Earthquakes pose a threat to the safety of over 143 million people living in the United States. Earthquake impacts can be significantly reduced if communities understand their risk and take proactive steps to mitigate that risk. The Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) is a cooperative effort to collect and analyze seismic and geodetic data on earthquakes, issue timely and reliable notifications of their occurrence and impacts, and provide data for earthquake research and the hazard and risk assessments that are the foundation for creating an earthquakeresilient nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1429","isbn":"978-1-4113-4136-4","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2017, Advanced National Seismic System—Current status, development opportunities, and priorities for 2017–2027 (ver.1.1, July 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1429, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1429.","productDescription":"vii, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-079172","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1429/circ1429.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1429"},{"id":341182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1429/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":345080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1429/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted May 25, 2017; Version 1.1: July 18, 2017","contact":"Earthquake Hazards Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 905
Reston, VA 20192
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey assessed mean undiscovered, technically recoverable resources of 2.3 trillion cubic feet of continuous gas in the Khorat Plateau Province of Thailand and Laos.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173023","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Klett, T.R., Mercier, T.J., Finn, T.M., Tennyson, M.E., Gaswirth, S.B., Marra, K.R., Le, P.A., and Drake, R.M., II, 2017, Assessment of continuous gas resources in the Khorat Plateau Province, Thailand and Laos, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017–3023, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173023.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-082329","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3023/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":341716,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3023/fs20173023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.72 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017-3023"},{"id":341717,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3015/","text":"Fact Sheet 2010–3015 : Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of Southeast Asia, 2010"},{"id":341718,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143033 \t","text":" Fact Sheet 2014–3033 : Assessment of Potential Unconventional Lacustrine Shale-Oil and Shale-Gas Resources, Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand, 2014"}],"country":"Laos, Thailand","otherGeospatial":"Khorat Plateau Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 101.75,\n 14\n ],\n [\n 106.5,\n 14\n ],\n [\n 106.5,\n 19\n ],\n [\n 101.75,\n 19\n ],\n [\n 101.75,\n 14\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Recent studies have shown the potential of acoustic deterrents against invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). This study examined the phonotaxic response of the bighead carp (H. nobilis) to pure tones (500–2000 Hz) and playbacks of broadband sound from an underwater recording of a 100 hp outboard motor (0.06–10 kHz) in an outdoor concrete pond (10 × 5 × 1.2 m) at the U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center in La Crosse, WI. The number of consecutive times the fish reacted to sound from alternating locations at each end of the pond was assessed. Bighead carp were relatively indifferent to the pure tones with median consecutive responses ranging from 0 to 2 reactions away from the sound source. However, fish consistently exhibited significantly (P < 0.001) greater negative phonotaxis to the broadband sound (outboard motor recording) with an overall median response of 20 consecutive reactions during the 10 min trials. In over 50% of broadband sound tests, carp were still reacting to the stimulus at the end of the trial, implying that fish were not habituating to the sound. This study suggests that broadband sound may be an effective deterrent to bighead carp and provides a basis for conducting studies with wild fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.11.009","usgsCitation":"Vetter, B.J., Murchy, K., Cupp, A.R., Amberg, J.J., Gaikowski, M.P., and Mensinger, A.F., 2017, Acoustic deterrence of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) to a broadband sound stimulus: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 43, no. 4, p. 163-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.11.009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"171","ipdsId":"IP-087287","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.11.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5927ed25e4b09c77323ac742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vetter, Brooke J.","contributorId":192271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vetter","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murchy, Kelsie 0000-0003-3034-3488 kmurchy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-3488","contributorId":189376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchy","given":"Kelsie","email":"kmurchy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amberg, Jon J. jamberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":147776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mensinger, Allen F.","contributorId":150852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mensinger","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187972,"text":"70187972 - 2017 - Turbid releases from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, following rainfall-runoff events of September 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-18T15:41:42","indexId":"70187972","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbid releases from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, following rainfall-runoff events of September 2013","docAbstract":"Glen Canyon Dam is a large dam on the Colorado River in Arizona. In September 2013, it released turbid water following intense thunderstorms in the surrounding area. Turbidity was >15 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) for multiple days and >30 NTU at its peak. These unprecedented turbid releases impaired downstream fishing activity and motivated a rapid-response field excursion. At 5 locations upstream from the dam, temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, and turbidity were measured in vertical profiles. Local streamflow and rainfall records were retrieved, and turbidity and specific conductance data in dam releases were evaluated. Profiling was conducted to determine possible sources of turbidity from 3 tributaries nearest the dam, Navajo, Antelope, and Wahweap creeks, which entered Lake Powell as interflows during this study. We discuss 4 key conditions that must have been met for tributaries to influence turbidity of dam releases: tributary flows must have reached the dam, tributary flows must have been laden with sediment, inflow currents must have been near the depth of dam withdrawals, and the settling velocity of particles must have been slow. We isolate 2 key uncertainties that reservoir managers should resolve in future similar studies: the reach of tributary water into the reservoir thalweg and the distribution of particle size of suspended sediment. These uncertainties leave the source of the turbidity ambiguous, although an important role for Wahweap Creek is possible. The unique combination of limnological factors we describe implies that turbid releases at Glen Canyon Dam will continue to be rare.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2017.1293756","usgsCitation":"Wildman, R.A., and Vernieu, W., 2017, Turbid releases from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, following rainfall-runoff events of September 2013: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 33, no. 3, p. 211-216, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2017.1293756.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"216","ipdsId":"IP-064015","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.49578094482422,\n 36.92958567631005\n ],\n [\n -111.37184143066406,\n 36.92958567631005\n ],\n [\n -111.37184143066406,\n 37.00063338417457\n ],\n [\n -111.49578094482422,\n 37.00063338417457\n ],\n [\n -111.49578094482422,\n 36.92958567631005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5927ed24e4b09c77323ac73a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildman, Richard A. Jr.","contributorId":192278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wildman","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vernieu, William bvernieu@usgs.gov","contributorId":2546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vernieu","given":"William","email":"bvernieu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187924,"text":"ofr20171043 - 2017 - Conversing with Pelehonuamea: A workshop combining 1,000+ years of traditional Hawaiian knowledge with 200 years of scientific thought on Kīlauea volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T11:16:29","indexId":"ofr20171043","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1043","title":"Conversing with Pelehonuamea: A workshop combining 1,000+ years of traditional Hawaiian knowledge with 200 years of scientific thought on Kīlauea volcanism","docAbstract":"The events surrounding volcanic eruptions and damaging earthquakes in Hawai‘i have often been described in journals, letters, and newspapers articles in the English language; however, the Hawaiian nation was among the most literate of countries in the 19th century, and many Hawaiian-language newspapers were in circulation through all but the earliest decades of the 19th century. Any modern reconstruction of the history of Hawaiian eruptions or earthquakes should take advantage of all available sources, and so we seek to add the Hawaiian-language newspaper articles, journals, stories, and chants to the volcano and earthquake literature. These sources have been used in many recent volcanological studies.
Another aspect to the mix of science and traditional Hawaiian values is that many of the volcanic summits in Hawaiʻi are considered sacred to Hawaiians. Hawaiian travelers brought the first Western missionary team to the summit of Kīlauea and advised them of the proper protocols and behaviors while in this sacred area. The missionaries dismissed this advice as native superstition and they began a campaign of aggressively stamping out customs and protocols related to the Hawaiian volcano goddess Pelehonuamea. What has survived as native knowledge of the volcanoes is a few phrases from native guides included in some of the missionaries’ journals, and a few stories. Pualani and Kuʻulei Kanahele provide excellent introductions to the Pelehonuamea chants.
In the 21st century, amid a reawakening of Hawaiian culture, modern Hawaiians are demanding protection of their sacred areas, and scientists must be aware of these interests. At the very least, scientists should show respect to Hawaiian values when working in these areas, and should try to minimize disruptions caused by their work. Kaeo Duarte, Peter Mills, and Scott Rowland describe taking this approach in their field work.
Traditional knowledge is also contained in place names. It is important not only to preserve old place names and to recover those no longer used, but also to preserve the stories of those places. Bobby Camara talks about the joys and frustrations of getting information on and recovering Hawaiian place names.
Finally, we hope that a broader interest in Hawaiian views about locations in Hawaiʻi where physical scientific work is done will be as beneficial to physical scientists as it has been to life scientists investigating Hawaiian lifeforms on land and in the ocean, and that both studies will continue to benefit the native peoples of Hawaiʻi.
Note that these proceedings are transcripts of oral presentations illustrated with PowerPoint presentations or charts. Although every effort has been made to assure the accuracy of the oral presentations, there are some gaps where words are not discernible in the voice recordings and are so noted. In other places, bracketed words were added to clarify the speaker’s meaning.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171043","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J.P., and Babb, J.L., comps. and eds., Conversing with Pelehonuamea—A workshop combining 1,000+ years of traditional Hawaiian knowledge with 200 years of scientific thought on Kīlauea volcanism (ver. 1.1, June 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2017–1043, 169 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171043.","productDescription":"Report: version 1.1, 169 p.","numberOfPages":"175","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070029","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1043/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":341760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1043/ofr20171043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1043"},{"id":343180,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1043/ofr20171043_versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2017-1043"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted May 25, 2017; Version 1.1: June 29, 2017","contact":"Volcano Science Center, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 51, 1 Crater Rim Road
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718-0051
California Red-legged Frogs (Rana draytonii) are typically regarded as inhabitants of permanent ponds, marshes, and slow-moving streams, but their ecology in other habitats, such as drainages among coastal dunes, remains obscure. Because coastal dune ecosystems have been degraded by development, off-highway vehicle use, stabilization, and invasive species, these unique ecosystems are the focus of restoration efforts. To better understand the ecology of California Red-legged Frogs in coastal dune ecosystems and to avoid and minimize potential negative effects of dune restoration activities on these rare frogs, we studied their spatial ecology, habitat selection, and survival in coastal dune drainages at Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA. All 22 radio-marked frogs remained in their home drainages throughout the spring and summer of 2015 and, with some notable exceptions, most remained close to water. Local convex hull home ranges of four out of five California Red-legged Frogs with > 20 observations in dunes were < 1,600 m2 . At the population level, frogs were 1.7 (95% credible interval, 1.2‒4.4) times more likely to select sites 1 m closer to water, and were 83 (2.0‒17,000) times more likely to select sites with 10% greater percentage cover of logs that served as refuges from environmental extremes and predators. On average, California Red-legged Frogs avoided the invasive plants Iceplant (Carpobrotus edulis) and European Beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria). Frogs were 0.68 (0.32‒0.89) and 0.55 (0.24‒0.75) times as likely to select areas that had 10% greater cover of these plants, respectively. Assuming constant risk of mortality, California Redlegged Frogs had an annual survival rate of 0.70 (0.27‒0.96) in coastal dune drainages. Our results indicate that coastal dune drainages provide a locally important habitat for California Red-legged Frogs. Restoration practices that maintain wetted drainages with logjams are likely to benefit California Red-legged Frogs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., and Kleeman, P.M., 2017, Frogs on the beach: Ecology of California Red-legged Frogs (Rana draytonii) in coastal dune drainages: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 127-140.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"140","ipdsId":"IP-080617","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341678,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol12_issue1.html"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5927ed26e4b09c77323ac74e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187899,"text":"sir20175027 - 2017 - Response of currents and water quality to changes in dam operations in Hoover Reservoir, Columbus, Ohio, August 24–28, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-26T12:29:50","indexId":"sir20175027","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5027","title":"Response of currents and water quality to changes in dam operations in Hoover Reservoir, Columbus, Ohio, August 24–28, 2015","docAbstract":"Hoover Reservoir, an important drinking water supply for the City of Columbus, Ohio, has been the source of a series of taste and odor problems in treated drinking water during the past few years. These taste and odor problems were caused by the compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, which are thought to have been related to cyanobacteria blooms. In an effort to reduce the phosphorus available for cyanobacteria blooms at fall turnover, the City of Columbus began experimenting with the dam’s selective withdrawal system to remove excess phosphorus in the hypolimnion, which is released from bottom sediments during summer anoxic conditions.
The U.S. Geological Survey completed two synoptic survey campaigns to assess distributions of water quality and water velocity in the lower part of Hoover Reservoir to provide information on the changes to reservoir dynamics caused by changing dam operations. One campaign (campaign 1) was done while water was being withdrawn from the reservoir through the dam’s middle gate and the other (campaign 2) while water was being withdrawn through the dam’s lower gate. Velocities were measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler, and water-quality parameters were measured using an autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with water-quality sensors. Along with the water-quality and water-velocity data, meteorological, inflow and outflow discharges, and independent water-quality data were compiled to monitor changes in other parameters that affect reservoir behavior. Monthly nutrient data, collected by the City of Columbus, were also analyzed for trends in concentration during periods of expected stratification.
