The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides information to the public and to policy-makers concerning the current use and flow of minerals and materials in the United States economy. The USGS collects, analyzes, and disseminates minerals information on most nonfuel mineral commodities.
This USGS digital database is an online compilation of historical U.S. statistics on mineral and material commodities. The database contains information on approximately 90 mineral commodities, including production, imports, exports, and stocks; reported and apparent consumption; and unit value (the real and nominal price in U.S. dollars of a metric ton of apparent consumption). For many of the commodities, data are reported as far back as 1900. Each commodity file includes a document that describes the units of measure, defines terms, and lists USGS contacts for additional information.
End-use tables complement these statistics by supplying, for most of these commodities, information about the distribution of apparent consumption.
This publication draws on more than 125 years of minerals information experience. At the request of the 47th Congress of the United States (1882; 22 Stat. 329), the U.S. Government began the collection and public distribution of these types of data. The Federal agencies responsible for the collection of the data have changed through time. For the years 1882-1924, the USGS collected and published these data; the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) performed these tasks from 1925-95; and in 1996, the responsibilities once again passed to the USGS (following the closure of the USBM) (Mlynarski, 1998).
The USGS collects data on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual, and annual basis from more than 18,000 minerals-related producer and consumer establishments that cooperate with the USGS. These companies voluntarily complete about 40,000 canvass forms that survey production, consumption, recycling, stocks, shipments, and other essential information. Data are also gathered from site visits, memberships on domestic and international minerals-related committees, and coordination with other government organizations and trade associations.
The USGS makes this information available through published products, including monthly, quarterly, and annual Mineral Industry Surveys, the annual Minerals Yearbook (MYB), the annual Mineral Commodity Summaries (MCS), and special mineral commodity studies, including the history of metal prices and materials flow studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds140","usgsCitation":"Kelly, T., Matos, G., Buckingham, D.A., DiFrancesco, C.A., Porter, K.E., Berry, C., Crane, M., Goonan, T., and Sznopek, J., 2005, Historical statistics for mineral and material commodities in the United States (2014 Version): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 140, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds140.","productDescription":"HTML","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds140.PNG"},{"id":363357,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/historical-statistics-mineral-and-material-commodities-united-states","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"2014 Version","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c62c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Thomas","contributorId":93032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matos, Grecia R. 0000-0002-3285-3070 gmatos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-3070","contributorId":195499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matos","given":"Grecia R.","email":"gmatos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckingham, David A.","contributorId":57947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckingham","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiFrancesco, Carl A.","contributorId":105400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiFrancesco","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Porter, Kenneth E.","contributorId":12558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berry, Cyrus","contributorId":83622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Cyrus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crane, Melissa","contributorId":31068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goonan, Thomas","contributorId":99236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goonan","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sznopek, John","contributorId":22049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sznopek","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":73263,"text":"sir20055280 - 2005 - Geologic, hydrologic, and chemical data from the C aquifer near Leupp, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"sir20055280","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5280","title":"Geologic, hydrologic, and chemical data from the C aquifer near Leupp, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055280","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J., Bills, D.J., Phillips, J.V., and Halford, K.J., 2005, Geologic, hydrologic, and chemical data from the C aquifer near Leupp, Arizona (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5280, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055280.","productDescription":"49 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7303,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113,33 ], [ -113,37 ], [ -108,37 ], [ -108,33 ], [ -113,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, J.P.","contributorId":76389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bills, D. J.","contributorId":17610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, J. V.","contributorId":40244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":74383,"text":"ofr20041327 - 2005 - Quality-assurance data for routine water analyses by the U.S. Geological Survey Laboratory in Troy, New York—July 1995 through June 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:43:58","indexId":"ofr20041327","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1327","title":"Quality-assurance data for routine water analyses by the U.S. Geological Survey Laboratory in Troy, New York—July 1995 through June 1997","docAbstract":"The laboratory for analysis of low-ionic-strength water at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) office in Troy, N.Y. analyzes samples collected by USGS projects in the Northeast. The laboratory’s quality-assurance program is based on internal and interlaboratory quality-assurance samples and quality-control procedures developed to ensure proper sample collection, processing, and analysis. For the time period addressed in this report, the quality-assurance/quality-control data were stored in the laboratory’s SAS data-management system, which provides efficient review, compilation, and plotting of quality-assurance/quality-control data. This report presents and discusses samples analyzed from July 1995 through June 1997.
\nQuality-control results for 19 analytical procedures were evaluated for bias and precision. Control charts show that data from ten of the analytical procedures were biased throughout the analysis period for either high-concentration or low-concentration samples but were within control limits; these procedures were: acid-neutralizing capacity, total monomeric aluminum, ammonium, calcium, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, magnesium, nitrate (ion chromatography), nitrate (colorimetric method), and sulfate. Four of the analytical procedures were occasionally biased but were within control limits; they were: fluoride, pH, silicon, and sodium.
\nResults from the filter-blank and analytical-blank analyses indicate that all analytical procedures in which blanks were run were within control limits, although values for a few blanks were outside the control limits.
\nSampling and analysis precision are evaluated herein in terms of the coefficient of variation obtained for triplicate samples in 14 of the 19 procedures. Data-quality objectives (DQO’s) were met by at least 92 percent of the samples analyzed in all procedures except acid neutralizing capacity (80 percent of samples met objectives), total monomeric aluminum (87 percent of samples met objectives), organic monomeric aluminum (89 percent of samples met objectives), and chloride (89 percent of samples met objectives). The data are insufficient to evaluate the DQO’s for total aluminum. Results of the USGS interlaboratory Standard Reference Sample Program indicated acceptable data quality for most constituents over the time period. The results of the P-sample (low-ionic strength constituent) analysis indicated high data quality with good ratings in all studies. The T-sample (trace constituent) had unacceptable ratings in two studies, but received satisfactory ratings in the others. The N-sample (nutrient constituent) studies had an unacceptable rating in one and an excellent rating in the other.
