SD 6.2km) and 6.45kms−1 (SD 0.21kms−1), respectively. A global geographic distribution of seismic data has made it possible to create global crustal models with cell sizes as small as 2°×2°. These models provide a complete description of seismic velocities and density within the crust and uppermost mantle, including, where present, ice, water, and sedimentary layers and the crystalline crust (parameterized in three layers, upper, middle and lower crust), and sub-Moho properties. The crust is the most intensely studied region of the Earth’s interior and consequently is the best understood in terms of its structure, composition, and evolution. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-044452748-6.00011-0","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., 2007, Crust and lithospheric structure – Global crustal structure, chap. of Treatise on Geophysics, v. 1, p. 361-417, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044452748-6.00011-0.","productDescription":"57 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"417","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70242002,"text":"70242002 - 2007 - Beating effect identified from seismic responses of instrumented buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T11:23:21.937224","indexId":"70242002","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T06:20:48","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Beating effect identified from seismic responses of instrumented buildings","docAbstract":"

Beating effects observed in the recorded responses of buildings are examined in this paper. Beating is a periodic, resonating and prolonged vibrational behavior caused by distinctive close coupling of translational and torsional modes of a lightly damped structure. Repetitively stored potential energy during the coupled translational and torsional deformations turns into repetitive vibrational energy causing the ensuing prolonged motions. Beating, if a dominant response characteristic, may impact the instantaneous and long-term shaking performances of the buildings during earthquakes. In many cases, it is noted that resonance caused by site effects also contributes to accentuating the beating effect. Records from the buildings exhibit structural responses with beating effects. Spectral analyses and system identification techniques are used to quantify dynamic characteristics used in computing beating periods. The beat frequency generally known in acoustical physics is denoted by the absolute value of the differences in frequencies that cause the phenomenon. Engineering implications of the beating may be summarized as (a) prolonged cyclic shaking due to beating effect may take its toll on the structural system, (b) repetitive shaking can accentuate fatigue and low-cycle fatigue, and (c) resonating beating cycles can and do cause discomfort to occupants. Identification of beating effects is the key to find remedial action in modification of dynamic characteristics in order to attenuate or eliminate such effects.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Horizons and Better Practices","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Structures Congress 2007","conferenceDate":"May 16-19, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, California","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE Library","doi":"10.1061/40946(248)14","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., 2007, Beating effect identified from seismic responses of instrumented buildings, in New Horizons and Better Practices, Long Beach, California, May 16-19, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1061/40946(248)14.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":868492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79759,"text":"sir20065300 - 2007 - Characterization of habitat and biological communities at fixed sites in the Great Salt Lake basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, water years 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T19:55:29","indexId":"sir20065300","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5300","title":"Characterization of habitat and biological communities at fixed sites in the Great Salt Lake basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, water years 1999-2001","docAbstract":"

Habitat and biological communities were sampled at 10 sites in the Great Salt Lake Basins as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment program to assess the occurrence and distribution of biological organisms in relation to environmental conditions. Sites were distributed among the Bear River, Weber River, and Utah Lake/Jordan River basins and were selected to represent stream conditions in different land-use settings that are prominent within the basins, including agriculture, rangeland, urban, and forested.

High-gradient streams had more diverse habitat conditions with larger substrates and more dynamic flow characteristics and were typically lower in discharge than low-gradient streams, which had a higher degree of siltation and lacked variability in geomorphic channel characteristics, which may account for differences in habitat. Habitat scores were higher at high-gradient sites with high percentages of forested land use within their basins. Sources and causes of stream habitat impairment included effects from channel modifications, siltation, and riparian land use. Effects of hydrologic modifications were evident at many sites.

Algal sites where colder temperatures, less nutrient enrichment, and forest and rangeland uses dominated the basins contained communities that were more sensitive to organic pollution, siltation, dissolved oxygen, and salinity than sites that were warmer, had higher degrees of nutrient enrichment, and were affected by agriculture and urban land uses. Sites that had high inputs of solar radiation and generally were associated with agricultural land use supported the greatest number of algal species.

Invertebrate samples collected from sites where riffles were the richest-targeted habitat differed in species composition and pollution tolerance from those collected at sites that did not have riffle habitat (nonriffle sites), where samples were collected in depositional areas, woody snags, or macrophyte beds. Invertebrate taxa richness, pollution tolerance, and trophic interactions at riffle and nonriffle sites responded differently to environmental variables.

Fish communities were assessed in relation to the designated beneficial use for aquatic life for each site. Fish-community sites in basins where agriculture and urbanization were prevalent consistently had poorer conditions than sites with forest and rangeland uses. Warm temperatures appear to be limiting most native fish species, and more introduced, warm-water fish species were present at sites with warmer temperatures. Ranges of environmental conditions where native species were present or absent were identified.

