Combination of datasets acquired from different sensor systems is necessary to construct a long time-series dataset for remotely sensed land-surface variables. Assessment of the agreement of the data derived from various sources is an important issue in understanding the data continuity through the time-series. Some traditional measures, including correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, and root mean square error, are not always optimal for evaluating the data agreement. For this reason, we developed a new agreement coefficient for comparing two different images. The agreement coefficient has the following properties: non-dimensional, bounded, symmetric, and distinguishable between systematic and unsystematic differences. The paper provides examples of agreement analyses for hypothetical data and actual remotely sensed data. The results demonstrate that the agreement coefficient does include the above properties, and therefore is a useful tool for image comparison.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.7.823","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., and Gallo, K., 2006, An agreement coefficient for image comparison: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 7, p. 823-833, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.7.823.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"833","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.7.823","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg","text":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/manager/#spn-pane"}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e7e4b0c8380cd48505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallo, Kevin 0000-0001-9162-5011 kgallo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-5011","contributorId":192334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":418367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028497,"text":"70028497 - 2006 - Orientation-independent measures of ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028497","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orientation-independent measures of ground motion","docAbstract":"The geometric mean of the response spectra for two orthogonal horizontal components of motion, commonly used as the response variable in predictions of strong ground motion, depends on the orientation of the sensors as installed in the field. This means that the measure of ground-motion intensity could differ for the same actual ground motion. This dependence on sensor orientation is most pronounced for strongly correlated motion (the extreme example being linearly polarized motion), such as often occurs at periods of 1 sec or longer. We propose two new measures of the geometric mean, GMRotDpp, and GMRotIpp, that are independent of the sensor orientations. Both are based on a set of geometric means computed from the as-recorded orthogonal horizontal motions rotated through all possible non-redundant rotation angles. GMRotDpp is determined as the ppth percentile of the set of geometric means for a given oscillator period. For example, GMRotDOO, GMRotD50, and GMRotD100 correspond to the minimum, median, and maximum values, respectively. The rotations that lead to GMRotDpp depend on period, whereas a single-period-independent rotation is used for GMRotIpp, the angle being chosen to minimize the spread of the rotation-dependent geometric mean (normalized by GMRotDpp) over the usable range of oscillator periods. GMRotI50 is the ground-motion intensity measure being used in the development of new ground-motion prediction equations by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center Next Generation Attenuation project. Comparisons with as-recorded geometric means for a large dataset show that the new measures are systematically larger than the geometric-mean response spectra using the as-recorded values of ground acceleration, but only by a small amount (less than 3%). The theoretical advantage of the new measures is that they remove sensor orientation as a contributor to aleatory uncertainty. Whether the reduction is of practical significance awaits detailed studies of large datasets. A preliminary analysis contained in a companion article by Beyer and Bommer finds that the reduction is small-to-nonexistent for equations based on a wide range of magnitudes and distances. The results of Beyer and Bommer do suggest, however, that there is an increasing reduction as period increases. Whether the reduction increases with other subdivisions of the dataset for which strongly correlated motions might be expected (e.g., pulselike motions close to faults) awaits further analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050209","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., Watson-Lamprey, J., and Abrahamson, N., 2006, Orientation-independent measures of ground motion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 A, p. 1502-1511, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050209.","startPage":"1502","endPage":"1511","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050209"},{"id":236935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7095e4b0c8380cd760f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson-Lamprey, Jennie","contributorId":15000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson-Lamprey","given":"Jennie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrahamson, N. A.","contributorId":27152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"N. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028491,"text":"70028491 - 2006 - Order from noise: Toward a social theory of geographic information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028491","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Order from noise: Toward a social theory of geographic information","docAbstract":"In the so-called Information Age, it is surprising that the concept of information is imprecisely defined and almost taken for granted. Historic and recent geographic information science (GIScience) literature relies on two conflicting metaphors, often espoused by the same author in adjacent paragraphs. The metaphor of invariance, derived from telecommunications engineering, defines information as a thing to be transported without loss through a conduit. Another metaphor, originating in the utopian movements of the 19th century, locates information within a hierarchy of refinement-a stopping place on the path to convert mere data into higher forms of knowledge and perhaps to wisdom. Both metaphors rely on long-forgotten debates outside geography and preclude us from seeing that there are important social and ethical concerns in the relationship between geographic information technologies and society. We examine the conflicts between competing metaphors and propose a social theory of geographic information. ?? 2006 by Association of American Geographers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00703.x","issn":"00045608","usgsCitation":"Poore, B., and Chrisman, N., 2006, Order from noise: Toward a social theory of geographic information: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 96, no. 3, p. 508-523, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00703.x.","startPage":"508","endPage":"523","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502430,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":210058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00703.x"},{"id":236862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f40e4b0c8380cd759e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, B.S.","contributorId":102249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chrisman, N.R.","contributorId":35934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrisman","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028487,"text":"70028487 - 2006 - A new probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for greater Tokyo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028487","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3047,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for greater Tokyo","docAbstract":"Tokyo and its outlying cities are home to one-quarter of Japan's 127 million people. Highly destructive earthquakes struck the capital in 1703, 1855 and 1923, the last of which took 105 000 lives. Fuelled by greater Tokyo's rich seismological record, but challenged by its magnificent complexity, our joint Japanese-US group carried out