\nEnvironment Canada’s NWRI program results indicated that at least 90 percent of the samples met data-quality objectives in 9 of the 12 analyses; exceptions were calcium, chloride, and silicon. Data-quality objectives were not met for calcium samples in two NWRI studies, but all of the samples analyzed were within control limits for the remaining studies. Data-quality objectives were not met for 32 percent of samples analyzed for chloride and 27 percent of samples analyzed for silicon.
\nResults from blind reference-sample analyses indicated that data-quality objectives were met by at least 90 percent of the calcium, pH, potassium, and sodium samples. Data-quality objectives were met by 77 percent of the chloride samples, 83 percent of the magnesium samples, and 80 percent of the sulfate samples. There is insufficient data to evaluate the specific conductance samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041327","usgsCitation":"Lincoln, T.A., Horan-Ross, D.A., McHale, M.R., and Lawrence, G.B., 2005, Quality-assurance data for routine water analyses by the U.S. Geological Survey Laboratory in Troy, New York—July 1995 through June 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1327, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041327.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1327/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323410,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1327/ofr20041327.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1327"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the East Dakota Water Development District conducted a reconnaissance study to determine the occurrence of organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) in wastewater effluent and the Big Sioux River at or near the cities of Watertown, Volga, and Brookings in the upper Big Sioux River Basin during August 2003 through June 2004. For each city, samples were collected from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and from Big Sioux River sites upstream and downstream from where the wastewater effluent discharges to the Big Sioux River. For Watertown and Brookings, samples were collected during a low-flow period (August 2003) and a runoff period (June 2004). For Volga, samples were collected during two low-flow periods (August 2003 and October 2003) and a runoff period (June 2004).
A total of 125 different OWCs were analyzed for and were classified into six compound classes-human pharmaceutical compounds (HPCs), human and veterinary antibiotic compounds (HVACs), major agricultural herbicides (MAHs), household, industrial, and minor agricultural compounds (HIACs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and sterol compounds (SCs). Of the 125 different OWCs, 45 had acceptable analytical method performance, were detected at concentrations greater than the study reporting levels, and were included in analyses and discussion related to occurrence of OWCs in wastewater effluents and the Big Sioux River.
OWCs in all six compound classes were detected in water samples from sampling sites in the Watertown area. The Watertown WWTP discharged continuously to the Big Sioux River during both the low-flow August 2003 and runoff June 2004 sampling periods. Total OWC concentrations for Big Sioux River sites upstream from the Watertown WWTP discharge generally were small, less than 6 micrograms per liter (µg/L) for both sampling periods. SCs accounted for nearly all of the total OWC concentrations for upstream Big Sioux River sites for the low-flow August 2003 sampling period, and MAHs accounted for nearly all of the total OWC concentrations for the runoff June 2004 sampling period. Total OWC concentrations for samples collected from the Watertown wastewater effluent were relatively large for both sampling periods (estimated concentrations ranged from 20 to 41 µg/L), and primarily consisted of HIACs, SCs, and HVACs. Total OWC concentrations for Big Sioux River sites downstream from the Watertown WWTP discharge were relatively large for the low-flow August 2003 sampling period (estimated concentrations ranged from 6.9 to 19 µg/L) and smaller for the runoff June 2004 sampling period (estimated concentrations ranged from 3.3 to 6.5 µg/L), a pattern that probably reflects a greater fraction of the total flow of the Big Sioux River being derived from WWTP discharge during the low-flow sampling period. Major OWC classes contributing to total OWC concentrations for Big Sioux River sites downstream from the Watertown WWTP were HIACs, SCs, and HVACs. Total OWC concentrations decreased substantially between the two downstream Big Sioux River sites. Although confident conclusions could not be made primarily due to possible effects of non-Lagrangian sampling, OWC results for the Watertown area might indicate that (1) OWCs for upstream Big Sioux River sites probably were primarily contributed by nonpoint agricultural sources, with livestock agriculture accounting for most of the total OWC concentration for the low-flow August 2003 sampling period, and crop agriculture accounting for most of the total OWC concentration for the runoff June 2004 sampling period; (2) OWCs for downstream Big Sioux River sites were substantially influenced by contributions from the Watertown WWTP during both the low-flow and runoff sampling periods; and (3) contributions of OWCs that might be derived from nonpoint livestock agricultural sources increased in proportion for the most downstream site for both the low-flow and runoff sampling periods. Suspected endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) were detected in all Big Sioux River samples in the Watertown area. For both the low-flow and runoff sampling periods, the numbers of EDCs detected, and EDC concentrations and loads generally were larger for downstream Big Sioux River sites than for upstream Big Sioux River sites. Combined EDC concentrations for downstream Big Sioux River sites consisted mostly of HIACs for the low-flow sampling period and both HIACs and MAHs for the runoff sampling period.
OWCs in all compound classes except PAHs were detected in samples from sites in the Volga area. The Volga WWTP was not discharging to the Big Sioux River during the low-flow August 2003 and runoff June 2004 sampling periods, but was discharging continuously to the Big Sioux River during the low-flow October 2003 sampling period. For the low-flow August 2003 sampling period, the upstream Big Sioux River site had larger total OWC concentrations and loads than downstream Big Sioux River sites, and SCs accounted for most of the total OWC concentration for all Big Sioux River sites. For the low-flow October 2003 sampling period, when the Volga WWTP was discharging to the Big Sioux River, total OWC concentrations and loads were larger for the downstream Big Sioux River site than for the upstream site, and the increase in load corresponded well with the load contributed by the Volga wastewater effluent discharge, especially for HIACs. HIACs and SCs accounted for most of the total OWC concentrations for Big Sioux River sites for the October 2003 sampling period. For the June 2004 runoff sampling period, the upstream Big Sioux River site had smaller total OWC concentrations and loads than downstream Big Sioux River sites, and MAHs accounted for most of the total OWC concentrations for all Big Sioux River sites. Although confident conclusions could not be made due to possible effects of non-Lagrangian sampling, the data might indicate that (1) for the low-flow August 2003 sampling period, nonpoint livestock agricultural and/or human wastewater sources might have been the primary contributors to occurrence of OWCs at Big Sioux River sampling sites; (2) for the low-flow October 2003 sampling period, nonpoint livestock sources and upstream human wastewater sources primarily contributed to occurrence of OWCs at Big Sioux River sampling sites; (3) for the runoff June 2004 sampling period, nonpoint crop agricultural sources primarily contributed to occurrence of OWCs at Big Sioux River sampling sites; (4) for the low-flow August 2003 and runoff June 2004 sampling periods, seepage of water from the Volga WWTP had little effect on downstream OWC concentrations; and (5) for the low-flow October 2003 sampling period, the Volga wastewater effluent discharge contributed to downstream OWC concentrations. EDCs were detected in all samples collected from sampling sites in the Volga area. For all sampling periods, total EDC concentrations generally were similar between upstream and downstream Big Sioux River sites and consisted of HIACs and MAHs. HIACs accounted for most of the total EDC concentrations for the low-flow August 2003 and October 2003 sampling periods, and MAHs accounted for most of the total EDC concentrations for the runoff June 2004 sampling period for all Big Sioux River sites.
