Specimens of Oscar Astronotus ocellatus from a fish farm were abruptly submitted to salt stress of 14 ppt and 20 ppt, for 3 and 8 h to determine their plasma osmolality. Muscle wet body mass change in vitro was analyzed from control freshwater animals. Fish in 14 ppt presented no osmolality distress even after 8 h. In 20 ppt, a slight increase (10%) in plasma osmolality was observed for both times of exposure when compared to control fish. Muscle slices submitted in vitro to hyper-osmotic saline displayed decreased body mass after 75 min, and slices submitted to hypo-osmotic saline displayed increased body mass after 45 min when compared to control (isosmotic saline). These results reinforce A. ocellatus’s euryhalinity. The fish were able to regulate its internal medium and tolerate 14 ppt, but presented an intense osmotic challenge and low muscle hydration control when facing salinities of 20 ppt.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2017.1387480","usgsCitation":"Gutierre, S.M., Schulte, J., Schofield, P.J., and Prodocimo, V., 2017, Osmoregulation and muscle water control in vitro facing salinity stress of the Amazon fish Oscar Astronotus ocellatus (Cichlidae): Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 303-311, https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2017.1387480.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"311","ipdsId":"IP-083604","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77P8WK3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Osmoregulatory capacity and muscle water control facing salinity stress of the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus (Cichlidae)"},{"id":349058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb22e4b06e28e9c22d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierre, Silvia M. M. 0000-0003-1905-3535","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-3535","contributorId":198700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierre","given":"Silvia","email":"","middleInitial":"M. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulte, Jessica M.","contributorId":198701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulte","given":"Jessica M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":168659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prodocimo, Viviane","contributorId":172504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prodocimo","given":"Viviane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27057,"text":"Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193363,"text":"70193363 - 2017 - Rapid exhumation of Cretaceous arc-rocks along the Blue Mountains restraining bend of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault, Jamaica, using thermochronometry from multiple closure systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T16:12:53","indexId":"70193363","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid exhumation of Cretaceous arc-rocks along the Blue Mountains restraining bend of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault, Jamaica, using thermochronometry from multiple closure systems","docAbstract":"The effect of rapid erosion on kinematic partitioning along transpressional plate margins is not well understood, particularly in highly erosive climates. The Blue Mountains restraining bend (BMRB) of eastern Jamaica, bound to the south by the left-lateral Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault (EPGF), offers an opportunity to test the effects of highly erosive climatic conditions on a 30-km-wide restraining bend system. No previous thermochronometric data exists in Jamaica to describe the spatial or temporal pattern of rock uplift and how oblique (> 20°) plate motion is partitioned into vertical strain. To define the exhumation history, we measured apatite (n = 10) and zircon (n = 6) (U-Th)/He ages, 40Ar/39Ar (n = 2; amphibole and K-spar) ages, and U/Pb zircon (n = 2) crystallization ages. Late Cretaceous U/Pb and 40Ar/39Ar ages (74–68 Ma) indicate rapid cooling following shallow emplacement of plutons during north-south subduction along the Great Caribbean Arc. Early to middle Miocene zircon helium ages (19–14 Ma) along a vertical transect suggest exhumation and island emergence at ~ 0.2 mm/yr. Older zircon ages 10–15 km to the north (44–35 Ma) imply less rock uplift. Apatite helium ages are young (6–1 Ma) across the entire orogen, suggesting rapid exhumation of the BMRB since the late Miocene. These constraints are consistent with previous reports of restraining bend formation and early emergence of eastern Jamaica. An age-elevation relationship from a vertical transect implies an exhumation rate of 0.8 mm/yr, while calculated closure depths and thermal modeling suggests exhumation as rapid as 2 mm/yr. The rapid rock uplift rates in Jamaica are comparable to the most intense transpressive zones worldwide, despite the relatively slow (5–7 mm/yr) strike-slip rate. We hypothesize highly erosive conditions in Jamaica enable a higher fraction of plate motion to be accommodated by vertical deformation. Thus, strike-slip restraining bends may evolve differently depending on erosivity and local climate.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2017.09.021","usgsCitation":"Cochran, W., Spotila, J.A., Prince, P.S., and McAleer, R., 2017, Rapid exhumation of Cretaceous arc-rocks along the Blue Mountains restraining bend of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault, Jamaica, using thermochronometry from multiple closure systems: Tectonophysics, v. 721, p. 292-309, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.09.021.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"309","ipdsId":"IP-087567","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Jamaica","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.5696,18.49053],[-76.89662,18.40087],[-76.36536,18.1607],[-76.19966,17.88687],[-76.90256,17.86824],[-77.20634,17.70112],[-77.76602,17.8616],[-78.33772,18.22597],[-78.21773,18.45453],[-77.79736,18.52422],[-77.5696,18.49053]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Jamaica\"}}]}","volume":"721","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd1be4b0531197b13c51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochran, William J.","contributorId":199373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochran","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spotila, James A.","contributorId":199374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spotila","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prince, Philip S.","contributorId":199375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prince","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":5301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan J.","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192628,"text":"70192628 - 2017 - A model-based approach to wildland fire reconstruction using sediment charcoal records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T16:59:23","indexId":"70192628","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1577,"text":"Environmetrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model-based approach to wildland fire reconstruction using sediment charcoal records","docAbstract":"Lake sediment charcoal records are used in paleoecological analyses to reconstruct fire history, including the identification of past wildland fires. One challenge of applying sediment charcoal records to infer fire history is the separation of charcoal associated with local fire occurrence and charcoal originating from regional fire activity. Despite a variety of methods to identify local fires from sediment charcoal records, an integrated statistical framework for fire reconstruction is lacking. We develop a Bayesian point process model to estimate the probability of fire associated with charcoal counts from individual-lake sediments and estimate mean fire return intervals. A multivariate extension of the model combines records from multiple lakes to reduce uncertainty in local fire identification and estimate a regional mean fire return interval. The univariate and multivariate models are applied to 13 lakes in the Yukon Flats region of Alaska. Both models resulted in similar mean fire return intervals (100–350 years) with reduced uncertainty under the multivariate model due to improved estimation of regional charcoal deposition. The point process model offers an integrated statistical framework for paleofire reconstruction and extends existing methods to infer regional fire history from multiple lake records with uncertainty following directly from posterior distributions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/env.2450","usgsCitation":"Itter, M.S., Finley, A., Hooten, M., Higuera, P., Marlon, J.R., Kelly, R., and McLachlan, J.S., 2017, A model-based approach to wildland fire reconstruction using sediment charcoal records: Environmetrics, v. 28, no. 7, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2450.","productDescription":"e2450; 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-081669","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.02382","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425b2e4b0dc0b45b45316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Itter, Malcolm S.","contributorId":193084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Itter","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":26875,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, Andrew O.","contributorId":70666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"Andrew O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":716584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higuera, Philip E.","contributorId":100741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higuera","given":"Philip E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marlon, Jennifer R.","contributorId":23432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Ryan","contributorId":172597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McLachlan, Jason S.","contributorId":167179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLachlan","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193355,"text":"70193355 - 2017 - Loss of ecosystem services due to chronic pollution of forests and surface waters in the Adirondack region (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T10:52:01","indexId":"70193355","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of ecosystem services due to chronic pollution of forests and surface waters in the Adirondack region (USA)","docAbstract":"Sustaining recent progress in mitigating acid pollution could require lower emissions caps that will give rise to real or perceived tradeoffs between healthy ecosystems and inexpensive energy. Because most impacts of acid rain affect ecosystem functions that are poorly understood by policy-makers and the public, an ecosystem services (ES) framework can help to measure how pollution affects human