Water-rights driven surface-water allocations for irrigated agriculture can be simulated using the farm process for MODFLOW-2000. This paper describes and develops a model, which simulates routed surface-water deliveries to farms limited by streamflow, equal-appropriation allotments, or a ranked prior-appropriation system. Simulated diversions account for deliveries to all farms along a canal according to their water-rights ranking and for conveyance losses and gains. Simulated minimum streamflow requirements on diversions help guarantee supplies to senior farms located on downstream diverting canals. Prior appropriation can be applied to individual farms or to groups of farms modeled as “virtual farms” representing irrigation districts, irrigated regions in transboundary settings, or natural vegetation habitats. The integrated approach of jointly simulating canal diversions, surface-water deliveries subject to water-rights constraints, and groundwater allocations is verified on numerical experiments based on a realistic, but hypothetical, system of ranked virtual farms. Results are discussed in light of transboundary water appropriation and demonstrate the approach’s suitability for simulating effects of water-rights hierarchies represented by international treaties, interstate stream compacts, intrastate water rights, or ecological requirements.
The initial interpretation of Galileo data from Jupiter's moon, Io, suggested eruption temperatures ≥1600°C. Tidal heating models have difficulties explaining Io's prodigious heat flow if the mantle is >1300°C, although we suggest that temperatures up to ~1450°C may be possible. In general, Io eruption temperatures have been overestimated because the incorrect thermal model has been applied. Much of the thermal emission from high-temperature hot spots comes from lava fountains but lava flow models were utilized. We apply a new lava fountain model to the highest reported eruption temperature, the SSI observation of the 1997 eruption at Pillan. This resets the lower temperature limit for the eruption from ~1600 to ~1340°C . Additionally, viscous heating of the magma may have increased eruption temperature by ~50-100°C as a result of the strong compressive stresses in the ionian lithosphere. While further work is needed, it appears that the discrepancy between observations and interior models is largely resolved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.008","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Keszthelyi, L., Jaeger, W.L., Milazzo, M.P., Radebaugh, J., Davies, A., and Mitchell, K.L., 2007, New estimates for Io eruption temperatures: Implications for the interior: Icarus, v. 192, no. 2, p. 491-502, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Io","volume":"192","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6574e4b0c8380cd72bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitchell, Karl L.","contributorId":64785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034543,"text":"70034543 - 2007 - Improved outgassing models for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T15:07:28.918166","indexId":"70034543","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Improved outgassing models for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper","docAbstract":"The Landsat-5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) detectors of the short wave infrared (SWIR) bands 5 and 7 are maintained on cryogenic temperatures to minimize thermal noise and allow adequate detection of scene energy. Over the instrument's lifetime, gain oscillations are observed in these bands that are caused by an ice-like contaminant that gradually builds up on the window of a dewar that houses these bands' detectors. This process of icing, an effect of material outgassing in space, is detected and characterized through observations of Internal Calibrator (IC) data. Analyses of IC data indicated three to five percent uncertainty in absolute gain estimates due to this icing phenomenon. The thin-film interference lifetime models implemented in the image product generation systems at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) successfully remove up to 80 percent of the icing effects for the image acquisition period from the satellite's launch in 1984 until 2001; however, their correction ability was found to be much lower for the time thereafter. This study concentrates on improving the estimates of the contaminant film growth rate and the associated change in the period of gain oscillations. The goal is to provide model parameters with the potential to correct 70 to 80 percent of gain uncertainties caused by outgassing effects in L5 TM bands 5 and 7 over the instrument's entire lifetime.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2007","conferenceDate":"June 23-28, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona, Spain","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423440","usgsCitation":"Micijevic, E., Chander, G., and Hayes, R.W., 2007, Improved outgassing models for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Barcelona, Spain, June 23-28, 2007, p. 2860-2863, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423440.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2860","endPage":"2863","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3961e4b0c8380cd618d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, R. W.","contributorId":105493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032213,"text":"70032213 - 2007 - Comparative lahar hazard mapping at Volcan Citlaltépetl, Mexico using SRTM, ASTER and DTED-1 digital topographic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T09:38:33","indexId":"70032213","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative lahar hazard mapping at Volcan Citlaltépetl, Mexico using SRTM, ASTER and DTED-1 digital topographic data","docAbstract":"In this study, we evaluated and compared the utility of spaceborne SRTM and ASTER DEMs with baseline DTED-1 “bald-earth” topography for mapping lahar inundation hazards from volcan Citlaltépetl, Mexico, a volcano which has had a history of producing debris flows of various extents. In particular, we tested the utility of these topographic datasets for resolving ancient valley-filling deposits exposed around the flanks of the volcano, for determining their magnitude using paleohydrologic methods and for forecasting their inundation limits in the future. We also use the three datasets as inputs to a GIS stream inundation flow model, LAHARZ, and compare the results.
\nIn general all three datasets, with spatial resolution of 90 m or better, were capable of resolving debris flow and lahar deposits at least 3 × 106 m3 in volume or larger. Canopy- and slope-related height errors in the ASTER and SRTM DEMs limit their utility for measuring valley-filling cross-sectional area and deriving flow magnitude for the smallest deposits using a cross-sectional area to volume scaling equation. Height errors in the ASTER and SRTM DEMs also causes problems in resolving stream valley hydrography which controls lahar flow paths and stream valley morphology which controls lahar filling capacity. However, both of the two spaceborne DEM datasets are better than DTED-1 at resolving fine details in stream hydrography and erosional morphologies of volcaniclastics preserved in the valleys around the more humid, eastern flanks of the volcanic range.
\nThe results of LAHARZ flow inundation modeling using all three DEMs as inputs are remarkably similar and co-validate one another. For example, at Citlaltépetl all lahar simulations show that the city of Orizaba is the most vulnerable to flows similar in magnitude to, or larger than, one that occurred in 1920. Many of the other cities and towns illustrated are built higher up on terrace deposits of older debris flows, and are safe from all but the largest flows, which occur less frequently.
