At an active volcano, Very-Long-Period (VLP) seismicity (with typical periods in the range 2-100 s) reflects pressure fluctuations resulting from unsteady mass transport in the sub-surface plumbing system, and hence provides a glimpse of the internal dynamics of the volcanic edifice. Understanding the fundamental fluid-flow mechanisms involved in the generation of VLP seismic events is, therefore, key to improving eruption prediction and developing insight into the dynamics of fluid movement in volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières","publisherLocation":"Paris, France","issn":"1772094X","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., 2006, Modelling and understanding volcanic processes using high-quality seismological data: Géosciences, v. 2006, no. 4, p. 56-63.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c60e4b0c8380cd6fc41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028379,"text":"70028379 - 2006 - Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028379","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs","docAbstract":"As in John Godfrey Saxe's poem about six blind men and an elephant, conclusions drawn from a monitoring program depend critically on where and when observations are made. We examined results from the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) spawning survey to evaluate the effect of spatial and temporal coverage on conclusions about spawning activity. Declines due to previously unregulated harvest triggered an increase in monitoring. Although we detected no apparent trend in bay-wide spawning activity for 1999-2005, conclusions would have differed depending on where and when observations were made. For example, spawning activity in May during the shorebird stopover was a poor predictor of spawning activity over the whole season. Observations made only during peak spawning incorrectly suggested that spawning activity increased during 2001-2005. Trends at one place in the bay were not indicative of trends for the whole bay. Many natural resource issues begin like the blind men and the elephant with dispute partially caused by an incomplete picture of the resource. As sufficient time and funds are directed to gathering necessary data using effective sampling designs, a more complete picture can emerge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[485:STE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., and Michels, S., 2006, Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs: Fisheries, v. 31, no. 10, p. 485-491, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[485:STE]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"485","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210434,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[485:STE]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8acce4b08c986b3173b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michels, S.F.","contributorId":34867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michels","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028374,"text":"70028374 - 2006 - Incised valley fill interpretation for Mississippian Black Hand Sandstone, Appalachian Basin, USA: Implications for glacial eustasy at Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tn2-Tn3) boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028374","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incised valley fill interpretation for Mississippian Black Hand Sandstone, Appalachian Basin, USA: Implications for glacial eustasy at Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tn2-Tn3) boundary","docAbstract":"Lower Mississippian strata of east-central Ohio are predominantly fine-grained marine deposits of the Cuyahoga and Logan formations. Within these sediments is the Black Hand Sandstone of the Cuyahoga Formation. The Black Hand Sandstone is a multistory, crossbedded, coarse-grained conglomeratic sandstone. The contact between the Black Hand Sandstone and the subjacent Cuyahoga Formation is sharp and scoured, with intraclasts of the Cuyahoga Formation incorporated into the basal Black Hand Sandstone. The Black Hand Sandstone was previously thought to represent a distributary channel deposit; however, the combination of lithofacies and architectural elements indicates deposition in a braided stream setting. The Cuyahoga Formation was deposited in a shallow marine setting. The erosional basal contact of the Black Hand Sandstone and the juxtaposition of fluvial and marine sediments suggests a sequence boundary. The geographic distribution of the Black Hand Sandstone combined with the evidence for a sequence boundary suggests deposition in an incised valley. The age of the Black Hand Sandstone is key to inferring the causes of valley incision. The Black Hand Sandstone is nearly devoid of body fossils, necessitating a biostratigraphic analysis of the surrounding Cuyahoga and Logan formations. Analysis indicates the Logan Formation is early Osagean age. Data from the Cuyahoga Formation suggest a Kinderhookian age with a possible transition to the Osagean in the uppermost Cuyahoga Formation. This constrains the age of the Black Hand Sandstone to the transition at the Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary. Recent reports indicate late Kinderhookian (Tournaisian, Tn2) Gondwanan glaciation based upon tillites and sharp excursions in stable-isotope curves. A glacio-eustatic fall in sea level is inferred to have caused incision of the Cuyahoga Formation, followed by deposition of the Black Hand Sandstone and Logan Formation during the subsequent sea level rise. The associated unconformity correlates to the sequence boundary at the Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary in the stratotype area of North America, and the correlative Tn2-Tn3 boundary worldwide, supporting the hypothesis of a global eustatic event at this time. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.02.002","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Matchen, D., and Kammer, T.W., 2006, Incised valley fill interpretation for Mississippian Black Hand Sandstone, Appalachian Basin, USA: Implications for glacial eustasy at Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tn2-Tn3) boundary: Sedimentary Geology, v. 191, no. 1-2, p. 89-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.02.002.","startPage":"89","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210379,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.02.002"},{"id":237277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"191","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39dfe4b0c8380cd61a7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matchen, D.L.","contributorId":44733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchen","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kammer, T. W.","contributorId":9208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028371,"text":"70028371 - 2006 - Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028371","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils","docAbstract":"Soil microbial communities are closely associated with aboveground plant communities, with multiple potential drivers of this relationship. Plants can affect available soil carbon, temperature, and water content, which each have the potential to affect microbial community composition and function. These same variables change seasonally, and thus plant control on microbial community composition may be modulated or overshadowed by annual climatic patterns. We examined microbial community composition, C cycling processes, and environmental data in California annual grassland soils from beneath oak canopies and in open grassland areas to distinguish factors controlling microbial community composition and function seasonally and in association with the two plant overstory communities. Every 