The Upper Mississippian Heath Formation, which accumulated in the Big Snowy Trough of central Montana, has been known for three decades to contain mudrocks highly enriched in Zn, V, Mo, Ni and other metals, and source rocks for oil. The unit has more recently been recognized as a prospective tight oil play. Here we present petrographic, paleontologic, geochemical, and carbon and sulfur isotope data on seven continuous drill cores spanning ≤146 m of immature to marginally mature strata in order to improve understanding of the depositional setting of the Heath.
The unit consists of five third-order transgressive-regressive cycles (C1–C5 from bottom to top) that were deposited during a fluctuating climatic regime. Cycles comprise thinly interbedded gray to black mudrock and carbonate strata capped by either coal, implying a humid climate (C1, C3 and C4), or gypsum, implying more arid conditions (C2); the upper part of C5 is not preserved in our study area. Mfs (maximum flooding surfaces) in C1, C2, C4, and C5 lie within black mudrock beds ~0.5–3-m thick with >10% TOC (total organic carbon), type I and type II kerogen (determined by programmed pyrolysis), high contents of Zn, V, Mo, and other metals, relatively low values of δ13CTOC and δ34Spyrite, and a limited-diversity fauna of locally abundant, thin-shelled pelecypods (Dunbarella? sp.).
The mfs in C2 is within the Cox Ranch oil shale bed, which is known from previous studies to be metalliferous; new analyses reported here show ≤28 wt % TOC, 5140 ppm Zn, 1910 ppm V, 1590 ppm Mo, and 509 ppm Ni. Strata that contain the mfs of C1, C4, and C5 are shown here for the first time to also have high metal contents, with maximum values of 1030–7340 ppm Zn, 446–1980 ppm V, 72–859 ppm Mo, and 221–452 ppm Ni. Cycle C3, which contains more gray mudrock and carbonate beds than the other cycles, has lower TOC (≤4.2 wt %), lower metals, and mainly type III kerogen. Carbonate beds include normal-marine crinoidal mudstone to packstone and lesser (dolo)mudstone with fenestral fabric, peloids, intraclasts, and a euryhaline fauna. Mid-Chesterian (early Serpukhovian) foraminifers in C3, combined with previously published fossil data, suggest that third-order cycles in the Heath Formation were ~1–2 myr in duration. They formed during a time of active block faulting in the Big Snowy Trough and global cooling linked to Gondwanan glaciation.
Tectonic, climatic, and paleogeographic factors shaped the cycles of the Heath Formation. Faunal and geochemical evidence indicate that conditions were most favorable for marine life during C3. Molybdenum concentrations >100 ppm and organic geochemical data suggest euxinic conditions during deposition of the black mudrock in C2, C4, and C5, but the presence of shell beds (1 mm–6-cm thick) within this mudrock requires bottom water with sufficient oxygen to support life, at least periodically. The apparent conflict between the geochemical and paleontologic observations likely reflects the different time scales of these two environmental proxies: 1000s of yrs vs <1–10s of yrs, respectively.
Metal- and organic-rich strata in the Heath Formation formed by slow, condensed sedimentation from periodically anoxic or euxinic bottom waters in a marine basin. Fossil data indicate that anoxia was episodic, perhaps seasonal and/or linked to longer-duration climate shifts. On a millennial time scale, metal enrichments in the Heath reflect a balance between primary productivity that was high enough for oxygen to be consumed by sinking organic matter and oxic seawater inflow that was strong enough to maintain a supply of metals without compromising anoxia. Organic-rich mudrock in the Heath shares intriguing lithologic and geochemical similarities with mudrock in other Middle to Upper Paleozoic units such as the Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation and Pennsylvanian cyclothems (e.g., Excello Shale).
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,{"id":70195119,"text":"70195119 - 2017 - Significance of northeast-trending features in Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T12:55:31","indexId":"70195119","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of northeast-trending features in Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"Synthesis of seismic velocity, potential field, and geological data from Canada Basin and its surrounding continental margins suggests that a northeast-trending structural fabric has influenced the origin, evolution, and current tectonics of the basin. 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These features can be explained by initial Jurassic-Early Cretaceous strike slip deformation (phase 1) followed in the Early Cretaceous (∼134 to ∼124 Ma) by rotation of Arctic Alaska with seafloor spreading orthogonal to the fossil spreading axis preserved in the central Canada Basin (phase 2). In this model, the Chukchi Borderland is part of Arctic Alaska.
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DISCO","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T10:56:13","indexId":"70193779","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives on chemical oceanography in the 21st century: Participants of the COME ABOARD Meeting examine aspects of the field in the context of 40 years of DISCO","docAbstract":"The questions that chemical oceanographers prioritize over the coming decades, and the methods we use to address these questions, will define our field's contribution to 21st century science. In recognition of this, the U.S. National Science Foundation and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration galvanized a community effort (the Chemical Oceanography MEeting: A BOttom-up Approach to Research Directions, or COME ABOARD) to synthesize bottom-up perspectives on selected areas of research in Chemical Oceanography. Representing only a small subset of the community, COME ABOARD participants did not attempt to identify targeted research directions for the field. Instead, we focused on how best to foster diverse research in Chemical Oceanography, placing emphasis on the following themes: strengthening our core chemical skillset; expanding our tools through collaboration with chemists, engineers, and computer scientists; considering new roles for large programs; enhancing interface research through interdisciplinary collaboration; and expanding ocean literacy by engaging with the public. For each theme, COME ABOARD participants reflected on the present state of Chemical Oceanography, where the community hopes to go and why, and actionable pathways to get there. A unifying concept among the discussions was that dissimilar funding structures and metrics of success may be required to accommodate the various levels of readiness and stages of knowledge development found throughout our community. In addition to the science, participants of the concurrent Dissertations Symposium in Chemical Oceanography (DISCO) XXV, a meeting of recent and forthcoming Ph.D. graduates in Chemical Oceanography, provided perspectives on how our field could show leadership in addressing long-standing diversity and early-career challenges that are pervasive throughout science. Here we summarize the COME ABOARD Meeting discussions, providing a synthesis of reflections and perspectives on the field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2017.09.002","usgsCitation":"Fassbender, A.J., Palevsky, H.I., Martz, T.R., Ingalls, A.E., Gledhill, M., Fawcett, S.E., Brandes, J., Aluwihare, L., Anderson, R., Bender, S., Boyle, E., Bronk, D., Buesseler, K., Burdige, D.J., Casciotti, K., Close, H., Conte, M., Cutter, G., Estapa, M., Fennel, K., Ferron, S., Glazer, B., Goni, M., Grand, M., Guay, C., Hatta, M., Hayes, C., Horner, T., Ingall, E., Johnson, K.G., Juranek, L., Knapp, A., Lam, P., Luther, G., Matrai, P., Nicholson, D., Paytan, A., Pellenbarg, R., Popendorf, K., Reddy, C.M., Ruttenberg, K., Sabine, C., Sansone, F., Shaltout, N., Sikes, L., Sundquist, E.T., Valentine, D., Wang, Z., Wilson, S., Barrett, P., Behrens, M., Belcher, A., Biermann, L., Boiteau, R., Clarke, J., Collins, J., Coppola, A., Ebling, A.M., Garcia-Tigreros, F., Goldman, J., Guallart, E.F., Haskell, W., Hurley, S., Janssen, D., Johnson, W., Lennhartz, S., Liu, S., Rahman, S., Ray, D., 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Situated at the mouth of the Columbia River, OR, East Sand Island (ESI) is home to the largest Caspian tern breeding colony in North America. Since 2001, the decline in fledging success of Caspian terns at ESI has been associated with a significant increase in average river discharge during May and June. During the years 2001–2011, the abundance of forage fish available to terns in the estuary was inversely related to river discharge. This relationship also apparently affected the reliance of nest predators on the tern colony as a food source, resulting in increased disturbance and decreased fledging success at the tern colony in years of higher river discharge. There was a significant longitudinal increase in disturbance rates by bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) during June for terns nesting at the ESI colony, and eagle disturbance rates were positively associated with May river discharge. We also found a significant increase in kleptoparasitism rates of terns by hybrid glaucous-winged/western gulls (Larus glaucescens x Larus occidentalis) since 2001, and Caspian tern fledging success at ESI decreased with increasing average annual rates of gull kleptoparasitism. Our results support the hypothesis that the decline in Caspian tern fledging success at this large estuarine colony was primarily driven by the interaction of bottom-up and top-down factors, influencing tern fledging success through the food supply and triggering potential predators to identify the tern breeding colony as an alternative source of prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-017-0238-x","usgsCitation":"Collar, S., Roby, D.D., and Lyons, D., 2017, Top-down and bottom-up interactions influence fledging success at North America’s largest colony of Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia): Estuaries and Coasts, v. 40, no. 6, p. 1808-1818, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0238-x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1808","endPage":"1818","ipdsId":"IP-072336","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0238-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Sand Island ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.99744987487793,\n 46.25985257538575\n ],\n [\n -123.96148681640625,\n 46.25985257538575\n ],\n [\n -123.96148681640625,\n 46.26640951616916\n ],\n [\n -123.99744987487793,\n 46.26640951616916\n ],\n [\n -123.99744987487793,\n 46.25985257538575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e84ce4b09af898c8cb44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collar, Stefanie","contributorId":200094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collar","given":"Stefanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193415,"text":"70193415 - 2017 - Predicting outcomes of restored Everglades high flow: A model system for scientifically managed floodplains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T13:09:16","indexId":"70193415","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting outcomes of restored Everglades high flow: A model system for scientifically managed floodplains","docAbstract":"Restoration of higher flows through the Everglades is intended to reestablish sheetflow to rebuild a well-functioning ridge and slough landscape that supports a productive and diverse ecosystem. Our objective of the study was to use hydrologic simulations and biophysical analysis to predict restoration outcomes for five major subbasins of the Everglades. Five different scenarios of restoration were examined, and for each we predicted an outcome based on metrics describing the present-day condition of the landscape and additional metrics determined by modeling the hydrologic changes accompanying restoration. Restoration scenarios spanned from a baseline case with average annual flows of about 52% of the predrainage flow to the most aggressive scenario that permits 91% of the predrainage flow. Our predictions indicated that all restoration scenarios could benefit the functionality of the ridge-slough ecosystem. However, the difference between any single restoration scenario and the “no restoration” baseline was far greater than was the difference between any two levels of restoration. Interestingly, our analysis suggested that the most extensive (and highest cost) restoration scenarios are not likely to improve ridge and slough function more than less extensive restoration options. However, the value of more aggressive restoration may lie in factors not considered directly in our analysis. For example, an important reason to implement the more aggressive restoration scenarios could be additional flexibility that permitting greater flow allows for adaptively managing the ecosystem while also serving water needs for southeastern Florida in what could be a drier Everglades in the coming decades.