OWCs in all compound classes except PAHs were detected in water samples from sampling sites in the Brookings area. The Brookings WWTP discharged continuously to the Big Sioux River during all sampling periods. For the low-flow August 2003 sampling period, the upstream site had slightly smaller total OWC concentrations and loads compared to the downstream Big Sioux River sites. SCs and HIACs accounted for most of the total OWC concentration in all Big Sioux River sampling sites, but the proportion of SCs increased at the most downstream site. For the runoff June 2004 sampling period, the upstream site generally had smaller total OWC concentrations and loads than downstream Big Sioux River sites. MAHs accounted for most of the total OWC concentration for all Big Sioux River sites, but the proportion of SCs increased at the most downstream site. Although confident conclusions could not be made due to possible effects of non-Lagrangian sampling, the data might indicate that (1) for the low-flow August 2003 sampling period, nonpoint livestock agricultural sources probably primarily contributed to occurrence of OWCs at all Big Sioux River sampling sites, and the Brookings WWTP wastewater effluent discharge contributed but did not have a substantial effect on concentrations at downstream sites; and (2) for the runoff June 2004 sampling period, nonpoint crop agricultural sources primarily contributed to occurrence of OWCs at all Big Sioux River sites, contributions of OWCs that might be derived from nonpoint livestock agricultural sources increased in proportion to other sources for the most downstream site, and the Brookings WWTP wastewater effluent discharge probably did not substantially contribute to total OWC concentrations at downstream sampling sites. EDCs were detected in all samples collected from sampling sites in the Brookings area. Total EDC concentrations for the upstream site consisted entirely of MAHs. Total EDC concentrations for downstream sites consisted of MAHs and HIACs. HIACs accounted for most of the total EDC concentrations for the low-flow August 2003 sampling period, and MAHs accounted for most of the total EDC concentrations for the runoff June 2004 sampling period for downstream Big Sioux River sites.
The city of Watertown is located near the upstream part of the Big Sioux River Basin, where the mean annual flow of the Big Sioux River is less than 100 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). Watertown WWTP discharges can account for a substantial part of the flow in the Big Sioux River, especially during low-flow periods. Effects of the Watertown WWTP wastewater effluent discharges on the occurrence of OWCs in the Big Sioux River downstream were apparent during both the low-flow and runoff sampling periods. For Volga and Brookings, which are farther downstream and where the mean annual flow of the Big Sioux River exceeds 400 ft3/s, wastewater effluent discharges from the Volga and Brookings WWTPs probably influenced the occurrence of OWCs in the Big Sioux River, but probably did not substantially contribute to total OWC concentrations, especially during the runoff sampling period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055249","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Furlong, E.T., Gray, J.L., Meyer, M.T., and Bartholomay, R.C., 2005, Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater effluent and the Big Sioux River in the Upper Big Sioux River basin, South Dakota, 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5249, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055249.","productDescription":"108 p.","numberOfPages":"108","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7470,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463372,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86771.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Upper Big Sioux River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69231f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":73143,"text":"wdrAL041 - 2005 - Water Resources Data, Alabama, Water Year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:04","indexId":"wdrAL041","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AL-04-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Alabama, Water Year 2004","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Alabama consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stages and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report includes records on both surface and ground water in the State. Specifically, it contains: (1) discharge records for 131 streamflow-gaging stations, for 19 partial-record or miscellaneous streamflow stations; (2) stage and content records for 16 lakes and reservoirs and stage at 44 stations; (3) water-quality records for 21 streamflow-gaging stations, for 11 ungaged streamsites, and for 1 precipitation stations; (4) water temperature at 20 surface-water stations; (5) specific conductance and dissolved oxygen at 20 stations; (6) turbidity at 5 stations; (7) sediment data at 6 stations; (8) water-level records for 2 recording observa-tion wells; and (9) water-quality records for 6 ground-water stations. Also included are lists of active and discontinued continuous-record surface-water-quality stations, and partial-record and miscellaneous sur-face-water-quality stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, State, and local agencies in Alabama.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wdrAL041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alabama Department of\r\nEnvironmental Management, the Alabama Department of\r\nTransportation, and with other State, municipal, and Federal\r\nagencies","usgsCitation":"Psinakis, W.L., Lambeth, D., Stricklin, V., and Treece, M., 2005, Water Resources Data, Alabama, Water Year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AL-04-1, x, 602 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAL041.","productDescription":"x, 602 p.","numberOfPages":"615","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7358,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-al-04-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc76d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Psinakis, W. L.","contributorId":104074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psinakis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambeth, D.S.","contributorId":21587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambeth","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricklin, V.E.","contributorId":106146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricklin","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Treece, M.W.","contributorId":91134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treece","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":73153,"text":"sir20055188 - 2005 - Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Kansas River, northeast Kansas, November 2001–August 2002, and simulation of ammonia assimilative capacity and bacteria transport during low flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T19:31:00.004636","indexId":"sir20055188","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5188","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Kansas River, northeast Kansas, November 2001–August 2002, and simulation of ammonia assimilative capacity and bacteria transport during low flow","docAbstract":"Large concentrations of ammonia and densities of bacteria have been detected in reaches of the Kansas River in northeast Kansas during low streamflow conditions, prompting the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) to list these reaches as water-quality limited with respect to ammonia and fecal coliform bacteria. Sources for ammonia and bacteria in the watershed consist of wastewater-treatment facilities (WWTFs) and agricultural and urban runoff. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with KDHE, conducted an investigation of the Kansas River to characterize hydrologic and water-quality conditions and to simulate ammonia assimilative capacity and bacteria transport during low streamflow. This report characterizes the water-quality conditions, documents the calibration of a two-dimensional water-quality model, and presents results of hypothetical simulations of existing and future WWTFs discharging to the Kansas River during low streamflow.