3 months for up to 2 years, we monitored microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, microbial biomass, respiration rates, microbial enzyme activities, and the activity of microbial groups using isotope labeling of PLFA biomarkers (13C-PLFA) . Distinct microbial communities were associated with oak canopy soils and open grassland soils and microbial communities displayed seasonal patterns from year to year. The effects of plant species and seasonal climate on microbial community composition were similar in magnitude. In this Mediterranean ecosystem, plant control of microbial community composition was primarily due to effects on soil water content, whereas the changes in microbial community composition seasonally appeared to be due, in large part, to soil temperature. Available soil carbon was not a significant control on microbial community composition. Microbial community composition (PLFA) and 13C-PLFA ordination values were strongly related to intra-annual variability in soil enzyme activities and soil respiration, but microbial biomass was not. In this Mediterranean climate, soil microclimate appeared to be the master variable controlling microbial community composition and function. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., and Firestone, M., 2006, Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils: Microbial Ecology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 470-479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6.","startPage":"470","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6"},{"id":237207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b889be4b08c986b316a6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firestone, M.K.","contributorId":10593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028364,"text":"70028364 - 2006 - Nest survival of clay-colored and vesper sparrows in relation to woodland edge in mixed-grass prairies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:23:10","indexId":"70028364","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest survival of clay-colored and vesper sparrows in relation to woodland edge in mixed-grass prairies","docAbstract":"The quantity and quality of northern mixed-grass prairie continues to decline because of conversion to agriculture, invasion of woody and exotic plants, and disruption of important ecological processes that shape grasslands. Declines in grassland bird populations in North Dakota, USA, have coincided with these largely anthropogenic alterations to prairie habitat. In grasslands of north-central and northwestern North Dakota, woody plants have increased due primarily to fire suppression, extirpation of bison (Bos bison), and widescale planting of tree shelter belts. In northern grasslands, effects of woody vegetation on survival of grassland birds are poorly understood, and conclusions are based mainly on studies conducted outside the region. We examined nest survival of clay-colored sparrows (Spizella pallida) and vesper sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) relative to the distance nests were located from aspen (Populus tremuloides,) woodland edges and relative to other habitat features near the nest. Clay-colored and vesper sparrow nest survival was higher for nests located near woodland edges, nests with greater cover of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and nests more concealed by vegetation. Vesper sparrow nest survival increased as the percent cover of tall shrubs near the nest increased. Based on video-camera data, the 13-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus,) was the most common predator of sparrow eggs and young. Thirteen-lined ground squirrels were more common far from woodland edges than near, and this pattern may, in part, explain clay-colored and vesper sparrow nest survival in relation to woodland edges. In contrast to our results, studies conducted in other grassland systems generally report lower nest survival for grassland birds nesting near trees and shrubs. This disparity in results demonstrates the need to identify specific nest predators and their distributions with respect to important habitat features because these data can be important in explaining-and perhaps predicting-patterns of nest predation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[691:NSOCAV]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Grant, T., Madden, E., Shaffer, T., Pietz, P., Berkey, G., and Kadrmas, N., 2006, Nest survival of clay-colored and vesper sparrows in relation to woodland edge in mixed-grass prairies: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 3, p. 691-701, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[691:NSOCAV]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"701","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210241,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[691:NSOCAV]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64a5e4b0c8380cd72a0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, T.A.","contributorId":89855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madden, E.M.","contributorId":28214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, T.L.","contributorId":98245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pietz, P.J.","contributorId":6398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berkey, G.B.","contributorId":73399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkey","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kadrmas, N.J.","contributorId":37140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadrmas","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028363,"text":"70028363 - 2006 - Monitoring planktivorous seabird populations: Validating surface counts of crevice-nesting auklets using mark-resight techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T10:32:30","indexId":"70028363","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring planktivorous seabird populations: Validating surface counts of crevice-nesting auklets using mark-resight techniques","docAbstract":"Least Auklets (Aethia pusilla (Pallas, 1811)) are the most abundant species of seabird in the Bering Sea and offer a relatively efficient means of monitoring secondary productivity in the marine environment. Counting auklets on surface plots is the primary method used to track changes in numbers of these crevice-nesters, but counts can be highly variable and may not be representative of the number of nesting individuals. We compared average maximum counts of Least Auklets on surface plots with density estimates based on mark–resight data at a colony on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, during 2001–2004. Estimates of breeding auklet abundance from mark–resight averaged 8 times greater than those from maximum surface counts. Our results also indicate that average maximum surface counts are poor indicators of breeding auklet abundance and do not vary consistently with auklet nesting density across the breeding colony. Estimates of Least Auklet abundance from mark–resight were sufficiently precise to meet management goals for tracking changes in seabird populations. We recommend establishing multiple permanent banding plots for mark–resight studies on colonies selected for intensive long-term monitoring. Mark–resight is more likely to detect biologically significant changes in size of auklet breeding colonies than traditional surface count techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/Z06-061","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Sheffield, L., Gall, A.E., Roby, D., Irons, D., and Dugger, K., 2006, Monitoring planktivorous seabird populations: Validating surface counts of crevice-nesting auklets using mark-resight techniques: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 84, no. 6, p. 