{"pageNumber":"942","pageRowStart":"23525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46895,"records":[{"id":70028304,"text":"70028304 - 2006 - A review of isotopic composition as an indicator of the natural and anthropogenic behavior of mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028304","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of isotopic composition as an indicator of the natural and anthropogenic behavior of mercury","docAbstract":"There are seven stable isotopes of Hg that can be fractionated as a result of inorganic and organic interactions. Important inorganic reactions involve speciation changes resulting from variations in environmental redox conditions, and phase changes resulting from variations in temperature and/or atmospheric pressure. Important organic reactions include methylation and demethylation, reactions that are bacterially mediated, and complexing with organic anions in soils. The measurement of Hg isotopes by multi-collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is now sufficiently precise and sensitive that it is potentially possible to develop the systematics of Hg isotopic fractionation. This provides an opportunity to evaluate the utility of Hg isotopes in identifying source processes, transport mechanisms, and sinks. New values are provided for, 201Hg/198Hg, 200Hg/198Hg, 199Hg/198Hg for three standard materials (IRMM-AE639, SRM 1641c, SRM 3133) that can be used to make inter-laboratory data comparisons, and these values are tabulated with published isotopic information. Overall, the isotopic data for these standards agree to approximately 0.2???. The paper reviews Hg isotope studies that deal with hydrothermal ore deposits, sediments, coal and organic complexing. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.006","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Ridley, W., and Stetson, S., 2006, A review of isotopic composition as an indicator of the natural and anthropogenic behavior of mercury: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1889-1899, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.006.","startPage":"1889","endPage":"1899","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210346,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.006"},{"id":237239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e551e4b0c8380cd46ca7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetson, S.J.","contributorId":6650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetson","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028301,"text":"70028301 - 2006 - Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028301","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models","docAbstract":"This paper describes a data assimilation method that uses observations of snow covered area (SCA) to update hydrologic model states in a mountainous catchment in Colorado. The assimilation method uses SCA information as part of an ensemble Kalman filter to alter the sub-basin distribution of snow as well as the basin water balance. This method permits an optimal combination of model simulations and observations, as well as propagation of information across model states. Sensitivity experiments are conducted with a fairly simple snowpack/water-balance model to evaluate effects of the data assimilation scheme on simulations of streamflow. The assimilation of SCA information results in minor improvements in the accuracy of streamflow simulations near the end of the snowmelt season. The small effect from SCA assimilation is initially surprising. It can be explained both because a substantial portion of snowmelts before any bare ground is exposed, and because the transition from 100% to 0% snow coverage occurs fairly quickly. Both of these factors are basin-dependent. Satellite SCA information is expected to be most useful in basins where snow cover is ephemeral. The data assimilation strategy presented in this study improved the accuracy of the streamflow simulation, indicating that SCA is a useful source of independent information that can be used as part of an integrated data assimilation strategy. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.001","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Slater, A., Barrett, A., Hay, L., McCabe, G., Rajagopalan, B., and Leavesley, G., 2006, Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models: Advances in Water Resources, v. 29, no. 8, p. 1209-1221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.001.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1221","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.001"},{"id":237169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8ce4b0c8380cd49dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, A.G.","contributorId":100601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrett, A.P.","contributorId":18564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rajagopalan, B.","contributorId":86947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028300,"text":"70028300 - 2006 - Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028300","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle","docAbstract":"A computer methodology is presented that allows natural aggregate producers, local governmental, and nongovernmental planners to define specific locations that may have sand and gravel deposits meeting user-specified minimum size, thickness, and geographic and geologic criteria, in areas where the surficial geology has been mapped. As an example, the surficial geologic map of the South Merrimack quadrangle was digitized and several digital geographic information system databases were downloaded from the internet and used to estimate the sand and gravel resources in the quadrangle. More than 41 percent of the South Merrimack quadrangle has been mapped as having sand and (or) gravel deposited by glacial meltwaters. These glaciofluvial areas are estimated to contain a total of 10 million m3 of material mapped as gravel, 60 million m3 of material mapped as mixed sand and gravel, and another 50 million m3 of material mapped as sand with minor silt. The mean thickness of these areas is about 1.95 meters. Twenty tracts were selected, each having individual areas of more than about 14 acres4 (5.67 hectares) of stratified glacial-meltwater sand and gravel deposits, at least 10-feet (3.0 m) of material above the watertable, and not sterilized by the proximity of buildings, roads, streams and other bodies of water, or railroads. The 20 tracts are estimated to contain between about 4 and 10 million short tons (st) of gravel and 20 and 30 million st of sand. The five most gravel-rich tracts contain about 71 to 82 percent of the gravel resources in all 20 tracts and about 54-56 percent of the sand. Using this methodology, and the above criteria, a group of four tracts, divided by narrow areas sterilized by a small stream and secondary roads, may have the highest potential in the quadrangle for sand and gravel resources. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-006-9021-6","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Sutphin, D.M., Drew, L., and Fowler, B., 2006, Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle: Natural Resources Research, v. 15, no. 3, p. 183-203, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-006-9021-6.","startPage":"183","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-006-9021-6"},{"id":237168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0aa1e4b0c8380cd523fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, B.K.","contributorId":82883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028298,"text":"70028298 - 2006 - Distribution of spawning activity by anadromous fishes in an atlantic slope drainage after removal of a low-head dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028298","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of spawning activity by anadromous fishes in an atlantic slope drainage after removal of a low-head dam","docAbstract":"In 1998, the Quaker Neck Dam was removed from the Neuse River near Goldsboro, North Carolina, restoring access to more than 120 km of potential main-stem spawning habitat and 1,488 km of potential tributary spawning habitat to anadromous fishes. We used plankton sampling and standardized electrofishing to examine the extent to which anadromous fishes utilized this restored spawning habitat in 2003 and 2004. Evidence of spawning activity was detected upstream of the former dam site for three anadromous species: American shad Alosa sapidissima, hickory shad A. mediocris, and striped bass Morone saxatilis. The percentages of eggs and larvae collected in the restored upstream habitat were greater in 2003, when spring flows were high, than in 2004. River reaches where spawning occurred were estimated from egg stage and water velocity data. Spawning of American shad and striped bass occurred primarily in main-stem river reaches that were further upstream during the year of higher spring flows. Hickory shad generally spawned in downstream reaches and in tributaries above and below the former dam site. These results demonstrate that anadromous fishes will take advantage of upper basin spawning habitat restored through dam removal as long as instream flows are adequate to facilitate upstream migration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-190.