\nWater samples were collected during low streamflow conditions at 50 sampling sites along and near the Kansas River between Wamego and Kansas City, Kansas, during three synoptic surveys conducted between November 2001 and August 2002. The analytical results from these samples indicated that ammonia and other nutrient concentrations and fecal coliform bacteria densities increased in the Kansas River from Wamego to Kansas City. Point sources were the primary contributors of ammonia and fecal coliform bacteria during low-flow conditions. Generally, ammonia concentrations in the Kansas River were largest at sampling sites just downstream from WWTFs. Overall, ammonia concentrations in the Kansas River, tributaries, and WWTF effluent were larger in the winter than during the summer. None of the main-stem sample concentrations exceeded the State of Kansas pH- and temperature-dependent chronic aquatic-life criteria for ammonia during the sampling periods. Other nutrients, such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus, indicated a similar, but less variable, spatial pattern along the main stem of the Kansas River, with concentrations increasing slightly downstream from major WWTFs. The temporal variance defined by the results of synoptic survey III (July 22–August 8, 2002) indicated that ammonia concentrations in the Kansas River sometimes varied daily by as much as 155 percent at a single site.
\nSamples analyzed for densities of fecal coliform bacteria illustrated a seasonal, spatial, and temporal pattern slightly different from that of nutrients. Overall, the bacteria densities measured during the summer were larger than the densities measured in the winter. The only fecal coliform bacteria density to exceed the former State water-quality, single-sample criteria of 2,000 col/100 mL (colonies per 100 milliliters of water) was measured at 4,000 col/100 mL during synoptic III (summer 2002) on the main stem of the Kansas River at Kansas City. Temporal variability measured during synoptic survey III indicated up to a 263-percent difference in bacteria density over a 12-day period.
\nInstantaneous loads of ammonia and bacteria were computed to determine primary inputs to the Kansas River and ammonia and bacteria decay rates in the river. The Oakland WWTF in Topeka was the largest contributor of both ammonia and bacteria on the basis of samples collected during the three synoptic surveys, except for fecal coliform bacteria collected during synoptic survey III when the DeSoto WWTF was discharging the largest concentration of bacteria. The ammonia assimilative process was about twice as effective during the summer synoptic survey than it was during the winter survey. Decay of fecal coliform bacteria density was less evident and appeared to have little seasonal effect on the basis of data collected for this report. The summer low-streamflow water-quality conditions were suitable for nitrification, algae that consume ammonia, and consequently, decaying organic matter that consume oxygen. The consumption of dissolved oxygen due to nitrification and decaying algae contributed to three measurements of dissolved oxygen that were less than the State of Kansas aquatic-life-support use criteria of 5.0 milligrams per liter.
\nCE–QUAL–W2, a two-dimensional, hydrodynamic and water-quality model, was used to simulate ammonia and bacteria transport in the Kansas River from Topeka to Kansas City. The model was calibrated and verified using data from the three synoptic surveys. The calibrated model successfully simulated the hydrodynamics, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and fecal coliform bacteria in the Kansas River. Simulated in-stream ammonia concentrations were compared to measured concentrations upstream to downstream along the Kansas River. The simulated in-stream ammonia concentrations mostly overestimated the measured values for both winter and summer, with a few exceptions. Comparisons between measured and simulated in-stream ammonia concentrations indicated ammonia assimilation was simulated more accurately in the summer than during the winter.
\nFour hypothetical simulations of varied effluent discharges from existing WWTFs and addition of a proposed WWTF near DeSoto were simulated to better understand future water-quality conditions in the Kansas River. Results indicated that ammonia and dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Kansas River will decrease from the conditions observed during synoptic surveys II (February 25 through March 1, 2002) and III (July 22 through August 8, 2002) except near the proposed WWTF where concentrations of ammonia would be near or exceed criteria for waterborne species. Effects of the proposed WWTF on dissolved oxygen would result in concentrations less than the State of Kansas aquatic-life-support use criteria of 5.0 milligrams per liter for 1 to 2 miles downstream from either of the proposed sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P.P., and Christensen, V.G., 2005, Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Kansas River, northeast Kansas, November 2001–August 2002, and simulation of ammonia assimilative capacity and bacteria transport during low flow: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5188, viii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055188.","productDescription":"viii, 111 p.","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055188.JPG"},{"id":394604,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":73223,"text":"sir20055214 - 2005 - Surface water-quality and water-quantity data from selected urban runoff-monitoring sites at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado, water years 1988-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:08:57","indexId":"sir20055214","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5214","title":"Surface water-quality and water-quantity data from selected urban runoff-monitoring sites at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado, water years 1988-2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has monitored the quality and quantity of streamflow at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) northeast of Denver, Colorado, since the early 1990s in cooperation with the U.S. Army. This report, prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, documents existing surface-water-quality conditions on the RMA. All RMA water-quality data for the Irondale Gulch and First Creek Basins adjacent to and on the RMA were reviewed. Where applicable, water-quality data were compared to State standards established by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. At both the Havana Interceptor below 56th Avenue gaging station and the Uvalda Interceptor below 56th Avenue gaging station, all of the dissolved-oxygen concentrations met the State standard requiring at least 5.0 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of dissolved oxygen for the protection of aquatic life. In contrast, the dissolved-oxygen concentrations at the Peoria Interceptor below 56th Avenue gage commonly were less than 5.0 mg/L. Excluding one suspect concentration of 1.6 mg/L, the dissolved-oxygen concentrations for the First Creek Basin ranged from 4.2 to 12.6 mg/L. Excluding the one suspect value, three dissolved-oxygen concentrations failed to meet the State standard of 5.0 mg/L at the First Creek below Buckley Road site. At the Peoria Interceptor below 56th Avenue site, all pH values were within the range specified by the State standard (6.50-8.99). Results of seven sampling events at the Havana Interceptor below 56th Avenue gaging station indicated a pH greater than or equal to 9 (pH values of 9 or greater exceed the upper limit of the standard). No sampling events indicated a pH less than 6.50. Results from one sampling event at the Uvalda Interceptor below 56th Avenue indicated pH values outside the range specified by the State standard. The concentrations obtained for chloride, magnesium, and sodium generally were below 200 mg/L at all three Irondale Gulch monitoring stations for the entire period of record, but there were a few sampling events at each of these sites where much higher concentrations for these analytes were obtained. The median concentrations for calcium, magnesium, and sodium generally were higher at the First Creek below Buckley Road site than in the three Irondale Gulch