Based on the results of the two campaigns, when compared to withdrawing water through the middle gate, withdrawing water through the lower gate seemed to increase shear-driven mixing across the thermocline, which resulted in an increase in the depth of the epilimnion throughout the lower part of Hoover Reservoir. The observations from this study, if repeatable and driven primarily by changes in gate operations, can inform nutrient management strategies for Hoover Reservoir. Increased mixing across the thermocline may potentially supply nutrients from the hypolimnion to algae in the epilimnion. Although operation of the lower gate has the potential to export nutrients from the hypolimnion (where the concentrations of nutrients have typically been higher during summer months) through two mechanisms (direct withdrawal and mixing into the epilimnion), supply of nutrients to the epilimnion through enhanced mixing could lead to a short-term increase in algal populations. Therefore, further study is recommended to (1) test the repeatability of the results of gate changes on water-quality distributions and circulation patterns in lower Hoover Reservoir, (2) identify the immediate effect of gate changes on nutrient concentrations in the water column, and (3) identify the best management practices to reduce the nutrient storage in the hypolimnion of Hoover Reservoir without increasing the potential for nutrient transport to the highly productive epilimnion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175027","usgsCitation":"Vonins, B.L., and Jackson, P.R., 2017, Response of currents and water quality to changes in dam operations in Hoover Reservoir, Columbus, Ohio, August 24–28, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5027, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175027.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 61 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-080214","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438332,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75X271K","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Survey of velocity and bathymetery in Hoover Reservoir, ADCP source data, Columbus, OH (August, 2015)"},{"id":341790,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70863D8","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Three-dimensional point measurements of basic water-quality parameters in Hoover Reservoir near Westerville, Ohio, August 25 and 27, 2015"},{"id":341771,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F75X271K","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Survey of velocity and bathymetry in Hoover Reservoir, ADCP source data, Columbus, OH (August, 2015)"},{"id":341700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5027/sir20175027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"55.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5027"},{"id":341699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5027/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Hoover Dam, Hoover Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.91999816894531,\n 39.989221102071994\n ],\n [\n -82.83004760742188,\n 39.989221102071994\n ],\n [\n -82.83004760742188,\n 40.25647271628502\n ],\n [\n -82.91999816894531,\n 40.25647271628502\n ],\n [\n -82.91999816894531,\n 39.989221102071994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
STE 100
Columbus, OH 43229–1737
American Eel Anguilla rostrata abundance has declined in recent decades, in part because sexually maturing, silver-stage adults, outmigrating from freshwater to oceanic spawning grounds, encounter migratory blockades or perish when passing through active hydroelectric turbines. To help improve downstream passage effectiveness and increase survival rates, the role of silver-stage American Eel conspecific chemical cueing during outmigration was investigated using a new type of bioassay. Inside a laboratory flume, downstream-swimming eels were exposed to both live (putative attractant) and dead (putative repellent) conspecific washings to determine whether their trajectory of downstream movement, level of activity, or time spent inside targeted areas of the arena changed after exposure. Silver eels were not attracted to or repulsed by either odor, as none of five scoring metrics indicated a behavioral response. Results did not support the hypothesis that conspecific chemical cueing is a mechanism for downstream migration coordination or danger avoidance; however responses may not have been readily apparent in this type of assay. Fisheries managers may opt to focus future research on more feasible restoration efforts using alternate experimental designs to remedy this ecological issue.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-017-0611-4","usgsCitation":"Schmucker, A.K., Johnson, N.S., Galbraith, H.S., and Li, W., 2017, An evaluation of silver-stage American Eel conspecific chemical cueing during outmigration: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 100, no. 7, p. 851-864, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0611-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"851","endPage":"864","ipdsId":"IP-082788","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NP22X3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Silver eel responses to live and dead silver eel odors at the U.S. Geological Survey Wellsboro Lab in 2015"},{"id":341763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5927ed25e4b09c77323ac747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmucker, Andrew K.","contributorId":173159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmucker","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":126748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187919,"text":"70187919 - 2017 - Carbon dioxide as an under-ice lethal control for invasive fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-11T12:50:52","indexId":"70187919","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide as an under-ice lethal control for invasive fishes","docAbstract":"Resource managers need effective tools to control invasive fish populations. In this study, we tested under-ice carbon dioxide (CO2) injection as a novel piscicide method for non-native Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and native Bigmouth Buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus). Fish were held overwinter in nine outdoor ponds (0.04 ha surface area; 340,000 L volume) treated with no CO2 (control), 43.5–44.0 kg CO2 (low treatment), and 87.5–88.5 kg CO2 (high treatment). Ponds were harvested immediately after ice-out to assess survival and condition. Resulting survival in low (mean = 32%) and high (mean = 5%) CO2-treated ponds was significantly lower than untreated control ponds (mean = 84%). Lethal efficacy varied across species with no Bighead Carp, Silver Carp, or Bigmouth Buffalo surviving the high CO2 treatment. External infections were observed more frequently after CO2 treatments (means = 49–67%) relative to untreated ponds (mean = 2%), suggesting a secondary mechanism for poor survival. This study demonstrates that CO2 can be used as a lethal control for invasive fishes, but effectiveness may vary by species and CO2concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-017-1462-9","usgsCitation":"Cupp, A.R., Woiak, Z., Erickson, R.A., Amberg, J., and Gaikowski, M., 2017, Carbon dioxide as an under-ice lethal control for invasive fishes: Biological Invasions, v. 19, no. 9, p. 2543-2552, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1462-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2543","endPage":"2552","ipdsId":"IP-077419","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb3e4b0b7ff9fb4895b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woiak, Zebadiah","contributorId":192253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woiak","given":"Zebadiah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":149357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187795,"text":"70187795 - 2017 - Bacteria versus selenium: A view from the inside out","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T13:07:49","indexId":"70187795","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bacteria versus selenium: A view from the inside out","docAbstract":"Bacteria and selenium (Se) are closely interlinked as the element serves both essential nutrient requirements and energy generation functions. However, Se can also behave as a powerful toxicant for bacterial homeostasis. Conversely, bacteria play a tremendous role in the cycling of Se between different environmental compartments, and bacterial metabolism has been shown to participate to all valence state transformations undergone by Se in nature. Bacteria possess an extensive molecular repertoire for Se metabolism. At the end of the 1980s, a novel mode of anaerobic respiration based on Se oxyanions was experimentally documented for the first time. Following this discovery, specific enzymes capable of reducing Se oxyanions and harvesting energy were found in a number of anaerobic bacteria. The genes involved in the expression of these enzymes have later been identified and cloned. This iterative approach undertaken outside-in led to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Se transformations in bacteria. Based on the extensive knowledge accumulated over the years, we now have a full(er) view from the inside out, from DNA-encoding genes to enzymes and thermodynamics. Bacterial transformations of Se for assimilatory purposes have been the object of numerous studies predating the investigation of Se respiration. Remarkable contributions related to the understating of the molecular picture underlying seleno-amino acid biosynthesis are reviewed herein. Under certain circumstances, Se is a toxicant for bacterial metabolism and bacteria have evolved strategies to counteract this toxicity, most notably by the formation of elemental Se (nano)particles. Several biotechnological applications, such as the production of functional materials and the biofortification of crop species using Se-utilizing bacteria, are presented in this chapter.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Selenium in plants","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","publisherLocation":"Cham, Switzerland","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-56249-0_6","isbn":"978-3-319-56249-0","usgsCitation":"Staicu, L., Oremland, R.S., Tobe, R., and Mihara, H., 2017, Bacteria versus selenium: A view from the inside out, chap. of Selenium in plants, v. 11, p. 79-108, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56249-0_6.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-076593","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb6e4b0b7ff9fb48969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staicu, Lucian","contributorId":192150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staicu","given":"Lucian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tobe, Ryuta","contributorId":192151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobe","given":"Ryuta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mihara, Hisaaki","contributorId":192152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mihara","given":"Hisaaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187872,"text":"70187872 - 2017 - Estimating inbreeding rates in natural populations: Addressing the problem of incomplete pedigrees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:56:55","indexId":"70187872","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating inbreeding rates in natural populations: Addressing the problem of incomplete pedigrees","docAbstract":"Understanding and estimating inbreeding is essential for managing threatened and endangered wildlife populations. However, determination of inbreeding rates in natural populations is confounded by incomplete parentage information. We present an approach for quantifying inbreeding rates for populations with incomplete parentage information. The approach exploits knowledge of pedigree configurations that lead to inbreeding coefficients of F = 0.25 and F = 0.125, allowing for quantification of Pr(I|k): the probability of observing pedigree I given the fraction of known parents (k). We developed analytical expressions under simplifying assumptions that define properties and behavior of inbreeding rate estimators for varying values of k. We demonstrated that inbreeding is overestimated if Pr(I|k) is not taken into consideration and that bias is primarily influenced by k. By contrast, our new estimator, incorporating Pr(I|k), is unbiased over a wide range of values of kthat may be observed in empirical studies. Stochastic computer simulations that allowed complex inter- and intragenerational inbreeding produced similar results. We illustrate the effects that accounting for Pr(I|k) can have in empirical data by revisiting published analyses of Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) and Red deer (Cervus elaphus). Our results demonstrate that incomplete pedigrees are not barriers for quantifying inbreeding in wild populations. Application of our approach will permit a better understanding of the role that inbreeding plays in the dynamics of populations of threatened and endangered species and may help refine our understanding of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms in the wild.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esx032","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Haig, S.M., Ballou, J.D., and Steel, E.A., 2017, Estimating inbreeding rates in natural populations: Addressing the problem of incomplete pedigrees: Journal of Heredity, esc032: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esx032.","productDescription":"esc032: 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-080816","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esx032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QR4V85","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data and source code from "Estimating inbreeding rates in natural populations: addressing the problem of incomplete pedigrees""},{"id":341618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb5e4b0b7ff9fb48965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballou, Jonathan D.","contributorId":192226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballou","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steel, E. Ashley","contributorId":192227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ashley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187875,"text":"70187875 - 2017 - Variation in species-level plant functional traits over wetland indicator status categories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:56:48","indexId":"70187875","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in species-level plant functional traits over wetland indicator status categories","docAbstract":"Wetland indicator status (WIS) describes the habitat affinity of plant species and is used in wetland delineations and resource inventories. Understanding how species-level functional traits vary across WIS categories may improve designations, elucidate mechanisms of adaptation, and explain habitat optima and niche. We investigated differences in species-level traits of riparian flora across WIS categories, extending their application to indicate hydrologic habitat. We measured or compiled data on specific leaf area (SLA), stem specific gravity (SSG), seed mass, and mature height of 110 plant species that occur along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Additionally, we measured leaf δ13C, δ15N, % carbon, % nitrogen, and C/N ratio of 56 species with C3 photosynthesis. We asked the following: (i) How do species-level traits vary over WIS categories? (ii) Does the pattern differ between herbaceous and woody species? (iii) How well do multivariate traits define WIS categories? (iv) Which traits are correlated? The largest trait differences among WIS categories for herbaceous species occurred for SSG, seed mass, % leaf carbon and height, and for woody species occurred for height, SSG, and δ13C. SSG increased and height decreased with habitat aridity for both woody and herbaceous species. The δ13C and hence water use efficiency of woody species increased with habitat aridity. Water use efficiency of herbaceous species increased with habitat aridity via greater occurrence of C4 grasses. Multivariate trait assemblages differed among WIS categories. Over all species, SLA was correlated with height, δ13C, % leaf N, and C/N; height was correlated with SSG and % leaf C; SSG was correlated with % leaf C. Adaptations of both herbaceous and woody riparian species to wet, frequently inundated habitats include low-density stem tissue. Adaptations to drier habitats in the riparian zone include short, high-density cavitation-resistant stem tissue, and high water use efficiency. The results enhance understanding about using traits to describe plant habitat in riparian systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2975","usgsCitation":"McCoy-Sulentic, M.E., Kolb, T.E., Merritt, D.M., Palmquist, E.C., Ralston, B.E., and Sarr, D.A., 2017, Variation in species-level plant functional traits over wetland indicator status categories: Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 11, p. 3732-3744, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2975.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3732","endPage":"3744","ipdsId":"IP-083993","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2975","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BV7DTQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Plant functional traits, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, 2012-2014Data"},{"id":341617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon, Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.4503173828125,\n 35.73090666520053\n ],\n [\n -111.53045654296874,\n 35.73090666520053\n ],\n [\n -111.53045654296874,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -113.4503173828125,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -113.4503173828125,\n 35.73090666520053\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb5e4b0b7ff9fb48963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy-Sulentic, Miles E.","contributorId":192228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCoy-Sulentic","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolb, Thomas E.","contributorId":189073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolb","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merritt, David M.","contributorId":192229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merritt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24595,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmquist, Emily C. 0000-0003-1069-2154 epalmquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-2154","contributorId":5669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Emily","email":"epalmquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ralston, Barbara E. 0000-0001-9991-8994 bralston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-8994","contributorId":606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"Barbara","email":"bralston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sarr, Daniel A. dsarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":191593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarr","given":"Daniel","email":"dsarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187891,"text":"70187891 - 2017 - A population on the rise: The origin of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-11T12:51:34","indexId":"70187891","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A population on the rise: The origin of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Deepwater sculpin, Myoxocephalus thompsonii, were thought to have been extirpated from Lake Ontario. However, in recent years, abundance has increased and recruitment has been documented. There are two hypotheses concerning the origin of the current Lake Ontario deepwater sculpin population. First, individuals from the upper Great Lakes may have recolonized Lake Ontario. Alternatively, the Lake Ontario population may have not been extirpated, and the remnant population has recovered naturally. To test these hypotheses, eight microsatellite loci were used to analyze samples from the current Lake Ontario population, museum specimens from the historic Lake Ontario population, and current upper Great Lakes populations. The genetic data suggest that historically throughout the Great Lakes, deepwater sculpin exhibited low levels of spatial genetic structure. Approximate Bayesian Computation analyses support the hypothesis that the current Lake Ontario population is more closely related to populations in the upper Great Lakes than to the historic Lake Ontario samples, indicating that the current Lake Ontario population likely resulted from recolonization from the Upper Great Lakes. The current Lake Ontario population has reduced allelic diversity relative to upper Great Lakes populations, indicating a possible founder effect. This study demonstrates the role life history variation can play in recolonization success. The pelagic larval phase of the deepwater sculpin allowed recolonization of Lake Ontario via passive larval drift.