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., and Hightower, J., 2006, Distribution of spawning activity by anadromous fishes in an atlantic slope drainage after removal of a low-head dam: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 5, p. 1290-1300, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-190.1.","startPage":"1290","endPage":"1300","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477491,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/t05-190.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-190.1"},{"id":237137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0302e4b0c8380cd502cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, S. M.","contributorId":78043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028293,"text":"70028293 - 2006 - Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028293","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk","docAbstract":"Decades of intensive industrial and agricultural practices as well as rapid urbanization have left communities like Pueblo, Colorado facing potential health threats from pollution of its soils, air, water and food supply. To address such concerns about environmental contamination, we conducted an urban geochemical study of the city of Pueblo to offer insights into the potential chemical hazards in soil and inform priorities for future health studies and population interventions aimed at reducing exposures to inorganic substances. The current study characterizes the environmental landscape of Pueblo in terms of heavy metals, and relates this to population distributions. Soil was sampled within the city along transects and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). We also profiled Pueblo's communities in terms of their socioeconomic status and demographics. ArcGIS 9.0 was used to perform exploratory spatial data analysis and generate community profiles and prediction maps. The topsoil in Pueblo contains more As, Cd, Hg and Pb than national soil averages, although average Hg content in Pueblo was within reported baseline ranges. The highest levels of As concentrations ranged between 56.6 and 66.5 ppm. Lead concentrations exceeded 300 ppm in several of Pueblo's residential communities. Elevated levels of lead are concentrated in low-income Hispanic and African-American communities. Areas of excessively high Cd concentration exist around Pueblo, including low income and minority communities, raising additional health and environmental justice concerns. Although the distribution patterns vary by element and may reflect both industrial and non-industrial sources, the study confirms that there is environmental contamination around Pueblo and underscores the need for a comprehensive public health approach to address environmental threats in urban communities. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Diawara, D., Litt, J., Unis, D., Alfonso, N., Martinez, L., Crock, J., Smith, D.B., and Carsella, J., 2006, Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 28, no. 4, p. 297-315, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6.","startPage":"297","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6"},{"id":237062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed98e4b0c8380cd498d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diawara, D.M.","contributorId":64439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diawara","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litt, J.S.","contributorId":46296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litt","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unis, D.","contributorId":23329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alfonso, N.","contributorId":77350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alfonso","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinez, L.A.","contributorId":38764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carsella, J.","contributorId":68529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carsella","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028286,"text":"70028286 - 2006 - Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","docAbstract":"A model for simulating freshwater mussel population dynamics is presented. The model is a hydroinformatics tool that integrates principles from ecology, river hydraulics, fluid mechanics and sediment transport, and applies the individual-based modelling approach for simulating population dynamics. The general model layout, data requirements, and steps of the simulation process are discussed. As an illustration, simulation results from an application in a 10 km reach of the Upper Mississippi River are presented. The model was used to investigate the spatial distribution of mussels and the effects of food competition in native unionid mussel communities, and communities infested by Dreissena polymorpha, the zebra mussel. Simulation results were found to be realistic and coincided with data obtained from the literature. These results indicate that the model can be a useful tool for assessing the potential effects of different stressors on long-term population dynamics, and consequently, may improve the current understanding of cause and effect relationships in freshwater mussel communities. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Morales, Y., Weber, L., Mynett, A., and Newton, T., 2006, Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities: Ecological Modelling, v. 197, no. 3-4, p. 448-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018.","startPage":"448","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018"},{"id":236921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60dfe4b0c8380cd71713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morales, Y.","contributorId":47961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morales","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, L.J.","contributorId":79988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mynett, A.E.","contributorId":31188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mynett","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028278,"text":"70028278 - 2006 - A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:55:16","indexId":"70028278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a 16-year time series of vegetation condition information for the conterminous United States and Alaska using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The AVHRR data have been processed using consistent methods that account for radiometric variability due to calibration uncertainty, the effects of the atmosphere on surface radiometric measurements obtained from wide field-of-view observations, and the geometric registration accuracy. The conterminous United States and Alaska data sets have an atmospheric correction for water vapor, ozone, and Rayleigh scattering and include a cloud mask derived using the Clouds from AVHRR (CLAVR) algorithm. In comparison with other AVHRR time series data sets, the conterminous United States and Alaska data are processed using similar techniques. The primary difference is that the conterminous United States and Alaska data are at 1 km resolution, while others are at 8 km resolution. The time series consists of weekly and biweekly maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) composites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J., 