\nFinally, ASTERs 60 km swath width and 8% duty cycle presents a challenge for mapping lahar inundation hazards at E–W oriented stream valleys in low-latitude areas with persistent cloud cover. However, its continued operations enhances its utility as a means for updating the continuous but one-time coverage of SRTM, and for filling voids in the SRTM dataset such as those that occur along steep-sided valleys prone to hazards from future lahars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.09.005","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, B.E., Sheridan, M.F., Carrasco-Nunez, G., Diaz-Castellon, R., and Rodriguez, S.R., 2007, Comparative lahar hazard mapping at Volcan Citlaltépetl, Mexico using SRTM, ASTER and DTED-1 digital topographic data: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 160, no. 1-2, p. 99-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.09.005.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"124","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.09.005"}],"volume":"160","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f81ee4b0c8380cd4cebb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheridan, Michael F.","contributorId":59413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo","contributorId":44714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrasco-Nunez","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diaz-Castellon, Rodolfo","contributorId":37936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz-Castellon","given":"Rodolfo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez, Sergio R.","contributorId":35529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031507,"text":"70031507 - 2007 - Suspended sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:11:23","indexId":"70031507","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Water-quality managers desire information on the temporal and spatial variability of contaminant concentrations and the magnitudes of watershed and bed-sediment loads in San Francisco Bay. To help provide this information, the Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances in the San Francisco Estuary (RMP) takes advantage of the association of many contaminants with sediment particles by continuously measuring suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), which is an accurate, less costly, and more easily measured surrogate for several trace metals and organic contaminants. Continuous time series of SSC are collected at several sites in the Bay. Although semidiurnal and diurnal tidal fluctuations are present, most of the variability of SSC occurs at fortnightly, monthly, and semiannual tidal time scales. A seasonal cycle of sediment inflow, wind-wave resuspension, and winnowing of fine sediment also is observed. SSC and, thus, sediment-associated contaminants tend to be greater in shallower water, at the landward ends of the Bay, and in several localized estuarine turbidity maxima. Although understanding of sediment transporthas improved in the first 10 years of the RMP, determining a simple mass budget of sediment or associated contaminants is confounded by uncertainties regarding sediment flux at boundaries, change in bed-sediment storage, and appropriate modeling techniques. Nevertheless, management of sediment-associated contaminants has improved greatly. Better understanding of sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in the Bay is of great interest to evaluate the value of control actions taken and the need for additional controls.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002","issn":"00139351","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Mumley, T., and Leatherbarrow, J., 2007, Suspended sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in San Francisco Bay: Environmental Research, v. 105, no. 1, p. 119-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba302e4b08c986b31faff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mumley, T.E.","contributorId":17830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mumley","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leatherbarrow, J.E.","contributorId":56035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leatherbarrow","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030580,"text":"70030580 - 2007 - Survival of wood duck ducklings and broods in Mississippi and Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030580","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of wood duck ducklings and broods in Mississippi and Alabama","docAbstract":"Although North American wood ducks (Aix sponsa) are well-studied throughout their range, researchers know little about demographic and environmental factors influencing survival of ducklings and broods, which is necessary information for population management. We studied radiomarked female and duckling wood ducks that used nest boxes and palustrine wetlands at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (NNWR) in Mississippi, USA, in 1996-1999, and riverine wetlands of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Rivers and Waterway (TTRW) system in Alabama in 1998-1999. We estimated survival of ducklings and broods and evaluated potentially important predictors of duckling survival, including age and body mass of brood-rearing females, hatch date of ducklings, duckling mass, brood size at nest departure, inter-day travel distance by ducklings, site and habitat use, and daily minimum air temperature and precipitation. At NNWR, survival of 300 radiomarked ducklings ranged from 0.15 (95% CI = 0.04-0.27) to 0.24 (95% CI = 0.13-0.38) and was 0.21 (95% CI = 0.15-0.28) for 1996-1999. Our overall estimate of brood survival was 0.64 (n = 91; 95% CI = 0.54-0.73). At TTRW, survival of 129 radiomarked ducklings was 0.29 in 1998 (95% CI = 0.20-0.41) and 1999 (95% CI = 0.13-0.45) and was 0.29 (95% CI = 0.20-0.40) for 1998-1999. Our overall estimate of brood survival was 0.71 (n = 38; 95% CI = 0.56-0.85). At NNWR, models that included all predictor variables best explained variation in duckling survival. Akaike weight (wi) for the best model was 0.81, suggesting it was superior to other models (<0.01 ??? wi ???0.18). We detected 4 competing models for duckling survival at TTRW. Inter-day distance traveled by ducklings was important as this variable appeared in all 4 models; duckling survival was positively related to this variable. Patterns of habitat-related survival were similar at both study areas. Ducklings in broods that used scrub-shrub habitats disjunct from wetlands containing aggregations of nest boxes had greater survival probabilities than birds remaining in wetlands with such nest structures. Managers may increase local wood duck recruitment by promoting availability of suitable brood habitats (e.g., scrub-shrub wetlands) without aggregations of nest boxes that may attract predators and by dispersing nest boxes amid or adjacent to these habitats. We did not determine an optimal density of nest boxes relative to local or regional population goals, which remains important research and conservation needs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2005-720","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Davis, J.B., Cox, R.R., Kaminski, R., and Leopold, B., 2007, Survival of wood duck ducklings and broods in Mississippi and Alabama: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 2, p. 507-517, https://doi.org/10.2193/2005-720.","startPage":"507","endPage":"517","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2005-720"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2e3e4b08c986b31fa2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J. B. hdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":81838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","email":"hdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leopold, B.D.","contributorId":72738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030162,"text":"70030162 - 2007 - A land-cover map for South and Southeast Asia derived from SPOT-VEGETATION data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T16:17:47","indexId":"70030162","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A land-cover map for South and Southeast Asia derived from SPOT-VEGETATION data","docAbstract":"Aim Our aim was to produce a uniform ‘regional’ land-cover map of South and Southeast Asia based on ‘sub-regional’ mapping results generated in the context of the Global Land Cover 2000 project.
