The Full Equations Model (FEQ) is a computer program that solves the full, dynamic equations of motion for one-dimensional unsteady hydraulic flow in open channels and through control structures. As a result, hydrologists have used FEQ to design and operate flood-control structures, delineate inundation maps, and analyze peak-flow impacts. To aid in fighting floods, hydrologists are using the software to develop a system that uses flood-plain models to simulate real-time streamflow.
Input files for FEQ are composed of text files that contain large amounts of parameters, data, and instructions that are written in a format exclusive to FEQ. Although documentation exists that can aid in the creation and editing of these input files, new users face a steep learning curve in order to understand the specific format and language of the files.
FEQinput provides a set of tools to help a new user overcome the steep learning curve associated with creating and modifying input files for the FEQ hydraulic model and the related utility tool, Full Equations Utilities (FEQUTL).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173072","usgsCitation":"Ancalle, D.S., Ancalle, P.J., and Domanski, M.M., 2017, FEQinput—An editor for the full equations (FEQ) hydraulic modeling system: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017–3072, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173072.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Project Site","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-082519","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3072/fs20173072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"770 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017-3072"},{"id":347345,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/proj/feq/software/feqinput/","text":"Software"},{"id":347140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3072/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Illinois-Iowa Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin Avenue
Urbana, IL 61801
StreamStats version 4, available at https://streamstats.usgs.gov, is a map-based web application that provides an assortment of analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management, and engineering purposes. Developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the primary purpose of StreamStats is to provide estimates of streamflow statistics for user-selected ungaged sites on streams and for USGS streamgages, which are locations where streamflow data are collected.
Streamflow statistics, such as the 1-percent flood, the mean flow, and the 7-day 10-year low flow, are used by engineers, land managers, biologists, and many others to help guide decisions in their everyday work. For example, estimates of the 1-percent flood (which is exceeded, on average, once in 100 years and has a 1-percent chance of exceedance in any year) are used to create flood-plain maps that form the basis for setting insurance rates and land-use zoning. This and other streamflow statistics also are used for dam, bridge, and culvert design; water-supply planning and management; permitting of water withdrawals and wastewater and industrial discharges; hydropower facility design and regulation; and setting of minimum allowed streamflows to protect freshwater ecosystems. Streamflow statistics can be computed from available data at USGS streamgages depending on the type of data collected at the stations. Most often, however, streamflow statistics are needed at ungaged sites, where no streamflow data are available to determine the statistics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173046","usgsCitation":"Ries, K.G., III, Newson J.K., Smith, M.J., Guthrie, J.D., Steeves, P.A., Haluska, T.L., Kolb, K.R., Thompson, R.F., Santoro, R.D., and Vraga, H.W., 2017, StreamStats, version 4: U.S. Geological Survey Fact 2017–3046, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173046. [Supersedes USGS Fact SheetStreamStats Coordinator
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
https://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Use Science Project (NWUSP), part of the USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program (WAUSP), has estimated water use in the United States every 5 years since 1950. This report provides an overview of total population, public-supply use, including the population that is served by public-supply systems and the domestic deliveries to those users, and self-supplied domestic water use in the United States for 2015, continuing the task of estimating water use in the United States every 5 years. In this report, estimates for the United States include the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (hereafter referred to as “states” for brevity).
County-level data for total population, public-supply withdrawals and the population served by public-supply systems, and domestic withdrawals for 2015 were published in a data release in an effort to provide data to the public in a timely manner. Data in the current version (1.0) of Dieter and others (2017) contains county-level total withdrawals from groundwater and surface-water sources (both fresh and saline) for public-water supply, the deliveries from those suppliers to domestic users, and the quantities of water from groundwater and surface-water sources for self-supplied domestic users, and total population. Methods used to estimate the various data elements for the public-supply and domestic use categories at the county level are described by Bradley (2017).
This Open-File Report is an interim report summarizing the data published in Dieter and others (2017) at the state and national level. This report includes discussions on the total population, totals for public-supply withdrawals and population served, total domestic withdrawals, and provides comparisons of the 2015 estimates to 2010 estimates (Maupin and others, 2014). Total domestic water use, as described in this report, represents the summation of deliveries from public-water supply to domestic users plus self-supplied domestic withdrawals.
Values for 2010 are the best available data for 2010 from the USGS Aggregate Water-Use Data System (AWUDS). The 2010 values presented in this report may have been revised from 2010 values published in Maupin and others (2014), and therefore values for 2010 in this report may not exactly match values in Maupin and others (2014).