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12479","usgsCitation":"Choi, J., and Harvey, J., 2017, Predicting outcomes of restored Everglades high flow: A model system for scientifically managed floodplains: Restoration Ecology, v. 25, no. S1, p. S39-S47, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12479.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"S39","endPage":"S47","ipdsId":"IP-079752","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","volume":"25","issue":"S1","publicComments":"Special issue: Synthesis of Everglades Research and Ecosystem Services (SERES) project","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd1ae4b0531197b13c4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, Jay jchoi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jay","email":"jchoi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194320,"text":"70194320 - 2017 - Pleistocene glaciers, lakes, and floods in north-central Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T13:31:09","indexId":"70194320","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Pleistocene glaciers, lakes, and floods in north-central Washington State","docAbstract":"The Methow, Chelan, Wenatchee, and other terrane blocks accreted in late Mesozoic to Eocene times. Methow valley is excavated in an exotic terrane of folded Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks faulted between crystalline blocks. Repeated floods of Columbia River Basalt about 16 Ma drowned a backarc basin to the southeast.\n\nCirques, aretes, and U-shaped hanging troughs brand the Methow, Skagit, and Chelan headwaters. The Late Wisconsin Cordilleran icesheet beveled the alpine topography and deposited drift. Cordilleran ice flowed into the heads of Methow tributaries and overflowed from Skagit tributaries to greatly augment Chelan trough's glacier. Joined Okanogan and Methow ice flowed down Columbia valley and up lower Chelan trough. This tongue met the icesheet tongue flowing southeast down Chelan valley. Successively lower ice-marginal channels and kame terraces show that the icesheet withered away largely by downwasting.\n\nImmense late Wisconsin floods from glacial Lake Missoula occasionally swept the Chelan-Vantage reach of Columbia valley by different routes. The earliest debacles, nearly 19,000 cal yr BP (by radiocarbon methods), raged 335 m deep down the Columbia and built high Pangborn bar at Wenatchee. As Cordilleran ice blocked the northwest of Columbia valley, several giant floods descended Moses Coulee and backflooded up the Columbia. As advancing ice then blocked Moses Coulee, Grand Coulee to Quincy basin became the westmost floodway. From Quincy basin many Missoula floods backflowed 50 km upvalley past Wenatchee 18,000 to 15,500 years ago. Receding ice dammed glacial Lake Columbia centuries more--till it burst about 15,000 years ago. After Glacier Peak ashfall about 13,600 years ago, smaller great flood(s) swept down the Columbia from glacial Lake Kootenay in British Columbia. A cache of huge fluted Clovis points had been laid atop Pangborn bar (East Wenatchee) after the Glacier Peak ashfall. Clovis people came two and a half millennia after the last small Missoula flood, two millennia after the glacial Lake Columbia flood.\n\nThis timing by radiocarbon methods is under review by newer exposure dating--10Be, 26Al, and 36Cl methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From the Puget Lowland to east of the Cascade Range—Geologic excursions in the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America Field Guide 49","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","isbn":"978-0-8137-0049-6","usgsCitation":"Waitt, R.B., 2017, Pleistocene glaciers, lakes, and floods in north-central Washington State, chap. of From the Puget Lowland to east of the Cascade Range—Geologic excursions in the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America Field Guide 49, p. 175-205.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"205","ipdsId":"IP-088267","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349596,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rock.geosociety.org/Store/detail.aspx?id=FLD049"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb21e4b06e28e9c22d05","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351 rhaugerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":2691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaugerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724156,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":101713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724157,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Waitt, Richard B. 0000-0002-6392-5604 waitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-5604","contributorId":2343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"Richard","email":"waitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194664,"text":"70194664 - 2017 - The magnitude and origin of groundwater discharge to eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:31:44.664965","indexId":"70194664","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The magnitude and origin of groundwater discharge to eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters","docAbstract":"Fresh groundwater discharge to coastal environments contributes to the physical and chemical conditions of coastal waters, but the role of coastal groundwater at regional to continental scales remains poorly defined due to diverse hydrologic conditions and the difficulty of tracking coastal groundwater flow paths through heterogeneous subsurface materials. We use three-dimensional groundwater flow models for the first time to calculate the magnitude and source areas of groundwater discharge from unconfined aquifers to coastal waterbodies along the entire eastern U.S. We find that 27.1 km3/yr (22.8–30.5 km3/yr) of groundwater directly enters eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters. The contributing recharge areas comprised ~175,000 km2 of U.S. land area, extending several kilometers inland. This result provides new information on the land area that can supply natural and anthropogenic constituents to coastal waters via groundwater discharge, thereby defining the subterranean domain potentially affecting coastal chemical budgets and ecosystem processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017GL075238","usgsCitation":"Befus, K., Kroeger, K.D., Smith, C.G., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2017, The magnitude and origin of groundwater discharge to eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coastal waters: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 20, p. 10396-10406, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075238.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"10396","endPage":"10406","ipdsId":"IP-088608","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469383,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl075238","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349917,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","volume":"44","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb23e4b06e28e9c22d2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Befus, Kevin 0000-0001-7553-4195 kbefus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7553-4195","contributorId":190617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Befus","given":"Kevin","email":"kbefus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":724822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193219,"text":"70193219 - 2017 - High-resolution seismic characterization of the gas and gas hydrate system at Green Canyon 955, Gulf of Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T10:54:41","indexId":"70193219","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution seismic characterization of the gas and gas hydrate system at Green Canyon 955, Gulf of Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"The Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments at lease block Green Canyon 955 (GC955) in the Gulf of Mexico include sand-rich strata with high saturations of gas hydrate; these gas hydrate accumulations and the associated geology have been characterized over the past decade using conventional industry three-dimensional (3D) seismic data and dedicated logging-while-drilling (LWD) borehole data. To improve structural and stratigraphic characterization and to address questions of gas flow and reservoir properties, in 2013 the U.S. Geological Survey acquired high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) seismic data at GC955. Combined analysis of all available data improves our understanding of the geological evolution of the study area, which includes basin-scale migration of the Mississippi River sediment influx as well as local-scale shifting of sedimentary channels at GC955 in response to salt-driven uplift, structural deformation associated with the salt uplift, and upward gas migration from deeper sediments that charges the main gas hydrate reservoir and shallower strata. The 2D data confirm that the sand-rich reservoir is composed principally of sediments deposited in a proximal levee setting and that episodes of channel scour, interspersed with levee deposition, have resulted in an assemblage of many individual proximal levee deposit “pods” each with horizontal extent up to several hundred meters. Joint analysis of the 2D and 3D data reveals new detail of a complex fault network that controls the fluid-flow system; large east-west trending normal faults allow fluid flow through the reservoir-sealing fine-grained unit, and smaller north-south oriented faults provide focused fluid-flow pathways (chimneys) through the shallower sediments. This system has enabled the flow of gas from the main reservoir to the seafloor throughout the recent history at GC955, and its intricacies help explain the distributed occurrences of gas hydrate in the intervening strata.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.01.029","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Hart, P.E., Collett, T.S., Shedd, W., Frye, M., Weimer, P., and Boswell, R., 2017, High-resolution seismic characterization of the gas and gas hydrate system at Green Canyon 955, Gulf of Mexico, USA: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 82, p. 220-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.01.029.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"237","ipdsId":"IP-080584","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.01.029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.96630859375,\n 27.32297494724568\n ],\n [\n -88.560791015625,\n 27.32297494724568\n ],\n [\n -88.560791015625,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -92.96630859375,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -92.96630859375,\n 27.32297494724568\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98babe4b0531197af9fac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shedd, William","contributorId":197798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shedd","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frye, Matthew","contributorId":197799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frye","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weimer, Paul","contributorId":107650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weimer","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":195143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189312,"text":"ds1061 - 2017 - Geochemistry of mercury and other constituents in subsurface sediment—Analyses from 2011 and 2012 coring campaigns, Cache Creek Settling Basin, Yolo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T09:57:23","indexId":"ds1061","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1061","title":"Geochemistry of mercury and other constituents in subsurface sediment—Analyses from 2011 and 2012 coring campaigns, Cache Creek Settling Basin, Yolo County, California","docAbstract":"Cache Creek Settling Basin was constructed in 1937 to trap sediment from Cache Creek before delivery to the Yolo Bypass, a flood conveyance for the Sacramento River system that is tributary to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Sediment management options being considered by stakeholders in the Cache Creek Settling Basin include sediment excavation; however, that could expose sediments containing elevated mercury concentrations from historical mercury mining in the watershed. In cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources, the U.S. Geological Survey undertook sediment coring campaigns in 2011–12 (1) to describe lateral and vertical distributions of mercury concentrations in deposits of sediment in the Cache Creek Settling Basin and (2) to improve constraint of estimates of the rate of sediment deposition in the basin.
