Neutron leakage currents measured using the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer are used to develop a two‐layer model of the distribution of hydrogen (here parameterized as water‐equivalent hydrogen, WEH) at high northern latitudes. The WEH abundance in the upper layer, Wup, was found to range between 1% and about 5%. The maximum value of the apparent thickness, D, of this upper layer peaks at about 60° latitude, giving the appearance of zonal bands of enhanced D in both hemispheres. This maximum is consistent with an expected transition from WEH contained solely in hydrous minerals at lower latitudes, to WEH contained both in the forms of water ice and water of hydration at high latitudes. A strong anti‐correlation between the WEH concentration in the lower layer and apparent depth, D, at high latitudes is observed and may provide clues to the origin of these deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2006GL028936","usgsCitation":"Feldman, W.C., Mellon, M.T., Gasnault, O., Diez, B., Elphic, R., Hagerty, J., Lawrence, D.J., Maurice, S., and Prettyman, T., 2007, Vertical distribution of hydrogen at high northern latitudes on Mars: The Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 5, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028936.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028936","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feldman, William C.","contributorId":61733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gasnault, Olivier","contributorId":181501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gasnault","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diez, B.","contributorId":213335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diez","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elphic, R.C.","contributorId":101061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elphic","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maurice, S.","contributorId":18144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Prettyman, T.H.","contributorId":43147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prettyman","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":79669,"text":"sir20075009 - 2007 - Simulation of Multiscale Ground-Water Flow in Part of the Northeastern San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"sir20075009","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5009","title":"Simulation of Multiscale Ground-Water Flow in Part of the Northeastern San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in a variety of environmental settings is being evaluated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program. One of the locations being evaluated is a 2,700-km2 (square kilometer) regional study area in the northeastern San Joaquin Valley surrounding the city of Modesto, an area dominated by irrigated agriculture in a semi-arid climate. Ground water is a key source of water for irrigation and public supply, and exploitation of this resource has altered the natural flow system. The aquifer system is predominantly alluvial, and an unconfined to semiconfined aquifer overlies a confined aquifer in the southwestern part of the study area; these aquifers are separated by the lacustrine Corcoran Clay. A regional-scale 16-layer steady-state model of ground-water flow in the aquifer system in the regional study area was developed to provide boundary conditions for an embedded 110-layer steady-state local-scale model of part of the aquifer system overlying the Corcoran Clay along the Merced River. The purpose of the local-scale model was to develop a better understanding of the aquifer system and to provide a basis for simulation of reactive transport of agricultural chemicals.\r\n\r\nThe heterogeneity of aquifer materials was explicitly incorporated into the regional and local models using information from geologic and drillers? logs of boreholes. Aquifer materials were differentiated in the regional model by the percentage of coarse-grained sediments in a cell, and in the local model by four hydrofacies (sand, silty sand, silt, and clay). The calibrated horizontal hydraulic conductivity values of the coarse-grained materials in the zone above the Corcoran Clay in the regional model and of the sand hydrofacies used in the local model were about equal (30?80 m/d [meter per day]), and the vertical hydraulic conductivity values in the same zone of the regional model (median of 0.012 m/d), which is dominated by the finer-grained materials, were about an order of magnitude less than that for the clay hydrofacies in the local model.\r\n\r\nData used for calibrating both models included long-term hourly water-level measurements in 20 short-screened wells installed by the USGS in the Modesto and Merced River areas. Additional calibration data for the regional model included water-level measurements in 11 wells upslope and 17 wells downslope from these areas. The root mean square error was 2.3 m (meter) for all wells in the regional model and 0.8 m for only the USGS wells; the associated average errors were 0.9 m and 0.3 m, respectively. The root mean square error for the 12 USGS wells along a transect in the local model area was 0.08 m; the average error was 0.0 m. Particle tracking was used with the local model to estimate the concentration of an environmental tracer, sulfur hexafluoride, in 10 USGS transect wells near the Merced River that were sampled for this constituent. Measured and estimated concentrations in the mid-depth and deepest wells, which would be most sensitive to errors in hydraulic conductivity estimates, were consistent. The combined results of particle tracking and sulfur hexafluoride analysis suggest that most water sampled from the transect wells was recharged less that 25 years ago.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075009","usgsCitation":"Phillips, S.P., Green, C.T., Burow, K.R., Shelton, J.L., and Rewis, D.L., 2007, Simulation of Multiscale Ground-Water Flow in Part of the Northeastern San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5009, viii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075009.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9307,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f309b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rewis, Diane L. dlrewis@usgs.gov","contributorId":1511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rewis","given":"Diane","email":"dlrewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200425,"text":"70200425 - 2007 - Estimating cleanup times for groundwater contamination remediation strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:11:22","indexId":"70200425","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-01T10:11:04","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2136,"text":"Journal - American Water Works Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating cleanup times for groundwater contamination remediation strategies","docAbstract":"This article presents the Natural Attenuation Software (NAS), available as a free download from Virginia Polytechnic University, which can help remedial project managers and their contractors estimate the time of groundwater remediation through consideration of such natural attenuation processes as advection, dispersion, sorption, source zone depletion, and biodegradation. NAS consists of a combination of computational tools implemented in three main interactive modules. The article discusses testing and evaluation of NAS along with expected benefits of the software tool.