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2017.04.009","usgsCitation":"Welsh, A.B., Scribner, K.T., Stott, W., and Walsh, M., 2017, A population on the rise: The origin of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 43, no. 5, p. 863-870, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.04.009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"870","ipdsId":"IP-079229","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.04.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.7672119140625,\n 44.41220239438348\n ],\n [\n -75.71502685546875,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -75.73699951171875,\n 44.476910857223224\n ],\n [\n -75.73150634765625,\n 44.52588470040996\n ],\n [\n -75.83587646484375,\n 44.51805165000559\n ],\n [\n -75.8880615234375,\n 44.459270203098846\n ],\n [\n -76.0308837890625,\n 44.41024041296011\n ],\n [\n -76.17919921875,\n 44.36313311380771\n ],\n [\n -76.35223388671875,\n 44.29436701558004\n ],\n [\n -76.519775390625,\n 44.25700308645885\n ],\n [\n -76.6241455078125,\n 44.24716652494939\n ],\n [\n -76.72027587890625,\n 44.21174128124646\n ],\n [\n -76.79718017578125,\n 44.18417357325393\n ],\n [\n -76.85211181640624,\n 44.18417357325393\n ],\n [\n -76.893310546875,\n 44.20780382691624\n ],\n [\n -76.97845458984375,\n 44.219615400229195\n ],\n [\n -77.0196533203125,\n 44.21567847235113\n ],\n [\n -77.0855712890625,\n 44.19598988458207\n ],\n [\n -77.15423583984375,\n 44.19402066387343\n ],\n [\n -77.26959228515625,\n 44.19402066387343\n ],\n [\n -77.47558593749999,\n 44.15462243076731\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 44.13097085672744\n ],\n [\n -77.60467529296875,\n 44.10139306449849\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 44.06588017158586\n ],\n [\n -77.7996826171875,\n 44.03232064275081\n ],\n [\n -77.85186767578125,\n 44.008620115415354\n ],\n [\n -77.947998046875,\n 43.99676629896825\n ],\n [\n -78.03863525390625,\n 43.99676629896825\n ],\n [\n -78.1402587890625,\n 43.97898113341921\n ],\n [\n -78.25561523437499,\n 43.971074904863265\n ],\n [\n -78.409423828125,\n 43.9473499035071\n ],\n [\n -78.4698486328125,\n 43.91570183215612\n ],\n [\n -78.563232421875,\n 43.91570183215612\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 43.91174463910793\n ],\n [\n -78.70880126953125,\n 43.89393401411192\n ],\n [\n -78.78570556640624,\n 43.88997537383687\n ],\n [\n -78.87359619140625,\n 43.880077621969036\n ],\n [\n -78.93951416015625,\n 43.86027718467949\n ],\n [\n -79.02740478515624,\n 43.84245116699039\n ],\n [\n -79.0960693359375,\n 43.846412964702395\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -79.24163818359375,\n 43.73736766145917\n ],\n [\n -79.29931640625,\n 43.683763524273346\n ],\n [\n -79.38995361328125,\n 43.66389797397276\n ],\n [\n -79.4586181640625,\n 43.66985832954972\n ],\n [\n -79.49432373046875,\n 43.63806292753483\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 43.598295002627175\n ],\n [\n -79.6014404296875,\n 43.550538775567375\n ],\n [\n -79.62615966796875,\n 43.5107129908437\n ],\n [\n -79.68109130859375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -79.7662353515625,\n 43.37910133500264\n ],\n [\n -79.8211669921875,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -79.9639892578125,\n 43.28720268480437\n ],\n [\n -79.96124267578125,\n 43.2432020009995\n ],\n [\n -79.8101806640625,\n 43.241201214257885\n ],\n [\n -79.68109130859375,\n 43.207177786666655\n ],\n [\n -79.530029296875,\n 43.17914423586488\n ],\n [\n -79.33502197265625,\n 43.16111586765961\n ],\n [\n -79.18670654296875,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -79.07409667968749,\n 43.241201214257885\n ],\n [\n -78.9312744140625,\n 43.279204926082784\n ],\n [\n -78.78570556640624,\n 43.313188139196406\n ],\n [\n -78.607177734375,\n 43.34715236003303\n ],\n [\n -78.43414306640625,\n 43.35913519735781\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 43.35114690203121\n ],\n [\n -78.08807373046875,\n 43.35514118114017\n ],\n [\n -77.92053222656249,\n 43.337164854911094\n ],\n [\n -77.75848388671875,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -77.65960693359375,\n 43.26720631662829\n ],\n [\n -77.57171630859375,\n 43.22519255488632\n ],\n [\n -77.5360107421875,\n 43.167125915000284\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -77.49481201171875,\n 43.17313537107136\n ],\n [\n -77.49481201171875,\n 43.22519255488632\n ],\n [\n -77.45086669921875,\n 43.241201214257885\n ],\n [\n -77.34100341796875,\n 43.25520534158046\n ],\n [\n -77.2174072265625,\n 43.25920592943639\n ],\n [\n -77.1075439453125,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -77.01690673828125,\n 43.249203966977845\n ],\n [\n -76.93450927734375,\n 43.213183300738876\n ],\n [\n -76.90155029296875,\n 43.2151850073567\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 43.25920592943639\n ],\n [\n -76.83563232421875,\n 43.279204926082784\n ],\n [\n -76.70379638671874,\n 43.303195047973034\n ],\n [\n -76.651611328125,\n 43.361132106881726\n ],\n [\n -76.56646728515625,\n 43.41103348412606\n ],\n [\n -76.46759033203125,\n 43.45690646829029\n ],\n [\n -76.37969970703125,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -76.31927490234375,\n 43.4947753137023\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 43.488797600050006\n ],\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -76.17370605468749,\n 43.600284023536325\n ],\n [\n -76.14898681640625,\n 43.65197548731187\n ],\n [\n -76.16546630859375,\n 43.681777265168094\n ],\n [\n -76.1846923828125,\n 43.733398628766096\n ],\n [\n -76.20941162109375,\n 43.83650797709095\n ],\n [\n -76.146240234375,\n 43.854335770789575\n ],\n [\n -76.07757568359375,\n 43.899871481157156\n ],\n [\n -76.0418701171875,\n 43.957236472025635\n ],\n [\n -76.0089111328125,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -76.014404296875,\n 44.02639639912232\n ],\n [\n -76.11602783203125,\n 44.06588017158586\n ],\n [\n -76.15447998046875,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -76.28082275390625,\n 44.07574700247845\n ],\n [\n -76.300048828125,\n 44.11716972942086\n ],\n [\n -76.22314453125,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -76.04461669921875,\n 44.23929609118664\n ],\n [\n -75.882568359375,\n 44.33367180085156\n ],\n [\n -75.7672119140625,\n 44.41220239438348\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb5e4b0b7ff9fb48961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Amy B.","contributorId":192239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welsh","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stott, Wendylee wstott@usgs.gov","contributorId":3763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Wendylee","email":"wstott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Maureen 0000-0001-7846-5025 mwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-5025","contributorId":3659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"mwalsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187892,"text":"70187892 - 2017 - Climate change as a long-term stressor for the fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T12:58:13","indexId":"70187892","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change as a long-term stressor for the fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America","docAbstract":"The Laurentian Great Lakes of North America provide valuable ecosystem services, including fisheries, to the surrounding population. Given the prevalence of other anthropogenic stressors that have historically affected the fisheries of the Great Lakes (e.g., eutrophication, invasive species, overfishing), climate change is often viewed as a long-term stressor and, subsequently, may not always be prioritized by managers and researchers. However, climate change has the potential to negatively affect fish and fisheries in the Great Lakes through its influence on habitat. In this paper, we (1) summarize projected changes in climate and fish habitat in the Great Lakes; (2) summarize fish responses to climate change in the Great Lakes; (3) describe key interactions between climate change and other stressors relevant to Great Lakes fish, and (4) summarize how climate change can be incorporated into fisheries management. In general, fish habitat is projected to be characterized by warmer temperatures throughout the water column, less ice cover, longer periods of stratification, and more frequent and widespread periods of bottom hypoxia in productive areas of the Great Lakes. Based solely on thermal habitat, fish populations theoretically could experience prolonged optimal growth environment within a changing climate, however, models that assess physical habitat influences at specific life stages convey a more complex picture. Looking at specific interactions with other stressors, climate change may exacerbate the negative impacts of both eutrophication and invasive species for fish habitat in the Great Lakes. Although expanding monitoring and research to consider climate change interactions with currently studied stressors, may offer managers the best opportunity to keep the valuable Great Lakes fisheries sustainable, this expansion is globally applicable for large lake ecosystem dealing with multiple stressors in the face of continued human-driven changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11160-017-9480-3","usgsCitation":"Collingsworth, P.D., Bunnell, D., Murray, M.W., Kao, Y., Feiner, Z.S., Claramunt, R.M., Lofgren, B.M., Hook, T.O., and Ludsin, S.A., 2017, Climate change as a long-term stressor for the fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 27, no. 2, p. 363-391, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-017-9480-3.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"391","ipdsId":"IP-079002","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 46.7774927637683\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -91.86767578124999,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -91.285400390625,\n 46.84516443029279\n ],\n [\n -90.76904296874999,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 46.56641407568593\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 46.56641407568593\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 46.852678248531106\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -88.516845703125,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 47.502358951968596\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 47.42065432071321\n ],\n [\n -88.033447265625,\n 47.31648293428332\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 46.99524110694596\n ],\n [\n -88.53881835937499,\n 46.7549166192819\n ],\n [\n -88.209228515625,\n 46.927758623434435\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 46.84516443029279\n ],\n [\n -87.33032226562499,\n 46.50595444552051\n ],\n [\n -86.68212890625,\n 46.430285240839964\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 46.67205646734499\n ],\n [\n -84.957275390625,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -85.02319335937499,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -84.9737548828125,\n 46.44164232762498\n ],\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 46.45299704748289\n ],\n [\n -84.24316406249999,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -83.91357421875,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -84.67987060546874,\n 46.06560846138691\n ],\n [\n -84.74578857421875,\n 45.977877918928264\n ],\n [\n -84.70458984375,\n 45.836454050187726\n ],\n [\n -85.001220703125,\n 46.01985337287634\n ],\n [\n -85.27587890625,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -85.53955078125,\n 46.097995389276704\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -86.5228271484375,\n 45.75985868785574\n ],\n [\n -86.649169921875,\n 45.56021795715051\n ],\n [\n -86.572265625,\n 45.897654534346884\n ],\n [\n -86.94580078125,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -87.022705078125,\n 45.91294412737392\n ],\n [\n -87.593994140625,\n 45.158800738352134\n ],\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -87.857666015625,\n 44.95702412512118\n ],\n [\n -88.011474609375,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -87.791748046875,\n 44.55916341529182\n ],\n [\n -87.462158203125,\n 44.84808025602074\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 45.44471679159555\n ],\n [\n -87.462158203125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -87.747802734375,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -87.879638671875,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -87.879638671875,\n 43.12504316740127\n ],\n [\n -87.769775390625,\n 42.755079545072135\n ],\n [\n -87.747802734375,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -87.835693359375,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -87.506103515625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -87.25341796875,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -86.209716796875,\n 43.01268088642034\n ],\n [\n -86.55029296875,\n 43.620170616189924\n ],\n [\n -86.407470703125,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -86.47338867187499,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -86.12182617187499,\n 44.72332018895825\n ],\n [\n -85.594482421875,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -85.52032470703125,\n 44.73697895420882\n ],\n [\n -85.41046142578125,\n 44.80132682904856\n ],\n [\n -85.30334472656249,\n 44.99782485158904\n ],\n [\n -85.341796875,\n 45.282617057517406\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 45.39652136952787\n ],\n [\n -85.10009765625,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -84.759521484375,\n 45.744526980468436\n ],\n [\n -84.17724609375,\n 45.598665689820656\n ],\n [\n -83.529052734375,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -83.309326171875,\n 44.91035917458495\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -83.616943359375,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -83.91357421875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -83.86962890625,\n 43.683763524273346\n ],\n [\n -83.638916015625,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 44.04811573082351\n ],\n [\n -82.68310546875,\n 43.96909818325174\n ],\n [\n -82.430419921875,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -82.33154296875,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -81.683349609375,\n 43.36512572875844\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -80.716552734375,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 44.49258696288604\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -79.65087890624999,\n 44.77013681219717\n ],\n [\n -80.1837158203125,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -80.7550048828125,\n 45.98551218814564\n ],\n [\n -81.243896484375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 46.17222297845542\n ],\n [\n -82.97973632812499,\n 46.18743678432541\n ],\n [\n -83.507080078125,\n 46.27863122156088\n ],\n [\n -84.42993164062499,\n 46.626806395355175\n ],\n [\n -84.342041015625,\n 46.882723010671945\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 46.97275640318636\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 47.29413372501023\n ],\n [\n -85.02319335937499,\n 47.56170075451973\n ],\n [\n -84.803466796875,\n 47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n -85.58349609375,\n 47.90161354142077\n ],\n [\n -85.93505859374999,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -86.429443359375,\n 48.73445537176822\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 48.821332549646634\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 49.041468914058086\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -88.6981201171875,\n 48.68370757165364\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 48.46563710044979\n ],\n [\n -89.2529296875,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -89.67041015625,\n 47.938426929481054\n ],\n [\n -90.692138671875,\n 47.613569753973955\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 46.7774927637683\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 42.706659563510385\n ],\n [\n -82.81494140625,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -83.023681640625,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 42.3016903282445\n ],\n [\n -82.37548828125,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 42.706659563510385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 42.10637370579324\n ],\n [\n -83.51806640624999,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 41.4509614012039\n ],\n [\n -82.474365234375,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -81.925048828125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -81.705322265625,\n 41.50034959128928\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 41.72213058512578\n ],\n [\n -80.321044921875,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -79.46411132812499,\n 42.35042512243457\n ],\n [\n -78.936767578125,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -78.848876953125,\n 42.85180609584705\n ],\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n 42.87596410238254\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 42.5611728553181\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -81.375732421875,\n 42.65820178455667\n ],\n [\n -81.705322265625,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 42.220381783720605\n ],\n [\n -82.46337890625,\n 42.10637370579324\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -82.957763671875,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 42.10637370579324\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.859619140625,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -79.34326171875,\n 43.15710884095329\n ],\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -77.882080078125,\n 