Sediment cores were collected in the Cache Creek Settling Basin, Yolo County, California, during October 2011 at 10 locations and during August 2012 at 5 other locations. Total core depths ranged from approximately 4.6 to 13.7 meters (15 to 45 feet), with penetration to about 9.1 meters (30 feet) at most locations. Unsplit cores were logged for two geophysical parameters (gamma bulk density and magnetic susceptibility); then, selected cores were split lengthwise. One half of each core was then photographed and archived, and the other half was subsampled. Initial subsamples from the cores (20-centimeter composite samples from five predetermined depths in each profile) were analyzed for total mercury, methylmercury, total reduced sulfur, iron speciation, organic content (as the percentage of weight loss on ignition), and grain-size distribution. Detailed follow-up subsampling (3-centimeter intervals) was done at six locations along an east-west transect in the southern part of the Cache Creek Settling Basin and at one location in the northern part of the basin for analyses of total mercury; organic content; and cesium-137, which was used for dating. This report documents site characteristics; field and laboratory methods; and results of the analyses of each core section and subsample of these sediment cores, including associated quality-assurance and quality-control data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Arias, M.R., Alpers, C.N., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Fuller, C.C., Agee, J.L., Sneed, Michelle, Morita, A.Y., and Salas, A.J., 2017, Geochemistry of mercury and other constituents in subsurface sediment—Analyses from 2011 and 2012 coring campaigns, Cache Creek Settling Basin, Yolo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1061, 150 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1061.","productDescription":"vi, 150 p.","numberOfPages":"160","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066188","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1061/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":347825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1061/ds1061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"56.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1061"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Yolo County","otherGeospatial":"Cache Creek Settling Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7333,\n 38.65\n ],\n [\n -121.65,\n 38.65\n ],\n [\n -121.65,\n 38.7333\n ],\n [\n -121.7333,\n 38.7333\n ],\n [\n -121.7333,\n 38.65\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Deglacial (12.8–10.7 ka) sea level history on the East Siberian continental shelf and upper continental slope was reconstructed using new geophysical records and sediment cores taken during Leg 2 of the 2014 SWERUS-C3 expedition. The focus of this study is two cores from Herald Canyon, piston core SWERUS-L2-4-PC1 (4-PC1) and multicore SWERUS-L2-4-MC1 (4-MC1), and a gravity core from an East Siberian Sea transect, SWERUS-L2-20-GC1 (20-GC1). Cores 4-PC1 and 20-GC were taken at 120 and 115 m of modern water depth, respectively, only a few meters above the global last glacial maximum (LGM; ∼ 24 kiloannum or ka) minimum sea level of ∼ 125–130 meters below sea level (m b.s.l.). Using calibrated radiocarbon ages mainly on molluscs for chronology and the ecology of benthic foraminifera and ostracode species to estimate paleodepths, the data reveal a dominance of river-proximal species during the early part of the Younger Dryas event (YD, Greenland Stadial GS-1) followed by a rise in river-intermediate species in the late Younger Dryas or the early Holocene (Preboreal) period. A rapid relative sea level rise beginning at roughly 11.4 to 10.8 ka ( ∼ 400 cm of core depth) is indicated by a sharp faunal change and unconformity or condensed zone of sedimentation. Regional sea level at this time was about 108 m b.s.l. at the 4-PC1 site and 102 m b.s.l. at 20-GC1. Regional sea level near the end of the YD was up to 42–47 m lower than predicted by geophysical models corrected for glacio-isostatic adjustment. This discrepancy could be explained by delayed isostatic adjustment caused by a greater volume and/or geographical extent of glacial-age land ice and/or ice shelves in the western Arctic Ocean and adjacent Siberian land areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., O’Regan, M., Pearce, C., Gemery, L., Toomey, M., and Semiletov, I., 2017, Deglacial sea level history of the East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea margins: Climate of the Past, v. 13, no. 9, p. 1097-1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1110","ipdsId":"IP-083404","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea","volume":"13","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98ba4e4b0531197af9f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Regan, Matt","contributorId":197135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Regan","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25421,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearce, Christof","contributorId":197126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearce","given":"Christof","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25421,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gemery, Laura 0000-0003-1966-8732 lgemery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-8732","contributorId":5402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gemery","given":"Laura","email":"lgemery@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toomey, Michael 0000-0003-0167-9273 mtoomey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-9273","contributorId":184097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toomey","given":"Michael","email":"mtoomey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Semiletov, Igor","contributorId":197134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Semiletov","given":"Igor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35519,"text":"Russian Academy Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":24563,"text":"Tomsk Polytechnic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191270,"text":"sir20175112 - 2017 - Hydrogeology and water quality of sand and gravel aquifers in McHenry County, Illinois, 2009–14, and comparison to conditions in 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T15:55:08.73","indexId":"sir20175112","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5112","displayTitle":"Hydrogeology and Water Quality of Sand and Gravel Aquifers in McHenry County, Illinois, 2009–14, and Comparison to Conditions in 1979","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of sand and gravel aquifers in McHenry County, Illinois, 2009–14, and comparison to conditions in 1979","docAbstract":"Baseline conditions for the sand and gravel aquifers (groundwater) in McHenry County, Illinois, were assessed using data from a countywide network of 44 monitoring wells collecting continuous water-level data from 2009–14. In 2010, water-quality data were collected from 41 of the monitoring wells, along with five additional monitoring wells available from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. Periodic water-quality data were collected from 2010–14 from selected monitoring wells. The continuous water-level data were used to identify the natural and anthropogenic factors that influenced the water levels at each well. The water-level responses to natural influences such as precipitation, seasonal and annual variations, barometric pressure, and geology, and to anthropogenic influences such as pumping were used to determine (1) likely hydrogeologic setting (degree of aquifer confinement and interconnections) that, in part, are related to lithostratigraphy; and (2) areas of recharge and discharge related to vertical flow directions. Water-level trends generally were determined from the 6 years of data collection (2009–14) to infer effects of weather variability (drought) on recharge.
Precipitation adds an estimated 2.4 inches per year of recharge to the aquifer. Some of this recharge is subsequently discharged to streams and some is discharged to supply wells. A few areas in the eastern half of the county had higher average recharge rates, indicating a need for adequate protection of these recharge areas. Downward vertical flow gradients in upland areas indicate that recharge to the confined aquifer units occurs near upland areas. Upward vertical flow gradients in lowland areas indicate discharge at locations of surface water and groundwater interaction (wetlands, ponds, and streams).
Monitoring wells were sampled for major and minor ions, metals, and nutrients and a subset of wells was sampled for trace elements, dissolved gases, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. The results were compared to health‑based and aesthetically based standards, which include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (EPA MCL), and EPA Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCL), as well as EPA Health-based Standards Drinking Water Advisories. Health‑based standards were exceeded for arsenic in 22 percent, sodium in 20 percent, and nitrates in 2 percent of the monitoring wells sampled. Aesthetically based standards were exceeded for total dissolved solids in 33 percent, chloride in 11 percent, iron in 85 percent, and manganese in 30 percent of the wells sampled. Many of these same constituents, such as arsenic, iron, and manganese, are naturally occurring but become elevated in areas that have anoxic, mixed, and suboxic conditions. Some areas of potential vulnerability to anthropogenic-sourced constituents in the sand and gravel aquifers were evidenced by trace amounts of volatile organic compounds and pesticides detected in water-quality samples from shallow wells (total depth less of than 46 feet below land surface) near urban settings, and by the detection of elevated major ions (chloride, sodium, magnesium, and calcium) associated, in part, with road-salt applications. Source analysis for chloride indicates mixtures of road salt, water softeners, and sewage.
