{"pageNumber":"95","pageRowStart":"2350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":70035577,"text":"70035577 - 2008 - Quickly erupted volcanic sections of the Steens Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group: Secular variation, tectonic rotation, and the Steens Mountain reversal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T09:05:02","indexId":"70035577","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quickly erupted volcanic sections of the Steens Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group: Secular variation, tectonic rotation, and the Steens Mountain reversal","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content mainAbstract\"><p>The Steens Basalt, now considered part of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG), contains the earliest eruptions of this magmatic episode. Lava flows of the Steens Basalt cover about 50,000 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of the Oregon Plateau in sections up to 1000 m thick. The large number of continuously exposed, quickly erupted lava flows (some sections contain over 200 flows) allows for small loops in the magnetic field direction paths to be detected. For volcanic rocks, this detail and fidelity are rarely found outside of the Holocene and yield estimates of eruption durations at our four sections of ∼2.5 ka for 260 m at Pueblo Mountains, 0.5 to 1.5 ka for 190 m at Summit Springs, 1–3 ka for 170 m at North Mickey, and ∼3 ka for 160 m at Guano Rim. That only one reversal of the geomagnetic field occurred during the eruption of the Steens Basalt (the Steens reversal at approximately 16.6 Ma) is supported by comparing<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages and magnetic polarities to the geomagnetic polarity timescale. At Summit Springs two<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages from normal polarity flows (16.72 ± ± 0.29 Ma (16.61) and 16.92 ± ± 0.52 Ma (16.82); ± ± equals 2<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>error) place their eruptions after the Steens reversal, while at Pueblo Mountains an<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age of 16.72 ± ± 0.21 Ma (16.61) from a reverse polarity flow places its eruption before the Steens reversal. Paleomagnetic field directions yielded 50 nontransitional directional-group poles which, combined with 26 from Steens Mountain, provide a paleomagnetic pole for the Oregon Plateau of 85.7°N, 318.4°E, K = 15.1, A<sub>95</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 4.3. Comparison of this new pole with a reference pole derived from CRBG flows from eastern Washington and a synthetic reference pole for North America derived from global data implies relative clockwise rotation of the Oregon Plateau of 7.4 ± 5.0° or 14.5 ± 5.4°, respectively, probably due to northward decreasing extension of the basin and range.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002067","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Jarboe, N.A., Coe, R.S., Renne, P., Glen, J.M., and Mankinen, E.A., 2008, Quickly erupted volcanic sections of the Steens Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group: Secular variation, tectonic rotation, and the Steens Mountain reversal: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 11, Article Q11010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002067.","productDescription":"Article Q11010","ipdsId":"IP-007724","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487824,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002067"}],"volume":"9","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9303e4b0c8380cd80b7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarboe, Nicholas A.","contributorId":196084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarboe","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Robert S.","contributorId":20477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renne, Paul R.","contributorId":47680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renne","given":"Paul R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G. jglen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M. G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032396,"text":"70032396 - 2008 - Genetic structure along an elevational gradient in Hawaiian honeycreepers reveals contrasting evolutionary responses to avian malaria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032396","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":955,"text":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure along an elevational gradient in Hawaiian honeycreepers reveals contrasting evolutionary responses to avian malaria","docAbstract":"Background. The Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae) are one of the best-known examples of an adaptive radiation, but their persistence today is threatened by the introduction of exotic pathogens and their vector, the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Historically, species such as the amakihi (Hemignathus virens), the apapane (Himatione sanguinea), and the iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) were found from the coastal lowlands to the high elevation forests, but by the late 1800's they had become extremely rare in habitats below 900 m. Recently, however, populations of amakihi and apapane have been observed in low elevation habitats. We used twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci to investigate patterns of genetic structure, and to infer responses of these species to introduced avian malaria along an elevational gradient on the eastern flanks of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes on the island of Hawaii. Results. Our results indicate that amakihi have genetically distinct, spatially structured populations that correspond with altitude. We detected very few apapane and no iiwi in low-elevation habitats, and genetic results reveal only minimal differentiation between populations at different altitudes in either of these species. Conclusion. Our results suggest that amakihi populations in low elevation habitats have not been recolonized by individuals from mid or high elevation refuges. After generations of strong selection for pathogen resistance, these populations have rebounded and amakihi have become common in regions in which they were previously rare or absent. ?? 2008 Eggert et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1186/1471-2148-8-315","issn":"14712","usgsCitation":"Eggert, L.S., Terwilliger, L., Woodworth, B., Hart, P., Palmer, D., and Fleischer, R., 2008, Genetic structure along an elevational gradient in Hawaiian honeycreepers reveals contrasting evolutionary responses to avian malaria: BMC Evolutionary Biology, v. 8, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-315.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476671,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-315","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-315"},{"id":241578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1584e4b0c8380cd54e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggert, Lori S.","contributorId":106325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eggert","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terwilliger, L.A.","contributorId":71775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terwilliger","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodworth, B.L.","contributorId":88538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodworth","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, P.J.","contributorId":104260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palmer, D.","contributorId":46308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fleischer, R.C.","contributorId":82259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032397,"text":"70032397 - 2008 - Mineralogical and compositional characteristics of Late Permian coals from an area of high lung cancer rate in Xuan Wei, Yunnan, China: Occurrence and origin of quartz and chamosite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032397","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogical and compositional characteristics of Late Permian coals from an area of high lung cancer rate in Xuan Wei, Yunnan, China: Occurrence and origin of quartz and chamosite","docAbstract":"Some townships in Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, have one of the highest lung cancer mortality rates in China and the epidemic disease in the area has generally been attributed to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released from domestic coal burning. However, the cancer-causing culprit is not settled as Tian [Tian, L., 2005. Coal Combustion Emissions and Lung Cancer in Xuan Wei, China. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.] found nanometer quartz in these coals, soot emissions, and lung cancer tissues. We have conducted mineralogical and geochemical studies of the coals from Xuan Wei for the purpose of shedding light on the minerals which may be related to the epidemic lung cancer. In this paper, abundances, modes of occurrence, and origins of minerals and elements in the coals from two mines in Xuan Wei have been studied using optical microscope, low-temperature ashing, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The minerals in the coals are mainly composed of quartz, chamosite, kaolinite, and calcite. The particle size of quartz is rather small, mostly less than 20????m and it is of authigenic origin. Chamosite occurs mainly as cell-fillings. The occurrence of quartz and chamosite indicates that they were derived from the hydrothermal fluids. Epigenetic calcite is derived from calcic fluids. Kaolinite is derived mainly from sediment source region of Kangdian Oldland to the west of coal basin. The composition of Xuan Wei coal is high in SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MnO, V, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn. The high SiO2 content is attributed to quartz, and the Fe2O3 content to chamosite. The high Mn and low Mg contents in the coal indicate the inputs of hydrothermal fluids. CaO occurs mainly in epigenetic calcite. Elements Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and rare earth elements were derived from the basaltic rocks at sediment source region. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.09.001","issn":"01665","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Tian, L., Chou, C.L., Zhou, Y., Zhang, M., Zhao, L., Wang, J., Yang, Z., Cao, H., and Ren, D., 2008, Mineralogical and compositional characteristics of Late Permian coals from an area of high lung cancer rate in Xuan Wei, Yunnan, China: Occurrence and origin of quartz and chamosite: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 76, no. 4, p. 318-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.09.001.","startPage":"318","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213938,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.09.001"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a91e4b0c8380cd6ef87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, S.","contributorId":9757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tian, L.","contributorId":86541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, Y.","contributorId":70526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, M.","contributorId":39161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhao, L.","contributorId":57196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Jingyuan","contributorId":10771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jingyuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yang, Z.","contributorId":97709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cao, H.","contributorId":28026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ren, D.","contributorId":79212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70033504,"text":"70033504 - 2008 - Rare measurements of a sprite with halo event driven by a negative lightning discharge over Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033504","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare measurements of a sprite with halo event driven by a negative lightning discharge over Argentina","docAbstract":"As part of a collaborative campaign to investigate Transient Lummous Events (TLEs) over South America, coordinated optical, ELF/VLF, and lightning measurements were made of a mesoscale thunderstorm observed on February 22-23, 2006 over northern Argentina that produced 445 TLEs within a ???6 hour period. Here, we report comprehensive measurements of one of these events, a sprite with halo that was unambiguously associated with a large negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharge with an impulsive vertical charge moment change (??MQv) of -503 C.km. This event was similar in its location, morphology and duration to other positive TLEs observed from this storm. However, the downward extent of the negative streamers was limited to 25 km, and their apparent brightness was lower than that of a comparable positive event. Observations of negative CG events are rare, and these measurements provide fin-ther evidence that sprites can be driven by upward as well as downward electric fields, as predicted by the conventional breakdown mechanism. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL033984","issn":"00948","usgsCitation":"Taylor, M., Bailey, M., Pautet, P., Cummer, S., Jaugey, N., Thomas, J., Solorzano, N., Sao, S.F., Holzworth, R., Pinto, O., and Schuch, N., 2008, Rare measurements of a sprite with halo event driven by a negative lightning discharge over Argentina: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033984.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487120,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl033984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033984"},{"id":242081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9525e4b0c8380cd81829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, M.J.","contributorId":81927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, M.A.","contributorId":73834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pautet, P.D.","contributorId":34734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pautet","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cummer, S.A.","contributorId":71013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummer","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaugey, N.","contributorId":48775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaugey","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, J.N.","contributorId":20988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Solorzano, N.N.","contributorId":105926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solorzano","given":"N.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sao, Sabbas F.","contributorId":11019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sao","given":"Sabbas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Holzworth, R.H.","contributorId":84571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzworth","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pinto, O.","contributorId":80094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinto","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schuch, N.J.","contributorId":12276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuch","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70033696,"text":"70033696 - 2008 - Are hotspots of evolutionary potential adequately protected in southern California?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033696","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are hotspots of evolutionary potential adequately protected in southern California?","docAbstract":"Reserves are often designed to protect rare habitats, or \"typical\" exemplars of ecoregions and geomorphic provinces. This approach focuses on current patterns of organismal and ecosystem-level biodiversity, but typically ignores the evolutionary processes that control the gain and loss of biodiversity at these and other levels (e.g., genetic, ecological). In order to include evolutionary processes in conservation planning efforts, their spatial components must first be identified and mapped. We describe a GIS-based approach for explicitly mapping patterns of genetic divergence and diversity for multiple species (a \"multi-species genetic landscape\"). Using this approach, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA datasets from 21 vertebrate and invertebrate species in southern California to identify areas with common phylogeographic breaks and high intrapopulation diversity. The result is an evolutionary framework for southern California within which patterns of genetic diversity can be analyzed in the context of historical processes, future evolutionary potential and current reserve design. Our multi-species genetic landscapes pinpoint six hotspots where interpopulation genetic divergence is consistently high, five evolutionary hotspots within which genetic connectivity is high, and three hotspots where intrapopulation genetic diversity is high. These 14 hotspots can be grouped into eight geographic areas, of which five largely are unprotected at this time. The multi-species genetic landscape approach may provide an avenue to readily incorporate measures of evolutionary process into GIS-based systematic conservation assessment and land-use planning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.009","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Vandergast, A.G., Bohonak, A., Hathaway, S., Boys, J., and Fisher, R., 2008, Are hotspots of evolutionary potential adequately protected in southern California?: Biological Conservation, v. 141, no. 6, p. 1648-1664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.009.","startPage":"1648","endPage":"1664","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.009"},{"id":241959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5ce4b0c8380cd49770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":57201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohonak, A.J.","contributorId":20554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohonak","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hathaway, S.A.","contributorId":56990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boys, J.","contributorId":44749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boys","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033754,"text":"70033754 - 2008 - Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability: Attributes of the snake, environment and trap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033754","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":837,"text":"Applied Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability: Attributes of the snake, environment and trap","docAbstract":"We examined three classes of factors that may influence brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability on Guam: (1) attributes of the snake, (2) attributes of the environment and (3) attributes of the trap. The attributes of the snake we considered included body condition, length and sex. Heavier snakes for a given size (better body condition) moved less and were less easily trapped. Longer snakes were easier to trap. Males were also slightly more easily trapped than females. We compared brown treesnake trappability between two study sites that differed greatly in the abundance of diurnal skinks, an important prey item for smaller snakes. We predicted that snakes, especially small individuals (<800 mm snout-vent length), would be more easily trapped in the low prey environment, a result that received only weak support from our data. However, small snakes were rarely trapped under any circumstance. We also predicted that diurnal foraging would be observed in the site with a higher density of diurnal prey, but daytime snake captures were negligible at both sites. Two attributes of traps that we varied were attractant (mouse vs. skink) and entrance flaps (present vs. absent). Traps with mice as attractant registered 6-16 fold more snake captures. We found little influence of entrances on captures. These modulators of brown treesnake trappability may have analogues in a variety of species, especially species that undergo an ontogenetic shift in diet. ?? 