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Works Association","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2007.tb07886.x","usgsCitation":"Miner, G., Widdowson, M.A., Mendez, E., and Chapelle, F.H., 2007, Estimating cleanup times for groundwater contamination remediation strategies: Journal - American Water Works Association, v. 99, no. 3, p. 40-46, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2007.tb07886.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"46","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10d9eee4b034bf6a7fc533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miner, Gary","contributorId":209768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miner","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, Mark A.","contributorId":90379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mendez, Eduardo III","contributorId":86838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendez","given":"Eduardo","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79668,"text":"sir20075027 - 2007 - Hydrology and glacier-lake-outburst floods (1987-2004) and water quality (1998-2003) of the Taku River near Juneau, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T22:52:40.584659","indexId":"sir20075027","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5027","title":"Hydrology and glacier-lake-outburst floods (1987-2004) and water quality (1998-2003) of the Taku River near Juneau, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Taku River Basin originates in British Columbia, Canada, and drains an area of 6,600 square miles at the U.S. Geological Survey's Taku River gaging station. Several mines operated within the basin prior to 1957, and mineral exploration has resumed signaling potential for future mining developments. The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Douglas Indian Association, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted a water-quality and flood-hydrology study of the Taku River. Water-quality sampling of the Taku River from 1998 through 2003 established a baseline for assessing potential effects of future mining operations on water quality.\r\n\r\nThe annual mean discharge of the Taku River is 13,700 cubic feet per second. The monthly mean discharge ranges from a minimum of 1,940 cubic feet per second in February to a maximum of 34,400 cubic feet per second in June. Nearly 90 percent of the annual discharge is from May through November. The highest spring discharges are sourced primarily from snowmelt and moderate discharges are sustained throughout the summer by glacial meltwaters. An ice cover usually forms over the Taku River in December persisting through the winter into March and occasionally into April.\r\n\r\nGlacier-lake-outburst floods originating from two glacier-dammed lakes along the margin of the Tulsequah Glacier in British Columbia, Canada, are the source of the greatest peak discharges on the Taku River. The largest flood during the period of record was 128,000 cubic feet per second on June 25, 2004, resulting from an outburst of Lake No Lake. Lake No Lake is the larger of the two lakes. The outburst-flood contribution to peak discharge was 80,000 cubic feet per second. The volume discharged from Lake No Lake is relatively consistent indicating drainage may be triggered when the lake reaches a critical stage. This suggests prediction of the timing of these outburst floods might be possible if lake-stage data were available. Further increases in the volume of Lake No Lake are unlikely as all tributary glaciers have retreated out of the lake basin. Decreasing outburst-flood volumes from Tulsequah Lake suggests a continued decline in the volume of this lake.\r\n\r\nPhysical and chemical parameters and concentrations of basic water-quality constituents indicate good water quality. Samples collected at the Taku River gaging station contained low concentrations of trace elements in the dissolved phase. Trace elements sampled were within acceptable limits when compared with the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation aquatic-life criteria for fresh waters. The highest concentrations of total trace elements sampled were collected during glacial-outburst floods and likely are associated with suspended sediments. Total trace-element concentrations generally increase with increasing water discharge, although a high correlation for all constituents sampled does not always exist.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Douglas Indian Association,\r\nAlaska Department of Environmental Conservation, and the\r\nU.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Neal, E., 2007, Hydrology and glacier-lake-outburst floods (1987-2004) and water quality (1998-2003) of the Taku River near Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5027, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075027.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"34","temporalStart":"1987-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80746.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9305,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taku River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -131,\n 59.5\n ],\n [\n -134.5,\n 59.5\n ],\n [\n -134.5,\n 57.9\n ],\n [\n -131,\n 57.9\n ],\n [\n -131,\n 59.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e92c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157053,"text":"70157053 - 2007 - InSAR imaging of volcanic deformation over cloud-prone areas - Aleutian islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T09:48:02","indexId":"70157053","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"InSAR imaging of volcanic deformation over cloud-prone areas - Aleutian islands","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) is capable of measuring ground-surface deformation with centimeter-tosubcentimeter precision and spatial resolution of tens-of meters over a relatively large region. With its global coverage and all-weather imaging capability, INSAR is an important technique for measuring ground-surface deformation of volcanoes over cloud-prone and rainy regions such as the Aleutian Islands, where only less than 5 percent of optical imagery is usable due to inclement weather conditions. The spatial distribution of surface deformation data, derived from INSAR images, enables the construction of detailed mechanical models to enhance the study of magmatic processes. This paper reviews the basics of INSAR for volcanic deformation mapping and the INSAR studies of ten Aleutian volcanoes associated with both eruptive and noneruptive activity. These studies demonstrate that all-weather INSAR imaging can improve our understanding of how the Aleutian volcanoes work and enhance our capability to predict future eruptions and associated hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.73.3.245","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., 2007, InSAR imaging of volcanic deformation over cloud-prone areas - Aleutian islands: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 73, no. 3, p. 245-257, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.73.3.245.