846-854, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z06-061.","startPage":"846","endPage":"854","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z06-061"}],"volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dd3e4b0c8380cd70608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheffield, L.M.","contributorId":40000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheffield","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gall, Adrian E.","contributorId":54396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gall","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, D.B.","contributorId":52922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dugger, K.M.","contributorId":25729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028359,"text":"70028359 - 2006 - Evidence for wing molt and breeding site fidelity in King Eiders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028359","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for wing molt and breeding site fidelity in King Eiders","docAbstract":"Fidelity of King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) to breeding and wing molt sites was examined using satellite telemetry data obtained opportunistically when battery life of transmitters provided locations in a second year. Consecutive breeding locations were obtained for eleven female and 23 male King Eiders. All females exhibited breeding site fidelity by returning to sites within 15 km of first year breeding areas on the North Slope of Alaska. Breeding locations of males in a subsequent year were located on average >1000 km from their prior breeding sites and were primarily outside Alaska, on the coasts of Russia and Canada. Second-year wing molt locations were obtained for two female and six male King Eiders. Wing molt sites of males were located 6.2 ?? 3.1 km apart on average in successive years, while female wing molt locations averaged almost 50 km apart. Our results demonstrate site fidelity of female King Eiders to a breeding area on the North Slope of Alaska, document the dispersal of male King Eiders between breeding seasons, and present the first evidence for wing molt site fidelity in males.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[148:EFWMAB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Phillips, L.M., and Powell, A., 2006, Evidence for wing molt and breeding site fidelity in King Eiders: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 2, p. 148-153, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[148:EFWMAB]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"148","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[148:EFWMAB]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d58e4b0c8380cd52f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Laura M.","contributorId":49497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028356,"text":"70028356 - 2006 - Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028356","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"Shallow high-resolution seismic reflection surveys have traditionally been restricted to either compressional (P) or horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves in order to produce 2-D images of subsurface structure. The northernmost Mississippi embayment and coincident New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) provide an ideal laboratory to study the experimental use of integrating P- and SH-wave seismic profiles, integrated, where practicable, with micro-gravity data. In this area, the relation between \"deeper\" deformation of Paleozoic bedrock associated with the formation of the Reelfoot rift and NMSZ seismicity and \"shallower\" deformation of overlying sediments has remained elusive, but could be revealed using integrated P- and SH-wave reflection. Surface expressions of deformation are almost non-existent in this region, which makes seismic reflection surveying the only means of detecting structures that are possibly pertinent to seismic hazard assessment. Since P- and SH-waves respond differently to the rock and fluid properties and travel at dissimilar speeds, the resulting seismic profiles provide complementary views of the subsurface based on different levels of resolution and imaging capability. P-wave profiles acquired in southwestern Illinois and western Kentucky (USA) detect faulting of deep, Paleozoic bedrock and Cretaceous reflectors while coincident SH-wave surveys show that this deformation propagates higher into overlying Tertiary and Quaternary strata. Forward modeling of micro-gravity data acquired along one of the seismic profiles further supports an interpretation of faulting of bedrock and Cretaceous strata. The integration of the two seismic and the micro-gravity methods therefore increases the scope for investigating the relation between the older and younger deformation in an area of critical seismic hazard. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, C., McBride, J., Pugin, A.J., Ravat, D., Biswas, S., Nelson, W., Larson, T., Sargent, S., Fillerup, M., Tingey, B., Wald, L., Northcott, M., South, J., Okure, M., and Chandler, M., 2006, Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 5-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024.","startPage":"5","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024"},{"id":236996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c87e4b0c8380cd62df6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, C.E.","contributorId":86547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pugin, Andre J. M.","contributorId":31956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugin","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ravat, D.","contributorId":102971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Biswas, S.","contributorId":45888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biswas","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larson, T.H.","contributorId":50666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sargent, S.L.","contributorId":75299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fillerup, M.A.","contributorId":19762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fillerup","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tingey, B.E.","contributorId":73397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wald, L.","contributorId":64845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Northcott, M.L.","contributorId":43557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Northcott","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"South, J.V.","contributorId":72188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"South","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Okure, M.S.","contributorId":98100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okure","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Chandler, M.R.","contributorId":51082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70028355,"text":"70028355 - 2006 - Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T15:13:21","indexId":"70028355","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection profiles from three different surveys of the Cascadia forearc are interpreted using P wave velocities and relocated hypocentres, which were both derived from the first arrival travel time inversion of wide-angle seismic data and local earthquakes. The subduction decollement, which is characterized beneath the continental shelf by a reflection of 0.5 s duration, can be traced landward into a large duplex structure in the lower forearc crust near southern Vancouver Island. Beneath Vancouver Island, the roof thrust of the duplex is revealed by a 5–12 km thick zone, identified previously as the E reflectors, and the floor thrust is defined by a short duration reflection from a < 2-km-thick interface at the top of the subducting plate. We show that