Surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, is the most valuable commercial and recreational fish in the São Francisco River, but little is known about adult migration and spawning. Movements of 24 females (9.5–29.0 kg), which were radio-tagged just downstream of Três Marias Dam (TMD) at river kilometer 2,109 and at Pirapora Rapids (PR) 129 km downstream of TMD, suggest the following conceptual model of adult female migration and spawning. The tagged surubims used only 274 km of the main stem downstream of TMD and two tributaries, the Velhas and Abaeté rivers. Migration style was dualistic with non-migratory (resident) and migratory fish. Pre-spawning females swam at ground speeds of up to 31 km day-1 in late September–December to pre-spawning staging sites located 0–11 km from the spawning ground. In the spawning season (November–March), pre-spawning females migrated back and forth from nearby pre-spawning staging sites to PR for short visits to spawn, mostly during floods. Multiple visits to the spawning site suggest surubim is a multiple spawner. Most post-spawning surubims left the spawning ground to forage elsewhere, but some stayed at the spawning site until the next spawning season. Post-spawning migrants swam up or downstream at ground speeds up to 29 km day-1 during January–March. Construction of proposed dams in the main stem and tributaries downstream of TMD will greatly reduce surubim abundance by blocking migrations and changing the river into reservoirs that eliminate riverine spawning and non-spawning habitats, and possibly, cause extirpation of populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-006-9141-1","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Godinho, A.L., Kynard, B., and Godinho, H.P., 2007, Migration and spawning of female surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Pimelodidae) in the São Francisco river, Brazil: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 80, no. 4, p. 421-433, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9141-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"433","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9141-1"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Sao Francisco River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -45.122222900390625,\n -17.787920134296662\n ],\n [\n -45.122222900390625,\n -16.626981003356775\n ],\n [\n -44.615478515625,\n -16.626981003356775\n ],\n [\n -44.615478515625,\n -17.787920134296662\n ],\n [\n -45.122222900390625,\n -17.787920134296662\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56f7e4b0c8380cd6d963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godinho, Alexandre L.","contributorId":75324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godinho","given":"Alexandre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kynard, Boyd","contributorId":84234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"Boyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godinho, Hugo P.","contributorId":36756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godinho","given":"Hugo","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029944,"text":"70029944 - 2007 - Compositional zoning of the Bishop Tuff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T19:12:52.621975","indexId":"70029944","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional zoning of the Bishop Tuff","docAbstract":"Compositional data for >400 pumice clasts, organized according to eruptive sequence, crystal content, and texture, provide new perspectives on eruption and pre-eruptive evolution of the >600 km3 of zoned rhyolitic magma ejected as the Bishop Tuff during formation of Long Valley caldera. Proportions and compositions of different pumice types are given for each ignimbrite package and for the intercalated plinian pumice-fall layers that erupted synchronously. Although withdrawal of the zoned magma was less systematic than previously realized, the overall sequence displays trends toward greater proportions of less evolved pumice, more crystals (0·5–24 wt %), and higher FeTi-oxide temperatures (714–818°C). No significant hiatus took place during the 6 day eruption of the Bishop Tuff, nearly all of which issued from an integrated, zoned, unitary reservoir. Shortly before eruption, however, the zoned melt-dominant portion of the chamber was invaded by batches of disparate lower-silica rhyolite magma, poorer in crystals than most of the resident magma but slightly hotter and richer in Ba, Sr, and Ti. Interaction with resident magma at the deepest levels tapped promoted growth of Ti-rich rims on quartz, Ba-rich rims on sanidine, and entrapment of near-rim melt inclusions relatively enriched in Ba and CO2. Varied amounts of mingling, even in higher parts of the chamber, led to the dark gray and swirly crystal-poor pumices sparsely present in all ash-flow packages. As shown by FeTi-oxide geothermometry, the zoned rhyolitic chamber was hottest where crystal-richest, rendering any model of solidification fronts at the walls or roof unlikely. The main compositional gradient (75–195 ppm Rb; 0·8–2·2 ppm Ta; 71–154 ppm Zr; 0·40–1·73% FeO*) existed in the melt, prior to crystallization of the phenocryst suite observed, which included zircon as much as 100 kyr older than the eruption. The compositions of crystals, though themselves largely unzoned, generally reflect magma temperature and the bulk compositional gradient, implying both that few crystals settled or were transported far and that the observed crystals contributed little to establishing that gradient. Upward increases in aqueous gas and dissolved water, combined with the adiabatic gradient (for the ∼ 5 km depth range tapped) and the roofward decline in liquidus temperature of the zoned melt, prevented significant crystallization against the roof, consistent with dominance of crystal-poor magma early in the eruption and lack of any roof-rind fragments among the Bishop ejecta, before or after onset of caldera collapse. A model of secular incremental zoning is advanced wherein numerous batches of crystal-poor melt were released from a mush zone (many kilometers thick) that floored the accumulating rhyolitic melt-rich body. Each batch rose to its own appropriate level in the melt-buoyancy gradient, which was self-sustaining against wholesale convective re-homogenization, while the thick mush zone below buffered it against disruption by the deeper (non-rhyolitic) recharge that augmented the mush zone and thermally sustained the whole magma chamber. Crystal–melt fractionation was the dominant zoning process, but it took place not principally in the shallow melt-rich body but mostly in the pluton-scale mush zone before and during batchwise melt extraction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egm007","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Wilson, C.J., 2007, Compositional zoning of the Bishop Tuff: Journal of Petrology, v. 48, no. 5, p. 951-999, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egm007.