The farthest-upstream site in each of the three basins had better ecological condition overall, as indicated by the integrity of habitat and the presence of more sensitive algae, invertebrate, and fish species than were observed at sites downstream. The farthest-downstream site in each of the three basins showed the poorest ecological condition, with more tolerant organisms present, degraded habitat and water-quality conditions, and a high degree of effects from agriculture, grazing, and urbanization. Of the mid-basin sites, the site most affected by urbanization had more degraded biological condition than the agricultural indicator site of similar basin size.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065300","usgsCitation":"Albano, C., and Giddings, E.M., 2007, Characterization of habitat and biological communities at fixed sites in the Great Salt Lake basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, water years 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5300, x, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065300.","productDescription":"x, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"95","temporalStart":"1998-10-01","temporalEnd":"2001-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9434,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5300/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -111.324462890625,\n 40.019201307686785\n ],\n [\n -111.302490234375,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -110.50048828124999,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -110.55541992187499,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -111.77490234375,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -112.412109375,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -112.510986328125,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -112.12646484375,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albano, Christine M.","contributorId":17681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albano","given":"Christine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giddings, Elise M. P.","contributorId":55819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79757,"text":"tm5A9 - 2007 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of dissolved isoxaflutole and its sequential degradation products, diketonitrile and benzoic acid, in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:40:20","indexId":"tm5A9","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-A9","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of dissolved isoxaflutole and its sequential degradation products, diketonitrile and benzoic acid, in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"An analytical method for the determination of isoxaflutole and its sequential degradation products, diketonitrile and a benzoic acid analogue, in filtered water with varying matrices was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group in Lawrence, Kansas. Four different water-sample matrices fortified at 0.02 and 0.10 ug/L (micrograms per liter) are extracted by vacuum manifold solid-phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in negative-ion mode with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). Analytical conditions for mass spectrometry detection are optimized, and quantitation is carried out using the following MRM molecular-hydrogen (precursor) ion and product (p) ion transition pairs: 357.9 (precursor), 78.9 (p), and 277.6 (p) for isoxaflutole and diketonitrile, and 267.0 (precursor), 159.0 (p), and 223.1 (p) for benzoic acid. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-d3 is used as the internal standard, and alachlor ethanesulfonic acid-d5 is used as the surrogate standard.\r\n\r\nCompound detection limits and reporting levels are calculated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency procedures. The mean solid-phase extraction recovery values ranged from 104 to 108 percent with relative standard deviation percentages ranging from 4.0 to 10.6 percent. The combined mean percentage concentration normalized to the theoretical spiked concentration of four water matrices analyzed eight times at 0.02 and 0.10 ug/L (seven times for the reagent-water matrix at 0.02 ug/L) ranged from approximately 75 to 101 percent with relative standard deviation percentages ranging from approximately 3 to 26 percent for isoxaflutole, diketonitrile, and benzoic acid. The method detection limit (MDL) for isoxaflutole and diketonitrile is 0.003 ug/L and 0.004 ug/L for benzoic acid. Method reporting levels (MRLs) are 0.011, 0.010, and 0.012 ug/L for isoxaflutole, diketonitrile, and benzoic acid, respectively. On the basis of the calculated MRLs and MDLs and evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratios for each compound, the MRLs and MDLs are set at 0.010 and 0.003 ug/L, respectively, for all three compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm5A9","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M.T., Lee, E., and Scribner, E.A., 2007, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of dissolved isoxaflutole and its sequential degradation products, diketonitrile and benzoic acid, in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-A9, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5A9.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_a9.jpg"},{"id":9432,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2007/tm5a9/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62baf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Edward A.","contributorId":47475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Edward A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scribner, Elisabeth A.","contributorId":80265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79760,"text":"sir20065302 - 2007 - Application of a Two-Dimensional Reservoir Water-Quality Model of Beaver Lake, Arkansas, for the Evaluation of Simulated Changes in Input Water Quality, 2001-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"sir20065302","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5302","title":"Application of a Two-Dimensional Reservoir Water-Quality Model of Beaver Lake, Arkansas, for the Evaluation of Simulated Changes in Input Water Quality, 2001-2003","docAbstract":"Beaver Lake is considered a primary watershed of concern in the State of Arkansas. As such, information is needed to assess water quality, especially nutrient enrichment, nutrient-algal relations, turbidity, and sediment issues within the system. A previously calibrated two-dimensional, laterally averaged model of hydrodynamics and water quality was used for the evaluation of changes in input nutrient and sediment concentrations on the water quality of the reservoir for the period of April 2001 to April 2003. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were increased and decreased and tested independently and simultaneously to examine the nutrient concentrations and algal response in the reservoir. Suspended-solids concentrations were increased and decreased to identify how solids are distributed in the reservoir, which can contribute to decreased water clarity. The Beaver Lake model also was evaluated using a conservative tracer. A conservative tracer was applied at various locations in the reservoir model to observe the fate and transport and how the reservoir might react to the introduction of a conservative substance, or a worst-case spill scenario. In particular, tracer concentrations were evaluated at the locations of the four public water-supply intakes in Beaver Lake. \r\n\r\nNutrient concentrations in Beaver Lake increased proportionally with increases in loads from the three main tributaries. An increase of 10 times the calibrated daily input nitrogen and phosphorus in the three main tributaries resulted in daily mean total nitrogen concentrations in the epilimnion that were nearly 4 times greater than the calibration concentrations at site L2 and more than 2 times greater than the calibrated concentrations at site L5. Increases in daily input nitrogen in the three main tributaries independently did not correspond in substantial increases in concentrations of nitrogen in Beaver Lake. \r\n\r\nThe greatest proportional increase in phosphorus occurred in the epilimnion at sites L3 and L4 and the least increase occurred at sites L2 and L5 when calibrated daily input phosphorus concentrations were increased. When orthophosphorus was increased in all three tributaries simultaneously by a factor of 10, daily mean orthophosphorus concentrations in the epilimnion of the reservoir were almost 11 times greater than the calibrated concentrations at sites L2 and L5, and 15 times greater in the epilimnion of the reservoir at sites L3 and L4. Phosphorus concentrations in Beaver Lake increased less when nitrogen and phosphorus were increased simultaneously than when phosphorus was increased independently. \r\n\r\nThe greatest simulated increase in algal biomass (represented as chlorophyll a) occurred when nitrogen and phosphorus were increased simultaneously in the three main tributaries. On average, the chlorophyll a values only increased less than 1 microgram per liter when concentrations of nitrogen or phosphorous were increased independently by a factor of 10 at all three tributaries. In comparison, when nitrogen and phosphorus were increased simultaneously by a factor of 10 for all three tributaries, the chlorophyll a concentration increased by about 10 micrograms per liter on average, with a maximum increase of about 57 micrograms per liter in the epilimnion at site L3 in Beaver Lake. Changes in algal biomass with changes in input nitrogen and phosphorus were variable through time in the Beaver Lake model from April 2001 to April 2003. When calibrated daily input nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were increased simultaneously for the three main tributaries, the increase in chlorophyll a concentration was the greatest in late spring and summer of 2002. \r\n\r\nChanges in calibrated daily input inorganic suspended solids concentrations were examined because of the effect they may have on water clarity in Beaver Lake. The increase in total suspended solids was greatest in the hypolimnion at the upstream end of Beaver Lake, and negligible changes","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065302","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., and Green, W.R., 2007, Application of a Two-Dimensional Reservoir Water-Quality Model of Beaver Lake, Arkansas, for the Evaluation of Simulated Changes in Input Water Quality, 2001-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5302, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065302.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","temporalStart":"2001-04-01","temporalEnd":"2003-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5302.jpg"},{"id":9435,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79749,"text":"ofr20071080 - 2007 - Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T10:34:42","indexId":"ofr20071080","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1080","displayTitle":"Streamflow and Nutrient Fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and Subbasins for the Period of Record Through 2005","title":"Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey has monitored streamflow and water quality systematically in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) for more than five decades. This report provides streamflow and estimates of nutrient delivery (flux) to the Gulf of Mexico from both the Atchafalaya River and the main stem of the Mississippi River. This report provides streamflow and nutrient flux estimates for nine major subbasins of the Mississippi River. This report also provides streamflow and flux estimates for 21 selected subbasins of various sizes, hydrology, land use, and geographic location within the Basin. The information is provided at each station for the period for which sufficient water-quality data are available to make statistically based flux estimates (starting as early as water year1 1960 and going through water year 2005). Nutrient fluxes are estimated using the adjusted maximum likelihood estimate, a type of regression-model method; nutrient fluxes to the Gulf of Mexico also are estimated using the composite method. Regression models were calibrated using a 5-year moving calibration period; the model was used to estimate the last year of the calibration period. Nutrient flux estimates are provided for six water-quality constituents: dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, total organic nitrogen plus ammonia nitrogen (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), dissolved ammonia, total phosphorous, dissolved orthophosphate, and dissolved silica.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, the contribution of streamflow and net nutrient flux for five large subbasins comprising the MARB were determined from streamflow and nutrient fluxes from seven of the aforementioned major subbasins. These five large subbasins are: 1. Lower Mississippi, 2. Upper Mississippi, 3. Ohio/Tennessee, 4. Missouri, and 5. Arkansas/Red.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071080","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., Buxton, H.T., Battaglin, W.A., and Coupe, R.H., 2007, Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1080, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071080.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1959-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":443,"text":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Atchfalaya River Basin, Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 29.204918463909035\n ],\n [\n -89.813232421875,\n 29.204918463909035\n ],\n [\n -89.813232421875,\n 32.71797709835758\n ],\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 32.71797709835758\n ],\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 29.204918463909035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201459,"text":"70201459 - 2007 - Report on the final completion of the Unified Lunar Control Network 2005 and Lunar Topographic Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T13:49:49","indexId":"70201459","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-01T13:49:04","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Report on the final completion of the Unified Lunar Control Network 2005 and Lunar Topographic Model","docAbstract":"