another zone of reflectors exists east of Vancouver Island that is approximately 8 km thick, and identified as the D reflectors. These overlie the E reflectors; together the two zones define the landward part of the duplex. The combined zones reach depths as great as 50 km. The duplex structure extends for more than 120 km perpendicular to the margin, has an along-strike extent of 80 km, and at depths between 30 km and 50 km the duplex structure correlates with a region of anomalously deep seismicity, where velocities are less than 7000 m s− 1. We suggest that these relatively low velocities indicate the presence of either crustal rocks from the oceanic plate that have been underplated to the continent or crustal rocks from the forearc that have been transported downward by subduction erosion. The absence of seismicity from within the E reflectors implies that they are significantly weaker than the overlying crust, and the reflectors may be a zone of active ductile shear. In contrast, seismicity in parts of the D reflectors can be interpreted to mean that ductile shearing no longer occurs in the landward part of the duplex. Merging of the D and E reflectors at 42–46 km depth creates reflectivity in the uppermost mantle with a vertical thickness of at least 15 km. We suggest that pervasive reflectivity in the upper mantle elsewhere beneath Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia arises from similar shear zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Calvert, A., Ramachandran, K., Kao, H., and Fisher, M.A., 2006, Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 175-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021"},{"id":236995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia forearc","volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e7e4b0c8380cd681fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, A.J.","contributorId":16614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramachandran, K.","contributorId":71735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kao, H.","contributorId":53585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028354,"text":"70028354 - 2006 - Effects of permafrost melting on CO2 and CH4 exchange of a poorly drained black spruce lowland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T09:48:26","indexId":"70028354","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of permafrost melting on CO2 and CH4 exchange of a poorly drained black spruce lowland","docAbstract":"[1] Permafrost melting is occurring in areas of the boreal forest region where large amounts of carbon (C) are stored in organic soils. We measured soil respiration, net CO2 flux, and net CH4 flux during May–September 2003 and March 2004 in a black spruce lowland in interior Alaska to better understand how permafrost thaw in poorly drained landscapes affects land‐atmosphere CO2 and CH4 exchange. Sites included peat soils underlain by permafrost at ∼0.4 m depth (permafrost plateau, PP), four thermokarst wetlands (TW) having no permafrost in the upper 2.2 m, and peat soils bordering the thermokarst wetlands having permafrost at ∼0.5 m depth (thermokarst edges, TE). Soil respiration rates were not significantly different among the sites, and 5‐cm soil temperature explained 50–91% of the seasonal variability in soil respiration within the sites. Groundcover vegetation photosynthesis (calculated as net CO2 minus soil respiration) was significantly different among the sites (TW > TE > PP), which can be partly attributed to the difference in photosynthetically active radiation reaching the ground at each site type. Methane emission rates were 15 to 28 times greater from TW than from TE and PP. We modeled annual soil respiration and groundcover vegetation photosynthesis using soil temperature and radiation data, and CH4 flux by linear interpolation. We estimated all sites as net C gas sources to the atmosphere (not including tree CO2 uptake at PP and TE), although the ranges in estimates when accounting for errors were large enough that TE and TW may have been net C sinks.
Since 1958, about ninety seismic refraction/wide angle reflection profiles, with a cumulative length of more than sixty thousand kilometers, have been completed in mainland China. We summarize the results in the form of (1) a new contour map of crustal thickness, (2) fourteen representative crustal seismic velocity–depth columns for various tectonic units, and, (3) a Pn velocity map. We found a north–south-trending belt with a strong lateral gradient in crustal thickness in central China. This belt divides China into an eastern region, with a crustal thickness of 30–45 km, and a western region, with a thickness of 45–75 km. The crust in these two regions has experienced different evolutionary processes, and currently lies within distinct tectonic stress fields. Our compilation finds that there is a high-velocity (7.1–7.4 km/s) layer in the lower crust of the stable Tarim basin and Ordos plateau. However, in young orogenic belts, including parts of eastern China, the Tianshan and the Tibetan plateau, this layer is often absent. One exception is southern Tibet, where the presence of a high-velocity layer is related to the northward injection of the cold Indian plate. This high-velocity layer is absent in northern Tibet. In orogenic belts, there usually is a low-velocity layer (LVL) in the crust, but in stable regions this layer seldom exists. The Pn velocities in eastern China generally range from 7.9 to 8.1 km/s and tend to be isotropic. Pn velocities in western China are more variable, ranging from 7.7 to 8.2 km/s, and may display azimuthal anisotropy.
Conventional measurements of river flows are costly, time‐consuming, and frequently dangerous. This report evaluates the use of a continuous wave microwave radar, a monostatic UHF Doppler radar, a pulsed Doppler microwave radar, and a ground‐penetrating radar to measure river flows continuously over long periods and without touching the water with any instruments. The experiments duplicate the flow records from conventional stream gauging stations on the San Joaquin River in California and the Cowlitz River in Washington. The purpose of the experiments was to directly measure the parameters necessary to compute flow: surface velocity (converted to mean velocity) and cross‐sectional area, thereby avoiding the uncertainty, complexity, and cost of maintaining rating curves. River channel cross sections were measured by ground‐penetrating radar suspended above the river. River surface water velocity was obtained by Bragg scattering of microwave and UHF Doppler radars, and the surface velocity data were converted to mean velocity on the basis of detailed velocity profiles measured by current meters and hydroacoustic instruments. Experiments using these radars to acquire a continuous record of flow were conducted for 4 weeks on the San Joaquin River and for 16 weeks on the Cowlitz River. At the San Joaquin River the radar noncontact measurements produced discharges more than 20% higher than the other independent measurements in the early part of the experiment. After the first 3 days, the noncontact radar discharge measurements were within 5% of the rating values. On the Cowlitz River at Castle Rock, correlation coefficients between the USGS stream gauging station rating curve discharge and discharge computed from three different Doppler radar systems and GPR data over the 16 week experiment were 0.883, 0.969, and 0.992. Noncontact radar results were within a few percent of discharge values obtained by gauging station, current meter, and hydroacoustic methods. Time series of surface velocity obtained by different radars in the Cowlitz River experiment also show small‐amplitude pulsations not found in stage records that reflect tidal energy at the gauging station. Noncontact discharge measurements made during a flood