In the Western United States, the availability of water has become a serious concern for many communities and rural areas. Near population centers, surface-water supplies are fully appropriated, and many communities are dependent upon ground water drawn from storage, which is an unsustainable strategy. Water of acceptable quality is increasingly hard to find because local sources are allocated to prior uses, depleted by overpumping, or diminished by drought stress. Some of the inherent characteristics of the West add complexity to the task of securing water supplies. The Western States, including the arid Southwest, have the most rapid population growth in the United States. The climate varies widely in the West, but it is best known for its low precipitation, aridity, and drought. There is evidence that the climate is warming, which will have consequences for Western water supplies, such as increased minimum streamflow and earlier snowmelt events in snow-dominated basins. The potential for departures from average climatic conditions threatens to disrupt society and local to regional economies. The appropriative rights doctrine governs the management of water in most Western States, although some aspects of the riparian doctrine are being incorporated. The 'use it or lose it' provisions of Western water law discourage conservation and make the reallocation of water to instream environmental uses more difficult. The hydrologic sciences have defined the interconnectedness of ground water and surface water, yet these resources are still administered separately by most States. The definition of water availability has been expanded to include sustaining riparian ecosystems and individual endangered species, which are disproportionately represented in the Western States. Federal reserved rights, common in the West because of the large amount of Federal land, exist with quite senior priority dates whether or not water is currently being used. A major challenge for water users in the West is that these reserved rights may supersede other existing users. The minimum amount of water required, however, to sustain native peoples, a riparian system, or an endangered species eventually will need to be known in order to manage the available water supply. Periodic inventory and assessment of the amounts and trends of water available in surface water and ground water are needed to support water management. There is a widespread perception that the amount of available water is diminishing with time. This and other perceptions about water availability should be replaced by objective data and analysis. Some data are presented here for the major Western rivers that show that flows are not decreasing in most streams and rivers in the West. Systematic information is lacking to make broad assessments of ground-water availability, but available data for specific aquifers indicate that these aquifers are being depleted, especially near population centers. The complexity added to the issue of Western water availability by these and other factors gives rise to a significant role of science. Science has played a role in support of Western water development from the beginning, and the role has evolved and changed over time as society's values have changed. In this report, the role of science is discussed in three phases: (1) development and construction, (2) consequences and environmental awareness, and (3) sustainability. The development and construction phase includes some historical accounting of water development in the West and shows how some precedents set in those early days are still applied today.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1261","isbn":"060795585","usgsCitation":"Anderson, M.T., and Woosley, L.H., 2005, Water availability for the Western United States--Key scientific challenges: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1261, xi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1261.","productDescription":"xi, 85 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1261.jpg"},{"id":7158,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/circ1261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388606,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73994.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.7500,\n 25.8378\n ],\n [\n -93.5069,\n 25.8378\n ],\n [\n -93.5069,\n 49.00\n ],\n [\n -124.7500,\n 49.00\n ],\n [\n -124.7500,\n 25.8378\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd42d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Mark Theodore 0000-0002-1477-6788 manders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-6788","contributorId":76020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mark","email":"manders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Theodore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woosley, Lloyd H. Jr.","contributorId":95154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woosley","given":"Lloyd","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72722,"text":"ds141 - 2005 - Occurrence of selected pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical compounds, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2002 to 2005, Volume 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T19:47:05","indexId":"ds141","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"141","title":"Occurrence of selected pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical compounds, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2002 to 2005, Volume 2","docAbstract":"This document is the second volume of a data series report that describes the data collected during a study conducted during 2001 through 2005 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the City of Lincoln, at an established riverbank-filtration well field with horizontal collector wells and vertical wells. The data were collected as part of a study designed to help researchers better understand the efficiency of riverbank filtration with respect to endocrine disrupting compounds and to evaluate the use of riverbank filtration as an effective means of drinking-water treatment. This study provides information that will be useful for (1) increased understanding of the processes and factors controlling the transport of endocrine disrupters, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals during riverbank filtration, (2) better understanding of the physical and chemical processes that affect riverbank-filtration efficiency, and (3) managing the water resources of the eastern Platte River Basin. This report presents analytical methods and additional data for pharmaceuticals, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nanometer (nm) wavelength (UV254), specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (NPECs), and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios that were not available at the time of publication of Volume 1 in the data series. Data are presented as generalized statistics and in figures showing temporal variations.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nSites from which water-quality samples were collected for this study included wastewater sites (a cattle feedlot lagoon, a hog confinement lagoon, and wastewater-treatment plant effluent), surface-water sites (Platte River, Salt Creek, and Loup Power Canal), ground-water sites (one collector well and five vertical wells), and drinking-water sites (raw and finished). Field water-quality properties also were measured in samples from these sites.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPharmaceuticals detected at least once in samples collected from the Platte River included 1,7-dimethylxanthine, acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazapine, and cotinine. Among the ground-water samples, pharmaceutical compounds detected at low concentrations in at least one sample included 1,7-dimethylxanthine, acetaminophen, carbamazapine, and trimethoprim.