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"257","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.73.3.245","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e96f38e4b0dacf699e7884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":571355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161101,"text":"70161101 - 2007 - Presence and significance of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and other amphibian pathogens at warm-water fish hatcheries in southeastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T11:51:52","indexId":"70161101","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence and significance of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and other amphibian pathogens at warm-water fish hatcheries in southeastern North America","docAbstract":"Amphibian populations and species are declining or disappearing from many regions throughout the world (Stuart et al. 2004). No single cause has been demonstrated, although a number of emerging infectious diseases have been suggested as primary etiologic agents (Berger et al. 1998; Daszak et al. 2003; Lips et al. 2006). Several factors, including climate change, parasite infestation or compromised immune systems may interact locally or regionally to threaten species and populations (Carey and Bryant 1995; Parris and Beaudoin 2004; Pounds et al. 2006). Still, the disease model of amphibian decline may not be universally applicable (Daszak et al. 2005; McCallum 2005).
\nThe impacts of disease can devastate anuran populations, and declines due to disease, particularly amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, “BD”) and ranaviruses (Berger et al. 1998; Chinchar 2002), are well documented (Daszak et al. 2003; Kiesecker et al. 2004). In addition to the better-known fungi and viruses, an undescribed Perkinsus-like organism also has had serious localized effects on populations of ranid frogs in southeastern North America (e.g. Rana sevosa in Mississippi, various Florida species; unpublished data).
\nIn North America, warm water fish hatcheries supply stock for sport fishing, ecological restoration, and endangered species management. Several million fish may be transported across multiple regions and river drainages in a single restocking event. For example, in 2004 three million bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), originating from Orangeburg National Fish Hatchery (NFH), South Carolina were stocked at Harris Neck National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Georgia as food for a nesting colony of endangered wood storks. This stocking in 2004 transported fish from the upper coastal plain across the Savannah River to the lower coastal plain, and may be responsible for mixing different larval phenotypes of Rana catesbeiana at Harris Neck (Dodd and Barichivich 2007).
\nOur objective was to determine whether diseases known to have detrimental effects on amphibians (ranavirus, BD, mesomycetozoa, protozoa and helminths) are present in amphibian larvae living in warm-water fish hatcheries in the southeastern United States. We further examined hatchery records to assess the extent to which amphibian larvae have been transported throughout various regions and potentially contribute to spreading emerging infectious diseases.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Green, D.E., and Dodd, C.K., 2007, Presence and significance of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and other amphibian pathogens at warm-water fish hatcheries in southeastern North America: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 2, no. 1, p. 43-47.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-81.677535,36.588117],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.533012,35.787377],[-75.960069,36.495025],[-75.791637,36.082267],[-76.132005,36.287773],[-76.191715,36.107197],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.575936,36.006167],[-76.721445,36.147838],[-76.675462,36.266882],[-76.722996,36.066585],[-76.608052,35.936668],[-76.093697,35.993001],[-76.046813,35.717935],[-75.86042,35.978262],[-75.713502,35.693993],[-76.165392,35.328659],[-76.499251,35.381492],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.476706,35.511707],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-76.472273,35.294936],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.958465,35.047647],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.332044,34.970917],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.093349,35.048705],[-76.524199,34.615416],[-76.990262,34.669623],[-77.556943,34.417218],[-77.956881,33.87779],[-78.383964,33.901946],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-79.968468,32.639732],[-80.413487,32.470672],[-80.466342,32.31917],[-80.905378,32.051943],[-80.841913,32.002643],[-81.065255,31.877095],[-81.254218,31.55594],[-81.17831,31.52241],[-81.276862,31.254734],[-81.490586,30.984952],[-81.408484,30.977718],[-81.308978,29.96944],[-80.995423,29.206052],[-80.567361,28.562353],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.152896,25.702855],[-80.229107,25.732509],[-80.409103,25.25346],[-80.777499,25.135047],[-81.142278,25.183],[-81.117265,25.354953],[-81.362272,25.824401],[-81.678287,25.845301],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-82.094748,26.48393],[-82.076349,26.958263],[-82.232193,26.78288],[-82.675121,27.424318],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.716522,27.958398],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.721622,27.663908],[-82.851126,27.8863],[-82.674787,28.441956],[-82.702618,28.932955],[-83.679219,29.918513],[-84.245668,30.093021],[-84.335953,29.912962],[-85.343619,29.672004],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-86.2987,30.363049],[-88.014572,30.222366],[-87.766626,30.262353],[-88.008396,30.684956],[-88.115432,30.35657],[-88.341345,30.38947],[-88.468879,31.930262],[-88.097888,34.892202],[-88.253825,34.995553],[-90.309297,34.995694],[-90.09061,35.118287],[-90.166594,35.274588],[-89.992975,35.560774],[-89.923161,35.514428],[-89.915491,35.754917],[-89.68182,35.88999],[-89.699677,36.230821],[-89.534507,36.261802],[-89.5391,36.498201],[-88.045304,36.504081],[-88.068208,36.659747],[-87.872062,36.665089],[-81.677535,36.588117]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.451267,24.747464],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.765993,24.552103],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-85.036219,29.588919],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.038403,26.456907],[-82.186441,26.489221],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.611693,24.93842],[-80.192336,25.473331],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.523952,35.318198],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-75.982812,35.081513],[-75.753765,35.199612]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alabama\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf748e4b0e7a44bc0f181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, D. Earl david_green@usgs.gov","contributorId":75883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"david_green@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C. Kenneth Jr.","contributorId":89215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79656,"text":"ofr20071013 - 2007 - A 3-Dimensional Model of Water-Bearing Sequences in the Dominguez Gap Region, Long Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"ofr20071013","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1013","title":"A 3-Dimensional Model of Water-Bearing Sequences in the Dominguez Gap Region, Long Beach, California","docAbstract":"A 