on 30 January 2004 agreed with the rated discharge to within 5%. Measurement at both field sites confirm that lognormal velocity profiles exist for a wide range of flows in these rivers, and mean velocity is approximately 0.85 times measured surface velocity. Noncontact methods of flow measurement appear to (1) be as accurate as conventional methods, (2) obtain data when standard contact methods are dangerous or cannot be obtained, and (3) provide insight into flow dynamics not available from detailed stage records alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004430","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., Cheng, R.T., Haeni, F., Melcher, N., Spicer, K., Hayes, E., Plant, W., Hayes, K., Teague, C., and Barrick, D., 2006, Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 7, W07422; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004430.","productDescription":"W07422; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf61e4b08c986b329b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melcher, N.","contributorId":74187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spicer, K.R.","contributorId":67230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, E.","contributorId":29158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Plant, W.","contributorId":62398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayes, K.","contributorId":55178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Teague, C.","contributorId":30412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Barrick, D.","contributorId":105888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028329,"text":"70028329 - 2006 - Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T16:56:06","indexId":"70028329","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends","docAbstract":"Fish were collected from 16 sites on rivers in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) from September 1997 to April 1998 to document temporal and spatial trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. Sites were located on the mainstem of the Columbia River and on the Snake, Willamette, Yakima, Salmon, and Flathead Rivers. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), black bass (Micropterus sp.), and largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) were the targeted species. Fish were field-examined for external and internal lesions, selected organs were weighed to compute somatic indices, and tissue and fluid samples were preserved for fish health and reproductive biomarker analyses. Composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site were analyzed for organochlorine and elemental contaminants using instrumental methods and for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ) using the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Overall, pesticide concentrations were greatest in fish from lower CRB sites and elemental concentrations were greatest in fish from upper CRB sites. These patterns reflected land uses. Lead (Pb) concentrations in fish from the Columbia River at Northport and Grand Coulee, Washington (WA) exceeded fish and wildlife toxicity thresholds (> 0.4 ??g/g). Selenium (Se) concentrations in fish from the Salmon River at Riggins, Idaho (ID), the Columbia River at Vernita Bridge, WA, and the Yakima River at Granger, WA exceeded toxicity thresholds for piscivorous wildlife (> 0.6 ??g/g). Mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish were elevated throughout the basin but were greatest (> 0.4 ??g/g) in predatory fish from the Salmon River at Riggins, ID, the Yakima River at Granger, WA, and the Columbia River at Warrendale, Oregon (OR). Residues of p,p???-DDE were greatest (> 0.8 ??g/g) in fish from agricultural areas of the Snake, Yakima, and Columbia River basins but were not detected in upper CRB fish. Other organochlorine pesticides did not exceed toxicity thresholds in fish or were detected infrequently. Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; > 0.11 ??g/g) and TCDD-EQs (> 5 pg/g) exceeded wildlife guidelines in fish from the middle and lower CRB, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also elevated at many of the same sites. Temporal trend analysis indicated decreasing or stable concentrations of Pb, Se, Hg, p,p???-DDE, and PCBs at most sites where historical data were available. Altered biomarkers were noted in fish throughout the CRB. Fish from some stations had responded to chronic contaminant exposure as indicated by fish health and reproductive biomarker results. Although most fish from some sites had grossly visible external or internal lesions, histopathological analysis determined these to be inflammatory responses associated with helminth or myxosporidian parasites. Many largescale sucker from the Columbia River at Northport and Grand Coulee, WA had external lesions and enlarged spleens, which were likely associated with infections. Intersex male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) were found in the Snake River at Lewiston, ID and the Columbia River at Warrendale, OR. Male bass, carp, and largescale sucker containing low concentrations of vitellogenin were common in the CRB, and comparatively high concentrations (> 0.3 mg/mL) were measured in male fish from the Flathead River at Creston, Montana, the Snake River at Ice Harbor Dam, WA, and the Columbia River at Vernita Bridge, WA and Warrendale, OR. Results from our study and other investigations indicate that continued monitoring in the CRB is warranted to identify consistently degraded sites and those with emerging problems. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.008","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J., Schmitt, C., Blazer, V., Denslow, N., Bartish, T., Anderson, P., Coyle, J., Dethloff, G., and Tillitt, D.E., 2006, Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends: Science of the Total Environment, v. 366, no. 2-3, p. 549-578, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.008.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"578","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.008"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.70605468750001,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -120.08056640625,\n 48.777912755501845\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -110.06103515625,\n 44.18220395771566\n ],\n [\n -110.302734375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -112.03857421875,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -115.37841796874999,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -117.46582031249999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -118.76220703125001,\n 44.54350521320822\n ],\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -124.03564453125,\n 46.52863469527167\n ],\n [\n -123.70605468750001,\n 46.46813299215554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"366","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09aae4b0c8380cd51fef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, J.E.","contributorId":47560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartish, T.M.","contributorId":47890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartish","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, P.J.","contributorId":83058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coyle, J.J.","contributorId":64440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coyle","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dethloff, G.M.","contributorId":78047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethloff","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028328,"text":"70028328 - 2006 - Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:58:10","indexId":"70028328","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Computational limitations and sparse field data often mandate use of