well-being. Focused on the Adirondack region (USA), a global ‘hot-spot’ of acid pollution, we measured how the chronic acidification of the region's forests, lakes, and streams has affected the potential economic and cultural benefits they provide to society. We estimated that acid-impaired hardwood forests provide roughly half of the potential benefits of forests on moderate to well-buffered soils – an estimated loss of ∼ $10,000 ha−1 in net present value of wood products, maple syrup, carbon sequestration, and visual quality. Acidic deposition has had only nominal impact – relative to the effects of surficial geology and till depth – on the capacity of Adirondack lakes and streams to provide water suitable for drinking. However, as pH declines in lakes, the estimated value of recreational fishing decreases significantly due to loss of desirable fish such as trout. Hatchery stocking programs have partially offset the pollution-mediated losses of fishery value, most effectively in the pH range 4.8–5.5, but are costly and limited in scope. Although any estimates of the monetary ‘damages’ of acid rain have significant uncertainties, our findings highlight some of the more tangible economic and cultural benefits of pollution mitigation efforts, which continue to face litigation and political opposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.069","usgsCitation":"Beier, C.M., Caputo, J., Lawrence, G.B., and Sullivan, T.J., 2017, Loss of ecosystem services due to chronic pollution of forests and surface waters in the Adirondack region (USA): Journal of Environmental Management, v. 191, p. 19-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.069.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-082679","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack region, New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.4990234375,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -76.728515625,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -78.7060546875,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -78.9697265625,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -75.30029296875,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -74.794921875,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -74.24560546875,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -74.02587890625,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -74.02587890625,\n 40.81380923056958\n ],\n [\n -73.98193359375,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -73.41064453125,\n 40.34654412118006\n ],\n [\n -72.18017578125,\n 40.59727063442024\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -70.57617187499999,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -70.0048828125,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -69.521484375,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -66.6650390625,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -67.412109375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -67.8076171875,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -67.8955078125,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -68.4228515625,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n 47.18971246448421\n ],\n [\n -69.169921875,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -69.7412109375,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -70.09277343749999,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -70.2685546875,\n 46.22545288226939\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -70.7958984375,\n 45.42929873257377\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -71.279296875,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -71.4990234375,\n 44.99588261816546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"191","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd1be4b0531197b13c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beier, Colin M.","contributorId":199364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beier","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caputo, Jesse","contributorId":168871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caputo","given":"Jesse","affiliations":[{"id":25371,"text":"Dept of Forest & Natural Resources Mgmt, SUNY College of ESF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy J.","contributorId":196720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193353,"text":"70193353 - 2017 - Characteristics and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Erdenet Cu-Mo deposit, Mongolia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T11:26:25","indexId":"70193353","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Erdenet Cu-Mo deposit, Mongolia","docAbstract":"The Early to Middle Triassic Erdenet porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, in northern Mongolia, developed in a continent-continent arc collision zone, within the Central Asian orogenic belt. The porphyry system is related to multiple intrusions of crystal-crowded biotite granodiorite porphyry, which formed a composite stock about 900 m in diameter, with multiple porphyritic microgranodiorite dikes. Wall rocks are Late Permian to Early Triassic, medium-grained granodiorite, with similar whole-rock geochemistry, mineralogy, and composition to the granodiorite porphyry. Whole-rock analysis of the granodiorite porphyry and wall rocks shows that these rocks cannot be discriminated, but both have depleted middle heavy rare earth elements and Y, typical of fertile porphyry magmatic suites.
At the current pit level (1,250 m elev), early porphyry-style quartz veins (A and B type) are locally infilled by pyrite-chalcopyrite, with subordinate bornite, but most of the chalcopyrite occurs in D veins that constitute more than 50% of the Cu grade (~0.5 wt % Cu). The 0.3 wt % Cu shell resembles a molar tooth, enveloping the granodiorite porphyry, with deeper roots extending down the wal-rock contacts. Molybdenite occurs in monomineralic veins, and in finely laminated to massive quartz-molybdenite veins.
The most important alteration is quartz-muscovite, which occurs as relatively coarse (100–500 μm) alteration selvages (1–5 cm) that envelop D veins. The D veins cut illite ± kaolinite-smectite (or intermediate argillic) alteration. Intermediate argillic alteration, together with abundant pink anhydrite (commonly hydrated to gypsum), extends from at least 1,300- to 900-m elevation in the deepest drill holes, and has overprinted early potassic alteration, or relatively unaltered red granodiorite. Meter-wide zones of kaolinite cut the anhydrite-gypsum at all levels. There is an abrupt transition outward from the intermediate argillic alteration to chlorite-epidote (propylitic) alteration, at 50 to 200 m from the granodiorite porphyry contact, although D veins (and chalcopyrite) extend outward to the propylitic zone.
The Erdenet porphyry system, was overprinted by advanced argillic alteration, which outcrops 2 km northwest of the pit, and forms a lithocap that extends over 10 × 2.5 km. It is characterized by residual quartz, andalusite, Na-Ca and K-alunite, diaspore, pyrophyllite, zunyite, topaz, dickite, and kaolinite. The upper part of the porphyry Cu-Mo deposit (removed by mining), comprised a bornite-chalcocite enriched zone up to 300 m thick with an average grade of 0.7 wt % Cu and up to 5 wt % Cu locally. Based on hypogene bornite-chalcocite mineral textures and high-sulfidation state mineralogy, the enriched zone is inferred to be of hypogene origin, but modified by supergene processes. Consequently, it may be related to formation of the lithocap.
Previous Re-Os dates of 240.4 and 240.7 ± 0.8 Ma for molybdenite in quartz veins are comparable to new 40Ar/39Ar dates of 239.7 ± 1.6 and 240 ± 2 Ma for muscovite that envelops D veins. One 40Ar/39Ar date on K-alunite from the lithocap of 223.5 ± 1.9 Ma suggests that it may be about 16 m.y. younger than Erdenet, but this result needs to be verified by further dating.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/econgeo.2017.4500","usgsCitation":"Kavalieris, I., Khashgerel, B., Morgan, L.E., Undrakhtamir, A., and Borohul, A., 2017, Characteristics and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Erdenet Cu-Mo deposit, Mongolia: Economic Geology, v. 112, no. 5, p. 1033-1053, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.2017.4500.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1053","ipdsId":"IP-080784","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74J0C8H","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"40Ar/39Ar data for: Characteristics and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Erdenet Cu-Mo deposit, Mongolia"},{"id":347960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd1ce4b0531197b13c59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kavalieris, Imants","contributorId":199360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kavalieris","given":"Imants","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Khashgerel, Bat-Erdene","contributorId":199361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khashgerel","given":"Bat-Erdene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Undrakhtamir, Alexander","contributorId":199362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Undrakhtamir","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borohul, Adiya","contributorId":199363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borohul","given":"Adiya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192245,"text":"sir20175128 - 2017 - Simulation of groundwater flow and pumping scenarios for 1900–2050 near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-25T16:37:11.720369","indexId":"sir20175128","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5128","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow and pumping scenarios for 1900–2050 near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Groundwater withdrawals from the Upper Cretaceous-age Middendorf aquifer in South Carolina have created a large, regional cone of depression in the potentiometric surface of the Middendorf aquifer in Charleston and Berkeley Counties, South Carolina. Groundwater-level declines of as much as 249 feet have been observed in wells over the past 125 years and are a result of groundwater use for public water supply, irrigation, and private industry. To address the concerns of users of the Middendorf aquifer, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Mount Pleasant Waterworks (MPW), recalibrated an existing groundwater-flow model to incorporate additional groundwater-use and water-level data since 2008. This recalibration process consisted of a technique of parameter estimation that uses regularized inversion and employs “pilot points” for spatial hydraulic property characterization. The groundwater-flow system of the Coastal Plain physiographic province of South Carolina and parts of Georgia and North Carolina was simulated using the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference computer code MODFLOW-2000.