Location The ‘region’ of tropical and sub-tropical South and Southeast Asia stretches from the Himalayas and the southern border of China in the north, to Sri Lanka and Indonesia in the south, and from Pakistan in the west to the islands of New Guinea in the far east.
Methods The regional land-cover map is based on sub-regional digital mapping results derived from SPOT-VEGETATION satellite data for the years 1998–2000. Image processing, digital classification and thematic mapping were performed separately for the three sub-regions of South Asia, continental Southeast Asia, and insular Southeast Asia. Landsat TM images, field data and existing national maps served as references. We used the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) for coding the sub-regional land-cover classes and for aggregating the latter to a uniform regional legend. A validation was performed based on a systematic grid of sample points, referring to visual interpretation from high-resolution Landsat imagery. Regional land-cover area estimates were obtained and compared with FAO statistics for the categories ‘forest’ and ‘cropland’.
Results The regional map displays 26 land-cover classes. The LCCS coding provided a standardized class description, independent from local class names; it also allowed us to maintain the link to the detailed sub-regional land-cover classes. The validation of the map displayed a mapping accuracy of 72% for the dominant classes of ‘forest’ and ‘cropland’; regional area estimates for these classes correspond reasonably well to existing regional statistics.
Main conclusions The land-cover map of South and Southeast Asia provides a synoptic view of the distribution of land cover of tropical and sub-tropical Asia, and it delivers reasonable thematic detail and quantitative estimates of the main land-cover proportions. The map may therefore serve for regional stratification or modelling of vegetation cover, but could also support the implementation of forest policies, watershed management or conservation strategies at regional scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01637.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Stibig, H., Belward, A., Roy, P., Rosalina-Wasrin, U., Agrawal, S., Joshi, P., Hildanus, Beuchle, R., Fritz, S., Mubareka, S., and Giri, S., 2007, A land-cover map for South and Southeast Asia derived from SPOT-VEGETATION data: Journal of Biogeography, v. 34, no. 4, p. 625-637, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01637.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"637","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01637.x"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e430e4b0c8380cd4649c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stibig, H.-J.","contributorId":14198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stibig","given":"H.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belward, A.S.","contributorId":6197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belward","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, P.S.","contributorId":87369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosalina-Wasrin, U.","contributorId":39199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosalina-Wasrin","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agrawal, S.","contributorId":30448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agrawal","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Joshi, P.K.","contributorId":78553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joshi","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hildanus","contributorId":128026,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hildanus","id":535157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beuchle, R.","contributorId":39584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beuchle","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fritz, S.","contributorId":91221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mubareka, S.","contributorId":7912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mubareka","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Giri, S.","contributorId":102621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70031621,"text":"70031621 - 2007 - Recent results on the spatiotemporal modelling and comparative analysis of Black Death and bubonic plague epidemics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031621","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3201,"text":"Public Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent results on the spatiotemporal modelling and comparative analysis of Black Death and bubonic plague epidemics","docAbstract":"Background: This work demonstrates the importance of spatiotemporal stochastic modelling in constructing maps of major epidemics from fragmentary information, assessing population impacts, searching for possible etiologies, and performing comparative analysis of epidemics. Methods: Based on the theory previously published by the authors and incorporating new knowledge bases, informative maps of the composite space-time distributions were generated for important characteristics of two major epidemics: Black Death (14th century Western Europe) and bubonic plague (19th-20th century Indian subcontinent). Results: The comparative spatiotemporal analysis of the epidemics led to a number of interesting findings: (1) the two epidemics exhibited certain differences in their spatiotemporal characteristics (correlation structures, trends, occurrence patterns and propagation speeds) that need to be explained by means of an interdisciplinary effort; (2) geographical epidemic indicators confirmed in a rigorous quantitative manner the partial findings of isolated reports and time series that Black Death mortality was two orders of magnitude higher than that of bubonic plague; (3) modern bubonic plague is a rural disease hitting harder the small villages in the countryside whereas Black Death was a devastating epidemic that indiscriminately attacked large urban centres and the countryside, and while the epidemic in India lasted uninterruptedly for five decades, in Western Europe it lasted three and a half years; (4) the epidemics had reverse areal extension features in response to annual seasonal variations. Temperature increase at the end of winter led to an expansion of infected geographical area for Black Death and a reduction for bubonic plague, reaching a climax at the end of spring when the infected area in Western Europe was always larger than in India. Conversely, without exception, the infected area during winter was larger for the Indian bubonic plague; (5) during the Indian epidemic, the disease disappeared and reappeared several times at most locations; in Western Europe, once the disease entered a place, it lasted a time proportional to the population and then disappeared for several years (this on-and-off situation lasted more than three centuries); and (6) on average, Black Death moved much faster than bubonic plague to reach virgin territories, despite the fact that India is only slightly larger in area than Western Europe and had a railroad network almost instantly moving infected rats, fleas, and people from one end of the subcontinent to the other. Conclusions: These findings throw new light on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the epidemics and need to be taken into consideration in the scientific discussion concerning the two devastating diseases and the lessons learned from them. ?? 2007 The Royal Institute of Public Health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Public Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.puhe.2006.12.011","issn":"00333506","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., Olea, R., and Yu, H., 2007, Recent results on the spatiotemporal modelling and comparative analysis of Black Death and bubonic plague epidemics: Public Health, v. 121, no. 9, p. 700-720, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2006.12.011.","startPage":"700","endPage":"720","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212447,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2006.12.011"}],"volume":"121","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a963ae4b0c8380cd81e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, H.-L.","contributorId":12267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"H.