a new study of the capital's earthquake hazards. We used the prehistoric record of great earthquakes preserved by uplifted marine terraces and tsunami deposits (17 M???8 shocks in the past 7000 years), a newly digitized dataset of historical shaking (10 000 observations in the past 400 years), the dense modern seismic network (300 000 earthquakes in the past 30 years), and Japan's GeoNet array (150 GPS vectors in the past 10 years) to reinterpret the tectonic structure, identify active faults and their slip rates and estimate their earthquake frequency. We propose that a dislodged fragment of the Pacific plate is jammed between the Pacific, Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates beneath the Kanto plain on which Tokyo sits. We suggest that the Kanto fragment controls much of Tokyo's seismic behaviour for large earthquakes, including the damaging 1855 M???7.3 Ansei-Edo shock. On the basis of the frequency of earthquakes beneath greater Tokyo, events with magnitude and location similar to the M??? 7.3 Ansei-Edo event have a ca 20% likelihood in an average 30 year period. In contrast, our renewal (time-dependent) probability for the great M??? 7.9 plate boundary shocks such as struck in 1923 and 1703 is 0.5% for the next 30 years, with a time-averaged 30 year probability of ca 10%. The resulting net likelihood for severe shaking (ca 0.9g peak ground acceleration (PGA)) in Tokyo, Kawasaki and Yokohama for the next 30 years is ca 30%. The long historical record in Kanto also affords a rare opportunity to calculate the probability of shaking in an alternative manner exclusively from intensity observations. This approach permits robust estimates for the spatial distribution of expected shaking, even for sites with few observations. The resulting probability of severe shaking is ca 35% in Tokyo, Kawasaki and Yokohama and ca 10% in Chiba for an average 30 year period, in good agreement with our independent estimate, and thus bolstering our view that Tokyo's hazard looms large. Given $1 trillion estimates for the cost of an M???7.3 shock beneath Tokyo, our probability implies a $13 billion annual probable loss. ?? 2006 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2006.1808","issn":"1364503X","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., Toda, S., Parsons, T., Grunewald, E., Blong, R., Sparks, S., Shah, H., and Kennedy, J., 2006, A new probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for greater Tokyo: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, v. 364, no. 1845, p. 1965-1988, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1808.","startPage":"1965","endPage":"1988","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477548,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1236084","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1808"},{"id":237353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"364","issue":"1845","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4aee4b0c8380cd46831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toda, S.","contributorId":102228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grunewald, E.","contributorId":62820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grunewald","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blong, R.","contributorId":20141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blong","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sparks, S.","contributorId":106694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shah, H.","contributorId":35327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kennedy, J.","contributorId":43559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70028484,"text":"70028484 - 2006 - Thermal maturity patterns in the Ordovician and Devonian of Pennsylvania using conodont color alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028484","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal maturity patterns in the Ordovician and Devonian of Pennsylvania using conodont color alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro)","docAbstract":"This new series of maps enhances previous thermal maturity maps in Pennsylvania by establishing: 1) new subsurface CAI data points for the Ordovician and Devonian and 2) new %Ro and Rock Eval subsurface data points for Middle and Upper Devonian black shale units. Thermal maturity values for the Ordovician and Devonian strata are of major interest because they contain the source rocks for most of the oil and natural gas resources in the basin. Thermal maturity patterns of the Middle Ordovician Trenton Group are evaluated here because they closely approximate those of the overlying Ordovician Utica Shale that is believed to be the source rock for the regional oil and gas accumulation in Lower Silurian sandstones and for natural gas fields in fractured dolomite reservoirs of the Ordovician Black River-Trenton Limestones. Improved CAI-based thermal maturity maps of the Ordovician are important to identify areas of optimum gas generation from the Utica Shale and to provide constraints for interpreting the origin of oil and gas in the Lower Silurian regional accumulation and Ordovician Black River-Trenton fields. Thermal maturity maps of the Devonian will better constrain burial history-petroleum generation models of the Utica Shale, as well as place limitations on the origin of regional oil and gas accumulations in Upper Devonian sandstone and Middle to Upper Devonian black shale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Repetski, J., Ryder, R.T., Harper, J., and Trippi, M., 2006, Thermal maturity patterns in the Ordovician and Devonian of Pennsylvania using conodont color alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro): Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 28, no. 3, p. 266-294.","startPage":"266","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb249e4b08c986b3256cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, J.A.","contributorId":41982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trippi, M.H. 0000-0002-1398-3427","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":22445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028477,"text":"70028477 - 2006 - Evaluation of bottom trawls as compared to acoustics to assess adult Lake Herring (Coregonus artedi) abundance in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:28:10","indexId":"70028477","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of bottom trawls as compared to acoustics to assess adult Lake Herring (Coregonus artedi) abundance in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"We compared density estimates from day bottom trawl tows against night midwater trawl tows and acoustic gear to test the hypothesis that adult lake herring (≥250 mm) are underestimated by day bottom trawl tows during the annual USGS spring fish community survey in Lake Superior. We found average density at nine nearshore stations was significantly higher at night (21.3 adult fish/ha) compared to day (1.0 adult fish/ha; p = 0.0119). At nine offshore stations, no lake herring were captured during the day but density averaged 39.6 adult fish/ha at night. At a lakewide scale (n = 18 stations), precision (relative standard error) was much better using night midwater trawls and acoustic gear (37%) compared to day bottom trawls (100%). Moderate sample size increases using the former methodology would likely bring precision within recommended levels (≤30%) for stock-recruit data sets. Our results suggest that 1) population abundances of adult lake herring in Lake Superior are much higher than previously considered, 2) the annual spring fish community survey may not provide a relative index of abundance of adult lake herring, 3) night midwater trawls and acoustic gear are necessary for assessing adult lake herring abundance, and 4) previous studies using lake herring data from the annual spring fish community survey need to be re-evaluated in light of these results. Lake herring appear to become progressively more pelagic and less susceptible to bottom trawling as they mature. Day bottom trawls appear to be an adequate tool for estimating relative density of age-1 recruits, although this method still suffers from relatively poor precision.