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"999","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egm007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bishop Tuff","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.9812469482422,\n 37.541855135522226\n ],\n [\n -118.63586425781249,\n 37.541855135522226\n ],\n [\n -118.63586425781249,\n 37.76474401178003\n ],\n [\n -118.9812469482422,\n 37.76474401178003\n ],\n [\n -118.9812469482422,\n 37.541855135522226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93be4b0c8380cd4d4f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031554,"text":"70031554 - 2007 - Habitat use of Etheostoma maculatum (Spotted Darter) in Elk River, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031554","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use of Etheostoma maculatum (Spotted Darter) in Elk River, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Etheostoma maculatum (Spotted Darter) has a disjunct distribution within the Ohio River drainage. Researchers have generalized Spotted Darter habitat as large rocks in swift riffles. In West Virginia, Spotted Darters are known to occur only in the middle section of the Elk River system. Information on habitat use is lacking. Through direct observation (snorkeling), we examined microhabitat use of Spotted Darters in riffle and glide habitats at three sites in the Elk River. Spotted darters in the Elk River were observed primarily in glide habitats near large rocks and in moderate current velocities. In the Elk River, this species is a benthic-habitat specialist, making it highly vulnerable to habitat alterations such as sedimentation and substrate embeddedness. Given its habitat use and restricted distribution, further ecological studies are needed for conservation and management of the Spotted Darter population in the Elk River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[447:HUOEMS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Osier, E., and Welsh, S., 2007, Habitat use of Etheostoma maculatum (Spotted Darter) in Elk River, West Virginia: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 14, no. 3, p. 447-460, https://doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[447:HUOEMS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"447","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[447:HUOEMS]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f45e4b0c8380cd5cc39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osier, E.A.","contributorId":74648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osier","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, S.A. 0000-0003-0362-054X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":10191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030901,"text":"70030901 - 2007 - Imprint of oaks on nitrogen availability and δ15N in California grassland-savanna: A case of enhanced N inputs?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-11T15:10:48","indexId":"70030901","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imprint of oaks on nitrogen availability and δ15N in California grassland-savanna: A case of enhanced N inputs?","docAbstract":"Woody vegetation is distributed patchily in many arid and semi-arid ecosystems, where it is often associated with elevated nitrogen (N) pools and availability in islands of fertility. We measured N availability and δ15N in paired blue-oak versus annual grass dominated patches to characterize the causes and consequences of spatial variation in N dynamics of grassland-savanna in Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park. We found significantly greater surface soil N pools (0–20 cm) in oak patches compared to adjacent grass areas across a 700 m elevation gradient from foothills to the savanna-forest boundary. N accumulation under oaks was associated with a 0.6‰ depletion in soil δ15N relative to grass patches. Results from a simple δ15N mass balance simulation model, constrained by surface soil N and δ15N measured in the field, suggest that the development of islands of N fertility under oaks can be traced primarily to enhanced N inputs. Net N mineralization and percent nitrification in laboratory incubations were consistently higher under oaks across a range of experimental soil moisture regimes, suggesting a scenario whereby greater N inputs to oak patches result in net N accumulation and enhanced N cycling, with a potential for greater nitrate loss as well. N concentrations of three common herbaceous annual plants were nearly 50% greater under oak than in adjacent grass patches, with community composition shifted towards more N-demanding species under oaks. We find that oaks imprint distinct N-rich islands of fertility that foster local feedback between soil N cycling, plant N uptake, and herbaceous community composition. Such patch-scale differences in N inputs and plant–soil interactions increase biogeochemical heterogeneity in grassland-savanna ecosystems and may shape watershed-level responses to chronic N deposition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11258-006-9238-9","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., and Kellogg, C., 2007, Imprint of oaks on nitrogen availability and δ15N in California grassland-savanna: A case of enhanced N inputs?: Plant Ecology, v. 191, no. 2, p. 209-220, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-006-9238-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"220","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-006-9238-9"},{"id":238734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"191","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a394de4b0c8380cd61893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, S.S.","contributorId":82039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, C.H.","contributorId":82903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031350,"text":"70031350 - 2007 - The distribution, occurrence and environmental effect of mercury in Chinese coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031350","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution, occurrence and environmental effect of mercury in Chinese coals","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is a toxic, persistent, and globally distributed pollutant due to its characteristic properties such as low melting and boiling points, conversion between chemical forms and participation in biological cycles. During combustion mercury in coal is almost totally emitted to the atmosphere. With a huge amount of coal consumed, coal combustion is one of the main anthropogenic sources of this element in the environment. In this study, Hg data of 1699 coal samples of China has been compiled, and the concentration, distribution, modes of occurrence, and the impact of Hg emissions on the environment are investigated. Most Chinese coals have Hg content in the range of 0.1 to 0.3??ppm, with an average of 0.19??ppm, which is slightly higher than the average Hg content of world coals and is close to that of the U.S. coals. The Hg content in coals varies in different coal basins, geological ages and coal ranks. The most likely mode of occurrences of Hg in high-sulfur and high Hg content coals is as solid solution in pyrite. But in low-sulfur coals, modes of occurrence of Hg are variable, and the organic-bound and sulfide-bound Hg may dominate. Silicate-bound Hg may be the main form in some coals because of magmatic intrusion. Mercury emissions during coal combustion have resulted in serious environmental contamination in China, particularly in the northeastern and southwestern China, where a high Hg content in the atmosphere occurs. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.037","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Zheng, L., Liu, G., and Chou, C.L., 2007, The distribution, occurrence and environmental effect of mercury in Chinese coals: Science of the Total Environment, v. 384, no. 1-3, p. 374-383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.037.","startPage":"374","endPage":"383","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.037"},{"id":240022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"384","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baae1e4b08c986b322a8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, Lingyun","contributorId":68495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Lingyun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031343,"text":"70031343 - 2007 - The relationship between circulating ecdysteroids and chela allometry in male tanner crabs: Evidence for a terminal molt in the genus Chionoecetes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T18:13:05","indexId":"70031343","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2235,"text":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between circulating ecdysteroids and chela allometry in male tanner crabs: Evidence for a terminal molt in the genus Chionoecetes","docAbstract":"Whether male Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi, undergo a terminal molt associated with a change in claw allometry has long been debated. We measured molting hormone levels in captured male C. bairdi to assess the potential for molting. We plotted a frequency histogram of chela height to carapace width ratios and found a bimodal distribution of crabs with a ratio of approximately 0.18 separating the two modes. Male crabs with a ratio less than 0.18 were classified as \"small-clawed\" (SC) while crabs with a ratio greater than 0.18 were classified as \"large-clawed\" (LC). Circulating molting hormones between SC and LC crabs were compared. Significantly lower ecdysteroid levels were found in LC crabs, indicating that this morphotype had negligible potential for molting. Circulating ecdysteroids were measured in SC males of different shell conditions (soft, new, old, and very old) and no significant differences were found. This research suggests that the molt to LC morphology is a terminal molt. The results from this study have important implications for fisheries management because sub-legal LC males will not recruit into the fishery and removal of larger males may have long term effects on population size structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1651/S-2802.1","issn":"02780372","usgsCitation":"Tamone, S., Taggart, S.J., Andrews, A., Mondragon, J., and Nielsen, J., 2007, The relationship between circulating ecdysteroids and chela allometry in male tanner crabs: Evidence for a terminal molt in the genus Chionoecetes: Journal of Crustacean Biology, v. 27, no. 4, p. 635-642, https://doi.org/10.1651/S-2802.1.","startPage":"635","endPage":"642","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476947,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1651/s-2802.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1651/S-2802.1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf15e4b08c986b324532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tamone, S.L.","contributorId":67728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamone","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, A.G.","contributorId":92401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nielsen, J.K.","contributorId":84488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031564,"text":"70031564 - 2007 - Sequential solvent extraction for the modes of occurrence of selenium in coals of different ranks from the Huaibei Coalfield, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031564","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1755,"text":"Geochemical Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequential solvent extraction for the modes of occurrence of selenium in coals of different ranks from the Huaibei Coalfield, China","docAbstract":"Forms of selenium in bituminous coal, anthracite, and cokeite (natural coke) from Huaibei Coalfield, Anhui, China, have been determined by sequential solvent extraction. The selenium content in bulk samples is 4.0, 2.4, and 2.0 ??g/g in bituminous coal, anthracite, and