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nWhen analyzing for non-pharmaceutical compounds in samples from the wastewater sites, the wastewater-treatment plant effluent samples had the highest concentrations of each of NTA, EDTA, and NPECs compounds. Surface-water samples from Salt Creek had higher concentrations of EDTA and NPECs than samples from the Platte River. NTA was not detected in any samples from the ground-water sites. EDTA was detected in all samples from all wells. Detectable concentrations of EDTA were also observed in all samples from the raw water and finished water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds141","usgsCitation":"Vogel, J.R., Barber, L.B., Furlong, E., Coplen, T., Verstraeten, I., and Meyer, M.T., 2005, Occurrence of selected pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical compounds, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2002 to 2005, Volume 2: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 141, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds141.","productDescription":"92 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska ","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.073486328125,\n 41.87774145109676\n ],\n [\n -102.23876953125,\n 41.21998578493921\n ],\n [\n -101.634521484375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -100.32714843749999,\n 40.90520969727358\n ],\n [\n -98.865966796875,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -97.42675781249999,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 41.1290213474951\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -95.888671875,\n 41.16211393939692\n ],\n [\n -96.1962890625,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -96.866455078125,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -97.503662109375,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -98.93188476562499,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -99.54711914062499,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -100.294189453125,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -101.634521484375,\n 41.261291493919884\n ],\n [\n -102.28271484375,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -103.1396484375,\n 41.763117447005875\n ],\n [\n -103.546142578125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -104.073486328125,\n 41.87774145109676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db692209","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":72709,"text":"sir20055220 - 2005 - Analysis of pesticides in surface water and sediment from Yolo Bypass, California, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:54:14","indexId":"sir20055220","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5220","title":"Analysis of pesticides in surface water and sediment from Yolo Bypass, California, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"Inputs to the Yolo Bypass are potential sources of pesticides that could impact critical life stages of native fish. To assess the direct inputs during inundation, pesticide concentrations were analyzed in water, in suspended and bed-sediment samples collected from six source watersheds to the Yolo Bypass, and from three sites within the Bypass in 2004 and 2005. Water samples were collected in February 2004 from the six input sites to the Bypass during the first flood event of the year representing pesticide inputs during high-flow events. Samples were also collected along a transect across the Bypass in early March 2004 and from three sites within the Bypass in the spring of 2004 under low-flow conditions. Low-flow data were used to understand potential pesticide contamination and its effects on native fish if water from these areas were used to flood the Bypass in dry years. To assess loads of pesticides to the Bypass associated with suspended sediments, large-volume water samples were collected during high flows in 2004 and 2005 from three sites, whereas bed sediments were collected from six sites in the fall of 2004 during the dry season. Thirteen current-use pesticides were detected in surface water samples collected during the study. The highest pesticide concentrations detected at the input sites to the Bypass corresponded to the first high-flow event of the year. The highest pesticide concentrations at the two sites sampled within the Bypass during the early spring were detected in mid-April following a major flood event as the water began to subside. The pesticides detected and their concentrations in the surface waters varied by site; however, hexazinone and simazine were detected at all sites and at some of the highest concentrations. Thirteen current-use pesticides and three organochlorine insecticides were detected in bed and suspended sediments collected in 2004 and 2005. The pesticides detected and their concentrations varied by site and sediment sample type. Trifluralin, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDT were highest in the bed sediments, whereas oxyfluorfen and thiobencarb were highest in the suspended sediments. With the exception of the three organochlorine insecticides, suspended sediments had higher pesticide concentrations compared with bed sediments, indicating the potential for pesticide transport throughout the Bypass, especially during high-flow events. Understanding the distribution of pesticides between the water and sediment is needed to assess fate and transport within the Bypass and to evaluate the potential effects on native fish.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055220","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., Orlando, J., and Kuivila, K., 2005, Analysis of pesticides in surface water and sediment from Yolo Bypass, California, 2004-2005 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5220, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055220.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7117,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5220/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dd98b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L.","contributorId":16105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72716,"text":"sir20055091 - 2005 - Hydrogeologic setting and conceptual hydrologic model of the Spring Creek Basin, Centre County, Pennsylvania, June 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T20:57:46.633919","indexId":"sir20055091","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5091","title":"Hydrogeologic setting and conceptual hydrologic model of the Spring Creek Basin, Centre County, Pennsylvania, June 2005","docAbstract":"The Spring Creek Basin, Centre County, Pa., is experiencing some of the most rapid growth and development within the Commonwealth. This trend has resulted in land-use changes and increased water use, which will affect the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff, surface water, ground water, and aquatic resources within the basin. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the ClearWater Conservancy (CWC), Spring Creek Watershed Community (SCWC), and Spring Creek Watershed Commission (SCWCm), has developed a Watershed Plan (Plan) to assist decision makers in water-resources planning. One element of the Plan is to provide a summary of the basin characteristics and a conceptual model that incorporates the hydrogeologic characteristics of the basin. The report presents hydrogeologic data for the basin and presents a conceptual model that can be used as the basis for simulating surface-water and ground-water flow within the basin. Basin characteristics; sources of data referenced in this text; physical characteristics such as climate, physiography, topography, and land use; hydrogeologic characteristics; and water-quality characteristics are discussed. A conceptual model is a simplified description of the physical components and interaction of the surface- and ground-water systems. The purpose for constructing a conceptual model is to simplify the problem and to organize the available data so that the system can be analyzed accurately. Simplification is necessary, because a complete accounting of a system, such as Spring Creek, is not possible. The data and the conceptual model could be used in development of a fully coupled numerical model that dynamically links surface water, ground water, and land-use changes. The model could be used by decision makers to manage water resources within the basin and as a prototype that is transferable to other watersheds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055091","usgsCitation":"Fulton, J.W., Koerkle, E.H., McAuley, S.D., Hoffman, S.A., and Zarr, L.F., 2005, Hydrogeologic setting and conceptual hydrologic model of the Spring Creek Basin, Centre County, Pennsylvania, June 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5091, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055091.","productDescription":"91 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393933,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75464.htm"},{"id":7157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5091/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Centre County","otherGeospatial":"Spring Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.0333,\n 40.7181\n ],\n [\n -77.6708,\n 40.7181\n ],\n [\n -77.6708,\n 40.9333\n ],\n [\n -78.0333,\n 40.9333\n ],\n [\n -78.0333,\n 40.7181\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, John W. 0000-0002-5335-0720 jwfulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":2298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","email":"jwfulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koerkle, Edward H. ekoerkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koerkle","given":"Edward","email":"ekoerkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, Steven D.","contributorId":81895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, Scott A. shoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Scott","email":"shoffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zarr, Linda F. lfzarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":2631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarr","given":"Linda","email":"lfzarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":72698,"text":"sir20055180 - 2005 - Quantification of fish habitat in selected reaches of the Marmaton and Marais des Cygnes Rivers, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-13T10:36:53","indexId":"sir20055180","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5180","title":"Quantification of fish habitat in selected reaches of the Marmaton and Marais des Cygnes Rivers, Missouri","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation, undertook a study to quantify fish habitat by using relations between streamflow and the spatial and temporal distributions of fish habitat at five sites in the Marmaton and Marais des Cygnes Rivers in western Missouri. Twenty-six fish habitat categories were selected for nine species under varying seasonal (spring, summer, and fall), diel (summer day and night), and life-stage (spawning, juvenile, and adult) conditions. Physical habitat characteristics were determined for each category using depth, velocity, and channel substrate criteria. Continuous streamflow data were then combined with the habitat-streamflow relations to compile a habitat time series for each habitat category at each site.