2006, A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1027-1035, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1035","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.9.1027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeff","contributorId":95156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028272,"text":"70028272 - 2006 - Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T13:53:53","indexId":"70028272","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations","docAbstract":"<p>A 3D seismic velocity and attenuation model is developed for Santa Clara Valley, California, and its surrounding uplands to predict ground motions from scenario earthquakes. The model is developed using a variety of geologic and geophysical data. Our starting point is a 3D geologic model developed primarily from geologic mapping and gravity and magnetic surveys. An initial velocity model is constructed by using seismic velocities from boreholes, reflection/refraction lines, and spatial autocorrelation microtremor surveys. This model is further refined and the seismic attenuation is estimated through waveform modeling of weak motions from small local events and strong-ground motion from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Waveforms are calculated to an upper frequency of 1 Hz using a parallelized finite-difference code that utilizes two regions with a factor of 3 difference in grid spacing to reduce memory requirements. Cenozoic basins trap and strongly amplify ground motions. This effect is particularly strong in the Evergreen Basin on the northeastern side of the Santa Clara Valley, where the steeply dipping Silver Creek fault forms the southwestern boundary of the basin. In comparison, the Cupertino Basin on the southwestern side of the valley has a more moderate response, which is attributed to a greater age and velocity of the Cenozoic fill. Surface waves play a major role in the ground motion of sedimentary basins, and they are seen to strongly develop along the western margins of the Santa Clara Valley for our simulation of the Loma Prieta earthquake.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120050243","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Harmsen, S., Williams, R.A., Carver, D., Frankel, A., Choy, G., Liu, P., Jachens, R., Brocher, T., and Wentworth, C., 2006, Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1851-1881, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050243.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1881","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050243"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.73950195312499,\n              37.54457732085582\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2283935546875,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.651611328125,\n              36.672824886786564\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.17370605468749,\n              36.97622678464096\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.73950195312499,\n              37.54457732085582\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdae4b0c8380cd6f858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, S.","contributorId":79600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carver, D.","contributorId":22792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Choy, G.","contributorId":93691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, P.-C.","contributorId":25339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70028270,"text":"70028270 - 2006 - Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028270","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","docAbstract":"We model the rainfall-induced initiation of shallow landslides over a broad region using a deterministic approach, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-stability (TRIGRS) model that couples an infinite-slope stability analysis with a one-dimensional analytical solution for transient pore pressure response to rainfall infiltration. This model permits the evaluation of regional shallow landslide susceptibility in a Geographic Information System framework, and we use it to analyze susceptibility to shallow landslides in an area in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy. As shown on a landslide inventory map produced by the Italian National Research Council, the area has been affected in the past by shallow landslides, many of which have transformed into debris flows. Input data for the TRIGRS model include time-varying rainfall, topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water table depth, and material strength and hydraulic properties. Because of a paucity of input data, we focus on parametric analyses to calibrate and test the model and show the effect of variation in material properties and initial water table conditions on the distribution of simulated instability in the study area in response to realistic rainfall. Comparing the results with the shallow landslide inventory map, we find more than 80% agreement between predicted shallow landslide susceptibility and the inventory, despite the paucity of input data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0","issn":"1612510X","usgsCitation":"Salciarini, D., Godt, J., Savage, W.Z., Conversini, P., Baum, R., and Michael, J.A., 2006, Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy: Landslides, v. 3, no. 3, p. 181-194, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0.","startPage":"181","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0"},{"id":237238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c21e4b0c8380cd6fa6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salciarini, D.","contributorId":59255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salciarini","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conversini, P.","contributorId":59307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conversini","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028269,"text":"70028269 - 2006 - Classification of leafy spurge with earth observing-1 advanced land imager","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028269","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of leafy spurge with earth observing-1 advanced land imager","docAbstract":"Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an invasive exotic plant that can completely displace native plant communities. Automated techniques for monitoring the location and extent of leafy spurge, especially if available on a seasonal basis, could add greatly to the effectiveness of control measures. As part of a larger study including multiple sensors, this study examines the utility of mapping the location and extent of leafy spurge in Theodore Roosevelt National Park using Earth Observing-1 satellite Advanced Land Imager (ALI) scanner data. An unsupervised classification methodology was used producing accuracies in the range of 59% to 66%. Existing field studies, with their associated limitations, were used for identifying class membership and accuracy assessment. This sensor could be useful for broad landscape scale mapping of leafy spurge, from which control measures could be based.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2111/06-052R1.1","issn":"15507424","usgsCitation":"Stitt, S., Root, R., Brown, K., Hager, S., Mladinich, C., Anderson, G., Dudek, K., Bustos, M., and Kokaly, R., 2006, Classification of leafy spurge with earth observing-1 advanced land imager: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 59, no. 5, p. 507-511, https://doi.org/10.2111/06-052R1.1.","startPage":"507","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477472,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643101","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210344,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/06-052R1.1"},{"id":237237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f61ae4b0c8380cd4c5c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stitt, S.","contributorId":21746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, R.","contributorId":24433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, K.","contributorId":49166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hager, S.","contributorId":24980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mladinich, C.","contributorId":9449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladinich","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, G.L.","contributorId":56430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dudek, K.","contributorId":10216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudek","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bustos, M.R.","contributorId":6646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bustos","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kokaly, R. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":31563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028268,"text":"70028268 - 2006 - Groundwater flow and velocity in a 500 ka pre-Illinoian till, eastern Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028268","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater flow and velocity in a 500 ka pre-Illinoian till, eastern Iowa","docAbstract":"Few hydrology studies have investigated glacial till older than Illinoian time (> 300,000 BP) despite these older tills overlying a large portion of North America. An 8- and 6-well monitoring well nest installed into a 31 m thick pre-Illinoian till sequence near Cedar Rapids, Iowa was characterized using traditional hydrologic methods and chemical tracers. The aquitard system consists of about 9 m of fine-grained oxidized pre-Illinoian till overlying 22 m of unoxidized till and Devonian dolomite bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity ranged from 10-7 m/s in oxidized till and 10-10 m/s in unoxidized till. Hydraulic head relations indicated downward groundwater flow through the till profile with hydraulic gradients steepest near the unoxidized till/bedrock interface. Tritium and nitrate concentrations indicated recent (< 50 years old) recharge to a depth of 9-12 m below land surface. 18O and 2H results ranged between -6.2 to -7.9% and -38.0 to -50.9%, respectively, and plotted near the local Meteoric Water Line. A 1 per mil shift toward less negative 18O values with depth may suggest a climate change signal contained in the till water but more data are needed to verify this trend. Vertical groundwater velocity through the unoxidized till was estimated to range from 0.4 to 5.7 cm/year. The thickness of unoxidized pre-Illinoian till in Linn County was estimated from available records and contoured against vertical travel times to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-Illinoian till in preventing nitrate migration to underlying bedrock aquifers. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-006-0299-9","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Tassier-Surine, S., 2006, Groundwater flow and velocity in a 500 ka pre-Illinoian till, eastern Iowa: Environmental Geology, v. 50, no. 8, p. 1255-1264, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0299-9.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1264","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0299-9"},{"id":237236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d9fe4b0c8380cd5bf61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tassier-Surine, S.","contributorId":77724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tassier-Surine","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028263,"text":"70028263 - 2006 - Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028263","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength","docAbstract":"Small-scale faulting at seismogenic depths in the crust appears to be more homogeneous than previously thought. I study three new high-quality focal-mechanism datasets of small (M < ??? 3) earthquakes in southern California, the east San Francisco Bay, and the aftershock sequence of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. I quantify the degree of mechanism variability on a range of length scales by comparing the hypocentral disctance between every pair of events and the angular difference between their focal mechanisms. Closely spaced earthquakes (interhypocentral distance <???2 km) tend to have very similar focal mechanisms, often identical to within the 1-sigma uncertainty of ???25??. This observed similarity implies that in small volumes of crust, while faults of many orientations may or may not be present, only similarly oriented fault planes produce earthquakes contemporaneously. On these short length scales, the crustal stress orientation and fault strength (coefficient of friction) are inferred to be homogeneous as well, to produce such similar earthquakes. Over larger length scales (???2-50 km), focal mechanisms become more diverse with increasing interhypocentral distance (differing on average by 40-70??). Mechanism variability on ???2- to 50 km length scales can be explained by ralatively small variations (???30%) in stress or fault strength. It is possible that most of this small apparent heterogeneity in stress of strength comes from measurement error in the focal mechanisms, as negligibble variation in stress or fault strength (<10%) is needed if each earthquake is assigned the optimally oriented focal mechanism within the 1-sigma confidence region. This local homogeneity in stress orientation and fault strength is encouraging, implying it may be possible to measure these parameters with enough precision to be useful in studying and modeling large earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050257","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., 2006, Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1675-1688, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050257.","startPage":"1675","endPage":"1688","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210287,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050257"},{"id":237165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3212e4b0c8380cd5e4d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028262,"text":"70028262 - 2006 - The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:16:21","indexId":"70028262","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Existing water quality data collected from domestic wells were summarized to develop the first national‐scale retrospective of self‐supplied drinking water sources. The contaminants evaluated represent a range of inorganic and organic compounds, and although the data set was not originally designed to be a statistical representation of national occurrence, it encompasses large parts of the United States including at least some wells sampled in every state and Puerto Rico. Inorganic contaminants were detected in many of the wells, and concentrations exceeded the U.S. EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs; federal drinking water standards used to regulate public drinking water quality) more often than organic contaminants. Of the inorganic constituents evaluated, arsenic concentrations exceeded the MCL (10 μg/L) in ∼11% of the 7580 wells evaluated, nitrate exceeded the MCL (10 mg/L) in ∼8% of the 3465 wells evaluated, uranium‐238 exceeded the MCL (30 μg/L) in ∼4% of the wells, and radon‐222 exceeded 300 and 4000 pCi/L (potential drinking water standards currently under review by the U.S. EPA) in ∼75% and 9% of the wells, respectively. The MCLs for total mercury and fluoride were each exceeded in &lt;1% of the wells evaluated. The MCL was exceeded in &lt;1% of all wells for all anthropogenically derived organic contaminants evaluated and was not exceeded for many contaminants. In addition, 10 contaminants evaluated do not currently have an MCL. Atrazine, however, was detected in 24% of the wells evaluated and was the most frequently detected organic contaminant of the 28 organic contaminants evaluated in this study. Simazine and metolachlor each were detected in ∼9% of all wells and tied for second in frequency of detection for organic contaminants. The third and fourth most frequently detected organic contaminants were methyl<span>&nbsp;</span><i>tert</i>‐butyl ether (MTBE) (6%) and chloroform (5%), respectively. Because the water quality of domestic wells is not federally regulated or nationally monitored, this study provides a unique, previously nonexistent, perspective on the quality of the self‐supplied drinking water resources used by ∼45 million Americans in the United States.