After the model recalibration, the following six predictive water-management scenarios were created to simulate potential changes in groundwater flow and groundwater-level conditions in the Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, area: Scenario 1—maximize MPW reverse-osmosis plant capacity by increasing groundwater withdrawals from the Middendorf aquifer from 3.9 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), which was the amount withdrawn in 2015, to 8.58 Mgal/d; Scenario 2—same as Scenario 1, but with the addition of a 0.5 Mgal/d supply well in the Middendorf aquifer near Moncks Corner, South Carolina; Scenario 3—same as Scenario 1, but with the addition of a 1.5 Mgal/d supply well in the Middendorf aquifer near Moncks Corner, South Carolina; Scenario 4—maximize MPW well capacity by increasing withdrawals from the Middendorf aquifer from 3.9 Mgal/d (in 2015) to 10.16 Mgal/d; Scenario 5—minimize MPW surface-water purchase from the Charleston Water System by adding supply wells and increasing withdrawals from the Middendorf aquifer from 3.9 Mgal/d (in 2015) to 12.16 Mgal/d; and Scenario 6—same as Scenario 1, but with he addition of quarterly model stress periods to simulate seasonal variations in the groundwater withdrawals. Results from the simulations indicated further decline of groundwater levels creating cones of depressions near pumping wells in the Middendorf aquifer in the Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, area between 2015 and 2050 for all six scenarios.
Simulation results from Scenario 1 showed an average decline of about 150 feet in the groundwater levels of the MPW production wells. Simulated hydrographs for two area observation wells illustrate the gradual decline in groundwater levels with overall changes in water-level altitudes of –92 and –33 feet, respectively. Simulated groundwater altitudes at a hypothetical observation well located in the MPW well field declined 121 feet between 2015 and 2050.
Scenarios 2 and 3 have the same pumping rates as Scenario 1 for the MPW production wells; however, a single hypothetical pumping well was added in the Middendorf aquifer near the town of Moncks Corner, South Carolina. This hypothetical pumping well has a withdrawal rate of 0.5 Mgal/d for Scenario 2 and 1.5 Mgal/d for Scenario 3. A comparison to the 2050 Scenario 1 simulation indicates groundwater altitudes for Scenarios 2 and Scenario 3 are 3 feet and 8 feet lower, respectively, at the MPW production wells.
Scenario 4 simulates the maximum pumping capacity of 10.16 Mgal/d for the MPW network of production wells. Simulated 2050 groundwater altitudes for this simulation declined to –359 feet. Simulated hydrographs for two observation wells show groundwater-level declines of 116 and 41 feet, respectively. Simulated differences in groundwater altitudes at a hypothetical observation well located in the MPW well field indicate a water-level decline of 164 feet between 2015 and 2050.
Scenario 5 is a modification of Scenario 4 with the addition of two new MPW production wells. For this scenario, the MPW network of production wells were simulated the same as in Scenario 4, but withdrawals from the two new production wells were added in 2020. Simulated 2050 groundwater altitudes for this simulation declined to – 405 feet. Simulated hydrographs for two observation wells show groundwater-level declines of 143 and 51 feet, respectively. Simulated groundwater altitudes at a hypothetical observation well located in the MPW well field declined 199 feet between 2015 and 2050.
Scenario 6 is a modification of Scenario 1, in which 140 additional quarterly stress periods were added to simulate MPW seasonal demands. Simulated groundwater altitudes for Scenario 6 declined to –353 feet during 2050. For Scenario 6, simulated hydrographs for two observation wells and the hypothetical observation well show similar groundwater-level declines as seen in Scenario 1, but with seasonal fluctuations of as much as 56 feet in the hypothetical observation well.
Water budgets for the model area immediately surrounding Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, were calculated for 2015 and for 2050. The water budget for 2015 is equal for all of the scenarios because it represents the year prior to the hypothetical pumping beginning in 2016. The largest flow component in the 2015 water budget for the Mount Pleasant area is discharge to wells at a rate of 4.17 Mgal/d. Additionally, 0.23 Mgal/d flows laterally out of the Middendorf aquifer in this area of the model due to the regional horizontal hydraulic gradient. Flow into this zone consists predominantly of lateral flow within the Middendorf aquifer at 4.08 Mgal/d. Additionally, 0.02 Mgal/d is released into this zone from aquifer storage. Vertically, 0.06 Mgal/d flows down from the Middendorf confining unit located above the Middendorf aquifer, and 0.25 Mgal/d flows up from the Cape Fear confining unit below.
The largest flow component in the 2050 water budget for all six scenarios is discharge to wells in the Mount Pleasant area at rates between 8.89 and 12.47 Mgal/d. Flow into this zone consists mostly of lateral flow between 8.47 and 11.77 Mgal/d within the Middendorf aquifer. Between 0.003 and 0.46 Mgal/d is released into this zone from aquifer storage. Between 0.004 and 0.15 Mgal/d flows laterally out of this zone into adjacent areas of the Middendorf aquifer due to the regional horizontal hydraulic gradient. Finally, between 0.15 and 0.22 Mgal/d flows vertically into this zone from confining units above and below the Middendorf aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Mount Pleasant Waterworks","usgsCitation":"Fine, J.M., Petkewich, M.D., and Campbell, B.G., 2017, Simulation of groundwater flow and pumping scenarios for 1900–2050 near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (ver. 1.1, November 6, 2017): Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5128, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175128.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; 3 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088974","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5128/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":377650,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FA07XD","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"2020 scenarios archive--MODFLOW-2000 data sets used in two predictive scenarios of groundwater flow and pumping (1900-2050) near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina"},{"id":347691,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5128/sir20175128.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5128"},{"id":348296,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5128/versionHist.txt","size":"1.02","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":348298,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7S181FC","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Original model archive--MODFLOW-2000 model data sets used in the simulation of Groundwater Flow and Pumping Scenarios for 1900-2050 near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina"},{"id":377837,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GZEE4E","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"2018 scenarios archive--MODFLOW-2000 and MODPATH model data sets used in scenarios of groundwater flow and pumping (1900-2500) near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Mount Pleasant","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.892333984375,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -79.134521484375,\n 33.18813395605041\n ],\n [\n -78.5357666015625,\n 33.85673152928873\n ],\n [\n -79.6783447265625,\n 34.80929324176267\n ],\n [\n -80.694580078125,\n 34.82282272723702\n ],\n [\n -82.2052001953125,\n 33.61919376817004\n ],\n [\n -80.892333984375,\n 31.914867503276223\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted October 31, 2017; Version 1.1: November 6, 2017","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
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Many bird species of conservation concern have behavioral or morphological traits that make it difficult for researchers to determine if the birds have been uniquely marked. Those traits can also increase the difficulty for researchers to decipher those markers. As a result, it is a priority for field biologists to develop time- and cost-efficient methods to resight uniquely marked individuals, especially when efforts are spread across multiple States and study areas. The Interior Least Tern (Sternula antillarum athalassos) is one such difficult-to-resight species; its tendency to mob perceived threats, such as observing researchers, makes resighting marked individuals difficult without physical recapture. During 2015, uniquely marked adult Interior Least Terns were resighted and identified by small, inexpensive, high-definition portable video cameras deployed for 29-min periods adjacent to nests. Interior Least Tern individuals were uniquely identified 84% (n = 277) of the time. This method also provided the ability to link individually marked adults to a specific nest, which can aid in generational studies and understanding heritability for difficult-to-resight species. Mark-recapture studies on such species may be prone to sparse encounter data that can result in imprecise or biased demographic estimates and ultimately flawed inferences. High-definition video cameras may prove to be a robust method for generating reliable demographic estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.040.0211","usgsCitation":"Toy, D.L., Roche, E., and Dovichin, C.M., 2017, Small high-definition video cameras as a tool to resight uniquely marked Interior Least Terns (Sternula antillarum athalassos): Waterbirds, v. 40, no. 2, p. 180-186, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.040.0211.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-075931","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Great 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"40","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98ba9e4b0531197af9fa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toy, Dustin L. 0000-0001-5390-5784 dtoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-5784","contributorId":5150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toy","given":"Dustin","email":"dtoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roche, Erin","contributorId":199143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roche","given":"Erin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dovichin, Colin M. 0000-0002-9325-5779 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Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic and temporal variations in immunity and condition of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the southern Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"Assessing the health and condition of animals in their natural environment can be problematic. Many physiological metrics, including immunity, are highly influenced by specific context and recent events to which researchers may be unaware. Thus, using a multifaceted physiological approach and a context-specific analysis encompassing multiple time scales can be highly informative. Ecoimmunological tools in particular can provide important indications to the health of animals in the wild. We collected blood and hair samples from free-ranging polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea and examined the influence of sex, age, and reproductive status on metrics of immunity, stress, and body condition during 2013–2015. We examined metrics of innate immunity (bactericidal ability and lysis) and stress (hair cortisol, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative barrier), in relation to indices of body condition considered to be short term (urea to creatinine ratio; UC ratio) and long term (storage energy and body mass index). We found the factors of sex, age, and reproductive status of the bear were critical for interpreting different physiological metrics. Additionally, the metrics of body condition were important predictors for stress indicators. Finally, many of these metrics differed between years, illustrating the need to examine populations on a longer time scale. Taken together, this study demonstrates the complex relationship between multiple facets of physiology and how interpretation requires us to examine individuals within a specific context.