\r\n\r\nFish habitat categories were assessed as to their vulnerability to habitat alteration based on critical life stages (spawning and juvenile rearing periods) and susceptibility to habitat limitations from dewatering or high flows. Species categories representing critical life stages with physical habitat limitations represent likely bottlenecks in fish populations. Categories with potential bottlenecks can serve as indicator categories and aid managers when determining the flows necessary for maintaining these habitats under altered flow regimes.\r\n\r\nThe relation between the area of each habitat category and streamflow differed greatly between category, season, and stream reach. No single flow maximized selected habitat area for all categories or even for all species/category within a particular season at a site. However, some similarities were noted among habitat characteristics, including the streamflow range for which habitat availability is maximized and the range of streamflows for which a habitat category area is available at the Marmaton River sites.\r\n\r\nA monthly habitat time series was created for all 26 habitat categories at two Marmaton River sites. A daily habitat time series was created at three Marais des Cygnes River sites for two periods: 1941 through 1963 (pre-regulation) and 1982 through 2003 (post-regulation). The habitat category with the highest median area in spring was paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) with normalized areas of up to 2,000 square meters per 100 meters of stream channel. Flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) habitat area generally was the category area most available in summer and fall. Differences in daily selected habitat area time series between pre- and post-regulation time periods varied by species/category and by site. For instance, whereas there was a decline in the distribution of spring spawning habitat for suckermouth minnow (Phenacobius mirabilis) and slenderhead darter (Percina phoxocephala) from pre- to post-regulation periods at all three sites, the 25 to 75 percentile habitat area substantially increased for paddlefish under post-regulation conditions.\r\n\r\nPotential habitat area for most species was maximized at the Marmaton River sites at flows of about 1 to 10 cubic meters per second, whereas median monthly streamflows ranged from less than 1 to 20 cubic meters per second depending on site and season. Paddlefish habitat was available beginning at higher flows than other categories (4 to 7 cubic meters per second) and also maximized at higher flows (greater than 50 to 100 cubic meters per second). Selected potential habitat area was maximized for most species at the Marais des Cygnes River sites at flows of about 1 to 50 cubic meters per second, whereas median monthly streamflows ranged from 4 to 55 cubic meters per second depending on site and season. \r\n\r\nThe range of streamflows for which selected habitat area was available in summer and fall was substantially less at the channelized Marais des Cygnes River site when compared to the non-channelized sites, and, therefore, the susceptibility of categories to high-flow habitat limitations was greater at this site. The channelized reach was more unifor","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Richards, J.M., Brewer, S.K., and Norman, R.D., 2005, Quantification of fish habitat in selected reaches of the Marmaton and Marais des Cygnes Rivers, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5180, vii, 58 p. : ill., col. map ; 28 cm.+ 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055180.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p. : ill., col. map ; 28 cm.+ 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9283,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64e947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norman, Richard D. rnorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Richard","email":"rnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72695,"text":"ofr20051368 - 2005 - Analysis of mercury wet-deposition data collected with a newly designed sampler, Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area, 2002-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T16:38:22","indexId":"ofr20051368","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1368","title":"Analysis of mercury wet-deposition data collected with a newly designed sampler, Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area, 2002-04","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051368","usgsCitation":"Chalmers, A., Nilles, M.A., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Prestbo, E., 2005, Analysis of mercury wet-deposition data collected with a newly designed sampler, Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area, 2002-04: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1368, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051368.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7112,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1368/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","city":"Boston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.246337890625,\n 42.273244264402734\n ],\n [\n -70.8673095703125,\n 42.273244264402734\n ],\n [\n -70.8673095703125,\n 42.48019996901214\n ],\n [\n -71.246337890625,\n 42.48019996901214\n ],\n [\n -71.246337890625,\n 42.273244264402734\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6802c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalmers, Ann","contributorId":23604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nilles, Mark A. manilles@usgs.gov","contributorId":3171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilles","given":"Mark","email":"manilles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prestbo, Eric","contributorId":77003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prestbo","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72697,"text":"sir20045236 - 2005 - Hydrogeochemical studies of historical mining areas in the Humboldt River basin and adjacent areas, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:54","indexId":"sir20045236","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5236","title":"Hydrogeochemical studies of historical mining areas in the Humboldt River basin and adjacent areas, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"The study area comprises the Humboldt River Basin and adjacent areas, with emphasis on mining areas relatively close to the Humboldt River. The basin comprises about 16,840 mi2 or 10,800,000 acres. The mineral resources of the Humboldt Basin have been investigated by many scientists over the past 100 years, but only recently has our knowledge of regional geology and mine geology been applied to the understanding and evaluation of mining effects on water and environmental quality. The investigations reported here apply some of the techniques and perspectives developed in the Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative (AMLI) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a program of integrated geological-hydrological-biological-chemical studies underway in the Upper Animas River watershed in Colorado and the Boulder River watershed in, Montana. The goal of my studies of sites and districts is to determine the character of mining-related contamination that is actively or potentially a threat to water quality and to estimate the potential for natural attenuation of that contamination. These geology-based studies and recommendations differ in matters of emphasis and data collection from the biology-based assessments that are the cornerstone of environmental regulations. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045236","isbn":"0607971673","usgsCitation":"Nash, J.T., 2005, Hydrogeochemical studies of historical mining areas in the Humboldt River basin and adjacent areas, northern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5236, 180 p.: col. ill., col. maps ; 1 CD-ROM, 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045236.","productDescription":"180 p.: col. ill., col. maps ; 1 CD-ROM, 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7114,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72693,"text":"ds134 - 2005 - South San Francisco Bay tidal marsh vegetation and elevation surveys-Corkscrew Marsh, Bird Island, and Palo Alto Baylands, California, 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"ds134","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"134","title":"South San Francisco Bay tidal marsh vegetation and elevation surveys-Corkscrew Marsh, Bird Island, and Palo Alto Baylands, California, 1983","docAbstract":"Changes in the topography and ecology of the San Francisco Bay Estuary ('Estuary') during the past 200 years have resulted in the loss of nearly 80 percent of the historical salt marsh in the region. Currently, numerous projects are being undertaken by federal, state, and local governments in an attempt to restore wetland habitat and ecosystem function at a number of locations within the Estuary. Much information is needed concerning the historical topographic and ecologic characteristics of the Estuary to facilitate these restoration efforts. \r\n\r\nThis report presents previously unpublished vegetation and elevation data collected in 1983 by the California State Lands Commission at Corkscrew marsh, Bird Island, and Palo Alto Baylands, all located in South San Francisco Bay. These precise and detailed elevation and plant surveys represent a snapshot of South Bay flora before invasion by the Atlantic smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. Such precise elevation data are rare for relatively undisturbed marshes in the San Francisco Bay; publication of these historical data may facilitate wetland restoration efforts.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nMarsh-surface and tidal-channel elevations were determined at a total of 962 stations by differential leveling to established tidal benchmark stations at each site and referenced to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) relative to the National Tidal Datum Epoch (1960-78). In addition, presence or absence of nine salt marsh species, percentage plant cover, and percentage bare soil were recorded for 1-square meter quadrats at 648 stations where elevations were determined. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nCollectively, over the three sites, salt marsh vegetation ranged in elevation from 0.98 to 2.94 m above MLLW. S. foliosa and Salicornia virginica were the most frequently observed plant species. Atriplex patula, Deschampsia cespitosa, and Limonium californicum were each recorded at only one of the three sites.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds134","usgsCitation":"Orlando, J., Drexler, J.Z., and Dedrick, K.G., 2005, South San Francisco Bay tidal marsh vegetation and elevation surveys-Corkscrew Marsh, Bird Island, and Palo Alto Baylands, California, 1983 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 134, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds134.","productDescription":"51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7110,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drexler, Judy Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":65155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dedrick, Kent G.","contributorId":21238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dedrick","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72694,"text":"sir20055224 - 2005 - Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for streams in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1970-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T12:49:52","indexId":"sir20055224","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5224","title":"Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for streams in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1970-2001","docAbstract":"The Bureau of Reclamation is considering several alternatives to meet the future municipal, rural, and industrial water-supply needs in the Red River of the North (Red River) Basin, and an environmental impact statement is being prepared to evaluate the potential effects of the various alternatives on the water quality and aquatic health in the basin in relation to the historical variability of streamflow and constituent concentration. Therefore, a water-quality trend analysis was needed to determine the amount of natural water-quality variability that can be expected to occur in the basin, to determine if significant water-quality changes have occurred as a result of human activities, to explore potential causal mechanisms for water-quality changes, and to establish a baseline from which to monitor future water-quality trends. This report presents the results of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, to analyze historical water-quality trends in two dissolved major ions, dissolved solids, three nutrients, and two dissolved trace metals for nine streamflow-gaging stations in the basin.
Annual variability in streamflow in the Red River Basin was high during the trend-analysis period (1970-2001). The annual variability affects constituent concentrations in individual tributaries to the Red River and, in turn, affects constituent concentrations in the main stem of the Red River because of the relative streamflow contribution from the tributaries to the main stem. Therefore, an annual concentration anomaly, which is an estimate of the interannual variability in concentration that can be attributed to long-term variability in streamflow, was used to analyze annual streamflow-related variability in constituent concentrations. The concentration trend is an estimate of the long-term systematic changes in concentration that are unrelated to seasonal or long-term variability in streamflow. Concentrations that have both the seasonal and annual variability removed are called standardized concentrations. Numerous changes that could not be attributed to natural streamflow-related variability occurred in the standardized concentrations during the trend-analysis period. During various times from the late 1970's to the mid-1990's, significant increases occurred in standardized dissolved sulfate, dissolved chloride, and dissolved- solids concentrations for eight of the nine stations for which water-quality trends were analyzed. Significant increases also occurred from the early 1980's to the mid-1990's for standardized dissolved nitrite plus nitrate concentrations for the main-stem stations. The increasing concentrations for the main-stem stations indicate the upward trends may have been caused by human activities along the main stem of the Red River. Significant trends for standardized total ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations occurred for most stations. The fitted trends for standardized total phosphorus concentrations for one tributary station increased from the late 1970's to the early 1980's and decreased from the early 1980's to the mid-1990's. Small but insignificant increases occurred for two main-stem stations. No trends were detected for standardized dissolved iron or dissolved manganese concentrations. However, the combination of extreme high-frequency variability, few data, and the number of censored values may have disguised the streamflow-related variability for iron.
The time-series model used to detect historical concentration trends also was used to evaluate sampling designs to monitor future water-quality trends. Various sampling designs were evaluated with regard to their sensitivity to detect both annual and seasonal trends during three 4-month seasons. A reasonable overall design for detecting trends for all stations and constituents consisted of eight samples per year, with monthly sampling from April to August and bimonthly sampling from October to February.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055224","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., 2005, Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for streams in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1970-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5224, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055224.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7111,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101.33333333333333,46 ], [ -101.33333333333333,49 ], [ -94,49 ], [ -94,46 ], [ -101.33333333333333,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72703,"text":"sir20055132 - 2005 - 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of hypabyssal igneous rocks in the Maranon Basin of Peru - A record of thermal history, structure, and alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20055132","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5132","title":"40Ar/39Ar geochronology of hypabyssal igneous rocks in the Maranon Basin of Peru - A record of thermal history, structure, and alteration","docAbstract":"Hypabyssal andesites and dacites from the Balsapuerto Dome in the Mara?on Basin of Peru record the thermal, tectonic, and alteration history of the area. The Mara?on Basin is one of 19 sub-Andean foreland basins. The hypabyssal rocks in the Balsapuerto Dome are one of four known occurrences of subvolcanic rocks along the deformation front in Peru. This dome is a potential petroleum structural trap. Petroleum seeps near the dome indicate that a source for the petroleum is present, but the extent and amount of petroleum development is unknown.