43.36512572875844\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -76.97021484375,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -76.651611328125,\n 43.34914966389313\n ],\n [\n -76.453857421875,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 43.54854811091288\n ],\n [\n -76.234130859375,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -76.025390625,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 44.23732831822538\n ],\n [\n -77.2119140625,\n 44.174324837518895\n ],\n [\n -77.728271484375,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -78.541259765625,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -79.420166015625,\n 43.65197548731187\n ],\n [\n -79.859619140625,\n 43.27720532212024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb4e4b0b7ff9fb4895f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collingsworth, Paris D.","contributorId":145526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collingsworth","given":"Paris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747 dbunnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":169859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Michael W.","contributorId":192241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kao, Yu-Chun 0000-0001-5552-909X ykao@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-909X","contributorId":192240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kao","given":"Yu-Chun","email":"ykao@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feiner, Zachary S.","contributorId":150494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feiner","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":190497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lofgren, Brent M.","contributorId":139534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lofgren","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12789,"text":"NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hook, Tomas O.","contributorId":108404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ludsin, Stuart A. 0000-0002-3866-2216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3866-2216","contributorId":175425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ludsin","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70187913,"text":"70187913 - 2017 - Bayesian methods to estimate urban growth potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T13:42:46","indexId":"70187913","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian methods to estimate urban growth potential","docAbstract":"Urban growth often influences the production of ecosystem services. The impacts of urbanization on landscapes can subsequently affect landowners’ perceptions, values and decisions regarding their land. Within land-use and land-change research, very few models of dynamic landscape-scale processes like urbanization incorporate empirically-grounded landowner decision-making processes. Very little attention has focused on the heterogeneous decision-making processes that aggregate to influence broader-scale patterns of urbanization. We examine the land-use tradeoffs faced by individual landowners in one of the United States’ most rapidly urbanizing regions − the urban area surrounding Charlotte, North Carolina. We focus on the land-use decisions of non-industrial private forest owners located across the region’s development gradient. A discrete choice experiment is used to determine the critical factors influencing individual forest owners’ intent to sell their undeveloped properties across a series of experimentally varied scenarios of urban growth. Data are analyzed using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. The estimates derived from the survey data are used to modify a spatially-explicit trend-based urban development potential model, derived from remotely-sensed imagery and observed changes in the region’s socioeconomic and infrastructural characteristics between 2000 and 2011. This modeling approach combines the theoretical underpinnings of behavioral economics with spatiotemporal data describing a region’s historical development patterns. By integrating empirical social preference data into spatially-explicit urban growth models, we begin to more realistically capture processes as well as patterns that drive the location, magnitude and rates of urban growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.03.004","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.W., Smart, L.S., Dorning, M., Dupey, L.N., Meley, A., and Meentemeyer, R.K., 2017, Bayesian methods to estimate urban growth potential: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 163, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.03.004.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-076460","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.03.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"163","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb4e4b0b7ff9fb4895d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jordan W.","contributorId":177326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smart, Lindsey S.","contributorId":192250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smart","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorning, Monica 0000-0002-7576-1256 mdorning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-1256","contributorId":191772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorning","given":"Monica","email":"mdorning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dupey, Lauren Nicole","contributorId":192251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dupey","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicole","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meley, Andreanne","contributorId":192252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meley","given":"Andreanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meentemeyer, Ross K.","contributorId":179341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meentemeyer","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187865,"text":"70187865 - 2017 - Mechanisms of nitrogen deposition effects on temperate forest lichens and trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:58:41","indexId":"70187865","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms of nitrogen deposition effects on temperate forest lichens and trees","docAbstract":"We review the mechanisms of deleterious nitrogen (N) deposition impacts on temperate forests, with a particular focus on trees and lichens. Elevated anthropogenic N deposition to forests has varied effects on individual organisms depending on characteristics both of the N inputs (form, timing, amount) and of the organisms (ecology, physiology) involved. Improved mechanistic knowledge of these effects can aid in developing robust predictions of how organisms respond to either increases or decreases in N deposition. Rising N levels affect forests in micro- and macroscopic ways from physiological responses at the cellular, tissue, and organism levels to influencing individual species and entire communities and ecosystems. A synthesis of these processes forms the basis for the overarching themes of this paper, which focuses on N effects at different levels of biological organization in temperate forests. For lichens, the mechanisms of direct effects of N are relatively well known at cellular, organismal, and community levels, though interactions of N with other stressors merit further research. For trees, effects of N deposition are better understood for N as an acidifying agent than as a nutrient; in both cases, the impacts can reflect direct effects on short time scales and indirect effects mediated through long-term soil and belowground changes. There are many gaps on fundamental N use and cycling in ecosystems, and we highlight the most critical gaps for understanding potential deleterious effects of N deposition. For lichens, these gaps include both how N affects specific metabolic pathways and how N is metabolized. For trees, these gaps include understanding the direct effects of N deposition onto forest canopies, the sensitivity of different tree species and mycorrhizal symbionts to N, the influence of soil properties, and the reversibility of N and acidification effects on plants and soils. Continued study of how these N response mechanisms interact with one another, and with other dimensions of global change, remains essential for predicting ongoing changes in lichen and tree populations across North American temperate forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1717","usgsCitation":"Carter, T.S., Clark, C., Fenn, M.E., Jovan, S.E., Perakis, S.S., Riddell, J., Schaberg, P.G., Greaver, T., and Hastings, M., 2017, Mechanisms of nitrogen deposition effects on temperate forest lichens and trees: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 3, e01717: 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1717.","productDescription":"e01717: 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-079686","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1717","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb5e4b0b7ff9fb48967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Therese S.","contributorId":192237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Therese","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Christopher L.","contributorId":168382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[{"id":25276,"text":"US EPA, National Center for Envirenmental Assessment, DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenn, Mark E.","contributorId":192204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenn","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jovan, Sarah E.","contributorId":168384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jovan","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":25277,"text":"US Department of Agriculture Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314 sperakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":145528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven","email":"sperakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riddell, Jennifer","contributorId":192205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riddell","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schaberg, Paul G.","contributorId":192206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greaver, Tara","contributorId":192207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greaver","given":"Tara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hastings, Meredith","contributorId":192208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hastings","given":"Meredith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70187854,"text":"70187854 - 2017 - Geomorphological evidence for ground ice on dwarf planet Ceres","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T09:43:35","indexId":"70187854","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphological evidence for ground ice on dwarf planet Ceres","docAbstract":"Five decades of observations of Ceres suggest that the dwarf planet has a composition similar to carbonaceous meteorites and may have an ice-rich outer shell protected by a silicate layer. NASA’s Dawn spacecraft has detected ubiquitous clays, carbonates and other products of aqueous alteration across the surface of Ceres, but surprisingly it has directly observed water ice in only a few areas. Here we use Dawn Framing Camera observations to analyse lobate morphologies on Ceres’ surface and we infer the presence of ice in the upper few kilometres of Ceres. We identify three distinct lobate morphologies that we interpret as surface flows: thick tongue-shaped, furrowed flows on steep slopes; thin, spatulate flows on shallow slopes; and cuspate sheeted flows that appear fluidized. The shapes and aspect ratios of these flows are different from those of dry landslides—including those on ice-poor Vesta—but are morphologically similar to ice-rich flows on other bodies, indicating the involvement of ice. Based on the geomorphology and poleward increase in prevalence of these flows, we suggest that the shallow subsurface of Ceres is comprised of mixtures of silicates and ice, and that ice is most abundant near the poles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2936","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, B.E., Hughson, K.H., Chilton, H.T., Scully, J.E., Platz, T., Nathues, A., Sizemore, H., Bland, M.T., Byrne, S., Marchi, S., O'Brien, D., Schorghofer, N., Hiesinger, H., Jaumann, R., Hendrick Pasckert, J., Lawrence, J.D., Buzckowski, D., Castillo-Rogez, J., Sykes, M.V., Schenk, P., DeSanctis, M., Mitri, G., Formisano, M., Li, J., Reddy, V., Le Corre, L., Russell, C.T., and Raymond, C.A., 2017, Geomorphological evidence for ground ice on dwarf planet Ceres: Nature Geoscience, v. 10, p. 338-343, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2936.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"343","ipdsId":"IP-077292","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59254a6be4b0b7ff9fb361a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Britney E.","contributorId":167380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Britney","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughson, Kynan H.G.","contributorId":192186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughson","given":"Kynan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.G.","affiliations":[{"id":32998,"text":"Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chilton, Heather T.","contributorId":192187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chilton","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scully, Jennifer E. C.","contributorId":192188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scully","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Platz, Thomas","contributorId":192189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platz","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nathues, Andreas","contributorId":192190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nathues","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sizemore, Hanna","contributorId":192191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sizemore","given":"Hanna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bland, Michael T. 0000-0001-5543-1519 mbland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-1519","contributorId":146287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Michael","email":"mbland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marchi, Simone","contributorId":192193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marchi","given":"Simone","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"O'Brien, David","contributorId":192192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Brien","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schorghofer, Norbert","contributorId":192194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schorghofer","given":"Norbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hiesinger, Harald","contributorId":172686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiesinger","given":"Harald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27080,"text":"Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Jaumann, Ralf","contributorId":147249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hendrick Pasckert, Jan","contributorId":172685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrick Pasckert","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27080,"text":"Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Lawrence, Justin D.","contributorId":192198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Buzckowski, Debra","contributorId":192199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buzckowski","given":"Debra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Castillo-Rogez, Julie C.","contributorId":172691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castillo-Rogez","given":"Julie C.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Sykes, Mark V.","contributorId":192200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sykes","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Schenk, Paul M.","contributorId":66946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"DeSanctis, Maria-Cristina","contributorId":92552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSanctis","given":"Maria-Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Mitri, Giuseppe","contributorId":35052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitri","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Formisano, Michelangelo","contributorId":192201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Formisano","given":"Michelangelo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Li, Jian-Yang","contributorId":47275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Jian-Yang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Reddy, Vishnu","contributorId":16304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Vishnu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Le Corre, Lucille","contributorId":66578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le Corre","given":"Lucille","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Russell, Christopher T.","contributorId":69451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Raymond, Carol A.","contributorId":64980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}} ,{"id":70187170,"text":"ofr20171045 - 2017 - Oregon OCS seafloor mapping: Selected lease blocks relevant to renewable energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T12:33:29","indexId":"ofr20171045","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1045","title":"Oregon OCS seafloor mapping: Selected lease blocks relevant to renewable energy","docAbstract":"In 2014 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) entered into Intra-agency agreement M13PG00037 to map an area of the Oregon Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) off of Coos Bay, Oregon, under consideration for development of a floating wind energy farm. The BOEM requires seafloor mapping and site characterization studies in order to evaluate the impact of seafloor and sub-seafloor conditions on the installation, operation, and structural integrity of proposed renewable energy projects, as well as to assess the potential effects of construction and operations on archaeological resources. The mission of the USGS is to provide geologic, topographic, and hydrologic information that contributes to the wise management of the Nation's natural resources and that promotes the health, safety, and well being of the people. This information consists of maps, databases, and descriptions and analyses of the water, energy, and mineral resources, land surface, underlying geologic structure, and dynamic processes of the earth.
For the Oregon OCS study, the USGS acquired multibeam echo sounder and seafloor video data surrounding the proposed development site, which is 95 km2 in area and 15 miles offshore from Coos Bay. The development site had been surveyed by Solmar Hydro Inc. in 2013 under a contract with WindFloat Pacific. The USGS subsequently produced a bathymetry digital elevation model and a backscatter intensity grid that were merged with existing data collected by the contractor. The merged grids were published along with visual observations of benthic geo-habitat from the video data in an associated USGS data release (Cochrane and others, 2015).
