The northern Bering Sea has a history of severe storm surges. The most recent, and perhaps the worst in historical times, occurred in November, 1974 (Fathauer, 1975). Evidence of storm surge events is exhibited in sea-floor stratigraphy as well as shoreline flooding and indicates that significant widespread changes in sea-floor sedimentation take place (Nelson and Creager, 1977). These changes have implications for installations on the sea floor and for mass transport of pollutants.
This paper describes the interbedded sand layers found in southern Norton Sound off the modern Yukon Delta that are deposited by the storm surge events. Such deposits are evident in both modern and ancient deposits of epicontinental shelves (Hays, 1967; Howard and Reineck, in press; Anderton, 1976.). These graded sand layers in very shallow water mimic many of the features of thin-bedded turbidite sands, although the shallow water deposits are thought to have a very different mechanism of deposition related to storm surge processes.
Two factors in the oceanographic setting of northern Bering Sea magnify the effects of storm surge. The sea floor is very shallow (less than 20 m deep over wide areas) particularly in Norton Sound. Consequently there is intensive wave reworking which causes extensive sea-floor erosion, mass movement, displacement, and offshore progradation of significant amounts of sediment during storm surges; The second factor is a system of strong dynamic_ bottom currents that can move large amounts of sediment northward to Chukchi Sea during normal weather. Much more sediment is moved when the current is reinforced by relaxing of the sea surface set-up caused by storm surge (Fig. 1) (Flemming and Heggarty, 1966; Coachman et al., 1976; Cacchione and Drake, 1979; Schumacher and Tripp, 1979).
Another important influence on the sedimentation in southern Norton Sound is the effect of seasonal processes on the Yukon River delta, During the winter months from November to May the Yukon River averages 40,000 cfs when the ice-covered river is fed mainly by base flow (Dupre, 1976). Within less than a week of river breakup, peak discharges may reach 1,000,000 cfs or more and then decline throughout the summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80712","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C.H., 1980, Graded storm sand layers offshore from the Yukon Delta, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-712, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80712.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0712/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":422862,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0712/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.58644631128854,\n 63.49574914683663\n ],\n [\n -166.02212168061303,\n 63.49574914683663\n ],\n [\n -166.02212168061303,\n 59.74690004761109\n ],\n [\n -161.58644631128854,\n 59.74690004761109\n ],\n [\n -161.58644631128854,\n 63.49574914683663\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672bbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C. Hans","contributorId":34909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hans","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24046,"text":"ofr80952 - 1980 - Hydrogeology of the Seldovia area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr80952","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-952","title":"Hydrogeology of the Seldovia area, Alaska","docAbstract":"Surficial materials in the Seldovia area, Alaska, are mapped as glacial drift over sedimentary bedrock, glacial drift over igneous and metamorphic bedrock, valley-bottom, alluvium, alluvial fan deposits, beach and intertidal deposits, and peat. Unconsolidated materials are generally less than 10 feet thick except in well-drained glacial deposits along the Seldovia-Jakolof Bay Road and in depressions in the bedrock surface. These depressions are poorly drained and commonly contain peat bogs. Development of domestic wells (1-15 gallons per minute) may be possible from unconsolidated materials and sedimentary bedrock, but larger water requirements must be met from surface-water sources. In areas having the water table or top of bedrock at shallow depths, effluent from sewage disposal systems may cause pollution of the land surface and nearby surface water. Seepage from hillside aquifers and unstable land along the coast of Kachemak Bay may adversely affect roads and structures. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80952","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.L., and Danskin, W.R., 1980, Hydrogeology of the Seldovia area, Alaska (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-952, 1 map ;63 x 35 cm., in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80952.","productDescription":"1 map ;63 x 35 cm., in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108085,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11840.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11840"},{"id":156318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":53215,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0952/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53216,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0952/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614d21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Gordon L.","contributorId":55443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40769,"text":"ofr80297 - 1980 - Description and preliminary map of airborne electromagnetic survey of parts of Iron, Baraga, and Dickinson Counties, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T19:15:54.211888","indexId":"ofr80297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-297","title":"Description and preliminary map of airborne electromagnetic survey of parts of Iron, Baraga, and Dickinson Counties, Michigan","docAbstract":"The data presented herein is from an airborne electromagnetic INPUT* survey conducted by Geoterrex Limited of Canada for the U.S. Geological Survey. The survey area is located in the central part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, within parts of Iron, Baraga, and Dickinson Counties. The general area covered is between 46°00' and 46°30' latitude and 88°00' and 88°30' longitude (fig. 1).
