Seagrass meadows provide numerous ecosystem services and their rapid global loss may reduce human welfare as well as ecological integrity. In common with the other ‘blue carbon’ habitats (mangroves and tidal marshes) seagrasses are thought to provide coastal defence and encourage sediment stabilisation and surface elevation. A sophisticated understanding of sediment elevation dynamics in mangroves and tidal marshes has been gained by monitoring a wide range of different sites, located in varying hydrogeomorphological conditions over long periods. In contrast, similar evidence for seagrasses is sparse; the present study is a contribution towards filling this gap. Surface elevation change pins were deployed in four locations, Scotland, Kenya, Tanzania and Saudi Arabia, in both seagrass and unvegetated control plots in the low intertidal and shallow subtidal zone. The presence of seagrass had a highly significant, positive impact on surface elevation at all sites. Combined data from the current work and the literature show an average difference of 31 mm per year in elevation rates between vegetated and unvegetated areas, which emphasizes the important contribution of seagrass in facilitating sediment surface elevation and reducing erosion. This paper presents the first multi-site study for sediment surface elevation in seagrasses in different settings and species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-12354-y","usgsCitation":"Potouroglou, M., Bull, J., Krauss, K.W., Kennedy, H.A., Fusi, M., Daffonchio, D., Mangora, M.M., Githaiga, M.N., Diele, K., and Huxham, M., 2017, Measuring the role of seagrasses in regulating sediment surface elevation: Scientific Reports, v. 7, Article 11917; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12354-y.","productDescription":"Article 11917; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-087014","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12354-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Tanzania","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette 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0000-0001-7433-2487","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7433-2487","contributorId":196634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fusi","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34657,"text":"Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Daffonchio, Daniele 0000-0003-0947-925X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-925X","contributorId":196635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daffonchio","given":"Daniele","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34657,"text":"Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mangora, Mwita M.","contributorId":196636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangora","given":"Mwita","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34658,"text":"Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Githaiga, Michael N.","contributorId":196639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Githaiga","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":34659,"text":"School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34666,"text":"Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), Mombasa, Kenya","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Diele, Karen","contributorId":196637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diele","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34667,"text":"St Abbs Marine Station, The Harbour, St Abbs, UK","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34659,"text":"School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Huxham, Mark","contributorId":196638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxham","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34659,"text":"School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70191017,"text":"70191017 - 2017 - Pitted terrains on (1) Ceres and implications for shallow subsurface volatile distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-21T12:43:02","indexId":"70191017","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pitted terrains on (1) Ceres and implications for shallow subsurface volatile distribution","docAbstract":"Prior to the arrival of the Dawn spacecraft at Ceres, the dwarf planet was anticipated to be ice-rich. Searches for morphological features related to ice have been ongoing during Dawn's mission at Ceres. Here we report the identification of pitted terrains associated with fresh Cerean impact craters. The Cerean pitted terrains exhibit strong morphological similarities to pitted materials previously identified on Mars (where ice is implicated in pit development) and Vesta (where the presence of ice is debated). We employ numerical models to investigate the formation of pitted materials on Ceres and discuss the relative importance of water ice and other volatiles in pit development there. We conclude that water ice likely plays an important role in pit development on Ceres. Similar pitted terrains may be common in the asteroid belt and may be of interest to future missions motivated by both astrobiology and in situ resource utilization.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2017GL073970","usgsCitation":"Sizemore, H., Platz, T., Schorghofer, N., Prettyman, T., De Sanctis, M., Crown, D.A., Schmedemann, N., Nessemann, A., Kneissl, T., Marchi, S., Schenk, P.M., Bland, M.T., Schmidt, B., Hughson, K.H., Tosi, F., Zambon, F., Mest, S., Yingst, R., Williams, D., Russell, C., and Raymond, C., 2017, Pitted terrains on (1) Ceres and implications for shallow subsurface volatile distribution: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 13, p. 6570-6578, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073970.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6570","endPage":"6578","ipdsId":"IP-082076","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ec60cdecbc24e7faac0fa4f772ddd6c","text":"Publisher Index 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for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schorghofer, Norbert","contributorId":196619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schorghofer","given":"Norbert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24732,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prettyman, Thomas","contributorId":196620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prettyman","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De Sanctis, Maria Christina","contributorId":196621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Sanctis","given":"Maria Christina","affiliations":[{"id":34654,"text":"Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crown, David A.","contributorId":196622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24732,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmedemann, Nico","contributorId":196623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmedemann","given":"Nico","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34669,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nessemann, 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Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Russell, C.T.","contributorId":32275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33607,"text":"University of California Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Raymond, C.A.","contributorId":50301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 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Vocalization relative to visual detection rates of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T08:28:18","indexId":"70191018","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Do you hear what I see? Vocalization relative to visual detection rates of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus)","title":"Do you hear what I see? Vocalization relative to visual detection rates of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus)","docAbstract":"Bats vocalize during flight as part of the sensory modality called echolocation, but very little is known about whether flying bats consistently call. Occasional vocal silence during flight when bats approach prey or conspecifics has been documented for relatively few species and situations. Bats flying alone in clutter-free airspace are not known to forgo vocalization, yet prior observations suggested possible silent behavior in certain, unexpected situations. Determining when, why, and where silent behavior occurs in bats will help evaluate major assumptions of a primary monitoring method for bats used in ecological research, management, and conservation. In this study, we recorded flight activity of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) under seminatural conditions using both thermal video cameras and acoustic detectors. Simultaneous video and audio recordings from 20 nights of observation at 10 sites were analyzed for correspondence between detection methods, with a focus on video observations in three distance categories for which accompanying vocalizations were detected. Comparison of video and audio detections revealed that a high proportion of Hawaiian hoary bats “seen” on video were not simultaneously “heard.” On average, only about one in three visual detections within a night had an accompanying call detection, but this varied greatly among nights. Bats flying on curved flight paths and individuals nearer the cameras were more likely to be detected by both methods. Feeding and social calls were detected, but no clear pattern emerged from the small number of observations involving closely interacting bats. These results may indicate that flying Hawaiian hoary bats often forgo echolocation, or do not always vocalize in a way that is detectable with common sampling and monitoring methods. Possible reasons for the low correspondence between visual and acoustic detections range from methodological to biological and include a number of biases associated with the propagation and detection of sound, cryptic foraging strategies, or conspecific presence. Silent flight behavior may be more prevalent in echolocating bats than previously appreciated, has profound implications for ecological research, and deserves further characterization and study.