This report includes the results of analysis of the video data conducted by Oregon State University and the geo-habitat interpretation of the multibeam echo sounder (MBES) data conducted by the USGS. MBES data was published in Cochrane and others (2015). Interpretive data associated with this publication is published in Cochrane (2017). All the data is provided as geographic information system (GIS) files that contain both Esri ArcGIS geotiffs or shapefiles. For those who do not own the full suite of Esri GIS and mapping software, the data can be read using Esri ArcReader, a free viewer that is available at http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/index.html (last accessed August 29, 2016). Web services, which consist of standard implementations of ArcGIS representational state transfer (REST) Service and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) GIS web map service (WMS), also are available for all published GIS data. Web services were created using an ArcGIS service definition file, resulting in data layers that are symbolized as shown on the associated report figures. Both the ArcGIS REST Service and OGC WMS Service include all the individual GIS layers. Data layers are bundled together in a map-area web service; however, each layer can be symbolized and accessed individually after the web service is ingested into a desktop application or web map. Web services enable users to download and view data, as well as to easily add data to their own workflows, using any browser-enabled, standalone or mobile device.
Though the surficial substrate is dominated by combinations of mud and sand substrate, a diverse assortment of geomorphologic features are related to geologic processes—one anticlinal ridge where bedrock is exposed, a slump and associated scarps, and pockmarks. Pockmarks are seen in the form of fields of small pockmarks, a lineation of large pockmarks with methanogenic carbonates, and areas of large pockmarks that have merged into larger variously shaped depressions. The slump appears to have originated at the pockmark lineation. Video-supervised numerical analysis of the MBES backscatter intensity data and vector ruggedness derived from the MBES bathymetry data was used to produce a substrate model called a seafloor character raster for the study area. The seafloor character raster consists of three substrate classes: soft-flat areas, hard-flat areas, and hard-rugged areas. A Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) geoform and substrate map was also produced using depth, slope, and benthic position index classes to delineate geoform boundaries. Seven geoforms were identified in this process, including ridges, slump scars, slump deposits, basins, and pockmarks.
Statistical analysis of the video data for correlations between substrate, depth, and invertebrate assemblages resulted in the identification of seven biomes: three hard-bottom biomes and four softbottom biomes. A similar analysis of vertebrate observations produces a similar set of biomes. The biome between-group dissimilarity was very high or high. Invertebrates alone represent most of the structure of the whole benthic community into different assemblages. A biotope map was generated using the seafloor character raster and the substrate and depth values of the biomes. Hard substrate biotopes were small in size and were located primarily on the ridge and in pockmarks along the pockmark lineation. The soft-bottom bitopes consisted of large contiguous areas delimited by isobaths.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Hemery, L.G., and Henkel, S.K., 2017, Oregon OCS seafloor mapping: Selected lease blocks relevant to renewable energy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017-1045 and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management OCS Study BOEM 2017-018, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171045.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-080496","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438336,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7000069","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Interpretive data release for Oregon OCS Seafloor Mapping: Selected Lease Blocks Relevant to Renewable Energy"},{"id":341588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1045/ofr20171045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1045"},{"id":341585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1045/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
In 2009, the Federal Highway Administration published Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 23 (HEC-23) to provide specific design and implementation guidelines for bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures. However, the effectiveness of countermeasures implemented over the past decade following those guidelines has not been evaluated. Therefore, in 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, began a study to assess the current condition of bridge-scour countermeasures at selected sites to evaluate their effectiveness. Bridge-scour countermeasures were assessed during 2014-2016. Site assessments included reviewing countermeasure design plans, summarizing the peak and daily streamflow history, and assessments at each site. Each site survey included a photo log summary, field form, and topographic and bathymetric geospatial data and metadata. This report documents the study area and site-selection criteria, explains the survey methods used to evaluate the condition of countermeasures, and presents the complete documentation for each countermeasure assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Dudunake, T.J., Huizinga , R.J., and Fosness, R.L., 2017, Bridge scour countermeasure assessments at select bridges in the United States, 2014–16 (ver. 1.1, October 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017-1048, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171048.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Table 3: HTML Document; 13 Additional Report Pieces: zip files; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-074991","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341477,"rank":17,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71R6NQ2","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial Data for Bridge Scour Countermeasure Assessments at Select Bridges in the United States, 2014–16"},{"id":341470,"rank":10,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-017_ClarkFork_Turah_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-017 Clark Fork River at Turah Rd.","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Clark Fork River at Turah Rd."},{"id":341471,"rank":11,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-019_Gallatin_I90_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-019 Gallatin River at I-90","size":"7.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Gallatin River at I-90"},{"id":341472,"rank":12,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-022_WestGallatin_DSI90_Manhattan_S205_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-022 Gallatin River at S-205","size":"5.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Gallatin River at S-205"},{"id":341473,"rank":13,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-023_Judith_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-023 Judith River at MT-81","size":"5.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Judith River at MT-81"},{"id":341469,"rank":9,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-009_FoxRiver_US-61_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-009 Fox River at US-61","size":"9.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Fox River at US-61"},{"id":341460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":341461,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/ofr20171048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048"},{"id":341462,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/ofr20171048_table03.html","text":"Table 3","size":"19 KB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Table 3"},{"id":341463,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-001_ApalachicolaRiver_I-10_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-001 Apalachicola River at I-10","size":"76.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Apalachicola River at I-10"},{"id":341465,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-003_MississippiRiver_US-54_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-003 Mississippi River at US-54","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Mississippi River at US-54"},{"id":341474,"rank":14,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-024_Musselshell_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-024 Musselshell River at S-300","size":"5.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Musselshell River at S-300"},{"id":341466,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-004_MississippiRiver_I-155_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-004 Mississippi River at I-155","size":"16.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Mississippi River at I-155"},{"id":341467,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-007_WabashRiver_I-64_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-007 Wabash River at I-64","size":"35.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Wabash River at I-64"},{"id":341476,"rank":16,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-026_TwoMedicine_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-026 Two Medicine River at US-89","size":"4.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Two Medicine River at US-89"},{"id":341468,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-008_ThompsonRiver_MO-6_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-008 Thompson River at MO-6","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Thompson River at MO-6"},{"id":346918,"rank":18,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/versionHist.txt"},{"id":341475,"rank":15,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1048/siteID-025_Tongue_site_information.zip","text":"SiteID-025 Tongue River at I-94","size":"5.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2017-1048 Tongue River at I-94"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Illinois, Missouri, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-82.821585,27.964443],[-82.836326,28.073193],[-82.826125,28.083793],[-82.813435,28.03716],[-82.821585,27.964443]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.562917,24.692912],[-81.535323,24.67954],[-81.490962,24.710105],[-81.459043,24.707355],[-81.451267,24.747464],[-81.432032,24.722908],[-81.421595,24.737641],[-81.431009,24.751761],[-81.392947,24.743371],[-81.36041,24.708788],[-81.319282,24.701238],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.395096,24.621062],[-81.414187,24.647167],[-81.470411,24.641985],[-81.49858,24.66498],[-81.511165,24.625135],[-81.602998,24.586444],[-81.685278,24.558739],[-81.810333,24.544701],[-81.814446,24.56358],[-81.794057,24.586],[-81.687017,24.592534],[-81.614529,24.650584],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-82.15068,24.576331],[-82.125268,24.597426],[-82.099417,24.572522],[-82.116787,24.549144],[-82.159439,24.548212],[-82.15068,24.576331]]],[[[-80.909954,24.781154],[-80.912042,24.76505],[-80.938543,24.767535],[-81.015933,24.719881],[-81.064554,24.715453],[-81.078716,24.696557],[-81.108041,24.688592],[-81.124094,24.704873],[-80.909954,24.781154]]],[[[-81.317673,24.75729],[-81.288259,24.720881],[-81.302984,24.714199],[-81.357417,24.756834],[-81.324637,24.76721],[-81.317673,24.75729]]],[[[-80.788263,24.824218],[-80.846191,24.802968],[-80.79278,24.843918],[-80.780564,24.84052],[-80.788263,24.824218]]],[[[-80.729275,24.865361],[-80.691762,24.885759],[-80.766966,24.836158],[-80.729275,24.865361]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-84.776954,29.692191],[-84.957779,29.612635],[-85.051033,29.586928],[-85.09519,29.62249],[-85.023501,29.597073],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-85.156415,29.679628],[-85.114268,29.688658],[-85.077237,29.670862],[-85.097218,29.633004],[-85.124913,29.628433],[-85.222546,29.678039],[-85.156415,29.679628]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.246535,26.706435],[-82.166042,26.489679],[-82.088423,26.455182],[-82.062551,26.470131],[-82.015607,26.454858],[-82.082915,26.422059],[-82.177017,26.471558],[-82.205523,26.566536],[-82.268007,26.682791],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.377084,25.130487],[-80.47387,25.060253],[-80.565831,24.958155],[-80.659395,24.897433],[-80.621658,24.944265],[-80.558785,24.971505],[-80.545971,25.01477],[-80.509136,25.028317],[-80.460652,25.078904],[-80.494715,25.102269],[-80.47748,25.107407],[-80.450399,25.088751],[-80.433575,25.106317],[-80.447659,25.147729],[-80.41326,25.137053],[-80.395467,25.150694],[-80.391909,25.19221],[-80.3498,25.210595],[-80.337345,25.231353],[-80.336159,25.261601],[-80.368186,25.282359],[-80.328746,25.28651],[-80.292567,25.314385],[-80.246307,25.398603],[-80.21428,25.416988],[-80.179288,25.518999],[-80.173951,25.482821],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-83.309455,30.634417],[-82.214839,30.568591],[-82.23582,30.537187],[-82.201416,30.485164],[-82.210291,30.42459],[-82.19294,30.378779],[-82.165192,30.358035],[-82.068533,30.359184],[-82.036825,30.377884],[-82.037209,30.434518],[-82.005477,30.563495],[-82.049507,30.655548],[-82.039634,30.747727],[-82.01266,30.761289],[-82.017051,30.791657],[-81.973856,30.778487],[-81.949787,30.827493],[-81.89572,30.821098],[-81.868608,30.792754],[-81.792769,30.784432],[-81.719927,30.744634],[-81.662173,30.746521],[-81.646137,30.727591],[-81.540923,30.713343],[-81.489537,30.7261],[-81.42742,30.69802],[-81.443099,30.600938],[-81.434064,30.522569],[-81.447087,30.503679],[-81.410809,30.482039],[-81.385505,30.273841],[-81.240924,29.739218],[-80.966176,29.14796],[-80.709725,28.756692],[-80.574868,28.585166],[-80.525094,28.459454],[-80.587813,28.410856],[-80.606874,28.336484],[-80.604214,28.257733],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.383695,27.740045],[-80.253665,27.37979],[-80.093909,27.018587],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.038863,26.569347],[-80.108995,26.088372],[-80.127987,25.772245],[-80.154972,25.66549],[-80.176916,25.685062],[-80.166241,25.72895],[-80.197674,25.74437],[-80.240376,25.724206],[-80.267065,25.651849],[-80.296719,25.622195],[-80.302057,25.567632],[-80.339421,25.499427],[-80.31036,25.3731],[-80.374116,25.31735],[-80.418872,25.235532],[-80.495341,25.199463],[-80.569124,25.190117],[-80.669236,25.137837],[-80.777499,25.135047],[-80.858167,25.176576],[-80.899459,25.162337],[-80.900559,25.139755],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.141024,25.163868],[-81.171978,25.223648],[-81.151916,25.324766],[-81.117265,25.354953],[-81.128492,25.380511],[-81.150508,25.387255],[-81.168652,25.463848],[-81.208201,25.504937],[-81.203175,25.53416],[-81.253951,25.638181],[-81.290328,25.687506],[-81.346078,25.721473],[-81.343984,25.747668],[-81.361875,25.772715],[-81.340406,25.786631],[-81.352731,25.822015],[-81.417536,25.864954],[-81.458487,25.868929],[-81.473992,25.888411],[-81.508979,25.884037],[-81.527665,25.901531],[-81.654493,25.893579],[-81.678287,25.845301],[-81.68954,25