sites, while the 90th percentile and maximum concentrations for magnesium and sodium generally were higher at the three Irondale Gulch sites than at the First Creek below Buckley Road site. The urban runoff flowing onto the RMA had low concentrations and few, if any, detections for most organic contaminants. Part of the reason for low detections of organic contaminants may be in how the samples are collected. The existing surface-water sampling program was not designed specifically to target storm runoff and therefore does not characterize water quality for all hydrologic regimes, most notably storm runoff. As a result, the existing data may not adequately represent potential contaminant transport onto the RMA. In addition, during stormwater-runoff events, the sites examined for this report frequently are subject to sharp increases in discharge, and just as quickly the discharge rapidly recedes. These types of transient flow events make water-quality sampling difficult, and none of the sites have a safe place to sample the higher flows that occur in any given year. As a result, most of the surface-water-quality samples were collected after the flow had decreased substantially from the peak flow, which may have transported much of the chemical contaminant load through the system. Thus, little is known about the water quality during the critical initial stormwater-runoff period when contaminants are most likely to be mobilized and transported through the stormwater conveyances past the locations where gaging stations are located.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055214","usgsCitation":"Gordon, J.D., Schild, D.E., Capesius, J.P., and Slaughter, C.B., 2005, Surface water-quality and water-quantity data from selected urban runoff-monitoring sites at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado, water years 1988-2004 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5214, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055214.","productDescription":"29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5214.jpg"},{"id":7469,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Commerce City, Rocky Mountain Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.02655029296875,\n 39.69979076426969\n ],\n [\n -104.65919494628908,\n 39.69979076426969\n ],\n [\n -104.65507507324219,\n 39.91447633139619\n ],\n [\n -105.02655029296876,\n 39.91026292816486\n ],\n [\n -105.02655029296875,\n 39.69979076426969\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, John D. 0000-0001-8396-8524 jgordon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-8524","contributorId":347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"John","email":"jgordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schild, Donald E. deschild@usgs.gov","contributorId":1637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schild","given":"Donald","email":"deschild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capesius, Joseph P. capesius@usgs.gov","contributorId":698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capesius","given":"Joseph","email":"capesius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slaughter, Cecil B.","contributorId":82005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaughter","given":"Cecil","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":73063,"text":"sir20055098 - 2005 - Effects of the 1998 Drought on the Freshwater Lens in the Laura Area, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20055098","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5098","title":"Effects of the 1998 Drought on the Freshwater Lens in the Laura Area, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands","docAbstract":"Lower than average rainfall during late 1997 and early 1998 in Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, caused a drought and severe drinking-water shortage. Majuro depends on a public rainfall catchment system, which uses an airport runway and storage reservoirs. The storage reservoirs can supply water for about 30 to 50 days without replenishment. In February 1998, after a few months with less than one inch of rainfall per month, a drought-related disaster was declared. Reverse-osmosis water-purification systems were brought to Majuro to help alleviate the water shortage. Concurrent with the water-purification program, ground water from a freshwater lens in the Laura area of the atoll was pumped at increased rates. Of the total consumed water during this period, ground water from Laura supplied between 90 percent (March 1998) and 64 percent (May 1998) of the drinking water. Due to public concern, a study was initiated to determine the effects of the drought on the freshwater lens.\r\n\r\nThe areal extent of the freshwater lens is about 350 acres. A monitoring-well network, consisting of multiple wells driven to varying depths at 11 sites, was installed to determine the thickness of the freshwater lens. Similar locations relative to an earlier study were chosen so that the data from this study could be compared to 1984-85 data. At the end of the drought in June 1998, the freshwater near the middle of the lens was about 45 feet thick; and at the north and south ends, the freshwater was about 25 to 38 feet thick, respectively.\r\n\r\nMonitoring of the freshwater lens was continued through the wet season following the drought. The lens increased in thickness by 1 to 8 feet after 7 months of rainfall. Greater increases in lens thickness were measured on the lagoon side than on the ocean side of the freshwater lens.\r\n\r\nLens thickness during August 1998, and seasonal variation of lens thickness in 1998, were compared to data collected in 1984-85. Comparison of lens thickness from the different years yielded an inconsistent result; the lens was not uniformly thicker in 1984-85 despite more rainfall and little or no pumpage during this time. Seasonal variation in 1998-99 was greater than seasonal variation in 1984-85 due to differences in seasonal rainfall and pumpage.\r\n\r\nThe change in lens thickness suggested by the comparison between 1998-99 and 1984-85 data was complicated by effects due to different well locations, different wells, and assumed small-scale variability in the thickness of fine and coarse calcareous sediments. This result suggests that a monitoring program that uses the same wells through time is needed to adequately describe long-term variability in lens thickness.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20055098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Majuro Water and Sewer Company, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands","usgsCitation":"Presley, T.K., 2005, Effects of the 1998 Drought on the Freshwater Lens in the Laura Area, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5098, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055098.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7297,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db61058e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, Todd K. 0000-0001-5851-0634 tkpresle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5851-0634","contributorId":2671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"Todd","email":"tkpresle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73053,"text":"ds148 - 2005 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2005: quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T18:49:33","indexId":"ds148","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"148","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2005: quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"When water is released through the spillways of dams, air is entrained in the water, increasing the downstream concentration of dissolved gases. Excess dissolved-gas concentrations can have adverse effects on freshwater aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected dissolved-gas and water-temperature data at eight sites on the lower Columbia River in 2005. Significant findings from the data include:
\nThis volume of the annual hydrologic data report of Iowa is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey’s surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of water provide the hydrologic information needed by local, State, and Federal agencies, and the public for developing and managing our Nation’s land and water resources.