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030181,"text":"70030181 - 2007 - Quantifying foodweb interactions with simultaneous linear equations: Stable isotope models of the Truckee River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030181","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying foodweb interactions with simultaneous linear equations: Stable isotope models of the Truckee River, USA","docAbstract":"Aquatic foodweb models for 2 seasons (relatively high- [March] and low-flow [August] conditions) were constructed for 4 reaches on the Truckee River using ??13C and ??15N data from periphyton, macroinvertebrate, and fish samples collected in 2003 and 2004. The models were constructed with isotope values that included measured periphyton signatures and calculated mean isotope values for detritus and seston as basal food sources of each food web. The pseudo-optimization function in Excel's Solver module was used to minimize the sum of squared error between predicted and observed stable-isotope values while simultaneously solving for diet proportions for all foodweb consumers and estimating ??13C and ??15N trophic enrichment factors. This approach used an underdetermined set of simultaneous linear equations and was tested by running the pseudo-optimization procedure for 500 randomly selected sets of initial conditions. Estimated diet proportions had average standard deviations (SDs) of 0.03 to 0.04??? and SDs of trophic enrichment factors ranged from <0.005 to 0.05??? based on the results of the 500 runs, indicating that the modeling approach was very robust. However, sensitivity analysis of calculated detritus and seston ??13C and ??15N values indicated that the robustness of the approach is dependent on having accurate measures of all observed foodweb-component ??13c and ??15N values. Model results from the 500 runs using the mean isotope values for detritus and seston indicated that upstream food webs were the simplest, with fewer feeding groups and trophic interactions (e.g., 21 interactions for 10 feeding groups), whereas food webs for the reach downstream of the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area were the most complex (e.g., 58 interactions for 16 feeding groups). Nonnative crayfish were important omnivores in each reach and drew energy from multiple sources, but appeared to be energetic dead ends because they generally were not consumed. Predatory macroinvertebrate diets varied along the river and affected estimated trophic positions of fish that consumed them. Differences in complexity and composition of the food webs appeared to be related to season, but could also have been caused by interactions with nonnative species, especially invasive crayfish. ?? 2007 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/06-115.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Saito, L., Redd, C., Chandra, S., Atwell, L., Fritsen, C., and Rosen, M.R., 2007, Quantifying foodweb interactions with simultaneous linear equations: Stable isotope models of the Truckee River, USA: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 26, no. 4, p. 642-662, https://doi.org/10.1899/06-115.1.","startPage":"642","endPage":"662","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211967,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/06-115.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91cce4b0c8380cd80480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saito, L.","contributorId":59402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saito","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redd, C.","contributorId":26514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redd","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandra, S.","contributorId":68867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandra","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atwell, L.","contributorId":42428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwell","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fritsen, C.H.","contributorId":43979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritsen","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031284,"text":"70031284 - 2007 - Linkages between Alaskan sockeye salmon abundance, growth at sea, and climate, 1955-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70031284","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linkages between Alaskan sockeye salmon abundance, growth at sea, and climate, 1955-2002","docAbstract":"We tested the hypothesis that increased growth of salmon during early marine life contributed to greater survival and abundance of salmon following the 1976/1977 climate regime shift and that this, in turn, led to density-dependent reductions in growth during late marine stages. Annual measurements of Bristol Bay (Bering Sea) and Chignik (Gulf of Alaska) sockeye salmon scale growth from 1955 to 2002 were used as indices of body growth. During the first and second years at sea, growth of both stocks tended to be higher after the 1976-1977 climate shift, whereas growth during the third year and homeward migration was often below average. Multiple regression models indicated that return per spawner of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon and adult abundance of western and central Alaska sockeye salmon were positively correlated with growth during the first 2 years at sea and negatively correlated with growth during later life stages. After accounting for competition between Bristol Bay sockeye and Asian pink salmon, age-specific adult length of Bristol Bay salmon increased after the 1976-1977 regime shift, then decreased after the 1989 climate shift. Late marine growth and age-specific adult length of Bristol Bay salmon was exceptionally low after 1989, possibly reducing their reproductive potential. These findings support the hypothesis that greater marine growth during the first 2 years at sea contributed to greater salmon survival and abundance, which in turn led to density-dependent growth during later life stages when size-related mortality was likely lower. Our findings provide new evidence supporting the importance of bottom-up control in marine ecosystems and highlight the complex dynamics of species interactions that continually change as salmon grow and mature in the ocean. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.016","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Ruggerone, G., Nielsen, J., and Bumgarner, J., 2007, Linkages between Alaskan sockeye salmon abundance, growth at sea, and climate, 1955-2002: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 54, no. 23-26, p. 2776-2793, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.016.","startPage":"2776","endPage":"2793","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212585,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.016"},{"id":240090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"23-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47cbe4b0c8380cd679a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggerone, G.T.","contributorId":83253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerone","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bumgarner, J.","contributorId":35950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008607,"text":"1008607 - 2007 - Responses of pond-breeding amphibians to wildfire: Short-term patterns in occupancy and colonization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:48:46","indexId":"1008607","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of pond-breeding amphibians to wildfire: Short-term patterns in occupancy and colonization","docAbstract":"Wildland fires are expected to become more frequent and severe in many ecosystems, potentially posing a threat to many sensitive species. We evaluated the effects of a large, stand-replacement wildfire on three species of pond-breeding amphibians by estimating changes in occupancy of breeding sites during the three years before and after the fire burned 42 of 83 previously surveyed wetlands. Annual occupancy and colonization for each species was estimated using recently developed models that incorporate detection probabilities to provide unbiased parameter estimates. We did not find negative effects of the fire on the occupancy or colonization rates of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum). Instead, its occupancy was higher across the study area after the fire, possibly in response to a large snowpack that may have facilitated colonization of unoccupied wetlands. Naïve data (uncorrected for detection probability) for the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) initially led to the conclusion of increased occupancy and colonization in wetlands that burned. After accounting for temporal and spatial variation in detection probabilities, however, it was evident that these parameters were relatively stable in both areas before and after the fire. We found a similar discrepancy between naïve and estimated occupancy of A. macrodactylum that resulted from different detection probabilities in burned and control wetlands. The boreal toad (Bufo boreas) was not found breeding in the area prior to the fire but colonized several wetlands the year after they burned. Occupancy by B. boreas then declined during years 2 and 3 following the fire. Our study suggests that the amphibian populations we studied are resistant to wildfire and that B. boreas may experience short-term benefits from wildfire. Our data also illustrate how naïve presence–non-detection data can provide misleading results.