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M.J., Tipton, D., Shapiro, S.D., and Geiger, L.H., 2006, The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 3, p. 92-104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x"},{"id":237136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2ce4b08c986b322744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tipton, D.","contributorId":58453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Stephanie Dunkle","contributorId":82738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"Dunkle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geiger, Linda H.","contributorId":91113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028260,"text":"70028260 - 2006 - River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:35:42","indexId":"70028260","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota","docAbstract":"We studied relations between river size, fish species diversity, and fish species composition along four major rivers in the Great Plains of southwestern South Dakota to assess patterns of species diversity and composition. We expected diversity to increase with river size and fish composition to change via species addition downstream. Previous surveys of 52 sampling stations provided fish assemblage data, and we used the Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine watershed area by station. Watershed area did not predict species richness or species diversity (Fisher's ??), so species richness of 12 ?? 3.5 SD species and Fisher's ?? of 2.3 ?? 0.87 SD characterized species diversity in the study area. Cluster analysis of faunal similarity (S??rensen's Index) among the 52 sampling stations identified two geographically distinct faunal divisions, so species composition was variable within the study area, but changed via species replacements among faunas rather than species additions downstream. Nonnative species were a minor component of all faunas. Uniform species diversity may be a recent phenomenon caused by impacts of Missouri River dams on native large-river fishes and the unsuitability of rivers in the Great Plains for nonnative species. Variation in faunal composition may also be recent because it was affected by dams. ?? Copyright by the Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525165","usgsCitation":"Hoagstrom, C., Wall, S., Duehr, J., and Berry, C.R., 2006, River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota: Great Plains Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 117-126.","startPage":"117","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268120,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/845/"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadb7e4b0c8380cd86f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoagstrom, C.W.","contributorId":11400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoagstrom","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, S.S.","contributorId":36721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duehr, J.P.","contributorId":86162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duehr","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, C. R. Jr.","contributorId":39167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028255,"text":"70028255 - 2006 - Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: A tool for ecological and botanical studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028255","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: A tool for ecological and botanical studies","docAbstract":"??? Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectra of plant leaves display complex absorption features related to organic constituents of leaf surfaces. The spectra can be recorded rapidly, both in the field and in the laboratory, without special sample preparation. ??? This paper explores sources of ATR spectral variation in leaves, including compositional, positional and temporal variations. Interspecific variations are also examined, including the use of ATR spectra as a tool for species identification. ??? Positional spectral variations generally reflected the abundance of cutin and the epicuticular wax thickness and composition. For example, leaves exposed to full sunlight commonly showed more prominent cutin- and wax-related absorption features compared with shaded leaves. Adaxial vs. abaxial leaf surfaces displayed spectral variations reflecting differences in trichome abundance and wax composition. Mature vs. young leaves showed changes in absorption band position and intensity related to cutin, polysaccharide, and possibly amorphous silica development on and near the leaf surfaces. ??? Provided that similar samples are compared (e.g. adaxial surfaces of mature, sun-exposed leaves) same-species individuals display practically identical ATR spectra. Using spectral matching procedures to analyze an ATR database containing 117 individuals, including 32 different tree species, 83% of the individuals were correctly identified. ?? The Authors (2006).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Phytologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x","issn":"0028646X","usgsCitation":"Ribeiro da Luz, B., 2006, Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: A tool for ecological and botanical studies: New Phytologist, v. 172, no. 2, p. 305-318, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x.","startPage":"305","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487560,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x"},{"id":237025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eed1e4b0c8380cd49fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribeiro da Luz, B.","contributorId":28423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribeiro da Luz","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028253,"text":"70028253 - 2006 - Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T09:59:29","indexId":"70028253","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method was used to delineate a fault zone and gently dipping sedimentary bedrock at a site overlain by several meters of regolith. Seismic data were collected rapidly and inexpensively using a towed 30-channel land streamer and a rubberband-accelerated weight-drop seismic source. Data processed using the MASW method imaged the subsurface to a depth of about&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>20</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.3em&quot; /><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">20</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">m</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">20m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;and allowed detection of the overburden, gross bedding features, and fault zone. The fault zone was characterized by a lower shear-wave velocity&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mo\">(</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mi\">V</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mo\">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(Vs)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;than the competent bedrock, consistent with a large-scale fault, secondary fractures, and in-situ weathering. The MASW 2D&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\">V</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Vs</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;section was further interpreted to identify dipping beds consistent with local geologic mapping. Mapping of shallow-fault zones and dipping sedimentary rock substantially extends the applications of the MASW method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2227521","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Lacombe, P., Johnson, C., and Lane, J., 2006, Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 5, p. A39-A42, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2227521.