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[280:EOBTAC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Stockwell, J., Yule, D., Gorman, O.T., Isaac, E., and Moore, S., 2006, Evaluation of bottom trawls as compared to acoustics to assess adult Lake Herring (Coregonus artedi) abundance in Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 32, no. 2, p. 280-292, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[280:EOBTAC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"280","endPage":"292","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c60e4b0c8380cd52b07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorman, O. T.","contributorId":104605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isaac, E.J.","contributorId":70584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaac","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, S.A.","contributorId":103397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028473,"text":"70028473 - 2006 - Blood lead levels of wild Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and black scoters (Melanitta nigra) in Alaska using a portable blood lead analyzer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T18:23:53","indexId":"70028473","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood lead levels of wild Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and black scoters (Melanitta nigra) in Alaska using a portable blood lead analyzer","docAbstract":"Sea duck populations are declining in Alaska. The reasons for the decline are not known; environmental lead exposure is one suspected cause. Thirty wild Steller's eider ducks (Polysticta stelleri) and 40 wild black scoter ducks (Melanitta nigra) were tested for blood lead levels using a portable blood lead analyzer (LeadCare; ESA, Inc., Chelmsford, Massachusetts 01824, USA). Sixty-seven and one-tenth percent of the sea ducks had undetectable blood lead levels, 30.0% had values indicating normal or background lead exposure, and 2.9% had values indicating lead exposure. None of the birds had values indicating lead toxicity, and no birds demonstrated clinical signs of toxicity. Birds in areas with higher human population density had higher blood lead levels than those in less densely populated areas. This is the first time a portable blood lead analyzer has been utilized with sea ducks in a field setting. Because it provides immediate results, it is valuable as a screening tool for investigators carrying out surgical procedures on birds in the field as well as establishing baseline blood lead data on sea ducks. Lead exposure does occur in wild sea ducks, and the study indicates that additional research is needed in order to determine the role environmental lead plays in declining sea duck populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/05-092.1","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.S., Luebbert, J., Mulcahy, D.M., Schamber, J.L., and Rosenberg, D.H., 2006, Blood lead levels of wild Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and black scoters (Melanitta nigra) in Alaska using a portable blood lead analyzer: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 37, no. 3, p. 361-365, https://doi.org/10.1638/05-092.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"365","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1e7e4b0c8380cd4aebc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Corrine S.","contributorId":187558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Corrine","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luebbert, Joanne","contributorId":72190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luebbert","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schamber, Jason L.","contributorId":72512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberg, Daniel H.","contributorId":42774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028472,"text":"70028472 - 2006 - Use of plume mapping data to estimate chlorinated solvent mass loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028472","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of plume mapping data to estimate chlorinated solvent mass loss","docAbstract":"Results from a plume mapping study from November 2000 through February 2001 in the sand-and-gravel surficial aquifer at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, were used to assess the occurrence and extent of chlorinated solvent mass loss by calculating mass fluxes across two transverse cross sections and by observing changes in concentration ratios and mole fractions along a longitudinal cross section through the core of the plume. The plume mapping investigation was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of chlorinated solvents migrating from former waste disposal sites. Vertical contaminant concentration profiles were obtained with a direct-push drill rig and multilevel piezometers. These samples were supplemented with additional ground water samples collected with a minipiezometer from the bed of a perennial stream downgradient of the source areas. Results from the field program show that the plume, consisting mainly of tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE), was approximately 670 m in length and 120 m in width, extended across much of the 9- to 18-m thickness of the surficial aquifer, and discharged to the stream in some areas. The analyses of the plume mapping data show that losses of the parent compounds, PCE and TCE, were negligible downgradient of the source. In contrast, losses of cis-1,2-DCE, a daughter compound, were observed in this plume. These losses very likely resulted from biodegradation, but the specific reaction mechanism could not be identified. This study demonstrates that plume mapping data can be used to estimate the occurrence and extent of chlorinated solvent mass loss from biodegradation and assess the effectiveness of natural attenuation as a remedial measure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00117.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Barbaro, J., and Neupane, P., 2006, Use of plume mapping data to estimate chlorinated solvent mass loss: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 4, p. 115-127, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00117.x.","startPage":"115","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210221,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00117.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf58e4b08c986b329ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbaro, J.R.","contributorId":40752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neupane, P.P.","contributorId":42409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neupane","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028470,"text":"70028470 - 2006 - A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028470","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities","docAbstract":"This article introduces the beta-binomial estimator (BBE), a closed-population abundance mark-resight model combining the favorable qualities of maximum likelihood theory and the allowance of individual heterogeneity in sighting probability (p). The model may be parameterized for a robust sampling design consisting of multiple primary sampling occasions where closure need not be met between primary occasions. We applied the model to brown bear data from three study areas in Alaska and compared its performance to the joint hypergeometric estimator (JHE) and Bowden's estimator (BOWE). BBE estimates suggest heterogeneity levels were non-negligible and discourage the use of JHE for these data. Compared to JHE and BOWE, confidence intervals were considerably shorter for the AICc model-averaged BBE. To evaluate the properties of BBE relative to JHE and BOWE when sample sizes are small, simulations were performed with data from three primary occasions generated under both individual heterogeneity and temporal variation in p. All models remained consistent regardless of levels of variation in p. In terms of precision, the AICc model-averaged BBE showed advantages over JHE and BOWE when heterogeneity was present and mean sighting probabilities were similar between primary occasions. Based on the conditions examined, BBE is a reliable alternative to JHE or BOWE and provides a framework for further advances in mark-resight abundance estimation. ?? 