We use selected monitoring data to illustrate how localized water diversions from seasonal barriers, gate operations, and export pumps alter water quality across the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California). Dynamics of water-quality variability are complex because the Delta is a mixing zone of water from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, agricultural return water, and the San Francisco Estuary. Each source has distinct water-quality characteristics, and the contribution of each source varies in response to natural hydrologic variability and water diversions. We use simulations with a tidal hydrodynamic model to reveal how three diversion events, as case studies, influence water quality through their alteration of Delta-wide water circulation patterns and flushing time. Reduction of export pumping decreases the proportion of Sacramento- to San Joaquin-derived fresh water in the central Delta, leading to rapid increases in salinity. Delta Cross Channel gate operations control salinity in the western Delta and alter the freshwater source distribution in the central Delta. Removal of the head of Old River barrier, in autumn, increases the flushing time of the Stockton Ship Channel from days to weeks, contributing to a depletion of dissolved oxygen. Each shift in water quality has implications either for habitat quality or municipal drinking water, illustrating the importance of a systems view to anticipate the suite of changes induced by flow manipulations, and to minimize the conflicts inherent in allocations of scarce resources to meet multiple objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"eScholoarship University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss5art2","usgsCitation":"Monsen, N.E., Cloern, J.E., and Burau, J.R., 2007, Effects of flow diversions on water and habitat quality: Examples from California's highly manipulated Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 5, no. 3, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss5art2.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss5art2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -121.14624023437499,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -121.14624023437499,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 37.483576550426996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42fe4b006cb45552c0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monsen, Nancy E.","contributorId":173324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monsen","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033054,"text":"70033054 - 2007 - Biodegradation of organic chemicals in soil/water microcosms system: Model development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033054","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation of organic chemicals in soil/water microcosms system: Model development","docAbstract":"The chemical interactions of hydrophobic organic contaminants with soils and sediments may result in strong binding and slow subsequent release rates that significantly affect remediation rates and endpoints. In order to illustrate the recalcitrance of chemical to degradation on sites, a sorption mechanism of intraparticle sequestration was postulated to operate on chemical remediation sites. Pseudo-first order sequestration kinetics is used in the study with the hypothesis that sequestration is an irreversibly surface-mediated process. A mathematical model based on mass balance equations was developed to describe the fate of chemical degradation in soil/water microcosm systems. In the model, diffusion was represented by Fick's second law, local sorption-desorption by a linear isotherm, irreversible sequestration by a pseudo-first order kinetics and biodegradation by Monod kinetics. Solutions were obtained to provide estimates of chemical concentrations. The mathematical model was applied to a benzene biodegradation batch test and simulated model responses correlated well compared to measurements of biodegradation of benzene in the batch soil/water microcosm system. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effects of several parameters on model behavior. Overall chemical removal rate decreased and sequestration increased quickly with an increase in the sorption partition coefficient. When soil particle radius, a, was greater than 1 mm, an increase in radius produced a significant decrease in overall chemical removal rate as well as an increase in sequestration. However, when soil particle radius was less than 0.1 mm, an increase in radius resulted in small changes in the removal rate and sequestration. As pseudo-first order sequestration rate increased, both chemical removal rate and sequestration increased slightly. Model simulation results showed that desorption resistance played an important role in the bioavailability of organic chemicals in porous media. Complete biostabilization of chemicals on remediation sites can be achieved when the concentration of the reversibly sorbed chemical reduces to zero (i.e., undetectable), with a certain amount of irreversibly sequestrated chemical left inside the soil particle solid phase. ?? 2006 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-006-9185-z","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Liu, L., Tindall, J., Friedel, M., and Zhang, W., 2007, Biodegradation of organic chemicals in soil/water microcosms system: Model development: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 178, no. 1-4, p. 131-143, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9185-z.","startPage":"131","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9185-z"},{"id":240814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f147e4b0c8380cd4ab5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, L.","contributorId":18481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, W.","contributorId":92399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174788,"text":"70174788 - 2007 - Source mechanics for monochromatic icequakes produced during iceberg calving at Columbia Glacier, AK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T12:44:15","indexId":"70174788","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source mechanics for monochromatic icequakes produced during iceberg calving at Columbia Glacier, AK","docAbstract":"Seismograms recorded during iceberg calving contain information pertaining to source processes during calving events. However, locally variable material properties may cause signal distortions, known as site and path effects, which must be eliminated prior to commenting on source mechanics. We applied the technique of horizontal/vertical spectral ratios to passive seismic data collected at Columbia Glacier, AK, and found no dominant site or path effects. Rather, monochromatic waveforms generated by calving appear to result from source processes. We hypothesize that a fluid-filled crack source model offers a potential mechanism for observed seismograms produced by calving, and fracture-processes preceding calving.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007GL031370","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., and Pfeffer, W., 2007, Source mechanics for monochromatic icequakes produced during iceberg calving at Columbia Glacier, AK: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 22, Unpaginated, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031370.","productDescription":"Unpaginated","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0932e4b0c1aacab7d43e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfeffer, W.T.","contributorId":14632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174209,"text":"70174209 - 2007 - Fire risk in San Diego County, California: A weighted Bayesian model approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:43:55","indexId":"70174209","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5116,"text":"California Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire risk in San Diego County, California: A weighted Bayesian model approach","docAbstract":"Fire risk models are widely utilized to mitigate wildfire hazards, but models are often based on expert opinions of less understood fire-ignition and spread processes. In this study, we used an empirically derived weights-of-evidence model to assess what factors produce fire ignitions east of San Diego, California. We created and validated a dynamic model of fire-ignition risk based on land characteristics and existing fire-ignition history data, and predicted ignition risk for a future urbanization scenario. We then combined our empirical ignition-risk model with a fuzzy fire behavior-risk model developed by wildfire experts to create a hybrid model of overall fire risk. We found that roads influence fire ignitions and that future growth will increase risk in new rural development areas. We conclude that empirically derived risk models and hybrid models offer an alternative method to assess current and future fire risk based on management actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Geographical Society","usgsCitation":"Kolden, C.A., and Weigel, T.J., 2007, Fire risk in San Diego County, California: A weighted Bayesian model approach: California Geographer, v. 47, p. 42-60.