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jez.2112","usgsCitation":"Neuman-Lee, L., Terletzky, P., Atwood, T.C., Gese, E., Smith, G., Greenfield, S., Pettit, J., and French, S., 2017, Demographic and temporal variations in immunity and condition of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the southern Beaufort Sea: Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, v. 327, no. 5, p. 333-346, https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2112.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"346","ipdsId":"IP-086018","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7F76BDV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Innate Immunity and Stress and Reproductive Hormone Metrics for Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears, 2013-2015"},{"id":347806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","volume":"327","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bafe4b0531197af9fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuman-Lee, Lorin","contributorId":199061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neuman-Lee","given":"Lorin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terletzky, Patricia","contributorId":199062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terletzky","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gese, Eric","contributorId":199063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gese","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Geoffrey","contributorId":199064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Geoffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greenfield, Sydney","contributorId":199065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenfield","given":"Sydney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pettit, John","contributorId":199066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pettit","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"French, Susannah","contributorId":199067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"French","given":"Susannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70193244,"text":"70193244 - 2017 - Lidar aboveground vegetation biomass estimates in shrublands: Prediction, uncertainties and application to coarser scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:40:44","indexId":"70193244","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lidar aboveground vegetation biomass estimates in shrublands: Prediction, uncertainties and application to coarser scales","docAbstract":"Our study objectives were to model the aboveground biomass in a xeric shrub-steppe landscape with airborne light detection and ranging (Lidar) and explore the uncertainty associated with the models we created. We incorporated vegetation vertical structure information obtained from Lidar with ground-measured biomass data, allowing us to scale shrub biomass from small field sites (1 m subplots and 1 ha plots) to a larger landscape. A series of airborne Lidar-derived vegetation metrics were trained and linked with the field-measured biomass in Random Forests (RF) regression models. A Stepwise Multiple Regression (SMR) model was also explored as a comparison. Our results demonstrated that the important predictors from Lidar-derived metrics had a strong correlation with field-measured biomass in the RF regression models with a pseudo R2 of 0.76 and RMSE of 125 g/m2 for shrub biomass and a pseudo R2 of 0.74 and RMSE of 141 g/m2 for total biomass, and a weak correlation with field-measured herbaceous biomass. The SMR results were similar but slightly better than RF, explaining 77–79% of the variance, with RMSE ranging from 120 to 129 g/m2 for shrub and total biomass, respectively. We further explored the computational efficiency and relative accuracies of using point cloud and raster Lidar metrics at different resolutions (1 m to 1 ha). Metrics derived from the Lidar point cloud processing led to improved biomass estimates at nearly all resolutions in comparison to raster-derived Lidar metrics. Only at 1 m were the results from the point cloud and raster products nearly equivalent. The best Lidar prediction models of biomass at the plot-level (1 ha) were achieved when Lidar metrics were derived from an average of fine resolution (1 m) metrics to minimize boundary effects and to smooth variability. Overall, both RF and SMR methods explained more than 74% of the variance in biomass, with the most important Lidar variables being associated with vegetation structure and statistical measures of this structure (e.g., standard deviation of height was a strong predictor of biomass). Using our model results, we developed spatially-explicit Lidar estimates of total and shrub biomass across our study site in the Great Basin, U.S.A., for monitoring and planning in this imperiled ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":" MDPI AG","doi":"10.3390/rs9090903","usgsCitation":"Li, A., Dhakal, S., Glenn, N.F., Spaete, L.P., Shinneman, D.J., Pilliod, D.S., Arkle, R., and McIlroy, S., 2017, Lidar aboveground vegetation biomass estimates in shrublands: Prediction, uncertainties and application to coarser scales: Remote Sensing, v. 9, 903; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090903.","productDescription":"903; 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-087544","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090903","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.66,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -116.66,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -116.66,\n 42.71473218539458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98ba8e4b0531197af9fa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Aihua","contributorId":169445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Aihua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dhakal, Shital","contributorId":199163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dhakal","given":"Shital","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, Nancy F.","contributorId":195241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spaete, Luke P.","contributorId":199164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spaete","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":149254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arkle, Robert 0000-0003-3021-1389 rarkle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-1389","contributorId":149893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert","email":"rarkle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McIlroy, Susan K. 0000-0001-5088-3700 smcilroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-3700","contributorId":169446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIlroy","given":"Susan","email":"smcilroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70193218,"text":"70193218 - 2017 - Origin of discrepancies between crater size-frequency distributions of coeval lunar geologic units via target property contrasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T14:41:00","indexId":"70193218","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of discrepancies between crater size-frequency distributions of coeval lunar geologic units via target property contrasts","docAbstract":"Recent work on dating Copernican-aged craters, using Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Camera data, re-encountered a curious discrepancy in crater size-frequency distribution (CSFD) measurements that was observed, but not understood, during the Apollo era. For example, at Tycho, Copernicus, and Aristarchus craters, CSFDs of impact melt deposits give significantly younger relative and absolute model ages (AMAs) than impact ejecta blankets, although these two units formed during one impact event, and would ideally yield coeval ages at the resolution of the CSFD technique. We investigated the effects of contrasting target properties on CSFDs and their resultant relative and absolute model ages for coeval lunar impact melt and ejecta units. We counted craters with diameters through the transition from strength- to gravity-scaling on two large impact melt deposits at Tycho and King craters, and we used pi-group scaling calculations to model the effects of differing target properties on final crater diameters for five different theoretical lunar targets. The new CSFD for the large King Crater melt pond bridges the gap between the discrepant CSFDs within a single geologic unit. Thus, the observed trends in the impact melt CSFDs support the occurrence of target property effects, rather than self-secondary and/or field secondary contamination. The CSFDs generated from the pi-group scaling calculations show that targets with higher density and effective strength yield smaller crater diameters than weaker targets, such that the relative ages of the former are lower relative to the latter. Consequently, coeval impact melt and ejecta units will have discrepant apparent ages. Target property differences also affect the resulting slope of the CSFD, with stronger targets exhibiting shallower slopes, so that the final crater diameters may differ more greatly at smaller diameters. Besides their application to age dating, the CSFDs may provide additional information about the characteristics of the target. For example, the transition diameter from strength- to gravity-scaling could provide a tool for investigating the relative strengths of different geologic units. The magnitude of the offset between the impact melt and ejecta isochrons may also provide information about the relative target properties and/or exposure/degradation ages of the two units. Robotic or human sampling of coeval units on the Moon could provide a direct test of the importance and magnitude of target property effects on CSFDs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.040","usgsCitation":"Van der Bogert, C.H., Hiesinger, H., Dundas, C.M., Kruger, T., McEwen, A.S., Zanetti, M., and Robinson, M.S., 2017, Origin of discrepancies between crater size-frequency distributions of coeval lunar geologic units via target property contrasts: Icarus, v. 298, p. 49-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.040.