Continuously measured specific conductance values were used as a surrogate for continuously measured chloride concentrations in the groundwater. The estimated chloride concentrations generally were highest in spring and lowest in summer, and occasionally peak during spring melt. Overall, the range of concentrations varied depending on the local thickness and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer.
Water levels and water quality from the countywide groundwater monitoring network were compared to water levels and water-quality results in 1979 from a previous U.S. Geological Survey study. Potentiometric surface maps show areas with inferred decreases of water levels near the southern and southeastern areas of McHenry County. Significant increases were noted for total dissolved solids and specific conductance. Chloride concentrations increased as much as 521 percent in three of six wells resampled in 2015 from the previous study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with McHenry County, Illinois","usgsCitation":"Gahala, A.M., 2017, Hydrogeology and water quality of sand and gravel aquifers in McHenry County, Illinois, 2009–14, and comparison to conditions in 1979 (ver. 1.1, August 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5112, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175112.","productDescription":"ix, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067438","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404906,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5112/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.36 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":404904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5112/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":347422,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5112/sir20175112.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5112"},{"id":501947,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_106395.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"McHenry County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.3016,42.4979],[-88.1971,42.4981],[-88.1979,42.4562],[-88.1974,42.4167],[-88.1966,42.3286],[-88.1994,42.2432],[-88.1992,42.1555],[-88.2382,42.155],[-88.3539,42.1547],[-88.4703,42.1552],[-88.5891,42.1556],[-88.7061,42.1564],[-88.7057,42.2418],[-88.7041,42.329],[-88.705,42.4167],[-88.7059,42.4972],[-88.6737,42.4977],[-88.6288,42.4985],[-88.5047,42.4981],[-88.4099,42.4977],[-88.3016,42.4979]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"McHenry\",\"state\":\"IL\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: October 26, 2017; Version 1.1: August 17, 2022","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Estimates of population abundance are important to wildlife management and conservation. However, it can be difficult to characterize the numbers of broadly distributed, low-density, and elusive bird species. Although Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) are rare, difficult to detect, and broadly distributed, they are concentrated during their autumn migration at monitoring sites in eastern North America. We used hawk-count data collected by citizen scientists in a virtual mark–recapture modeling analysis to estimate the numbers of Golden Eagles that migrate in autumn along Kittatinny Ridge, an Important Bird Area in Pennsylvania, USA. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of our abundance estimates to variation in eagle capture histories, we applied candidate models to 8 different sets of capture histories, constructed with or without age-class information and using known mean flight speeds 6 1, 2, 4, or 6 SE for eagles to travel between hawk-count sites. Although some abundance estimates were produced by models that poorly fitted the data (ĉ > 3.0), 2 sets of population estimates were produced by acceptably performing models (cˆ less than or equal to 3.0). Application of these models to count data from November, 2002–2011, suggested a mean population abundance of 1,354 6 117 SE (range: 873–1,938). We found that Golden Eagles left the ridgeline at different rates and in different places along the route, and that typically ,50% of individuals were detected at the hawk-count sites. Our study demonstrates a useful technique for estimating population abundance that may be applicable to other migrant species that are repeatedly detected at multiple monitoring sites along a topographic diversion or leading line.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-16-166.1","usgsCitation":"Dennhardt, A.J., Duerr, A.E., Brandes, D., and Katzner, T., 2017, Applying citizen-science data and mark-recapture models to estimate numbers of migrant golden eagles in an important bird area in eastern North America: The Condor, v. 119, no. 4, p. 817-831, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-16-166.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"817","endPage":"831","ipdsId":"IP-074201","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-16-166.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennslyvania","otherGeospatial":"Kittatinny Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 39.257778150283364\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 39.257778150283364\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 42.78733853171998\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 42.78733853171998\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 39.257778150283364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a29ee4b0220bbd9d9eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennhardt, Andrew J.","contributorId":198247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dennhardt","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duerr, Adam E.","contributorId":190590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duerr","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16210,"text":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandes, David","contributorId":138917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandes","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35653,"text":"Lafayette College, Easton, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192341,"text":"70192341 - 2017 - Groundwater-level trends in the U.S. glacial aquifer system, 1964-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T15:23:39","indexId":"70192341","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater-level trends in the U.S. glacial aquifer system, 1964-2013","docAbstract":"The glacial aquifer system in the United States is a major source of water supply but previous work on historical groundwater trends across the system is lacking. Trends in annual minimum, mean, and maximum groundwater levels for 205 monitoring wells were analyzed across three regions of the system (East, Central, West Central) for four time periods: 1964-2013, 1974-2013, 1984-2013, and 1994-2013. Trends were computed separately for wells in the glacial aquifer system with low potential for human influence on groundwater levels and ones with high potential influence from activities such as groundwater pumping. Generally there were more wells with significantly increasing groundwater levels (levels closer to ground surface) than wells with significantly decreasing levels. The highest numbers of significant increases for all four time periods were with annual minimum and/or mean levels. There were many more wells with significant increases from 1964 to 2013 than from more recent periods, consistent with low precipitation in the 1960s. Overall there were low numbers of wells with significantly decreasing trends regardless of time period considered; the highest number of these were generally for annual minimum groundwater levels at wells with likely human influence. There were substantial differences in the number of wells with significant groundwater-level trends over time, depending on whether the historical time series are assumed to be independent, have short-term persistence, or have long-term persistence. Mean annual groundwater levels have significant lag-one-year autocorrelation at 26.0% of wells in the East region, 65.4% of wells in the Central region, and 100% of wells in the West Central region. Annual precipitation across the glacial aquifer system, on the other hand, has significant autocorrelation at only 5.5% of stations, about the percentage expected due to chance.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.055","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., Dudley, R.W., Nielsen, M.G., Renard, B., and Qi, S.L., 2017, Groundwater-level trends in the U.S. glacial aquifer system, 1964-2013: Journal of Hydrology, v. 553, p. 289-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.055.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"303","ipdsId":"IP-081195","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.055","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riverine discharges to Chesapeake Bay: Analysis of long-term (1927–2014) records and implications for future flows in the Chesapeake Bay basin","docAbstract":"The Chesapeake Bay (CB) basin is under a total maximum daily load (TMDL) mandate to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads to the bay. Identifying shifts in the hydro-climatic regime may help explain observed trends in water quality. To identify potential shifts, hydrologic data (1927–2014) for 27 watersheds in the CB basin were analyzed to determine the relationships among long-term precipitation and stream discharge trends. The amount, frequency, and intensity of precipitation increased from 1910 to 1996 in the eastern U.S., with the observed increases greater in the northeastern U.S. than the southeastern U.S. The CB watershed spans the north-to-south gradient in precipitation increases, and hydrologic differences have been observed in watersheds north relative to watersheds south of the Pennsylvania—Maryland (PA-MD) border. Time series of monthly mean precipitation data specific to each of 27 watersheds were derived from the Precipitation-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) dataset, and monthly mean stream-discharge data were obtained from U.S. Geological Survey streamgage records. All annual precipitation trend slopes in the 18 watersheds north of the PA-MD border were greater than or equal to those of the nine south of that border. The magnitude of the trend slopes for 1927–2014 in both precipitation and discharge decreased in a north-to-south pattern. Distributions of the monthly precipitation and discharge datasets were assembled into percentiles for each year for each watershed. Multivariate correlation of precipitation and discharge within percentiles among the groups of northern and southern watersheds indicated only weak associations. Regional-scale average behaviors of trends in the distribution of precipitation and discharge annual percentiles differed between the northern and southern watersheds. In general, the linkage between precipitation and discharge was weak, with the linkage weaker in the northern watersheds compared to those in the south. On the basis of simple linear regression, 26 of the 27 watersheds are projected to have higher annual mean discharge in 2025, the target date for implementation of the TMDL for the CB basin.