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f222e4b07dd077c69fa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolden, Crystal A.","contributorId":98610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolden","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weigel, Timothy J.","contributorId":172572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weigel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174801,"text":"70174801 - 2007 - Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:08:26","indexId":"70174801","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited","docAbstract":"In his seminal paper about using seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies, Cairns (1987, Biol Oceanogr 5:261–271) predicted that (1) parameters of seabird biology and behavior would vary in curvilinear fashion with changes in food supply, (2) the threshold of prey density over which birds responded would be different for each parameter, and (3) different seabird species would respond differently to variation in food availability depending on foraging behavior and ability to adjust time budgets. We tested these predictions using data collected at colonies of common murre Uria aalge and black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla in Cook Inlet, Alaska. (1) Of 22 seabird responses fitted with linear and non-linear functions, 16 responses exhibited significant curvilinear shapes, and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) analysis indicated that curvilinear functions provided the best-fitting model for 12 of those. (2) However, there were few differences among parameters in their threshold to prey density, presumably because most responses ultimately depend upon a single threshold for prey acquisition at sea. (3) There were similarities and some differences in how species responded to variability in prey density. Both murres and kittiwakes minimized variability (CV < 15%) in their own body condition and growth of chicks in the face of high annual variability (CV = 69%) in local prey density. Whereas kittiwake breeding success (CV = 63%, r2 = 0.89) reflected prey variability, murre breeding success did not (CV = 29%, r2< 0.00). It appears that murres were able to buffer breeding success by reallocating discretionary ‘loafing’ time to foraging effort in response (r2 = 0.64) to declining prey density. Kittiwakes had little or no discretionary time, so fledging success was a more direct function of local prey density. Implications of these results for using ‘seabirds as indicators’ are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps07078","issn":"0171-8630","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Harding, A., Shultz, M.T., Speckman, S., van Pelt, T.I., Drew, G.S., and Kettle, A.B., 2007, Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 352, p. 221-234, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07078.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"234","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0932e4b0c1aacab7d43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, Ann","contributorId":172489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shultz, Michael T.","contributorId":172925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shultz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kettle, Arthur B.","contributorId":98064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettle","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176141,"text":"70176141 - 2007 - Life history and ecological characteristics of the Santa Ana sucker, Catostomus santaanae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:44:04","indexId":"70176141","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history and ecological characteristics of the Santa Ana sucker, Catostomus santaanae","docAbstract":"The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) reaches its highest abundance in the northern Great Plains, but much of our understanding of cowbird ecology and host-parasite interactions comes from areas outside of this region. We examine cowbird brood parasitism and densities during two studies of breeding birds in the northern Great Plains during 1990–2006. We found 2649 active nests of 75 species, including 746 nonpasserine nests and 1902 passerine nests. Overall, <1% of nonpasserine nests and 25% of passerine nests were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds. Although the overall frequency of cowbird parasitism in passerine nests in these two studies is considered moderate, the frequency of multiple parasitism among parasitized nests was heavy (nearly 50%). The mean number of cowbird eggs per parasitized passerine nest was 1.9 ± 1.2 (SD; range = 1–8 cowbird eggs). The parasitism rates were 9.5% for passerines that typically nest in habitats characterized by woody vegetation, 16.4% for grassland-nesting passerines, 4.7% for passerines known to consistently eject cowbird eggs, and 28.2% for passerines that usually accept cowbird eggs. The Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) was the most commonly parasitized species (43.1% parasitism, 49.6% multiple parasitism, 71.2% of all cases of parasitism). Passerine nests found within areas of higher female cowbird abundance experienced higher frequencies of cowbird parasitism than those found in areas of lower female cowbird abundance. Densities of female cowbirds were positively related to densities and richness of other birds in the breeding bird community.
","language":"English","publisher":"PKP Publishing Services Network","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v121i3.471","issn":"00083","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., and Johnson, D.H., 2007, Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater, parasitism and abundance in the northern Great Plains: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 121, no. 3, p. 239-255, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v121i3.471.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"255","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v121i3.471","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Great Northern Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -96.1083984375,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -96.1083984375,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 44.653024159812\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f28fe4b0c8380cd4b252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032987,"text":"70032987 - 2007 - Hydrothermal circulation at Mount St. Helens determined by self-potential measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-06T11:55:44.401729","indexId":"70032987","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal circulation at Mount St. Helens determined by self-potential measurements","docAbstract":"The distribution of hydrothermal circulation within active volcanoes is of importance in identifying regions of hydrothermal alteration which may in turn control explosivity, slope stability and sector collapse. Self-potential measurements, indicative of fluid circulation, were made within the crater of Mount St. Helens in 2000 and 2001. A strong dipolar anomaly in the self-potential field was detected on the north face of the 1980–86 lava dome. This anomaly reaches a value of negative one volt on the lower flanks of the dome and reverses sign toward the dome summit. The anomaly pattern is believed to result from a combination of thermoelectric, electrokinetic, and fluid disruption effects within and surrounding the dome. Heat supplied from a cooling dacite magma very likely drives a shallow hydrothermal convection cell within the dome. The temporal stability of the SP field, low surface recharge rate, and magmatic component to fumarole condensates and thermal waters suggest the hydrothermal system is maintained by water vapor exsolved from the magma and modulated on short time scales by surface recharge.