In order to highlight this project to the extraterrestrial mapping community, we repeat here our earlier abstract [1], with a corrected Figure 2. A report describing the Unified Lunar Control Network 2005 and the files associated with that network is now available as an on-line USGS Open-File Report [2] at the location http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1367/. A “Readme” file describes the available files, including the report text, the original photogrammetric solution input and output files, derived files such as information on all the control point positions, the expected vertical precision (EVP) of the points and the solution residuals, and a directory containing global DEMs derived from the point positions. While a paper providing further details about the solution is in preparation, we provide some useful additional information about the solution and possible uses for it here.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISPRS Working Group IV/7 Extraterrestrial Mapping: Advances in Planetary Mapping 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ISPRS Working Group IV/7 Extraterrestrial Mapping","conferenceDate":"March 17, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Houston, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS)","usgsCitation":"Archinal, B.A., Rosiek, M.R., Kirk, R.L., Hare, T.M., and Redding, B.L., 2007, Report on the final completion of the Unified Lunar Control Network 2005 and Lunar Topographic Model, in ISPRS Working Group IV/7 Extraterrestrial Mapping: Advances in Planetary Mapping 2007, Houston, Texas, March 17, 2007, p. 2-5.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c137dd6e4b006c4f85148a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":754161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Redding, Bonnie L. 0000-0001-8178-1467 bredding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1467","contributorId":4798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"Bonnie","email":"bredding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179536,"text":"70179536 - 2007 - Developing methods to assess and predict the population and community level effects of environmental contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:50:58","indexId":"70179536","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing methods to assess and predict the population and community level effects of environmental contaminants","docAbstract":"

The field of ecological toxicity seems largely to have drifted away from what its title implies—assessing and predicting the ecological consequences of environmental contaminants—moving instead toward an emphasis on individual effects and physiologic case studies. This paper elucidates how a relatively new ecological methodology, interaction assessment (INTASS), could be useful in addressing the field's initial goals. Specifically, INTASS is a model platform and methodology, applicable across a broad array of taxa and habitat types, that can be used to construct population dynamics models from field data. Information on environmental contaminants and multiple stressors can be incorporated into these models in a form that bypasses the problems inherent in assessing uptake, chemical interactions in the environment, and synergistic effects in the organism. INTASS can, therefore, be used to evaluate the effects of contaminants and other stressors at the population level and to predict how changes in stressor levels or composition of contaminant mixtures, as well as various mitigation measures, might affect population dynamics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1897/IEAM_2005-080.1","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J.M., and Springman, K.R., 2007, Developing methods to assess and predict the population and community level effects of environmental contaminants: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 3, no. 2, p. 157-165, https://doi.org/10.1897/IEAM_2005-080.1.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"157","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1897/ieam_2005-080.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1833e4b0f5ce109fcb2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, John M.","contributorId":168812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springman, Kathrine R.","contributorId":177938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springman","given":"Kathrine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79745,"text":"sir20065271 - 2007 - Hydrogeology and Simulated Ground-Water Flow in the Salt Pond Region of Southern Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T14:20:40","indexId":"sir20065271","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5271","title":"Hydrogeology and Simulated Ground-Water Flow in the Salt Pond Region of Southern Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The Salt Pond region of southern Rhode Island extends from Westerly to Narragansett Bay and forms the natural boundary between the Atlantic Ocean and the shallow, highly permeable freshwater aquifer of the South Coastal Basin. Large inputs of fresh ground water coupled with the low flushing rates to the open ocean make the salt ponds particularly susceptible to eutrophication and bacterial contamination. Ground-water discharge to the salt ponds is an important though poorly quantified source of contaminants, such as dissolved nutrients. \r\n\r\nA ground-water-flow model was developed and used to delineate the watersheds to the salt ponds, including the areas that contribute ground water directly to the ponds and the areas that contribute ground water to streams that flow into ponds. The model also was used to calculate ground-water fluxes to these coastal areas for long-term average conditions. As part of the modeling analysis, adjustments were made to model input parameters to assess potential uncertainties in model-calculated watershed delineations and in ground-water discharge to the salt ponds. \r\n\r\nThe results of the simulations indicate that flow to the salt ponds is affected primarily by the ease with which water is transmitted through a glacial moraine deposit near the regional ground-water divide, and by the specified recharge rate used in the model simulations. The distribution of the total freshwater flow between direct ground-water discharge and ground-water-derived surface-water (streamflow) discharge to the salt ponds is affected primarily by simulated stream characteristics, including the streambed-aquifer connection and the stream stage. The simulated position of the ground-water divide and, therefore, the model-calculated watershed delineations for the salt ponds, were affected only by changes in the transmissivity of the glacial moraine.\r\n\r\nSelected changes in other simulated hydraulic parameters had substantial effects on total freshwater discharge and the distribution of direct ground-water discharge and ground-water-derived surface-water (streamflow) discharge to the salt ponds, but still provided a reasonable match to the hydrologic data available for model calibration. To reduce the uncertainty in predictions of watershed areas and ground-water discharge to the salt ponds, additional hydrogeologic data would be required to constrain the model input parameters that have the greatest effect on the simulation results.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065271","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Sorenson, J.R., Stone, J.R., Moran, S.B., and Hougham, A., 2007, Hydrogeology and Simulated Ground-Water Flow in the Salt Pond Region of Southern Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5271, viii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065271.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9418,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5271/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorenson, Jason R. 0000-0001-5553-8594 jsorenso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-8594","contributorId":3468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Jason","email":"jsorenso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, S. Bradley","contributorId":101339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hougham, Andrea","contributorId":81207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hougham","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79742,"text":"ofr20061116 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1946-2006 record of personnel in Antarctica and their postal cachets: U.S. Navy (1946-48, 1954-60), International Geophysical Year (1957-58), and USGS (1960-2006)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:43:15","indexId":"ofr20061116","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1116","title":"U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1946-2006 record of personnel in Antarctica and their postal cachets: U.S. Navy (1946-48, 1954-60), International Geophysical Year (1957-58), and USGS (1960-2006)","docAbstract":"