cokeite, respectively. The six forms of selenium determined by six-step solvent extraction are water-leachable, ion-exchangeable, organic matter-associated, carbonate-associated, silicate-associated, and sulfide-associated. The predominant forms of selenium in bituminous coal are organic matter-associated (39.0%), sulfide-associated (21.1%), and silicate bound (31.8%); these three forms account for 92% of the total. The organic matter bound-selenium decrease dramatically from bituminous coal (39.0%) to anthracite (11.6%) and to cokeite (0%), indicating that organic matter bound selenium is converted to other forms during metamorphism of the coal, most likely sulfide-form. The sulfide-associated form increased remarkably from bituminous coal (21.1%) to anthracite (50.4%) and cokeite (54.5%), indicating the formation of selenium sulfide, possibly in pyrite during the transformation of bituminous coal to anthracite and cokeite. The silicate-associated selenium in bituminous coal (31.8%) is much higher than that in anthracite (16.4%) and cokeite (15.8%), indicating that silicate-associated selenium is partly converted to sulfide during metamorphism. ?? 2007 Zhang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemical Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1186/1467-4866-8-14","issn":"14674866","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Liu, G., Chou, C.L., Wang, L., and Kang, Y., 2007, Sequential solvent extraction for the modes of occurrence of selenium in coals of different ranks from the Huaibei Coalfield, China: Geochemical Transactions, v. 8, https://doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-8-14.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477106,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-8-14","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212601,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-8-14"},{"id":240109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d55e4b08c986b31834c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":59969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kang, Y.","contributorId":54431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029932,"text":"70029932 - 2007 - Large-scale causes of variation in the serpentine vegetation of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029932","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Large-scale causes of variation in the serpentine vegetation of California","docAbstract":"Serpentine vegetation in California ranges from forest to shrubland and grassland, harbors many rare and endemic species, and is only moderately altered by invasive exotic species at the present time. To better understand the factors regulating the distribution of common/representative species, endemic/rare species, and the threat of exotics in this important flora, we analyzed broad-scale community patterns and environmental conditions in a geographically stratified set of samples from across the state. We considered three major classes of environmental influences: climate (especially precipitation), soils (especially the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio), and the indirect influences of climate on soils. We used ordination to identify the major axes of variation in common species abundances, structural equation models to analyze the relationship of community axes and endemic and exotic species richness to the environment, and group analysis techniques to identify consistent groupings of species and characterize their properties. We found that community variation could be explained by a two-axis ordination. One axis ranged from conifer forest to grassland and was strongly related to precipitation. The second axis ranged from chaparral to grassland and had little relationship to current environmental conditions, suggesting a possible role for successional history. Precipitation and elevation were respectively the largest influences on endemic and exotic richness, followed by Mg 2+/Ca2+. The results also support the idea that long-term precipitation patterns have altered the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio via selective leaching, resulting in indirect influences on endemics (positive) and exotics (negative) but not affecting the abundances of common species. We discuss implications of these findings for the conservation of the California serpentine flora. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkTitle":"Plant and Soil","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11104-007-9196-6","issn":"0032079X","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., Safford, H., and Harrison, S., 2007, Large-scale causes of variation in the serpentine vegetation of California, in Plant and Soil, v. 293, no. 1-2, p. 121-132, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9196-6.","startPage":"121","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9196-6"}],"volume":"293","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4492e4b0c8380cd66bfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safford, H.D.","contributorId":22293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safford","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, S.","contributorId":76129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030816,"text":"70030816 - 2007 - Comparative velocity structure of active Hawaiian volcanoes from 3-D onshore-offshore seismic tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030816","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative velocity structure of active Hawaiian volcanoes from 3-D onshore-offshore seismic tomography","docAbstract":"We present a 3-D P-wave velocity model of the combined subaerial and submarine portions of the southeastern part of the Island of Hawaii, based on first-arrival seismic tomography of marine airgun shots recorded by the onland seismic network. Our model shows that high-velocity materials (6.5-7.0??km/s) lie beneath Kilauea's summit, Koae fault zone, and the upper Southwest Rift Zone (SWRZ) and upper and middle East Rift Zone (ERZ), indicative of magma cumulates within the volcanic edifice. A separate high-velocity body of 6.5-6.9??km/s within Kilauea's lower ERZ and upper Puna Ridge suggests a distinct body of magma cumulates, possibly connected to the summit magma cumulates at depth. The two cumulate bodies within Kilauea's