Evaluation of CO2 sequestration in formation brine or in seawater needs highly accurate experimental data or models of pressure–volume–temperature-composition (PVTx) properties for the CO2–H2O and CO2–H2O–NaCl systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the experimental PVTx properties and the thermodynamic models of these two systems. The following conclusions are drawn from the review: (1) About two-thirds of experimental data are consistent with each other, where the uncertainty in liquid volumes is within 0.5%, and that in gas volumes within 2%. However, this accuracy is not sufficient for assessing CO2 sequestration. Among the data sets for liquids, only a few are available for accurate modeling of CO2 sequestration. These data have an error of about 0.1% on average, roughly covering from 273 to 642 K and from 1 to 35 MPa; (2) There is a shortage of volumetric data of saturated vapor phase. (3) There are only a few data sets for the ternary liquids, and they are inconsistent with each other, where only a couple of data sets can be used to test a predictive density model for CO2 sequestration; (4) Although there are a few models with accuracy close to that of experiments, none of them is accurate enough for CO2 sequestration modeling, which normally needs an accuracy of density better than 0.1%. Some calculations are made available on www.geochem-model.org.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.11.011","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hu, J., Duan, Z., Zhu, C., and Chou, I., 2007, PVTx properties of the CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems below 647 K: assessment of experimental data and thermodynamic models: Chemical Geology, v. 238, no. 3-4, p. 249-267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.11.011.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"267","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.11.011"}],"volume":"238","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7387e4b0c8380cd770ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Jiawen","contributorId":41630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Jiawen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duan, Zhenhao","contributorId":71302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duan","given":"Zhenhao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Chen","contributorId":6244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029717,"text":"70029717 - 2007 - Latin hypercube approach to estimate uncertainty in ground water vulnerability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70029717","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latin hypercube approach to estimate uncertainty in ground water vulnerability","docAbstract":"A methodology is proposed to quantify prediction uncertainty associated with ground water vulnerability models that were developed through an approach that coupled multivariate logistic regression with a geographic information system (GIS). This method uses Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) to illustrate the propagation of input error and estimate uncertainty associated with the logistic regression predictions of ground water vulnerability. Central to the proposed method is the assumption that prediction uncertainty in ground water vulnerability models is a function of input error propagation from uncertainty in the estimated logistic regression model coefficients (model error) and the values of explanatory variables represented in the GIS (data error). Input probability distributions that represent both model and data error sources of uncertainty were simultaneously sampled using a Latin hypercube approach with logistic regression calculations of probability of elevated nonpoint source contaminants in ground water. The resulting probability distribution represents the prediction intervals and associated uncertainty of the ground water vulnerability predictions. The method is illustrated through a ground water vulnerability assessment of the High Plains regional aquifer. Results of the LHS simulations reveal significant prediction uncertainties that vary spatially across the regional aquifer. Additionally, the proposed method enables a spatial deconstruction of the prediction uncertainty that can lead to improved prediction of ground water vulnerability. ?? 2007 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00298.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Gurdak, J., McCray, J., Thyne, G., and Qi, S., 2007, Latin hypercube approach to estimate uncertainty in ground water vulnerability: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 3, p. 348-361, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00298.x.","startPage":"348","endPage":"361","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213084,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00298.x"},{"id":240673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4580e4b0c8380cd6738a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gurdak, J.J.","contributorId":35119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCray, J.E.","contributorId":31985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCray","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thyne, G.","contributorId":20983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thyne","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, S.L.","contributorId":76140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029701,"text":"70029701 - 2007 - Hierarchical spatiotemporal matrix models for characterizing invasions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T08:47:12","indexId":"70029701","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical spatiotemporal matrix models for characterizing invasions","docAbstract":"The growth and dispersal of biotic organisms is an important subject in ecology. Ecologists are able to accurately describe survival and fecundity in plant and animal populations and have developed quantitative approaches to study the dynamics of dispersal and population size. Of particular interest are the dynamics of invasive species. Such nonindigenous animals and plants can levy significant impacts on native biotic communities. Effective models for relative abundance have been developed; however, a better understanding of the dynamics of actual population size (as opposed to relative abundance) in an invasion would be beneficial to all branches of ecology. In this article, we adopt a hierarchical Bayesian framework for modeling the invasion of such species while addressing the discrete nature of the data and uncertainty associated with the probability of detection. The nonlinear dynamics between discrete time points are intuitively modeled through an embedded deterministic population model with density-dependent growth and dispersal components. Additionally, we illustrate the importance of accommodating spatially varying dispersal rates. The method is applied to the specific case of the Eurasian Collared-Dove, an invasive species at mid-invasion in the United States at the time of this writing. ?? 2006, The International Biometric Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00725.x","issn":"0006341X","usgsCitation":"Hooten, M., Wikle, C.K., Dorazio, R., and Royle, J., 2007, Hierarchical spatiotemporal matrix models for characterizing invasions: Biometrics, v. 63, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00725.x.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212857,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00725.x"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30a6e4b0c8380cd5d815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, M.B.","contributorId":50261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wikle, C. K.","contributorId":57975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. 