Withdrawal and population values in this report are rounded to three significant figures. All values are rounded independently, so the sums of individually rounded numbers may not equal the totals. Percent change is calculated on unrounded data and is expressed as an integer. Differences between 2010 and 2015 values are calculated on unrounded data, then the differences are rounded.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171131","usgsCitation":"Dieter, C.A., and Maupin, M.A., 2017, Public supply and domestic water use in the United States, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File ReportDirector, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
Water temperature is an important factor determining estuarine species habitat conditions. Water temperature is mainly governed by advection (e.g., from rivers) and atmospheric exchange processes varying strongly over time (day-night, seasonally) and the spatial domain. On a long time scale, climate change will impact water temperature in estuarine systems due to changes in river flow regimes, air temperature, and sea level rise. To determine which factors govern estuarine water temperature and its sensitivity to changes in its forcing, we developed a process-based numerical model (Delft3D Flexible Mesh) and applied it to a well-monitored estuarine system (the San Francisco Estuary) for validation. The process-based approach allows for detailed process description and a physics-based analysis of governing processes. The model was calibrated for water year 2011 and incorporated 3-D hydrodynamics, salinity intrusion, water temperature dynamics, and atmospheric coupling. Results show significant skill in reproducing temperature observations on daily, seasonal, and yearly time scales. In North San Francisco Bay, thermal stratification is present, enhanced by salinity stratification. The temperature of the upstream, fresh water Delta area is captured well in 2-D mode, although locally—on a small scale—vertical processes (e.g., stratification) may be important. The impact of upstream river temperature and discharge and atmospheric forcing on water temperatures differs throughout the Delta, possibly depending on dispersion and residence times. Our modeling effort provides a sound basis for future modeling studies including climate change impact on water temperature and associated ecological modeling, e.g., clam and fish habitat and phytoplankton dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016WR020062","usgsCitation":"Vroom, J., Van der Wegen, M., Martyr-Koller, R.C., and Lucas, L., 2017, What determines water temperature dynamics in the San Francisco Bay-Delta system?: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 11, p. 9901-9921, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020062.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"9901","endPage":"9921","ipdsId":"IP-081741","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr020062","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -121.67907714843751,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -121.67907714843751,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 37.23470197166817\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroom, Julia 0000-0001-5354-8780","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-8780","contributorId":260502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vroom","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36257,"text":"Deltares","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van der Wegen, Mick","contributorId":191095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van der Wegen","given":"Mick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martyr-Koller, Rosanne C. 0000-0002-0506-667X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-667X","contributorId":260505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martyr-Koller","given":"Rosanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucas, Lisa 0000-0001-7797-5517 llucas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-5517","contributorId":260498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"llucas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192602,"text":"70192602 - 2017 - Evidence for a climate-induced ecohydrological state shift in wetland ecosystems of the southern Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T13:22:52","indexId":"70192602","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a climate-induced ecohydrological state shift in wetland ecosystems of the southern Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"Changing magnitude, frequency, and timing of precipitation can influence aquatic-system hydrological, geochemical, and biological processes, in some cases resulting in system-wide shifts to an alternate state. Since the early 1990s, the southern Prairie Pothole Region has been subjected to an extended period of increased wetness resulting in marked changes to aquatic systems defining this region. We explored numerous lines of evidence to identify: (1) how the recent wet period compared to historical variability, (2) hydrological, geochemical, and biological responses, and (3) how these responses might represent a state shift in the region’s wetland ecosystems. We analyzed long-term climate records and compared how different hydrological variables responded in this wet period compared to decades before the observed shift. Additionally, we used multi-decadal records of waterfowl population and subsurface tile drain records to explore wildlife and human responses to a shifting climate. Since 1993, a novel precipitation regime corresponded with increased pond numbers, ponded-water depths, lake levels, stream flows, groundwater heights, soil-moisture, waterfowl populations, and installation of subsurface tile drains in agricultural fields. These observed changes reflect an alteration in water storage and movement across the landscape that in turn has altered solute sources and concentrations of prairie-pothole wetlands and has increased pond permanence. Combined, these changes represent significant evidence for a state shift in the ecohydrological functioning of the region’s wetland ecosystems, a shift that may require a significant refinement of the previously developed “wetland continuum” concept.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-017-2097-7","usgsCitation":"McKenna, O.P., Mushet, D.M., Rosenberry, D.O., and LaBaugh, J.W., 2017, Evidence for a climate-induced ecohydrological state shift in wetland ecosystems of the southern Prairie Pothole Region: Climatic Change, v. 145, no. 3-4, p. 273-287, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2097-7.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"287","ipdsId":"IP-085972","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-017-2097-7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.35986328125,\n 45.93969078234\n ],\n [\n -96.5643310546875,\n 45.93969078234\n ],\n [\n -96.5643310546875,\n 48.99824008113872\n ],\n [\n -101.35986328125,\n 48.99824008113872\n ],\n [\n -101.35986328125,\n 45.93969078234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a2fe4b063d5d309809d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, Owen P. 0000-0002-5937-9436 omckenna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-9436","contributorId":198598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Owen","email":"omckenna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192766,"text":"70192766 - 2017 - Examining the value of global seasonal reference evapotranspiration forecasts to support FEWS NET’s food insecurity outlooks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:09:57","indexId":"70192766","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5202,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology","onlineIssn":"1558-8432","printIssn":"1558-8424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining the value of global seasonal reference evapotranspiration forecasts to support FEWS NET’s food insecurity outlooks","docAbstract":"The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) team provides food insecurity outlooks for several developing countries in Africa, Central Asia, and Central America. This study describes development of a new global reference evapotranspiration (ETo) seasonal reforecast and skill evaluation with a particular emphasis on the potential use of this dataset by the FEWS NET to support food insecurity early warning. The ETo reforecasts span the 1982-2009 period and are calculated following ASCE’s formulation of Penman-Monteith method driven by seasonal climate forecasts of monthly mean temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation from NCEP’s CFSv2 and NASA’s GEOS-5 models. The skill evaluation using deterministic and probabilistic scores, focuses on the December-February (DJF), March-May (MAM), June-August (JJA) and September-November (SON) seasons. The results indicate that ETo forecasts are a promising tool for early warning of drought and food insecurity. Globally, the regions where forecasts are most skillful (correlation >0.35 at lead-2) include Western U.S., northern parts of South America, parts of Sahel region and Southern Africa. The FEWS NET regions where forecasts are most skillful (correlation >0.35 at lead-3) include Northern Sub-Saharan Africa (DJF, dry season), Central America (DJF, dry season), parts of East Africa (JJA, wet Season), Southern Africa (JJA, dry season), and Central Asia (MAM, wet season). A case study over parts of East Africa for the JJA season shows that ETo forecasts in combination with the precipitation forecasts could have provided early warning of recent severe drought events (e.g., 2002, 2004, 2009) that contributed to substantial food insecurity in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/jamc-d-17-0104.1","usgsCitation":"Shukla, S., McEvoy, D., Hobbins, M., Husak, G., Huntington, J., Funk, C., Macharia, D., and Verdin, J.P., 2017, Examining the value of global seasonal reference evapotranspiration forecasts to support FEWS NET’s food insecurity outlooks: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, v. 56, p. 2941-2949, https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0104.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2941","endPage":"2949","ipdsId":"IP-090049","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0104.