.85271],[-81.727086,25.907207],[-81.749724,25.960463],[-81.747834,25.994273],[-81.801663,26.088227],[-81.833142,26.294518],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-81.969509,26.476505],[-82.008961,26.484052],[-82.00908,26.505203],[-82.024604,26.512677],[-82.06715,26.513252],[-82.07175,26.492554],[-82.105672,26.48393],[-82.137869,26.637441],[-82.181565,26.681712],[-82.173516,26.701836],[-82.139019,26.702986],[-82.093023,26.665614],[-82.055076,26.802452],[-82.059101,26.876621],[-82.090723,26.888694],[-82.093023,26.906518],[-82.090148,26.923191],[-82.061976,26.931241],[-82.063126,26.950214],[-82.107972,26.957688],[-82.137294,26.926066],[-82.175241,26.916867],[-82.147068,26.789803],[-82.17869,26.772555],[-82.232193,26.78288],[-82.259867,26.717398],[-82.289086,26.827784],[-82.445718,27.060634],[-82.539719,27.254326],[-82.691821,27.437218],[-82.745748,27.538834],[-82.708121,27.523514],[-82.710621,27.501715],[-82.690421,27.496415],[-82.674621,27.519614],[-82.65072,27.523115],[-82.613003,27.582837],[-82.570607,27.608882],[-82.514265,27.705588],[-82.477638,27.723004],[-82.482305,27.742649],[-82.434635,27.764355],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.413915,27.901401],[-82.478063,27.92768],[-82.489817,27.9196],[-82.488057,27.863566],[-82.47244,27.822559],[-82.553946,27.848462],[-82.529918,27.877501],[-82.542818,27.890601],[-82.533718,27.932999],[-82.553918,27.966998],[-82.62959,27.998474],[-82.678606,27.993715],[-82.684793,27.971824],[-82.724122,27.948098],[-82.720122,27.936399],[-82.685121,27.916299],[-82.628063,27.910397],[-82.63212,27.8911],[-82.61002,27.873501],[-82.567919,27.883701],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.598443,27.857582],[-82.586519,27.816703],[-82.622723,27.779868],[-82.63362,27.710607],[-82.718822,27.692007],[-82.721622,27.663908],[-82.698091,27.638858],[-82.733076,27.612972],[-82.746223,27.731306],[-82.846526,27.854301],[-82.840882,27.937162],[-82.824875,27.960201],[-82.838484,27.909111],[-82.805462,27.960201],[-82.782724,28.055894],[-82.781324,28.127591],[-82.790724,28.15249],[-82.808474,28.154803],[-82.805097,28.172181],[-82.762643,28.219013],[-82.764103,28.244345],[-82.706112,28.368057],[-82.706322,28.401325],[-82.674787,28.441956],[-82.654138,28.590837],[-82.674665,28.647588],[-82.668889,28.694302],[-82.712373,28.720921],[-82.698281,28.75701],[-82.730245,28.850155],[-82.688864,28.905609],[-82.737872,28.995703],[-82.764055,28.999707],[-82.759704,29.054192],[-82.780558,29.07358],[-82.816925,29.076215],[-82.823659,29.098902],[-82.799117,29.110647],[-82.804736,29.146624],[-82.987162,29.180094],[-83.019071,29.141324],[-83.053207,29.130839],[-83.087839,29.21642],[-83.077265,29.255331],[-83.166091,29.28888],[-83.175518,29.34469],[-83.218075,29.420492],[-83.294747,29.437923],[-83.311546,29.475666],[-83.400252,29.517242],[-83.412278,29.666922],[-83.537645,29.72306],[-83.584716,29.77608],[-83.595493,29.827984],[-83.679219,29.918513],[-83.93151,30.039068],[-84.000716,30.096209],[-84.06299,30.101378],[-84.167881,30.071422],[-84.19853,30.087937],[-84.237014,30.08556],[-84.256439,30.103791],[-84.277168,30.060263],[-84.315344,30.069492],[-84.358923,30.058224],[-84.361962,29.987739],[-84.343041,29.9751],[-84.333746,29.923721],[-84.349066,29.896812],[-84.423834,29.902996],[-84.451705,29.929085],[-84.511996,29.916574],[-84.888031,29.722406],[-84.901781,29.735723],[-84.877111,29.772888],[-84.90413,29.786279],[-84.993264,29.714961],[-85.121473,29.715854],[-85.259719,29.681296],[-85.319215,29.681494],[-85.343619,29.672004],[-85.344768,29.654793],[-85.397871,29.740498],[-85.413575,29.85294],[-85.392469,29.870914],[-85.405907,29.80193],[-85.37796,29.709621],[-85.353885,29.684765],[-85.31139,29.697557],[-85.302591,29.808094],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-85.509148,29.971466],[-85.588242,30.055543],[-85.69681,30.09689],[-85.9226,30.238024],[-86.222561,30.343585],[-86.412076,30.380346],[-86.750906,30.391881],[-87.206254,30.320943],[-87.295422,30.323503],[-87.518324,30.280435],[-87.452378,30.300201],[-87.450078,30.3111],[-87.50278,30.307301],[-87.502572,30.327405],[-87.459978,30.3363],[-87.431778,30.403198],[-87.366591,30.436648],[-87.425078,30.465596],[-87.447305,30.512629],[-87.397308,30.608728],[-87.396177,30.650454],[-87.406561,30.674019],[-87.532607,30.743489],[-87.545044,30.778666],[-87.634938,30.865886],[-87.592055,30.951492],[-87.599172,30.995722],[-87.571281,30.99787],[-85.002368,31.000682],[-85.004026,30.973468],[-84.979627,30.958986],[-84.983627,30.936986],[-84.936828,30.884683],[-84.935413,30.81721],[-84.914322,30.753591],[-84.864693,30.711542],[-83.309455,30.634417]]],[[[-89.366031,42.500274],[-87.800561,42.49192],[-87.80537,42.384721],[-87.834769,42.301522],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.741662,42.128227],[-87.671462,42.058334],[-87.60945,41.845233],[-87.524141,41.72399],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.589084,39.333831],[-87.61005,39.282232],[-87.574558,39.218404],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.64599,39.1449],[-87.630376,39.104305],[-87.572588,39.057286],[-87.578319,38.988786],[-87.512187,38.954417],[-87.553384,38.863344],[-87.525893,38.848795],[-87.496494,38.742728],[-87.531231,38.684036],[-87.593678,38.667402],[-87.62012,38.639489],[-87.626444,38.591066],[-87.660732,38.541092],[-87.657084,38.507169],[-87.739522,38.475069],[-87.730134,38.446518],[-87.745254,38.408996],[-87.822721,38.346912],[-87.838243,38.29375],[-87.875476,38.301376],[-87.908223,38.274012],[-87.938727,38.289264],[-87.950838,38.247097],[-87.982688,38.221527],[-87.975819,38.197834],[-87.928858,38.168594],[-87.92168,38.148407],[-87.999734,38.100857],[-87.984931,38.069008],[-88.02979,38.025046],[-88.012929,37.966544],[-88.044145,37.926805],[-88.031584,37.901685],[-88.058499,37.865349],[-88.043247,37.836639],[-88.049528,37.81107],[-88.029382,37.803601],[-88.059588,37.742608],[-88.125033,37.707094],[-88.160187,37.657592],[-88.13341,37.574273],[-88.063311,37.515755],[-88.067728,37.481593],[-88.281667,37.452596],[-88.365471,37.401663],[-88.413108,37.424468],[-88.470224,37.396255],[-88.515939,37.284043],[-88.450653,37.207046],[-88.424403,37.152428],[-88.458948,37.073796],[-88.476127,37.068223],[-88.545403,37.070003],[-88.625889,37.119458],[-88.732105,37.143956],[-88.80572,37.188595],[-88.928019,37.226625],[-89.000968,37.224401],[-89.076221,37.175125],[-89.181369,37.046305],[-89.166447,37.003337],[-89.098843,36.95785],[-89.137969,36.847349],[-89.177177,36.835779],[-89.171069,36.798119],[-89.12353,36.785309],[-89.119198,36.759802],[-89.179545,36.756132],[-89.199798,36.734217],[-89.15908,36.666352],[-89.197654,36.628936],[-89.213563,36.580119],[-89.236542,36.566824],[-89.268057,36.568908],[-89.326731,36.632186],[-89.365548,36.625059],[-89.41977,36.493896],[-89.460436,36.45814],[-89.494074,36.473225],[-89.465888,36.529946],[-89.479093,36.568206],[-89.542459,36.580566],[-89.563185,36.568749],[-89.570071,36.544387],[-89.519501,36.475419],[-89.545255,36.427079],[-89.51038,36.378356],[-89.513178,36.359897],[-89.538079,36.337496],[-89.610689,36.340442],[-89.620255,36.323006],[-89.578492,36.288317],[-89.539487,36.277368],[-89.534745,36.252576],[-89.602374,36.238106],[-89.652518,36.250692],[-89.703511,36.243412],[-89.607004,36.171179],[-89.591605,36.144096],[-89.598946,36.121778],[-89.678821,36.084636],[-89.706932,36.000981],[-90.37789,35.995683],[-90.294492,36.112949],[-90.235585,36.139474],[-90.220425,36.184764],[-90.126366,36.229367],[-90.114922,36.265595],[-90.083731,36.272332],[-90.06398,36.303038],[-90.081961,36.322097],[-90.064514,36.382085],[-90.143743,36.424433],[-90.134136,36.436602],[-90.155804,36.463555],[-90.143683,36.476029],[-90.158838,36.479558],[-90.154409,36.496832],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.591933,39.155003],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.663835,39.179103],[-94.680336,39.184303],[-94.752338,39.173203],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.831679,39.215938],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.909409,39.354255],[-94.879088,39.375703],[-94.885026,39.389801],[-94.939697,39.38795],[-94.990172,39.446192],[-95.04078,39.466387],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.113557,39.553941],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.054804,39.582488],[-95.049518,39.637876],[-95.018318,39.672869],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-94.960086,39.743065],[-94.902612,39.724202],[-94.870143,39.734594],[-94.865243,39.770094],[-94.912293,39.759338],[-94.935206,39.78313],[-94.884084,39.794234],[-94.878677,39.826522],[-94.937655,39.849786],[-94.927897,39.886112],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-95.013152,39.899953],[-95.037767,39.865542],[-95.128166,39.874165],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.199347,39.902709],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.413588,40.038424],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.39284,40.115887],[-95.48102,40.188524],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.558732,40.295774],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.657328,40.310856],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.693133,40.469396],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.75711,40.52599],[-95.768693,40.534106],[-95.768527,40.583296],[-94.080463,40.572899],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-91.685381,40.578892],[-91.6887,40.55739],[-91.620071,40.540817],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.5286,40.459002],[-91.526425,40.413404],[-91.489816,40.404317],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.38836,40.384929],[-91.372921,40.399108],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.406202,40.542698],[-91.401482,40.559458],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.247851,40.63839],[-91.18698,40.637297],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.003536,40.905146],[-90.968995,40.919127],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.946259,41.094734],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.113648,41.241401],[-91.077505,41.301828],[-91.043988,41.415897],[-90.984898,41.433869],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.556235,41.524232],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.41583,41.562933],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.314687,41.69483],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.181901,41.843216],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.164485,42.042105],[-90.167533,42.122475],[-90.197342,42.128163],[-90.234919,42.165431],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.419027,42.328505],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.646727,42.471904],[-90.656527,42.489203],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-89.366031,42.500274]]],[[[-105.038405,45.000345],[-111.055199,45.001321],[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.490228,44.700221],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.101564,44.520847],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.735601,45.325265],[-113.734402,45.392353],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.783272,45.451839],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.898883,45.644167],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.36562,45.490416],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.427309,46.283624],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.32456,46.653579],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.710425,46.717704],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.787065,46.711255],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.861376,46.81196],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-115.00091,46.967703],[-115.047857,46.969533],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.77177,47.717412],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-116.048421,47.97682],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.040128,44.999987],[-105.038405,45.000345]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Florida\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
The Puget Sound Basin, Washington, has experienced rapid urban growth in recent decades, with varying impacts to local ecosystems and natural resources. To plan for future growth, land managers often use scenarios to assess how the pattern and volume of growth may affect natural resources. Using three different land-management scenarios for the years 2000–2060, we assessed various spatial patterns of urban growth relative to maps depicting a model-based characterization of the ecological integrity and recent development pressure of individual land parcels. The three scenarios depict future trajectories of land-use change under alternative management strategies—status quo, managed growth, and unconstrained growth. The resulting analysis offers a preliminary assessment of how future growth patterns in the Puget Sound Basin may impact land targeted for conservation and how short-term metrics of land-development pressure compare to longer term growth projections.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171057","usgsCitation":"Villarreal, M.L., Labiosa, W.B, and Aiello, D., 2017, Evaluating land-use change scenarios for the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, within the ecosystem recovery target model-based framework: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1057, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171057.","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079393","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1057/ofr20171057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1057"},{"id":341556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1057/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 46.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Geographic Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 531