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0000-0001-6330-478X dlmoyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":174389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"dlmoyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, Aaron L.","contributorId":189745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Aaron L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192224,"text":"70192224 - 2017 - 3D ground‐motion simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone: Variability of long‐period (T≥1 s) ground motions and sensitivity to kinematic rupture parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T09:37:24","indexId":"70192224","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"3D ground‐motion simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone: Variability of long‐period (T≥1 s) ground motions and sensitivity to kinematic rupture parameters","title":"3D ground‐motion simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone: Variability of long‐period (T≥1 s) ground motions and sensitivity to kinematic rupture parameters","docAbstract":"We examine the variability of long‐period (T≥1 s) earthquake ground motions from 3D simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah, from a set of 96 rupture models with varying slip distributions, rupture speeds, slip velocities, and hypocenter locations. Earthquake ruptures were prescribed on a 3D fault representation that satisfies geologic constraints and maintained distinct strands for the Warm Springs and for the East Bench and Cottonwood faults. Response spectral accelerations (SA; 1.5–10 s; 5% damping) were measured, and average distance scaling was well fit by a simple functional form that depends on the near‐source intensity level SA0(T) and a corner distance Rc:SA(R,T)=SA0(T)(1+(R/Rc))−1. Period‐dependent hanging‐wall effects manifested and increased the ground motions by factors of about 2–3, though the effects appeared partially attributable to differences in shallow site response for sites on the hanging wall and footwall of the fault. Comparisons with modern ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) found that the simulated ground motions were generally consistent, except within deep sedimentary basins, where simulated ground motions were greatly underpredicted. Ground‐motion variability exhibited strong lateral variations and, at some sites, exceeded the ground‐motion variability indicated by GMPEs. The effects on the ground motions of changing the values of the five kinematic rupture parameters can largely be explained by three predominant factors: distance to high‐slip subevents, dynamic stress drop, and changes in the contributions from directivity. These results emphasize the need for further characterization of the underlying distributions and covariances of the kinematic rupture parameters used in 3D ground‐motion simulations employed in probabilistic seismic‐hazard analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160307","usgsCitation":"Moschetti, M.P., Hartzell, S.H., Ramirez-Guzman, L., Frankel, A.D., Angster, S.J., and Stephenson, W.J., 2017, 3D ground‐motion simulations of Mw 7 earthquakes on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone: Variability of long‐period (T≥1 s) ground motions and sensitivity to kinematic rupture parameters: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 4, p. 1704-1723, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160307.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1704","endPage":"1723","ipdsId":"IP-085767","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch fault zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.25,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -112.25,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -112.25,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511fe4b0220bbd9a1d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo","contributorId":175444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Angster, Stephen J. 0000-0001-9250-8415 sangster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-8415","contributorId":3885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angster","given":"Stephen","email":"sangster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":714867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192267,"text":"70192267 - 2017 - Movements of Atlantic Sturgeon of the Gulf of Maine inside and outside the geographically defined Distinct Population Segment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T11:07:48","indexId":"70192267","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements of Atlantic Sturgeon of the Gulf of Maine inside and outside the geographically defined Distinct Population Segment","docAbstract":"Identification of potential critical habitat, seasonal distributions, and movements within and between river systems is important for protecting the Gulf of Maine (GOM) Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Sturgeon. To accomplish these objectives, we captured Atlantic Sturgeon in four GOM rivers (Penobscot, Kennebec system, Saco, and Merrimack), and tagged 144 (83.3–217.4 cm TL) internally with uniquely coded acoustic transmitters. Tagged fish were detected between 2006 to 2014 by primary receiver arrays deployed in the four GOM rivers or opportunistically on a secondary group of receivers deployed within the GOM and along the continental shelf. Atlantic Sturgeon tagged in the four rivers were documented at three spawning areas in the Kennebec system in June and July, including one that became accessible in 1999 when the Edwards Dam was removed. After being tagged, the majority (74%) of Atlantic sturgeon were detected in the estuaries of the four GOM rivers, primarily from May through October. Tagged fish spent most of their time in saline water in the Saco River and Merrimack River, moved into brackish water in the Penobscot River, and were found in saline, brackish, and fresh water in the Kennebec system. Approximately 70% of the tagged fish were detected in GOM coastal waters, and aggregated in the Bay of Fundy (May–January), offshore of the Penobscot River (September-February and May), offshore of the Kennebec River (September–February), in Saco Bay and the Scarborough River (July–November), and along the eastern Massachusetts coast between Cape Ann and Cape Cod (April–February). Nine tagged Atlantic sturgeon (7%) left the GOM, three of which moved as far north as Halifax in Canada and six moved as far south as the James River in Virginia. Information from this study will be used to make recommendations to avoid, reduce or mitigate the impacts of in-water projects and on Atlantic sturgeon.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2016.1271845","usgsCitation":"Wippelhauser, G.S., Sulikowski, J., Zydlewski, G.B., Altenritter, M., Kieffer, M., and Kinnison, M.T., 2017, Movements of Atlantic Sturgeon of the Gulf of Maine inside and outside the geographically defined Distinct Population Segment: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 9, p. 93-107, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2016.1271845.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"107","ipdsId":"IP-077082","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2016.1271845","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.444091796875,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -63.10546874999999,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -63.10546874999999,\n 46.05036097561633\n ],\n [\n -71.444091796875,\n 46.05036097561633\n ],\n [\n -71.444091796875,\n 41.17038447781618\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f0511de4b0220bbd9a1d57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wippelhauser, Gail S.","contributorId":169680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wippelhauser","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25571,"text":"Maine Department of Marine Resources, Augusta, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulikowski, James","contributorId":197218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sulikowski","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Gayle B.","contributorId":169688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Gayle","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Altenritter, Megan","contributorId":198093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Altenritter","given":"Megan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kieffer, Micah 0000-0001-9310-018X mkieffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-018X","contributorId":2641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Micah","email":"mkieffer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":169617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191807,"text":"sir20175097 - 2017 - Simulation of groundwater and surface-water flow in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T11:30:00","indexId":"sir20175097","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5097","title":"Simulation of groundwater and surface-water flow in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"This report describes a hydrologic model for the upper Deschutes Basin in central Oregon developed using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) integrated Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow model (GSFLOW). The upper Deschutes Basin, which drains much of the eastern side of the Cascade Range in Oregon, is underlain by large areas of permeable volcanic rock. That permeability, in combination with the large annual precipitation at high elevations, results in a substantial regional aquifer system and a stream system that is heavily groundwater dominated.
The upper Deschutes Basin is also an area of expanding population and increasing water demand for public supply and agriculture. Surface water was largely developed for agricultural use by the mid-20th century, and is closed to additional appropriations. Consequently, water users look to groundwater to satisfy the growing demand. The well‑documented connection between groundwater and the stream system, and the institutional and legal restrictions on streamflow depletion by wells, resulted in the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) instituting a process whereby additional groundwater pumping can be permitted only if the effects to streams are mitigated, for example, by reducing permitted surface-water diversions. Implementing such a program requires understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of effects to streams from groundwater pumping. A groundwater model developed in the early 2000s by the USGS and OWRD has been used to provide insights into the distribution of streamflow depletion by wells, but lacks spatial resolution in sensitive headwaters and spring areas.
The integrated model developed for this project, based largely on the earlier model, has a much finer grid spacing allowing resolution of sensitive headwater streams and important spring areas, and simulates a more complete set of surface processes as well as runoff and groundwater flow. In addition, the integrated model includes improved representation of subsurface geology and explicitly simulates the effects of hydrologically important fault zones not included in the previous model.
The upper Deschutes Basin GSFLOW model was calibrated using an iterative trial and error approach using measured water-level elevations (water levels) from 800 wells, 144 of which have time series of 10 or more measurements. Streamflow was calibrated using data from 21 gage locations. At 14 locations where measured flows are heavily influenced by reservoir operations and irrigation diversions, so called “naturalized” flows, with the effects of reservoirs and diversion removed, developed by the Bureau of Reclamation, were used for calibration. Surface energy and moisture processes such as solar radiation, snow accumulation and melting, and evapotranspiration were calibrated using national datasets as well as data from long-term measurement sites in the basin. The calibrated Deschutes GSFLOW model requires daily precipitation, minimum and maximum air temperature data, and monthly data describing groundwater pumping and artificial recharge from leaking irrigation canals (which are a significant source of groundwater recharge).
The calibrated model simulates the geographic distribution of hydraulic head over the 5,000 ft range measured in the basin, with a median absolute residual of about 53 ft. Temporal variations in head resulting from climate cycles, pumping, and canal leakage are well simulated over the model area. Simulated daily streamflow matches gaged flows or calculated naturalized flows for streams including the Crooked and Metolius Rivers, and lower parts of the mainstem Deschutes River. Seasonal patterns of runoff are less well fit in some upper basin streams. Annual water balances of streamflow are good over most of the model domain. Model fit and overall capabilities are appropriate for the objectives of the project.
The integrated model results confirm findings from other studies and models indicating that most streamflow in the upper Deschutes Basin comes directly from groundwater discharge. The integrated model provides additional insights about the components of streamflow including direct groundwater discharge to streams, interflow, groundwater discharge to the land surface (Dunnian flow), and direct runoff (Hortonian flow). The new model provides improved capability for exploring the timing and distribution of
streamflow capture by wells, and the hydrologic response to changes in other external stresses such as canal operation, irrigation, and drought. Because the model uses basic meteorological data as the primary input; and simulates surface energy and moisture balances, groundwater recharge and flow, and all components of streamflow; it is well suited for exploring the hydrologic response to climate change, although no such simulations are included in this report.