2006 American Statistical Association and the International Biometric Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1198/108571106X129171","issn":"10857117","usgsCitation":"McClintock, B., White, G.C., and Burnham, K., 2006, A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 3, p. 231-248, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571106X129171.","startPage":"231","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1198/108571106X129171"},{"id":237039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e564e4b0c8380cd46d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClintock, B.T.","contributorId":29108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClintock","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028469,"text":"70028469 - 2006 - Distribution and relative abundance of forest birds in relation to burn severity in southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028469","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and relative abundance of forest birds in relation to burn severity in southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"The frequency of wild and prescribed fires in montane forests of the southwestern United States has increased after a century of fire suppression and subsequent fuels accumulation. To assess the effects of recent fires (median time since fire = 6 yr) on the montane forest bird community, we surveyed birds in 8 Sky Island mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona, USA, and examined how the distribution (i.e., presence-absence) of 65 species and relative abundance of 16 species correlated with evidence of severe and less severe fire at >1,500 survey points. We detected associations between fire and bird presence-absence for 17% of the 65 species analyzed and between fire and bird relative abundance for 25% of the 16 species analyzed. Most species (73%) were positively associated with burned areas and displayed stronger associations (i.e., more extreme odds ratios) with survey points that had evidence of severe as opposed to less severe fire. Positive associations with severe fire were strong (>3 to 1 odds) for western wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus) and house wren (Troglodytes aedon), and negative associations with severe fire were strong for warbling vireo (Vireo gilvus) and red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis). Although recent fires appear to have had a positive effect on the distribution and relative abundance of several montane forest bird species in the region, these species are not the open-woodland birds that we would have expected to have benefited from fire based on previous research. Nevertheless, our results confirm associations between fire and bird presence-absence and relative abundance reported previously for 7 species of birds. Our results also provide new information for Grace's warbler (Dendroica graciae) and greater pewee (C. pertinax), 2 species for which fire data were formerly lacking. Managers can use these data to make and test predictions about the effects of future fires, both severe and less severe, on montane forest birds in the southwestern United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1005:DARAOF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Kirkpatrick, C., Conway, C., and Jones, P., 2006, Distribution and relative abundance of forest birds in relation to burn severity in southeastern Arizona: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 1005-1012, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1005:DARAOF]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1012","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1005:DARAOF]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a029ee4b0c8380cd50121","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirkpatrick, C.","contributorId":73356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, P.B.","contributorId":7903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028460,"text":"70028460 - 2006 - Enabling scientific workflows in virtual reality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028460","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Enabling scientific workflows in virtual reality","docAbstract":"To advance research and improve the scientific return on data collection and interpretation efforts in the geosciences, we have developed methods of interactive visualization, with a special focus on immersive virtual reality (VR) environments. Earth sciences employ a strongly visual approach to the measurement and analysis of geologic data due to the spatial and temporal scales over which such data ranges, As observations and simulations increase in size and complexity, the Earth sciences are challenged to manage and interpret increasing amounts of data. Reaping the full intellectual benefits of immersive VR requires us to tailor exploratory approaches to scientific problems. These applications build on the visualization method's strengths, using both 3D perception and interaction with data and models, to take advantage of the skills and training of the geological scientists exploring their data in the VR environment. This interactive approach has enabled us to develop a suite of tools that are adaptable to a range of problems in the geosciences and beyond. Copyright ?? 2008 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - VRCIA 2006ACM International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications","conferenceTitle":"VRCIA 2006: ACM International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications","conferenceDate":"14 June 2006 through 17 June 2006","conferenceLocation":"Hong Kong","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kreylos, O., Bawden, G., Bernardin, T., Billen, M., Cowgill, E., Gold, R., Hamann, B., Jadamec, M., Kellogg, L., Staadt, O., and Sumner, D., 2006, Enabling scientific workflows in virtual reality, in Proceedings - VRCIA 2006ACM International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications, v. 2006, Hong Kong, 14 June 2006 through 17 June 2006, p. 155-162.","startPage":"155","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0919e4b0c8380cd51ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreylos, O.","contributorId":103854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreylos","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bawden, G.","contributorId":63597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardin, T.","contributorId":87353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardin","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Billen, M.I.","contributorId":62397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billen","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cowgill, E.S.","contributorId":67710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowgill","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gold, R.D.","contributorId":79691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hamann, B.","contributorId":25345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamann","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jadamec, M.","contributorId":83326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jadamec","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kellogg, L.H.","contributorId":86511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Staadt, O.G.","contributorId":19360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staadt","given":"O.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sumner, D.Y.","contributorId":84143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028458,"text":"70028458 - 2006 - One-way coupling of an atmospheric and a hydrologic model in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028458","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One-way coupling of an atmospheric and a hydrologic model in Colorado","docAbstract":"This paper examines the accuracy of high-resolution nested mesoscale model simulations of surface climate. The nesting capabilities of the atmospheric fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University (PSU)-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) were used to create high-resolution, 5-yr climate simulations (from 1 October 1994 through 30 September 1999), starting with a coarse nest of 20 km for the western United States. During this 5-yr period, two finer-resolution nests (5 and 1.7 km) were run over the Yampa River basin in northwestern Colorado. Raw and bias-corrected daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature time series from the three MM5 nests were used as input to the U.S. Geological Survey's distributed hydrologic model [the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS)] and were compared with PRMS results using measured climate station data. The distributed capabilities of PRMS were provided by partitioning the Yampa River basin into hydrologic response units (HRUs). In addition to the classic polygon method of HRU definition, HRUs for PRMS were defined based on the three MM5 nests. This resulted in 16 datasets being tested using PRMS. The input datasets were derived using measured station data and raw and bias-corrected MM5 20-, 5-, and 1.7-km output distributed to 1) polygon HRUs and 2) 20-, 5-, and 1.7-km-gridded HRUs, respectively. Each dataset was calibrated independently, using a multiobjective, stepwise automated procedure. Final results showed a general increase in the accuracy of simulated runoff with an increase in HRU resolution. In all steps of the calibration procedure, the station-based simulations of runoff showed higher accuracy than the MM5-based simulations, although the accuracy of MM5 simulations was close to station data for the high-resolution nests. Further work is warranted in identifying the causes of the biases in MM5 local climate simulations and developing methods to remove them. ?? 