2008 Brill Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1163/157075408783489239","issn":"15707539","usgsCitation":"Boyarski, V., Savidge, J.A., and Rodda, G., 2008, Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability: Attributes of the snake, environment and trap: Applied Herpetology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 47-61, https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408783489239.","startPage":"47","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214560,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075408783489239"},{"id":242295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f28ee4b0c8380cd4b248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyarski, V.L.","contributorId":31508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyarski","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033675,"text":"70033675 - 2008 - The metallogeny of Late Triassic rifting of the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033675","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The metallogeny of Late Triassic rifting of the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia","docAbstract":"A belt of unusual volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) occurrences is located along the eastern margin of the Alexander terrane throughout southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia and exhibits a range of characteristics consistent with a variety of syngenetic to epigenetic deposit types. Deposits within this belt include Greens Creek and Windy Craggy, the economically most significant VMS deposit in Alaska and the largest in North America, respectively. The occurrences are hosted by a discontinuously exposed, 800-km-long belt of rocks that consist of a 200- to 800-m-thick sequence of conglomerate, limestone, marine elastic sedimentary rocks, and tuff intercalated with and overlain by a distinctive unit of mafic pyroclastic rocks and pillowed flows. Faunal data bracket the age of the host rocks between Anisian (Middle Triassic) and late Norian (late Late Triassic). This metallogenic belt is herein referred to as the Alexander Triassic metallogenic belt. The VMS occurrences show systematic differences in degree of structural control, chemistry, and stratigraphic setting along the Alexander Triassic metallogenic belt that suggest important spatial or temporal changes in the tectonic environment of formation. At the southern end of the belt, felsic volcanic rocks overlain by shallow-water limestones characterize the lower part of the sequence. In the southern and middle portion of the belt, a distinctive pebble conglomerate marks the base of the section and is indicative of high-energy deposition in a near slope or basin margin setting. At the northern end of the belt the conglomerates, limestones, and felsic volcanic rocks are absent and the belt is composed of deep-water sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocks. This northward change in depositional environment and lithofacies is accompanied by a northward transition from epithermal-like structurally controlled, discontinuous, vein- and pod-shaped, Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba-(Cu) occurrences with relatively simple mineralogy, to sulfosalt-enriched VMS occurrences exhibiting characteristics of vein, diagenetic replacement, and exhalative styles of mineralization, and finally to Cu-Zn-(Co-Au) occurrences with larger and more clearly stratiform orebody morphologies. Occurrences in the middle of the belt are transitional in nature between structurally controlled types of mineralization that formed in a shallow-water, near-arc setting, to those having a more stratiform appearance, formed in a deeper water, rift-basin setting. The geologic setting in the south is consistent with shallow subaqueous emplacement on the flanks of the Alexander terrane. Northward, the setting changes to an increasingly deeper back- or intra-arc rift basin. Igneous activity in the Alexander Triassic metallogenic belt is characterized by a bimodal suite of volcanic rocks and a previously unrecognized association with mafic-ultramafic hypabyssal intrusions. Immobile trace and rare earth element (BEE) geochemical data indicate that felsic rocks in the southern portion of the belt are typical calc-alkaline rhyolites, which give way in the middle of the belt to peralkaline rhyolites. Rhyolites are largely absent in the northern part of the belt. Throughout the belt, the capping basaltic rocks have transitional geochemical signatures. Radiogenic isotope data for these rocks are also transitional (basalts and gabbros: ??-Nd = 4-9 and 87Sr/86Sr initial at 215 Ma = 0.7037-0.7074). Together these data are interpreted to reflect variable assimilation of mature island-arc crust by more primitive melts having the characteristics of either mid-ocean ridge (MORB) or intraplate (within-plate) basalts (WPB). The ore and host-rock geochemistry and the sulfosalt-rich mineralogy of the deposits are strikingly similar to recent descriptions of active sea-floor hydrothermal (white smoker) systems in back arcs of the southwest Pacific Ocean. These data, in concert with existing faunal ages, record the formation of a belt of VMS deposits ","largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.103.1.89","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C., Premo, W.R., Meier, A.L., and Taggart, J., 2008, The metallogeny of Late Triassic rifting of the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia, <i>in</i> Economic Geology, v. 103, no. 1, p. 89-115, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.1.89.","startPage":"89","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.1.89"},{"id":242127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badcbe4b08c986b323df7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, C. D. 0000-0001-6376-6298","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":100401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taggart, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":51301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033658,"text":"70033658 - 2008 - Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033658","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations","docAbstract":"Complete hydrochemical data are rarely reported for coal-mine discharges (CMD). This report summarizes major and trace-element concentrations and loadings for CMD at 140 abandoned mines in the Anthracite and Bituminous Coalfields of Pennsylvania. Clean-sampling and low-level analytical methods were used in 1999 to collect data that could be useful to determine potential environmental effects, remediation strategies, and quantities of valuable constituents. A subset of 10 sites was resampled in 2003 to analyze both the CMD and associated ochreous precipitates; the hydrochemical data were similar in 2003 and 1999. In 1999, the flow at the 140 CMD sites ranged from 0.028 to 2210 L s-1, with a median of 18.4 L s-1. The pH ranged from 2.7 to 7.3; concentrations (range in mg/L) of dissolved (0.45-??m pore-size filter) SO4 (34-2000), Fe (0.046-512), Mn (0.019-74), and Al (0.007-108) varied widely. Predominant metalloid elements were Si (2.7-31.3 mg L-1), B (<1-260 ??g L-1), Ge (<0.01-0.57 ??g L-1), and As (<0.03-64 ??g L-1). The most abundant trace metals, in order of median concentrations (range in ??g/L), were Zn (0.6-10,000), Ni (2.6-3200), Co (0.27-3100), Ti (0.65-28), Cu (0.4-190), Cr (<0.5-72), Pb (<0.05-11) and Cd (<0.01-16). Gold was detected at concentrations greater than 0.0005 ??g L-1 in 97% of the samples, with a maximum of 0.0175 ??g L-1. No samples had detectable concentrations of Hg, Os or Pt, and less than half of the samples had detectable Pd, Ag, Ru, Ta, Nb, Re or Sn. Predominant rare-earth elements, in order of median concentrations (range in ??g/L), were Y (0.11-530), Ce (0.01-370), Sc (1.0-36), Nd (0.006-260), La (0.005-140), Gd (0.005-110), Dy (0.002-99) and Sm (<0.005-79). Although dissolved Fe was not correlated with pH, concentrations of Al, Mn, most trace metals, and rare earths were negatively correlated with pH, consistent with solubility or sorption controls. In contrast, As was positively correlated with pH. None of the 140 CMD samples met all US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) continuous-concentration criteria for protection of freshwater aquatic organisms; the samples exceeded criteria for Al, Fe, Co, Ni, and/or Zn. Ten percent of the samples exceeded USEPA primary drinking-water standards for As, and 33% exceeded standards for Be. Only one sample met drinking-water standards for inorganic constituents in a public water supply. Except for S, the nonmetal elements (S > C > P = N = Se) were not elevated in the CMD samples compared to average river water or seawater. Compared to seawater, the CMD samples also were poor in halogens (Cl > Br > I > F), alkalies (Na > K > Li > Rb > Cs), most alkaline earths (Ca > Mg > Sr), and most metalloids but were enriched by two to four orders of magnitude with Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Be, Sc, Y and the lanthanide rare-earth elements, and one order of magnitude with Ni and Zn. The ochre samples collected at a subset of 10 sites in 2003 were dominantly goethite with minor ferrihydrite or lepidocrocite. None of the samples for this subset contained schwertmannite or was Al rich, but most contained minor aluminosilicate detritus. Compared to concentrations in global average shale, the ochres were rich in Fe, Ag, As and Au, but were poor in most other metals and rare earths. The ochres were not enriched compared to commercial ore deposits mined for Au or other valuable metals. Although similar to commercial Fe ores in composition, the ochres are dispersed and present in relatively small quantities at most sites. Nevertheless, the ochres could be valuable for use as pigment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.011","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2008, Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 166-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.011.","startPage":"166","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214170,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.011"},{"id":241864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0235e4b0c8380cd4ff47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033648,"text":"70033648 - 2008 - Comparison of pesticide concentrations in streams at low flow in six metropolitan areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:32:57","indexId":"70033648","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of