This study presents new data-driven, annual estimates of the division of precipitation into the recharge, quick-flow runoff, and evapotranspiration (ET) water budget components for 2000-2013 for the contiguous United States (CONUS). The algorithms used to produce these maps ensure water budget consistency over this broad spatial scale, with contributions from precipitation influx attributed to each component at 800 m resolution. The quick-flow runoff estimates for the contribution to the rapidly varying portion of the hydrograph are produced using data from 1,434 gaged watersheds, and depend on precipitation, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and surficial geology type. Evapotranspiration estimates are produced from a regression using water balance data from 679 gaged watersheds and depend on land cover, temperature, and precipitation. The quick-flow and ET estimates are combined to calculate recharge as the remainder of precipitation. The ET and recharge estimates are checked against independent field data, and the results show good agreement. Comparisons of recharge estimates with groundwater extraction data show that in 15% of the country, groundwater is being extracted at rates higher than the local recharge. These maps of the internally consistent water budget components of recharge, quick-flow runoff, and ET, being derived from and tested against data, are expected to provide reliable first-order estimates of these quantities across the CONUS, even where field measurements are sparse.
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Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cazenas, J.","contributorId":196649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cazenas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190099,"text":"sir20175086 - 2017 - Multiple-source tracking: Investigating sources of pathogens, nutrients, and sediment in the Upper Little River Basin, Kentucky, water years 2013–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-21T14:16:10","indexId":"sir20175086","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5086","title":"Multiple-source tracking: Investigating sources of pathogens, nutrients, and sediment in the Upper Little River Basin, Kentucky, water years 2013–14","docAbstract":"The South Fork Little River (SFLR) and the North Fork Little River (NFLR) are two major headwater tributaries that flow into the Little River just south of Hopkinsville, Kentucky. Both tributaries are included in those water bodies in Kentucky and across the Nation that have been reported with declining water quality. Each tributary has been listed by the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet—Kentucky Division of Water in the 303(d) List of Waters for Kentucky Report to Congress as impaired by nutrients, pathogens, and sediment for contact recreation from point and nonpoint sources since 2002. In 2009, the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet—Kentucky Division of Water developed a pathogen total maximum daily load (TMDL) for the Little River Basin including the SFLR and NFLR Basins. Future nutrient and suspended-sediment TMDLs are planned once nutrient criteria and suspended-sediment protocols have been developed for Kentucky. In this study, different approaches were used to identify potential sources of fecal-indicator bacteria (FIB), nitrate, and suspended sediment; to inform the TMDL process; and to aid in the implementation of effective watershed-management activities. The main focus of source identification was in the SFLR Basin.
To begin understanding the potential sources of fecal contamination, samples were collected at 19 sites for densities of FIB (E. coli) in water and fluvial sediment and at 11 sites for Bacteroidales genetic markers (General AllBac, human HF183, ruminant BoBac, canid BacCan, and waterfowl GFD) during the recreational season (May through October) in 2013 and 2014. Results indicated 34 percent of all E. coli water samples (n=227 samples) did not meet the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2012 recommended national criteria for primary recreational waters. No criterion currently exists for E. coli in fluvial sediment. By use of the Spearman’s rank correlation test, densities of FIB in fluvial sediments were observed to have a statistically significant positive correlation with drainage area. As drainage area increased, so did the densities of FIB in the fluvial sediments. There was no statistically significant correlation between drainage area and FIB in water. The human-associated marker (HF183) was found above the detection limit in 26 percent of the samples (n=120 samples); a higher proportion of positive samples was in the NFLR Basin. The ruminant-associated marker (BoBac) was above the detection limit in 65 percent of samples; a higher proportion of positive samples was in the headwaters of the SFLR Basin.
Nutrient yields differed between the SFLR and NFLR Basins. Comparatively, the SFLR Basin produced the largest estimated mean yields of total nitrogen (16,000 pounds per year per square mile (lb/yr/mi2) and nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen (12,500 lb/yr/mi2), and the NFLR Basin produced the largest estimated mean yields of ammonia plus organic nitrogen (4,700 lb/yr/mi2), total phosphorus (1,100 lb/yr/mi2), and orthophosphorus (590 lb/yr/mi2).
Nitrate sources in surface water were assessed in both basins using dual-nitrate isotope (nitrogen and oxygen) ratios. Data from the different land uses in the SFLR Basin showed differences in nitrate concentrations and overlapping, but moderately distinct, isotopic signatures. Predominantly forested sites consistently had low nitrate concentrations (median = 0.233 milligrams per liter) with minimal variability, and agricultural sites had the highest nitrate concentrations (median = 7.55 milligrams per liter) with the greatest variability. The median nitrate concentration for sites with mixed land use was 2.66 milligrams per liter. Dual-isotope data for forested sites plotted within ranges characteristic of soil-derived nitrate with possible but minimal influence from recycled atmospheric nitrate. Ranges of dual-isotope data for sites with agricultural and mixed land uses were characteristic of possible mixtures of chemical fertilizer, soil-derived nitrate, and manure and septic wastes. In the NFLR Basin, a positive linear relation was observed between nitrate concentrations and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15NNO3) (R2=0.56; p-value <0.001) that potentially suggests the NFLR Basin has a higher proportion of δ15NNO3-enriched sources, such as manure and sewage. However, mixing of other nitrate-derived sources cannot be excluded, because many values of δ15NNO3 and concentrations of nitrate showed minimal variation and plotted within dual-nitrate isotope ranges characteristic of fertilizer and soil-derived nitrate sources.