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-067339","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98babe4b0531197af9fb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van der Bogert, Carolyn H.","contributorId":199120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van der Bogert","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiesinger, Harald","contributorId":172686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiesinger","given":"Harald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27080,"text":"Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruger, T.","contributorId":199121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zanetti, Michael","contributorId":199122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zanetti","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, Mark S.","contributorId":167665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193219,"text":"70193219 - 2017 - High-resolution seismic characterization of the gas and gas hydrate system at Green Canyon 955, Gulf of Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T10:54:41","indexId":"70193219","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution seismic characterization of the gas and gas hydrate system at Green Canyon 955, Gulf of Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"The Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments at lease block Green Canyon 955 (GC955) in the Gulf of Mexico include sand-rich strata with high saturations of gas hydrate; these gas hydrate accumulations and the associated geology have been characterized over the past decade using conventional industry three-dimensional (3D) seismic data and dedicated logging-while-drilling (LWD) borehole data. To improve structural and stratigraphic characterization and to address questions of gas flow and reservoir properties, in 2013 the U.S. Geological Survey acquired high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) seismic data at GC955. Combined analysis of all available data improves our understanding of the geological evolution of the study area, which includes basin-scale migration of the Mississippi River sediment influx as well as local-scale shifting of sedimentary channels at GC955 in response to salt-driven uplift, structural deformation associated with the salt uplift, and upward gas migration from deeper sediments that charges the main gas hydrate reservoir and shallower strata. The 2D data confirm that the sand-rich reservoir is composed principally of sediments deposited in a proximal levee setting and that episodes of channel scour, interspersed with levee deposition, have resulted in an assemblage of many individual proximal levee deposit “pods” each with horizontal extent up to several hundred meters. Joint analysis of the 2D and 3D data reveals new detail of a complex fault network that controls the fluid-flow system; large east-west trending normal faults allow fluid flow through the reservoir-sealing fine-grained unit, and smaller north-south oriented faults provide focused fluid-flow pathways (chimneys) through the shallower sediments. This system has enabled the flow of gas from the main reservoir to the seafloor throughout the recent history at GC955, and its intricacies help explain the distributed occurrences of gas hydrate in the intervening strata.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.01.029","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Hart, P.E., Collett, T.S., Shedd, W., Frye, M., Weimer, P., and Boswell, R., 2017, High-resolution seismic characterization of the gas and gas hydrate system at Green Canyon 955, Gulf of Mexico, USA: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 82, p. 220-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.01.029.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"237","ipdsId":"IP-080584","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.01.029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.96630859375,\n 27.32297494724568\n ],\n [\n -88.560791015625,\n 27.32297494724568\n ],\n [\n -88.560791015625,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -92.96630859375,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -92.96630859375,\n 27.32297494724568\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98babe4b0531197af9fac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shedd, William","contributorId":197798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shedd","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frye, Matthew","contributorId":197799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frye","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weimer, Paul","contributorId":107650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weimer","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":195143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193176,"text":"70193176 - 2017 - Hydrological responses to channelization and the formation of valley plugs and shoals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T09:46:24","indexId":"70193176","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological responses to channelization and the formation of valley plugs and shoals","docAbstract":"Rehabilitation of floodplain systems focuses on restoring interactions between the fluvial system and floodplain, however, there is a paucity of information on the effects of valley plugs and shoals on floodplain hydrological processes. We investigated hydrologic regimes in floodplains at three valley plug sites, two shoal sites, and three unchannelized sites. Valley plug sites had altered surface and sub-surface hydrology relative to unchannelized sites, while only sub-surface hydrology was affected at shoal sites. Some of the changes were unexpected, such as reduced flood duration and flood depth in floodplains associated with valley plugs. Our results emphasize the variability associated with hydrologic processes around valley plugs and our rudimentary understanding of the effects associated with these geomorphic features. Water table levels were lower at valley plug sites compared to unchannelized sites, however, valley plug sites had a greater proportion of days when water table inundation was above mean root collar depth than both shoal and unchannelized sites as a result of lower root collar depths and higher deposition rates. This study has provided evidence that valley plugs can affect both surface and sub-surface hydrology in different ways than previously thought and illustrates the variability in hydrological responses to valley plug formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-017-0886-4","usgsCitation":"Pierce, A.R., and King, S.L., 2017, Hydrological responses to channelization and the formation of valley plugs and shoals: Wetlands, v. 37, no. 3, p. 513-523, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-017-0886-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":" 513","endPage":"523","ipdsId":"IP-075866","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bace4b0531197af9fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Aaron R.","contributorId":94421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33463,"text":"Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193120,"text":"70193120 - 2017 - Environmental and behavioral changes may influence the exposure of an Arctic apex predator to pathogens and contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T11:28:39","indexId":"70193120","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental and behavioral changes may influence the exposure of an Arctic apex predator to pathogens and contaminants","docAbstract":"Recent decline of sea ice habitat has coincided with increased use of land by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the southern Beaufort Sea (SB), which may alter the risks of exposure to pathogens and contaminants. We assayed blood samples from SB polar bears to assess prior exposure to the pathogens Brucella spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, and Neospora caninum, estimate concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and evaluate risk factors associated with exposure to pathogens and POPs. We found that seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and T. gondii antibodies likely increased through time, and provide the first evidence of exposure of polar bears to C. burnetii, N. caninum, and F. tularensis. Additionally, the odds of exposure to T. gondii were greater for bears that used land than for bears that remained on the sea ice during summer and fall, while mean concentrations of the POP chlordane (ΣCHL) were lower for land-based bears. Changes in polar bear behavior brought about by climate-induced modifications to the Arctic marine ecosystem may increase exposure risk to certain pathogens and alter contaminant exposure pathways.
","language":"English","publisher":"Macmillan Publishers","doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-13496-9","usgsCitation":"Atwood, T.C., Duncan, C.G., Patyk, K.A., Nol, P., Rhyan, J., McCollum, M., McKinney, M.A., Ramey, A.M., Cerqueira-Cezar, C., Kwok, O., Dubey, J.P., and Hennager, S., 2017, Environmental and behavioral changes may influence the exposure of an Arctic apex predator to pathogens and contaminants: Scientific Reports, v. 7, 13193; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13496-9.","productDescription":"13193; 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086497","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13496-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78P5Z0G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pathogen and Contaminant Exposure Data from Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears, 2007-2014"},{"id":347841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.763916015625,\n 69.79034074260014\n ],\n [\n -148.38134765625,\n 69.79034074260014\n ],\n [\n -148.38134765625,\n 71.61867863505971\n ],\n [\n -156.763916015625,\n 71.61867863505971\n ],\n [\n -156.763916015625,\n 69.79034074260014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bb0e4b0531197af9fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 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A.","contributorId":11496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinney","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cerqueira-Cezar, Camila","contributorId":199056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cerqueira-Cezar","given":"Camila","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kwok, Oliver C H","contributorId":199057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kwok","given":"Oliver C H","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dubey, Jitender P","contributorId":199058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubey","given":"Jitender","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hennager, S.G.","contributorId":38309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hennager","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70193123,"text":"70193123 - 2017 - Relative influences of climate change and human activity on the onshore distribution of polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T10:08:45","indexId":"70193123","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative influences of climate change and human activity on the onshore distribution of polar bears","docAbstract":"Climate change is altering habitat for many species, leading to shifts in distributions that can increase levels of human-wildlife conflict. To develop effective strategies for minimizing human-wildlife conflict, we must understand the relative influences that climate change and other factors have on wildlife distributions. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are increasingly using land during summer and autumn due to sea ice loss, leading to higher incidents of conflict and concerns for human safety. We sought to understand the relative influence of sea ice conditions, onshore habitat characteristics, and human-provisioned food attractants on the distribution and abundance of polar bears while on shore. We also wanted to determine how mitigation measures might reduce human-polar bear conflict associated with an anthropogenic food source. We built a Bayesian hierarchical model based on 14 years of aerial survey data to estimate the weekly number and distribution of polar bears on the coast of northern Alaska in autumn. We then used the model to predict how effective two management options for handling subsistence-harvested whale remains in the community of Kaktovik, Alaska might be. The distribution of bears on shore was most strongly influenced by the presence of whale carcasses and to a lesser extent sea ice and onshore habitat conditions. The numbers of bears on shore were related to sea ice conditions. The two management strategies for handling the whale carcasses reduced the estimated number of bears near Kaktovik by > 75%. By considering multiple factors associated with the onshore distribution and abundance of polar bears we discerned what role human activities played in where bears occur and how successful efforts to manage the whale carcasses might be for reducing human-polar bear conflict.