The model was developed as a tool for future application; however, example simulations are provided in this report. In the example simulations, the model is used to explore the influence of well location and geologic structure on stream capture by pumping wells. Wells were simulated at three locations within a 12-mi area close to known groundwater discharge areas and crossed by a regional fault zone. Simulations indicate that the magnitude and timing of stream capture from pumping is largely controlled by the geographic location of the wells, but that faults can have a large influence on the propagation of pumping stresses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., Lite, K.E., Jr., Risley, J.C., Pischel, E.M., and La Marche, J.L., 2017, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water flow in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5097, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175097.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 68 p.; Model Archive","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-085102","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7154F9K","text":"Model Archive","description":"SIR 2017-5097 Model Archive"},{"id":346984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5097/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":346985,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5097/sir20175097.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5097"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Deschutes Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.19268798828126,\n 43.395069512861355\n ],\n [\n -120.7452392578125,\n 43.395069512861355\n ],\n [\n -120.7452392578125,\n 44.939529212272305\n ],\n [\n -122.19268798828126,\n 44.939529212272305\n ],\n [\n -122.19268798828126,\n 43.395069512861355\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
High-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection data provide new insights for understanding the post–Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21 ka) evolution of the ∼120-km-long Santa Barbara shelf, located within a transpressive segment of the transform continental margin of western North America. The goal is to determine how rising sea level, sediment supply, and tectonics combine to control shelf geomorphology and history. Morphologic, stratigraphic, and structural data highlight regional variability and support division of the shelf into three domains. (1) The eastern Santa Barbara shelf is south of and in the hanging wall of the blind south-dipping Oak Ridge fault. The broad gently dipping shelf has a convex-upward shape resulting from thick post-LGM sediment (mean = 24.7 m) derived from the Santa Clara River. (2) The ∼5–8-km-wide Ventura Basin obliquely crosses the shelf and forms an asymmetric trough with thick post-LGM sediment fill (mean = 30.4 m) derived from the Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers. The basin is between and in the footwalls of the Oak Ridge fault to the south and the blind north-dipping Pitas Point fault to the north. (3) The central and western Santa Barbara shelf is located north of and in the hanging wall of the North Channel–Pitas Point fault system. The concave-up shape of the shelf results from folding, marine erosion, and the relative lack of post-LGM sediment cover (mean = 3.8 m). Sediment is derived from small steep coastal watersheds and largely stored in the Gaviota bar and other nearshore mouth bars. Three distinct upper slope morphologies result from a mix of progradation and submarine landsliding.
Ages and rates of deformation are derived from a local sea-level-rise model that incorporates an inferred LGM shoreline angle and the LGM wave-cut platform. Post-LGM slip rates on the offshore Oak Ridge fault are a minimum of 0.7 ± 0.1 mm/yr. Slip rates on the Pitas Point fault system are a minimum of 2.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr near Pitas Point, and decrease to the west across the Santa Barbara Channel. Documentation of fault lengths, slip rates, and rupture modes, as well as potential zones of submarine landsliding, provide essential information for enhanced regional earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01387.1","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S., Sorlien, C.C., Dartnell, P., and Ritchie, A., 2017, Shelf evolution along a transpressive transform margin, Santa Barbara Channel, California: Geosphere, v. 13, no. 6, p. 2041-2077, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01387.1.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"2041","endPage":"2077","ipdsId":"IP-076906","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01387.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":" California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Channel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.7012939453125,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -119.06982421874999,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -119.06982421874999,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -120.7012939453125,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -120.7012939453125,\n 33.8339199536547\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e8682fe4b05fe04cd4d1b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen 0000-0002-3522-7526 shartwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-7526","contributorId":146221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorlien, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2359-9592","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-9592","contributorId":197404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorlien","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C.","contributorId":139060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191842,"text":"70191842 - 2017 - Ephemeral seafloor sedimentation during dam removal: Elwha River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T16:23:38","indexId":"70191842","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ephemeral seafloor sedimentation during dam removal: Elwha River, Washington","docAbstract":"The removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams from the Elwha River in Washington, USA, resulted in the erosion and transport of over 10 million m3 of sediment from the former reservoirs and into the river during the first two years of the dam removal process. Approximately 90% of this sediment was transported through the Elwha River and to the coast at the Strait of Juan de Fuca. To evaluate the benthic dynamics of increased sediment loading to the nearshore, we deployed a tripod system in ten meters of water to the east of the Elwha River mouth that included a profiling current meter and a camera system. With these data, we were able to document the frequency and duration of sedimentation and turbidity events, and correlate these events to physical oceanographic and river conditions. We found that seafloor sedimentation occurred regularly during the heaviest sediment loading from the river, but that this sedimentation was ephemeral and exhibited regular cycles of deposition and erosion caused by the strong tidal currents in the region. Understanding the frequency and duration of short-term sediment disturbance events is instrumental to interpreting the ecosystem-wide changes that are occurring in the nearshore habitats around the Elwha River delta.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2017.09.005","usgsCitation":"Foley, M.M., and Warrick, J.A., 2017, Ephemeral seafloor sedimentation during dam removal: Elwha River, Washington: Continental Shelf Research, v. 150, p. 36-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.09.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"47","ipdsId":"IP-084897","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.09.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CR5RW8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Oceanographic measurements obtained offshore of the Elwha River delta in coordination with the Elwha River Restoration Project, Washington, USA, 2010-2014"},{"id":438185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MC8XHX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Characterization of seafloor photographs near the mouth of the Elwha River during the first two years of dam removal (2011-2013)"},{"id":346906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.59258651733398,\n 48.13424631889282\n ],\n [\n -123.51722717285155,\n 48.13424631889282\n ],\n [\n -123.51722717285155,\n 48.163566497754275\n ],\n [\n -123.59258651733398,\n 48.163566497754275\n ],\n [\n -123.59258651733398,\n 48.13424631889282\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e86831e4b05fe04cd4d1c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Melissa M. 0000-0002-5832-6404 mfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-6404","contributorId":4861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Melissa","email":"mfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":167736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191508,"text":"70191508 - 2017 - Increasing floodplain connectivity through urban stream restoration increases nutrient and sediment retention","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-16T09:50:37","indexId":"70191508","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing floodplain connectivity through urban stream restoration increases nutrient and sediment retention","docAbstract":"Stream restoration practices frequently aim to increase connectivity between the stream channel and its floodplain to improve channel stability and enhance water quality through sediment trapping and nutrient retention. To measure the effectiveness of restoration and to understand the drivers of these functional responses, we monitored five restored urban streams that represent a range of channel morphology and restoration ages. High and low elevation floodplain plots were established in triplicate in each stream to capture variation in floodplain connectivity. We measured ecosystem geomorphic and soil attributes, sediment and nutrient loading, and rates of soil nutrient biogeochemistry processes (denitrification; N and P mineralization) then used boosted regression trees (BRT) to identify controls on sedimentation and nutrient processing. Local channel and floodplain morphology and position within the river network controlled connectivity with increased sedimentation at sites downstream of impaired reaches and at floodplain plots near the stream channel and at low elevations. We observed that nitrogen loading (both dissolved and particulate) was positively correlated with denitrification and N mineralization and dissolved phosphate loading positively influenced P mineralization; however, none of these input rates or transformations differed between floodplain elevation categories. Instead, continuous gradients of connectivity were observed rather than categorical shifts between inset and high floodplains. Organic matter and nutrient content in floodplain soils increased with the time since restoration, which highlights the importance of recovery time after construction that is needed for restored systems to increase ecosystem functions. Our results highlight the importance of restoring floodplains downstream of sources of impairment and building them at lower elevations so they flood frequently, not just during bankfull events. This integrated approach has the greatest potential for increasing trapping of sediment, nutrients, and associated pollutants in restored streams and thereby improving water quality in urban watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.006","usgsCitation":"McMillan, S., and Noe, G.E., 2017, Increasing floodplain connectivity through urban stream restoration increases nutrient and sediment retention: Ecological Engineering, v. 108, no. A, p. 284-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"295","ipdsId":"IP-088155","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Mecklenburg