\nThis report is the culmination of a concerted effort by dedicated personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey who collected, compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who typed, edited, and assembled the report. The authors had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein is accurate, complete, and adheres to U. S. Geological Survey policy and established guidelines.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrIA051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources–Geological Survey; Iowa Department of Transportation; and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Nalley, G.M., Gorman, J., Goodrich, R.D., Littin, G.R., Linhart, S.M., Miller, V.E., and Housel, K.S., 2005, Water resources data, Iowa, water year 2005 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IA-05-1, v. 1, xv, 534 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIA051.","productDescription":"xv, 534 p.","numberOfPages":"554","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7298,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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\"}}]}","volume":"1","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nalley, Greg M. 0000-0002-0151-0219","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-0219","contributorId":69650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalley","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorman, Joseph G.","contributorId":52665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Joseph G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodrich, Robert D.","contributorId":54293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodrich","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Littin, Greg R.","contributorId":95576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linhart, S. Michael","contributorId":67932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linhart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Von E.","contributorId":102551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Von","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Housel, Kevin S.","contributorId":80754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Housel","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":73003,"text":"sir20055200 - 2005 - Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"sir20055200","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5200","title":"Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa","docAbstract":"Data from nine widely distributed climate stations were used to assess the distribution of potential evapotranspiration on the tropical South Pacific island of Tutuila, American Samoa. Seasonal patterns of climate data in this study differed in detail from available long-term data because the monitoring period of each station in this study was only 1 to 5 years, but overall climate conditions during the monitoring period (1999-2004) are representative of normal conditions.\r\n\r\nPotential evapotranspiration shows a diurnal pattern. On average, potential evapotranspiration in the daytime, when net radiation is the dominant controlling factor, constitutes 90 percent or more of the total daily potential evapotranspiration at each station. Positive heat advection from the ocean contributes to potential evapotranspiration at at least one station, and possibly other stations, in this study.\r\n\r\nSeasonal variation of potential evapotranspiration is linked to seasonal daylight duration. Spatial variation of potential evapotranspiration, however, is linked primarily to orographic cloud cover. Potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila is lowest in the interior of the island, where rainfall is higher, cloud cover is more frequent, and net radiation is lower than along the coasts. Potential evapotranspiration is highest along the southern and eastern coasts of the island, where rainfall is lower and cloud cover less frequent. The gradient from areas of high to low potential evapotranspiration is steepest in November and December, when island-wide potential evapotranspiration is highest, and less steep in June and July, when island-wide potential evapotranspiration is lowest.\r\n\r\nComparison of potential evapotranspiration to rainfall indicates that evapotranspiration processes on Tutuila have the potential to remove from 23 to 61 percent of the water brought by rainfall. In lower-rainfall coastal locations, potential evapotranspiration can be 50 percent or more of rainfall, whereas in higher-rainfall interior locations potential evapotranspiration is less than 30 percent of rainfall.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20055200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., Giambelluca, T.W., and Nullet, M.A., 2005, Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5200, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055200.","productDescription":"48 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7262,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481fe4b07f02db4e0b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scott K.","contributorId":102584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giambelluca, Thomas W.","contributorId":70069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giambelluca","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nullet, Michael A.","contributorId":83212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nullet","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72953,"text":"ofr20051356 - 2005 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2003 through September 2004) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T20:00:30","indexId":"ofr20051356","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1356","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2003 through September 2004) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to below Missoula as part of a program, conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to characterize aquatic resources in the upper Clark Fork basin of western Montana. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork, five major tributaries, and three smaller tributaries. Water-quality samples were collected periodically at 17 sites during October 2003 through September 2004 (water year 2004). Bed-sediment and biological samples were collected one time in August 2004. The primary constituents analyzed were trace elements associated with tailings from historical mining and smelting activities. This report summarizes the results of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected in water year 2004 and provides statistical summaries of data collected since 1985.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data for samples collected periodically from streams include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Daily values of suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for three sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained and bulk fractions. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Quality-assurance data are reported for analytical results of water, bed sediment, and biota. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data are provided for the period of record since 1985 for each site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051356","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2005, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2003 through September 2004) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1356, v, 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051356.","productDescription":"v, 124 p.","numberOfPages":"129","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8318,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2005-1356/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clark Fork basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.41666666666667,46.25 ], [ -114.41666666666667,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46.25 ], [ -114.41666666666667,46.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e51ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72983,"text":"sir20055213 - 2005 - Effects of Surface-Water Diversions on Habitat Availability for Native Macrofauna, Northeast Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20055213","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5213","title":"Effects of Surface-Water Diversions on Habitat Availability for Native Macrofauna, Northeast Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Effects of surface-water diversions on habitat availability for native stream fauna (fish, shrimp, and snails) are described for 21 streams in northeast Maui, Hawaii. Five streams (Waikamoi, Honomanu, Wailuanui, Kopiliula, and Hanawi Streams) were chosen as representative streams for intensive study. On each of the five streams, three representative reaches were selected: (1) immediately upstream of major surface-water diversions, (2) midway to the coast, and (3) near the coast. This study focused on five amphidromous native aquatic species (alamoo, nopili, nakea, opae, and hihiwai) that are abundant in the study area.\r\n\r\nThe Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) System, which incorporates hydrology, stream morphology and microhabitat preferences to explore relations between streamflow and habitat availability, was used to simulate habitat/discharge relations for various species and life stages, and to provide quantitative habitat comparisons at different streamflows of interest. Hydrologic data, collected over a range of low-flow discharges, were used to calibrate hydraulic models of selected transects across the streams. The models were then used to predict water depth and velocity (expressed as a Froude number) over a range of discharges up to estimates of natural median streamflow. The biological importance of the stream hydraulic attributes was then assessed with the statistically derived suitability criteria for each native species and life stage that were developed as part of this study to produce a relation between discharge and habitat availability. The final output was expressed as a weighted habitat area of streambed for a representative stream reach.