3-dimensional computer model of the Quaternary sequence stratigraphy in the Dominguez gap region of Long Beach, California has been developed to provide a robust chronostratigraphic framework for hydrologic and tectonic studies. The model consists of 13 layers within a 16.5 by 16.1 km (10.25 by 10 mile) square area and extends downward to an altitude of -900 meters (-2952.76 feet). Ten sequences of late Pliocene to Holocene age are identified and correlated within the model. Primary data to build the model comes from five reference core holes, extensive high-resolution seismic data obtained in San Pedro Bay, and logs from several hundred water and oil wells drilled in the region. The model is best constrained in the vicinity of the Dominguez gap seawater intrusion barrier where a dense network of subsurface data exist. The resultant stratigraphic framework and geologic structure differs significantly from what has been proposed in earlier studies. \r\n\r\nAn important new discovery from this approach is the recognition of ongoing tectonic deformation throughout nearly all of Quaternary time that has impacted the geometry and character of the sequences. Anticlinal folding along a NW-SE trend, probably associated with Quaternary reactivation of the Wilmington anticline, has uplifted and thinned deposits along the fold crest, which intersects the Dominguez gap seawater barrier near Pacific Coast Highway. A W-NW trending fault system that approximately parallels the fold crest has also been identified. This fault progressively displaces all but the youngest sequences down to the north and serves as the southern termination of the classic Silverado aquifer. \r\n\r\nUplift and erosion of fining-upward paralic sequences along the crest of the young fold has removed or thinned many of the fine-grained beds that serve to protect the underlying Silverado aquifer from seawater contaminated shallow groundwater. As a result of this process, the potential exists for vertical migration of seawater into the producing aquifers and subsequent landward migration of intruded waters beneath the existing Dominguez barrier. Incipient invasion of the Silverado aquifer by chloride-enriched waters is observed in a recently drilled well located along the crest of the fold seaward of the barrier and at a depth of 440 feet (134 meters). \r\n\r\nThese new observations and interpretations indicate that the new sequence-based approach to defining the stratigraphy of the Dominguez Gap area may have important implications for seawater intrusion management. To test this, it will be useful to overlay existing water-quality and water level data onto the framework model and to incorporate the new stratigraphy into a transport model.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071013","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works and Water Replenishment District of Southern California","usgsCitation":"Ponti, D.J., Ehman, K.D., Edwards, B.D., Tinsley, J., Hildenbrand, T., Hillhouse, J.W., Hanson, R.T., McDougall, K., Powell, C.L., Wan, E., Land, M., Mahan, S., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., 2007, A 3-Dimensional Model of Water-Bearing Sequences in the Dominguez Gap Region, Long Beach, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1013, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071013.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"38","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":648,"text":"Western Earthquake Hazards","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9292,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,33.5 ], [ -118.5,34 ], [ -118,34 ], [ -118,33.5 ], [ -118.5,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd493ee4b0b290850ef04e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehman, Kenneth D.","contributorId":64745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehman","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tinsley, John C. III jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John C.","suffix":"III","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas","contributorId":100956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hillhouse, John W. 0000-0002-1371-4622 jhillhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1371-4622","contributorId":2618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","email":"jhillhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McDougall, Kristen 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":52673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wan, Elmira 0000-0002-9255-112X ewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-112X","contributorId":3434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Elmira","email":"ewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":19239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":79652,"text":"sir20065278 - 2007 - Nutrient Loads and Ground-Water Residence Times in an Agricultural Basin in North-Central Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20065278","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5278","title":"Nutrient Loads and Ground-Water Residence Times in an Agricultural Basin in North-Central Connecticut","docAbstract":"Nutrient loads from ground-water discharge were studied in Broad Brook Basin, a 15.8-square mile basin in north-central Connecticut, dominated by agricultural activity. Loads were calculated, along with the travel times of ground water from recharge to discharge areas, to estimate the time required for the effects of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to be observed. Most concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in Broad Brook exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ecoregion XIV nutrient criteria for streams. During the study period (1993-2004), annual loads of nitrogen from Broad Brook Basin ranged from 117,000 to 270,000 pounds (lb), and yields were about 10 times larger than those from forested basins in\r\nConnecticut.\r\n\r\nGround-water discharge from the aquifer to the streams (base flow) during the study period was estimated with hydrograph separation and accounted for 82 percent of the total runoff from the basin. Nitrate nitrogen in base flow averaged 71 percent of the annual load of total nitrogen discharged from the basin, indicating that the largest source of nitrogen was likely from ground-water discharge. Annual loads of total phosphorus from the basin ranged from 2,330 to 14,400 lb, and yields were about five times higher than those from forested basins in Connecticut. Dissolved phosphorus averaged about 71 percent of the total phosphorus load, and ground-water discharge accounted for only as much as 40 percent of the annual load of dissolved phosphorus; therefore, phosphorus loads are dominated by stormwater-runoff events.\r\n\r\nGround-water samples collected from 11 wells in the basin contained elevated concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen. Dissolved gas analyses indicated that little denitrification was occurring in the aquifer. Apparent ages of the ground-water samples ranged from greater than 2 to more than 50 years based on sulfur hexafluoride, tritium, and tritium/helium-3 analyses. A three-dimensional ground-water-flow model was used in conjunction with a particle-tracking program to determine advective travel times to streams from all subareas in the basin. The model simulations indicated that about half the discharge to Broad Brook and its tributaries was recharged more than 10 years ago, and that about 8 percent of the discharge was recharged prior to 1960.