2006 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JHM512.1","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., Clark, M., Pagowski, M., Leavesley, G., and Gutowski, W., 2006, One-way coupling of an atmospheric and a hydrologic model in Colorado: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 569-589, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM512.1.","startPage":"569","endPage":"589","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477401,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm512.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210083,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM512.1"},{"id":236897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e38e4b0c8380cd75545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pagowski, M.","contributorId":47958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J.","contributorId":6623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028446,"text":"70028446 - 2006 - Filling in the gaps: Modelling native species richness and invasions using spatially incomplete data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028446","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Filling in the gaps: Modelling native species richness and invasions using spatially incomplete data","docAbstract":"Detailed knowledge of patterns of native species richness, an important component of biodiversity, and non-native species invasions is often lacking even though this knowledge is essential to conservation efforts. However, we cannot afford to wait for complete information on the distribution and abundance of native and harmful invasive species. Using information from counties well surveyed for plants across the USA, we developed models to fill data gaps in poorly surveyed areas by estimating the density (number of species km -2) of native and non-native plant species. Here, we show that native plant species density is non-random, predictable, and is the best predictor of non-native plant species density. We found that eastern agricultural sites and coastal areas are among the most invaded in terms of non-native plant species densities, and that the central USA appears to have the greatest ratio of non-native to native species. These large-scale models could also be applied to smaller spatial scales or other taxa to set priorities for conservation and invasion mitigation, prevention, and control efforts. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00278.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C., Stohlgren, T., Barnett, D., and Kartesz, J., 2006, Filling in the gaps: Modelling native species richness and invasions using spatially incomplete data: Diversity and Distributions, v. 12, no. 5, p. 511-520, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00278.x.","startPage":"511","endPage":"520","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477574,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00278.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210382,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00278.x"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1006e4b0c8380cd53ad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnett, D.","contributorId":64204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kartesz, J.","contributorId":61005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kartesz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028444,"text":"70028444 - 2006 - 2480 Ma mafic magmatism in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: A new link connecting the Wyoming and Superior cratons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028444","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2480 Ma mafic magmatism in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: A new link connecting the Wyoming and Superior cratons","docAbstract":"The Laramide Black Hills uplift of southwest South Dakota exposes a Precambrian crystalline core of ???2560-2600 Ma basement granitoids nonconformably overlain by two Paleoproterozoic intracratonic rift successions. In the northern Black Hills, a 1 km thick, layered sill (the Blue Draw metagabbro) that intrudes the older rift succession provides a key constraint on the timing of mafic magmatism and of older rift-basin sedimentation. Ion microprobe spot analyses of megacrysts of magmatic titanite from a horizon of dioritic pegmatite in the uppermost sill portion yield a 207Pb/206Pb upper-intercept age of 2480 ?? 6 Ma (all age errors ??2??), comparable to two-point 207Pb/206Pb errorchron ages obtained by Pb stepwise leaching of the same titanites. Nearly concordant domains in coexisting magmatic zircon yield apparent spot ages ranging from 2458 ?? 16 to 2284 ?? 20 Ma (i.e., differentially reset along U-Pb concordia), and hornblende from an associated metadiorite yields a partially reset date with oldest apparent-age increments ranging between 2076 ?? 16 and 2010 ?? 8 Ma. We interpret these data as indicating that an episode of gabbroic magmatism occurred at 2480 Ma, in response to earlier rifting of the eastern edge of the Wyoming craton. Layered mafic intrusions of similar thickness and identical age occur along a rifted belt in the southern Superior craton (Sudbury region, Ontario). Moreover, these mafic intrusions are spatially aligned using previous supercontinent restorations of the Wyoming and Superior cratons (Kenorland-Superia configurations). This new \"piercing point\" augments one previously inferred by spatial-temporal correlation of the Paleoproterozoic Huronian (southern Ontario) and Snowy Pass (southeastern Wyoming) supergroups. We propose that layered mafic intrusions extending from Nemo, South Dakota, to Sudbury, Ontario, delineate an axial rift zone along which Wyoming began to separate from Superior during initial fragmentation of the Neoarchean supercontinent at ???2480 Ma. ?? 2006 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/E06-066","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Dahl, P., Hamilton, M., Wooden, J.L., Foland, K., Frei, R., McCombs, J., and Holm, D., 2006, 2480 Ma mafic magmatism in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: A new link connecting the Wyoming and Superior cratons: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1579-1600, https://doi.org/10.1139/E06-066.