A sediment-fingerprinting approach was used to quantify the relative contribution of four upland sources in the SFLR Basin (agricultural, pasture, riparian/forest, and streambank) to understand how land management affects suspended-sediment concentration. Carbon isotope ratios (δ13C), together with calcium and carbon concentrations, were the best indicators of sediment source; the uncertainty was less than 11 percent. Fine-sediment samples collected at the SFLR Basin outlet indicated streambanks as the largest source of the fine sediment to the stream followed by cropland and riparian/forest-source areas, respectively; pasture was a minor contributing source. Streambanks and cropland were essentially equal contributors of fine sediment at the NFLR Basin outlet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Little River Water-Quality Consortium ","usgsCitation":"Crain, A.S., Cherry, M.A., Williamson, T.N., and Bunch, A.R., 2017, Multiple-source tracking—Investigating sources of pathogens, nutrients, and sediment in the Upper Little River Basin, Kentucky, water years 2013–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5086, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175086.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 60 p; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070254","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345723,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZS2TPW","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release"},{"id":345721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5086/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":345722,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5086/sir20175086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Upper Little River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.35023498535156,\n 36.96086580957587\n ],\n [\n -87.396240234375,\n 36.96799807635307\n ],\n [\n -87.44361877441406,\n 36.9800665440453\n ],\n [\n -87.46147155761719,\n 36.98390610968992\n ],\n [\n -87.48275756835938,\n 36.97842095659727\n ],\n [\n -87.48619079589842,\n 36.97128966642495\n ],\n [\n -87.48893737792969,\n 36.96306042436515\n ],\n [\n -87.50198364257811,\n 36.953732874654285\n ],\n [\n -87.51983642578125,\n 36.958671131530316\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 36.96031714599471\n ],\n [\n -87.54798889160156,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -87.53768920898438,\n 36.93507434788673\n ],\n [\n -87.52326965332031,\n 36.91421529335739\n ],\n [\n -87.50404357910156,\n 36.87797284779547\n ],\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 36.85874638670163\n ],\n [\n -87.56240844726562,\n 36.81862991458789\n ],\n [\n -87.58163452148438,\n 36.773542488140684\n ],\n [\n -87.68531799316406,\n 36.78839127856239\n ],\n [\n -87.76496887207031,\n 36.835118682834256\n ],\n [\n -87.80479431152344,\n 36.8549005138863\n ],\n [\n -87.7862548828125,\n 36.872480066931246\n ],\n [\n -87.78350830078125,\n 36.88126832670563\n ],\n [\n -87.80136108398438,\n 36.88511287236025\n ],\n [\n -87.84049987792969,\n 36.89005557519409\n ],\n [\n -87.86727905273438,\n 36.88126832670563\n ],\n [\n -87.89199829101561,\n 36.89444882017788\n ],\n [\n -87.91328430175781,\n 36.91256828285194\n ],\n [\n -87.93594360351562,\n 36.92135192790115\n ],\n [\n -87.96272277832031,\n 36.887309668681155\n ],\n [\n -87.97920227050781,\n 36.8614933202301\n ],\n [\n -87.96821594238281,\n 36.84061414925051\n ],\n [\n -87.95173645019531,\n 36.829622821570254\n ],\n [\n -87.87071228027344,\n 36.8021375933119\n ],\n [\n -87.83226013183594,\n 36.793340236044536\n ],\n [\n -87.80616760253905,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -87.79312133789062,\n 36.75153899262323\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -87.72239685058594,\n 36.679433365517774\n ],\n [\n -87.66952514648438,\n 36.677230602346214\n ],\n [\n -87.61940002441405,\n 36.6843893520368\n ],\n [\n -87.57545471191406,\n 36.70200805115167\n ],\n [\n -87.51846313476562,\n 36.71962271257377\n ],\n [\n -87.47383117675781,\n 36.72457610850295\n ],\n [\n -87.40310668945312,\n 36.73393165140215\n ],\n [\n -87.37564086914062,\n 36.72952918496946\n ],\n [\n -87.37770080566405,\n 36.74988847598359\n ],\n [\n -87.38388061523438,\n 36.76474184748192\n ],\n [\n -87.37632751464844,\n 36.78124222006408\n ],\n [\n -87.35710144042969,\n 36.804886560237236\n ],\n [\n -87.34542846679688,\n 36.8087349481474\n ],\n [\n -87.33100891113281,\n 36.82632511529416\n ],\n [\n -87.3358154296875,\n 36.83127162140714\n ],\n [\n -87.32414245605469,\n 36.84336173438382\n ],\n [\n -87.308349609375,\n 36.85380165753812\n ],\n [\n -87.29736328125,\n 36.86698689106877\n ],\n [\n -87.26715087890625,\n 36.88950640179281\n ],\n [\n -87.2589111328125,\n 36.910372213522535\n ],\n [\n -87.29598999023438,\n 36.9400138143685\n ],\n [\n -87.35023498535156,\n 36.96086580957587\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
9818 Bluegrass Parkway
Louisville, KY 40299
The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) population in North America has sharply declined over the last two decades. Despite rising concern over the monarch butterfly's status, no comprehensive study of the factors driving this decline has been conducted. Using partial least-squares regressions and time-series analysis, we investigated climatic and habitat-related factors influencing monarch population size from 1993 to 2014. Potential threats included climatic factors, habitat loss (milkweed and overwinter forest), disease and agricultural insecticide use (neonicotinoids). While climatic factors, principally breeding season temperature, were important determinants of annual variation in abundance, our results indicated strong negative relationships between population size and habitat loss variables, principally glyphosate use, but also weaker negative effects from the loss of overwinter forest and breeding season use of neonicotinoids. Further declines in population size because of glyphosate application are not expected. Thus, if remaining threats to habitat are mitigated we expect climate-induced stochastic variation of the eastern migratory population of monarch butterfly around a relatively stationary population size.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rsos.170760","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W.E., Wiederholt, R., Oberhauser, K., Drum, R.G., Diffendorfer, J.E., Altizer, S., Taylor, O.R., Pleasants, J.M., Semmens, D.J., Semmens, B.X., Erickson, R.A., Libby, K., and Lopez-Hoffman, L., 2017, Monarch butterfly population decline in North America: identifying the threatening processes: Royal Society Open Science, v. 4, 170760, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170760.","productDescription":"170760, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-089094","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170760","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d744a0e4b05fe04cc7e30b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiederholt, Ruscena","contributorId":149125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiederholt","given":"Ruscena","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oberhauser, Karen","contributorId":191431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberhauser","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drum, Ryan G.","contributorId":171941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drum","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diffendorfer, Jay E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":55137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"Jay","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":711948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Altizer, Sonia","contributorId":195669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Altizer","given":"Sonia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, Orley R.","contributorId":191432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Orley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":28093,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pleasants, John M.","contributorId":195449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pleasants","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Semmens, Brice X.","contributorId":149775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Semmens","given":"Brice","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[{"id":17820,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Libby, Kaitlin","contributorId":195670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Libby","given":"Kaitlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lopez-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":149127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":17654,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment and Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70190978,"text":"70190978 - 2017 - Isolation and characterization of the fall Chinook aquareovirus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T10:34:25","indexId":"70190978","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3697,"text":"Virology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and characterization of the fall Chinook aquareovirus","docAbstract":"Background
Salmon are paramount to the economy, ecology, and history of the Pacific Northwest. Viruses constitute one of the major threats to salmon health and well-being, with more than twenty known virus species that infect salmon. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the fall Chinook aquareovirus, a divergent member of the species Aquareovirus B within the family Reoviridae.
Methods
The virus was first found in 2014 as part of a routine adult broodstock screening program in which kidney and spleen tissue samples from healthy-appearing, adult fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to a hatchery in Washington State produced cytopathic effects when inoculated onto a Chinook salmon embryo cell line (CHSE-214). The virus was not able to be confirmed by an RT-PCR assay using existing aquareovirus pan-species primers, and instead was identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing was used to recover the full genome and completed using 3′ RACE.
Results
The genome of the fall Chinook aquareovirus contains 11 segments of double-stranded RNA totaling 23.3 kb, with each segment flanked by the canonical sequence termini found in the aquareoviruses. Sequence comparisons and a phylogenetic analysis revealed a nucleotide identity of 63.2% in the VP7 gene with the Green River Chinook virus, placing the new isolate in the species Aquareovirus B. A qRT-PCR assay was developed targeting the VP2, which showed rapid growth of the isolate during the initial 5 days in culture using CHSE-214 cells.
Conclusions
This sequence represents the first complete genome of an Aquareovirus B species. Future studies will be required to understand the potential pathogenicity and epidemiology of the fall Chinook aquareovirus.