\r\n\r\nThe effects of changes in nitrate nitrogen loading at the water table were evaluated by applying new loading rates from urban and agricultural land and the simulated advective ground-water travel times. Five scenarios were tested: reducing estimated nitrate nitrogen concentrations in recharging ground water under urban and agricultural land areas to concentrations in forested areas; reducing estimated nitrate nitrogen concentrations under urban and agricultural land areas to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended nutrient criteria for streams; and reducing estimated nitrate nitrogen concentrations under urban and agricultural land areas by 50 percent, 10 percent, and 5 percent. Under the first two scenarios, the base-flow load of nitrate nitrogen could be reduced by 25 percent in slightly more than 5 years, although the reduction required by these scenarios is likely unrealistic. A 25-percent reduction in base-flow load of nitrate nitrogen could be achieved in about 10 years under the third scenario (where concentrations from urban and agricultural areas were reduced by 50 percent). Under this scenario, a 46-percent reduction could be achieved in about 60 years. The scenarios indicate that in this basin, and in other similar basins in Connecticut underlain by extensive glacial stratified deposits, there can be a substantial time lag between activities at the land surface and effects on the quality of water discharged to streams from ground water. This finding may be important in the expectations for water-quality improvements from land-use changes or BMPs.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065278","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., 2007, Nutrient Loads and Ground-Water Residence Times in an Agricultural Basin in North-Central Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5278, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065278.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9290,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5278/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6967d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79647,"text":"sir20075007 - 2007 - Estimates of ground-water recharge to the Yakima River Basin aquifer system, Washington, for predevelopment and current land-use and land-cover conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T20:53:14.457493","indexId":"sir20075007","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5007","title":"Estimates of ground-water recharge to the Yakima River Basin aquifer system, Washington, for predevelopment and current land-use and land-cover conditions","docAbstract":"Two models were used to estimate ground-water recharge to the Yakima River Basin aquifer system, Washington for predevelopment (estimate of natural conditions) and current (a multi-year, 1995-2004, composite) land-use and land-cover conditions. The models were the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Deep Percolation Model (DPM) that are contained in the U.S. Geological Survey's Modular Modeling System. Daily values of recharge were estimated for water years 1950-98 using previously developed PRMS-watershed models for four mainly forested upland areas, and for water years 1950-2003 using DPM applied to 17 semiarid to arid areas in the basin. The mean annual recharge under predevelopment conditions was estimated to be about 11.9 in. or 5,450 ft3/s (about 3.9 million acre-ft) for the 6,207 mi2 in the modeled area. In the modeled areas, recharge ranged from 0.08 in. (1.2 ft3/s) to 34 in. (2,825 ft3/s). About 97 percent of the recharge occurred in the 3,667 mi2 area included in the upland-area models, but much of this quantity is not available to recharge the bedrock hydrogeologic units. Only about 1.0 in., or 187 ft3/s (about 0.14 million acre-ft), was estimated to occur in the 2,540 mi2 area included in the semiarid to arid lowland modeled areas. The mean annual recharge to the aquifer system under current conditions was estimated to be about 15.6 in., or 7,149 ft3/s (about 5.2 million acre-ft). The increase in recharge is due to the application of irrigation water to croplands. The annual quantity of irrigation was more than five times the annual precipitation for some of the modeled areas. Mean annual actual evapotranspiration was estimated to have increased from predevelopment conditions by more than 1,700 ft3/s (about 1.2 million acre-ft) due to irrigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, Yakama Nation, and Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., and Olsen, T.D., 2007, Estimates of ground-water recharge to the Yakima River Basin aquifer system, Washington, for predevelopment and current land-use and land-cover conditions (Version 1.2, Revised Apr 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5007, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075007.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"36","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80745.htm"},{"id":9285,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River Basin aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -119.2208,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -119.2208,\n 47.6\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 47.6\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.2, Revised Apr 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, T. D.","contributorId":41463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79641,"text":"sir20065308 - 2007 - Proceedings of the First All-USGS Modeling Conference, November 14-17, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T19:54:56","indexId":"sir20065308","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5308","title":"Proceedings of the First All-USGS Modeling Conference, November 14-17, 2005","docAbstract":"Preface: The First All-USGS Modeling Conference was held November 14-17, 2005, in Port Angeles, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) participants at the conference came from USGS headquarters and all USGS regions and represented all four science disciplines-Biology, Geography, Geology, and Water. The conference centered on selected oral case study presentations and posters on current USGS scientific modeling capabilities and activities. Abstracts for these case study presentations and posters are presented here.\r\n\r\nOn behalf of all the participants of the First All-USGS Modeling Conference, we appreciate the support of Dee Ann Nelson and the staff of the Olympic Park Institute in providing the conference facilities; Dr. Jerry Freilich and Dr. Brian Winter of the National Park Service, Olympic National Park, for organizing and leading the conference field trip; and Debra Becker and Amy Newman, USGS Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, and Tammy Hansel, USGS Geospatial Information Office, Reston, Virginia, for providing technical support for the conference.\r\n\r\nThe organizing committee for the conference included Jenifer Bracewell, Jacoby Carter, Jeff Duda, Anne Frondorf, Linda Gundersen, Tom Gunther, Pat Jellison, Rama Kotra, George Leavesley, and Doug Muchoney.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065308","usgsCitation":"2007, Proceedings of the First All-USGS Modeling Conference, November 14-17, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5308, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065308.