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Flood-frequency characteristics for 360 gaged sites on unregulated rural streams in Wisconsin are presented for percent annual exceedance probabilities ranging from 0.2 to 50 using a statewide skewness map developed for this report. Equations of the relations between flood-frequency and drainage-basin characteristics were developed by multiple-regression analyses. Flood-frequency characteristics for ungaged sites on unregulated, rural streams can be estimated by use of the equations presented in this report. The State was divided into eight areas of similar physiographic characteristics. The most significant basin characteristics are drainage area, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, main-channel slope, and several land-use variables. The standard error of prediction for the equation for the 1-percent annual exceedance probability flood ranges from 56 to 70 percent for Wisconsin Streams; these values are larger than results presented in previous reports. The increase in the standard error of prediction is likely due to increased variability of the annual-peak discharges, resulting in increased variability in the magnitude of flood peaks at higher frequencies. For regulated streams, a graphical method for estimating flood-frequency characteristics was developed from the relations of discharge and drainage area for selected annual exceedance probabilities. Graphs for the major regulated streams in Wisconsin are presented in the report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Walker, J.F., Peppler, M.C., Danz, M.E., and Hubbard, L.E., 2017, Flood-frequency characteristics of Wisconsin streams (ver. 2.2, April 2020): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5140, 33 p., 1 plate, 2 appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165140.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 33 p.; Plate: 24.0 x 35.0 inches; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079459","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373799,"rank":15,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/VersionHist_ver2.2.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.06 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016–5140 Version History"},{"id":373796,"rank":14,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/sir20165140_ver2.2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.04","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5140"},{"id":345324,"rank":13,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-11.xls","text":"Table 2-11","size":"306 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Drainage-basin characteristics for rural streamflow-gaging stations in Wisconsin"},{"id":345323,"rank":12,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-10.xls","text":"Table 2-10","size":"41 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Discharges for selected p-percent annual exceedance probability floods and Water Resources Council estimated statistics for regulated streamflow- gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345322,"rank":11,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-9.xls","text":"Table 2-9","size":"81 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Discharges for the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345321,"rank":10,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-8.xls","text":"Table 2-8","size":"81 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Discharges for the 0.5-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345320,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-7.xls","text":"Table 2-7","size":"81 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Discharges for the 1-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345319,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-6.xls","text":"Table 2-6","size":"81 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Discharges for the 2-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345318,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-5.xls","text":"Table 2-5","size":"81 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Discharges for the 4-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345317,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-4.xls","text":"Table 2-4","size":"81 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Discharges for the 10-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345316,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-3.xls","text":"Table 2-3","size":"87 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Discharges for the 20-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345315,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-2.xls","text":"Table 2-2","size":"81 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Discharges for the 50-percent annual exceedance probability floods for streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345314,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/appendix2-tables/sir20165140_table2-1.xls","text":"Table 2-1","size":"108 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- General characteristics of the unregulated streamflow-gaging stations in the Wisconsin flood-frequency network"},{"id":345282,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/sir20165140_plateA1.pdf","text":"Plate A1","size":"9.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":341396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5140/coverthb4.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-90.403306,47.026693],[-90.411972,47.014958],[-90.425351,47.007526],[-90.464079,46.994636],[-90.465465,47.002593],[-90.457688,47.012484],[-90.4553,47.02375],[-90.455502,47.051331],[-90.449572,47.064965],[-90.438734,47.072557],[-90.417272,47.07757],[-90.395367,47.077175],[-90.393342,47.066204],[-90.403306,47.026693]]],[[[-90.730883,46.873096],[-90.677989,46.897527],[-90.667776,46.890037],[-90.675239,46.881029],[-90.718547,46.864531],[-90.745356,46.83566],[-90.756052,46.830595],[-90.760991,46.838277],[-90.749816,46.861806],[-90.730883,46.873096]]],[[[-90.764857,46.946524],[-90.741417,46.9636],[-90.71511,46.957332],[-90.694487,46.93671],[-90.689302,46.918563],[-90.737107,46.914712],[-90.764857,46.946524]]],[[[-90.568938,46.847391],[-90.58505,46.839789],[-90.613569,46.837958],[-90.673838,46.819684],[-90.683356,46.813275],[-90.685753,46.805003],[-90.652916,46.797755],[-90.65892,46.7885],[-90.696465,46.78204],[-90.716456,46.785418],[-90.7625,46.755547],[-90.787751,46.753301],[-90.783086,46.772939],[-90.790965,46.781373],[-90.790231,46.786103],[-90.733231,46.800183],[-90.720932,46.815897],[-90.656946,46.843476],[-90.622048,46.872872],[-90.602619,46.872715],[-90.568938,46.847391]]],[[[-90.572383,46.958835],[-90.528182,46.968396],[-90.508157,46.956836],[-90.524018,46.935714],[-90.539947,46.92785],[-90.543852,46.918289],[-90.549104,46.915461],[-90.569169,46.920309],[-90.637124,46.906724],[-90.64412,46.908373],[-90.654796,46.919249],[-90.634507,46.942944],[-90.572383,46.958835]]],[[[-87.335299,45.211327],[-87.331962,45.199251],[-87.33622,45.173174],[-87.327284,45.157363],[-87.376777,45.177298],[-87.375403,45.199296],[-87.335299,45.211327]]],[[[-90.962901,46.962028],[-90.980316,46.971578],[-90.98222,46.985417],[-90.949383,46.991208],[-90.939866,47.001321],[-90.928563,47.000726],[-90.923764,46.987928],[-90.932132,46.962655],[-90.962901,46.962028]]],[[[-90.757147,47.03372],[-90.688544,47.043347],[-90.643623,47.041177],[-90.608824,47.007558],[-90.560936,47.037013],[-90.544875,47.017383],[-90.552867,46.999686],[-90.609715,46.991208],[-90.634105,46.970983],[-90.671581,46.948973],[-90.712032,46.98526],[-90.767985,47.002327],[-90.776921,47.024324],[-90.757147,47.03372]]],[[[-87.405658,44.860098],[-87.384821,44.865532],[-87.385396,44.889964],[-87.406199,44.90449],[-87.393752,44.933751],[-87.374805,44.956631],[-87.360288,44.987643],[-87.322117,45.034201],[-87.264877,45.081361],[-87.257449,45.121644],[-87.240813,45.137559],[-87.242924,45.149377],[-87.238426,45.166492],[-87.224065,45.174551],[-87.21437,45.165735],[-87.195876,45.163201],[-87.17517,45.173],[-87.163169,45.185331],[-87.13303,45.192843],[-87.119972,45.191103],[-87.122708,45.221786],[-87.109541,45.255397],[-87.078316,45.265723],[-87.071035,45.280355],[-87.057627,45.292838],[-87.0517,45.285888],[-87.043895,45.284767],[-87.017036,45.299254],[-86.994112,45.298061],[-86.97778,45.290684],[-86.970355,45.278455],[-86.984938,45.259036],[-86.983066,45.250764],[-86.973287,45.246381],[-86.985973,45.215872],[-87.002806,45.211773],[-87.00754,45.222127],[-87.032521,45.222274],[-87.040909,45.211535],[-87.045242,45.158798],[-87.030225,45.147382],[-87.03292,45.141963],[-87.045748,45.134987],[-87.054282,45.120074],[-87.049346,45.110122],[-87.048213,45.089124],[-87.057415,45.087472],[-87.064864,45.078427],[-87.079552,45.070783],[-87.081866,45.059103],[-87.090849,45.055465],[-87.121156,45.058311],[-87.139384,45.012565],[-87.163477,45.004913],[-87.189134,44.969078],[-87.188399,44.94856],[-87.17524,44.939753],[-87.1717,44.931476],[-87.204238,44.916819],[-87.215808,44.906744],[-87.217171,44.898013],[-87.206285,44.885928],[-87.204815,44.877199],[-87.267061,44.847025],[-87.282561,44.814729],[-87.304824,44.804603],[-87.313363,44.794237],[-87.320397,44.784963],[-87.319903,44.769672],[-87.353789,44.701915],[-87.401629,44.631191],[-87.437751,44.604559],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.483696,44.511354],[-87.490024,44.477224],[-87.498662,44.460686],[-87.506362,44.423804],[-87.517965,44.394356],[-87.517597,44.375696],[-87.533583,44.351111],[-87.545382,44.321385],[-87.541382,44.294018],[-87.508457,44.229755],[-87.507419,44.210803],[-87.512903,44.192808],[-87.51966,44.17987],[-87.53994,44.15969],[-87.563181,44.144195],[-87.603572,44.13039],[-87.6458,44.105222],[-87.654935,44.082552],[-87.656062,44.051919],[-87.683361,44.020139],[-87.695053,43.990715],[-87.69892,43.965936],[-87.71817,43.939498],[-87.735436,43.882219],[-87.728698,43.852524],[-87.726408,43.810454],[-87.700251,43.76735],[-87.702985,43.749695],[-87.709885,43.735795],[-87.702685,43.687596],[-87.789105,43.564844],[-87.797608,43.52731],[-87.793239,43.492783],[-87.807799,43.461136],[-87.855608,43.405441],[-87.872504,43.380178],[-87.882392,43.352099],[-87.889207,43.307652],[-87.901847,43.284117],[-87.911787,43.250406],[-87.896286,43.197108],[-87.881085,43.170609],[-87.900285,43.13731],[-87.900496,43.126],[-87.893185,43.114011],[-87.876084,43.099011],[-87.866487,43.074419],[-87.870184,43.064412],[-87.894813,43.042497],[-87.898184,43.030689],[-87.896157,43.017486],[-87.887789,43.000715],[-87.857182,42.978015],[-87.845181,42.962015],[-87.842786,42.944865],[-87.847745,42.889595],[-87.824,42.836649],[-87.766675,42.784896],[-87.781949,42.74857],[-87.778824,42.728432],[-87.783489,42.705164],[-87.802377,42.676651],[-87.814674,42.64402],[-87.819407,42.617327],[-87.819374,42.60662],[-87.810873,42.58732],[-87.812273,42.52982],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-88.115285,42.496219],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-89.690088,42.505191],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.636727,42.518702],[-90.645627,42.5441],[-90.654127,42.5499],[-90.661527,42.567999],[-90.685487,42.589614],[-90.693999,42.614509],[-90.709204,42.636078],[-90.769495,42.651443],[-90.88743,42.67247],[-90.921155,42.685406],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-90.977735,42.696816],[-91.000128,42.716189],[-91.026786,42.724228],[-91.035418,42.73734],[-91.053733,42.738238],[-91.056297,42.747341],[-91.065783,42.753387],[-91.060261,42.761847],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.078097,42.806526],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.09406,42.830813],[-91.091402,42.84986],[-91.097656,42.859871],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.115512,42.894672],[-91.14556,42.90798],[-91.144315,42.926592],[-91.149784,42.940244],[-91.14655,42.963345],[-91.156562,42.978226],[-91.15749,42.991475],[-91.174692,43.038713],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.175193,43.103771],[-91.177932,43.128875],[-91.175253,43.134665],[-91.1562,43.142945],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.12217,43.197255],[-91.066398,43.239293],[-91.059684,43.248566],[-91.058644,43.257679],[-91.072649,43.262129],[-91.07371,43.274746],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.137343,43.329757],[-91.181115,43.345926],[-91.201847,43.349103],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.19767,43.395334],[-91.203144,43.419805],[-91.22875,43.445537],[-91.233367,43.455168],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.217353,43.512474],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.24382,43.54913],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.231865,43.581822],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.268457,43.627352],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.270767,43.65308],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.243955,43.773046],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.277695,43.837741],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.346271,43.910074],[-91.356741,43.916564],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.406011,43.963929],[-91.43738,43.999962],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.478498,44.00803],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.580019,44.026925],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.707491,44.103906],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.774486,44.147539],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.817302,44.164235],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.875158,44.200575],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.895652,44.273008],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.9636,44.362112],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.431101,44.565786],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.54806,44.567792],[-92.55151,44.571607],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.577148,44.605054],[-92.584711,44.599861],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.807317,44.750364],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.766102,44.834966],[-92.76909,44.861997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.800851,45.069477],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.746749,45.107051],[-92.739528,45.116515],[-92.745694,45.123112],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.752542,45.171772],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.703705,45.35633],[-92.679193,45.37271],[-92.669505,45.389111],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.652698,45.454527],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.785741,45.567888],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.888035,45.624959],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.870145,45.696757],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.739991,45.846283],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.712503,45.891705],[-92.676607,45.90637],[-92.676807,45.91093],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.639116,45.924555],[-92.640115,45.932478],[-92.636316,45.934634],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.551933,45.951651],[-92.549806,45.967986],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.46126,45.979427],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.344244,46.02743],[-92.343604,46.040917],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.292192,46.666042],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.228492,46.652941],[-92.216392,46.649841],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.202292,46.655041],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.198491,46.696141],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.205692,46.702541],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.108777,46.749105],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.007989,46.705039],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-91.886963,46.690211],[-91.820027,46.690176],[-91.790473,46.694624],[-91.74965,46.709129],[-91.646146,46.734575],[-91.590684,46.754331],[-91.511077,46.757453],[-91.489125,46.766997],[-91.44957,46.773252],[-91.411799,46.78964],[-91.369387,46.793745],[-91.33825,46.817704],[-91.315061,46.826729],[-91.256873,46.836833],[-91.226796,46.86361],[-91.207524,46.865835],[-91.200107,46.854017],[-91.178292,46.844259],[-91.168297,46.844727],[-91.140301,46.873105],[-91.133337,46.870341],[-91.134977,46.859023],[-91.107323,46.857469],[-91.096565,46.86153],[-91.090916,46.88267],[-91.080951,46.883609],[-91.069331,46.878772],[-91.052991,46.881325],[-91.03989,46.88923],[-91.034518,46.903053],[-91.019141,46.911502],[-90.995149,46.917577],[-90.968419,46.94391],[-90.92204,46.931372],[-90.914044,46.933346],[-90.908654,46.941221],