This study integrates push-pull tracer tests (PPTT) with microbial characterization of extracted water via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reverse transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR) of selected functional N transformation genes to quantify nitrate reduction mechanisms and rates in sites with different redox potential in a karst aquifer. PPTT treatments with nitrate (AN) and nitrate-fumarate (ANC) were executed in two wells representing anoxic and oxic geochemical end-members. Oxic aquifer zero-order nitrate loss rates (mmol L−1 h−1) were similar for AN and ANC treatment, ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.05 ± 0.01. Anoxic aquifer zero-order nitrate loss rates ranged from 0.03 ± 0.02 (AN) to 0.13 ± 0.02 (ANC). Microbial characterization indicates mechanisms influencing these rates were dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) at the anoxic site with AN treatment, assimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium (ANRA) with ANC treatment in the water column at both sites, and additional documented nitrate reduction that occurred in unsampled biofilms. With carbon treatment, total numbers of microbes (16S rRNA genes) significantly increased (fourteenfold to thirtyfold), supporting stimulated growth with resulting ANRA. Decreased DNRA gene concentrations (nrfA DNA) and increased DNRA activity ratio (nrfA-cDNA/DNA) supported the assertion that DNRA occurred in the anoxic zone with AN and ANC treatment. Furthermore, decreased DNRA gene copy numbers at the anoxic site with ANC treatment suggests that DNRA microbes in the anoxic site are chemolithoautotrophic. Increased RT-qPCR denitrification gene expression (nirK and nirS) was not observed in water samples, supporting that any observed NO3-N loss due to denitrification may be occurring in unsampled microbial biofilms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2016JG003463","usgsCitation":"Henson, W.R., Huang, L., Graham, W.D., and Ogram, A., 2017, Nitrate reduction mechanisms and rates in an unconfined eogenetic karst aquifer in two sites with different redox potential: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 122, no. 5, p. 1062-1077, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003463.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1062","endPage":"1077","ipdsId":"IP-073069","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jg003463","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"122","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c37e38e4b091459a6316ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henson, Wesley R. 0000-0003-4962-5565 whenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-5565","contributorId":384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henson","given":"Wesley","email":"whenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Laibin","contributorId":196586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Laibin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12558,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Wendy D.","contributorId":196587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12558,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ogram, Andrew","contributorId":173041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogram","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12558,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190179,"text":"sir20175090 - 2017 - Water-level trends and potentiometric surfaces in the Nacatoch Aquifer in northeastern and southwestern Arkansas and in the Tokio Aquifer in southwestern Arkansas, 2014–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T10:33:20","indexId":"sir20175090","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5090","title":"Water-level trends and potentiometric surfaces in the Nacatoch Aquifer in northeastern and southwestern Arkansas and in the Tokio Aquifer in southwestern Arkansas, 2014–15","docAbstract":"The Nacatoch Sand in northeastern and southwestern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas are sources of groundwater for agricultural, domestic, industrial, and public use. Water-level altitudes measured in 51 wells completed in the Nacatoch Sand and 42 wells completed in the Tokio Formation during 2014 and 2015 were used to create potentiometric-surface maps of the two areas. Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation are hereafter referred to as the Nacatoch aquifer and the Tokio aquifer, respectively.
Potentiometric surfaces show that groundwater in the Nacatoch aquifer flows southeast toward the Mississippi River in northeastern Arkansas. Groundwater flow direction is towards the south and southeast in Hempstead, Little River, and Nevada Counties in southwestern Arkansas. An apparent cone of depression exists in southern Clark County and likely alters groundwater flow from a regional direction toward the depression.
In southwestern Arkansas, potentiometric surfaces indicate that groundwater flow in the Tokio aquifer is towards the city of Hope. Northwest of Hope, an apparent cone of depression exists. In southwestern Pike, northwestern Nevada, and northeastern Hempstead Counties, an area of artesian flow (water levels are at or above land surface) exists.
Water-level changes in wells were identified using two methods: (1) linear regression analysis of hydrographs from select wells with a minimum of 20 years of water-level data, and (2) a direct comparison between water-level measurements from 2008 and 2014–15 at each well. Of the six hydrographs analyzed in the Nacatoch aquifer, four indicated a decline in water levels. Compared to 2008 measurements, the largest rise in water levels was 35.14 feet (ft) in a well in Clark County, whereas the largest decline was 14.76 ft in a well in Nevada County, both located in southwestern Arkansas.
Of the four hydrographs analyzed in the Tokio aquifer, one indicated a decline in water levels, while the others remained relatively unchanged. Compared to 2008 measurements, the largest rise in water levels was 21.34 ft in Hempstead County, and the largest water-level decline was 39.37 ft in Clark County. Although changes in water levels since 2008 are spatially varied; long-term trends indicate an overall decline in water levels in both aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rodgers, K.D., 2017, Water-level trends and potentiometric surfaces in the Nacatoch aquifer in northeastern and southwestern Arkansas and in the Tokio aquifer in southwestern Arkansas, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5090, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175090.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069974","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345860,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5090/sir20175090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.54 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
401 Hardin Road
Little Rock, AR 72211
Recent syntheses of phylogeographical data from terrestrial animals in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts have revealed a complex history of geologic and climatic vicariance events. We studied the phylogeography of Smeringurus vachoni to see how vicariance events may have impacted a large, endemic rock scorpion. Additionally, we used the phylogeographical data to examine the validity of two subspecies of S. vachoni that were described using unconventional morphological characters. Phylogenetic, network and SAMOVA analyses indicate that S. vachoni consists of 11 clades mostly endemic to isolated desert mountain ranges. Molecular clock estimates suggest that clades diversified between the Miocene and early Pleistocene. Species distribution models predict a contraction of suitable habitat during the last glacial maximum. Landscape interpolations and Migrate-n analyses highlight areas of gene flow across the Colorado River. Smeringurus vachoni does not comprise two subspecies. Instead, the species represents at least 11 mitochondrial clades that probably diversified by vicariance associated with Pleistocene climate changes and formation of ancient lakes along the Colorado River corridor. Gene flow appears to have occurred from west to east across the Colorado River during periodic river avulsions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blx058","usgsCitation":"Graham, M.R., Wood, D.A., Henault, J.A., Valois, Z.J., and Cushing, P.E., 2017, Ancient lakes, Pleistocene climates and river avulsions structure the phylogeography of a large but little-known rock scorpion from the Mojave and Sonoran deserts: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 122, no. 1, p. 133-146, https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blx058.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"146","ipdsId":"IP-083197","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert","volume":"122","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c37e36e4b091459a6316df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Matthew R.","contributorId":196613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34649,"text":"Eastern Connectictut State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henault, Jonathan A.","contributorId":196614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henault","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34649,"text":"Eastern Connectictut State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valois, Zachary J.","contributorId":196615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valois","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":34651,"text":"Utah Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cushing, Paula E.","contributorId":196616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cushing","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27833,"text":"Denver Museum of Nature and Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191003,"text":"70191003 - 2017 - What mediates tree mortality during drought in the southern Sierra Nevada?