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.005","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.H., Regehr, E.V., St. Martin, M., Atwood, T.C., Peacock, E.L., Miller, S., and Divoky, G.J., 2017, Relative influences of climate change and human activity on the onshore distribution of polar bears: Biological Conservation, v. 214, p. 288-294, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.005.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-081468","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74Q7S6Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Polar Bear Fall Coastal Survey Data from the Southern Beaufort Sea of Alaska, 2010-2013"},{"id":347803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 69.51914693717981\n ],\n [\n -147.205810546875,\n 69.51914693717981\n ],\n [\n -147.205810546875,\n 71.54926391392517\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 71.54926391392517\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 69.51914693717981\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"214","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98baee4b0531197af9fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Ryan H. 0000-0001-7740-7771","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-7771","contributorId":130989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"St. Martin, Michelle","contributorId":150114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Martin","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Susanne","contributorId":50955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13235,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Divoky, George J.","contributorId":100912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Divoky","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193126,"text":"70193126 - 2017 - Temporal complexity of southern Beaufort Sea polar bear diets during a period of increasing land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T14:25:20","indexId":"70193126","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal complexity of southern Beaufort Sea polar bear diets during a period of increasing land use","docAbstract":"From 2000 to 2013, use of land as a seasonal habitat by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) subpopulation substantially increased. This onshore use has been linked to reduced spatial and temporal availability of sea ice, as well as to the availability of subsistence‐harvested bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) bone piles. Here, we evaluated the role of climate conditions on consumption of traditional ice‐associated prey relative to onshore bowhead whale bone piles. We determined seasonal and interannual trends in the diets of SB polar bears using fatty acid‐based analysis during this period of increasing land use. Diet estimates of 569 SB polar bears from 2004 to 2012 showed high seasonal fluctuations in the proportions of prey consumed. Higher proportions of bowhead whale, as well as ringed seal (Pusa hispida) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), were estimated to occur in the winter–spring diet, while higher proportions of bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) were estimated for summer–fall diets. Trends in the annual mean proportions of individual prey items were not found in either period, except for significant declines in the proportion of beluga in spring‐sampled bears. Nonetheless, in years following a high winter Arctic oscillation index, proportions of ice‐associated ringed seal were lower in the winter–spring diets of adult females and juveniles. Proportions of bowhead increased in the winter–spring diets of adult males with the number of ice‐free days over the continental shelf. In one or both seasons, polar bears that were in better condition were estimated to have consumed less ringed seal and/or more bowhead whale than those in worse condition. Therefore, climate variation over this recent period appeared to influence the extent of onshore vs. on‐ice food use, which in turn, appeared to be linked to fluctuating condition of SB polar bears.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1633","usgsCitation":"McKinney, M.A., Atwood, T.C., Iverson, S.J., and Peacock, E.L., 2017, Temporal complexity of southern Beaufort Sea polar bear diets during a period of increasing land use: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 1, Article e01633; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1633.","productDescription":"Article e01633; 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-071660","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1633","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NIMT90","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear Fatty Acid Data, Spring Samples 2004-2016"},{"id":347801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bade4b0531197af9fb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, Melissa A.","contributorId":11496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinney","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, Sara J.","contributorId":38471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193125,"text":"70193125 - 2017 - Polar bear attacks on humans: Implications of a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T10:04:40","indexId":"70193125","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear attacks on humans: Implications of a changing climate","docAbstract":"Understanding causes of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) attacks on humans is critical to ensuring both human safety and polar bear conservation. Although considerable attention has been focused on understanding black (U. americanus) and grizzly (U. arctos) bear conflicts with humans, there have been few attempts to systematically collect, analyze, and interpret available information on human-polar bear conflicts across their range. To help fill this knowledge gap, a database was developed (Polar Bear-Human Information Management System [PBHIMS]) to facilitate the range-wide collection and analysis of human-polar bear conflict data. We populated the PBHIMS with data collected throughout the polar bear range, analyzed polar bear attacks on people, and found that reported attacks have been extremely rare. From 1870–2014, we documented 73 attacks by wild polar bears, distributed among the 5 polar bear Range States (Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, and United States), which resulted in 20 human fatalities and 63 human injuries. We found that nutritionally stressed adult male polar bears were the most likely to pose threats to human safety. Attacks by adult females were rare, and most were attributed to defense of cubs. We judged that bears acted as a predator in most attacks, and that nearly all attacks involved ≤2 people. Increased concern for both human and bear safety is warranted in light of predictions of increased numbers of nutritionally stressed bears spending longer amounts of time on land near people because of the loss of their sea ice habitat. Improved conflict investigation is needed to collect accurate and relevant data and communicate accurate bear safety messages and mitigation strategies to the public. With better information, people can take proactive measures in polar bear habitat to ensure their safety and prevent conflicts with polar bears. This work represents an important first step towards improving our understanding of factors influencing human-polar bear conflicts. Continued collection and analysis of range-wide data on interactions and conflicts will help increase human safety and ensure the conservation of polar bears for future generations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.783","usgsCitation":"Wilder, J., Vongraven, D., Atwood, T.C., Hansen, B., Jessen, A., Kochnev, A.A., York, G., Vallender, R., Hedman, D., and Gibbons, M., 2017, Polar bear attacks on humans: Implications of a changing climate: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 41, no. 3, p. 537-547, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.783.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"547","ipdsId":"IP-079208","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/12a8c44c8a1340928699d571ff587c4e","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, United States","volume":"41","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bade4b0531197af9fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilder, James","contributorId":152610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilder","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vongraven, Dag","contributorId":131092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vongraven","given":"Dag","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Bob","contributorId":199071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jessen, Amalie","contributorId":199072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessen","given":"Amalie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kochnev, Anatoly A.","contributorId":50096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochnev","given":"Anatoly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"York, Geoff","contributorId":199074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"York","given":"Geoff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vallender, Rachel","contributorId":194966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vallender","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34540,"text":"Canadian Museum of Nature","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":27312,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hedman, Daryll","contributorId":199075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedman","given":"Daryll","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gibbons, Melissa","contributorId":199076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70193327,"text":"70193327 - 2017 - Deglacial sea level history of the East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:13:15","indexId":"70193327","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1250,"text":"Climate of the Past","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deglacial sea level history of the East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea margins","docAbstract":"Deglacial (12.8–10.7 ka) sea level history on the East Siberian continental shelf and upper continental slope was reconstructed using new geophysical records and sediment cores taken during Leg 2 of the 2014 SWERUS-C3 expedition. The focus of this study is two cores from Herald Canyon, piston core SWERUS-L2-4-PC1 (4-PC1) and multicore SWERUS-L2-4-MC1 (4-MC1), and a gravity core from an East Siberian Sea transect, SWERUS-L2-20-GC1 (20-GC1). Cores 4-PC1 and 20-GC were taken at 120 and 115 m of modern water depth, respectively, only a few meters above the global last glacial maximum (LGM; ∼ 24 kiloannum or ka) minimum sea level of ∼ 125–130 meters below sea level (m b.s.l.). Using calibrated radiocarbon ages mainly on molluscs for chronology and the ecology of benthic foraminifera and ostracode species to estimate paleodepths, the data reveal a dominance of river-proximal species during the early part of the Younger Dryas event (YD, Greenland Stadial GS-1) followed by a rise in river-intermediate species in the