County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.7823,35.5113],[-80.7867,35.5031],[-80.7889,35.4949],[-80.7831,35.4836],[-80.7819,35.475],[-80.7779,35.4668],[-80.7778,35.4614],[-80.7744,35.4578],[-80.7549,35.423],[-80.7525,35.4148],[-80.7553,35.4125],[-80.7638,35.4134],[-80.7693,35.402],[-80.7551,35.3944],[-80.7364,35.3786],[-80.7187,35.3624],[-80.704,35.3552],[-80.6983,35.3507],[-80.6822,35.3131],[-80.6677,35.2705],[-80.6214,35.2499],[-80.5954,35.2369],[-80.5485,35.2108],[-80.6245,35.1487],[-80.7328,35.0627],[-80.7645,35.0375],[-80.7684,35.0348],[-80.7746,35.0329],[-80.7858,35.0315],[-80.7892,35.0314],[-80.8009,35.0286],[-80.8155,35.0204],[-80.8194,35.019],[-80.8216,35.018],[-80.8216,35.0167],[-80.8288,35.0098],[-80.835,35.0061],[-80.8405,35.0016],[-80.8604,35.0246],[-80.8854,35.0535],[-80.9016,35.0716],[-80.9312,35.1049],[-80.9373,35.1018],[-81.0383,35.0452],[-81.0419,35.0432],[-81.0447,35.0468],[-81.0464,35.0482],[-81.0483,35.0507],[-81.0503,35.0527],[-81.0528,35.0557],[-81.0548,35.0582],[-81.0568,35.0611],[-81.0577,35.0636],[-81.0586,35.067],[-81.0582,35.0722],[-81.0577,35.0788],[-81.0566,35.0834],[-81.0554,35.0868],[-81.0541,35.0904],[-81.0533,35.0927],[-81.0523,35.0956],[-81.0503,35.0975],[-81.0487,35.099],[-81.0462,35.1003],[-81.0437,35.1014],[-81.042,35.1022],[-81.0391,35.1027],[-81.0369,35.1036],[-81.0352,35.1054],[-81.0344,35.1072],[-81.0341,35.1095],[-81.0341,35.1136],[-81.0358,35.1186],[-81.0363,35.1213],[-81.038,35.124],[-81.0408,35.1267],[-81.0425,35.1281],[-81.0454,35.1289],[-81.0476,35.1295],[-81.0499,35.1302],[-81.051,35.1313],[-81.0521,35.1335],[-81.0523,35.1365],[-81.0517,35.1392],[-81.0501,35.142],[-81.0476,35.1463],[-81.0448,35.1494],[-81.0238,35.1486],[-81.0176,35.1536],[-81.0109,35.1532],[-81.0076,35.1569],[-81.0088,35.165],[-81.0049,35.1728],[-81.0045,35.1814],[-81.0046,35.1864],[-81.0063,35.1923],[-81.0064,35.1973],[-81.0054,35.2055],[-81.0071,35.2109],[-81.0129,35.2231],[-81.0113,35.2309],[-81.012,35.2349],[-81.0082,35.2509],[-81.0139,35.2585],[-81.0152,35.2685],[-81.0143,35.2876],[-81.0133,35.293],[-81.0105,35.2944],[-81.0033,35.3017],[-81.0022,35.3045],[-80.9961,35.3113],[-80.9938,35.3132],[-80.9894,35.3205],[-80.9844,35.3237],[-80.9805,35.3287],[-80.9823,35.3341],[-80.984,35.3373],[-80.9818,35.3446],[-80.9706,35.3501],[-80.9656,35.3506],[-80.9593,35.3489],[-80.9537,35.3521],[-80.9442,35.3521],[-80.9374,35.3572],[-80.9285,35.3614],[-80.9268,35.3627],[-80.9296,35.3636],[-80.9432,35.3658],[-80.9505,35.3675],[-80.9563,35.3738],[-80.9597,35.3756],[-80.9625,35.3756],[-80.9647,35.3738],[-80.9669,35.3688],[-80.9697,35.3669],[-80.9742,35.3642],[-80.9776,35.3646],[-80.9844,35.3695],[-80.9868,35.38],[-80.9846,35.3822],[-80.9806,35.3823],[-80.9761,35.3828],[-80.9632,35.3901],[-80.9554,35.3925],[-80.9549,35.4006],[-80.959,35.4133],[-80.9569,35.4288],[-80.9587,35.436],[-80.9527,35.446],[-80.9465,35.4524],[-80.9421,35.457],[-80.9432,35.4602],[-80.9506,35.4656],[-80.9518,35.4701],[-80.948,35.481],[-80.947,35.486],[-80.951,35.4942],[-80.9612,35.4986],[-80.9664,35.509],[-80.9637,35.5131],[-80.9586,35.5163],[-80.9569,35.5177],[-80.7823,35.5113]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mecklenburg\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","volume":"108","issue":"A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e5c519e4b05fe04cd1c9c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMillan, Sara K.","contributorId":197089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMillan","given":"Sara K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190840,"text":"sir20175103 - 2017 - Hydraulic and biological analysis of the passability of select fish species at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging weir at Blackwells Mills, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:40:56.663002","indexId":"sir20175103","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-13T03:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5103","title":"Hydraulic and biological analysis of the passability of select fish species at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging weir at Blackwells Mills, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Recent efforts to advance river connectivity for the Millstone River watershed in New Jersey have led to the evaluation of a low-flow gauging weir that spans the full width of the river. The methods and results of a desktop modelling exercise were used to evaluate the potential ability of three anadromous fish species (Alosa sapidissima [American shad], Alosa pseudoharengus [alewife], and Alosa aestivalis [blueback herring]) to pass upstream over the U.S. Geological Survey Blackwells Mills streamgage (01402000) and weir on the Millstone River, New Jersey, at various streamflows, and to estimate the probability that the weir will be passable during the spring migratory season.
Based on data from daily fishway counts downstream from the Blackwells Mills streamgage and weir between 1996 and 2014, the general migratory period was defined as April 14 to May 28. Recorded water levels and flow data were used to theoretically estimate water depths and velocities over the weir, as well as flow exceedances occurring during the migratory period.
Results indicate that the weir is a potential depth barrier to fish passage when streamflows are below 200 cubic feet per second using a 1-body-depth criterion for American shad (the largest fish among the target species). Streamflows in that range occur on average 35 percent of the time during the migratory period. An increase of the depth criterion to 2 body depths causes the weir to become a possible barrier to passage when flows are below 400 cubic feet per second. Streamflows in that range occur on average 73 percent of the time during the migration season. Average cross-sectional velocities at several points along the weir do not seem to be limiting to the fish migration, but maximum theoretical velocities estimated without friction loss over the face of the weir could be potentially limiting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175103","usgsCitation":"Haro, Alex, Mulligan, Kevin, Suro, T.P., Noreika, John, and McHugh, Amy, 2017, Hydraulic and biological analysis of the passability of select fish species at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging weir at Blackwells Mills, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5103, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175103.","productDescription":"viii, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-082637","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346487,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5103/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":346491,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5103/sir20175103.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5103"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Millstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.66995239257812,\n 40.45060475430765\n ],\n [\n -74.48867797851562,\n 40.45060475430765\n ],\n [\n -74.48867797851562,\n 40.567545853080496\n ],\n [\n -74.66995239257812,\n 40.567545853080496\n ],\n [\n -74.66995239257812,\n 40.45060475430765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Email: gs_nea_lsc_publications@usgs.gov
Many ecosystem processes that influence Earth system feedbacks, including vegetation growth, water and nutrient cycling, and disturbance regimes, are strongly influenced by multi-decadal to millennial-scale variations in climate that cannot be captured by instrumental climate observations. Paleoclimate information is therefore essential for understanding contemporary ecosystems and their potential trajectories under a variety of future climate conditions. With the exception of fossil pollen records, there are a limited number of northeastern US (NE US) paleoclimate archives that can provide constraints on its temperature and hydroclimate history. Moreover, the records that do exist have not been considered together. Tree-ring data indicate that the 20th century was one of the wettest of the past 500 years in the eastern US (Pederson et al., 2014), and lake-level records suggest it was one of the wettest in the Holocene (Newby et al., 2014); how such results compare with other available data remains unclear, however. Here we conduct a systematic review, assessment, and comparison of paleotemperature and paleohydrological proxies from the NE US for the last 3000 years. Regional temperature reconstructions are consistent with the long-term cooling trend (1000 BCE–1700 CE) evident in hemispheric-scale reconstructions, but hydroclimate reconstructions reveal new information, including an abrupt transition from wet to dry conditions around 550–750 CE. NE US paleo data suggest that conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly were warmer and drier than during the Little Ice Age, and drier than today. There is some evidence for an acceleration over the past century of a longer-term wetting trend in the NE US, and coupled with the abrupt shift from a cooling trend to a warming trend from increased greenhouse gases, may have wide-ranging implications for species distributions, ecosystem dynamics, and extreme weather events. More work is needed to gather paleoclimate data in the NE US, make inter-proxy comparisons, and improve estimates of uncertainty in the reconstructions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/cp-2016-104","usgsCitation":"Marlon, J.R., Pederson, N., Nolan, C., Goring, S., Shuman, B., Robertson, A., Booth, R.K., Bartlein, P.J., Berke, M.A., Clifford, M., Cook, E., Dieffenbacher-Krall, A., Dietze, M.C., Hessl, A., Hubeny, J.B., Jackson, S.T., Marsicek, J., McLachlan, J.S., Mock, C.J., Moore, D.J., Nichols, J., Peteet, D.M., Schaefer, K., Trouet, V., Umbanhowar, C., Williams, J.W., and Yu, Z., 2017, Climatic history of the northeastern United States during the past 3000 years: Climate of the Past, v. 13, p. 1355-1379, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-104.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1355","endPage":"1379","ipdsId":"IP-080505","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e1d097e4b05fe04cd117a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marlon, Jennifer R.","contributorId":23432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, Neil","contributorId":149422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pederson","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17731,"text":"Research Scientist, Tree Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolan, Connor","contributorId":197051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nolan","given":"Connor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goring, Simon","contributorId":167180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goring","given":"Simon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shuman, Bryan","contributorId":99039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuman","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robertson, Ann","contributorId":197075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Booth, Robert K.","contributorId":17177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Berke, Melissa A.","contributorId":197076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berke","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clifford, Michael","contributorId":197077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clifford","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cook, Edward","contributorId":197078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dieffenbacher-Krall, Ann","contributorId":197079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dieffenbacher-Krall","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dietze, Michael C.","contributorId":15908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietze","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hessl, Amy","contributorId":50594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessl","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hubeny, J. Bradford","contributorId":197080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubeny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Marsicek, Jeremiah","contributorId":197081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsicek","given":"Jeremiah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"McLachlan, Jason S.","contributorId":167179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLachlan","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Mock, Cary J.","contributorId":87323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mock","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Moore, David J. P.","contributorId":169810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Nichols, Jonathan M.","contributorId":45945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Jonathan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Peteet, Dorothy M. 0000-0003-3029-7506","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-7506","contributorId":147523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peteet","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16858,"text":"Goddard Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Schaefer, Kevin","contributorId":63323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Trouet, Valerie","contributorId":197082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trouet","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Umbanhowar, Charles","contributorId":197083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Umbanhowar","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Williams, John W.","contributorId":16761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Yu, Zicheng 0000-0003-2358-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-2712","contributorId":147521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Zicheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16857,"text":"Lehigh Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70189709,"text":"sir20175074 - 2017 - Estimation of the groundwater resources of the bedrock aquifers at the Kettle Moraine Springs State Fish Hatchery, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T11:27:22","indexId":"sir20175074","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-12T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5074","title":"Estimation of the groundwater resources of the bedrock aquifers at the Kettle Moraine Springs State Fish Hatchery, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Groundwater resources information was needed to understand regional aquifer systems and water available to wells and springs for rearing important Lake Michigan fish species at the Kettle Moraine Springs State Fish Hatchery in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. As a basis for estimating the groundwater resources available, an existing groundwater-flow model was refined, and new groundwater-flow models were developed for the Kettle Moraine Springs State Fish Hatchery area using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) finite-difference code MODFLOW. This report describes the origin and construction of these groundwater-flow models and their use in testing conceptual models and simulating the hydrogeologic system.