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a2ee4b063d5d3098096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16255,"text":"Climate Hazards Group University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEvoy, Daniel 0000-0003-3800-718X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-718X","contributorId":198696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEvoy","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobbins, Michael","contributorId":127605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbins","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7075,"text":"National Integrated Drought Information System, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Husak, Gregory","contributorId":145811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huntington, Justin 0000-0002-2699-0108","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-0108","contributorId":178785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntington","given":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Macharia, Denis","contributorId":195985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macharia","given":"Denis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70192947,"text":"70192947 - 2017 - Relative performance of three stream bed stability indices as indicators of stream health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T13:59:28","indexId":"70192947","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative performance of three stream bed stability indices as indicators of stream health","docAbstract":"Bed stability is an important stream habitat attribute because it affects geomorphology and biotic communities. Natural resource managers desire indices of bed stability that can be used under a wide range of geomorphic conditions, are biologically meaningful, and are easily incorporated into sampling protocols. To eliminate potential bias due to presence of instream wood and increase precision of stability values, we modified a stream bed instability index (ISI) to include measurements of bankfull depth (dbf) and median particle diameter (D50) only in riffles and increased the pebble count to decrease variability (i.e., increase precision) in D50.The new riffle-based instability index (RISI) was compared to two established indices: ISI and the riffle stability index (RSI). RISI and ISI were strongly associated with each other but neither was closely associated with RSI. RISI and ISI were closely associated with both a diatom- and two macrovertebrate-based stream health indices, but RSI was only weakly associated with the macroinvertebrate indices. Unexpectedly, precision of D50 did not differ between RISI and ISI. Results suggest that RISI is a viable alternative to both ISI and RSI for evaluating bed stability in multiple stream types. With few data requirements and a simple protocol, RISI may also better conform to riffle-based sampling methods used by some water quality practitioners.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-017-6291-x","usgsCitation":"Kusnierz, P., and Holbrook, C., 2017, Relative performance of three stream bed stability indices as indicators of stream health: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 189, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6291-x.","productDescription":"Article 563; 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-090619","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -110.61035156249999,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -110.61035156249999,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 44.4808302785626\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"189","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a2ce4b063d5d3098085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kusnierz, Paul C","contributorId":198849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kusnierz","given":"Paul C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":139681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193051,"text":"ofr20171135 - 2017 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-24T21:14:41.275526","indexId":"ofr20171135","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1135","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2016","docAbstract":"Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in south San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January 2014 to December 2016. These append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974. A major focus of the report is an integrated description of the 2016 data within the context of the longer, multi-decadal dataset. This dataset supports the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
Significant reductions in silver and copper concentrations in sediment and M. petalum occurred at the site in the 1980s following the implementation by PARWQCP of advanced wastewater treatment and source control measures. Since the 1990s, concentrations of these elements appear to have stabilized at concentrations somewhat above (silver) or near (copper) regional background concentrations Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2016, concentrations of silver and copper in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. This record suggests that legacy contamination and regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of silver and copper, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.
Analyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in south San Francisco Bay over a 40-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2016), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The entire infaunal community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and showed signs of increasing abundance in 2016. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2016. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. However, within two months of this event animals returned to the mudflat. The resilience of the community suggested that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2016 is reflective of species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2016 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. USGS scientists view the 2008 disturbance event as a response by the infaunal community to an episodic natural stressor (possibly sediment accretion or a pulse of freshwater), in contrast to the long-term recovery from metal contamination. We will compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed after the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Pearson, S., Stewart, R., Turner, M., Barasch, D., and Luoma, S.N., 2017, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1135, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171135.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088104","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416202,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1017","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2020"},{"id":416201,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211079","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1079","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2019"},{"id":416200,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191084","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1084","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2018"},{"id":416199,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181107","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1107","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2017"},{"id":416198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161118","text":"Open-File Report 2016-1118","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2015"},{"id":347750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1135/coverthb_.jpg"},{"id":347751,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1135/ofr.20171135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1135"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palo Alto","otherGeospatial":"south San Francisco bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.16590881347656,\n 37.398528132728615\n ],\n [\n -121.91184997558595,\n 37.398528132728615\n ],\n [\n -121.91184997558595,\n 37.54566616715801\n ],\n [\n -122.16590881347656,\n 37.54566616715801\n ],\n [\n -122.16590881347656,\n 37.398528132728615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff
National Research Program
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS-435
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Deciding where to reproduce is a major challenge for most animals. Many select habitats based upon cues of successful reproduction by conspecifics, such as the presence of offspring from past reproductive events. For example, some fishes select spawning habitat following odors released by juveniles whose rearing habitat overlaps with spawning habitat. However, juveniles may emigrate before adults begin to search for spawning habitat; hence, the efficacy of juvenile cues could be constrained by degradation or dissipation rates. In lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), odors deposited by the previous year's offspring have been hypothesized to guide adults to spawning reefs. However, in most extant populations, lake trout fry emigrate from spawning reefs during the spring and adults spawn during the fall. Therefore, we postulated that the role of fry odors in guiding habitat selection might be constrained by the time between fry emigration and adult spawning. Time course chemical, physiological, and behavioral assays indicated that the odors deposited by fry likely degrade or dissipate before adults select spawning habitats. Furthermore, fry feces did not attract wild lake trout to constructed spawning reefs in Lake Huron. Taken together, our results indicate fry odors are unlikely to act as cues for lake trout searching for spawning reefs in populations whose juveniles emigrate before the spawning season, and underscore the importance of environmental constraints on social cues.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3546","usgsCitation":"Buchinger, T.J., Marsden, J., Binder, T., Huertas, M., Bussy, U., Li, K., Hanson, J.E., Krueger, C., Li, W., and Johnson, N., 2017, Temporal constraints on the potential role of fry odors as cues of past reproductive success for spawning lake trout: Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 23, p. 10196-10206, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3546.