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-11-14","temporalEnd":"2005-11-17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":195800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9275,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5308/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ce4b07f02db65e89d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Frondorf, Anne","contributorId":9738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frondorf","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745453,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79636,"text":"ofr20071047 - 2007 - Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T15:56:50","indexId":"ofr20071047","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047","title":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","docAbstract":"Overview: The International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences (ISAES) is held once every four years to provide an international forum for presenting research results and new ideas and for planning future Antarctic geoscience research projects. This Tenth ISAES coincides with the International Polar Year (IPY; 50th Anniversary of the International Geophysical Year) and has been structured to showcase the great breadth of geoscience research being done in Antarctic regions by more than more than 100 institutions located in over 30 countries. The science program of the Symposium encompasses six broad themes that cover key topics on evolution and interactions of the geosphere, cryosphere and biosphere and their cross-linkages with past and historic paleoclimates. Emphasis is also on deciphering the climate records in ice cores, geologic cores, rock outcrops and those inferred from climate models. New technologies for the coming decades of geoscience data collection are also highlighted. Ten keynote presentations at the symposium outline the foundation for the research sessions of the symposium and the structure of the Online Proceedings and Proceedings Book for the Tenth ISAES. \r\n\r\nThe ISAES is traditionally a cornerstone meeting for the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). In recognition of the Tenth ISAES being held in the U.S. for the first time in 30 years and during IPY, the publication of the symposium proceedings is being handled as a special collaborative effort of the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. Geological Survey, The National Academies Polar Research Board and The National Academies Press. The National Academies Polar Research Board oversees the activities of SCAR in the U.S. \r\n\r\nSpecial attention has been directed at publication formats for the symposium, to expedite the open and wide sharing of mature and preliminary research results presented in talks and posters at the Tenth ISAES. All symposium presentations are documented by a short Summary printed in the Symposium Program Booklet and either a short research paper or an extended abstract. The research papers and extended abstracts are compiled in this Online Proceedings and are replicated on a DVD-ROM that is placed in the back of the Tenth ISAES Proceedings Book. The Proceedings Book has printed versions of the keynote talks and an overview paper of the symposium. \r\n\r\nThe short research papers and extended abstracts have been handled differently. Research papers present mature research results and syntheses. They have been peer-reviewed using standard journal procedures. Following revisions and acceptances by co-editors, the papers have been formatted for publication and proofread by authors. Each paper has been assigned a Digital Object Identification (DOI) number and separate html link, and posted online (as part of this USGS Open-File Report series) to ensure open and wide access to the research results. \r\n\r\nExtended abstracts focus on preliminary research results and have not been peer reviewed. They have had only minimal editorial review and revision. Authors have formatted and proofread their papers. Extended abstracts were not given DOI numbers and are included together in a separate chapter of this online Proceedings. \r\n\r\nUSGS publications staff and Stanford-student editorial assistants indexed and compiled the PDF versions of the short research papers and extended abstracts for inclusion in this online Proceedings. USGS staff created the master DVD-ROM that contains a replica of the Online Proceedings for the Tenth ISAES, and provided the DVD-ROM copies that are included in the Tenth ISAES Proceedings Book published by The National Academies Press in the U.S. A team of more than 25 co-editors coordinated with the numerous authors and peer reviewers in handling the many research papers and extended abstracts that are included herein. Handling the large volume of short papers and extended abstracts, getting most of them onli","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/of2007-1047","issn":"01961497 ","isbn":"1411317882 ","usgsCitation":"2007, Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047, DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/of2007-1047.","productDescription":"DVD-ROM","temporalStart":"2007-08-26","temporalEnd":"2007-09-01","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047.jpg"},{"id":9267,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 180,-90 ], [ 180,-57 ], [ -180,-57 ], [ -180,-90 ], [ 180,-90 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b622","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cooper, Alan","contributorId":74242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504046,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raymond, Carol","contributorId":113907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504048,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ISAES Editorial Team","contributorId":128301,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"ISAES Editorial Team","id":536185,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180921,"text":"70180921 - 2007 - Interannual covariability between actual evapotranspiration and PAL and GIMMS NDVIs of northern Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T10:35:29","indexId":"70180921","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual covariability between actual evapotranspiration and PAL and GIMMS NDVIs of northern Asia","docAbstract":"This study examined the covariability between interannual changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and actual evapotranspiration (ET). To reduce possible uncertainty in the NDVI time series, two NDVI datasets derived from Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) data and the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies (GIMMS) group were used. Analyses were conducted using data over northern Asia from 1982 to 2000. Interannual changes over 19 years in the PAL-NDVI and GIMMS-NDVI were compared with interannual changes in ET estimated from model-assimilated atmospheric data and gridded precipitation data. For both NDVI datasets, the annual maximum correlation with ET occurred in June, which is the beginning of the vegetation growing season. The PAL and GIMMS datasets showed a significant, positive correlation between interannual changes in the NDVI and ET over most of the vegetated land area in June. These results suggest that interannual changes in vegetation activity predominantly control interannual changes in ET in June. Based on analyses of interannual changes in temperature, precipitation, and the NDVI in June, the study area can be roughly divided into two regions, the warmth-dominated northernmost region and the wetness-dominated southern region, indicating that interannual changes in vegetation and the resultant interannual changes in ET are controlled by warmth and wetness in these two regions, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.016","usgsCitation":"Suzuki, R., Masuda, K., and Dye, D.G., 2007, Interannual covariability between actual evapotranspiration and PAL and GIMMS NDVIs of northern Asia: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 106, no. 3, p. 387-398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.016.