Antarctica, a vast region encompassing 13.2 million km2 (5.1 million mi2), is considered to be one of the most important scientific laboratories on Earth. During the past 60 years, the USGS, in collaboration and with logistical support from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs, has sent 325 USGS scientists to Antarctica to work on a wide range of projects: 169 personnel from the NMD (mostly aerial photography, surveying, and geodesy, primarily used for the modern mapping of Antarctica), 138 personnel from the GD (mostly geophysical and geological studies onshore and offshore), 15 personnel from the WRD (mostly hydrological/glaciological studies in the McMurdo Dry Valleys), 2 personnel from the BRD (microbiological studies in the McMurdo Dry Valleys), and 1 person from the Director's Office (P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director, 2005–06 austral field season). Three GD scientists and three NMD scientists have carried out field work in Antarctica 9 or more times: John C. Behrendt (15), who started in 1956–57 and published two memoirs (Behrendt, 1998, 2005), Arthur B. Ford (10), who started in 1960–61, and Gary D. Clow (9), who started in 1985–86; Larry D. Hothem (12), who began as a winter-over geodesist at Mawson Station in 1968–69, and Jerry L. Mullins (12), who started in 1982–83 and followed in the legendary footsteps of his NMD predecessor, William R. MacDonald (9), who started in 1960–61 and supervised the acquisition of more than 1,000,000 square miles of aerial photography of Antarctica. This report provides a record as complete as possible, of USGS and non-USGS collaborating personnel in Antarctica from 1946–2006, the geographic locations of their work, and their scientific/engineering disciplines represented. Postal cachets for each year follow the table of personnel and scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica during those 60 years.

\n
\n

To commemorate special events and projects in Antarctica, it became an international practice to create postal cachets. A cachet is defined as a seal, emblem, or commemorative design printed or stamped on an envelope to mark a philatelic or special event. All stamp collectors are familiar with engraved cachets on envelopes of \"First-Day-of-Issue\" stamps. For Antarctica, a stamped (inked) impression informs the scientist, historian, stamp collector, and general public about the multidisciplinary science projects staffed by USGS scientists and other specialists during a specific austral summer field season. Because philatelic cachets were created by team members for each USGS field season, in most cases depicting the specific areas and scientific objectives, the cachets have become a convenient documentation of the people, projects, and geographic places for that year. Because the cachets are representative of USGS activities, each year's cachet is included in that year's Open-File Report (1960–61 to 2005–06). Starting with the 1983–84 season, however, two USGS cachets were prepared for the next seven years, one for the winter team at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, until 1992–93, and the other for all other field sites. Multiple cachets were created by USGS divisional programs during the 1962–63, 1963–64, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1995–96, 2003–04, and the 2005–06 years.