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1600","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210353,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/E06-066"},{"id":237248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e255e4b0c8380cd45ace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dahl, P.S.","contributorId":81688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, M.A.","contributorId":88551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foland, K.A.","contributorId":13357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foland","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frei, R.","contributorId":88537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frei","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCombs, J.A.","contributorId":41204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCombs","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holm, D.K.","contributorId":68955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028440,"text":"70028440 - 2006 - Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028440","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change","docAbstract":"A trend of increasing streamflow has been observed in the Mississippi River (MR) basin since the 1940 s as a result of increased precipitation. Herein we show that increasing MR flow is mainly in its baseflow as a result of land use change and accompanying agricultural activities that occurred in the MR basin during the last 60 years. Agricultural land use change in the MR basin has affected the basin-scale hydrology: more precipitation is being routed into streams as baseflow than stormflow since 1940 s. We explain that the conversion of perennial vegetation to seasonal row crops, especially soybeans, in the basin since 1940 s may have reduced evapotranspiration, increased groundwater recharge, and thus increased baseflow and streamflow. This explanation is supported with a data analysis of the annually and monthly flow rates at various river stations in the MR basin. Results from this study will help to direct our effort in managing land use and in reducing nutrient levels in MR and other major rivers since nutrient concentrations and loads carried by storm water and baseflow are different. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.033","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., and Schilling, K.E., 2006, Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change: Journal of Hydrology, v. 324, no. 1-4, p. 412-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.033.","startPage":"412","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210300,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.033"},{"id":237178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a07e4b0c8380cd61b12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028431,"text":"70028431 - 2006 - Seismic response and damage detection analyses of an instrumented steel moment-framed building","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028431","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic response and damage detection analyses of an instrumented steel moment-framed building","docAbstract":"The seismic performance of steel moment-framed buildings has been of particular interest since brittle fractures were discovered at the beam-column connections in a number of buildings following the M 6.7 Northridge earthquake of January 17, 1994. A case study of the seismic behavior of an extensively instrumented 13-story steel moment frame building located in the greater Los Angeles area of California is described herein. Response studies using frequency domain, joint time-frequency, system identification, and simple damage detection analyses are performed using an extensive strong motion dataset dating from 1971 to the present, supported by engineering drawings and results of postearthquake inspections. These studies show that the building's response is more complex than would be expected from its highly symmetrical geometry. The response is characterized by low damping in the fundamental mode, larger accelerations in the middle and lower stories than at the roof and base, extended periods of vibration after the cessation of strong input shaking, beating in the response, elliptical particle motion, and significant torsion during strong shaking at the top of the concrete piers which extend from the basement to the second floor. The analyses conducted indicate that the response of the structure was elastic in all recorded earthquakes to date, including Northridge. Also, several simple damage detection methods employed did not indicate any structural damage or connection fractures. The combination of a large, real structure and low instrumentation density precluded the application of many recently proposed advanced damage detection methods in this case study. Overall, however, the findings of this study are consistent with the limited code-compliant postearthquake intrusive inspections conducted after the Northridge earthquake, which found no connection fractures or other structural damage. ?? ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:10(1543)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Rodgers, J., and Çelebi, M., 2006, Seismic response and damage detection analyses of an instrumented steel moment-framed building: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 132, no. 10, p. 1543-1552, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:10(1543).","startPage":"1543","endPage":"1552","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:10(1543)"},{"id":237070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b57e4b08c986b317772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodgers, J.E.","contributorId":99069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028425,"text":"70028425 - 2006 - Net carbon exchange across the Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in Alaska 1981-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028425","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Net carbon exchange across the Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in Alaska 1981-2000","docAbstract":"Shifts in the carbon balance of high-latitude ecosystems could result from differential responses of vegetation and soil processes to changing moisture and temperature regimes and to a lengthening of the growing season. Although shrub expansion and northward movement of treeline should increase carbon inputs, the effects of these vegetation changes on net carbon exchange have not been evaluated. We selected low shrub, tall shrub, and forest tundra sites near treeline in northwestern Alaska, representing the major structural transitions expected in response to warming. In these sites, we measured aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen pools, and used these data to parameterize the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. We simulated the response of carbon balance components to air temperature and precipitation trends during 1981-2000. In areas experiencing warmer and dryer conditions, Net Primary Production (NPP) decreased and heterotrophic respiration (R H ) increased, leading to a decrease in Net Ecosystem Production (NEP). In warmer and wetter conditions NPP increased, but the response was exceeded by an increase in R H ; therefore, NEP also decreased. Lastly, in colder and wetter regions, the increase in NPP exceeded a small decline in R H , leading to an increase in NEP. The net effect for the region was a slight gain in ecosystem carbon storage over the 20 year period. This research highlights the potential importance of spatial variability in ecosystem responses to climate change in assessing the response of carbon storage in northern Alaska over the last two decades. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11027-005-9016-3","issn":"13812386","usgsCitation":"Thompson, C.C., McGuire, A., Clein, J.S., Chapin, F.S., and Beringer, J., 2006, Net carbon exchange across the Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in Alaska 1981-2000, in Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 11, no. 4, p. 805-827, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-005-9016-3.","startPage":"805","endPage":"827","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210136,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-005-9016-3"},{"id":236966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64ebe4b0c8380cd72a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Catharine Copass","contributorId":26131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Catharine","email":"","middleInitial":"Copass","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapin, F. S. III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beringer, J.","contributorId":25274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beringer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028416,"text":"70028416 - 2006 - Seafloor habitat mapping of the New York Bight incorporating sidescan sonar data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028416","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seafloor habitat mapping of the New York Bight incorporating sidescan sonar data","docAbstract":"The efficacy of using sidescan sonar imagery, image classification algorithms and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to characterize the seafloor bottom of the New York Bight were assessed. The resulting seafloor bottom type map was compared with fish trawl survey data to determine whether there were any discernable habitat associations. An unsupervised classification with 20 spectral classes was produced using the sidescan sonar imagery, bathymetry and secondarily derived spatial heterogeneity to characterize homogenous regions within the study area. The spectral classes, geologic interpretations of the study region, bathymetry and a bottom landform index were used to produce a seafloor bottom type map of 9 different bottom types. Examination of sediment sample data by bottom type indicated that each bottom type class had a distinct composition of sediments. Analysis of adult summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, and adult silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis, presence/absence data from trawl surveys did not show evidence of strong associations between the species distributions and seafloor bottom type. However, the absence of strong habitat associations may be more attributable to the coarse scale and geographic uncertainty of the trawl sampling data than conclusive evidence that no habitat associations exist for these two species. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.01.019","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Lathrop, R., Cole, M., Senyk, N., and Butman, B., 2006, Seafloor habitat mapping of the New York Bight incorporating sidescan sonar data: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 68, no. 1, p. 221-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.01.019.","startPage":"221","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.01.019"},{"id":237349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8831e4b08c986b31684d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lathrop, R.G.","contributorId":40002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, M.","contributorId":100784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senyk, N.","contributorId":70176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senyk","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028409,"text":"70028409 - 2006 - Using self-organizing maps to determine observation threshold limit predictions in highly variant data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028409","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using self-organizing maps to determine observation threshold limit predictions in highly variant data","docAbstract":"A significant data quality challenge for highly variant systems surrounds the limited ability to quantify operationally reasonable limits on the data elements being collected and provide reasonable threshold predictions. In many instances, the number of influences that drive a resulting value or operational range is too large to enable physical sampling for each influencer, or is too complicated to accurately model in an explicit simulation. An alternative method to determine reasonable observation thresholds is to employ an automation algorithm that would emulate a human analyst visually inspecting data for limits. Using the visualization technique of self-organizing maps (SOM) on data having poorly understood relationships, a methodology for determining threshold limits was developed. To illustrate this approach, analysis of environmental influences that drive the abundance of a target indicator species (the pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum) provided a real example of applicability. The relationship between salinity and temperature and abundance of F. duorarum is well documented, but the effect of changes in water quality upstream on pink shrimp abundance is not well understood. The highly variant nature surrounding catch of a specific number of organisms in the wild, and the data available from up-stream hydrology measures for salinity and temperature, made this an ideal candidate for the approach to provide a determination about the influence of changes in hydrology on populations of organisms.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV","conferenceDate":"17 April 2006 through 19 April 2006","conferenceLocation":"Kissimmee, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.667802","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819462918; 9780819462916","usgsCitation":"Paganoni, C., Chang, K., and Robblee, M., 2006, Using self-organizing maps to determine observation threshold limit predictions in highly variant data, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6235, Kissimmee, FL, 17 April 2006 through 19 April 2006, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.667802.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.667802"},{"id":237246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6235","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc09be4b08c986b32a208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paganoni, C.A.","contributorId":10984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paganoni","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, K.C.","contributorId":44732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robblee, M. B.","contributorId":23879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robblee","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028408,"text":"70028408 - 2006 - Quantifying surface water–groundwater interactions using time series analysis of streambed thermal records: Method development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:42:22","indexId":"70028408","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying surface water–groundwater interactions using time series analysis of streambed thermal records: Method development","docAbstract":"We present a method for determining streambed seepage rates using time series thermal data. The new method is based on quantifying changes in phase and amplitude of temperature variations between pairs of subsurface sensors. For a reasonable range of streambed thermal properties and sensor spacings the time series method should allow reliable estimation of seepage rates for a range of at least ±10 m d−1 (±1.2 × 10−2 m s−1), with amplitude variations being most sensitive at low flow rates and phase variations retaining sensitivity out to much higher rates. Compared to forward modeling, the new method requires less observational data and less setup and data handling and is faster, particularly when interpreting many long data sets. The time series method is insensitive to streambed scour and sedimentation, which allows for application under a wide range of flow conditions and allows time series estimation of variable streambed hydraulic conductivity. This new approach should facilitate wider use of thermal methods and improve understanding of the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of surface water–groundwater interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004787","usgsCitation":"Hatch, C.E., Fisher, A.T., Revenaugh, J.S., Constantz, J., and Ruehl, C., 2006, Quantifying surface water–groundwater interactions using time series analysis of streambed thermal records: Method development: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 10, Article W10410; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004787.","productDescription":"Article W10410; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004787","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91e1e4b0c8380cd80508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Christine E","contributorId":191364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Andrew T.","contributorId":178403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Revenaugh, Justin S.","contributorId":22566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Revenaugh","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruehl, Chris","contributorId":181877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruehl","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028407,"text":"70028407 - 2006 - Balancing predation and egg harvest in a colonial seabird: A simulation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:28:26","indexId":"70028407","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Balancing predation and egg harvest in a colonial seabird: A simulation model","docAbstract":"We developed an individual-based model to study the effects of different regimes of harvesting eggs and natural predation on reproductive success in a colony of the glaucous-winged gull (Larus glaucescens) in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. The model incorporates the sequence of egg laying, relaying, and incubation to hatching for individual nests and calculates hatching success, incubation length, and the total number of eggs laid (as a result of re-nesting and relaying) in all nests in the colony. Stochasticity is incorporated in the distribution of nest lay dates, predation rates, and nests attacked during predation and harvest events. We estimated parameter values by fitting the model to data collected at a small colony during 1999 and 2000 using maximum likelihood. We then simulated harvests and analyzed model predictions. Model outputs indicate that harvesting early, and at one time, provides a predictable take of eggs with the least impact to gulls.