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"A39","endPage":"A42","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.82603549957275,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.80174541473389,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.80174541473389,\n              40.27012860983725\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82603549957275,\n              40.27012860983725\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82603549957275,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe60e4b0c8380cd4ece4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacombe, P.","contributorId":96891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028252,"text":"70028252 - 2006 - Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T11:08:07","indexId":"70028252","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus","docAbstract":"Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is used as indicator species for contaminant effects at areas of concern (AOC) in the Great Lakes and other areas. One of the beneficial use impairments at numerous AOC is 'fish tumors and other deformities'. An impairment occurs when the prevalence of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds those at unimpacted or control sites or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver lesions in bullhead or white sucker Catostomus commersonii. Numerous surveys have been conducted over the years assessing neoplasia in these fishes, both liver and skin tumors. However, a major problem in comparing the results has been a lack of consistent criteria for evaluating histological changes in bullhead livers. As individual AOC develop and implement remedial action plans, realistic and attainable delisting targets need to be specified. For this to occur and be consistent from site to site there must be standardization of the criteria being used to evaluate specific impairments. In this report, specific diagnostic criteria are provided for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic proliferative hepatocellular and biliary lesions. These criteria should assist fish pathologists in describing and categorizing proliferative liver lesions from brown bullhead. ?? Inter-Research 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Fournie, J., Wolf, J., and Wolfe, M., 2006, Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 72, no. 1, p. 19-30.","productDescription":"p.19-30","startPage":"19","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265914,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2006/72/d072p019.pdf"},{"id":236955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009de4b0c8380cd4f813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fournie, J.W.","contributorId":83463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournie","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, J.C.","contributorId":19338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, M.J.","contributorId":30187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028249,"text":"70028249 - 2006 - Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028249","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) approximations, usually based on computed potential ET (PET) and diverse PET-to-ET conceptualizations, are routinely used in hydrologic analyses. This study presents an approach to incorporate measured (actual) ET data, increasingly available using micrometeorological methods, to define the adequacy of ET approximations for hydrologic simulation. The approach is demonstrated at a site where eddy correlation-measured ET values were available. A baseline hydrologic model incorporating measured ET values was used to evaluate the sensitivity of simulated water levels, subsurface recharge, and surface runoff to error in four ET approximations. An annually invariant pattern of mean monthly vegetation coefficients was shown to be most effective, despite the substantial year-to-year variation in measured vegetation coefficients. The temporal variability of available water (precipitation minus ET) at the humid, subtropical site was largely controlled by the relatively high temporal variability of precipitation, benefiting the effectiveness of coarse ET approximations, a result that is likely to prevail at other humid sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., 2006, Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 42, no. 3, p. 699-711, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x.","startPage":"699","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x"},{"id":236917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6f3e4b0c8380cd47748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028246,"text":"70028246 - 2006 - Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028246","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data","docAbstract":"The Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized study area, approximately 10??km in diameter, is underlain by a central zone of hydrothermally altered rocks associated with Cu-Au mineralization. The surrounding country rocks are a variable mixture of unaltered volcanic rocks, fluvial deposits, and eolian quartz sand. Analysis of 15-band Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data of the study area, aided by laboratory spectral reflectance and spectral emittance measurements of field samples, shows that phyllically altered rocks are laterally extensive, and contain localized areas of argillically altered rocks. In the visible through shortwave-infrared (VNIR + SWIR) phyllically altered rocks are characterized by Al-OH absorption in ASTER band 6 because of molecular vibrations in muscovite, whereas argillically altered rocks have an absorption feature in band 5 resulting from alunite. Propylitically altered rocks form a peripheral zone and are present in scattered exposures within the main altered area. Chlorite and muscovite cause distinctive absorption features at 2.33 and 2.20????m, respectively, although less intense 2.33????m absorption is also present in image spectra of country rocks. Important complementary lithologic information was derived by analysis of the spectral emittance data in the 5 thermal-infrared (TIR) bands. Silicified rocks were not distinguished in the 9 VNIR + SWIR bands because of the lack of diagnostic spectral absorption features in quartz in this wavelength region. Quartz-bearing surficial deposits, as well as hydrothermally silicified rocks, were mapped in the TIR bands by using a band 13/band 12 ratio image, which is sensitive to the intensity of the quartz reststrahlen feature. Improved distinction between the quartzose surficial deposits and silicified bedrock was achieved by using matched-filter processing with TIR image spectra for reference. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.014","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Schmidt, R.G., and Mars, J., 2006, Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 104, no. 1, p. 74-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.014.","startPage":"74","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.014"},{"id":236848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02dae4b0c8380cd50217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, R. G.","contributorId":107690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mars, J.C.","contributorId":74833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028218,"text":"70028218 - 2006 - Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028218","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests","docAbstract":"Managing for stand structural complexity in northern hardwood forests has been proposed as a method for promoting microhabitat characteristics important to eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). We evaluated the effects of alternate, structure-based silvicultural systems on red-backed salamander populations at two research sites in northwestern Vermont. Treatments included two uneven-aged approaches (single-tree selection and group-selection) and one unconventional approach, termed \"structural complexity enhancement\" (SCE), that promotes development of late-successional structure, including elevated levels of coarse woody debris (CWD). Treatments were applied to 2 ha units and were replicated two to four times depending on treatment. We surveyed red-backed salamanders with a natural cover search method of transects nested within vegetation plots 1 year after logging. Abundance estimates corrected for detection probability were calculated from survey data with a binomial mixture model. Abundance estimates differed between study areas and were influenced by forest structural characteristics. Model selection was conducted using Akaike Information Criteria, corrected for over-dispersed data and small sample size (QAICc). We found no difference in abundance as a response to treatment as a whole, suggesting that all of the uneven-aged silvicultural systems evaluated can maintain salamander populations after harvest. However, abundance was tied to specific structural habitat attributes associated with study plots within treatments. The most parsimonious model of habitat covariates included site, relative density of overstory trees, and density of more-decayed and less-decayed downed CWD. Abundance responded positively to the density of downed, well-decayed CWD and negatively to the density of poorly decayed CWD and to overstory relative density. CWD volume was not a strong predictor of salamander abundance. We conclude that structural complexity enhancement and the two uneven-aged approaches maintained important microhabitat characteristics for red-backed salamander populations in the short term. Over the long-term, given decay processes as a determinant of biological availability, forestry practices such as SCE that enhance CWD availability and recruitment may result in associated population responses. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.034","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"McKenny, H., Keeton, W., and Donovan, T., 2006, Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 230, no. 1-3, p. 186-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.034.","startPage":"186","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.034"},{"id":236953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"230","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e3e4b0c8380cd518a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenny, H.C.","contributorId":7486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenny","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeton, W.S.","contributorId":35936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeton","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028210,"text":"70028210 - 2006 - Energy density of lake whitefish <i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i> in Lakes Huron and Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:33:13","indexId":"70028210","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy density of lake whitefish <i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i> in Lakes Huron and Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>We collected lake whitefish&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Coregonus clupeaformis</i><span>&nbsp;off Alpena and Tawas City, Michigan, USA in Lake Huron and off Muskegon, Michigan USA in Lake Michigan during 2002&ndash;2004. We determined energy density and percent dry weight for lake whitefish from both lakes and lipid content for Lake Michigan fish. Energy density increased with increasing fish weight up to 800&nbsp;g, and then remained relatively constant with further increases in fish weight. Energy density, adjusted for weight, was lower in Lake Huron than in Lake Michigan for both small (&le;800&nbsp;g) and large fish (&gt;800&nbsp;g). Energy density did not differ seasonally for small or large lake whitefish or between adult male and female fish. Energy density was strongly correlated with percent dry weight and percent lipid content. Based on data from commercially caught lake whitefish, body condition was lower in Lake Huron than Lake Michigan during 1981&ndash;2003, indicating that the dissimilarity in body condition between the lakes could be long standing. Energy density and lipid content in 2002&ndash;2004 in Lake Michigan were lower than data for comparable sized fish collected in 1969&ndash;1971. Differences in energy density between lakes were attributed to variation in diet and prey energy content as well as factors that affect feeding rates such as lake whitefish density and prey abundance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-006-9017-4","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Pothoven, S., Nalepa, T., Madenjian, C., Rediske, R., Schneeberger, P., and He, J., 2006, Energy density of lake whitefish <i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i> in Lakes Huron and Michigan: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 76, no. 2-4, p. 151-158, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9017-4.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9017-4"},{"id":236845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0948e4b0c8380cd51e5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pothoven, S.A.","contributorId":52778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pothoven","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nalepa, T.F.","contributorId":95438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"T.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rediske, R.R.","contributorId":47148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rediske","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneeberger, P.J.","contributorId":74564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneeberger","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"He, J.X.","contributorId":7901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028194,"text":"70028194 - 2006 - Cokriging estimation of daily suspended sediment loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028194","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cokriging estimation of daily suspended sediment loads","docAbstract":"Daily suspended sediment loads (S) were estimated using cokriging (CK) of S with daily river discharge based on weekly, biweekly, or monthly sampled sediment data. They were also estimated with ordinary kriging (OK) and a rating curve method. The estimated daily loads were compared with the daily measured values over a nine-year-period. The results show that the estimated daily sediment loads with the CK using the weekly measured data best matched the measured daily values. The rating curve method based on the same data provides a fairly good match but it tends to underestimate the peak and overestimate the low values. The CK estimation was better than the rating curve because CK considers the temporal correlation among the data values and honors the measured points whereas the rating curve method does not. For the site studied, weekly sampling may be frequent enough for estimating daily sediment loads with CK when daily discharge data is available. The estimated daily loads with CK were less reliable when the sediment samples were taken less frequently, i.e., biweekly or monthly. The OK estimates using the weekly measured data significantly underestimates the daily S because unlike CK and the rating curve, OK makes no use of the correlation of sediment loads with frequently measured river discharge. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Schilling, K., and Skopec, M., 2006, Cokriging estimation of daily suspended sediment loads: Journal of Hydrology, v. 327, no. 3-4, p. 389-398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.028.","startPage":"389","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210261,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.028"},{"id":237130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"327","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a5e4b0c8380cd4cc20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, K.","contributorId":101423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skopec, M.","contributorId":14627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skopec","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028193,"text":"70028193 - 2006 - Numerical modeling of magnetic moments for UXO applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028193","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical modeling of magnetic moments for UXO applications","docAbstract":"The surface magnetic anomaly observed in UXO clearance is mainly dipolar and, consequently, the dipole is the only magnetic moment regularly recovered in UXO applications. The dipole moment contains information about intensity of magnetization but lacks information about shape. In contrast, higher-order moments, such as quadrupole and octupole, encode asymmetry properties of the magnetization distribution within the buried targets. In order to improve our understanding of magnetization distribution within UXO and non-UXO objects and its potential utility in UXO clearance, we present a 3D numerical modeling study for highly susceptible metallic objects. The basis for the modeling is the solution of a nonlinear integral equation describing magnetization within isolated objects. A solution for magnetization distribution then allows us to compute magnetic moments of the object, analyze their relationships, and provide a depiction of the surface anomaly produced by different moments within the object. Our modeling results show significant high-order moments for more asymmetric objects situated at depths typical of UXO burial, and suggest that the increased relative contribution to magnetic gradient data from these higher-order moments may provide a practical tool for improved UXO discrimination.