\r\n\r\nThe Balsapuerto hypabyssal rocks are plagioclase-, hornblende-, pyroxene-phyric andesites to dacites. Some parts of the dome are pervasively altered to a hydrothermal assemblage of quartz-sericite-pyrite. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology shows that thermal activity related to emplacement of these subvolcanic rocks took place between 12-10 Ma, subsequent to the major periods of Andean folding and faulting, previously assumed to have occurred about 9 Ma. Eleven argon mineral age-spectrum analyses were completed. Argon apparent ages on amphibole range from 12.7 to 11.6 Ma, and the age spectra are simple, which indicates that the ages are very close to emplacement ages. Potassium feldspar yields an argon age spectrum ranging in age from 12.5 to 11.4 Ma, reflecting the period during which the potassium feldspar closed to argon diffusion between the temperature range of 350?C to about 150?C; thus the potassium feldspar age spectrum reflects a cooling profile throughout this temperature range. This age range is consistent with ages of emplacement for the entire igneous complex indicating that an increased thermal state existed in the area for at least 1.0 m.y. Combined with the coexisting hornblende age, this rock cooled from ~580?C to ~150?C in ~1.2 m.y. resulting in an average cooling rate of 358?C /m.y. White mica, or sericite, formed as a later alteration phase associated with quartz- sericite- pyrite and propylitic alteration in some samples. Three age-spectrum analyses on white mica indicate that alteration occurred at 12.5 Ma and again at 11 Ma, and suggest that alteration fluids were present throughout the range of emplacement and as long as 0.5 m.y. afterward.\r\n\r\nBased on these data, emplacement of the intrusive body(ies) began at about 12.7 Ma. The hornblende age range can be interpreted to reflect multiple periods of intrusion from 12.7 to 11.6 Ma or a period of thermal activity and high-temperature cooling during this age range. The potassium feldspar cooling age range supports either interpretation. The white mica ages indicate that at least two periods of hydrothermal activity occurred at 12.5 and 11.0 Ma, throughout the period of emplacement and cooling of the intrusive body below about 150?C. The magmatic and hydrothermal systems were active after the intrusion, with temperatures not reaching 150?C until about 1 m.y. after emplacement. Therefore, the thermal effects associated with emplacement of the intrusion and the associated hydrothermal system were probably high enough to destroy petroleum in the host and source rocks. Thus, the Balsapuerto Dome is not a viable source of petroleum. There is no evidence in the rock samples or thin sections for brittle or ductile deformation suggesting that this body was emplaced in its present location after cessation of Andean thrusting. Andean thrusting had been assumed to end about 9 Ma. However, this new data suggested that the Andean thrusting had ceased by about 12-10 Ma.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055132","usgsCitation":"Prueher, L., Erlich, R., and Snee, L., 2005, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of hypabyssal igneous rocks in the Maranon Basin of Peru - A record of thermal history, structure, and alteration (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5132, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055132.","productDescription":"41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5132.jpg"},{"id":7115,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4931e4b0b290850eef7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prueher, L.M.","contributorId":8346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prueher","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erlich, R.","contributorId":59683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erlich","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72691,"text":"sir20055108 - 2005 - Characterization of dissolved and particulate natural organic matter (NOM) in Neversink Reservoir, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"sir20055108","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5108","title":"Characterization of dissolved and particulate natural organic matter (NOM) in Neversink Reservoir, New York","docAbstract":"Natural organic matter (NOM) was isolated from the water of the Neversink Reservoir, part of the New York City water supply, located in the Catskill Mountains of New York. The NOM was fractionated into the following nine different fractions by the isolation procedure: (1) coarse particulates, (2) fine-particulate organics, (3) solvent-extractable organics, (4) hydrophobic neutrals (HPON fraction), (5) dissolved colloids, (6) bases, (7) hydrophobic acids (HPOA), (8) transphilic acids + neutrals (TPI-A+N), and (9) hydrophilic acids + neutrals (HPI-A+N). Each of these fractions, with exception of the first and the third which were too small for the complete series of analyses, was characterized by elemental, carbohydrate, and amino acid analyses, and by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectrometry. The data obtained from these analyses indicate (1) that the fine-particulate organics and colloids are mainly composed of peptidoglycans, and lipopolysaccharides derived from algal, bacterial, and fungal cell walls, (2) that the HPO-N fraction most likely consists of a mixture of alicyclic terpenes and carbohydrates, (3) that the HPOA fraction consists mainly of lignin components conjugated to carbohydrates, (4) that the TPI-A+N and the HPI-A+N fractions most likely represent complex mixtures of relatively low molecular weight carboxylic acids derived from terpenes, carbohydrates, and peptides, and (5) that the base fraction is composed of free amino acids, browning reaction products, and peptide fragments.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055108","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., Leenheer, J.A., and Cox, L.G., 2005, Characterization of dissolved and particulate natural organic matter (NOM) in Neversink Reservoir, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5108, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055108.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7108,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenheer, Jerry A.","contributorId":72420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Larry G. lgcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":3310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Larry","email":"lgcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72692,"text":"sir20055178 - 2005 - Hydrologic response in karstic-ridge wetlands to rainfall and evapotranspiration, central Florida, 2001-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"sir20055178","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5178","title":"Hydrologic response in karstic-ridge wetlands to rainfall and evapotranspiration, central Florida, 2001-2003","docAbstract":"Two internally drained karstic wetlands in central Florida-Boggy Marsh at the Hilochee Wildlife Management Area and a large unnamed wetland at the Lyonia Preserve-were studied during 2001-03 to gain a better understanding of the net-recharge function that these wetlands provide, the significance of exchanges with ground water with regard to wetland water budgets, and the variability in wetland hydrologic response to a range of climate conditions. These natural, relatively remote and unaltered wetlands were selected to provide a baseline of natural wetland hydrologic variability to which anthropogenic influences on wetland hydrology could be compared. Large departures from normal rainfall during the study were fortuitous, and allowed monitoring of hydrologic processes over a wide range of climate conditions. Wetland responses varied greatly as a result of climate conditions that ranged from moderate drought to extremely moist. Anthropogenic activities influenced water levels at both study sites; however, because these activities were brief relative to the duration of the study, sufficient data were collected during unimpacted periods to allow for the following conclusions to be made.\r\n\r\nWater budgets developed for Boggy Marsh and the Lyonia large wetland showed strong similarity between the flux terms of rainfall, evaporation, net change in storage, and the net ground-water exchange residual. Runoff was assumed to be negligible. Of the total annual flux at Boggy Marsh, rainfall accounted for 45 percent; evaporation accounted for 25 percent; net change in storage accounted for 25 percent; and the net residual accounted for 5 percent. At the Lyonia large wetland, rainfall accounted for 44 percent; evaporation accounted for 29 percent; net change in storage accounted for 21 percent; and the net residual accounted for 6 percent of the total annual flux.