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.002","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Zador, S., Piatt, J.F., and Punt, A., 2006, Balancing predation and egg harvest in a colonial seabird: A simulation model: Ecological Modelling, v. 195, no. 3-4, p. 318-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.002"}],"volume":"195","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efaae4b0c8380cd4a3b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zador, Stephani","contributorId":60992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zador","given":"Stephani","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Punt, A. E.","contributorId":25747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Punt","given":"A. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028403,"text":"70028403 - 2006 - On the interpretation of energy and energy fluxes of nonlinear internal waves: An example from Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:53:04","indexId":"70028403","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2290,"text":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the interpretation of energy and energy fluxes of nonlinear internal waves: An example from Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"A self-consistent formalism to estimate baroclinic energy densities and fluxes resulting from the propagation of internal waves of arbitrary amplitude is derived using the concept of available potential energy. The method can be applied to numerical, laboratory or field data. The total energy flux is shown to be the sum of the linear energy flux ??? u??? p??? dz (primes denote baroclinic quantities), plus contributions from the non-hydrostatic pressure anomaly and the self-advection of kinetic and available potential energy. Using highly resolved observations in Massachusetts Bay, it is shown that due to the presence of nonlinear internal waves periodically propagating in the area, ??? u??? p??? dz accounts for only half of the total flux. The same data show that equipartition of available potential and kinetic energy can be violated, especially when the nonlinear waves begin to interact with the bottom. ?? 2006 Cambridge University Press.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0022112006000991","issn":"00221120","usgsCitation":"Scotti, A., Beardsley, R., and Butman, B., 2006, On the interpretation of energy and energy fluxes of nonlinear internal waves: An example from Massachusetts Bay: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, v. 561, p. 103-112, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112006000991.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1767","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.0211181640625,\n 41.95540515378059\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 41.95540515378059\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -71.0211181640625,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -71.0211181640625,\n 41.95540515378059\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"561","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddae4b0c8380cd75362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scotti, A.","contributorId":67270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scotti","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beardsley, R.","contributorId":73400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beardsley","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028396,"text":"70028396 - 2006 - Secondary gas emissions during coal desorption, Marathon Grassim Oskolkoff-1 Well, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska: Implications for resource assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028396","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1100,"text":"Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secondary gas emissions during coal desorption, Marathon Grassim Oskolkoff-1 Well, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska: Implications for resource assessment","docAbstract":"Cuttings samples of sub-bituminous humic coals from the Oligocene to Pliocene Tyonek Formation, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska show secondary gas emissions whose geochemistry is consistent with renewed microbial methanogenesis during canister desorption. The renewed methanogenesis was noted after initial desorption measurements had ceased and a canister had an air and desorbed gas mixture backflow into the canister during a measurement. About a week after this event, a secondary emission of gas began and continued for over two years. The desorbed gas volume reached a new maximum, increasing the total from 3.3 to 4.9 litres, some 48% above the pre-contamination total volume. The gases released during desorption show a shift in the isotopic signature over time of methane from ??13CCH4 of -53.60 ??? and ??DCH4 of -312.60 ??? at the first day to ??13CCH4 of -57.06 ??? and ??DCH4 of -375.80 ??? after 809 days, when the experiment was arbitrarily stopped and the canister opened to study the coal. These isotopic data, interpreted using a Bernard Diagram, indicate a shift from a mixed thermogenic and biogenic source typical of natural gases in the coals and conventional gas reservoirs of the Cook Inlet Basin to a likely biogenic acetate-fermentation methane source. However, the appearance of CO2 during the renewed gas emissions with a ??13CCO2 of +26.08 to +21.72 ???, interpreted using the carbon isotope fractions found for acetate fermentation and CO2 reduction between CO2 and CH4 by Jenden and Kaplan (1986), indicates a biogenic CO2-reduction pathway may also be operative during renewed gas emission. Adding nutrients to the coal cuttings and canister water and culturing the microbial consortia under anaerobic conditions led to additional methane-rich gas generation in the laboratory. After this anaerobic culturing, ultraviolet microscopy showed that canister water contained common, fluorescent, rod-like microbes comparable to Methanobacterium sp. Scanning electron microscope investigations of the coal matrix showed several morphological types of microbes, including rod, cocci and spherical forms attached to the coal surface. These microbes apparently represent at least a portion of the microbial consortia needed to depolymerize coal, as well as to generate the observed secondary methane emission from the canister. The introduction of 48% more methane from secondary sources has a major impact on coal-bed methane resource assessments and also in determining the true, in-situ degree of methane saturation in coal-beds using isotherms. Canister and isotherm measurements that show \"supersaturation\" of methane may actually be the result of additional gases generated during secondary methanogenesis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gscpgbull.54.3.273","issn":"00074802","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., and Dallegge, T., 2006, Secondary gas emissions during coal desorption, Marathon Grassim Oskolkoff-1 Well, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska: Implications for resource assessment: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 273-291, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.54.3.273.","startPage":"273","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210215,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.54.3.273"},{"id":237068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b891be4b08c986b316d1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dallegge, T.","contributorId":10982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallegge","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}