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"10196","endPage":"10206","ipdsId":"IP-090261","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3546","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a2be4b063d5d3098080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J.","contributorId":40508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsden, J. Ellen","contributorId":190724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsden","given":"J. Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Binder, Thomas R.","contributorId":21093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binder","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huertas, Mar","contributorId":177189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huertas","given":"Mar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bussy, Ugo","contributorId":150993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bussy","given":"Ugo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Ke","contributorId":172267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Ke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanson, James E.","contributorId":198866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":67821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":126748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70192830,"text":"70192830 - 2017 - Was the Mw 7.5 1952 Kern County, California, earthquake induced (or triggered)?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T16:13:55","indexId":"70192830","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2453,"text":"Journal of Seismology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Was the Mw 7.5 1952 Kern County, California, earthquake induced (or triggered)?","docAbstract":"Several recent studies have presented evidence that significant induced earthquakes occurred in a number of oil-producing regions during the early and mid-twentieth century related to either production or wastewater injection. We consider whether the 21 July 1952 Mw 7.5 Kern County earthquake might have been induced by production in the Wheeler Ridge oil field. The mainshock, which was not preceded by any significant foreshocks, occurred 98 days after the initial production of oil in Eocene strata at depths reaching 3 km, within ~1 km of the White Wolf fault (WWF). Based on this spatial and temporal proximity, we explore a potential causal relationship between the earthquake and oil production. While production would have normally be expected to have reduced pore pressure, inhibiting failure on the WWF, we present an analytical model based on industry stratigraphic data and best estimates of parameters whereby an impermeable splay fault adjacent to the main WWF could plausibly have blocked direct pore pressure effects, allowing the poroelastic stress change associated with production to destabilize the WWF, promoting initial failure. This proof-of-concept model can also account for the 98-day delay between the onset of production and the earthquake. While the earthquake clearly released stored tectonic stress, any initial perturbation on or near a major fault system can trigger a larger rupture. Our proposed mechanism provides an explanation for why significant earthquakes are not commonly induced by production in proximity to major faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10950-017-9685-x","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., Tsai, V., Walker, R., and Aminzadeh, F., 2017, Was the Mw 7.5 1952 Kern County, California, earthquake induced (or triggered)?: Journal of Seismology, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1613-1621, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-017-9685-x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1613","endPage":"1621","ipdsId":"IP-081014","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-017-9685-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.1667,\n 34.8333\n ],\n [\n -118.3333,\n 34.8333\n ],\n [\n -118.3333,\n 35.3333\n ],\n [\n -119.1667,\n 35.3333\n ],\n [\n -119.1667,\n 34.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a2de4b063d5d309808e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, Victor C. 0000-0003-1809-6672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-6672","contributorId":87675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"Victor C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, Robert","contributorId":198764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aminzadeh, Fred","contributorId":198765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aminzadeh","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193083,"text":"70193083 - 2017 - Probing magma reservoirs to improve volcano forecasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-10T19:43:00","indexId":"70193083","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probing magma reservoirs to improve volcano forecasts","docAbstract":"When it comes to forecasting eruptions, volcano observatories rely mostly on real-time signals from earthquakes, ground deformation, and gas discharge, combined with probabilistic assessments based on past behavior [Sparks and Cashman, 2017]. There is comparatively less reliance on geophysical and petrological understanding of subsurface magma reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2017EO085189","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Sisson, T.W., and Hurwitz, S., 2017, Probing magma reservoirs to improve volcano forecasts: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 98, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017EO085189.","ipdsId":"IP-083875","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017eo085189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a2ae4b063d5d3098074","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190185,"text":"cir1434 - 2017 - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center—Celebrating 50 years of science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T11:40:13","indexId":"cir1434","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1434","title":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center—Celebrating 50 years of science","docAbstract":"The Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center (NPWRC) celebrated its 50-year anniversary in 2015. This report is written in support of that observance. We document why and how the NPWRC came to be and describe some of its many accomplishments and the influence the Center’s research program has had on natural resource management. The history is organized by major research themes, proceeds somewhat chronologically within each theme, and covers the Center’s first 50 years of research. During that period, Center scientists authored more than 1,700 publications and reports. More than 1,000 seasonal or temporary field personnel, and more than 100 graduate students, contributed to the Center’s success; many went on to have exemplary careers in natural resource management, conservation, and education. The mission of the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center today remains true to the original vision: to provide the knowledge needed to understand, conserve, and manage the Nation’s natural resources for current and future generations, with an emphasis on species and ecosystems of the northern Great Plains. The Center’s first 50 years of applied biological research provides a deep scientific foundation on which to address emerging issues for the natural resources in the northern Great Plains and beyond.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1434","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., Shaffer, T.L., Igl, L.D., Johnson, D.H., Krapu, G.L., Larson, D.L., Mech, L.D., Mushet, D.M., and Sovada, M.A., 2017, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center—Celebrating 50 years of science: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1434, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1434.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075752","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347198,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1434/cir1434.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1434"},{"id":347217,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QZ28ZD","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Research Center publications and reports––1960–2015"},{"id":347197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1434/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, North Dakota 58401
Proposed oil and gas leasing in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska has raised questions about possible impacts of development on molting Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) and their habitats. We used GPS transmitters to record fine-scale location data of molting and post-molt White-fronted Geese to assess patterns of movement and resource selection relative to vegetation class, year (2012, 2013), and body mass at capture. Molting White-fronted Geese were located an average of 63.3 ± 4.9 m (SE) from lakeshores. Estimated terrestrial home range size for flightless birds differed between years (2012 = 13.2 ± 2.6 km2; 2013 = 6.5 ± 1.8 km2), but did not vary among habitat strata or with body mass. Molting White-fronted Geese used sedge (Carex aquatilus) dominated low centered polygons and water more frequently than expected given proportional habitat availability, but avoided tussock tundra and wet sedge vegetation classes. Upon regaining flight, individuals tended to remain in the same general area, and the center of their home range only moved an average of 6.9 km. Greater White-fronted Geese that could fly tended to forage further from lakeshores ( = 245 m), and used a larger home range ( = 44.3 ± 9.5 km2) than when flightless.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.040.0308","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Meixell, B.W., 2017, Movements and habitat use of White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) during the remigial molt in arctic Alaska, USA: Waterbirds, v. 40, no. 3, p. 272-281, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.040.0308.