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.838814,46.957728],[-90.786595,46.927019],[-90.75563,46.899247],[-90.751151,46.887863],[-90.77017,46.876296],[-90.798545,46.823922],[-90.825696,46.803858],[-90.835008,46.790366],[-90.854916,46.788952],[-90.863542,46.780565],[-90.859724,46.774433],[-90.862333,46.768135],[-90.885021,46.756341],[-90.870396,46.723293],[-90.853225,46.70028],[-90.853644,46.694464],[-90.870079,46.679449],[-90.914619,46.659054],[-90.924487,46.625417],[-90.93831,46.608768],[-90.951418,46.600774],[-90.942101,46.588573],[-90.906058,46.58343],[-90.873154,46.601223],[-90.794775,46.624941],[-90.770192,46.636127],[-90.755381,46.646225],[-90.756495,46.664591],[-90.74809,46.669817],[-90.73726,46.692267],[-90.627885,46.623839],[-90.558141,46.586384],[-90.538346,46.581182],[-90.505909,46.589614],[-90.437596,46.561492],[-90.418136,46.566094],[-90.39332,46.532615],[-90.369964,46.540549],[-90.350121,46.537337],[-90.344338,46.552087],[-90.331887,46.553278],[-90.326686,46.54615],[-90.320428,46.546287],[-90.310859,46.539365],[-90.316983,46.517319],[-90.285707,46.518846],[-90.277131,46.524487],[-90.272599,46.521127],[-90.274721,46.515416],[-90.270684,46.508237],[-90.263018,46.502777],[-90.231587,46.509842],[-90.230324,46.501732],[-90.216594,46.501759],[-90.204009,46.478175],[-90.188996,46.469015],[-90.193294,46.463143],[-90.180336,46.456746],[-90.17786,46.440548],[-90.166919,46.439851],[-90.158603,46.422656],[-90.157851,46.409291],[-90.144359,46.390255],[-90.13225,46.381249],[-90.133871,46.371828],[-90.116844,46.355153],[-90.12138,46.338131],[-89.09163,46.138505],[-88.85027,46.040274],[-88.837991,46.030176],[-88.811948,46.021609],[-88.79646,46.023605],[-88.80067,46.030036],[-88.796182,46.033712],[-88.779221,46.031869],[-88.783891,46.020934],[-88.779915,46.015436],[-88.765208,46.022086],[-88.756295,46.020173],[-88.746422,46.025798],[-88.730675,46.026535],[-88.721125,46.022013],[-88.718397,46.013284],[-88.704687,46.018154],[-88.679132,46.013538],[-88.661312,45.988819],[-88.6375,45.98496],[-88.616405,45.9877],[-88.611466,46.003332],[-88.60144,46.017599],[-88.59386,46.015132],[-88.589755,46.005602],[-88.565485,46.015708],[-88.550756,46.012896],[-88.541078,46.013763],[-88.533825,46.020915],[-88.514601,46.019926],[-88.507188,46.0183],[-88.498108,45.99636],[-88.492495,45.992157],[-88.476002,45.992826],[-88.470855,46.001004],[-88.458658,45.999391],[-88.450325,45.990181],[-88.439733,45.990456],[-88.416914,45.975323],[-88.388847,45.982675],[-88.380183,45.991654],[-88.330137,45.965951],[-88.330296,45.956625],[-88.326953,45.955071],[-88.316894,45.960969],[-88.292381,45.951115],[-88.250133,45.963147],[-88.246307,45.962983],[-88.242518,45.950363],[-88.23314,45.947405],[-88.201852,45.945173],[-88.202116,45.949836],[-88.191991,45.95274],[-88.170096,45.93947],[-88.146352,45.935314],[-88.121864,45.92075],[-88.104686,45.922121],[-88.096496,45.917273],[-88.095354,45.913895],[-88.105677,45.904387],[-88.101814,45.883504],[-88.095841,45.880042],[-88.083965,45.881186],[-88.073944,45.875593],[-88.075146,45.864832],[-88.081641,45.865087],[-88.13611,45.819029],[-88.129461,45.809288],[-88.105355,45.800104],[-88.103247,45.791361],[-88.072091,45.780261],[-88.050634,45.780972],[-88.040221,45.789236],[-87.991447,45.795393],[-87.98087,45.776977],[-87.989829,45.772945],[-87.96697,45.764021],[-87.963452,45.75822],[-87.905873,45.759364],[-87.896032,45.752285],[-87.875813,45.753888],[-87.864141,45.745697],[-87.86432,45.737139],[-87.85548,45.726943],[-87.805867,45.706841],[-87.809181,45.700337],[-87.782226,45.683053],[-87.780737,45.675458],[-87.823164,45.662732],[-87.824102,45.647138],[-87.810194,45.638732],[-87.79588,45.618846],[-87.780845,45.614599],[-87.777199,45.588499],[-87.787534,45.581376],[-87.790874,45.564096],[-87.806104,45.562863],[-87.829346,45.568776],[-87.833591,45.562529],[-87.80339,45.538272],[-87.802267,45.514233],[-87.792769,45.499967],[-87.812971,45.4661],[-87.861697,45.434473],[-87.860432,45.423504],[-87.849322,45.403872],[-87.859131,45.398967],[-87.859418,45.388227],[-87.875424,45.379373],[-87.871789,45.373557],[-87.884855,45.362792],[-87.888052,45.354697],[-87.881114,45.351278],[-87.86856,45.360537],[-87.860871,45.351192],[-87.850418,45.347492],[-87.848368,45.340676],[-87.832612,45.352249],[-87.790324,45.353444],[-87.783076,45.349725],[-87.754104,45.349442],[-87.751626,45.354169],[-87.738352,45.358243],[-87.718891,45.377462],[-87.693956,45.389893],[-87.675017,45.382454],[-87.674403,45.378065],[-87.657349,45.368752],[-87.656632,45.358617],[-87.648476,45.352243],[-87.648126,45.339396],[-87.662029,45.326434],[-87.663666,45.318257],[-87.687498,45.298055],[-87.698248,45.281512],[-87.69878,45.26942],[-87.709137,45.260341],[-87.711339,45.239965],[-87.724156,45.233236],[-87.721935,45.228444],[-87.726952,45.218949],[-87.726198,45.209391],[-87.741732,45.198201],[-87.736509,45.173389],[-87.683902,45.144135],[-87.675816,45.135059],[-87.678511,45.131204],[-87.672447,45.121294],[-87.661296,45.112566],[-87.661211,45.108279],[-87.631535,45.106224],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.587147,45.089495],[-87.587992,45.085271],[-87.601849,45.082297],[-87.610395,45.075617],[-87.625748,45.045157],[-87.624693,45.014176],[-87.630298,44.976865],[-87.661964,44.973035],[-87.696492,44.974233],[-87.766115,44.965351],[-87.817551,44.951986],[-87.837647,44.933091],[-87.844299,44.918524],[-87.827751,44.891229],[-87.832764,44.880939],[-87.852789,44.86486],[-87.865898,44.840988],[-87.878218,44.839016],[-87.899787,44.828051],[-87.941453,44.75608],[-87.964714,44.74357],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.990081,44.669791],[-88.002085,44.664035],[-88.009766,44.637081],[-87.998836,44.609523],[-88.001943,44.603909],[-88.012395,44.602438],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-88.039092,44.574324],[-88.042261,44.567344],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.929001,44.535993],[-87.901206,44.568887],[-87.899368,44.573043],[-87.903689,44.581317],[-87.901179,44.584545],[-87.867941,44.607606],[-87.809076,44.636189],[-87.77516,44.639281],[-87.756048,44.649117],[-87.748409,44.667122],[-87.71978,44.693246],[-87.720312,44.725073],[-87.610063,44.838384],[-87.581635,44.851638],[-87.550288,44.85129],[-87.530999,44.857437],[-87.515142,44.869596],[-87.502431,44.864619],[-87.478489,44.863572],[-87.437084,44.892718],[-87.421007,44.887869],[-87.419951,44.87594],[-87.405658,44.860098]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.895055,45.329035],[-86.899488,45.322588],[-86.896667,45.307275],[-86.899891,45.295185],[-86.925681,45.3242],[-86.95499,45.34128],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.946297,45.35869],[-86.95497,45.383194],[-86.943041,45.41525],[-86.934724,45.421123],[-86.928045,45.411273],[-86.917686,45.40789],[-86.892893,45.40898],[-86.877502,45.413981],[-86.862174,45.412151],[-86.853145,45.405547],[-86.830353,45.410852],[-86.828731,45.428461],[-86.810055,45.422619],[-86.805415,45.407324],[-86.824383,45.406135],[-86.841432,45.389601],[-86.853103,45.370861],[-86.863367,45.365],[-86.869031,45.333244],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wisconsin\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: May 22, 2017; Version 2.0: August 30, 2017; Version 2.1: December 26, 2017; Version 2.2: April 8, 2020","contact":"Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
Differences in plant communities are a response to the abiotic environment, species interactions, and dispersal. The role of geographic distance relative to the abiotic environment is explored for alpine tundra vegetation from 319 plots of four regions along the Rocky Mountain cordillera in the USA. The site by species data were ordinated using nonmetric multidimensional scaling to produce dependent variables for use in best-subsets regression. For independent variables, observations of local topography and microtopography were used as environmental indicators. Two methods of including distance in studies of vegetation and environment are used and contrasted. The relative importance of geographic distance in accounting for the pattern of alpine tundra similarity indicates that location is a factor in plant community composition. Mantel tests provide direct correlations between difference and distance but have known weaknesses. Moran spatial eigenvectors used in regression based approaches have greater geographic specificity, but require another step, ordination, in creating a vegetation variable. While the spatial eigenvectors are generally preferable, where species–environment relations are weak, as seems to be the case for the alpine sites studied here, the fewer abstractions of the Mantel test may be useful.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2017.1327284","collaboration":"George Malanson; Dale Zimmerman","usgsCitation":"Malanson, G.P., Zimmerman, D.L., and Fagre, D.B., 2017, Distance and environmental difference in alpine plant communities: Physical Geography, v. 38, no. 6, p. 489-505, https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2017.1327284.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"505","ipdsId":"IP-071595","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain cordillera","volume":"38","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59defc13e4b05fe04ccd3d5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malanson, George P.","contributorId":189162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malanson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Dale L.","contributorId":166811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187841,"text":"70187841 - 2017 - Potential implications of acoustic stimuli as a non-physical barrier to silver carp and bighead carp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T10:03:09","indexId":"70187841","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential implications of acoustic stimuli as a non-physical barrier to silver carp and bighead carp","docAbstract":"The effectiveness of an acoustic barrier to deter the movement of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) and bighead carp, H. nobilis (Richardson) was evaluated. A pond (10 m × 5 m × 1.2 m) was divided in half by a concrete-block barrier with a channel (1 m across) allowing fish access to each side. Underwater speakers were placed on each side of the barrier opening, and an outboard motor noise (broadband sound; 0.06–10 kHz) was broadcast to repel carp that approached within 1 m of the channel. Broadband sound was effective at reducing the number of successful crossings in schools of silver carp, bighead carp and a combined school. Repulsion rates were 82.5% (silver carp), 93.7% (bighead carp) and 90.5% (combined). This study demonstrates that broadband sound is effective in deterring carp and could be used as a deterrent in an integrated pest management system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fme.12220","usgsCitation":"Murchy, K., Cupp, A.R., Amberg, J., Vetter, B.J., Fredricks, K.T., Gaikowski, M., and Mensinger, A.F., 2017, Potential implications of acoustic stimuli as a non-physical barrier to silver carp and bighead carp: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 208-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12220.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"216","ipdsId":"IP-067182","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5923f8e2e4b0b7ff9fb23422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murchy, Kelsie 0000-0003-3034-3488 kmurchy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-3488","contributorId":189376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchy","given":"Kelsie","email":"kmurchy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vetter, Brooke J.","contributorId":189377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vetter","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredricks, Kim T. 0000-0003-2363-7891 kfredricks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7891","contributorId":173994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredricks","given":"Kim","email":"kfredricks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":149357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mensinger, Allen F.","contributorId":150852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mensinger","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70187843,"text":"70187843 - 2017 - Assessing the status of sediment toxicity and macroinvertebrate communities in the Eighteenmile Creek Area of Concern, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T12:45:20","indexId":"70187843","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the status of sediment toxicity and macroinvertebrate communities in the Eighteenmile Creek Area of Concern, New York","docAbstract":"In 1972, the governments of Canada and the United States committed to restoring the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Laurentian Great Lakes under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Through this framework, the downstream-most section of Eighteenmile Creek, a tributary to the south shore of Lake Ontario in New York, was designated as an Area of Concern (AOC) because water quality and bed sediments were contaminated by past industrial and municipal discharges, waste disposal, and pesticide usage. Five beneficial use impairments (BUIs) have been identified in the AOC including the degradation of the “benthos”, or the benthic macroinvertebrate community. This investigation used sediment toxicity testing and macroinvertebrate community assessments to determine if the toxicity of bed sediments in the AOC differed from that of an unimpacted reference stream. Results from 10-day toxicity tests indicated that survival and growth of the dipteran Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca did not differ significantly between sediments from the AOC and reference area. Analyses of benthic macroinvertebrate community integrity and structure also indicated that macroinvertebrate communities, while impacted across most sites on both streams, were generally similar between the AOC and reference area. Despite these findings, the upstream-most AOC site consistently scored poorly in all analyses, which suggests that localized sediment toxicity may exist in the AOC, even if large scale differences between the AOC and a comparable reference stream are minimal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2017.01.004","usgsCitation":"George, S.D., Duffy, B.T., and Baldigo, B.P., 2017, Assessing the status of sediment toxicity and macroinvertebrate communities in the Eighteenmile Creek Area of Concern, New York: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 43, no. 3, p. 55-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.01.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-073636","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Eighteenmile Creek, Oak Orchard Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.760986328125,\n 43.12504316740127\n ],\n [\n -78.05374145507812,\n 43.12504316740127\n ],\n [\n -78.05374145507812,\n 43.410035859164545\n ],\n [\n -78.760986328125,\n 43.410035859164545\n ],\n [\n -78.760986328125,\n 43.12504316740127\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5923f8e0e4b0b7ff9fb2341a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffy, Brian T.","contributorId":6352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}