ERZ may have undergone separate ductile flow seaward, influencing the submarine morphology of Kilauea's south flank. Low velocities (5.0-6.3??km/s) seaward of Kilauea's Hilina fault zone, and along Mauna Loa's seaward facing Kao'iki fault zone, are attributed to thick piles of volcaniclastic sediments deposited on the submarine flanks. Loihi seamount shows high-velocity anomalies beneath the summit and along the rift zones, similar to the interpreted magma cumulates below Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes, and a low-velocity anomaly beneath the oceanic crust, probably indicative of melt within the upper mantle. Around Kilauea's submarine flank, a high-velocity anomaly beneath the outer bench suggests the presence of an ancient seamount that may obstruct outward spreading of the flank. Mauna Loa's southeast flank is also marked by a large, anomalously high-velocity feature (7.0-7.4??km/s), interpreted to define an inactive, buried volcanic rift zone, which might provide a new explanation for the westward migration of Mauna Loa's current SWRZ and the growth of Kilauea's SWRZ. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.008","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Park, J., Morgan, J., Zelt, C., Okubo, P.G., Peters, L., and Benesh, N., 2007, Comparative velocity structure of active Hawaiian volcanoes from 3-D onshore-offshore seismic tomography: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 259, no. 3-4, p. 500-516, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.008.","startPage":"500","endPage":"516","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502584,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Comparative_velocity_structure_of_active_Hawaiian_volcanoes_from_3-D_onshore_offshore_seismic_tomography/22929686","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.008"},{"id":238993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"259","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f830e4b0c8380cd4cf20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, J.","contributorId":47164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J.K.","contributorId":83333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, C.A.","contributorId":74911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peters, L.","contributorId":49971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benesh, N.","contributorId":53597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benesh","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029931,"text":"70029931 - 2007 - Response of the St. Joseph River to lake level changes during the last 12,000 years in the Lake Michigan basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029931","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of the St. Joseph River to lake level changes during the last 12,000 years in the Lake Michigan basin","docAbstract":"The water level of the Lake Michigan basin is currently 177 m above sea level. Around 9,800 14C years B.P., the lake level in the Lake Michigan basin had dropped to its lowest level in prehistory, about 70 m above sea level. This low level (Lake Chippewa) had profound effects on the rivers flowing directly into the basin. Recent studies of the St. Joseph River indicate that the extreme low lake level rejuvenated the river, causing massive incision of up to 43 m in a valley no more than 1.6 km wide. The incision is seen 25 km upstream of the present shoreline. As lake level rose from the Chippewa low, the St. Joseph River lost competence and its estuary migrated back upstream. Floodplain and channel sediments partially refilled the recently excavated valley leaving a distinctly non-classical morphology of steep sides with a broad, flat bottom. The valley walls of the lower St. Joseph River are 12-18 m tall and borings reveal up to 30 m of infill sediment below the modern floodplain. About 3 ?? 108 m3 of sediment was removed from the St. Joseph River valley during the Chippewa phase lowstand, a massive volume, some of which likely resides in a lowstand delta approximately 30 km off-shore in Lake Michigan. The active floodplain below Niles, Michigan, is inset into an upper terrace and delta graded to the Calumet level (189 m) of Lake Chicago. In the lower portion of the terrace stratigraphy a 1.5-2.0 m thick section of clast-supported gravel marks the entry of the main St. Joseph River drainage above South Bend, Indiana, into the Lake Michigan basin. This gravel layer represents the consolidation of drainage that probably occurred during final melting out of ice-marginal kettle chains allowing stream piracy to proceed between Niles and South Bend. It is unlikely that the St. Joseph River is palimpsest upon a bedrock valley. The landform it cuts across is a glaciofluvial-deltaic feature rather than a classic unsorted moraine that would drape over pre-glacial topography. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10933-006-9045-2","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Kincare, K., 2007, Response of the St. Joseph River to lake level changes during the last 12,000 years in the Lake Michigan basin: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 383-394, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9045-2.","startPage":"383","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9045-2"},{"id":240183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa73e4b0c8380cd8633b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kincare, K.A.","contributorId":61876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kincare","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031033,"text":"70031033 - 2007 - Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: Prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031033","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: Prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England","docAbstract":"Effective management of introduced species requires the early identification of species that pose a significant threat of becoming invasive. To better understand the invasive ecology of species in New England, USA, we compiled a character data set with which to compare non-native species that are known invaders to non-native species that are not currently known to be invasive. In contrast to previous biological trait-based models, we employed a Bayesian hierarchical analysis to identify sets of plant traits associated with invasiveness for each of three growth forms (vines, shrubs, and trees). The resulting models identify a suite of 'invasive traits' highlighting the ecology associated with invasiveness for each of three growth forms. The most effective predictors of invasiveness that emerged from our model were 'invasive elsewhere', 'fast growth rate', 'native latitudinal range', and 'growth form'. The contrast among growth forms was pronounced. For example, 'wind dispersal' was positively correlated with invasiveness in trees, but negatively correlated in shrubs and vines. The predictive model was able to correctly classify invasive plants 67% of the time (22/33), and non-invasive plants 95% of the time (204/215). A number of potential future invasive species in New England that deserve management consideration were identified. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Herron, P., Martine, C., Latimer, A., and Leicht-Young, S.A., 2007, Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: Prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England: Diversity and Distributions, v. 13, no. 5, p. 633-644, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x.","startPage":"633","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477238,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x"},{"id":238709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e24e4b0c8380cd63b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herron, P.M.","contributorId":17040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herron","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martine, C.T.","contributorId":20542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martine","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Latimer, A.M.","contributorId":24167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latimer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leicht-Young, S. A.","contributorId":41648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031263,"text":"70031263 - 2007 - Mars global digital dune database and initial science results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:40:05","indexId":"70031263","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars global digital dune database and initial science results","docAbstract":"A new Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3) constructed using Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) infrared (IR) images provides a comprehensive and quantitative view of the geographic distribution of moderate‐ to large‐size dune fields (area >1 km2) that will help researchers to understand global climatic and sedimentary processes that have shaped the surface of Mars. MGD3 extends from 65°N to 65°S latitude and includes ∼550 dune fields, covering ∼70,000 km2, with an estimated total volume of ∼3,600 km3. This area, when combined with polar dune estimates, suggests moderate‐ to large‐size dune field coverage on Mars may total ∼800,000 km2, ∼6 times less than the total areal estimate of ∼5,000,000 km2 for terrestrial dunes. Where availability and quality of THEMIS visible (VIS) or Mars Orbiter Camera narrow‐angle (MOC NA) images allow, we classify dunes and include dune slipface measurements, which are derived from gross dune morphology and represent the prevailing wind direction at the last time of significant dune modification. For dunes located within craters, the azimuth from crater centroid to dune field centroid (referred to as dune centroid azimuth) is calculated and can provide an accurate method for tracking dune migration within smooth‐floored craters. These indicators of wind direction are compared to output from a general circulation model (GCM). Dune centroid azimuth values generally correlate to regional wind patterns. Slipface orientations are less well correlated, suggesting that local topographic effects may play a larger role in dune orientation than regional winds.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002943","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hayward, R., Mullins, K.F., Fenton, L.K., Hare, T.M., Titus, T.N., Bourke, M.C., Colaprete, A., and Christensen, P.R., 2007, Mars global digital dune database and initial science results: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 112, no. 11, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002943.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je002943","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5223e4b0c8380cd6c1a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayward, Rosalyn K. 0000-0002-7428-0311 rhayward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-0311","contributorId":571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"Rosalyn K.","email":"rhayward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, Kevin F.","contributorId":47950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenton, Lori K.","contributorId":208682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenton","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":37319,"text":"SETI Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bourke, Mary C.","contributorId":105992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourke","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Colaprete, Anthony","contributorId":197548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colaprete","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Christensen, Phillip R.","contributorId":18098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70031035,"text":"70031035 - 2007 - Interaction and influence of two creeks on Escherichia coli concentrations of nearby beaches: Exploration of predictability and mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-29T09:32:49","indexId":"70031035","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction and influence of two creeks on Escherichia coli concentrations of nearby beaches: Exploration of predictability and mechanisms","docAbstract":"The impact of river outfalls on beach water quality depends on numerous interacting factors. The delivery of contaminants by multiple creeks greatly complicates understanding of the source contributions, especially when pollution might originate up- or down-coast of beaches. We studied two beaches along Lake Michigan that are located