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"281","ipdsId":"IP-085017","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.040.0308","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PR7TG8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) Habitat Use Data, Teshekpuk Lake Special Area, 2012-2013"},{"id":347594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.22607421875,\n 70.50657489320895\n ],\n [\n -151.50146484375,\n 70.50657489320895\n ],\n [\n -151.50146484375,\n 70.98655968762381\n ],\n [\n -154.22607421875,\n 70.98655968762381\n ],\n [\n -154.22607421875,\n 70.50657489320895\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f44595e4b063d5d306f2ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191544,"text":"ofr20171119 - 2017 - Methods for converting continuous shrubland ecosystem component values to thematic National Land Cover Database classes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T15:42:15","indexId":"ofr20171119","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1119","title":"Methods for converting continuous shrubland ecosystem component values to thematic National Land Cover Database classes","docAbstract":"The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) provides thematic land cover and land cover change data at 30-meter spatial resolution for the United States. Although the NLCD is considered to be the leading thematic land cover/land use product and overall classification accuracy across the NLCD is high, performance and consistency in the vast shrub and grasslands of the Western United States is lower than desired. To address these issues and fulfill the needs of stakeholders requiring more accurate rangeland data, the USGS has developed a method to quantify these areas in terms of the continuous cover of several cover components. These components include the cover of shrub, sagebrush (Artemisia spp), big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp.), herbaceous, annual herbaceous, litter, and bare ground, and shrub and sagebrush height. To produce maps of component cover, we collected field data that were then associated with spectral values in WorldView-2 and Landsat imagery using regression tree models. The current report outlines the procedures and results of converting these continuous cover components to three thematic NLCD classes: barren, shrubland, and grassland. To accomplish this, we developed a series of indices and conditional models using continuous cover of shrub, bare ground, herbaceous, and litter as inputs. The continuous cover data are currently available for two large regions in the Western United States. Accuracy of the “cross-walked” product was assessed relative to that of NLCD 2011 at independent validation points (n=787) across these two regions. Overall thematic accuracy of the “cross-walked” product was 0.70, compared to 0.63 for NLCD 2011. The kappa value was considerably higher for the “cross-walked” product at 0.41 compared to 0.28 for NLCD 2011. Accuracy was also evaluated relative to the values of training points (n=75,000) used in the development of the continuous cover components. Again, the “cross-walked” product outperformed NLCD 2011, with an overall accuracy of 0.81, compared to 0.66 for NLCD 2011. These results demonstrated that our continuous cover predictions and models were successful in increasing thematic classification accuracy in Western United States shrublands. We plan to directly use the “cross-walked” product, where available, in the NLCD 2016 product.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171119","usgsCitation":"Rigge, M.B., Gass, Leila, Homer, C.G., and Xian, G.Z., 2017, Methods for converting continuous shrubland ecosystem component values to thematic National Land Cover Database classes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1119, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171119.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-089077","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1119/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":347405,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1119/ofr20171119.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1119"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Many mammals create food stores to enhance overwinter survival in seasonal environments. Strategic arrangement of food within caches may facilitate the physical integrity of the cache or improve access to high-quality food to ensure that cached resources meet future nutritional demands. We used the American pika (Ochotona princeps), a food-caching lagomorph, to evaluate variation in haypile (cache) structure (i.e., horizontal layering by plant functional group) in Wyoming, United States. Fifty-five percent of 62 haypiles contained at least 2 discrete layers of vegetation. Adults and juveniles layered haypiles in similar proportions. The probability of layering increased with haypile volume, but not haypile number per individual or nearby forage diversity. Vegetation cached in layered haypiles was also higher in nitrogen compared to vegetation in unlayered piles. We found that American pikas frequently structured their food caches, structured caches were larger, and the cached vegetation in structured piles was of higher nutritional quality. Improving access to stable, high-quality vegetation in haypiles, a critical overwinter food resource, may allow individuals to better persist amidst harsh conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyx124","usgsCitation":"Jakopak, R.P., Hall, L., and Chalfoun, A.D., 2017, Organizing the pantry: cache management improves quality of overwinter food stores in a montane mammal: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1674-1681, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyx124.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1674","endPage":"1681","ipdsId":"IP-084993","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyx124","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e85be4b09af898c8cb5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jakopak, Rhiannon P.","contributorId":198567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakopak","given":"Rhiannon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, L. Embere","contributorId":194654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"L. Embere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D. 0000-0002-0219-6006 achalfoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-6006","contributorId":197589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","email":"achalfoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191270,"text":"sir20175112 - 2017 - Hydrogeology and water quality of sand and gravel aquifers in McHenry County, Illinois, 2009–14, and comparison to conditions in 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T15:55:08.73","indexId":"sir20175112","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5112","displayTitle":"Hydrogeology and Water Quality of Sand and Gravel Aquifers in McHenry County, Illinois, 2009–14, and Comparison to Conditions in 1979","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of sand and gravel aquifers in McHenry County, Illinois, 2009–14, and comparison to conditions in 1979","docAbstract":"Baseline conditions for the sand and gravel aquifers (groundwater) in McHenry County, Illinois, were assessed using data from a countywide network of 44 monitoring wells collecting continuous water-level data from 2009–14. In 2010, water-quality data were collected from 41 of the monitoring wells, along with five additional monitoring wells available from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. Periodic water-quality data were collected from 2010–14 from selected monitoring wells. The continuous water-level data were used to identify the natural and anthropogenic factors that influenced the water levels at each well. The water-level responses to natural influences such as precipitation, seasonal and annual variations, barometric pressure, and geology, and to anthropogenic influences such as pumping were used to determine (1) likely hydrogeologic setting (degree of aquifer confinement and interconnections) that, in part, are related to lithostratigraphy; and (2) areas of recharge and discharge related to vertical flow directions. Water-level trends generally were determined from the 6 years of data collection (2009–14) to infer effects of weather variability (drought) on recharge.
Precipitation adds an estimated 2.4 inches per year of recharge to the aquifer. Some of this recharge is subsequently discharged to streams and some is discharged to supply wells. A few areas in the eastern half of the county had higher average recharge rates, indicating a need for adequate protection of these recharge areas. Downward vertical flow gradients in upland areas indicate that recharge to the confined aquifer units occurs near upland areas. Upward vertical flow gradients in lowland areas indicate discharge at locations of surface water and groundwater interaction (wetlands, ponds, and streams).
Monitoring wells were sampled for major and minor ions, metals, and nutrients and a subset of wells was sampled for trace elements, dissolved gases, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. The results were compared to health‑based and aesthetically based standards, which include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (EPA MCL), and EPA Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCL), as well as EPA Health-based Standards Drinking Water Advisories. Health‑based standards were exceeded for arsenic in 22 percent, sodium in 20 percent, and nitrates in 2 percent of the monitoring wells sampled. Aesthetically based standards were exceeded for total dissolved solids in 33 percent, chloride in 11 percent, iron in 85 percent, and manganese in 30 percent of the wells sampled. Many of these same constituents, such as arsenic, iron, and manganese, are naturally occurring but become elevated in areas that have anoxic, mixed, and suboxic conditions. Some areas of potential vulnerability to anthropogenic-sourced constituents in the sand and gravel aquifers were evidenced by trace amounts of volatile organic compounds and pesticides detected in water-quality samples from shallow wells (total depth less of than 46 feet below land surface) near urban settings, and by the detection of elevated major ions (chloride, sodium, magnesium, and calcium) associated, in part, with road-salt applications. Source analysis for chloride indicates mixtures of road salt, water softeners, and sewage.
Continuously measured specific conductance values were used as a surrogate for continuously measured chloride concentrations in the groundwater. The estimated chloride concentrations generally were highest in spring and lowest in summer, and occasionally peak during spring melt. Overall, the range of concentrations varied depending on the local thickness and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer.