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-12T12:44:47","indexId":"70191003","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What mediates tree mortality during drought in the southern Sierra Nevada?","docAbstract":"Severe drought has the potential to cause selective mortality within a forest, thereby inducing shifts in forest species composition. The southern Sierra Nevada foothills and mountains of California have experienced extensive forest dieback due to drought stress and insect outbreak. We used high-fidelity imaging spectroscopy (HiFIS) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) from the Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO) to estimate the effect of forest dieback on species composition in response to drought stress in Sequoia National Park. Our aims were: (1) to quantify site-specific conditions that mediate tree mortality along an elevation gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains; (2) to assess where mortality events have a greater probability of occurring; and (3) to estimate which tree species have a greater likelihood of mortality along the elevation gradient. A series of statistical models were generated to classify species composition and identify tree mortality, and the influences of different environmental factors were spatially quantified and analyzed to assess where mortality events have a greater likelihood of occurring. A higher probability of mortality was observed in the lower portion of the elevation gradient, on southwest and west-facing slopes, in areas with shallow soils, on shallower slopes, and at greater distances from water. All of these factors are related to site water balance throughout the landscape. Our results also suggest that mortality is species-specific along the elevation gradient, mainly affecting Pinus ponderosa and Pinus lambertiana at lower elevations. Selective mortality within the forest may drive long-term shifts in community composition along the elevation gradient.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.1620","usgsCitation":"Paz-Kagan, T., Brodrick, P., Vaughn, N.R., Das, A.J., Stephenson, N.L., Nydick, K.R., and Asner, G.P., 2017, What mediates tree mortality during drought in the southern Sierra Nevada?: Ecological Applications, v. 27, no. 8, p. 2443-2457, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1620.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2443","endPage":"2457","ipdsId":"IP-085845","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","volume":"27","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c37e36e4b091459a6316e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paz-Kagan, Tarin","contributorId":196597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paz-Kagan","given":"Tarin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brodrick, Philip","contributorId":196598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brodrick","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaughn, Nicholas R.","contributorId":196599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaughn","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Das, Adrian J. 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":196600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian","email":"adas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nydick, Koren R.","contributorId":196601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nydick","given":"Koren","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Asner, Gregory P.","contributorId":25393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asner","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190992,"text":"70190992 - 2017 - Standardization and application of an index of community integrity for waterbirds in the Chesapeake Bay, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T10:07:34","indexId":"70190992","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standardization and application of an index of community integrity for waterbirds in the Chesapeake Bay, USA","docAbstract":"In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in the application of ecological indices to assess ecosystem condition in response to anthropogenic activities. An Index of Waterbird Community Integrity was previously developed for the Chesapeake Bay, USA. However, the scoring criteria were not defined well enough to generate scores for new species that were not observed in the original study. The goal of this study was to explicitly define the scoring criteria for the existing index and to develop index scores for all waterbirds of the Chesapeake Bay. The standardized index then was applied to a case study investigating the relationship between waterbird community integrity and shoreline development during late summer and late fall (2012–2014) using an alternative approach to survey methodology, which allowed for greater area coverage compared to the approach used in the original study. Index scores for both seasons were negatively related to percentage of developed shorelines. Providing these updated tools using the detailed scoring system will facilitate future application to new species or development of the index in other estuaries worldwide. This methodology allows for consistent cross-study comparisons and can be combined with other community integrity indices, allowing for more effective estuarine management.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.040.0305","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Nagel, J.L., Marban, P., Ze, L., Day, D.D., and Erwin, R., 2017, Standardization and application of an index of community integrity for waterbirds in the Chesapeake Bay, USA: Waterbirds, v. 40, no. 3, p. 233-251, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.040.0305.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"251","ipdsId":"IP-080789","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H70CZS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Standardization and Application of an Index of Community Integrity for Waterbirds in the Chesapeake Bay"},{"id":345916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.3931884765625,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -77.3931884765625,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -77.3931884765625,\n 36.76529191711624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c37e38e4b091459a6316ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagel, Jessica L. 0000-0002-4437-0324 jnagel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-0324","contributorId":3976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"Jessica","email":"jnagel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marban, Paul 0000-0002-4910-6565 pmarban@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-6565","contributorId":196581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marban","given":"Paul","email":"pmarban@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ze, Luo","contributorId":196582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ze","given":"Luo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Day, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9070-7170 dday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-7170","contributorId":3985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Daniel","email":"dday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":196583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erwin","given":"R. Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190999,"text":"70190999 - 2017 - Facultative parasitism by the bivalve Kurtiella pedroana in the sand crab Emerita analoga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T14:29:48","indexId":"70190999","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Facultative parasitism by the bivalve Kurtiella pedroana in the sand crab Emerita analoga","docAbstract":"It is rare that an organism capable of independent or commensalistic existence can also become endoparasitic on a host. In this study, we documented a potential step toward parasitism in the commensal clam Kurtiella pedroana (Bivalvia: Galeommatoidea). Galeommatoideans are known commensals of various invertebrates, including crustaceans. Emerita analoga (Decapoda: Hippidae) is an abundant intertidal decapod inhabiting sandy beaches of the Pacific coast of North and South America. Crabs collected from Monterey Bay, California, were measured and examined externally and internally for associated molluscs. Out of the 520 crabs, 37 large female individuals harbored 49 bivalves (prevalence of 7.11% and mean intensity of 1.3). Forty-one ectocommensal clams were either inside the crab's branchial chambers or on their lateroventral surfaces, and were attached by byssal threads. Our key finding was eight clams that lacked byssal threads and were living in the hemocoel. These internal clams were significantly smaller than the ectocommensals. Because these internal clams lacked access to their normal food, we hypothesize they might have fed on their host's hemolymph as would a parasite. This clam species likely can't reproduce inside its host, implying that endoparasitism is a dead-end state for K. pedroana. Facultative parasitism in a free-living or an ectocommensal is uncommon and suggests a pathway to parasitism.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/17-28","usgsCitation":"Bhaduri, R., Valentich-Scott, P., Hilgers, M., Singh, R., Hickman, M., and Lafferty, K.D., 2017, Facultative parasitism by the bivalve Kurtiella pedroana in the sand crab Emerita analoga: Journal of Parasitology, v. 103, no. 6, p. 646-651, https://doi.org/10.1645/17-28.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"651","ipdsId":"IP-082089","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c37e37e4b091459a6316e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhaduri, Ritin","contributorId":196592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhaduri","given":"Ritin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentich-Scott, Paul","contributorId":196593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valentich-Scott","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hilgers, Mark","contributorId":196594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilgers","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singh, Rajvir","contributorId":196595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Rajvir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickman, Mikaila","contributorId":196596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hickman","given":"Mikaila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191005,"text":"70191005 - 2017 - Food abundance, prey morphology, and diet specialization influence individual sea otter tool use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-25T13:38:04","indexId":"70191005","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food abundance, prey morphology, and diet specialization influence individual sea otter tool use","docAbstract":"Sea otters are well-known tool users, employing objects such as rocks or shells to break open invertebrate prey. We used a series of generalized linear mixed effect models to examine observational data on prey capture and tool use from 211 tagged individuals from 5 geographically defined study areas throughout the sea otter’s range in California. Our best supported model was able to explain 75% of the variation in the frequency of tool use by individual sea otters with only ecological and demographic variables. In one study area, where sea otter food resources were abundant, all individuals had similar diets focusing on preferred prey items and used tools at low to moderate frequencies (4–38% of prey captures). In the remaining areas, where sea otters were food-limited, individuals specialized on different subsets of the available prey and had a wider range of average tool-use frequency (0–98% of prey captures). The prevalence of difficult-to-access prey in individual diets was a major predictor of tool use and increased the likelihood of using tools on prey that were not difficult to access as well. Age, sex, and feeding habitat also contributed to the probability of tool use but to a smaller extent. We developed a conceptual model illustrating how food abundance, the prevalence of difficult-to-access prey, and individual diet specialization interacted to determine the likelihood that individual sea otters would use tools and considered the model’s relevance to other tool-using species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arx011","usgsCitation":"Fujii, J.A., Ralls, K., and Tinker, M.T., 2017, Food abundance, prey morphology, and diet specialization influence individual sea otter tool use: Behavioral Ecology, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1206-1216, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx011.