between two creek outfalls to determine the hydrometeorologic factors influencing near-shore microbiologic water quality and the relative impact of the creeks. The creeks continuously delivered water with high concentrations of Escherichia coli to Lake Michigan, and the direction of transport of these bacteria was affected by current direction. Current direction reversals were associated with elevated E. coli concentrations at Central Avenue beach. Rainfall, barometric pressure, wave height, wave period, and creek specific conductance were significantly related to E. coli concentration at the beaches and were the parameters used in predictive models that best described E. coli variation at the two beaches. Multiple inputs to numerous beaches complicates the analysis and understanding of the relative relationship of sources but affords opportunities for showing how these complex creek inputs might interact to yield collective or individual effects on beach water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0025","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M., Whitman, R., Frick, W., and Ge, Z., 2007, Interaction and influence of two creeks on Escherichia coli concentrations of nearby beaches: Exploration of predictability and mechanisms: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 36, no. 5, p. 1338-1345, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0025.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1338","endPage":"1345","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0025"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ca9e4b0c8380cd62f14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frick, W.E.","contributorId":18169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ge, Z.","contributorId":99769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031256,"text":"70031256 - 2007 - On the choice of statistical models for estimating occurrence and extinction from animal surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70031256","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the choice of statistical models for estimating occurrence and extinction from animal surveys","docAbstract":"In surveys of natural animal populations the number of animals that are present and available to be detected at a sample location is often low, resulting in few or no detections. Low detection frequencies are especially common in surveys of imperiled species; however, the choice of sampling method and protocol also may influence the size of the population that is vulnerable to detection. In these circumstances, probabilities of animal occurrence and extinction will generally be estimated more accurately if the models used in data analysis account for differences in abundance among sample locations and for the dependence between site-specific abundance and detection. Simulation experiments are used to illustrate conditions wherein these types of models can be expected to outperform alternative estimators of population site occupancy and extinction. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-0006.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., 2007, On the choice of statistical models for estimating occurrence and extinction from animal surveys: Ecology, v. 88, no. 11, p. 2773-2782, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0006.1.","startPage":"2773","endPage":"2782","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487661,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0006.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0006.1"}],"volume":"88","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dbce4b0c8380cd752cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031038,"text":"70031038 - 2007 - Integrating laboratory creep compaction data with numerical fault models: A Bayesian framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T12:24:12.666509","indexId":"70031038","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating laboratory creep compaction data with numerical fault models: A Bayesian framework","docAbstract":"[1] We developed a robust Bayesian inversion scheme to plan and analyze laboratory creep compaction experiments. We chose a simple creep law that features the main parameters of interest when trying to identify rate-controlling mechanisms from experimental data. By integrating the chosen creep law or an approximation thereof, one can use all the data, either simultaneously or in overlapping subsets, thus making more complete use of the experiment data and propagating statistical variations in the data through to the final rate constants. Despite the nonlinearity of the problem, with this technique one can retrieve accurate estimates of both the stress exponent and the activation energy, even when the porosity time series data are noisy. Whereas adding observation points and/or experiments reduces the uncertainty on all parameters, enlarging the range of temperature or effective stress significantly reduces the covariance between stress exponent and activation energy. We apply this methodology to hydrothermal creep compaction data on quartz to obtain a quantitative, semiempirical law for fault zone compaction in the interseismic period. Incorporating this law into a simple direct rupture model, we find marginal distributions of the time to failure that are robust with respect to errors in the initial fault zone porosity.
Flexible time budgets allow individual animals to buffer the effects of variable food availability by allocating more time to foraging when food density decreases. This trait should be especially important for marine predators that forage on patchy and ephemeral food resources. We examined flexible time allocation by a long-lived marine predator, the Common Murre (Uria aalge), using data collected in a five-year study at three colonies in Alaska (USA) with contrasting environmental conditions. Annual hydroacoustic surveys revealed an order-of-magnitude variation in food density among the 15 colony-years of study. We used data on parental time budgets and local prey density to test predictions from two hypotheses: Hypothesis A, the colony attendance of seabirds varies nonlinearly with food density; and Hypothesis B, flexible time allocation of parent murres buffers chicks against variable food availability. Hypothesis A was supported; colony attendance by murres was positively correlated with food over a limited range of poor-to-moderate food densities, but independent of food over a broader range of higher densities. This is the first empirical evidence for a nonlinear response of a marine predator's time budget to changes in prey density. Predictions from Hypothesis B were largely supported: (1) chick-feeding rates were fairly constant over a wide range of densities and only dropped below 3.5 meals per day at the low end of prey density, and (2) there was a nonlinear relationship between chick-feeding rates and time spent at the colony, with chick-feeding rates only declining after time at the colony by the nonbrooding parent was reduced to a minimum. The ability of parents to adjust their foraging time by more than 2 h/d explains why they were able to maintain chick-feeding rates of more than 3.5 meals/d across a 10-fold range in local food density. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/06-1695.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Harding, A., Piatt, J.F., Schmutz, J.A., Shultz, M., van Pelt, T.I., Kettle, A.B., and Speckman, S., 2007, Prey density and the behavioral flexibility of a marine predator: The common murre (Uria aalge): Ecology, v. 88, no. 8, p. 2024-2033, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1695.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2024","endPage":"2033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1695.1"}],"volume":"88","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b7ce4b0c8380cd7e275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harding, A.M.A.","contributorId":29088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shultz, M.T.","contributorId":62006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kettle, Arthur B.","contributorId":98064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettle","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031183,"text":"70031183 - 2007 - Distribution and sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits along the Cascadia margin of western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T12:08:53.278746","indexId":"70031183","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits along the Cascadia margin of western North America","docAbstract":"Tsunami deposits have been found at more than 60 sites along the Cascadia margin of Western North America, and here we review and synthesize their distribution and sedimentary characteristics based on the published record. Cascadia tsunami deposits are best preserved, and most easily identified, in low-energy coastal environments such as tidal marshes, back-barrier marshes and coastal lakes where they occur as anomalous layers of sand within peat and mud. They extend up to a kilometer inland in open coastal settings and several kilometers up river valleys. They are distinguished from other sediments by a combination of sedimentary character and stratigraphic context. Recurrence intervals range from 300–1000 years with an average of 500–600 years. The tsunami deposits have been used to help evaluate and mitigate tsunami hazards in Cascadia. They show that the Cascadia subduction zone is prone to great earthquakes that generate large tsunamis. The inclusion of tsunami deposits on inundation maps, used in conjunction with results from inundation models, allows a more accurate assessment of areas subject to tsunami inundation. The application of sediment transport models can help estimate tsunami flow velocity and wave height, parameters which are necessary to help establish evacuation routes and plan development in tsunami prone areas.
A field evaluation of two new dissolved-oxygen sensing technologies, the Aanderaa Instruments AS optode model 3830 and the Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., model SBE43, was carried out at about 32-m water depth in western Massachusetts Bay. The optode is an optical sensor that measures fluorescence quenching by oxygen molecules, while the SBE43 is a Clark polarographic membrane sensor. Optodes were continuously deployed on bottom tripod frames by exchanging sensors every 4 months over a 19-month period. A Sea-Bird SBE43 was added during one 4-month deployment. These moored observations compared well with oxygen measurements from profiles collected during monthly shipboard surveys conducted by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. The mean correlation coefficient between the moored measurements and shipboard survey data was >0.9, the mean difference was 0.06 mL L−1, and the standard deviation of the difference was 0.15 mL L−1. The correlation coefficient between the optode and the SBE43 was >0.9 and the mean difference was 0.07 mL L−1. Optode measurements degraded when fouling was severe enough to block oxygen molecules from entering the sensing foil over a significant portion of the sensing window. Drift observed in two optodes beginning at about 225 and 390 days of deployment is attributed to degradation of the sensing foil. Flushing is necessary to equilibrate the Sea-Bird sensor. Power consumption by the SBE43 and required pump was 19.2 mWh per sample, and the optode consumed 0.9 mWh per sample, both within expected values based on manufacturers’ specifications.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JTECH2078.1","usgsCitation":"Martini, M.A., Butman, B., and Mickelson, M.J., 2007, Long-term performance of Aanderaa optodes and sea-bird SBE-43 dissolved-oxygen sensors bottom mounted at 32 m in Massachusetts Bay: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v. 24, no. 11, p. 1924-1935, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH2078.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1924","endPage":"1935","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech2078.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.03759765625,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -69.686279296875,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -69.686279296875,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -71.03759765625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -71.03759765625,\n 41.64007838467894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49a1e4b0c8380cd6877d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickelson, Michael J.","contributorId":54020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}