\n
\n

This report includes facsimiles of each annual postal cachet (or postal cachets) designed by USGS graphic specialists and provides a record of USGS personnel (and non-USGS collaborating scientists) and their science division affiliation for each austral field season. In addition, cachets used by USGS personnel for U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), U.S. Navy Operation Windmill (1947–48), U.S. Navy U.S.S. Atka reconnaissance cruise (1954–55), U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze (DF) (I, 1955–56; II, 1956–57; III, 1957–58; IV, 1958–59; and DF 60, 1959–60), and the International Geophysical Year (1957–58) are included, because USGS scientists made use of these cachets when involved in each of the field activities during these austral field seasons.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Meunier, T.K., Williams, R.S., and Ferrigno, J.G., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1946-2006 record of personnel in Antarctica and their postal cachets: U.S. Navy (1946-48, 1954-60), International Geophysical Year (1957-58), and USGS (1960-2006): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1116, ii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061116.","productDescription":"ii, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061116.png"},{"id":293495,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1116/pdf/2006-1116.pdf"},{"id":9413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-85.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meunier, Tony K.","contributorId":52662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79736,"text":"sim2962 - 2007 - Land-Cover Change in the Southern Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada, 1940-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"sim2962","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2962","title":"Land-Cover Change in the Southern Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada, 1940-2002","docAbstract":"The Lake Tahoe basin has been subject to significant landscape-altering human activity since the mid-1850s; in particular, widespread timber harvest from the 1850s to 1920s and urban development from the 1950s to the present. The consequences of changes such as impacted water quality, degraded biotic communities, and increased fire hazard resulting from modern activity have prompted rising levels of concern for the ecological integrity of the region. The goal of this project is to map, quantify, and describe the spatial and temporal distribution and variability of historical changes in land use and land cover in the southern Lake Tahoe basin for the period from 1940 to 2002 in an effort to establish an understanding of regional landscape change. \r\n\r\nThis map shows areas of land-use/land-cover change in a 279-km2 portion of the Lake Tahoe basin identified using change-detection analysis of multitemporal land-use/land-cover datasets for four dates (1940, 1969, 1987, and 2002), which yielded three periods for analysis. Land use/land cover was mapped using manual (visual) interpretation techniques in a geographic information system (GIS) from multiple imagery sources: black-and-white digital orthophotos for 1940 and 1969, natural-color digital orthophotos for 1987, and IKONOS multispectral satellite imagery for 2002. The landscape was classified using a 0.4-hectare (1-acre) minimum mapping unit and a hierarchical classification system. Impervious-surface data was derived directly from the 2002 IKONOS imagery on a per-pixel basis using digital image processing and GIS data integration. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2962","usgsCitation":"Raumann, C.G., 2007, Land-Cover Change in the Southern Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada, 1940-2002 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2962, Map: 32 x 49 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2962.","productDescription":"Map: 32 x 49 in","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110716,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81077.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81077"},{"id":191990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9407,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2962/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"27000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.2,38.5 ], [ -120.2,39 ], [ -119.5,39 ], [ -119.5,38.5 ], [ -120.2,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raumann, Christian G.","contributorId":65893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raumann","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70201463,"text":"70201463 - 2007 - Resolution effects in radarclinometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T15:04:48","indexId":"70201463","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-30T15:02:11","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Resolution effects in radarclinometry","docAbstract":"

Data from the Cassini-Huygens mission, in particular images from the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper (RADAR) have revealed Saturn's giant moon, Titan to be a world whose geologic diversity and complexity approach those of the Earth itself. Estimates of topographic relief are, naturally, of enormous interest in the effort to understand the nature of Titan's surface features and quantify the processes by which they formed. Such data are available from a variety of sources, including altimetry and, increasingly, stereo imaging by the RADAR, but radarclinometry (radar shape-from-shading) has received considerable attention because it provides the highest resolution topographic measurements and can be applied to single images, wherever topographic shading dominates intrinsic variations in radar backscattering strength.

In this abstract, we attempt to explain the surprising result that the majority of topographic measurements of Titan by radarclinometry appear to be asymmetric: slopes facing the RADAR instrument tend to be really extensive but shallow, whereas slopes facing away are limited in area but relatively steep. We describe how this is a natural consequence of the inability of the instrument to resolve the foreshortened facing slopes, causing them to be over-represented (by area, but underestimated in magnitude) when we attempt to reconstruct the surface from the image. We quantify this effect by constructing models of the imaging and reconstruction of idealized symmetrical mountains, and show that the magnitudes of slopes facing away from the instrument are estimated relatively accurately. As a result, height estimates from radarclinometry can be at least approximately corrected for the effects of limited resolution. This result is of obvious geoscientific significance for Titan: it indicates that some mountainous areas approach 2 km in local relief. Our modeling should also be useful to the interpretation of radarclinometric models of features at the limit of  resolution in other SAR images, such as Magellan data for Venus, as well as current earth-based and planned orbital imaging of the Moon.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISPRS Working Group IV/7: Extraterrestrial Mapping Workshop: Advances in Planetary Mapping 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ISPRS Working Group IV/7: Extraterrestrial Mapping Workshop","conferenceDate":"March 17, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Houston, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., and Radebaugh, J., 2007, Resolution effects in radarclinometry, in ISPRS Working Group IV/7: Extraterrestrial Mapping Workshop: Advances in Planetary Mapping 2007, Houston, Texas, March 17, 2007, p. 36-38.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c137dd6e4b006c4f85148b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201460,"text":"70201460 - 2007 - The HRSC DTM test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T16:33:49","indexId":"70201460","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-30T14:31:39","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The HRSC DTM test","docAbstract":"

The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC, [1]) is part of the orbiter payload on the Mars Express (MEX) mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), orbiting the Red Planet in a highly elliptical orbit since January 2004. For the first time in planetary exploration, a camera system has especially been designed to meet the requirements of photogrammetry and cartography for mapping the complete surface of a planet [2]. For this purpose HRSC operates as a push broom scanning instrument with 9 CCD line detectors mounted in parallel in the focal plane of the camera. Data acquisition is achieved by five panchromatic channels under different observation angles and four colour channels. At periapsis the ground resolution of the nadir channel amounts to 12.5 m, the stereo channels are typically operated at a 2x coarser resolution with the two photometry and the four colour channels at 4x or 8x coarser resolution. The data provided by HRSC are well suited for the automatic generation of Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and other 3D data products. Such products are of vital interest to planetary sciences. As the Mars Express mission has recently been extended the prospects for a complete topographic mapping of Mars by HRSC at very high resolution are very good, indeed.


Image matching is well researched and has been documented in the literature. In general, it is agreed that in simple terrain and with adequate image acquisition geometry very good results can be achieved by totally automated approaches. Things start to be much more complicated if more complex situations are faced, such as steep terrain, height discontinuities, occlusions, poor texture, shadows, atmospheric dust, clouds, increased image noise, compression artefacts etc., some of which are commonplace in HRSC images.

Nevertheless, automatic DTM generation from HRSC images by means of image matching has reached a very high level over the years. The systematic processing chain at DLR for producing preliminary DTMs with 200 m resolution [3] runs well and stable. In addition, several groups are able to produce DTMs using different approaches, or have developed alternative modules for parts of the DTM generation process [2]. Also, a few groups have been developing shape-from-shading techniques which have reached pre-operational efficiency.