pesticide concentrations in streams at low flow in six metropolitan areas of the United States","docAbstract":"To examine the effect of urban development on pesticide concentrations in streams under low-flow conditions, water samples were collected at stream sites along an urban land use gradient in six environmentally heterogeneous metropolitan areas of the United States. In all six metropolitan areas, total insecticide concentrations generally increased significantly as urban land cover in the basin increased, regardless of whether the background land cover in the basins was agricultural, forested, or shrub land. In contrast, the response of total herbicide concentrations to urbanization varied with the environmental setting. In the three metropolitan areas with predominantly forested background land cover (Raleigh-Durham, NC, USA; Atlanta, GA, USA; Portland, OR, USA), total herbicide concentrations increased significantly with increasing urban land cover. In contrast, total herbicide concentrations were not significantly related to urban land cover in the three remaining metropolitan areas, where total herbicide concentrations appeared to be strongly influenced by agricultural as well as urban sources (Milwaukee-Green Bay, WI, USA; Dallas-Fort Worth, TX, USA), or by factors not measured in the present study, such as water management (Denver, CO, USA). Pesticide concentrations rarely exceeded benchmarks for protection of aquatic life, although these low-flow concentrations are likely to be lower than at other times, such as during peak pesticide-use periods, storm events, or irrigation discharge. Normalization of pesticide concentrations by the pesticide toxicity index - an index of relative potential toxicity - for fish and cladocerans indicated that the pesticides detected at the highest concentrations (herbicides in five of the six metropolitan areas) were not necessarily the pesticides with the greatest potential to adversely affect aquatic life (typically insecticides such as carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and fipronil). ?? 2008 SETAC.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/07-276R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., and Nowell, L.H., 2008, Comparison of pesticide concentrations in streams at low flow in six metropolitan areas of the United States: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 2, p. 288-298, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-276R.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214491,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-276R.1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f87fe4b0c8380cd4d13f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033595,"text":"70033595 - 2008 - Evaluation of an index of biotic integrity approach used to assess biological condition in western U.S. streams and rivers at varying spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033595","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an index of biotic integrity approach used to assess biological condition in western U.S. streams and rivers at varying spatial scales","docAbstract":"Consistent assessments of biological condition are needed across multiple ecoregions to provide a greater understanding of the spatial extent of environmental degradation. However, consistent assessments at large geographic scales are often hampered by lack of uniformity in data collection, analyses, and interpretation. The index of biotic integrity (IBI) has been widely used in eastern and central North America, where fish assemblages are complex and largely composed of native species, but IBI development has been hindered in the western United States because of relatively low fish species richness and greater relative abundance of alien fishes. Approaches to developing IBIs rarely provide a consistent means of assessing biological condition across multiple ecoregions. We conducted an evaluation of IBIs recently proposed for three ecoregions of the western United States using an independent data set covering a large geographic scale. We standardized the regional IBIs and developed biological condition criteria, assessed the responsiveness of IBIs to basin-level land uses, and assessed their precision and concordance with basin-scale IBIs. Standardized IBI scores from 318 sites in the western United States comprising mountain, plains, and xeric ecoregions were significantly related to combined urban and agricultural land uses. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation revealed relatively low variation in IBI scores based on multiple sampling reaches at sites. A relatively high degree of corroboration with independent, locally developed IBIs indicates that the regional IBIs are robust across large geographic scales, providing precise and accurate assessments of biological condition for western U.S. streams. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-054.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Meador, M.R., Whittier, T., Goldstein, R.M., Hughes, R.M., and Peck, D., 2008, Evaluation of an index of biotic integrity approach used to assess biological condition in western U.S. streams and rivers at varying spatial scales: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 1, p. 13-22, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-054.1.","startPage":"13","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-054.1"},{"id":241826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c46e4b0c8380cd52ae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittier, T.R.","contributorId":55296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittier","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, R. M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, R. M.","contributorId":69997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peck, D.V.","contributorId":68053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033554,"text":"70033554 - 2008 - Sampling considerations for disease surveillance in wildlife populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033554","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling considerations for disease surveillance in wildlife populations","docAbstract":"Disease surveillance in wildlife populations involves detecting the presence of a disease, characterizing its prevalence and spread, and subsequent monitoring. A probability sample of animals selected from the population and corresponding estimators of disease prevalence and detection provide estimates with quantifiable statistical properties, but this approach is rarely used. Although wildlife scientists often assume probability sampling and random disease distributions to calculate sample sizes, convenience samples (i.e., samples of readily available animals) are typically used, and disease distributions are rarely random. We demonstrate how landscape-based simulation can be used to explore properties of estimators from convenience samples in relation to probability samples. We used simulation methods to model what is known about the habitat preferences of the wildlife population, the disease distribution, and the potential biases of the convenience-sample approach. Using chronic wasting disease in free-ranging deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as a simple illustration, we show that using probability sample designs with appropriate estimators provides unbiased surveillance parameter estimates but that the selection bias and coverage errors associated with convenience samples can lead to biased and misleading results. We also suggest practical alternatives to convenience samples that mix probability and convenience sampling. For example, a sample of land areas can be selected using a probability design that oversamples areas with larger animal populations, followed by harvesting of individual animals within sampled areas using a convenience sampling method.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2007-317","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Nusser, S., Clark, W., Otis, D.L., and Huang, L., 2008, Sampling considerations for disease surveillance in wildlife populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 52-60, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-317.","startPage":"52","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476660,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=stat_las_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-317"},{"id":242250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab074e4b0c8380cd87b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nusser, S.M.","contributorId":49302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nusser","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, W.R.","contributorId":70716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":64396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huang, L.","contributorId":19383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033548,"text":"70033548 - 2008 - Evaluating sampling designs by computer simulation: A case study with the Missouri bladderpod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033548","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3103,"text":"Population Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating sampling designs by computer simulation: A case study with the Missouri bladderpod","docAbstract":"To effectively manage rare populations, accurate monitoring data are critical. Yet many monitoring programs are initiated without careful consideration of whether chosen sampling designs will provide accurate estimates of population parameters. Obtaining accurate estimates is especially difficult when natural variability is high, or limited budgets determine that only a small fraction of the population can be sampled. The Missouri bladderpod, Lesquerella filiformis Rollins, is a federally threatened winter annual that has an aggregated distribution pattern and exhibits dramatic interannual population fluctuations. Using the simulation program SAMPLE, we evaluated five candidate sampling designs appropriate for rare populations, based on 4 years of field data: (1) simple random sampling, (2) adaptive simple random sampling, (3) grid-based systematic sampling, (4) adaptive grid-based systematic sampling, and (5) GIS-based adaptive sampling. We compared the designs based on the precision of density estimates for fixed sample size, cost, and distance traveled. Sampling fraction and cost were the most important factors determining precision of density estimates, and relative design performance changed across the range of sampling fractions. Adaptive designs did not provide uniformly more precise estimates than conventional designs, in part because the spatial distribution of L. filiformis was relatively widespread within the study site. Adaptive designs tended to perform better as sampling fraction increased and when sampling costs, particularly distance traveled, were taken into account. The rate that units occupied by L. filiformis were encountered was higher for adaptive than for conventional designs. Overall, grid-based systematic designs were more efficient and practically implemented than the others. ?? 