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Targets and Backgrounds XII: Characterization and Representation","conferenceDate":"17 April 2006 through 18 April 2006","conferenceLocation":"Kissimmee, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.664959","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819462950; 9780819462954","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, V., Li, Y., Nabighian, M., and Wright, D., 2006, Numerical modeling of magnetic moments for UXO applications, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6239, Kissimmee, FL, 17 April 2006 through 18 April 2006, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.664959.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210234,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.664959"},{"id":237094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6239","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68fae4b0c8380cd73acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, V.","contributorId":107407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nabighian, M.","contributorId":83286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.","contributorId":6158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028185,"text":"70028185 - 2006 - Neural network prediction of carbonate lithofacies from well logs, Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields, Southwest Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028185","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neural network prediction of carbonate lithofacies from well logs, Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields, Southwest Kansas","docAbstract":"In the Hugoton Embayment of southwestern Kansas, St. Louis Limestone reservoirs have relatively low recovery efficiencies, attributed to the heterogeneous nature of the oolitic deposits. This study establishes quantitative relationships between digital well logs and core description data, and applies these relationships in a probabilistic sense to predict lithofacies in 90 uncored wells across the Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields. In 10 wells, a single hidden-layer neural network based on digital well logs and core described lithofacies of the limestone depositional texture was used to train and establish a non-linear relationship between lithofacies assignments from detailed core descriptions and selected log curves. Neural network models were optimized by selecting six predictor variables and automated cross-validation with neural network parameters and then used to predict lithofacies on the whole data set of the 2023 half-foot intervals from the 10 cored wells with the selected network size of 35 and a damping parameter of 0.01. Predicted lithofacies results compared to actual lithofacies displays absolute accuracies of 70.37-90.82%. Incorporating adjoining lithofacies, within-one lithofacies improves accuracy slightly (93.72%). Digital logs from uncored wells were batch processed to predict lithofacies and probabilities related to each lithofacies at half-foot resolution corresponding to log units. The results were used to construct interpolated cross-sections and useful depositional patterns of St. Louis lithofacies were illustrated, e.g., the concentration of oolitic deposits (including lithofacies 5 and 6) along local highs and the relative dominance of quartz-rich carbonate grainstone (lithofacies 1) in the zones A and B of the St. Louis Limestone. Neural network techniques are applicable to other complex reservoirs, in which facies geometry and distribution are the key factors controlling heterogeneity and distribution of rock properties. Future work involves extension of the neural network to predict reservoir properties, and construction of three-dimensional geo-models. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.020","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Qi, L., and Carr, T., 2006, Neural network prediction of carbonate lithofacies from well logs, Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields, Southwest Kansas: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 7, p. 947-964, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.020.","startPage":"947","endPage":"964","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.020"},{"id":236951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64f9e4b0c8380cd72abd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, L.","contributorId":70986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028178,"text":"70028178 - 2006 - Does anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment increase organic nitrogen concentrations in runoff from forested and human-dominated watersheds?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028178","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment increase organic nitrogen concentrations in runoff from forested and human-dominated watersheds?","docAbstract":"Although the effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs on the dynamics of inorganic N in watersheds have been studied extensively, \"the influence of N enrichment on organic N loss\" is not as well understood. We compiled and synthesized data on surface water N concentrations from 348 forested and human-dominated watersheds with a range of N loads (from less than 100 to 7,100 kg N km-2 y-1) to evaluate the effects of N loading via atmospheric deposition, fertilization, and wastewater on dissolved organic N (DON) concentrations. Our results indicate that, on average, DON accounts for half of the total dissolved N (TDN) concentrations from forested watersheds, but it accounts for a smaller fraction of TDN in runoff from urban and agricultural watersheds with higher N loading. A significant but weak correlation (r 2 = 0.06) suggests that N loading has little influence on DON concentrations in forested watersheds. This result contrasts with observations from some plot-scale N fertilization studies and suggests that variability in watershed characteristics and climate among forested watersheds may be a more important control on DON losses than N loading from atmospheric sources. Mean DON concentrations were positively correlated, however, with N load across the entire land-use gradient (r 2 = 0.37, P < 0.01), with the highest concentrations found in agricultural and urban watersheds. We hypothesize that both direct contributions of DON from wastewater and agricultural amendments and indirect transformations of inorganic N to organic N represent important sources of DON to surface waters in human-dominated watersheds. We conclude that DON is an important component of N loss in surface waters draining forested and human-dominated watersheds and suggest several research priorities that may be useful in elucidating the role of N enrichment in watershed DON dynamics. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-006-0076-3","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Kaushal, S., and McDowell, W.H., 2006, Does anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment increase organic nitrogen concentrations in runoff from forested and human-dominated watersheds?: Ecosystems, v. 9, no. 5, p. 852-864, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-0076-3.","startPage":"852","endPage":"864","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-0076-3"},{"id":236843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a038ae4b0c8380cd50515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaushal, S.S.","contributorId":63931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaushal","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}