continuum representation for modeling hydrologic processes in large‐scale fractured aquifers. Selecting appropriate element size is of primary importance because continuum approximation is not valid for all scales. The traditional approach is to select elements by identifying a single representative elementary scale (RES) for the region of interest. Recent advances indicate RES may be spatially variable, prompting unanswered questions regarding the ability of sparse data to spatially resolve continuum equivalents in fractured aquifers. We address this uncertainty of estimating RES using two techniques. In one technique we employ data‐conditioned realizations generated by sequential Gaussian simulation. For the other we develop a new approach using conditioned random walks and nonparametric bootstrapping (CRWN). We evaluate the effectiveness of each method under three fracture densities, three data sets, and two groups of RES analysis parameters. In sum, 18 separate RES analyses are evaluated, which indicate RES magnitudes may be reasonably bounded using uncertainty analysis, even for limited data sets and complex fracture structure. In addition, we conduct a field study to estimate RES magnitudes and resulting uncertainty for Turkey Creek Basin, a crystalline fractured rock aquifer located 30 km southwest of Denver, Colorado. Analyses indicate RES does not correlate to rock type or local relief in several instances but is generally lower within incised creek valleys and higher along mountain fronts. Results of this study suggest that (1) CRWN is an effective and computationally efficient method to estimate uncertainty, (2) RES predictions are well constrained using uncertainty analysis, and (3) for aquifers such as Turkey Creek Basin, spatial variability of RES is significant and complex.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004431","usgsCitation":"Wellman, T., and Poeter, E.P., 2006, Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08410; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004431.","productDescription":"Article W08410; 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c03e4b0c8380cd529ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wellman, Tristan P.","contributorId":56500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028325,"text":"70028325 - 2006 - Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:54:09","indexId":"70028325","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers","docAbstract":"Multiphase, multicomponent numerical models of long-term unsaturated-zone liquid and vapor movement were created for a thick alluvial basin at the Nevada Test Site to predict present-day liquid and vapor fluxes. The numerical models are based on recently developed conceptual models of unsaturated-zone moisture movement in thick alluvium that explain present-day water potential and tracer profiles in terms of major climate and vegetation transitions that have occurred during the past 10 000 yr or more. The numerical models were calibrated using borehole hydrologic and environmental tracer data available from a low-level radioactive waste management site located in a former nuclear weapons testing area. The environmental tracer data used in the model calibration includes tracers that migrate in both the liquid and vapor phases (δD, δ18O) and tracers that migrate solely as dissolved solutes (Cl), thus enabling the estimation of some gas-phase as well as liquid-phase transport parameters. Parameter uncertainties and correlations identified during model calibration were used to generate parameter combinations for a set of Monte Carlo simulations to more fully characterize the uncertainty in liquid and vapor fluxes. The calculated background liquid and vapor fluxes decrease as the estimated time since the transition to the present-day arid climate increases. However, on the whole, the estimated fluxes display relatively little variability because correlations among parameters tend to create parameter sets for which changes in some parameters offset the effects of others in the set. Independent estimates on the timing since the climate transition established from packrat midden data were essential for constraining the model calibration results. The study demonstrates the utility of environmental tracer data in developing numerical models of liquid- and gas-phase moisture movement and the importance of considering parameter correlations when using Monte Carlo analysis to characterize the uncertainty in moisture fluxes.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2006.0021","usgsCitation":"Kwicklis, E.M., Wolfsberg, A.V., Stauffer, P.H., Walvoord, M.A., and Sully, M.J., 2006, Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 3, p. 934-950, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0021.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"934","endPage":"950","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a605ae4b0c8380cd713c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwicklis, Edward M.","contributorId":25970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfsberg, Andrew V.","contributorId":22530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfsberg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Philip H.","contributorId":69262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sully, Michael J.","contributorId":82911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sully","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16973,"text":"Neptune and Company Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028323,"text":"70028323 - 2006 - A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028323","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2393,"text":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","docAbstract":"Species in the genus Epioblasma have specialized life history requirements and represent the most endangered genus of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in the world. A genetic characterization of extant populations of the oyster mussel E. capsaeformis and tan riffleshell E. florentina walkeri sensu late was conducted to assess taxonomic validity and to resolve conservation issues for recovery planning. These mussel species exhibit pronounced phenotypic variation, but were difficult to characterize phylogenetically using DNA sequences. Monophyletic lineages, congruent with phenotypic variation among species, were obtained only after extensive analysis of combined mitochondrial (1396 bp of 16S, cytochrome-b, and ND1) and nuclear (515 bp of ITS-1) DNA sequences. In contrast, analysis of variation at 10 hypervariable DNA microsatellite loci showed moderately to highly diverged populations based on FST and R ST values, which ranged from 0.12 to 0.39 and 0.15 to 0.71, respectively. Quantitative variation between species was observed in fish-host specificity, with transformation success of glochidia of E. capsaeformis significantly greater (P<0.05) on greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides, and that of E. f. walkeri significantly greater (P<0.05) on fantail darter Etheostoma flabellare. Lengths of glochidia differed significantly (P<0.001) among species and populations, with mean sizes ranging from 241 to 272 ??m. The texture and colour of the mantle-pad of E. capsaeformis sensu stricto is smooth and bluish-white, whereas that of E. f. walkeri is pustuled and brown, with tan mottling. Based on extensive molecular, morphological and life history data, the population of E. capsaeformis from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA is proposed as a separate species, and the population of E. f. walkeri from Indian Creek, upper Clinch River, Virginia, USA is proposed as a distinct subspecies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/mollus/eyl004","issn":"02601230","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., Neves, R.J., Ahlstedt, S., and