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c3fe4b0efcedb741072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suzuki, Rikie","contributorId":179126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suzuki","given":"Rikie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masuda, Kooiti","contributorId":179127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masuda","given":"Kooiti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dye, Dennis G. 0000-0002-7100-272X ddye@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7100-272X","contributorId":4233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dye","given":"Dennis","email":"ddye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79632,"text":"ofr20071050 - 2007 - Ecological Investigations of the Federally Endangered Shivwits Milk-Vetch (Astragalus ampullarioides)--2006 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20071050","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1050","title":"Ecological Investigations of the Federally Endangered Shivwits Milk-Vetch (Astragalus ampullarioides)--2006 Annual Report","docAbstract":"Astragalus ampullarioides (Welsh) Welsh, the Shivwits milk-vetch, is an herbaceous perennial legume that was listed as federally endangered in September 2001. Known populations of this edaphic endemic species are restricted to Washington County, Utah, with the majority of occurrences found on gently sloping outcrops of the Triassic Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation at the edge of the Mojave Desert. At the time of listing in 2001, surveys estimated a total of 1000 individuals for the species. In April-May 2006, surveys estimated approximately 4205 individuals distributed among six populations. Of the total number of individuals estimated in spring 2006, over 75 percent were distributed among three subpopulations in Zion National Park and approximately 60 percent occurred at a single 0.3-ha site in the Park. In addition to small population sizes and limited geographic distributions, the species is threatened to varying degrees by urbanization, livestock grazing, off-road vehicle use, and invasive exotic plants. \r\n\r\nIn April 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated ecological investigations of the Shivwits milk-vetch to support conservation management and recovery of the species by the National Park Service (NPS; Zion National Park), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Shivwits Band of the Paiute Tribe, and other cooperators such as The Nature Conservancy of Utah (TNC). To date, funding for this research has been provided by the Southwest Biological Science Center of the USGS Biological Resources Discipline, the USGS-NPS Park-Oriented Biological Support Project, and the Earth Surface Dynamics Program of the USGS Geologic Discipline. Additional logistical support has been provided by the Bureau of Land Management, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. \r\n\r\nGeneral objectives of this research are (1) to develop a better understanding of species-environment relations to support habitat modelling, future surveys for additional recovery populations, and potential efforts to establish new recovery populations; and (2) to evaluate effects of invasive exotic plants on habitat conditions and measures of milk-vetch performance. Specific objectives are to: \r\n\r\n\r\nDescribe the distribution and abundance of milk-vetch populations and associated invasive exotic plant species within and outside of Zion National Park (Zion NP) in relation to geologic / geomorphic setting, soil properties, and plant community composition. \r\n\r\nIn a field setting in Zion NP, conduct experiments to evaluate effects of invasive exotic plants on reproductive output and seedling establishment of A. ampullarioides across a gradient of exotic species biomass. \r\n\r\nConduct greenhouse studies and analyze soils to evaluate effects of invasive exotic plants on soil biological properties (including mycorrhizal inocculation potential) that affect cycling and plant uptake of essential mineral nutrients. \r\n\r\nBased on environmental characteristics of known population locations, use Geographic Information System (GIS) tools to prepare a predictive habitat model that can be used to guide future surveys and efforts to evaluate sites for reintroduction efforts. \r\n\r\nThis report describes 2006 progress and future plans for achieving these four objectives. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071050","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service, Zion National Park","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.E., Mann, R.K., Goldstein, H.L., and Yount, J.D., 2007, Ecological Investigations of the Federally Endangered Shivwits Milk-Vetch (Astragalus ampullarioides)--2006 Annual Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1050, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071050.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"46","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9261,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,37 ], [ -114,38 ], [ -112,38 ], [ -112,37 ], [ -114,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":290435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Rebecca K.","contributorId":62692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yount, James D.","contributorId":54686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79624,"text":"tm4E1 - 2007 - Guidelines for preparation of State water-use estimates for 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"tm4E1","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-E1","title":"Guidelines for preparation of State water-use estimates for 2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has estimated the use of water in the United States at 5-year intervals since 1950. This report describes the water-use categories and data elements required for the 2005 national water-use compilation conducted as part of the USGS National Water Use Information Program. The report identifies sources of water-use information, provides standard methods and techniques for estimating water use at the county level, and outlines steps for preparing documentation for the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.