2008 The Society of Population Ecology and Springer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Population Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10144-008-0100-x","issn":"14383","usgsCitation":"Morrison, L., Smith, D., Young, C., and Nichols, D., 2008, Evaluating sampling designs by computer simulation: A case study with the Missouri bladderpod: Population Ecology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 417-425, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-008-0100-x.","startPage":"417","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-008-0100-x"},{"id":242153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf2e4b0c8380cd52964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, L.W.","contributorId":39482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":441393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, C.","contributorId":67709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, D.W.","contributorId":107115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033515,"text":"70033515 - 2008 - Multi-scale models of grassland passerine abundance in a fragmented system in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033515","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale models of grassland passerine abundance in a fragmented system in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Fragmentation of grasslands has been implicated in grassland bird population declines. Multi-scale models are being increasingly used to assess potential factors that influence grassland bird presence, abundance, and productivity. However, studies rarely assess fragmentation metrics, and seldom evaluate more than two scales or interactions among scales. We evaluated the relative importance of characteristics at multiple scales to patterns in relative abundance of Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), and Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). We surveyed birds in 74 southwestern Wisconsin pastures from 1997 to 1999 and compared models with explanatory variables from multiple scales: within-patch vegetation structure (microhabitat), patch (macrohabitat), and three landscape extents. We also examined interactions between macrohabitat and landscape factors. Core area of pastures was an important predictor of relative abundance, and composition of the landscape was more important than configuration. Relative abundance was frequently higher in pastures with more core area and in landscapes with more grassland and less wooded area. The direction and strength of the effect of core pasture size on relative abundance changed depending on amount of wooded area in the landscape. Relative abundance of grassland birds was associated with landscape variables more frequently at the 1200-m scale than at smaller scales. To develop better predictive models, parameters at multiple scales and their interactive effects should be included, and results should be evaluated in the context of microhabitat variability, landscape composition, and fragmentation in the study area. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-007-9179-2","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Renfrew, R., and Ribic, C., 2008, Multi-scale models of grassland passerine abundance in a fragmented system in Wisconsin: Landscape Ecology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 181-193, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9179-2.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214457,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9179-2"},{"id":242185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fc1e4b0c8380cd71103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renfrew, R.B.","contributorId":104671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renfrew","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033483,"text":"70033483 - 2008 - Relationship of obligate grassland birds to landscape structure in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70033483","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of obligate grassland birds to landscape structure in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Conservation plans for grassland birds have included recommendations at the landscape level, but species' responses to landscape structure are variable. We studied the relationships between grassland bird abundances and landscape structure in 800-ha landscapes in Wisconsin, USA, using roadside surveys. Of 9 species considered, abundances of only 4 species differed among landscapes with varying amounts of grassland and forest. Landscape variables explained <20% of variation in abundances for 4 of the 5 rarest species in our study. Our results suggest landscape-based management plans for grassland birds might not benefit the rarest species and, thus, plans should incorporate species-specific habitat preferences for these species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-556","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Murray, L., Ribic, C., and Thogmartin, W., 2008, Relationship of obligate grassland birds to landscape structure in Wisconsin: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 2, p. 463-467, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-556.","startPage":"463","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-556"},{"id":242312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a773e4b0e8fec6cdc483","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, L.D.","contributorId":70976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033459,"text":"70033459 - 2008 - Deposition of talc - kerolite-smectite - smectite at seafloor hydrothermal vent fields: Evidence from mineralogical, geochemical and oxygen isotope studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033459","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deposition of talc - kerolite-smectite - smectite at seafloor hydrothermal vent fields: Evidence from mineralogical, geochemical and oxygen isotope studies","docAbstract":"Talc, kerolite-smectite, smectite, chlorite-smectite and chlorite samples from sediments, chimneys and massive sulfides from six seafloor hydrothermal areas have been analyzed for mineralogy, chemistry and oxygen isotopes. Samples are from both peridotite- and basalt-hosted hydrothermal systems, and basaltic systems include sediment-free and sediment-covered sites. Mg-phyllosilicates at seafloor hydrothermal sites have previously been described as talc, stevensite or saponite. In contrast, new data show tri-octahedral Mg-phyllosilicates ranging from pure talc and Fe-rich talc, through kerolite-rich kerolite-smectite to smectite-rich kerolite-smectite and tri-octahedral smectite. The most common occurrence is mixed-layer kerolite-smectite, which shows an almost complete interstratification series with 5 to 85% smectitic layers. The smectite interstratified with kerolite is mostly tri-octahedral. The degree of crystal perfection of the clay sequence decreases generally from talc to kerolite-smectite with lower crystalline perfection as the proportion of smectite layers in kerolite-smectite increases. Our studies do not support any dependence of the precipitated minerals on the type/subtype of hydrothermal system. Oxygen isotope geothermometry demonstrates that talc and kerolite-smectite precipitated in chimneys, massive sulfide mounds, at the sediment surface and in open cracks in the sediment near seafloor are high-temperature (> 250????C) phases that are most probably the result of focused fluid discharge. The other end-member of this tri-octahedral Mg-phyllosilicate sequence, smectite, is a moderate-temperature (200-250????C) phase forming deep within the sediment (??? 0.8??m). Chlorite and chlorite-smectite, which constitute the alteration sediment matrix around the hydrothermal mounds, are lower-temperature (150-200????C) phases produced by diffuse fluid discharge through the sediment around the hydrothermal conduits. In addition to temperature, other two controls on the precipitation of this sequence are the silica activity and Mg/Al ratio (i.e. the degree of mixing of seawater with hydrothermal fluid). Higher silica activity favors the formation of talc relative to tri-octahedral smectite. Vent structures and sedimentary cover preclude complete mixing of hydrothermal fluid and ambient seawater, resulting in lower Mg/Al ratios in the interior parts of the chimneys and deeper in the sediment which leads to the precipitation of phyllosilicates with lower Mg contents. Talc and kerolite-smectite have very low trace- and rare earth element contents. Some exhibit a negative or flat Eu anomaly, which suggests Eu depletion in the original hydrothermal fluid. Such Eu depletion could be caused by precipitation of anhydrite or barite (sinks for Eu2+) deeper in the system. REE abundances and distribution patterns indicate that chlorite and chlorite-smectite are hydrothermal alteration products of the background turbiditic sediment. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.022","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Dekov, V., Cuadros, J., Shanks, W., and Koski, R., 2008, Deposition of talc - kerolite-smectite - smectite at seafloor hydrothermal vent fields: Evidence from mineralogical, geochemical and oxygen isotope studies: Chemical Geology, v. 247, no. 1-2, p. 171-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.022.","startPage":"171","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.022"}],"volume":"247","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb8e4b0c8380cd4eeb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dekov, V.M.","contributorId":9465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekov","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cuadros, J.","contributorId":6271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuadros","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C.","contributorId":39419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033428,"text":"70033428 - 2008 - Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033428","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape","docAbstract":"1. Managers considering restoration of landscapes often face a fundamental challenge - what should be the habitat composition of the restored landscape? We present a method for evaluating an important conservation trade-off inherent in making that decision. 2. Oak savannas and grasslands were historically widespread across central North America but are now rare. Today, in north-west Indiana, USA, habitats spanning a range of woody vegetation density, from nearly treeless open habitats to forests, occur across the conserved landscape where savannas probably once dominated. To understand the benefits of different potential landscape compositions, we evaluated how different proportions of five habitats - open, savanna, woodland, scrub and forest - might affect the conservation value of the north-west Indiana landscape for birds. Two variables of potential conservation importance were examined: species diversity, a measure of avian community richness, and conservation index, the percentage of a bird species' global population occurring on a hectare of landscape, summed across all bird species present. Higher values of conservation index were associated with higher local densities of globally more rare and more threatened species. 3. Conservation index and species diversity were correlated negatively across hypothetical landscapes composed of different proportions of the five habitats. Therefore, a management trade-off existed between conservation index and species diversity because landscapes that maximized species diversity differed from landscapes that maximized conservation index. 4. A landscape of 50% open, 22% savanna, 15% scrub and 13% forest was predicted to represent a compromise at which conservation index and species diversity reached the same percentage of their maxima. In contrast, the current landscape is dominated by forest. 5. Synthesis and applications. We quantified the trade-off between two potential aspects of a landscape's conservation value for birds - the landscape's ability to promote avian species diversity and the landscape's use by threatened avian species. This quantification allowed us to evaluate the ability of different landscape compositions to achieve preferable trade-off compromises, such as maximizing diversity for a given level of landscape use by threatened species. Managers can use these trade-off results to determine which landscape compositions are associated with particular conservation and management priorities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Grundel, R., and Pavlovic, N., 2008, Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 315-324, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x.","startPage":"315","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487780,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x"},{"id":240830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc03fe4b08c986b329ff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033369,"text":"70033369 - 2008 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of boehmite-rich coals: New insights from the Haerwusu Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033369","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of boehmite-rich coals: New insights from the Haerwusu Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China","docAbstract":"Boehmite-rich coal of Pennsylvanian age was discovered earlier at the Heidaigou Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. This paper reports new results on 29 bench samples of the no. 6 coal from a drill core from the adjacent Haerwusu Surface Mine, and provides new insights into the origin of the minerals and elements present. The results show that the proportion of inertinite in the no. 6 coal is higher than in other Late Paleozoic coals in northern China. Based on mineral proportions (boehmite to kaolinite ratio) and major element concentrations in the coal benches of the drill core, the no. 6 coal may be divided into five sections (I to V). Major minerals in Sections I and V are kaolinite. Sections II and IV are mainly kaolinite with a trace of boehmite, and Section III is high in boehmite. The boehmite is derived from bauxite in the weathered surface (Benxi Formation) in the sediment-source region. The no. 6 coal is rich in Al2O3 (8.89%), TiO2 (0.47%), Li (116????g/g), F (286????g/g), Ga (18????g/g), Se (6.1????g/g), Sr (350????g/g), Zr (268????g/g), REEs (172????g/g), Pb (30????g/g), and Th (17????g/g). The elements are classified into five associations by cluster analysis, i.e. Groups A, B, C, D, and E. Group A (ash-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-Li) and Group B (REE-Sc-In-Y-K2O-Rb-Zr-Hf-Cs-U-P2O5-Sr-Ba-Ge) are strongly correlated with ash yield and mainly have an inorganic affinity. The elements that are negatively or less strongly correlated with ash yield (with exceptions of Fe2O3, Be, V, and Ni) are grouped in the remaining three associations: Group C, Se-Pb-Hg-Th-TiO2-Bi-Nb-Ta-Cd-Sn; Group D, Co-Mo-Tl-Be-Ni-Sb-MgO-Re-Ga-W-Zn-V-Cr-F-Cu; and Group E, S-As-CaO-MnO-Fe2O3. Aluminum is mainly distributed in boehmite, followed by kaolinite. The high correlation coefficients of the Li-ash, Li-Al2O3, and Li-SiO2 pairs indicate that Li is related to the aluminosilicates in the coal. The boehmite-rich coal is high in gallium and F, which occur in boehmite and the organic matter. Selenium and Pb are mainly in epigenetic clausthalite fillings in fractures. The abundant rare earth elements in the coal benches were supplied from two sources: the bauxite on the weathered surface of the Benxi Formation and from adjacent partings by groundwater leaching during diagenesis. The light rare earth elements (LREEs) are more easily leached from the partings and incorporated into the organic matter than the heavy REEs, leading to a higher ratio of LREEs to HREEs in the coal benches than in the overlying partings. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.01.001","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Li, D., Chou, C.L., Zhao, L., Zhang, Y., Ren, D., Ma, Y., and Sun, Y., 2008, Mineralogy and geochemistry of boehmite-rich coals: New insights from the Haerwusu Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 74, no. 3-4, p. 185-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.01.001.","startPage":"185","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.01.001"},{"id":241103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ab9e4b0c8380cd6f0a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, S.","contributorId":9757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, D.","contributorId":29990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhao, L.","contributorId":57196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":59969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ren, D.","contributorId":79212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ma, Y.","contributorId":24573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sun, Y.","contributorId":47986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033347,"text":"70033347 - 2008 - Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033347","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade","docAbstract":"Reservoirs have traditionally been regarded as spatially independent entities rather than as longitudinal segments of a river system that are connected upstream and downstream to the river and other reservoirs. This view has frustrated advancement in reservoir science by impeding adequate organization of available information and by hindering interchanges with allied disciplines that often consider impounded rivers at the basin scale. We analyzed reservoir morphology, water quality, and fish assemblage data collected in 24 reservoirs of the Tennessee River; we wanted to describe longitudinal changes occurring at the scale of the entire reservoir series (i.e., cascade) and to test the hypothesis that fish communities and environmental factors display predictable gradients like those recognized for unimpounded rivers. We used a data set collected over a 7-year period; over 3 million fish representing 94 species were included in the data set. Characteristics such as reservoir mean depth, relative size of the limnetic zone, water retention time, oxygen stratification, thermal stratification, substrate size, and water level fluctuations increased in upstream reservoirs. Conversely, reservoir area, extent of riverine and littoral zones, access to floodplains and associated wetlands, habitat diversity, and nutrient and sediment inputs increased in downstream reservoirs. Upstream reservoirs included few, largely lacustrine, ubiquitous fish taxa that were characteristic of the lentic upper reaches of the basin. Fish species richness increased in a downstream direction from 12 to 67 species/ reservoir as riverine species became more common. Considering impoundments at a basin scale by viewing them as sections in a river or links in a chain may generate insight that is not always available when the impoundments are viewed as isolated entities. Basin-scale variables are rarely controllable but constrain the expression of processes at smaller scales and can facilitate the organization of reservoir management efforts. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-262.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., Habrat, M., and Miyazono, S., 2008, Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1851-1865, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-262.1.