The study area is in the Eastern Ridges and Lowlands geographical province of Wisconsin, and the hatchery property is situated on the southeastern edge of the Kettle Moraine, a north-south trending topographic high of glacial origin. The bedrock units underlying the study area consist of Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian units of carbonate and siliciclastic lithology. In the Sheboygan County area, the sedimentary bedrock sequence reaches a thickness of as much as about 1,600 feet (ft).
Two aquifer systems are present at the Kettle Moraine Springs State Fish Hatchery. A shallow system is made up of Silurian bedrock, consisting chiefly of dolomite, overlain by unconsolidated Quaternary-age glacial deposits. The glacial deposits of this aquifer system are the typical source of water to local springs, including the springs that have historically supplied the hatchery. The shallow aquifer system, therefore, consists of the unconsolidated glacial aquifer and the underlying bedrock Silurian aquifer. Most residential wells in the area draw from the Silurian aquifer. A deeper confined aquifer system is made up of Cambrian- and Ordovician-age bedrock units including sandstone formations. Because of its depth, very few wells are completed in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system (COAS) near the Kettle Moraine Springs State Fish Hatchery.
Three groundwater-flow models were used to estimate the water resources available to the hatchery from bedrock aquifers under selected scenarios of well placement and seasonal water requirements and subject to constraints on the effects of pumping on neighboring wells, local springs, and creeks. Model input data (recharge, water withdrawal, and boundary conditions) for these models were compiled from a number of data and information sources.
The first model, named the “KMS model,” (KMS stands for Kettle Moraine Springs) is an inset model derived from a published USGS regional Lake Michigan Basin model and was constructed to simulate groundwater pumping from the semiconfined Silurian aquifer. The second model, named the “Pumping Test model,” was constructed to evaluate an aquifer pumping test conducted in the COAS as part of this project. The Pumping Test model was also used to simulate the local effects of 20 years of groundwater pumping from this deep bedrock aquifer for future hatchery operations. The third model, named the “LMB modified model,” is a version of the published Lake Michigan Basin (LMB) model that was modified with aquifer parameters refined in an area around the hatchery (approximately a 5-mile radius circle, corresponding to the area stressed by the aquifer pumping test). This LMB modified model was applied to evaluate regional effects of pumping from the confined COAS.
The available Silurian aquifer groundwater resource was estimated using the KMS model with three scenarios—named “AllConstraints,” “Constraints2,” and “Constraints3”—that specified local water-level and flow constraints such as drawdown at nearby household wells, water levels inside pumping well boreholes, and flow in local streams and springs. Each scenario utilized the MODFLOW Groundwater Management Process (GWM) to select three locations from six candidate locations that provided the greatest combined flow while satisfying the constraints. The three constraint scenarios provided estimates of 430 gallons per minute (gal/min), 480 gal/min, and 520 gal/min pumping from three wells—AllConstraints, Constraints2, and Constraints3, respectively. The same three wells were selected for the scenarios that estimated 480 gal/min and 520 gal/min; the scenario that estimated 430 gal/min shared two of these same wells, but the third selected well was different.
The available COAS groundwater resource was estimated by two scenarios with each conducted over a period of 20 years with the Pumping Test model and the LMB modified model. The Pumping Test model was used to simulate local effects of pumping, and the LMB modified model was used to simulate regional effects of pumping. The scenarios simulate a range of total and seasonal pumping rates potentially linked to site activities. Scenario 1 simulates two wells completed in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, each pumping for 8 months at 300 gal/min, followed by pumping for 4 months at 600 gal/min. The average yearly pumping rate of Scenario 1 is 800 gal/min. Scenario 2 simulates three wells completed in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system pumping for 8 months at 200 gal/min, followed by pumping for 4 months at 500 gal/min. The average yearly pumping rate of Scenario 2 is 900 gal/min. The Pumping Test model simulations confirmed that drawdown in the boreholes of the pumping wells at the selected 2-well or 3-well rates will meet the desired condition that the pumping water level remains at least 100 ft above the highest Cambrian-Ordovician unit open to the well.
The LMB modified model was used to evaluate the regional drawdown of the pumping from the confined COAS under the same 2-well and 3-well scenarios. At the nearest known existing COAS well, Campbellsport production well #4, the simulated drawdown for Scenario 1 after 20 years of cyclical pumping with two pumping wells averaging a total of 800 gal/min is 16.9 ft, whereas the simulated drawdown for Scenario 2 after 20 years of pumping with three pumping wells averaging a total of 900 gal/min is 19.0 ft. The total deep aquifer thickness at the Campbellsport location is on the order of 620 ft, meaning that the simulated drawdown for either scenario is about 3 percent of the confined aquifer thickness.
The models developed as part of this project are archived in the project data release. The archive includes the model input and output files as well as MODFLOW source code and executables. (Haserodt and others, 2017).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Fisheries Management Program of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Dunning, C.P., Feinstein, D.T., Buchwald, C.A., Hunt, R.J., and Haserodt, M.J., 2017, Estimation of the groundwater resources of the bedrock aquifers at the Kettle Moraine Springs State Fish Hatchery, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5074, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175074.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 104 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079387","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5074/sir20175074.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5074"},{"id":346497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5074/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":346499,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77S7KW2","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"GWM-2005, MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-NWT, and SEAWAT-2000 groundwater flow models of the Bedrock Aquifers at the Kettle Moraine Springs State Fish Hatchery, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Sheboygan County","otherGeospatial":"Kettle Moraine Springs State Fish Hatchery","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.0778,\n 43.5944\n ],\n [\n -88.0889,\n 43.5944\n ],\n [\n -88.0889,\n 43.6167\n ],\n [\n -88.0778,\n 43.6167\n ],\n [\n -88.0778,\n 43.5944\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
The seismic response of active and intermittently active landslides is an important issue to resolve to determine if such landslides present an elevated hazard in future earthquakes. To study the response of landslide deposits, seismographs were placed on the Mission Peak landslide in the eastern San Francisco Bay region for a period of one year. Numerous local and near‐regional earthquakes were recorded that reveal a complexity of seismic response phenomena using the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio method. At lower frequencies, a clear spectral peak is observed at 0.5 Hz common to all four stations in the array and is attributed to a surface topographic effect. At higher frequencies, other spectral peaks occur that are interpreted in terms of local deposits and structures. Site amplification from the standard reference site method shows the minimum amplification with a factor of 2, comparing a site on and off the landslide. A site located on relatively homogeneous deposits of loose soils shows a clear spectral peak associated with the thickness of the deposit. Another site on a talus‐filled graben near the headscarp shows possible 2D or 3D effects from subsurface topography or scattering within and between buried sandstone blocks. A third site on a massive partially detached block below the crown of the headscarp shows indications of resonance caused by the reverberation of shear waves within the block. The varied seismic response of different parts of this complex landslide is consistent with other studies which found that, although landslide response is commonly enhanced in the downslope direction of landslide movement, such a response does not occur uniformly or consistently. When it does occur, enhanced site response parallel to the direction of landslide movement would contribute to landslide reactivation during significant earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of the Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120170033","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Leeds, A.L., and Jibson, R.W., 2017, Seismic response of soft deposits due to landslide: The Mission Peak, California, landslide: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 5, p. 2008-2020, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170033.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2008","endPage":"2020","ipdsId":"IP-088233","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 37.3\n ],\n [\n -121.7,\n 37.3\n ],\n [\n -121.7,\n 37.8\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37.8\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59dddc08e4b05fe04ccd05c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leeds, Alena L. 0000-0002-8756-3687 aleeds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-3687","contributorId":4077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeds","given":"Alena","email":"aleeds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}