\r\n\r\nPHABSIM model results are presented to show the area of estimated usable bed habitat over a range of streamflows relative to natural conditions. In general, the models show a continuous decrease in habitat for all modeled species as streamflow is decreased from natural conditions.\r\n\r\nThe PHABSIM modeling results from the intensively studied streams were normalized to develop relations between the relative amount of diversion from a stream and the resulting relative change in habitat in the stream. These relations can be used to estimate changes in habitat for diverted streams in the study area that were not intensively studied. The relations indicate that the addition of even a small amount of water to a dry stream has a significant effect on the amount of habitat available. Equations relating stream base-flow changes to habitat changes can be used to provide an estimate of the relative habitat change in the study area streams for which estimates of diverted and natural median base flow have been determined but for which detailed habitat models were not developed.\r\n\r\nStream water temperatures, which could have an effect on stream ecology and taro cultivation, were measured in five streams in the study area. In general, the stream temperatures measured at any of the monitoring sites were not elevated enough, based on currently available information, to adversely effect the growth or mortality of native aquatic macrofauna or to cause wetland taro to be susceptible to fungi and associated rotting diseases.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20055213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Commission on Water Resource Management","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, S.B., and Wolff, R.H., 2005, Effects of Surface-Water Diversions on Habitat Availability for Native Macrofauna, Northeast Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5213, Report: vi, 94 p.; Plate: 17 x 20 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055213.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 94 p.; Plate: 17 x 20 inches","numberOfPages":"103","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7355,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.20083333333332,20.784166666666668 ], [ -156.20083333333332,20.95 ], [ -156.08333333333334,20.95 ], [ -156.08333333333334,20.784166666666668 ], [ -156.20083333333332,20.784166666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolff, Reuben H.","contributorId":35020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72832,"text":"ofr20051374 - 2005 - Bridge scour monitoring methods at three sites in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-14T11:34:37","indexId":"ofr20051374","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1374","title":"Bridge scour monitoring methods at three sites in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, constructed three watershed models using the Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF) to simulate streamflow and estimate recharge to the Edwards aquifer in the Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek watersheds in south-central Texas. The three models were calibrated and tested with available data collected during 1992–2003. Simulations of streamflow and recharge were done for 1951–2003. The approach to construct the models was to first calibrate the Hondo Creek model (with an hourly time step) using 1992–99 data and test the model using 2000–2003 data. The Hondo Creek model parameters then were applied to the Verde Creek and San Geronimo Creek watersheds to construct the Verde Creek and San Geronimo Creek models. The simulated streamflows for Hondo Creek are considered acceptable. Annual, monthly, and daily simulated streamflows adequately match measured values, but simulated hourly streamflows do not. The accuracy of streamflow simulations for Verde Creek is uncertain. For San Geronimo Creek, the match of measured and simulated annual and monthly streamflows is acceptable (or nearly so); but for daily and hourly streamflows, the calibration is relatively poor. Simulated average annual total streamflow for 1951–2003 to Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek is 45,400; 32,400; and 11,100 acre-feet, respectively. Simulated average annual streamflow at the respective watershed outlets is 13,000; 16,200; and 6,920 acre-feet. The difference between total streamflow and streamflow at the watershed outlet is streamflow lost to channel infiltration. Estimated average annual Edwards aquifer recharge for Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek watersheds for 1951–2003 is 37,900 acrefeet (5.04 inches), 26,000 acre-feet (3.36 inches), and 5,940 acre-feet (1.97 inches), respectively. Most of the recharge (about 77 percent for the three watersheds together) occurs as streamflow channel infiltration. Diffuse recharge (direct infiltration of rainfall to the aquifer) accounts for the remaining 23 percent of recharge. For the Hondo Creek watershed, the HSPF recharge estimates for 1992–2003 averaged about 22 percent less than those estimated by the Puente method, a method the U.S. Geological Survey has used to compute annual recharge to the Edwards aquifer since 1978. HSPF recharge estimates for the Verde Creek watershed average about 40 percent less than those estimated by the Puente method.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055252","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., 2005, Simulation of streamflow and estimation of recharge to the Edwards aquifer in the Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek watersheds, south-central Texas, 1951-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5252, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055252.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055252.PNG"},{"id":7350,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Hondo Creek watershed, San Geronimo Creek watershed, Verde Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.8,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -99.8,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -98.6,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -98.6,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -99.8,\n 30\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72837,"text":"ds133 - 2005 - Microbe concentrations, laser particle counts, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in samples from a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2002 to 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T19:49:12","indexId":"ds133","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"133","title":"Microbe concentrations, laser particle counts, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in samples from a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2002 to 2004","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds133","usgsCitation":"Vogel, J.R., Harris, S., Coplen, T., Rice, E., and Verstraeten, I., 2005, Microbe concentrations, laser particle counts, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in samples from a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2002 to 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 133, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds133.","productDescription":"70 p.","numberOfPages":"70","costCenters":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7342,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska ","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.073486328125,\n 41.87774145109676\n ],\n [\n -102.23876953125,\n 41.21998578493921\n ],\n [\n -101.634521484375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -100.32714843749999,\n 40.90520969727358\n ],\n [\n -98.865966796875,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -97.42675781249999,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 41.1290213474951\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -95.888671875,\n 41.16211393939692\n ],\n [\n -96.1962890625,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -96.866455078125,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -97.503662109375,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -98.93188476562499,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -99.54711914062499,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -100.294189453125,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -101.634521484375,\n 41.261291493919884\n ],\n [\n -102.28271484375,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -103.1396484375,\n 41.763117447005875\n ],\n [\n -103.546142578125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -104.073486328125,\n 41.87774145109676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62de4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, S.I.","contributorId":73292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, E.W.","contributorId":7786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":72807,"text":"ds152 - 2005 - Water-quality, streamflow, and ancillary data for nutrients in streams and rivers across the nation, 1992-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"ds152","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"152","title":"Water-quality, streamflow, and ancillary data for nutrients in streams and rivers across the nation, 1992-2001","docAbstract":"Introduction: \r\nThis report is the companion data report for: Nutrients in Streams and Rivers Across the Nation - 1992-2001 (D.K. Mueller and N.E. Spahr, U.S. Geological Survey written commun., 2005).