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1865","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-262.1"},{"id":240968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49c2e4b0c8380cd68877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Habrat, M.D.","contributorId":50361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Habrat","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miyazono, S.","contributorId":79310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyazono","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033342,"text":"70033342 - 2008 - Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T15:30:17.246145","indexId":"70033342","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Occurrence and fate of 45 pesticides and 40 pesticide degradates were investigated in four contrasting agricultural settings&mdash;in Maryland, Nebraska, California, and Washington. Primary crops included corn at all sites, soybeans in Maryland, orchards in California and Washington, and vineyards in Washington. Pesticides and pesticide degradates detected in water samples from all four areas were predominantly from two classes of herbicides&mdash;triazines and chloroacetanilides; insecticides and fungicides were not present in the shallow ground water. In most samples, pesticide degradates greatly exceeded the concentrations of parent pesticide. In samples from Nebraska, the parent pesticide atrazine [6-chloro-</span><i>N</i><span>-ethyl-</span><i>N</i><span>&prime;-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] was about the same concentration as the degradate, but in samples from Maryland and California atrazine concentrations were substantially smaller than its degradate. Simazine [6-chloro-</span><i>N,N&prime;</i><span>-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], the second most detected triazine, was detected in ground water from Maryland, California, and Washington. Metolachlor [2-chloro-</span><i>N</i><span>-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-</span><i>N</i><span>-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] rarely was detected without its degradates, and when they were detected in the same sample metolachlor always had smaller concentrations. The Root-Zone Water-Quality Model was used to examine the occurrence and fate of metolachlor at the Maryland site. Simulations accurately predicted which metolachlor degradate would be predominant in the unsaturated zone. In analyses of relations among redox indicators and pesticide variance, apparent age, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and excess nitrogen gas (from denitrification) were important indicators of the presence and concentration of pesticides in these ground water systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0166","usgsCitation":"Steele, G.V., Johnson, H., Sandstrom, M.W., Capel, P., and Barbash, J., 2008, Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1116-1132, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0166.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1116","endPage":"1132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Maryland, Nebraska, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.8880615234375,\n              37.93553306183642\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.35522460937499,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0421142578125,\n              38.25974980039479\n        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V.","contributorId":62543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, H.M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":75339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033329,"text":"70033329 - 2008 - An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033329","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species","docAbstract":"Many fish species are at risk to some degree, and conservation efforts are planned or underway to preserve sensitive populations. For many imperiled species, models could serve as useful tools for researchers and managers as they seek to understand individual growth, quantify predator-prey dynamics, and identify critical sources of mortality. Development and application of models for rare species however, has been constrained by small population sizes, difficulty in obtaining sampling permits, limited opportunities for funding, and regulations on how endangered species can be used in laboratory studies. Bioenergetic and life history models should help with endangered species-recovery planning since these types of models have been used successfully in the last 25 years to address management problems for many commercially and recreationally important fish species. In this paper we discuss five approaches to developing models and parameters for rare species. Borrowing model functions and parameters from related species is simple, but uncorroborated results can be misleading. Directly estimating parameters with laboratory studies may be possible for rare species that have locally abundant populations. Monte Carlo filtering can be used to estimate several parameters by means of performing simple laboratory growth experiments to first determine test criteria. Pattern-oriented modeling (POM) is a new and developing field of research that uses field-observed patterns to build, test, and parameterize models. Models developed using the POM approach are closely linked to field data, produce testable hypotheses, and require a close working relationship between modelers and empiricists. Artificial evolution in individual-based models can be used to gain insight into adaptive behaviors for poorly understood species and thus can fill in knowledge gaps. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-045.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., DeAngelis, D., and Paukert, C., 2008, An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 1, p. 244-253, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-045.1.","startPage":"244","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487778,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/t05-045.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-045.1"},{"id":240929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaabe4b0c8380cd489e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033324,"text":"70033324 - 2008 - Geochemical evidence for airborne dust additions to soils in Channel Islands National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033324","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for airborne dust additions to soils in Channel Islands National Park, California","docAbstract":"There is an increasing awareness that dust plays important roles in climate change, biogeochemical cycles, nutrient supply to ecosystems, and soil formation. In Channel Islands National Park, California, soils are clay-rich Vertisols or Alfisols and Mollisols with vertic properties. The soils are overlain by silt-rich mantles that contrast sharply with the underlying clay-rich horizons. Silt mantles contain minerals that are rare or absent in the volcanic rocks that dominate these islands. Immobile trace elements (Sc-Th-La and Ta-Nd-Cr) and rare-earth elements show that the basalt and andesite on the islands have a composition intermediate between upper-continental crust and oceanic crust. In contrast, the silt fractions and, to a lesser extent, clay fractions of the silt mantle have compositions closer to average upper-continental crust and very similar to Mojave Desert dust. Island shelves, exposed during the last glacial period, could have provided a source of eolian sediment for the silt mantles, but this is not supported by mineralogical data. We hypothesize that a more likely source for the silt-rich mantles is airborne dust from mainland California and Baja California, either from the Mojave Desert or from the continental shelf during glacial low stands of sea. Although average winds are from the northwest in coastal California, easterly winds occur numerous times of the year when \"Santa Ana\" conditions prevail, caused by a high-pressure cell centered over the Great Basin. The eolian silt mantles constitute an important medium of plant growth and provide evidence that abundant eolian silt and clay may be delivered to the eastern Pacific Ocean from inland desert sources. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26218.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Budahn, J., Johnson, D., Reheis, M., Beann, J., Skipp, G., Fisher, E., and Jones, J., 2008, Geochemical evidence for airborne dust additions to soils in Channel Islands National Park, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, no. 1-2, p. 106-126, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26218.1.","startPage":"106","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26218.1"},{"id":240834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162de4b0c8380cd55092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, D.L.","contributorId":27252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reheis, M. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":51044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beann, J.","contributorId":24075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skipp, G.","contributorId":49899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, E.","contributorId":103844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, J.A.","contributorId":44355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70030382,"text":"70030382 - 2008 - A 1500-year holocene caribbean climate archive from the Blue Hole, lighthouse reef, belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030382","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 1500-year holocene caribbean climate archive from the Blue Hole, lighthouse reef, belize","docAbstract":"Sediment cores (up to 6 m in length) from the bottom of the Blue Hole, a 125 m deep Pleistocene sinkhole located in the lagoon of Lighthouse Reef Atoll, Belize, consist of undisturbed, annually layered biogenic carbonate muds and silts with intercalated coarser grained storm beds. The sedimentation rate of the layered sections is 2.5 mm/y on average, and the long cores span the past 1500 years. Oxygen isotopes of laminated sediment provide a late Holocene climate proxy: A high-resolution ??18O time series traces the final Migration Period Pessimum, the Medieval Warm Period, the Little Ice Age, and the subsequent temperature rise. Carbon isotopes (??13C) decrease up core and show the impacts of the decline of the Mayan culture and the Suess effect. Time series analyses of ??18O and ??13C content reveal 88-, 60-, 52-, and 32-year cyclicities, and suggest solar forcing. Storm event beds are most common during AD 650-850, around AD 1000, during AD 1200-1300, and AD 1450-1550. Major storm beds are rare during the past 500 years BP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/07-0891.