The INPUT survey was flown as part of a U.S. Geological Survey CUSMAP (Conterminous United States Mineral Appraisal Program) project focusing on the Iron River 2° quadrangle. The survey was flown in order to provide geophysical information which will aid in an integrated geological assessment of mineral potentials of this part of the Iron River 2 quadrangle. The flight-line spacing was chosen to maximize the aerial coverage without a loss of resolution of major lithologic and structural features.
East-west flight lines were flown 400 feet above ground at 1/2-mile intervals. Aerial photos were used for navigation and the flight path was recorded on continuous-strip film. A continuously recording total field ground magnetic station was used to monitor variations in the Earth's magnetic field. One north-south line was flown to provide a tie for the magnetic data which was recorded simultaneously with the electromagnetic data by a sensor mounted in the tail of the aircraft.
This report is one of two open-file reports. The map in the present report contains locations of the fiducial points, the flight lines, and preliminary locations of anomalies and conductive zones, all plotted on an air photomosaic. The latitude and longitude ticks marked on this map are only approximate due to distortion in air photos used to recover the flight line position. This map is preliminary and is not to be considered a final interpretation. The other report (Reran and Smith, 1980) contains a description of the instrument specifications, a copy of the ground station magnetic data, and a microfilm record of the electromagnetic and magnetic data, with reference to the digital data of the flight records. The purpose of two reports is to make the analog and digital records available separate from the anomaly map.
The following sections on the general description of the INPUT system are abridged from a typical interpretation report prepared by Geoterrex Limited of Ottawa, Canada for the U.S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80297","usgsCitation":"Heran, W.D., and Smith, B.D., 1980, Description and preliminary map of airborne electromagnetic survey of parts of Iron, Baraga, and Dickinson Counties, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-297, Report: ii, 9 p.; 1 Plate: 34.41 x 41.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80297.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 9 p.; 1 Plate: 34.41 x 41.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":78082,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0297/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78083,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0297/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":390287,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11598.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Baraga County, Dickinson County, Iron County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.5,\n 46.031\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 46.031\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 46.453\n ],\n [\n -88.5,\n 46.453\n ],\n [\n -88.5,\n 46.031\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heran, William D. wheran@usgs.gov","contributorId":2246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heran","given":"William","email":"wheran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":223920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40770,"text":"ofr791408 - 1980 - Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rattlesnake Mesa Quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:54","indexId":"ofr791408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1408","title":"Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rattlesnake Mesa Quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr791408","usgsCitation":"Dames & Moore, 1980, Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rattlesnake Mesa Quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1408, 3 maps and 1 data sheet ;58 x 45 cm.; 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791408.","productDescription":"3 maps and 1 data sheet ;58 x 45 cm.; 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1408/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":78084,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1408/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78085,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1408/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78086,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1408/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78087,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1408/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78088,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6b0409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dames & Moore","contributorId":127975,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Dames & Moore","id":530402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40806,"text":"ofr801280 - 1980 - Potentiometric surface of the Floridan Aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District, September 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:09","indexId":"ofr801280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1280","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Floridan Aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District, September 1980","docAbstract":"A September 1980 potentiometric-surface map of the Southwest Florida Water Management District depicts the annual high water-level period. Potentiometric levels rose 1 to 31 feet between May 1980 and September 1980 in the citrus and farming sections of southern Hillsborough, northern Hardee, southwestern Polk, northwestern DeSoto, and Manatee Counties. Water levels in these areas are widely affected by reduced pumping for irrigation and have the greatest range in fluctuations. Generally, potentiometric levels were lower than previous September levels except in Citrus, eastern Levy, and western Marion Counties where levels were 0 to 8 feet higher. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr801280","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., Woodham, W.M., and Schiner, G.R., 1980, Potentiometric surface of the Floridan Aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District, September 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1280, 1 map ;79 x 56 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801280.","productDescription":"1 map ;79 x 56 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":78690,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1280/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682fc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodham, W. M.","contributorId":72356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodham","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schiner, George R.","contributorId":22743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiner","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":40809,"text":"ofr80212 - 1980 - Preliminary geologic map and coal resources of the Holmes Ranch Quadrangle, Big Horn County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:11","indexId":"ofr80212","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-212","title":"Preliminary geologic map and coal resources of the Holmes Ranch Quadrangle, Big Horn County, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr80212","usgsCitation":"Doelger, N.E., and Fahy, J.W., 1980, Preliminary geologic map and coal resources of the Holmes Ranch Quadrangle, Big Horn County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-212, 1 map ;58 x 42 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80212.","productDescription":"1 map ;58 x 42 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108026,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11556.