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Textural observations indicate that the lower strata were emplaced in an explosive event, and geochemical considerations favor an explosive volcanic origin over an impact origin. The lower unit likely represents accumulation of pyroclastic materials, whereas the upper unit may represent eolian reworking of the same pyroclastic materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1139045","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Squyres, S.W., Aharonson, O., Clark, B.C., Cohen, B.A., Crumpler, L., de Souza, P., Farrand, W.H., Gellert, R., Grant, J., Grotzinger, J., Haldemann, A.F., Johnson, J.R., Klingelhofer, G., Lewis, K., Li, R., McCoy, T., McEwen, A.S., McSween, H., Ming, D.W., Moore, J.N., Morris, R., Parker, T.J., Rice, J.W., Ruff, S., Schmidt, M., Schroder, C., Soderblom, L., and Yen, A., 2007, Pyroclastic activity at home plate in Gusev crater, Mars: Science, v. 316, no. 5825, p. 738-742, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139045.","startPage":"738","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477085,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130211-132009215","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212771,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1139045"},{"id":240309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"316","issue":"5825","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9059e4b0c8380cd7fca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squyres, S. 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A.","contributorId":34239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crumpler, L.","contributorId":59545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de Souza, P.A.","contributorId":57579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Souza","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Farrand, W. 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Despite its fisheries, mariculture and attraction to tourists, the environmental state of Bertioga Channel remains poorly studied. The present investigation is an attempt to partly fill this gap; the parameters examined include depth, salinity, temperature, organic carbon, sulfur content and bottom sediment type. Muddy sediments with high organic carbon content derived from land drainage are found in the inner parts of the channel, whereas sandy sediment dominates the areas adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. In the eastern entrance to the channel, sandy sediment contain species of Rotaliida from Facies 1 (including Elphidium discoidale, Elphidium poeyanum, Hanzawaia boueana, Pararotalia cananeiaensis and Nonionella atlantica), reflecting normal marine salinity. Sediments with high percentages of silt and clay in polyhaline and eurybaline environments of the eastern part and Itapanhau?? River contain Facies 2, which includes Ammonia beccarii and Pararotalia cananeiaensis. In the western entrance and central, western and eastern parts, where salinities vary from 18 to 30 psu and the sediments contain both low and high organic carbon, the foraminifera from Facies 3 are dominated by Quinqueloculina milletti, Arenoparrella mexicana, Pararotalia cananeiaensis, Ammonia beccarii, Buliminella elegantissima, Elphidium sp., Elphidium excavatum, Elphidium gunteri and Elphidium poeyanum. In mesohaline and polyhaline waters of the central part, the organic-carbon-rich silt and clay contain Facies 4, which includes Ammonia beccarii, Pararotalia cananeiaensis, Elphidium excavatum and Elphidium sp. Most of organic-carbon-enriched, silty-clay substrates that are subject to the highest fresh-water discharge and high bottom temperatures support two different assemblages: one of mostly Rotaliina and the other mostly of Textulariida (Facies 5 and 6). Facies 5 includes Ammonia beecarii, Elphidium excavatum, Arenoparrella mexicana, Haplophragmoides wilberti, Siphotrochammina lobata, Trochammina inflata and Trochammina sp., all of which are typical of mesohaline sites (mainly Crumau?? and Trindade rivers), and Facies 6 includes Bolivina sp., Ammoastuta salsa, Arenoparrella mexicana, Haplophragmoides wilberti and Trochammina sp., all of which are typical of oligohaline and mesohaline mangrove fringes. The foraminiferal species from the present study are frequently found in paralic environments in Brazil, western Africa and other estuaries around the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.37.3.234","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Eichler, P., Eichler, B., De Miranda, L.B., and Rodrigues, A., 2007, Modern foraminiferal facies in a subtropical estuarine channel, Bertioga, São Paulo, Brazil: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 234-247, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.37.3.234.","startPage":"234","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487619,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.37.3.234","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212861,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.37.3.234"},{"id":240418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c95e4b0c8380cd6fdd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eichler, P.P.B.","contributorId":88155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichler","given":"P.P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eichler, B.B.","contributorId":29219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichler","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Miranda, L. 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The historical climate has included mild to severe droughts and torrential rains accompanied by flooding, providing important lessons for present-day resource managers. Paleoclimate records spanning the last 10,000 years, synthesized across the Estuary, watershed and key regions beyond, provide a basis for increased understanding of how variable California’s climate can be and how it affects the Bay Delta system.
\nThis review of paleoclimate records reveals a gradual warming and drying in California from about 10,000 years to about 4,000 years before present. During this period, the current Bay and Delta were inundated by rising sea level so that by 4,000 years ago the Bay and Delta had taken on much of their present shape and extent. Between about 4,000 and 2,000 years ago, cooler and wetter conditions prevailed in the watershed, lowering salinity in the Estuary and altering local ecosystems. Those wetter conditions gave way to increasing aridity during the past 2,000 years, a general trend punctuated by occasional prolonged and severe droughts and occasional unusually wet, cool periods. California’s climate since A.D. 1850 has been unusually stable and benign, compared to climate variations during the previous 2,000 or more years. Thus, climate variations in California’s future may be even more (perhaps much more) challenging than those of the past 100 years. To improve our understanding of these past examples of climate variability in California, and of the linkages between watershed climate and estuarine responses, greater emphases on paleoclimate records in and around the Estuary, improved temporal resolutions in several record types, and linked watershed-estuary paleo-modeling capabilities are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"eScholarship University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss1art3","usgsCitation":"Malamud-Roam, F., Dettinger, M., Ingram, B.L., Hughes, M.K., and Florsheim, J., 2007, Holocene climates and connections between the San Francisco Bay Estuary and its watershed: A review: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 5, no. 1, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss1art3.","productDescription":"28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss1art3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.48382568359374,\n 37.73379707124427\n ],\n [\n -122.41104125976564,\n 37.610967835536684\n ],\n [\n -122.16659545898438,\n 37.460688409207044\n ],\n [\n -122.05810546875,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -121.94549560546875,\n 37.40398285364167\n ],\n [\n -121.92214965820311,\n 37.467228593296134\n ],\n [\n -122.06634521484376,\n 37.58376576718621\n ],\n [\n -122.11715698242186,\n 37.659906493259385\n ],\n [\n -122.28469848632811,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -122.53875732421875,\n 37.81520859889623\n ],\n [\n -122.48382568359374,\n 37.73379707124427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb0e4b0589fa1c980b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malamud-Roam, F.","contributorId":60428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malamud-Roam","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingram, B. Lynn","contributorId":105631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Malcolm K.","contributorId":173245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Florsheim, Joan","contributorId":115633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Florsheim","given":"Joan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}