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Gischler, E., Shinn, E., Oschmann, W., Fiebig, J., and Buster, N., 2008, A 1500-year holocene caribbean climate archive from the Blue Hole, lighthouse reef, belize: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1495-1505, https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0891.1.","startPage":"1495","endPage":"1505","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211861,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0891.1"},{"id":239233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c0e4b0c8380cd45bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gischler, E.","contributorId":43944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gischler","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oschmann, W.","contributorId":49979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oschmann","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fiebig, J.","contributorId":48387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiebig","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buster, N.A.","contributorId":105518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buster","given":"N.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030263,"text":"70030263 - 2008 - The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030263","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","docAbstract":"The Ellsworth terrane is one of a number of fault-bounded blocks that occur along the eastern margin of Ganderia, the western-most of the peri-Gondwanan domains in the northern Appalachians that were accreted to Laurentia in the Paleozoic. Geologic relations, detrital zircon ages, and basalt geochemistry suggest that the Ellsworth terrane is part of Ganderia and not an exotic terrane. In the Penobscot Bay area of coastal Maine, the Ellsworth terrane is dominantly composed of bimodal basalt-rhyolite volcanic sequences of the Ellsworth Schist and unconformably overlying Castine Volcanics. We use new U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd and Pb isotopes for these volcanic sequences to constrain the petrogenetic history and paleotectonic setting of the Ellsworth terrane and its relationship with Ganderia. U-Pb zircon geochronology for rhyolites indicates that both the Ellsworth Schist (508.6 ?? 0.8 Ma) and overlying Castine Volcanics (503.5 ?? 2.5 Ma) are Middle Cambrian in age. Two tholefitic basalt types are recognized. Type Tb-1 basalt, present as pillowed and massive lava flows and as sills in both units, has depleted La and Ce ([La/Nd]N = 0.53-0.87) values, flat heavy rare earth element (REE) values, and no positive Th or negative Ta anomalies on primitive mantle-normalized diagrams. In contrast, type Th-2 basalt, present only in the Castine Volcanics, has stightly enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N = 1.42-2.92) values and no Th or Th anomalies. Both basalt types have strongly positive ??Nd (500) values (Th-1 = +7.9-+8.6; Th-2 = +5.6-+7.0) and relatively enriched Pb isotopic compositions (206Ph/204Pb = 18.037-19.784; 207/204Pb = 15.531-15.660; 2088Pb/204Pb = 37.810-38.817). The basalts have compositions transitional between recent normal and enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt, and they were probably derived by partial melting of compositionatly heterogeneous asthenosphenc mantle. Two types of rhyolite also are present. Type R-1 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as tuffs interlayered with basalt in the Ellsworth Schist, is calc-alkaline and characterized by relatively low REE, Zr, and Hf contents, enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N ???3-6), positive Th and negative Th anomalies, ??Nd (500) values near zero (+0.5 to -0.9), and relatively unradiogenic Ph isotope values (206Pb/204Pb = 18.845; 207Pb/ 204Pb = 15.625; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.626). The data suggest that R-1 rhyolite magma was Likely derived by mixing of basalt with melts from a relatively depleted crustal source. Type R-2 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as lava flows and domes in the Castine volcanics, is tholeiitic and characterized by enriched REE with flat patterns ([La/Yb]N = 1-2.5), moderate negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0-34.5), enriched Th, small negative Th anomalies, and ??Nd (500) (+5.8-+7.5) and Ph isotope (206Pb/204Pb = 19.175-19.619; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.605--15.649; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.834-38.851) values that overlap those of the tholeiitic basalts. The data suggest that R-2 rhyolite magma was derived by the partial melting of hydrothermally altered basalt with the addition of a small amount of an enriched component, probably R-1 rhyolite. The geololic, geochemicai, and isotopic characteristics of the bimodal volcanic sequences strongly suggest that the Ellsworth terrane did not evolve as an extensional back-arc basin behind an active arc, but rather it evolved as a proto-oceanic rift petrogenetically similar to Cenozoic rifts like the Gulf of California-Salton mrough and Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rift systems. Such a setting is supported by the presence of serpentinized mantle and zinc-copper-rich massive sulfide deposits in the Ellsworth terrane. We conclude that the Ellsworth terrane developed as a Mid","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26336.1","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., Stewart, D.B., Tucker, R.D., Pollock, J., and Ayuso, R., 2008, The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, no. 9-10, p. 1134-1158, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1.","startPage":"1134","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba719e4b08c986b321367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, K. 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,{"id":50724,"text":"ofr2002468 - 2008 - Geologic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington prior to the 1980 eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T08:14:23","indexId":"ofr2002468","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-468","displayTitle":"Geologic Map of Mount St. Helens, Washington Prior to the 1980 Eruption","title":"Geologic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington prior to the 1980 eruption","docAbstract":"It is rare that a geologic map exists for a volcano prior to such a catastrophic modification as that produced by the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. As such, this map provides an important historical record of the volcano prior to that eruption. The map has not been reviewed or checked for conformity to USGS editorial standards or stratigraphic nomenclature, and it has not been digitized. This version of the map is unchanged from that submitted to the USGS for publication shortly after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and includes unresolved inconsistencies with the subsequently published work of Crandell (1987) and Mullineaux (1996). Nevertheless, it is the most accurate available depiction of the pre-1980 edifice and is published here for comparison with more recent geologic mapping and historical perspectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002468","usgsCitation":"Hopson, C., 2008, Geologic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington prior to the 1980 eruption (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-468, 2 Map Sheets: 34 x 44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002468.","productDescription":"2 Map Sheets: 34 x 44 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110781,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84084.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"84084"},{"id":11537,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-468/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"31250","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,46 ], [ -122.5,46.5 ], [ -122,46.5 ], [ -122,46 ], [ -122.5,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopson, Clifford A.","contributorId":36805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopson","given":"Clifford A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224975,"text":"5224975 - 2007 - Bayesian multimodel inference for dose-response studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-26T11:58:21.215252","indexId":"5224975","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian multimodel inference for dose-response studies","docAbstract":"<p>Statistical inference in dose-response studies is model-based: The analyst posits a mathematical model of the relation between exposure and response, estimates parameters of the model, and reports conclusions conditional on the model. Such analyses rarely include any accounting for the uncertainties associated with model selection. The Bayesian inferential system provides a convenient framework for model selection and multimodel inference. In this paper we briefly describe the Bayesian paradigm and Bayesian multimodel inference. We then present a family of models for multinomial dose-response data and apply Bayesian multimodel inferential methods to the analysis of data on the reproductive success of American kestrels (Falco sparveriuss) exposed to various sublethal dietary concentrations of methylmercury.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-597R.1","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Albers, P., 2007, Bayesian multimodel inference for dose-response studies: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 9, p. 1867-1872, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-597R.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1867","endPage":"1872","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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