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1206","endPage":"1216","ipdsId":"IP-076085","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c37e36e4b091459a6316e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujii, Jessica A. 0000-0003-4794-479X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-479X","contributorId":196602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujii","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":710896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ralls, Katherine","contributorId":37900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralls","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191013,"text":"70191013 - 2017 - Restoring tides to reduce methane emissions in impounded wetlands: A new and potent Blue Carbon climate change intervention","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T17:29:39","indexId":"70191013","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoring tides to reduce methane emissions in impounded wetlands: A new and potent Blue Carbon climate change intervention","docAbstract":"Coastal wetlands are sites of rapid carbon (C) sequestration and contain large soil C stocks. Thus, there is increasing interest in those ecosystems as sites for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission offset projects (sometimes referred to as “Blue Carbon”), through preservation of existing C stocks or creation of new wetlands to increase future sequestration. Here we show that in the globally-widespread occurrence of diked, impounded, drained and tidally-restricted salt marshes, substantial methane (CH4) and CO2 emission reductions can be achieved through restoration of disconnected saline tidal flows. Modeled climatic forcing indicates that tidal restoration to reduce emissions has a much greater impact per unit area than wetland creation or conservation to enhance sequestration. Given that GHG emissions in tidally-restricted, degraded wetlands are caused by human activity, they are anthropogenic emissions, and reducing them will have an effect on climate that is equivalent to reduced emission of an equal quantity of fossil fuel GHG. Thus, as a landuse-based climate change intervention, reducing CH4 emissions is an entirely distinct concept from biological C sequestration projects to enhance C storage in forest or wetland biomass or soil, and will not suffer from the non-permanence risk that stored C will be returned to the atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-12138-4","usgsCitation":"Kroeger, K.D., Crooks, S., Moseman-Valtierra, S., and Tang, J., 2017, Restoring tides to reduce methane emissions in impounded wetlands: A new and potent Blue Carbon climate change intervention: Scientific Reports, v. 7, Article 11914; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12138-4.","productDescription":"Article 11914; 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-070574","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12138-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c37e35e4b091459a6316dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crooks, Stephen","contributorId":77243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crooks","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":34653,"text":"Silvestrum Climate Associates, LLC, Mill Valley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moseman-Valtierra, Serena","contributorId":140087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moseman-Valtierra","given":"Serena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tang, Jianwu","contributorId":174890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Jianwu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27818,"text":"The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Hole, MA 02543.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188595,"text":"gip181 - 2017 - A record of change - Science and elder observations on the Navajo Nation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T23:35:31.651508","indexId":"gip181","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"181","title":"A record of change - Science and elder observations on the Navajo Nation","docAbstract":"A Record of Change - Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo Nation is a 25-minute documentary about combining observations from Navajo elders with conventional science to determine how tribal lands and culture are affected by climate change. On the Navajo Nation, there is a shortage of historical climate data, making it difficult to assess changing environmental conditions.
This video reveals how a team of scientists, anthropologists, and translators combined the rich local knowledge of Navajo elders with recent scientific investigation to effectively document environmental change. Increasing aridity and declining snowfall in this poorly monitored region of the Southwest are accompanied by declining river flow and migrating sand dunes. The observations of Navajo elders verify and supplement this record of change by informing how shifting weather patterns are reflected in Navajo cultural practices and living conditions.
Director,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Flagstaff
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1600
The surficial geologic record is the relatively thin veneer of young (<~1 Ma) and mostly unconsolidated sediments that cover portions of Earth’s terrestrial surface (Fig. 1). Once largely ignored as “overburden” by geologists, surficial deposits are now studied to address a wide range of issues related to the sustainability of human societies. Geologists use surficial deposits to determine the frequency and severity of past climatic changes, quantify natural and anthropogenic erosion rates, identify hazards, and calculate recurrence intervals associated with earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Increasingly, however, humans are eradicating the surficial geologic record in many key areas through progressive modification of Earth’s surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GSATG341GW.1","usgsCitation":"Rech, J.A., Springer, K.B., and Pigati, J., 2017, The Great Acceleration and the disappearing surficial geologic record: GSA Today, v. 27, no. 11, p. 8-9, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG341GW.1.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-085757","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e86834e4b05fe04cd4d1e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rech, Jason A.","contributorId":117323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rech","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, Kathleen B. 0000-0002-2404-0264 kspringer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2404-0264","contributorId":149826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Kathleen","email":"kspringer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pigati, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5843-6219 jpigati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6219","contributorId":149825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffrey S.","email":"jpigati@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187722,"text":"fs20173034 - 2017 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan, 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T10:43:07","indexId":"fs20173034","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-19T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-3034","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan, 2017","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean undiscovered, technically recoverable resources of 164 million barrels of oil and 24.6 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173034","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Tennyson, M.E., Klett, T.R., Finn, T.M., Mercier, T.J., Gaswirth, S.B., Marra, K.R., Le, P.A., Hawkins, S.J., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2017, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017–3034, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173034.