late Younger Dryas or the early Holocene (Preboreal) period. A rapid relative sea level rise beginning at roughly 11.4 to 10.8 ka ( ∼ 400 cm of core depth) is indicated by a sharp faunal change and unconformity or condensed zone of sedimentation. Regional sea level at this time was about 108 m b.s.l. at the 4-PC1 site and 102 m b.s.l. at 20-GC1. Regional sea level near the end of the YD was up to 42–47 m lower than predicted by geophysical models corrected for glacio-isostatic adjustment. This discrepancy could be explained by delayed isostatic adjustment caused by a greater volume and/or geographical extent of glacial-age land ice and/or ice shelves in the western Arctic Ocean and adjacent Siberian land areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., O’Regan, M., Pearce, C., Gemery, L., Toomey, M., and Semiletov, I., 2017, Deglacial sea level history of the East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea margins: Climate of the Past, v. 13, no. 9, p. 1097-1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1110","ipdsId":"IP-083404","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea","volume":"13","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98ba4e4b0531197af9f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Regan, Matt","contributorId":197135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Regan","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25421,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearce, Christof","contributorId":197126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearce","given":"Christof","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25421,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gemery, Laura 0000-0003-1966-8732 lgemery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-8732","contributorId":5402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gemery","given":"Laura","email":"lgemery@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toomey, Michael 0000-0003-0167-9273 mtoomey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-9273","contributorId":184097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toomey","given":"Michael","email":"mtoomey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Semiletov, Igor","contributorId":197134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Semiletov","given":"Igor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24563,"text":"Tomsk Polytechnic University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":35519,"text":"Russian Academy Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193322,"text":"70193322 - 2017 - Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great Basin Rattlesnake). Defensive behavior/head hiding and tongue display","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T14:57:31","indexId":"70193322","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great Basin Rattlesnake). Defensive behavior/head hiding and tongue display","title":"Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great Basin Rattlesnake). Defensive behavior/head hiding and tongue display","docAbstract":"A variety of snake species employ head hiding as defensive behavior (Greene 1973. J. Herpetol. 7:143–161), but such behavior seems to be rarely observed in rattlesnakes. A recent report (Medica 2009. Herpetol. Rev. 40:95–97) presented observations on Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus and cited cases of similar behavior involving C. atrox, C. ruber, and C. viridis viridis. Here we report an encounter on 28 May 2016 with a C. oreganus lutosus (total length ca. 900 mm) observed 16 km S of Fallon, Churchill County, Nevada, USA. At 0925 h this snake was spotted by AKJ near the edge of the pavement on U.S. Hwy. 95. When approached, the snake presented typical active defensive behavior, with the rattle elevated (although not rattling), striking occasionally, and frequently flicking its conspicuous lavender and black tongue. As AKJ continued to take pictures the snake coiled more tightly (Fig. 1A), maintaining its rattle concealed and finally hiding its head beneath its coils (Fig. 1B). After photographing this pose AKJ made his first physical contact with the snake by scooping it up with a small shovel and placing it off the road. At this point the snake recovered its feisty attitude and would not retreat despite attempts to move it further away from the road. The snake did not rattle during the entire encounter (which lasted less than 5 min). Head hiding as a “last resort” in response to a persistent unavoidable threat may be more widespread within the family Crotalidae than previously documented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A.K., and Medica, P.A., 2017, Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great Basin Rattlesnake). Defensive behavior/head hiding and tongue display: Herpetological Review, v. 48, no. 1, p. 209-210.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"210","ipdsId":"IP-081942","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347900,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Churchill County","volume":"48","issue":"1","publicComments":"This article is in the \"Natural History Notes\" section of the issue.","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98ba6e4b0531197af9f91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Alexander K.","contributorId":199332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":35516,"text":"Kimhae City, South Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medica, Phil A. 0000-0002-5901-8841 pmedica@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5901-8841","contributorId":3226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"Phil","email":"pmedica@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189312,"text":"ds1061 - 2017 - Geochemistry of mercury and other constituents in subsurface sediment—Analyses from 2011 and 2012 coring campaigns, Cache Creek Settling Basin, Yolo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T09:57:23","indexId":"ds1061","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1061","title":"Geochemistry of mercury and other constituents in subsurface sediment—Analyses from 2011 and 2012 coring campaigns, Cache Creek Settling Basin, Yolo County, California","docAbstract":"Cache Creek Settling Basin was constructed in 1937 to trap sediment from Cache Creek before delivery to the Yolo Bypass, a flood conveyance for the Sacramento River system that is tributary to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Sediment management options being considered by stakeholders in the Cache Creek Settling Basin include sediment excavation; however, that could expose sediments containing elevated mercury concentrations from historical mercury mining in the watershed. In cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources, the U.S. Geological Survey undertook sediment coring campaigns in 2011–12 (1) to describe lateral and vertical distributions of mercury concentrations in deposits of sediment in the Cache Creek Settling Basin and (2) to improve constraint of estimates of the rate of sediment deposition in the basin.
Sediment cores were collected in the Cache Creek Settling Basin, Yolo County, California, during October 2011 at 10 locations and during August 2012 at 5 other locations. Total core depths ranged from approximately 4.6 to 13.7 meters (15 to 45 feet), with penetration to about 9.1 meters (30 feet) at most locations. Unsplit cores were logged for two geophysical parameters (gamma bulk density and magnetic susceptibility); then, selected cores were split lengthwise. One half of each core was then photographed and archived, and the other half was subsampled. Initial subsamples from the cores (20-centimeter composite samples from five predetermined depths in each profile) were analyzed for total mercury, methylmercury, total reduced sulfur, iron speciation, organic content (as the percentage of weight loss on ignition), and grain-size distribution. Detailed follow-up subsampling (3-centimeter intervals) was done at six locations along an east-west transect in the southern part of the Cache Creek Settling Basin and at one location in the northern part of the basin for analyses of total mercury; organic content; and cesium-137, which was used for dating. This report documents site characteristics; field and laboratory methods; and results of the analyses of each core section and subsample of these sediment cores, including associated quality-assurance and quality-control data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Arias, M.R., Alpers, C.N., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Fuller, C.C., Agee, J.L., Sneed, Michelle, Morita, A.Y., and Salas, A.J., 2017, Geochemistry of mercury and other constituents in subsurface sediment—Analyses from 2011 and 2012 coring campaigns, Cache Creek Settling Basin, Yolo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1061, 150 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1061.","productDescription":"vi, 150 p.","numberOfPages":"160","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066188","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1061/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":347825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1061/ds1061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"56.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1061"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Yolo County","otherGeospatial":"Cache Creek Settling Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7333,\n 38.65\n ],\n [\n -121.65,\n 38.65\n ],\n [\n -121.65,\n 38.7333\n ],\n [\n -121.7333,\n 38.7333\n ],\n [\n -121.7333,\n 38.65\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Conservation of obligate grassland species requires not only the protection of a sufficiently large area of habitat but also the availability of necessary vegetation characteristics for particular species. As a result land managers must understand which habitat characteristics are important for their target species. To identify the habitat associations of eight species of grassland birds, we conducted bird and vegetation surveys on 66 grassland habitat patches in southwestern Minnesota in 2013 and 2014. Species of interest included sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis), Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii), dickcissel (Spiza americana), bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), and western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). We calculated correlation coefficients between vegetation variables and species density as measures of linear association. We assessed curvilinear relationships with loess plots. We found grassland birds on 95.5% of surveyed sites, indicating remnant prairie in southwestern Minnesota is used by grassland birds. In general individual species showed different patterns of association and most species were tolerant of a wide variety of habitat conditions. The most consistent pattern was a negative association with both the quantity and proximity of trees. Our findings that individual species have different habitat preferences suggest that prairie resource managers may need to coordinate management efforts in order to create a mosaic of habitat types to support multiple species, though tree control will be an important and ongoing management activity at the individual site level.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.165","usgsCitation":"Elliott, L.H., and Johnson, D.H., 2017, Local-scale habitat associations of grassland birds in southwestern Minnesota: American Midland Naturalist, v. 178, no. 2, p. 165-188, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-178.2.165.