\r\n\r\nThe data contained in this report were collected as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Investigations were conducted in 51 large river basins and aquifer systems, which are referred to as 'study units.' Implementation of study-unit investigations were phased so that high-intensity sampling occurred in about one-third of the study units at a time. Investigations in the first 20 study units began in 1991, and stream sampling began in 1992; however, most samples were collected during water years 1993-95. (Water year is defined as the period from October through September and is identified by the year in which it ends.) A second group of 16 study-unit investigations began in 1994, with most of the sampling completed during water years 1996-98. A third group, consisting of 15 study units, began in 1997 with most of the data collected during water years 1999-2001. At some sites, additional sampling continued after the high-intensity time period. Gilliom and others (1995) provide additional information about study-unit sampling design. Additional information about the NAWQA program is available at http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/index.html.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds152","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.K., and Spahr, N.E., 2005, Water-quality, streamflow, and ancillary data for nutrients in streams and rivers across the nation, 1992-2001 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 152, unpaginated; map; data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds152.","productDescription":"unpaginated; map; data files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72828,"text":"sim2903 - 2005 - Geologic map of northwestern Seattle (part of the Seattle North 7.5' x 15' quadrangle), King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T21:10:48.923552","indexId":"sim2903","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2903","title":"Geologic map of northwestern Seattle (part of the Seattle North 7.5' x 15' quadrangle), King County, Washington","docAbstract":"This map is the first of four new geologic maps covering the city of Seattle that are based on field exposures and an extensive database of subsurface geologic explorations. The landforms and near-surface deposits here record a relatively brief, recent period in the geologic history of the region that was dominated by the last advance of the continental ice sheet that covered the region about 17,000 years ago. Beneath the deposits of this ice sheet is a complex succession of older sediments that extends far below sea level across most of the map area. These older sediments are now exposed where modern erosion and landslides have sliced through the edge of the upland, most notably in coastal bluffs along Puget Sound.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051318","usgsCitation":"Valin, Z.C., and McLaughlin, R.J., 2005, Locations and data for water wells of the Santa Rosa Valley, Sonoma County, California (Version 1.0, contains WSP 1427 data): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1318, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051318.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405719,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74209.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7417,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","otherGeospatial":"Santa Rosa Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -122.5167,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -122.5167,\n 38.5833\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 38.5833\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 38.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0, contains WSP 1427 data","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bf54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valin, Zenon C. 0000-0001-6199-6700 zenon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-6700","contributorId":3742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valin","given":"Zenon","email":"zenon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 rjmcl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":1428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"rjmcl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72821,"text":"ofr20051350 - 2005 - Log of Trench 04A across the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond), Fremont, Alameda County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T10:01:42","indexId":"ofr20051350","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1350","title":"Log of Trench 04A across the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond), Fremont, Alameda County, California","docAbstract":"This publication makes available a detailed trench log (sheets 1 and 2) of a 110-m trench we excavated in 2004 across a tectonic sag pond in the Hayward fault zone. Also included are revised stratigraphic unit descriptions from this fifth field season of subsurface investigation of the Hayward fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond). Preliminary findings based on fieldwork done in 2000 have been published (Lienkaemper and others: data archive, 2002a; report, 2002b), as were the logs and data for 2001-2003 (Lienkaemper and others, 2003, L03). A continuous exposure of the geologic section across the entire pond made in 2004 (Fig. 1, 04A) has revealed some critical miscorrelations of units made in the original on-line version of L03, hence users of these earlier trench data should only use the 2005 revised version 2.0 of L03 for correlation purposes. Lienkaemper, Williams, and Sickler interpreted the geology and logged the trenches. Fumal did most of the trench photography. \r\n\r\nThe Hayward fault is recognized to be among the most hazardous in the United States (Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 2003). Establishing a chronology of prehistoric or paleoearthquakes is of immediate use in resolving the likelihood of future large earthquakes Hayward fault. This document makes available geologic evidence for historical and prehistoric surface-rupturing earthquakes preserved at the site. A second, formal report on our conclusions based on these data is in preparation. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051350","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Williams, P.L., Sickler, R.R., and Fumal, T.E., 2005, Log of Trench 04A across the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond), Fremont, Alameda County, California (Version 1.1, Revised Dec 5 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1350, 2 Plates: 29 x 26.5 and 40 x 33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051350.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 29 x 26.5 and 40 x 33 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7418,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1350/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,36.5 ], [ -123,38.5 ], [ -121.5,38.5 ], [ -121.5,36.5 ], [ -123,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Dec 5 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63c072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Patrick L.","contributorId":70472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sickler, Robert R. 0000-0002-9141-625X rsickler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-625X","contributorId":3235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","email":"rsickler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fumal, Thomas E.","contributorId":67882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72830,"text":"sir20055085 - 2005 - Spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along the central California coast, 1980-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"sir20055085","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5085","title":"Spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along the central California coast, 1980-2002","docAbstract":"Since the 1980s, our understanding of such important large-scale phenomena as El Ni?o events and the California Current System that drive physical, chemical, and biologic processes along the U.S. west coast has greatly improved. However, our ability to predict the influence of annual and interannual events on a regional scale still remains limited. We have analyzed high-resolution hourly data from eight National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration buoys deployed since the early 1980s off central California to study spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along the coast. We identified seasonal to interannual trends in significant wave height, dominant wave period, sea-level barometric pressure, sea-surface water temperature, windspeed, and wind direction were identified, as well as significant departures in these trends during El Ni?o and La Ni?a periods. The results suggest increasing wave heights and wave periods, decreasing sea-level barometric pressures and variations in sea-surface water temperatures, and increasing variations in windspeed and wind direction off central California between 1980 and 2002.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055085","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., and Wingfield, D.K., 2005, Spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along the central California coast, 1980-2002 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5085, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055085.","productDescription":"45 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7466,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d4e4b07f02db548f11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingfield, Dana K.","contributorId":40683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingfield","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}