\n","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-084617","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":345819,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3034/fs20173034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"528 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017-3034"}],"country":"Pakistan","otherGeospatial":"Lower Indus Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 66.59912109375,\n 24.10664717920179\n ],\n [\n 70.675048828125,\n 24.10664717920179\n ],\n [\n 70.675048828125,\n 29.563901551414418\n ],\n [\n 66.59912109375,\n 29.563901551414418\n ],\n [\n 66.59912109375,\n 24.10664717920179\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Freshwater mussel species with doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mtDNA are unique because they are naturally heteroplasmic for two extremely divergent mtDNAs with ~50% amino acid differences for protein-coding genes. The paternally-transmitted mtDNA (or M mtDNA) clearly functions in sperm in these species, but it is still unknown whether it is transcribed when present in male or female soma. In the present study, we used PCR and RT-PCR to detect the presence and expression of the M mtDNA in male and female somatic and gonadal tissues of the freshwater mussel species Venustaconcha ellipsiformis and Utterbackia peninsularis (Unionidae). This is the first study demonstrating that the M mtDNA is transcribed not only in male gonads, but also in male and female soma in freshwater mussels with DUI. Because of the potentially deleterious nature of heteroplasmy, we suggest the existence of different mechanisms in DUI species to deal with this possibly harmful situation, such as silencing mechanisms for the M mtDNA at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and/or post-translational levels. These hypotheses will necessitate additional studies in distantly-related DUI species that could possess different mechanisms of action to deal with heteroplasmy.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0183529","usgsCitation":"Breton, S., Bouvet, K., Auclair, G., Ghazal, S., Sietman, B.E., Johnson, N.A., Bettinazzi, S., Dtewart, D.T., and Guerra, D., 2017, The extremely divergent maternally- and paternally-transmitted mitochondrial genomes are co-expressed in somatic tissues of two freshwater mussel species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mtDNA: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 8, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183529.","productDescription":"e0183529; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-088126","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183529","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c22cb2e4b091459a61b72d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breton, Sophie 0000-0002-8286-486X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-486X","contributorId":196560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breton","given":"Sophie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouvet, Karim","contributorId":196559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouvet","given":"Karim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auclair, Gabrielle","contributorId":196561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Auclair","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ghazal, Stephanie","contributorId":196562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghazal","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sietman, Bernard E.","contributorId":196565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sietman","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Nathan A. 0000-0001-5167-1988 najohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":4175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan","email":"najohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bettinazzi, Stefano","contributorId":196563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bettinazzi","given":"Stefano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dtewart, Donald T.","contributorId":196566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dtewart","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guerra, Davide","contributorId":196564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guerra","given":"Davide","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70190635,"text":"70190635 - 2017 - Characterizing Golden Eagle risk to lead and anticoagulant rodenticide exposure: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:44:09","indexId":"70190635","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing Golden Eagle risk to lead and anticoagulant rodenticide exposure: A review","docAbstract":"Contaminant exposure is among the many threats to Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) populations throughout North America, particularly lead poisoning and anticoagulant rodenticides (AR). These threats may act in concert with others (e.g., lead poisoning and trauma associated with striking objects) to exacerbate risk. Golden Eagles are skilled hunters but also exploit scavenging opportunities, making them particularly susceptible to contaminant exposure from ingesting tissues of poisoned or shot animals. Lead poisoning has long been recognized as an important source of mortality for Golden Eagles throughout North America. More recently, ARs have been associated with both sublethal and lethal effects in raptor species worldwide. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge for lead and AR exposure in Golden Eagles, drawing from the broader raptor contaminant ecology literature. We examine lead and AR sources within Golden Eagle habitats, exposure routes and toxicity, effects on individuals and populations, synergistic effects, and data and information needs. Continued research addressing data needs and information gaps will help with Golden Eagle conservation planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/JRR-16-19.1","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Buck, J.A., 2017, Characterizing Golden Eagle risk to lead and anticoagulant rodenticide exposure: A review: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 51, no. 3, p. 273-292, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-16-19.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"292","ipdsId":"IP-073570","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-16-19.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c22cb4e4b091459a61b737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buck, Jeremy A.","contributorId":195480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buck","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190963,"text":"70190963 - 2017 - Geospatial tools effectively estimate nonexceedance probabilities of daily streamflow at ungauged and intermittently gauged locations in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:19:32","indexId":"70190963","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geospatial tools effectively estimate nonexceedance probabilities of daily streamflow at ungauged and intermittently gauged locations in Ohio","docAbstract":"Study region
The state of Ohio in the United States, a humid, continental climate.
Study focus
The estimation of nonexceedance probabilities of daily streamflows as an alternative means of establishing the relative magnitudes of streamflows associated with hydrologic and water-quality observations.
New hydrological insights for the region
Several methods for estimating nonexceedance probabilities of daily mean streamflows are explored, including single-index methodologies (nearest-neighboring index) and geospatial tools (kriging and topological kriging). These methods were evaluated by conducting leave-one-out cross-validations based on analyses of nearly 7 years of daily streamflow data from 79 unregulated streamgages in Ohio and neighboring states. The pooled, ordinary kriging model, with a median Nash–Sutcliffe performance of 0.87, was superior to the single-site index methods, though there was some bias in the tails of the probability distribution. Incorporating network structure through topological kriging did not improve performance. The pooled, ordinary kriging model was applied to 118 locations without systematic streamgaging across Ohio where instantaneous streamflow measurements had been made concurrent with water-quality sampling on at least 3 separate days. Spearman rank correlations between estimated nonexceedance probabilities and measured streamflows were high, with a median value of 0.76. In consideration of application, the degree of regulation in a set of sample sites helped to specify the streamgages required to implement kriging approaches successfully.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.08.006","usgsCitation":"Farmer, W.H., and Koltun, G.F., 2017, Geospatial tools effectively estimate nonexceedance probabilities of daily streamflow at ungauged and intermittently gauged locations in Ohio: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, v. 13, p. 208-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.08.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"221","ipdsId":"IP-081013","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.08.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TM788T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial Tools Effectively Estimate Nonexceedance Probabilities of Daily Streamflow at Ungaged and 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\"}}]}","volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c22cb3e4b091459a61b730","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, William H. 0000-0002-2865-2196 wfarmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-2196","contributorId":4374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"William","email":"wfarmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960 gfkoltun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":140048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G.","email":"gfkoltun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190970,"text":"70190970 - 2017 - Fatal attraction? Intraguild facilitation and suppression among predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T10:01:47","indexId":"70190970","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5500,"text":"The American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1537-5323","printIssn":" 0003-014","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fatal attraction? Intraguild facilitation and suppression among predators","docAbstract":"Competition and suppression are recognized as dominant forces that structure predator communities. Facilitation via carrion provisioning, however, is a ubiquitous interaction among predators that could offset the strength of suppression. Understanding the relative importance of these positive and negative interactions is necessary to anticipate community-wide responses to apex predator declines and recoveries worldwide. Using state-sponsored wolf (Canis lupus) control in Alaska as a quasi experiment, we conducted snow track surveys of apex, meso-, and small predators to test for evidence of carnivore cascades (e.g., mesopredator release). We analyzed survey data using an integrative occupancy and structural equation modeling framework to quantify the strengths of hypothesized interaction pathways, and we evaluated fine-scale spatiotemporal responses of nonapex predators to wolf activity clusters identified from radio-collar data. Contrary to the carnivore cascade hypothesis, both meso- and small predator occupancy patterns indicated guild-wide, negative responses of nonapex predators to wolf abundance variations at the landscape scale. At the local scale, however, we observed a near guild-wide, positive response of nonapex predators to localized wolf activity. Local-scale association with apex predators due to scavenging could lead to landscape patterns of mesopredator suppression, suggesting a key link between occupancy patterns and the structure of predator communities at different spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/693996","usgsCitation":"Sivy, K.J., Pozzanghera, C.B., Grace, J.B., and Prugh, L.R., 2017, Fatal attraction? Intraguild facilitation and suppression among predators: The American Naturalist, v. 190, no. 5, p. 663-679, https://doi.org/10.1086/693996.