Hallerman, E., 2006, A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae): Journal of Molluscan Studies, v. 72, no. 3, p. 267-283, https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyl004.","startPage":"267","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487570,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyl004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210130,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyl004"},{"id":236959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e424e4b0c8380cd46437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlstedt, S.A.","contributorId":97843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlstedt","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hallerman, E.M.","contributorId":23671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallerman","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028320,"text":"70028320 - 2006 - Flow-specific trends in river-water quality resulting from the effects of the clean air act in three mesoscale, forested river basins in the northeastern United States through 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028320","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow-specific trends in river-water quality resulting from the effects of the clean air act in three mesoscale, forested river basins in the northeastern United States through 2002","docAbstract":"Two new methods for assessing temporal trends in stream-solute concentrations at specific streamflow ranges were applied to long (40 to 50-year) but sparse (bi-weekly to quarterly sampling) stream-water quality data collected at three forested mesoscale basins along an atmospheric deposition gradient in the northeastern United States (one in north-central Pennsylvania, one in southeastern New York, and one in eastern Maine). The three data sets span the period since the implementation of the Clean Air Act in 1970 and its subsequent amendments. Declining sulfate (SO2-4) trends since the mid 1960s were identified for all 3 rivers by one or more of the 4 methods of trend detection used. Flow-specific trends were assessed by segmenting the data sets into 3-year and 6-year blocks, then determining concentration-discharge relationships for each block. Declining sulfate (SO2-4) trends at median flow were similar to trends determined using a Seasonal Kendall Tau test and Sen slope estimator. The trend of declining SO2-4 concentrations differed at high, median and low flow since the mid 1980s at YWC and NR, and at high and low flow at WR, but the trends leveled or reversed at high flow from 1999 through 2002. Trends for the period of record at high flows were similar to medium- and low-flow trends for Ca2+ + Mg2+ concentrations at WR, non-significant at YWC, and were more negative at low flow than at high flow at NR; trends in nitrate (NO-3), and alkalinity (ALK) concentrations were different at different flow conditions, and in ways that are consistent with the hydrology and deposition history at each watershed. Quarterly sampling is adequate for assessing average-flow trends in the chemical parameters assessed over long time periods (???decades). However, with even a modest effort at sampling a range of flow conditions within each year, trends at specified flows for constituents with strong concentration-discharge relationships can be evaluated and may allow early detection of ecosystem response to climate change and pollution management strategies. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-9028-1","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., and Shanley, J.B., 2006, Flow-specific trends in river-water quality resulting from the effects of the clean air act in three mesoscale, forested river basins in the northeastern United States through 2002: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 120, no. 1-3, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9028-1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210103,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9028-1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a125de4b0c8380cd5429a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028319,"text":"70028319 - 2006 - The importance of submarine groundwater discharge to the nearshore nutrient supply in the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028319","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of submarine groundwater discharge to the nearshore nutrient supply in the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel)","docAbstract":"We used two short-lived radium isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra) and a mass balance approach applied to the radium activities to determine the nutrient contribution of saline submarine groundwater discharge to the coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Israel). Radium isotope activities were measured along transects during two seasons at a site that lacked any obvious surficial water input. An onshore well and an offshore end member were also sampled. For all samples, nutrients and salinity data were collected. Radium isotope activities generally decreased with distance offshore and exhibited significant tidal variability, which is consistent with a shore-derived tidally influenced source. Submarine groundwater contributes only 1-2% of the water along this coast, but this groundwater provides 8-46% of the nutrients. This saline groundwater is derived predominately from tidally pumped seawater percolating through the unconfined coastal aquifer and leaching radium and nutrients. This process represents a significant source of nutrients to the oligotrophic nearshore reef. ?? 2006, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Shellenbarger, G., Monismith, S., Genin, A., and Paytan, A., 2006, The importance of submarine groundwater discharge to the nearshore nutrient supply in the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel): Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 4, p. 1876-1886.","startPage":"1876","endPage":"1886","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacfee4b08c986b3238de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shellenbarger, G.G.","contributorId":12678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genin, A.","contributorId":67664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028317,"text":"70028317 - 2006 - Seasonal migration and environmental conditions of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, elucidated from pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T15:51:12","indexId":"70028317","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal migration and environmental conditions of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, elucidated from pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags","docAbstract":"Pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags were used to study the fall migration of halibut in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). We tagged 6 Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis on summer feeding grounds in the eastern GOA and another 6 in the western GOA from June 13 to August 6, 2002. The tags were programed to be released from the fish on January 15, 2003, at the height of the winter spawning season: 10 tags successfully detached, transmitted archived environmental data (depth and temperature), and generated accurate latitude–longitude coordinates shortly after pop-up; 2 tags deployed off SE Alaska were lost. The tags revealed that 6 fish had moved a considerable distance (>200 km) between tagging and pop-up, and all of these had moved northward to some extent. The longest of the observed migrations was from the southern Alaska Peninsula to Yakutat Bay, a linear displacement of 1153 km; 4 fish showed little evidence