\r\n\r\nWetland storage and ground-water exchange were important when compared to the total water budget at both wetlands. Even though rainfall was far above average during the study, wetland evaporation volumetrically exceeded rainfall. Ground-water inflow was effective in partially offsetting the negative residual between rainfall and evaporation, thus adding to wetland storage. Ground-water inflow was most common at both wetlands when rainfall continued for days or weeks, or during a week with more than about 2.5 inches of rainfall. Large decreases in wetland storage were associated with large negative fluxes of evaporation and ground-water exchange. The response of wetland water levels to rainfall showed a strong and similar relation at both study sites; however, the greater variability in the relation of wetland water-level change to rainfall at higher rainfall rates indicated that hydrologic processes other than rainfall became more important in the response of the wetland.\r\n\r\nChanges in wetland water levels seemed to be related more to vertical gradients than to lateral gradients. The largest wetland water-level rises were associated mostly with lower vertical gradients, when vertical head differences were below the 18-month average; however, at the Lyonia large wetland, extremely large lateral gradients toward the wetland during late June 2002 may have contributed to substantial gains in wetland water. During the remainder of the study, wetland water-level rises were associated mostly with decreasing vertical gradients and highly variable lateral gradients. Conversely, wetland water-level decreases were associated mostly with increasing vertical gradients and lateral gradients away from the wetland, particularly during the dry season.\r\n\r\nThe potential for lateral ground-water exchange with the wetlands varied substantially more than that for vertical exchange. Potential for vertical losses of wetland water to ground water was highest during a dry period from December 2001 to June 2002, during the wet season of 2002, and for several months into the following dry season. Lateral he","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055178","usgsCitation":"Knowles, L., Phelps, G.G., Kinnaman, S.L., and German, E.R., 2005, Hydrologic response in karstic-ridge wetlands to rainfall and evapotranspiration, central Florida, 2001-2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5178, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055178.","productDescription":"88 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7109,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6053ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Leel Jr.","contributorId":14857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Leel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinnaman, Sandra L. 0000-0003-0271-6187 kinnaman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6187","contributorId":1757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnaman","given":"Sandra","email":"kinnaman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"German, Edward R.","contributorId":85567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72699,"text":"sir20055122 - 2005 - Surface-Water and Ground-Water Resources of Kendall County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"sir20055122","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5122","title":"Surface-Water and Ground-Water Resources of Kendall County, Illinois","docAbstract":"Water-supply needs in Kendall County, in northern Illinois, are met exclusively from ground water derived from glacial drift aquifers and bedrock aquifers open to Silurian, Ordovician, and Cambrian System units. As a result of population growth in Kendall County and the surrounding area, water use has increased from about 1.2 million gallons per day in 1957 to more than 5 million gallons per day in 2000. The purpose of this report is to characterize the surface-water and ground-water resources of Kendall County. The report presents a compilation of available information on geology, surface-water and ground-water hydrology, water quality, and water use.\r\n\r\nThe Fox River is the primary surface-water body in Kendall County and is used for both wastewater disposal and as a drinking-water supply upstream of the county. Water from the Fox River requires pretreatment for use as drinking water, but the river is a potentially viable additional source of water for the county.\r\n\r\nGlacial drift aquifers capable of yielding sufficient water for municipal supply are expected to be present in northern Kendall County, along the Fox River, and in the Newark Valley and its tributaries. Glacial drift aquifers capable of yielding sufficient water for residential supply are present in most of the county, with the exception of the southeastern portion. Volatile organic compounds and select trace metals and pesticides have been detected at low concentrations in glacial drift aquifers near waste-disposal sites. Agricultural-related constituents have been detected infrequently in glacial drift aquifers near agricultural areas. However, on the basis of the available data, widespread, consistent problems with water quality are not apparent in these aquifers. These aquifers are a viable source for additional water supply, but would require further characterization prior to full development.\r\n\r\nThe shallow bedrock aquifer is composed of the sandstone units of the Ancell Group, the Prairie du Chien Group, the Galena-Platteville dolomite, the Maquoketa Group, and the Silurian dolomite where these units are at the bedrock surface. The availability of water from the shallow bedrock aquifer depends primarily on the geologic unit utilized. The Silurian dolomite, Galena-Platteville dolomite, and Ancell Group can yield sufficient water for residential and municipal supply in at least some parts of the county.\r\n\r\nThe Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system is composed of the most widespread, productive aquifers in northern Illinois and is used for water supply by a number of municipalities and industrial facilities. Water levels in the aquifer system have declined by as much as 600 feet in Kendall County and the aquifer frequently contains concentrations of radium above established health guidelines.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20055122","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Kendall County Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Mills, P., Hogan, J.L., and Arnold, T., 2005, Surface-Water and Ground-Water Resources of Kendall County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5122, viii, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055122.","productDescription":"viii, 92 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9843,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=SIR&number=2005-5122&return_url=%2Fpubsearch%2Freports.cgi%2Fseries%3Fseries%3DSIR%3Bsortby%3Ddate","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubs/sir2005-5122.pdf","size":"27523","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.66666666666667,41.416666666666664 ], [ -88.66666666666667,41.75 ], [ -88.16666666666667,41.75 ], [ -88.16666666666667,41.416666666666664 ], [ -88.66666666666667,41.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogan, Jennifer L.","contributorId":51812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72680,"text":"sim2894 - 2005 - Bathymetric map of the south part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-05T12:53:16","indexId":"sim2894","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2894","title":"Bathymetric map of the south part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources, collected bathymetric data for the south part of Great Salt Lake during 2002–04 using a single beam, high-definition fathometer and real-time differential global positioning system. Approximately 7.6 million depth readings were collected along more than 1,050 miles of survey transects for construction of this map. Sound velocities were obtained in conjunction with the bathymetric data to provide time-of-travel corrections to the depth calculations. Data were processed with commercial hydrographic software and exported into geographic information system (GIS) software for mapping. Because of the shallow nature of the lake and the limitations of the instrumentation, contours above an altitude of 4,193 feet were digitized from existing USGS 1:24,000 source-scale digital line graph data.