\r\n\r\nAs part of this USGS program to document water use on a national scale for the year 2005, estimates of water withdrawals for the categories of public supply, self-supplied domestic, industrial, irrigation, and thermoelectric power at the county level are prepared for each State using the guidelines in this report. Estimates of water withdrawals for aquaculture, livestock, and mining are prepared for each State using a county-based national model, although study chiefs in each State have the option of producing independent county estimates of water withdrawals for these categories. Estimates of deliveries of water from public supplies for domestic use by county also will be prepared for each State for 2005. As a result, domestic water use can be determined for each State by combining self-supplied domestic withdrawals and publicly supplied domestic deliveries. Fresh ground-water and surfacewater estimates will be prepared for all categories of use; and saline ground-water and surface-water estimates by county will be prepared for the categories of public supply, industrial, and thermoelectric power. Power production for thermoelectric power will be compiled for 2005. If data are available, reclaimed wastewater use will be compiled for the industrial and irrigation categories.\r\n\r\nOptional water-use categories are commercial, hydroelectric power, and wastewater treatment. Optional data elements are public-supply deliveries to commercial, industrial, and thermoelectric-power users; consumptive use; irrigation conveyance loss; and number of facilities. Aggregation of water-use data by eight-digit hydrologic cataloging unit and by principal aquifer also is optional.\r\n\r\nWater-use data compiled by the States will be stored in the USGS Aggregate Water-Use Data System (AWUDS). This database is a comprehensive aggregated database designed to store both mandatory and optional data elements. AWUDS contains several routines that can be used for quality assurance and quality control of the data, and produces tables of wateruse data compiled for 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm4E1","collaboration":"Book 4, Chapter E1","usgsCitation":"Hutson, S.S., 2007, Guidelines for preparation of State water-use estimates for 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-E1, viii, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4E1.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9252,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2007/tm4e1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutson, Susan S. sshutson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutson","given":"Susan","email":"sshutson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79617,"text":"sir20065318 - 2007 - A Deep Percolation Model for Estimating Ground-Water Recharge: Documentation of Modules for the Modular Modeling System of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"sir20065318","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5318","title":"A Deep Percolation Model for Estimating Ground-Water Recharge: Documentation of Modules for the Modular Modeling System of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"A daily water-budget model for estimating ground-water recharge, the Deep Percolation Model, was modularized for inclusion into the U.S. Geological Survey's Modular Modeling System. The model was modularized in order to facilitate estimation of ground-water recharge under a large range in climatic, landscape, and land-use and land-cover conditions. The model can be applied to areas as large as regions or as small as a field plot.\r\n\r\nAn overview of the Modular Modeling System and the Deep Percolation Model is presented. Data requirements, parameters, and variables for the model are described. The modules that compose the Deep Percolation Model are documented.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065318","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, Yakama Nation, and Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., 2007, A Deep Percolation Model for Estimating Ground-Water Recharge: Documentation of Modules for the Modular Modeling System of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5318, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065318.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9240,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4952e4b0b290850ef0d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79616,"text":"ofr20071011 - 2007 - Circulation and physical processes within the San Gabriel River Estuary during summer 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:58:43","indexId":"ofr20071011","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1011","title":"Circulation and physical processes within the San Gabriel River Estuary during summer 2005","docAbstract":"The Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP) is developing a hydrodynamic model of the SGR estuary, which is part of the comprehensive water-quality model of the SGR estuary and watershed investigated by SCCWRP and other local agencies. The hydrodynamic model will help understanding of 1) the exchange processes between the estuary and coastal ocean; 2) the circulation patterns in the estuary; 3) upstream natural runoff and the cooling discharge from PGS.
\nLike all models, the SGR hydrodynamic model is only useful after it is fully calibrated and validated. In May 2005, SCCWRP requested the assistance of the U.S. geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology team (CMG) in collecting data on the hydrodynamic conditions in the estuary during the summer dry season. The summer was chosen for field data collection as this was assumed to be the season with the greatest potential for chronic degraded water quality due to low river flow and high thermal stratification within the estuary (due to both higher average air temperature and PGS output). Water quality can be degraded in winter as well, when higher river discharge events bring large volumes of water from the Los Angeles basin into the estuary. The objectives of this project were to 1) collect hydrodynamic data along the SGR estuary; 2) study exchange processes within the estuary through analysis of the hydrodynamic data; and 3) provide field data for model calibration and validation. As the data only exist for the summer season, the results herein only apply to summer conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071011","usgsCitation":"Rosenberger, K., Xu, J., Stein, E.D., Noble, M.A., and Gartner, A.L., 2007, Circulation and physical processes within the San Gabriel River Estuary during summer 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1011, Report: 48 p.; Appendix: 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071011.","productDescription":"Report: 48 p.; Appendix: 66 p.","temporalStart":"2005-05-01","temporalEnd":"2005-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071011.PNG"},{"id":9239,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293761,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1011/of2007-1011Appendices.pdf"},{"id":293760,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1011/of2007-1011.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gabriel River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.25,33.666667 ], [ -118.25,33.75 ], [ -118.0,33.75 ], [ -118.0,33.666667 ], [ -118.25,33.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672cb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J.","contributorId":12934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, Eric D.","contributorId":20023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gartner, Anne L.","contributorId":32620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}