of geographic displacement, exhibiting migrations that ranged only from 30 to 69 km. Although 2 fish had moved inshore by the end of the tagging period, all other fish had moved offshore regardless of their overall migration distance. The precise timing of offshore movements varied, beginning as early as August and as late as January. These observations generally corroborate conventional tagging, indicating migration of halibut toward winter spawning grounds in the northern GOA, and movement of fish to deep water in fall. However, no single stereotypic migration behavior was apparent, and a variety of vertical movement patterns and temperature profiles were observed. Halibut spent most time in waters of 5 to 7°C, but experienced temperatures ranging from 2.6 to 11.6°C. Depth observations ranged from 0 to 736 m, with summertime activity concentrated in depths from 0 to 400 m, and halibut that exhibited offshore movement were typically observed at 300 to 700 m by mid-winter. Vertical movement (short-period changes in depth) varied among fish and over time, with some fish displaying little vertical activity, others displaying short periods of activity, and still others displaying considerable activity throughout their time at liberty.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter Research","doi":"10.3354/meps317259","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Loher, T., and Seitz, A.C., 2006, Seasonal migration and environmental conditions of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, elucidated from pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 317, p. 259-271, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps317259.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps317259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88b7e4b08c986b316b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loher, Timothy","contributorId":26130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loher","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33614,"text":"International Pacific Halibut Comission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seitz, Andrew C.","contributorId":156324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seitz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028310,"text":"70028310 - 2006 - Electrical resistance sensors record spring flow timing, Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028310","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical resistance sensors record spring flow timing, Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Springs along the south rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, are important ecological and cultural resources in Grand Canyon National Park and are discharge points for regional and local aquifers of the Coconino Plateau. This study evaluated the applicability of electrical resistance (ER) sensors for measuring diffuse, low-stage (<1.0 cm) intermittent and ephemeral flow in the steep, rocky spring-fed tributaries of the south rim. ER sensors were used to conduct a baseline survey of spring flow timing at eight sites in three spring-fed tributaries in Grand Canyon. Sensors were attached to a nearly vertical rock wall at a spring outlet and were installed in alluvial and bedrock channels. Spring flow timing data inferred by the ER sensors were consistent with observations during site visits, with flow events recorded with collocated streamflow gauging stations and with local precipitation gauges. ER sensors were able to distinguish the presence of flow along nearly vertical rock surfaces with flow depths between 0.3 and 1.0 cm. Laboratory experiments confirmed the ability of the sensors to monitor the timing of diffuse flow on impervious surfaces. A comparison of flow patterns along the stream reaches and at springs identified the timing and location of perennial and intermittent flow, and periods of increased evapotranspiration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00223.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Adams, E., Monroe, S.A., Springer, A.E., Blasch, K., and Bills, D.J., 2006, Electrical resistance sensors record spring flow timing, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 5, p. 630-641, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00223.x.","startPage":"630","endPage":"641","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00223.x"},{"id":237342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0894e4b0c8380cd51b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, E.A.","contributorId":42411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monroe, S. A.","contributorId":90346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Springer, Abraham E.","contributorId":76278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Abraham","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blasch, K.W.","contributorId":29877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bills, D. J.","contributorId":17610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028308,"text":"70028308 - 2006 - Developing a map of geologically defined site-condition categories for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028308","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a map of geologically defined site-condition categories for California","docAbstract":"Consideration of site conditions is a vital step in analyzing and predicting earthquake ground motion. The importance of amplification by soil conditions has long been recognized, but though many seismic-instrument sites have been characterized by their geologic conditions, there has been no consistent, simple classification applied to all sites. As classification of sites by shear-wave velocity has become more common, the need to go back and provide a simple uniform classification for all stations has become apparent. Within the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Next Generation Attenuation equation project, developers of attenuation equations recognized the need to consider site conditions and asked that the California Geological Survey provide site conditions information for all stations that have recorded earthquake ground motion in California. To provide these estimates, we sorted the available shear-wave velocity data by geologic unit, generalized the geologic units, and prepared a map so that we could use the extent of the map units to transfer the velocity characteristics from the sites where they were measured to sites on the same or similar materials. This new map is different from the California Geological Survey \"preliminary site-conditions map of California\" in that 19 geologically defined categories are used, rather than National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program categories. Although this map does not yet cover all of California, when completed it may provide a basis for more precise consideration of site conditions in ground-motion calculations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050179","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wills, C., and Clahan, K., 2006, Developing a map of geologically defined site-condition categories for California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 A, p. 1483-1501, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050179.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1501","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210403,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050179"},{"id":237308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000ae4b0c8380cd4f55d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wills, C.J.","contributorId":91275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clahan, K.B.","contributorId":24159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clahan","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}