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-078337","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","volume":"178","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98ba6e4b0531197af9f96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Lisa H.","contributorId":199322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7201,"text":"University of Minnesota-St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194664,"text":"70194664 - 2017 - The magnitude and origin of groundwater discharge to eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:31:44.664965","indexId":"70194664","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The magnitude and origin of groundwater discharge to eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters","docAbstract":"Fresh groundwater discharge to coastal environments contributes to the physical and chemical conditions of coastal waters, but the role of coastal groundwater at regional to continental scales remains poorly defined due to diverse hydrologic conditions and the difficulty of tracking coastal groundwater flow paths through heterogeneous subsurface materials. We use three-dimensional groundwater flow models for the first time to calculate the magnitude and source areas of groundwater discharge from unconfined aquifers to coastal waterbodies along the entire eastern U.S. We find that 27.1 km3/yr (22.8–30.5 km3/yr) of groundwater directly enters eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters. The contributing recharge areas comprised ~175,000 km2 of U.S. land area, extending several kilometers inland. This result provides new information on the land area that can supply natural and anthropogenic constituents to coastal waters via groundwater discharge, thereby defining the subterranean domain potentially affecting coastal chemical budgets and ecosystem processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017GL075238","usgsCitation":"Befus, K., Kroeger, K.D., Smith, C.G., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2017, The magnitude and origin of groundwater discharge to eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 20, p. 10396-10406, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075238.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"10396","endPage":"10406","ipdsId":"IP-088608","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469383,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl075238","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349917,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","volume":"44","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb23e4b06e28e9c22d2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Befus, Kevin 0000-0001-7553-4195 kbefus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7553-4195","contributorId":190617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Befus","given":"Kevin","email":"kbefus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":724822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192467,"text":"70192467 - 2017 - Compositional variations in sands of the Bagnold Dunes, Gale Crater, Mars, from visible-shortwave infrared spectroscopy and comparison with ground truth from the Curiosity Rover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T15:52:15","indexId":"70192467","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional variations in sands of the Bagnold Dunes, Gale Crater, Mars, from visible-shortwave infrared spectroscopy and comparison with ground truth from the Curiosity Rover","docAbstract":"During its ascent up Mount Sharp, the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover traversed the Bagnold Dune Field. We model sand modal mineralogy and grain size at four locations near the rover traverse, using orbital shortwave infrared single scattering albedo spectra and a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo implementation of Hapke's radiative transfer theory to fully constrain uncertainties and permitted solutions. These predictions, evaluated against in situ measurements at one site from the Curiosity rover, show that XRD-measured mineralogy of the basaltic sands is within the 95% confidence interval of model predictions. However, predictions are relatively insensitive to grain size and are non-unique, especially when modeling the composition of minerals with solid solutions. We find an overall basaltic mineralogy and show subtle spatial variations in composition in and around the Bagnold dunes, consistent with a mafic enrichment of sands with cumulative transport distance by sorting of olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase grains during aeolian saltation. Furthermore, the large variations in Fe and Mg abundances (~20 wt%) at the Bagnold Dunes suggest that compositional variability induced by wind sorting may be enhanced by local mixing with proximal sand sources. Our estimates demonstrate a method for orbital quantification of composition with rigorous uncertainty determination and provide key constraints for interpreting in situ measurements of compositional variability within martian aeolian sandstones.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016JE005133","usgsCitation":"Lapotre, M.G., Ehlmann, B.L., Minson, S.E., Arvidson, R., Ayoub, F., Fraeman, A.A., Ewing, R.C., and Bridges, N.T., 2017, Compositional variations in sands of the Bagnold Dunes, Gale Crater, Mars, from visible-shortwave infrared spectroscopy and comparison with ground truth from the Curiosity Rover: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 122, no. 12, p. 2489-2509, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JE005133.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2489","endPage":"2509","ipdsId":"IP-081365","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016je005133","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bb2e4b0531197af9fd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapotre, Mathieu G.A.","contributorId":198421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapotre","given":"Mathieu","email":"","middleInitial":"G.A.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehlmann, B. L.","contributorId":198422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":198423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ayoub, F.","contributorId":198424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ayoub","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fraeman, A. A.","contributorId":198425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraeman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ewing, R. C.","contributorId":198426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewing","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bridges, N. T.","contributorId":198427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70195397,"text":"70195397 - 2017 - Flow and residence times of dynamic river bank storage and sinuosity-driven hyporheic exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T10:11:16","indexId":"70195397","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and residence times of dynamic river bank storage and sinuosity-driven hyporheic exchange","docAbstract":"Hydrologic exchange fluxes (HEFs) vary significantly along river corridors due to spatiotemporal changes in discharge and geomorphology. This variability results in the emergence of biogeochemical hot-spots and hot-moments that ultimately control solute and energy transport and ecosystem services from the local to the watershed scales. In this work, we use a reduced-order model to gain mechanistic understanding of river bank storage and sinuosity-driven hyporheic exchange induced by transient river discharge. This is the first time that a systematic analysis of both processes is presented and serves as an initial step to propose parsimonious, physics-based models for better predictions of water quality at the large watershed scale. The effects of channel sinuosity, alluvial valley slope, hydraulic conductivity, and river stage forcing intensity and duration are encapsulated in dimensionless variables that can be easily estimated or constrained. We find that the importance of perturbations in the hyporheic zone's flux, residence times, and geometry is mainly explained by two-dimensionless variables representing the ratio of the hydraulic time constant of the aquifer and the duration of the event (Γd) and the importance of the ambient groundwater flow ( ![\"math](\"http://binarystore.wiley.com/store/10.1002/2017WR021362/asset/equation/wrcr22904-math-0001.png?v=1&s=be103418b21131f03172a44a3017f7dbb804f190\")
). Our model additionally shows that even systems with small sensitivity, resulting in small changes in the hyporheic zone extent, are characterized by highly variable exchange fluxes and residence times. These findings highlight the importance of including dynamic changes in hyporheic zones for typical HEF models such as the transient storage model.
This publication releases digital versions of the geologic maps in U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map 1950 (USGS I-1950), “Geologic maps of pyroclastic-flow and related deposits of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington” (Kuntz, Rowley, and MacLeod, 1990) (https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/i1950). The 1980 Mount St. Helens eruptions on May 18, May 25, June 12, July 22, August 7, and October 16–18 produced pyroclastic-flow and related deposits. The distribution and morphology of these deposits, as determined from extensive field studies and examination of vertical aerial photographs, are shown on four maps in I-1950 (maps A–D) on two map sheets. Map A shows the May 18, May 25, and June 12 deposits; map B shows the July 22 deposits; map C shows the August 7 deposits; and map D shows the October 16–18 deposits. No digital geospatial versions of the geologic data were made available at the time of publication of the original maps. This data release consists of attributed vector features, data tables, and the cropped and georeferenced scans from which the features were digitized, in order to enable visualization and analysis of these data in GIS software. This data release enables users to digitally re-create the maps and description of map units of USGS I-1950; map sheet 1 includes text sections (Introduction, Physiography of Mount St. Helens at the time of the 1980 eruptions, Processes of the 1980 eruptions, Deposits of the 1980 eruptions, Limitations of the maps, Preparation of the maps, and References cited) and associated tables and figures that are not included in this data release.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1054","usgsCitation":"Furze, A.J., Bard, J.A., Robinson, J.E., Ramsey, D.W., Kuntz, M.A., Rowley, P.D., MacLoed, N.S., 2017, Database for Geologic Maps of Pyroclastic-Flow and Related Deposits of the 1980 Eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1054, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1054.","productDescription":"Geodatabase; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-081720","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347698,"rank":1,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1054/ds1054.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"11.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 1054 Geodatabase"},{"id":347699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1054/ds1054_readme.txt","size":"11 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1054 ReadMe"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.29774475097655,\n 46.13987966342405\n ],\n [\n -122.0855712890625,\n 46.13987966342405\n ],\n [\n -122.0855712890625,\n 46.26154380710643\n ],\n [\n -122.29774475097655,\n 46.26154380710643\n ],\n [\n -122.29774475097655,\n 46.13987966342405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center, Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683-9589