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"679","ipdsId":"IP-074486","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"190","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c22cb2e4b091459a61b729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sivy, Kelly J. 0000-0002-3598-3014","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-3014","contributorId":196570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sivy","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pozzanghera, Casey B.","contributorId":196571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pozzanghera","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":34632,"text":"Boise State University, Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prugh, Laura R. 0000-0001-9045-3107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-3107","contributorId":196572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prugh","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13194,"text":"School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190788,"text":"ofr20171116 - 2017 - Morphologic evolution of the wilderness area breach at Fire Island, New York—2012–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T15:18:20.876985","indexId":"ofr20171116","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1116","title":"Morphologic evolution of the wilderness area breach at Fire Island, New York—2012–15","docAbstract":"Hurricane Sandy, which made landfall on October 29, 2012, near Atlantic City, New Jersey, had a significant impact on the coastal system along the south shore of Long Island, New York. A record significant wave height of 9.6 meters (m) was measured at wave buoy 44025, approximately 48 kilometers offshore of Fire Island, New York. Surge and runup during the storm resulted in extensive beach and dune erosion and breaching of the Fire Island barrier island system at two locations, including a breach that formed within the Otis Pike Fire Island High Dune Wilderness area on the eastern side of Fire Island.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a long history of conducting morphologic change and processes research at Fire Island. One of the primary objectives of the current research effort is to understand the morphologic evolution of the barrier system on a variety of time scales (from storm scale to decade(s) to century). A number of studies that support the project objectives have been published. Prior to Hurricane Sandy, however, little information was available on specific storm-driven change in this region. The USGS received Hurricane Sandy supplemental funding (project GS2–2B: Linking Coastal Processes and Vulnerability, Fire Island, New York, Regional Study) to enhance existing research efforts at Fire Island. The existing research was greatly expanded to include inner continental shelf mapping and investigations of processes of inner shelf sediment transport; beach and dune response and recovery; and observation, analysis, and modeling of the newly formed breach in the Otis Pike High Dune Wilderness area, herein referred to as the wilderness breach. The breach formed at the site of Old Inlet, which was open from 1763 to 1825. The location of the initial island breaching does not directly correspond with topographic lows of the dunes, but instead the breach formed in the location of a cross-island boardwalk that was destroyed during Hurricane Sandy.
From 2013 to November 2015, bathymetric data were collected by the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center during three surveys of the breach channel and tidal shoals, and shoreline positions on each side of the breach (also collected by the National Park Service). Additionally, pre-storm topography/bathymetry EAARL–B light detection and ranging (lidar) data were collected by the USGS the day prior to Hurricane Sandy’s landfall. These data serve as a baseline for change analyses during four subsequent periods: June 2013, June 2014, October 2014, and May 2015. The June 2013 single-beam bathymetry data were collected in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), using the Lighter Amphibious Resupply Cargo (LARC) vessel, and included the ebb shoal and breach channel. The USGS collected and processed the three additional bathymetric datasets using personal watercraft equipped with single-beam echo sounders and backpack Global Positioning System (GPS) over shallow flood shoals.
Eastern and western breach shorelines were surveyed weekly to monthly beginning on November 6, 2012 (by the National Park Service [NPS], and USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center), with measurements made every few weeks for the first year and every few months after October 2013. The NPS and researchers from Stony Brook University monitored the breach by collecting field data of the breach channel bathymetry, conducting aerial photographic overflights, and performing water-quality analyses (see http://po.msrc.sunysb.edu/GSB/). The aerial photography collected and rectified by Stony Brook University is used extensively in our morphologic change description to examine changes to breach shorelines (supplementing shoreline data collected in the field), channel width, and orientation. Due to the uncertainties and the variation in survey methods, a rigorous quantitative analysis was not performed. However, average calculations of various breach metrics allow a qualitative analysis of breach development and evolution.
This report presents an overview of the data collected and a summary discussion of the observed changes to the breach system and the seasonal wave climatology associated with the breach morphodynamic response.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171116","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Nelson, T.R., Henderson, R.E., Brenner, O.T., and Miselis, J.L., 2017, Morphologic evolution of the wilderness area breach at Fire Island, New York—2012–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1116, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171116.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-086286","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345809,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1049","text":"Data Series 1049","description":"Data Series 1049","linkHelpText":"- Coastal bathymetry data collected in May 2015 from Fire Island, New York—Wilderness breach and shoreface"},{"id":345808,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1034","text":"Data Series 1034","description":"Data Series 1034","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry data collected in October 2014 from Fire Island, New York—The wilderness breach, shoreface, and bay"},{"id":345810,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1007","text":"Data Series 1007","description":"Data Series 1007","linkHelpText":"- Coastal bathymetry data collected in June 2014 from Fire Island, New York—The wilderness breach and shoreface"},{"id":345750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1116/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":345805,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1116/ofr20171116.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1116"},{"id":345806,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ds914","text":"Data Series 914","description":"Data Series 914","linkHelpText":"- Bathymetry of Wilderness Breach at Fire Island, New York from June 2013"},{"id":345807,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7G15Z17","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hurricane Sandy Beach Response and Recovery at Fire Island, New York—Shoreline and Beach Profile Data, October 2012 to June 2016"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.32000732421875,\n 40.6113461833302\n ],\n [\n -72.87574768066406,\n 40.6113461833302\n ],\n [\n -72.87574768066406,\n 40.73581157695217\n ],\n [\n -73.32000732421875,\n 40.73581157695217\n ],\n [\n -73.32000732421875,\n 40.6113461833302\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
Of 41 adult wolf-killed gray wolves (Canis lupus) and 10 probably or possibly killed by wolves from 1968 through 2014 in the Superior National Forest (SNF) in northeastern Minnesota, most were killed in months leading up to and immediately following the breeding season, which was primarily February. This finding is similar to a published sample from Denali National Park, and the seasonality of intraspecific mortality generally parallels the known seasonality of testosterone levels, scent-marking, howling frequency, and general interpack aggression. Males and females were killed in the same proportion as in the population of radiocollared wolves. The annual rate of wolf-killed wolves was not related to the annual wolf density. Our findings tend to support intraspecific mortality of adult wolves as a means to reduce breeding competition and to maintain territories.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyx113","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Barber-Meyer, S., 2017, Seasonality of intraspecific mortality by gray wolves: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1538-1546, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyx113.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1538","endPage":"1546","ipdsId":"IP-083870","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyx113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Superior National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.8951416015625,\n 47.733781798258256\n ],\n [\n -91.60537719726562,\n 47.733781798258256\n ],\n [\n -91.60537719726562,\n 48.04503763958813\n ],\n [\n -91.8951416015625,\n 48.04503763958813\n ],\n [\n -91.8951416015625,\n 47.733781798258256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon 0000-0002-3048-2616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":217941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}