It is against this background that the desire was expressed to compare the individual approaches for deriving DTMs from HRSC images in order to assess their advantages and disadvantages. Based on carefully chosen test sites the test participants have produced DTMs which have been subsequently analysed in a quantitative and a qualitative manner. This paper reports on the results obtained in this test, more details can be found in [4].

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISPRS Working Group IV/7: Extraterrestrial Mapping: Advances in Planetary Mapping 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ISPRS Working Group IV/7: Extraterrestrial Mapping Workshop","conferenceDate":"March 17, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Houston, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Heipke, C., Oberst, J., Albertz, J., Attwenger, M., Dorninger, P., Dorrer, E., Ewe, M., Gehrke, S., Gwinner, K., Hirschmuller, H., Kim, J., Kirk, R.L., Mayer, H., Muller, J., Rengarajan, R., Rentsch, M., Schmidt, R., Scholten, F., Shan, J., Spiegel, M., Wahlisch, M., Neukum, G., and HRSC Co-Investigator Team, 2007, The HRSC DTM test, in ISPRS Working Group IV/7: Extraterrestrial Mapping: Advances in Planetary Mapping 2007, Houston, Texas, March 17, 2007, p. 29-31.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"31","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c137dd6e4b006c4f85148b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heipke, Christian","contributorId":211328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heipke","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberst, Jurgen","contributorId":147983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberst","given":"Jurgen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albertz, Jeorg","contributorId":211330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albertz","given":"Jeorg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Attwenger, Maria","contributorId":211331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Attwenger","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dorninger, Peter","contributorId":211333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorninger","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorrer, Egon","contributorId":211334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorrer","given":"Egon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ewe, M.","contributorId":20974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewe","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gehrke, Stephan","contributorId":211336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehrke","given":"Stephan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gwinner, Klaus","contributorId":211338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwinner","given":"Klaus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hirschmuller, H.","contributorId":26881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirschmuller","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kim, J.R.","contributorId":77363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mayer, H.","contributorId":108255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Muller, Jan-Peter","contributorId":26882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Jan-Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Rengarajan, Rajagopalan 0000-0003-1860-7110 rrengarajan@contractor.usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-7110","contributorId":192376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengarajan","given":"Rajagopalan","email":"rrengarajan@contractor.usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":754179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rentsch, M.","contributorId":81312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rentsch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schmidt, R.","contributorId":38777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Scholten, Frank","contributorId":211346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scholten","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Shan, J.","contributorId":33532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Spiegel, Michael","contributorId":211347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiegel","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wahlisch, M.","contributorId":62831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahlisch","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Neukum, Gerhard","contributorId":211350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neukum","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"HRSC Co-Investigator Team","contributorId":211470,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"HRSC Co-Investigator Team","id":754187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":79733,"text":"sir20075030 - 2007 - Simulated Ground-Water Withdrawals by Cabot WaterWorks from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, Lonoke County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:19","indexId":"sir20075030","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5030","title":"Simulated Ground-Water Withdrawals by Cabot WaterWorks from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, Lonoke County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"Cabot WaterWorks, located in Lonoke County, Arkansas, plans to increase ground-water withdrawals from the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer from a 2004 rate of approximately 2.24 million gallons per day to between 4.8 and 8 million gallons per day by the end of 2049. The effects of increased pumping from several wells were simulated using a digital model of ground-water flow. The proposed additional withdrawals by Cabot WaterWorks were specified in three 1-square-mile model cells with increased pumping beginning in 2007. Increased pumping was specified at various combined rates for a period of 44 years. In addition, augmented pumping from wells owned by Grand Prairie Water Users Association, located about 2 miles from the nearest Cabot WaterWorks wells, was added to the model beginning in 2007 and continuing through to the end of 2049 in 10 of the 16 scenarios analyzed. Eight of the scenarios included reductions in pumping rates in model cells corresponding to either the Grand Prairie Water Users Association wells or to wells contained within the Grand Prairie Area Demonstration Project. \r\n\r\nDrawdown at the end of 44 years of pumping at 4.8 million gallons per day from the Cabot WaterWorks wells ranged from 15 to 25 feet in the three model cells; pumping at 8 million gallons per day resulted in water-level drawdown ranging from about 15 to 40 feet. Water levels in those cells showed no indication of leveling out at the end of the simulation period, indicating non-steady-state conditions after 44 years of pumping. From one to four new dry cells occurred in each of the scenarios by the end of 2049 when compared to a baseline scenario in which pumping was maintained at 2004 rates, even in scenarios with reduced pumping in the Grand Prairie Area Demonstration Project; however, reduced pumping produced cells that were no longer dry when compared to the baseline scenario at the end of 2049. Saturated thickness at the end of 2049 in the three Cabot WaterWorks wells ranged from about 52 to 68.5 feet for pumping rates of 4.8 million gallons per day, and from about 38 to 64 feet for pumping rates of 8 million gallons per day, the latter causing water level to fall below half the aquifer thickness in the most heavily pumped of the three cells.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20075030","collaboration":"In cooperation with Cabot WaterWorks","usgsCitation":"Czarnecki, J.B., 2007, Simulated Ground-Water Withdrawals by Cabot WaterWorks from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, Lonoke County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5030, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075030.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9401,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5030.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b416f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czarnecki, John B. jczarnec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"John","email":"jczarnec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79728,"text":"ofr20071068 - 2007 - Seismic Shear Wave Reflection Imaging at the Former Fort Ord, Monterey, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"ofr20071068","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1068","title":"Seismic Shear Wave Reflection Imaging at the Former Fort Ord, Monterey, California","docAbstract":"At the former Fort Ord in Monterey County, California, contamination threatens an aquifer that provides drinking water for local communities. Assessment and remediation require accurate hydrological modeling, which in turn require a thorough understanding of aquifer stratigraphy. In order to help guide remediation efforts at the site, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, has undertaken seismic reflection surveys, testing compressional (P) and horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves. Sledgehammer-source SH data show reflections from interfaces up to approximately 60 m deep, which correspond with the major boundaries between aquifers and aquitards. In contrast, P-wave data show only the reflection from the water table at approximately 30 m depth. We collected SH data along two transects and processed these data to produce reflection images. The interpreted SH-wave images agree with available well information, constrain the geology for ground-water models, and provide guidance for future geophysical studies. These favorable results demonstrate the effectiveness of SH reflection methods for imaging unconsolidated aquifer layers at the former Fort Ord and at other sites with similar geologic conditions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071068","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Burton, B., and Hunter, L.E., 2007, Seismic Shear Wave Reflection Imaging at the Former Fort Ord, Monterey, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1068, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071068.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9395,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, Lewis E.","contributorId":79568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209279,"text":"ofr20071203 - 2007 - Synthesis of age data and chronology for Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay cores collected for ecosystem history of South Florida’s estuaries project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:28:11.348765","indexId":"ofr20071203","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-26T19:03:53","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1203","displayTitle":"Synthesis of Age Data and Chronology for Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay Cores Collected for Ecosystem History of South Florida’s Estuaries Projects","title":"Synthesis of age data and chronology for Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay cores collected for ecosystem history of South Florida’s estuaries project","docAbstract":"