For additional information on methods used to derive the bathymetric contours for this map, please see Baskin, Robert L., 2005, Calculation of area and volume for the south part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR–2005–1327.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/sim2894","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resource","usgsCitation":"Baskin, R.L., and Allen, D.V., 2005, Bathymetric map of the south part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2894, 1 Map: 31 x 38 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2894.","productDescription":"1 Map: 31 x 38 in.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334779,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20051327","text":"Open-File Report 2005-1327: Calculation of area and volume for the south part of Great Salt Lake, Utah"},{"id":334778,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2894/PDF/SIM2894.pdf","text":"Map"},{"id":7079,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2894/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.86749999999999,40.6175 ], [ -112.86749999999999,41.25 ], [ -111.86749999999999,41.25 ], [ -111.86749999999999,40.6175 ], [ -112.86749999999999,40.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db64073a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baskin, Robert L. 0000-0002-2175-8502 rbaskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-8502","contributorId":360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"Robert","email":"rbaskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, David V.","contributorId":75989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72684,"text":"sir20055242 - 2005 - Assessment of a model of forest dynamics under contrasting climate and disturbance regimes in the Pacific Northwest [FORCLIM]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:58","indexId":"sir20055242","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5242","title":"Assessment of a model of forest dynamics under contrasting climate and disturbance regimes in the Pacific Northwest [FORCLIM]","docAbstract":"An individual-based model of forest dynamics (FORCLIM) was tested for its ability to simulate forest composition and structure in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Simulation results across gradients of climate and disturbance were compared to forest survey data from several vegetation zones in western Oregon. Modelled patterns of tree species composition, total basal area and stand height across climate gradients matched those in the forest survey data. However, the density of small stems (<50 cm DBH) was underestimated by the model. Thus actual size-class structure and other density-based parameters of stand structure were not simulated with high accuracy. The addition of partial-stand disturbances at moderate frequencies (<0.01 yr-1) often improved agreement between simulated and actual results. Strengths and weaknesses of the FORCLIM model in simulating forest dynamics and structure in the Pacific Northwest are discussed.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055242","usgsCitation":"Busing, R.T., and Solomon, A.M., 2005, Assessment of a model of forest dynamics under contrasting climate and disturbance regimes in the Pacific Northwest [FORCLIM]: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5242, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055242.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7081,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busing, Richard T.","contributorId":13303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busing","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, Allen M.","contributorId":20394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72683,"text":"sir20055203 - 2005 - Occurrence and distribution of pesticide compounds in surface water of the Santa Ana basin, California, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:58","indexId":"sir20055203","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5203","title":"Occurrence and distribution of pesticide compounds in surface water of the Santa Ana basin, California, 1998-2001","docAbstract":" A study of the occurrence and distribution of pesticide compounds in surface water of the highly urbanized Santa Ana Basin, California, was done as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA). One-hundred and forty-eight samples were collected from 23 sites, and analyzed for pesticide compounds during the study period from November 1998 to September 2001. Sixty-six different pesticide compounds were detected at varying frequencies and concentrations, and one or more pesticides were detected in 92 percent of the samples. All pesticide concentrations were below maximum levels permitted in drinking water. However, two compounds-diazinon and diuron-exceeded nonenforceable drinking water health-advisory levels in at least one stream sample, and five compounds exceeded guidelines to protect aquatic life-carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, lindane, and malathion. Twenty-two pesticide compounds were detected in at least 25 percent of the samples collected from any one fixed site. These are identified as 'major' pesticide compounds and are emphasized in this report. \r\n\r\n The degree to which pesticides were used in the basin, as well as their physical-chemical properties, are important explanatory factors in stream pesticide occurrence, and most pesticides probably enter streams with urban runoff. Stormflow substantially increases urban runoff, and storm effects on stream pesticide concentrations sometimes persist for several days or weeks after the storm. Water sources other than urban runoff also deliver pesticide compounds to surface water in the basin. For example, atrazine may enter streams in gaining reaches where ground water carries high loads as a result of historical use in the basin. Also, the data suggest that lindane, and perhaps bromacil, are present in treated wastewater, the predominant source of water to streams in the Santa Ana Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055203","usgsCitation":"Kent, R., Belitz, K., Altmann, A.J., Wright, M.T., and Mendez, G.O., 2005, Occurrence and distribution of pesticide compounds in surface water of the Santa Ana basin, California, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5203, 152 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055203.","productDescription":"152 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, Robert 0000-0003-4174-9467","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-9467","contributorId":20005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Altmann, Andrea J.","contributorId":14904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altmann","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mendez, Gregory O. 0000-0002-9955-3726 gomendez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-3726","contributorId":1489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendez","given":"Gregory","email":"gomendez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":72681,"text":"ofr20051327 - 2005 - Calculation of area and volume for the south part of Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-05T12:53:11","indexId":"ofr20051327","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1327","title":"Calculation of area and volume for the south part of Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources, collected bathymetric data for the south part of Great Salt Lake during 2002-04 using a single-beam, high-definition fathometer and real-time differential global positioning system. About 7.6 million depth measurements were collected along more than 930 miles (1,690 kilometers) of survey transects. Sound-velocity profiles were obtained in conjunction with the bathymetric data to provide time-of-travel corrections to the depth calculations. Data were processed with commercial hydrographic software and exported into geographic information system (GIS) software for mapping and calculation of area and volume. Area and volume calculations show a maximum area of about 508,000 acres (2,056 square kilometers) and a maximum volume of about 9,257,000 acre-feet (11.42 cubic kilometers) at a water-surface altitude of 4,200 feet (1,280 meters). Minimum water-surface altitude of the south part of Great Salt Lake is just below 4,167 feet (1,279 meters) in the area just south of the Union Pacific railroad causeway halfway between Promontory Point and the western edge of the lake. At this altitude, and continuing up to about 4,176 feet (1,279 meters), the south part of the lake is separated into two areas by a ridge extending from Promontory Point to Hat Island. Calculations for area and volume are based on a low altitude of 4,167 feet (1,279 meters) to a high altitude of 4,200 feet (1,280 meters).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051327","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources","usgsCitation":"Baskin, R.L., 2005, Calculation of area and volume for the south part of Great Salt Lake, Utah (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1327, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051327.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334781,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sim2894","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 2894: Bathymetric map of the south part of Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2005"},{"id":7078,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1327/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334780,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1327/PDF/OFR2005-1327.