Water levels and water quality from the countywide groundwater monitoring network were compared to water levels and water-quality results in 1979 from a previous U.S. Geological Survey study. Potentiometric surface maps show areas with inferred decreases of water levels near the southern and southeastern areas of McHenry County. Significant increases were noted for total dissolved solids and specific conductance. Chloride concentrations increased as much as 521 percent in three of six wells resampled in 2015 from the previous study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with McHenry County, Illinois","usgsCitation":"Gahala, A.M., 2017, Hydrogeology and water quality of sand and gravel aquifers in McHenry County, Illinois, 2009–14, and comparison to conditions in 1979 (ver. 1.1, August 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5112, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175112.","productDescription":"ix, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067438","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404906,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5112/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.36 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":404904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5112/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":347422,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5112/sir20175112.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5112"},{"id":501947,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_106395.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"McHenry County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.3016,42.4979],[-88.1971,42.4981],[-88.1979,42.4562],[-88.1974,42.4167],[-88.1966,42.3286],[-88.1994,42.2432],[-88.1992,42.1555],[-88.2382,42.155],[-88.3539,42.1547],[-88.4703,42.1552],[-88.5891,42.1556],[-88.7061,42.1564],[-88.7057,42.2418],[-88.7041,42.329],[-88.705,42.4167],[-88.7059,42.4972],[-88.6737,42.4977],[-88.6288,42.4985],[-88.5047,42.4981],[-88.4099,42.4977],[-88.3016,42.4979]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"McHenry\",\"state\":\"IL\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: October 26, 2017; Version 1.1: August 17, 2022","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
European mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon), the world's smallest wild sheep, have proliferated and degraded fragile native ecosystems in the Hawaiian Islands through browsing, bark stripping, and trampling, including native forests within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO). HAVO resource managers initiated ungulate control efforts in the 469 km2 Kahuku Unit after it was acquired in 2003. We tracked control effort and used aerial surveys in a 64.7 km2 area from 2004 to 2017 and more intensive ground surveys and camera-trap monitoring to detect the last remaining animals within a 25.9 km2 subunit after it was enclosed by fence in 2012. Aerial shooting yielded the most removals per unit effort (3.2 animals/ hour), resulting in 261 animals. However, ground-based methods yielded 4,607 removals overall, 3,038 of which resulted from assistance of volunteers. Ground shooting with dogs, intensive aerial shooting, ground sweeps, and forward-looking infrared (FLIR)-assisted shooting were necessary to find and remove the last remaining mouflon. The Judas technique, baiting, and trapping were not successful in attracting or detecting small numbers of remaining individuals. Effort expended to remove each mouflon increased nearly 15-fold during the last 3 yr of eradication effort from 2013 to 2016. Complementary active and passive monitoring techniques allowed us to track the effectiveness of control effort and reveal locations of small groups to staff. The effort and variety of methods required to eradicate mouflon from an enclosed unit of moderate size illustrates the difficulty of scaling up to entire populations of wild ungulates from unenclosed areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i Press","doi":"10.2984/71.4.3","usgsCitation":"Judge, S., Hess, S.C., Faford, J., Pacheco, D., and Leopold, C., 2017, Monitoring eradication of European mouflon sheep from the Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park: Pacific Science, v. 71, no. 4, p. 425-436, https://doi.org/10.2984/71.4.3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"436","ipdsId":"IP-080122","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2984/71.4.3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.7524871826172,\n 19.062117883514652\n ],\n [\n -155.65635681152344,\n 19.062117883514652\n ],\n [\n -155.65635681152344,\n 19.17954399635705\n ],\n [\n -155.7524871826172,\n 19.17954399635705\n ],\n [\n -155.7524871826172,\n 19.062117883514652\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a3e4b0220bbd9d9f29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judge, Seth 0000-0003-3832-3246","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3832-3246","contributorId":189965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judge","given":"Seth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Steven C. 0000-0001-6403-9922 shess@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-9922","contributorId":3156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steven","email":"shess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faford, Jonathan K.","contributorId":177221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faford","given":"Jonathan K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pacheco, Dexter","contributorId":156310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacheco","given":"Dexter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leopold, Christina 0000-0003-0499-3196","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-3196","contributorId":178961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leopold","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192328,"text":"70192328 - 2017 - Extinguishing a learned response in a free-ranging gray wolf (Canis lupus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T10:17:13","indexId":"70192328","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Extinguishing a learned response in a free-ranging gray wolf (Canis lupus)","title":"Extinguishing a learned response in a free-ranging gray wolf (Canis lupus)","docAbstract":"A free-ranging Gray Wolf (Canis lupus), habituated to human presence (the author) on Ellesmere Island, Canada, learned to anticipate experimental feeding by a human, became impatient, persistent, and bold and exhibited stalking behaviour toward the food source. Only after the author offered the wolf about 90 clumps of dry soil over a period of 45 minutes in three bouts, did the wolf give up this behaviour. To my knowledge, this is the first example of extinguishing a learned response in a free-ranging wolf and provides new insight into the learning behaviour of such animals.","language":"English","publisher":"PKP Publishing Services Network","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v131i1.1951","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 2017, Extinguishing a learned response in a free-ranging gray wolf (Canis lupus): Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 131, p. 23-25, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v131i1.1951.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-074273","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v131i1.1951","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Ellesmere Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.625,\n 81.4139332828511\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 80.74649232587339\n ],\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 79.88973717174642\n ],\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 79.18783445964633\n ],\n [\n -94.130859375,\n 78.54304353589549\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 78.116407975139\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 78.04379507197984\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 77.65534600967777\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 77.2544787022853\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 76.9999351181161\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 76.55774293896555\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 76.24781659441473\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 75.95223506623554\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 76.33114246585924\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 78.00732483005181\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 78.81903553711727\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 79.68718415450823\n ],\n [\n -68.90625,\n 80.43033003417169\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 81.0111942860847\n ],\n [\n -62.40234375,\n 81.63414891575125\n ],\n [\n -60.55664062499999,\n 82.2379940231732\n ],\n [\n -63.984375,\n 83.05815960186747\n ],\n [\n -70.57617187499999,\n 83.43027839553869\n ],\n [\n -76.640625,\n 83.38993252534493\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 82.95112060573366\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 81.89845141173647\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 81.4139332828511\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"131","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a29fe4b0220bbd9d9efe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70191853,"text":"70191853 - 2017 - Selective transport of palynomorphs in marine turbiditic deposits: An example from the Ascension-Monterey Canyon system offshore central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-27T16:52:31","indexId":"70191853","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective transport of palynomorphs in marine turbiditic deposits: An example from the Ascension-Monterey Canyon system offshore central California","docAbstract":"The pollen assemblage of a deep-sea core (15G) collected at lower bathyal depths (3491 m) on a levee of Monterey Canyon off central California was investigated to gain insights into the delivery processes of terrigenous material to submarine fans and the effect this transport has on the palynological record. Thirty-two samples were obtained down the length of the core, 19 from hemipelagic and mixed mud deposits considered to be the background record, and 13 others from displaced flow deposits. The pollen record obtained from the background samples documents variations in the terrestrial flora as it adapted to changing climatic conditions over the last 19,000 cal yrs BP. A Q-mode cluster analysis defined three pollen zones: a Glacial Pollen Zone (ca. 20,000–17,000 cal yr BP), an overlying Transitional Pollen Zone (ca. 17,000–11,500 cal yr BP), and an Interglacial Pollen Zone (ca. 11,500 cal yr BP to present). Another Q-mode cluster analysis, of both the background mud and flow deposits, also defined these three pollen zones, but four of the 13 turbiditic deposits were assigned to pollen zones older than expected by their stratigraphic position. This was due to these samples containing statistically significant fewer palynomorphs than the background muds as well as being enriched (∼10–35% in some cases) in hydraulically-efficient Pinus pollen. A selective bias in the pollen assemblage, such as demonstrated here, may result in incorrect interpretations (e.g., climatic shifts or environmental perturbations) based on the floral record, indicating turbiditic deposits should be avoided in marine palynological studies. Particularly in the case of fine-grained flow deposits that may not be visually distinct, granulometry and grain size frequency distribution curves may not be enough to identify these biased deposits. Determining the relative abundance and source of displaced shallow-water benthic foraminifera entrained in these sediments serves as an excellent additional tool to do so.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.003","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2017, Selective transport of palynomorphs in marine turbiditic deposits: An example from the Ascension-Monterey Canyon system offshore central California: Quaternary International, v. 469, no. B, p. 120-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.003.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"140","ipdsId":"IP-074347","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1NW7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Grain-size data from core S3-15G, Monterey Fan, Central California"},{"id":347355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.6676025390625,\n 36.029110596631874\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 36.029110596631874\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -123.6676025390625,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -123.6676025390625,\n 36.029110596631874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"469","issue":"B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a2e4b0220bbd9d9f25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":169540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70191914,"text":"70191914 - 2017 - Biostratigraphic and morphometric analyses of specimens from the calcareous nannofossil genus Tribrachiatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T15:24:35","indexId":"70191914","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2395,"text":"Journal of Nannoplankton Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biostratigraphic and morphometric analyses of specimens from the calcareous nannofossil genus Tribrachiatus","docAbstract":"Biostratigraphic and morphometric analyses of calcareous nannofossil assemblages from one outcrop and two cored sections of lower Eocene sediments reveal the presence of two new species: Tribrachiatus lunatus sp. nov., and Tribrachiatus absidatus sp. nov. Differences between the new species and Tribrachiatus orthostylus are discussed. The first occurrence of the two new species is just below the calcareous nannofossil Zone NP11/NP12 boundary, close to the Chron 24r/23n boundary, and thus they are globally useful biostratigraphic markers.","language":"English","publisher":"Sheridan Press","usgsCitation":"Self-Trail, J., Seefelt, E., Shepherd, C.L., and Martin, V.A., 2017, Biostratigraphic and morphometric analyses of specimens from the calcareous nannofossil genus Tribrachiatus: Journal of Nannoplankton Research, v. 37, no. 2-3, p. 177-188.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-079402","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346904,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ina.tmsoc.org/JNR/JNRcontents.htm"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2-3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a1e4b0220bbd9d9f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seefelt, Ellen 0000-0001-6822-7402 eseefelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-7402","contributorId":2953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seefelt","given":"Ellen","email":"eseefelt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shepherd, Claire L.","contributorId":197526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepherd","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Victoria A.","contributorId":197527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191723,"text":"70191723 - 2017 - Shallow microearthquakes near Chongqing, China triggered by the Rayleigh waves of the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T11:17:52","indexId":"70191723","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow microearthquakes near Chongqing, China triggered by the Rayleigh waves of the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake","docAbstract":"We present a case of remotely triggered seismicity in Southwest China by the 2015/04/25 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake. A local magnitude ML3.8 event occurred near the Qijiang district south of Chongqing city approximately 12 min after the Gorkha mainshock. Within 30km of this ML3.8 event there are 62 earthquakes since 2009 and only 7 ML>3events, which corresponds to a likelihood of 0.3% for a ML>3on any given day by a random chance. This observation motivates us to investigate the relationship between the ML3.8 event and the Gorkha mainshock. The ML3.8 event is listed in the China Earthquake National Center (CENC) catalog and occurred at shallow depth (∼3km). By examining high-frequency waveforms, we identify a smaller local event (∼ML2.5) ∼15s before the ML3.8 event. Both events occurred during the first two cycles of the Rayleigh waves from the Gorkha mainshock. We perform seismic event detection based on envelope function and waveform matching by using the two events as templates. Both analyses found a statistically significant rate change during the mainshock, suggesting that they were indeed dynamically triggered by the Rayleigh waves. Both events occurred during the peak normal and dilatational stress changes (∼10–30 kPa), consistent with observations of dynamic triggering in other geothermal/volcanic regions. Although other recent events (i.e., the 2011 M9.1 Tohoku-Oki earthquake) produced similar peak ground velocities, the 2015 Gorkha mainshock was the only event that produced clear dynamic triggering in this region. The triggering site is close to hydraulic fracturing wells that began production in 2013–2014. Hence we suspect that fluid injections may increase the region’s susceptibility to remote dynamic triggering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2017.09.024","usgsCitation":"Han, L., Peng, Z., Johnson, C.W., Pollitz, F., Li, L., Wang, B., Wu, J., Li, Q., and Wei, H., 2017, Shallow microearthquakes near Chongqing, China triggered by the Rayleigh waves of the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 479, p. 231-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.09.024.