210Pb, 14C, and pollen biostratigraphic data have been compiled and synthesized to develop age models for cores collected from Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay. These cores are being used to interpret the ecosystem history of south Florida’s estuaries by examining the physical, chemical, and biological record preserved within the cores. The beginning of the 20th century, which marks an important turning point for the natural vs. anthropogenically influenced ecosystem, has been identified based on at least two data points in ten cores. 210Pb data alone are presented for an additional 38 cores. Age models for older sediments have been developed for seven cores. Comparison of pre-1900 and post-1900 records allows researchers to compare natural ecosystem changes to anthropogenic change.

General patterns of sedimentation rates in Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay emerge from the data. Mid-bay mudbanks in both bays show more rapid rates of sedimentation, fewer signs of sediment disruption, and more internal consistency of sediments than cores located closer to shore. Nearshore cores indicate slower average rates of sedimentation, more disruption in the sedimentary sequences, and more indications of “old” carbon effects. Cores in close proximity to each other generally show very similar patterns of deposition, which indicates support for the age models.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071203","productDescription":"iii, 120 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1203/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373561,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1203/ofr20071203.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2007-1203"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Southern Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

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","publishedDate":"2007-03-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudley, J.W.","contributorId":18872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudley","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":56576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marot, M.","contributorId":67601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79717,"text":"sir20065213 - 2007 - A Precipitation-Runoff Model for the Blackstone River Basin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20065213","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5213","title":"A Precipitation-Runoff Model for the Blackstone River Basin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island","docAbstract":"A Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) precipitation-runoff model of the Blackstone River Basin was developed and calibrated to study the effects of changing land- and water-use patterns on water resources. The 474.5 mi2 Blackstone River Basin in southeastern Massachusetts and northern Rhode Island is experiencing rapid population and commercial growth throughout much of its area. This growth and the corresponding changes in land-use patterns are increasing stress on water resources and raising concerns about the future availability of water to meet residential and commercial needs. Increased withdrawals and wastewater-return flows also could adversely affect aquatic habitat, water quality, and the recreational value of the streams in the basin. \r\n\r\nThe Blackstone River Basin was represented by 19 hydrologic response units (HRUs): 17 types of pervious areas (PERLNDs) established from combinations of surficial geology, land-use categories, and the distribution of public water and public sewer systems, and two types of impervious areas (IMPLNDs). Wetlands were combined with open water and simulated as stream reaches that receive runoff from surrounding pervious and impervious areas. This approach was taken to achieve greater flexibility in calibrating evapotranspiration losses from wetlands during the growing season. The basin was segmented into 50 reaches (RCHRES) to represent junctions at tributaries, major lakes and reservoirs, and drainage areas to streamflow-gaging stations. Climatological, streamflow, water-withdrawal, and wastewater-return data were collected during the study to develop the HSPF model. Climatological data collected at Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester, Massachusetts and T.F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island, were used for model calibration. A total of 15 streamflow-gaging stations were used in the calibration. Streamflow was measured at eight continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations that are part of the U.S. Geological Survey cooperative streamflow-gaging network, and at seven partial-record stations installed in 2004 for this study. Because the model-calibration period preceded data collection at the partial-record stations, a continuous streamflow record was estimated at these stations by correlation with flows at nearby continuous-record stations to provide additional streamflow data for model calibration. Water-use information was compiled for 1996-2001 and included municipal and commercial/industrial withdrawals, private residential withdrawals, golf-course withdrawals, municipal wastewater-return flows, and on-site septic effluent return flows. Streamflow depletion was computed for all time-varying ground-water withdrawals prior to simulation. Water-use data were included in the model to represent the net effect of water use on simulated hydrographs. Consequently, the calibrated values of the hydrologic parameters better represent the hydrologic response of the basin to precipitation. \r\n\r\nThe model was calibrated for 1997-2001 to coincide with the land-use and water-use data compiled for the study. Four long-term stations (Nipmuc River near Harrisville, Rhode Island; Quinsigamond River at North Grafton, Massachusetts; Branch River at Forestdale, Rhode Island; and Blackstone River at Woonsocket, Rhode Island) that monitor flow at 3.3, 5.4, 19, and 88 percent of the total basin area, respectively, provided the primary model-calibration points. Hydrographs, scatter plots, and flow-duration curves of observed and simulated discharges, along with various model-fit statistics, indicated that the model performed well over a range of hydrologic conditions. For example, the total runoff volume for the calibration period simulated at the Nipmuc River near Harrisville, Rhode Island; Quinsigamond River at North Grafton, Massachusetts; Branch River at Forestdale, Rhode Island; and Blackstone River at Woonsocket, Rhode Island streamflow-gaging stations differed from the observed runoff v","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Barbaro, J.R., and Zarriello, P.J., 2007, A Precipitation-Runoff Model for the Blackstone River Basin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5213, x, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065213.","productDescription":"x, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9373,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4963e4b0b290850ef1e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79723,"text":"sir20065283 - 2007 - Ground-Water Nutrient Flux to Coastal Waters and Numerical Simulation of Wastewater Injection at Kihei, Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20065283","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5283","title":"Ground-Water Nutrient Flux to Coastal Waters and Numerical Simulation of Wastewater Injection at Kihei, Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Water sampling and numerical modeling were used to estimate ground-water nutrient fluxes in the Kihei area of Maui, where growth of macroalgae (seaweed) on coral reefs raises ecologic concerns and accumulation on beaches has caused odor and removal problems. Fluxes and model results are highly approximate, first-order estimates because very few wells were sampled and there are few field data to constrain model calibration. Ground-water recharge was estimated to be 22.6 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) within a 73-square-mile area having a coastline length of 8 miles or 13 km (kilometers). Nearly all of the recharge discharges at the coast because ground-water withdrawals are small. Another 3.0 Mgal/d of tertiary-treated wastewater effluent is injected into the regional aquifer at a County treatment plant midway along the coast and about a mile from shore. The injection plume is 0.93 miles wide (1.5 km) at the shore, as estimated from a three-dimensional numerical ground-water model. Wastewater injected beneath the brackish ground-water lens rises buoyantly and spreads out at the top of the lens, diverting and mixing with ambient ground water. Ground water discharging from the core of the injection plume is less than 5 years old and is about 60 percent effluent at the shore, according to the model. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in treated effluent were 7.33 and 1.72 milligrams per liter, roughly 6 and 26 times background concentrations at an upgradient well. Background nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes carried by ground water are 7.7 and 0.44 kg/d-km (kilograms per day per kilometer of coast). Injected wastewater fluxes distributed across the plume width are 55 and 13 kg/d-km nitrogen and phosphorus, roughly 7 and 30 times background flux. However, not all of the injected load reaches coastal waters because nutrients are naturally attenuated in the oxygen-depleted effluent plume. Water from a downgradient well reflects this attenuation and provides a more conservative estimate of injection flux approaching the shore: 27 and 1.5 kg/d-km nitrogen and phosphorus, roughly one-half and one-ninth the injection-source estimates, and 3.5 and 3.4 times background flux. Effluent has 8 O and 2 H stable-isotope signatures that are distinct from local ground water, as well as 15 N and 11 B signatures diagnostic of domestic waste and laundry detergents, respectively. Pharmaceuticals and organic wastewater compounds also were present in effluent and the downgradient well. These isotopes and chemicals served as wastewater tracers in Kihei ground water and may be useful tracers in nearshore marine waters and aquifers elsewhere in Hawaii.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20065283","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Hunt, C.D., 2007, Ground-Water Nutrient Flux to Coastal Waters and Numerical Simulation of Wastewater Injection at Kihei, Maui, Hawaii (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5283, xiv, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065283.","productDescription":"xiv, 69 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9387,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5283/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Charles D. Jr. cdhunt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cdhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79712,"text":"ds250 - 2007 - Modal Composition and Age of Intrusions in North-Central and Northeast Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ds250","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"250","title":"Modal Composition and Age of Intrusions in North-Central and Northeast Nevada","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nData presented in this report characterize igneous intrusions of north-central and northeast Nevada and were compiled as part of the Metallogeny of the Great Basin project conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) between 2001 and 2007. The compilation pertains to the area bounded by lats 38.5 and 42 N., long 118.5 W., and the Nevada-Utah border (fig. 1). The area contains numerous large plutons and smaller stocks but also contains equally numerous smaller, shallowly emplaced intrusions, including dikes, sills, and endogenous dome complexes. Igneous intrusions (hereafter, intrusions) of multiple ages are major constituents of the geologic framework of north-central and northeast Nevada (Stewart and Carlson, 1978). Mesozoic and Cenozoic intrusions are particularly numerous and considered to be related to subduction along the west edge of the North American plate during this time.\r\n\r\nHenry and Ressel (2000) and Ressel and others (2000) have highlighted the association between magmatism and ore deposits along the Carlin trend. Similarly, Theodore (2000) has demonstrated the association between intrusions and ore deposits in the Battle Mountain area. Decades of geologic investigations in north-central and northeast Nevada (hereafter, the study area) demonstrate that most hydrothermal ore deposits are spatially, and probably temporally and genetically, associated with intrusions. Because of these associations, studies of many individual intrusions have been conducted, including those by a large number of Master's and Doctoral thesis students (particularly University of Nevada at Reno students and associated faculty), economic geologists working on behalf of exploration and mining companies, and USGS earth scientists. Although the volume of study area intrusions is large and many are associated with ore deposits, no synthesis of available data that characterize these rocks has been assembled.\r\n\r\nCompilations that have been produced for intrusions in Nevada pertain to relatively restricted geographic areas and (or) do not include the broad array of data that would best aid interpretation of these rocks. For example, Smith and others (1971) presented potassium-argon geochronologic and basic petrographic data for a limited number of intrusions in northcentral Nevada. Similarly, Silberman and McKee (1971) presented potassium-argon geochronologic data for a significant number of central Nevada intrusions. More recently, Mortensen and others (2000) presented uranium-lead geochronology for a small number of central Nevada intrusions. Sloan and others (2003) released a national geochronologic database that contains age determinations made prior to 1991 for rocks of Nevada. Finally, C.D. Henry (Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, written commun., 2006) has assembled geochronologic data for igneous rocks of Nevada produced subsequent to completion of the Sloan and others (2003) compilation. Consequently, although age data for igneous rocks of Nevada have been compiled, data pertaining to other features of these rocks have not been systematically synthesized. Maldonado and others (1988) compiled the distribution and some basic characteristics of intrusions throughout Nevada. Lee (1984), John (1983, 1987, and 1992), John and others (1994), and Ressel (2005) have compiled data that partially characterize intrusions in some parts of the study area. This report documents the first phase of an effort to compile a robust database for study area intrusions; in this initial phase, modal composition and age data are synthesized. In the next phase, geochemical data available for these rocks will be compiled. The ultimate goal is to compile data as a basis for an evaluation of the time-space-compositional evolution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic magmatism in the study area and identification of genetic associations between magmatism and mineralizing processes in this region.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds250","isbn":"1411317998","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., and Crafford, A.E., 2007, Modal Composition and Age of Intrusions in North-Central and Northeast Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 250, iii, 16 p.; map/plate (45x39 in); download directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds250.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.; map/plate (45x39 in); download directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9368,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.62846,38.45856 ], [ -118.62846,42.00479 ], [ -113.94292,42.00479 ], [ -113.94292,38.45856 ], [ -118.62846,38.45856 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60faef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crafford, A. Elizabeth Jones","contributorId":19242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crafford","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth Jones","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}