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11556"},{"id":176407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":78693,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0212/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78694,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0212/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c2a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doelger, Nancy E.","contributorId":75214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doelger","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fahy, Juliana Waring","contributorId":64326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahy","given":"Juliana","email":"","middleInitial":"Waring","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40825,"text":"ofr80547 - 1980 - Preliminary geologic map of the Clayton Quadrangle, Contra Costa County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:54","indexId":"ofr80547","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-547","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Clayton Quadrangle, Contra Costa County, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr80547","usgsCitation":"Dibblee, T.W., 1980, Preliminary geologic map of the Clayton Quadrangle, Contra Costa County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-547, 1 map ;58 x 46 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80547.","productDescription":"1 map ;58 x 46 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101888,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_144.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"144"},{"id":167985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":78700,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0547/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bb87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dibblee, T. W. 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This valley was formerly filled by McCarty Glacier, which began a drastic retreat shortly after 1909; the glacier reached shallow water at the head of the fiord around 1960. The relative rate of retreat in deep water and on land is disclosed by the slower melting of stagnent ice left in a side valley. Soundings and profiles show the main channel to extend to a depth as great as 957 feet and to have the typical ' U ' shape of a glacier-eroded valley; since the glacier 's retreat, sediments have formed a nearly level deposit in the deepest part of the fiord. Old forest debris dated by carbon-14 indicates that a neoglacial advance of the glacier began before 3,395 years B.P. (before present); by 1,500 B.P. the glacier filled most of the fiord, and before the glacier culminated its advance around 1860 , two glacier-dammed lakes were formed in side valleys. 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the Mission Canyon and Lodgepole limestones and equivalent rocks of Mississippian age in the Northern Great Plains of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"A potentiometric-surface map showing freshwater heads for the Mission Canyon and Lodgepole Limestones of Mississippian age has been prepared as part of a study to determine the water-resources potential of the Mississippian Madison Limestone and associated rocks in the Northern Great Plains of Montana, North and South Dakota, and Wyoming. Most of the data used to prepare the map are from drill-stem tests of exploration and development wells drilled by the petroleum industry from 1946 to 1978. Some data are also from cased oil wells, water-production wells, and springs. A short explanation describes the seven categories of reliability used to evaluate the drill-stem-test data and identifies several factors that might explain the apparent anomalous highs and lows on the potentiometric surface. The map is at a scale of 1:1,000,000 and the potentiometric contour intervals are 100, 200, and 500 feet. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr80729","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., and Strausz, S., 1980, Preliminary map showing freshwater heads for the Mission Canyon and Lodgepole limestones and equivalent rocks of Mississippian age in the Northern Great Plains of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-729, 1 map ;78 x 88 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80729.","productDescription":"1 map ;78 x 88 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80201,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0729/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. Roger","contributorId":60191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strausz, S.A.","contributorId":70838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strausz","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40892,"text":"ofr801068 - 1980 - Preliminary free-air gravity map, Norton Basin, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":40892,"text":"ofr801068 - 1980 - Preliminary free-air gravity map, Norton Basin, Alaska","indexId":"ofr801068","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary free-air gravity map, Norton Basin, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":59502,"text":"mf1460 - 1982 - Free-air gravity map, Norton Basin, Alaska","indexId":"mf1460","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Free-air gravity map, Norton Basin, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":59502,"text":"mf1460 - 1982 - Free-air gravity map, Norton Basin, Alaska","indexId":"mf1460","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Free-air gravity map, Norton Basin, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T18:55:33.289672","indexId":"ofr801068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1068","title":"Preliminary free-air gravity map, Norton Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"Gravity data shown here were measured with LaCoste and Romberg sea gravimeter S-53 mounted on a 3 axis inertial platform (LaCoste and others, 1967, Valiant and LaCoste, 1976). Primary navigation was by satellite, integrated with course and speed measurements from doppler sonar and gyrocompass. Gravity data were filtered prior to recording with a four-minute averaging filter to remove high frequency effects of ship motion and with an 84 minute notch filter to remove Schubert-period oscillations. The gravity computer applied a correction for \"inherent\" cross coupling error (LaCoste and others, 1967).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801068","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., McClellan, P., Holmes, M., and Childs, J., 1980, Preliminary free-air gravity map, Norton Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1068, 1 Plate: 51.45 x 31.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801068.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 51.45 x 31.64 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1068/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1068/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Mercator Projection","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Norton Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.72832003574325,\n 64.70532894295206\n ],\n [\n -164.72832003574325,\n 63.40919873935047\n ],\n [\n -160.3567456142752,\n 63.40919873935047\n ],\n [\n -160.3567456142752,\n 64.70532894295206\n ],\n [\n -164.72832003574325,\n 64.70532894295206\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":224123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClellan, P.H.","contributorId":62611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClellan","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, M.L.","contributorId":89528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Childs, J.R.","contributorId":63011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":42463,"text":"ofr80307 - 1980 - Reconnaissance geologic map of basement rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada (north to 35 degrees 30')","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42463,"text":"ofr80307 - 1980 - Reconnaissance geologic map of basement rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada (north to 35 degrees 30')","indexId":"ofr80307","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of basement rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada (north to 35 degrees 30')"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38499,"text":"pp1381 - 1989 - The metamorphic and plutonic rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada, California, and their tectonic framework","indexId":"pp1381","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"The metamorphic and plutonic rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada, California, and their tectonic framework"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38499,"text":"pp1381 - 1989 - The metamorphic and plutonic rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada, California, and their tectonic framework","indexId":"pp1381","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"The metamorphic and plutonic rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada, California, and their tectonic framework"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-24T18:55:39.760784","indexId":"ofr80307","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-307","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of basement rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada (north to 35 degrees 30')","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80307","usgsCitation":"Ross, D.C., 1980, Reconnaissance geologic map of basement rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada (north to 35 degrees 30'): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-307, 2 Plates: 41.25 x 33.18 inches and 45.25 x 33.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80307.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 41.25 x 33.18 inches and 45.25 x 33.36 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0307/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397542,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0307/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0307/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southernmost Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 34.488447837809304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Donald C.","contributorId":146987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24082,"text":"ofr80777 - 1980 - U.S. Geological Survey uranium and thorium research assessment and exploration research program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr80777","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-777","title":"U.S. Geological Survey uranium and thorium research assessment and exploration research program","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80777","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Offield, T.W., 1980, U.S. Geological Survey uranium and thorium research assessment and exploration research program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-777, ii, 60 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80777.","productDescription":"ii, 60 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0777/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0777/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Offield, Terry W.","contributorId":15196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Offield","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24085,"text":"ofr80522 - 1980 - Initial report of the petrophysics laboratory; 1977-1979 addendum","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24085,"text":"ofr80522 - 1980 - Initial report of the petrophysics laboratory; 1977-1979 addendum","indexId":"ofr80522","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Initial report of the petrophysics laboratory; 1977-1979 addendum"},"predicate":"IS_ADDENDUM_TO","object":{"id":4331,"text":"cir789 - 1979 - Initial report of the Petrophysics Laboratory","indexId":"cir789","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Initial report of the Petrophysics Laboratory"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-20T15:03:22.810347","indexId":"ofr80522","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-522","title":"Initial report of the petrophysics laboratory; 1977-1979 addendum","docAbstract":"From the time the author-copy of Circular 789 (Hunt and others, 1979) was prepared until it first appeared in print, significant changes occurred in the Petrophysics Laboratory. To update that report, this open-file report will briefly summarize more recent acquisitions and facilities changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80522","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Olhoeft, G.R., 1980, Initial report of the petrophysics laboratory; 1977-1979 addendum: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-522, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80522.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":275927,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0522/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0522/report-thumb.jpg"}],"isAddendumTo":{"id":4331,"text":"cir789 - 1979 - Initial report of the Petrophysics Laboratory","indexId":"cir789","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Initial report of the Petrophysics Laboratory"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66da2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olhoeft, Gary R.","contributorId":27879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olhoeft","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24105,"text":"ofr80991 - 1980 - Anomalous uranium and thorium associated with a granitic facies of the Bottle Lake Quartz Monzonite, Tomah Mountain area, eastern Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr80991","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-991","title":"Anomalous uranium and thorium associated with a granitic facies of the Bottle Lake Quartz Monzonite, Tomah Mountain area, eastern Maine","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80991","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Nowlan, G.A., and Ficklin, W.H., 1980, Anomalous uranium and thorium associated with a granitic facies of the Bottle Lake Quartz Monzonite, Tomah Mountain area, eastern Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-991, ii, 18 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80991.","productDescription":"ii, 18 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0991/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0991/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b6fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowlan, Gary A.","contributorId":77789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlan","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ficklin, Walter H.","contributorId":52565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ficklin","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":40911,"text":"ofr80893 - 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80893","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1980, Preliminary distribution of molybdenum in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° by 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-893, 3 Plates: 33.93 x 21.85 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80893.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 33.93 x 21.85 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397176,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0893/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397175,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0893/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397174,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0893/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0893/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":397141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11817.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° by 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. 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