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"240","ipdsId":"IP-089927","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.09.024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","city":"Chongqing","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 100,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 112,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 112,\n 34\n ],\n [\n 100,\n 34\n ],\n [\n 100,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"479","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a3e4b0220bbd9d9f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Libo","contributorId":197305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Libo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, Zhigang","contributorId":69432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Zhigang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Christopher W.","contributorId":197307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Lu","contributorId":198276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Lu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Baoshan","contributorId":197308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Baoshan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wu, Jing","contributorId":191126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Jing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Li, Qiang","contributorId":197310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Qiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wei, Hongmei","contributorId":197311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Hongmei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70192306,"text":"70192306 - 2017 - Strong SH-to-Love wave scattering off the Southern California Continental Borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T16:17:16","indexId":"70192306","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong SH-to-Love wave scattering off the Southern California Continental Borderland","docAbstract":"Seismic scattering is commonly observed and results from wave propagation in heterogeneous medium. Yet, deterministic characterization of scatterers associated with lateral heterogeneities remains challenging. In this study, we analyze broadband waveforms recorded by the Southern California Seismic Network and observe strongly scattered Love waves following the arrival of teleseismic SH wave. These scattered Love waves travel approximately in the same (azimuthal) direction as the incident SH wave at a dominant period of ~10 s but at an apparent velocity of ~3.6 km/s as compared to the ~11 km/s for the SH wave. Back-projection suggests that this strong scattering is associated with pronounced bathymetric relief in the Southern California Continental Borderland, in particular the Patton Escarpment. Finite-difference simulations using a simplified 2-D bathymetric and crustal model are able to predict the arrival times and amplitudes of major scatterers. The modeling suggests a relatively low shear wave velocity in the Continental Borderland.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017GL075213","usgsCitation":"Yu, C., Zhan, Z., Hauksson, E., and Cochran, E.S., 2017, Strong SH-to-Love wave scattering off the Southern California Continental Borderland: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 20, p. 10208-10215, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075213.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"10208","endPage":"10215","ipdsId":"IP-089078","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl075213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 30\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a0e4b0220bbd9d9f10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, Chunquan","contributorId":198158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Chunquan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhan, Zhongwen","contributorId":195085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhan","given":"Zhongwen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":198159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192308,"text":"70192308 - 2017 - Shear-wave velocity model from Rayleigh wave group velocities centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T11:34:59","indexId":"70192308","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear-wave velocity model from Rayleigh wave group velocities centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta","docAbstract":"Rayleigh wave group velocities obtained from ambient noise tomography are inverted for an upper crustal model of the Central Valley, California, centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta. Two methods were tried; the first uses SURF96, a least-squares routine. It provides a good fit to the data, but convergence is dependent on the starting model. The second uses a genetic algorithm, whose starting model is random. This method was tried at several nodes in the model and compared to the output from SURF96. The genetic code is run five times and the variance of the output of all five models can be used to obtain an estimate of error. SURF96 produces a more regular solution mostly because it is typically run with a smoothing constraint. Models from the genetic code are generally consistent with the SURF96 code sometimes producing lower velocities at depth. The full model, calculated using SURF96, employed a 2-pass strategy, which used a variable damping scheme in the first pass. The resulting model shows low velocities near the surface in the Central Valley with a broad asymmetrical sedimentary basin located close to the western edge of the Central Valley near 122°W longitude. At shallow depths the Rio Vista Basin is found nestled between the Pittsburgh/Kirby Hills and Midland faults, but a significant basin also seems to exist to the west of the Kirby Hills fault. There are other possible correlations between fast and slow velocities in the Central Valley and geologic features such as the Stockton Arch, oil or gas producing regions and the fault-controlled western boundary of the Central Valley.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-017-1587-x","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.P., and Erdem, J., 2017, Shear-wave velocity model from Rayleigh wave group velocities centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 174, no. 10, p. 3825-3839, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1587-x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3825","endPage":"3839","ipdsId":"IP-081360","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1587-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.48358154296874,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -121.45111083984375,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -121.45111083984375,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -123.48358154296874,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -123.48358154296874,\n 37.23470197166817\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"174","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a0e4b0220bbd9d9f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erdem, Jemile 0000-0003-2353-9431 jerdem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-9431","contributorId":127700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdem","given":"Jemile","email":"jerdem@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192302,"text":"70192302 - 2017 - Buried shallow fault slip from the South Napa earthquake revealed by near-field geodesy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T09:32:58","indexId":"70192302","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buried shallow fault slip from the South Napa earthquake revealed by near-field geodesy","docAbstract":"Earthquake-related fault slip in the upper hundreds of meters of Earth’s surface has remained largely unstudied because of challenges measuring deformation in the near field of a fault rupture. We analyze centimeter-scale accuracy mobile laser scanning (MLS) data of deformed vine rows within ±300 m of the principal surface expression of the M (magnitude) 6.0 2014 South Napa earthquake. Rather than assuming surface displacement equivalence to fault slip, we invert the near-field data with a model that allows for, but does not require, the fault to be buried below the surface. The inversion maps the position on a preexisting fault plane of a slip front that terminates ~3 to 25 m below the surface coseismically and within a few hours postseismically. The lack of surface-breaching fault slip is verified by two trenches. We estimate near-surface slip ranging from ~0.5 to 1.25 m. Surface displacement can underestimate fault slip by as much as 30%. This implies that similar biases could be present in short-term geologic slip rates used in seismic hazard analyses. Along strike and downdip, we find deficits in slip: The along-strike deficit is erased after ~1 month by afterslip. We find no evidence of off-fault deformation and conclude that the downdip shallow slip deficit for this event is likely an artifact. As near-field geodetic data rapidly proliferate and will become commonplace, we suggest that analyses of near-surface fault rupture should also use more sophisticated mechanical models and subsurface geomechanical tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.1700525","usgsCitation":"Brooks, B.A., Minson, S.E., Glennie, C.L., Nevitt, J., Dawson, T.E., Rubin, R.S., Ericksen, T., Lockner, D.A., Hudnut, K.W., Langenheim, V., Lutz, A., Murray, J.R., Schwartz, D.P., and Zaccone, D., 2017, Buried shallow fault slip from the South Napa earthquake revealed by near-field geodesy: Science Advances, v. 3, no. 7, e1700525; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700525.","productDescription":"e1700525; 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088981","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700525","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a1e4b0220bbd9d9f16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glennie, Craig L.","contributorId":198143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glennie","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nevitt, Johanna 0000-0003-3819-1773 jnevitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-1773","contributorId":198144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevitt","given":"Johanna","email":"jnevitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. 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