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.86749999999999,40.6175 ], [ -112.86749999999999,41.25 ], [ -111.86749999999999,41.25 ], [ -111.86749999999999,40.6175 ], [ -112.86749999999999,40.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","publicComments":"Use with Scientific Investigations Map 2894","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f968a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baskin, Robert L. 0000-0002-2175-8502 rbaskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-8502","contributorId":360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"Robert","email":"rbaskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175127,"text":"wdrNY051 - 2005 - Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2005, Volume 1: Eastern New York excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:42:05","indexId":"wdrNY051","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-06T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-05-1","title":"Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2005, Volume 1: Eastern New York excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2005 water year for Eastern New York Excluding Long Island consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 145 gaging stations; stage only at 8 gaging stations; stage and contents at 6 gaging stations, and 11 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 29 gaging stations and 37 other sites; and water levels at 30 observation wells. Also included are data for 34 crest-stage partial-record stations and 50 miscellaneous-measurement sites. These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY051","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2005, Volume 1: Eastern New York excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-05-1, Summary: 9 p.; Data: vi, 996 p.; Discontinued sites: 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY051.","productDescription":"Summary: 9 p.; Data: vi, 996 p.; Discontinued sites: 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325850,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-ny-05-1/troy.disc05.pdf","text":"Discontinued Sites","size":"44.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2005-NY-05-1"},{"id":325848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-ny-05-1/rept.sum05.pdf","text":"Summary of Hydrologic Conditions","size":"229 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2005-NY-05-1"},{"id":325849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-ny-05-1/wdrny051.rept.data.pdf","text":"Surface-water, Water-quality, and Ground-water Data ","size":"34.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2005-NY-05-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.674072265625,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -74.124755859375,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -73.289794921875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -73.377685546875,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -73.355712890625,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -73.30078125,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -73.355712890625,\n 44.315987905196906\n ],\n [\n -73.399658203125,\n 44.190082025040525\n ],\n [\n -73.399658203125,\n 44.11125397357153\n ],\n [\n -73.4326171875,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -73.388671875,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -73.355712890625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -73.377685546875,\n 43.67581809328344\n ],\n [\n -73.41064453125,\n 43.58834891179792\n ],\n [\n -73.30078125,\n 43.620170616189924\n ],\n [\n -73.245849609375,\n 43.55651037504758\n ],\n [\n -73.2568359375,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -73.30078125,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -73.49853515625,\n 42.10637370579324\n ],\n [\n -73.531494140625,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 41.18692242290296\n ],\n [\n -73.443603515625,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -73.465576171875,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -73.553466796875,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -73.619384765625,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -74.036865234375,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -74.674072265625,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -74.99267578125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -75.069580078125,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -75.08056640625,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -75.091552734375,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 41.84501267270692\n ],\n [\n -75.30029296875,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -75.531005859375,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -75.640869140625,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -75.640869140625,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -75.487060546875,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -75.333251953125,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -75.35522460937499,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -76.17919921875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -76.256103515625,\n 44.03232064275084\n ],\n [\n -76.365966796875,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -76.11328125,\n 44.3002644115815\n ],\n [\n -75.95947265625,\n 44.35527821160296\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 44.61393394730626\n ],\n [\n -75.289306640625,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -75.08056640625,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -74.959716796875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -74.805908203125,\n 45.034714778688624\n ],\n [\n -74.674072265625,\n 45.01141864227728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The northern plains of Mars cover nearly a third of the planet and constitute the planet's broadest region of lowlands. Apparently formed early in Mars' history, the northern lowlands served as a repository both for sediments shed from the adjacent ancient highlands and for volcanic flows and deposits from sources within and near the lowlands. Geomorphic evidence for extensive tectonic deformation and reworking of surface materials through release of volatiles occurs throughout the northern plains. In the polar region, Planum Boreum contains evidence for the accumulation of ice and dust, and surrounding dune fields suggest widespread aeolian transport and erosion.
\nThe most recent regional- and global-scale maps describing the geology of the northern plains are largely based on Viking Orbiter image data (Dial, 1984; Witbeck and Underwood, 1984; Scott and Tanaka, 1986; Greeley and Guest, 1987; Tanaka and Scott, 1987; Tanaka and others, 1992a; Rotto and Tanaka, 1995; Crumpler and others, 2001; McGill, 2002). These maps reveal highland, plains, volcanic, and polar units based on morphologic character, albedo, and relative ages using local stratigraphic relations and crater counts.
\nThis geologic map of the northern plains is the first published map that covers a significant part of Mars using topography and image data from both the Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey missions. The new data provide a fresh perspective on the geology of the region that reveals many previously unrecognizable units, features, and temporal relations. In addition, we adapted and instituted terrestrial mapping methods and stratigraphic conventions that we think result in a clearer and more objective map. We focus on mapping with the intent of reconstructing the history of geologic activity within the northern plains, including deposition, volcanism, erosion, tectonism, impact cratering, and other processes with the aid of comprehensive crater-density determinations. Mapped areas include all plains regions within the northern hemisphere of Mars, as well as an approximately 300-km-wide strip of cratered highland and volcanic regions, which border the plains. Note that not all of the contiguous northern plains are mapped, because some minor parts of Elysium and Amazonis Planitiae lie south of the equator.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2888","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J., and Hare, T.M., 2005, Geologic map of the northern plains of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2888, Map: 57.90 x 42.44 inches; Pamphlet: i, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2888.","productDescription":"Map: 57.90 x 42.44 inches; Pamphlet: i, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim2888.jpg"},{"id":297868,"rank":101,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2888/sim2888.pdf","text":"Map","size":"61.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"},{"id":297869,"rank":102,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2888/sim2888pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":7066,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2888/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}