{"pageNumber":"954","pageRowStart":"23825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40807,"records":[{"id":70029984,"text":"70029984 - 2007 - Feasibility of detecting near-surface feature with Rayleigh-wave diffraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:35:01","indexId":"70029984","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feasibility of detecting near-surface feature with Rayleigh-wave diffraction","docAbstract":"Detection of near-surfaces features such as voids and faults is challenging due to the complexity of near-surface materials and the limited resolution of geophysical methods. Although multichannel, high-frequency, surface-wave techniques can provide reliable shear (S)-wave velocities in different geological settings, they are not suitable for detecting voids directly based on anomalies of the S-wave velocity because of limitations on the resolution of S-wave velocity profiles inverted from surface-wave phase velocities. Therefore, we studied the feasibility of directly detecting near-surfaces features with surface-wave diffractions. Based on the properties of surface waves, we have derived a Rayleigh-wave diffraction traveltime equation. We also have solved the equation for the depth to the top of a void and an average velocity of Rayleigh waves. Using these equations, the depth to the top of a void/fault can be determined based on traveltime data from a diffraction curve. In practice, only two diffraction times are necessary to define the depth to the top of a void/fault and the average Rayleigh-wave velocity that generates the diffraction curve. We used four two-dimensional square voids to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting a void with Rayleigh-wave diffractions: a 2??m by 2??m with a depth to the top of the void of 2??m, 4??m by 4??m with a depth to the top of the void of 7??m, and 6??m by 6??m with depths to the top of the void 12??m and 17??m. We also modeled surface waves due to a vertical fault. Rayleigh-wave diffractions were recognizable for all these models after FK filtering was applied to the synthetic data. The Rayleigh-wave diffraction traveltime equation was verified by the modeled data. Modeling results suggested that FK filtering is critical to enhance diffracted surface waves. A real-world example is presented to show how to utilize the derived equation of surface-wave diffractions. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.12.002","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Nyquist, J.E., Xu, Y., Roth, M., and Miller, R., 2007, Feasibility of detecting near-surface feature with Rayleigh-wave diffraction: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 62, no. 3, p. 244-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.12.002.","startPage":"244","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212958,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.12.002"}],"volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f39e4b0c8380cd53816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyquist, Jonathan E.","contributorId":101801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nyquist","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":34225,"text":"Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roth, M.J.S.","contributorId":71003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"M.J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029987,"text":"70029987 - 2007 - Hydrodynamics of coalbed methane reservoirs in the Black Warrior Basin: Key to understanding reservoir performance and environmental issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029987","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrodynamics of coalbed methane reservoirs in the Black Warrior Basin: Key to understanding reservoir performance and environmental issues","docAbstract":"The Black Warrior Basin of the southeastern United States hosts one of the world's most prolific and long-lived coalbed methane plays, and the wealth of experience in this basin provides insight into the relationships among basin hydrology, production performance, and environmental issues. Along the southeast margin of the basin, meteoric recharge of reservoir coal beds exposed in an upturned fold limb exerts a strong control on water chemistry, reservoir pressure, and production performance. Fresh-water plumes containing Na-HCO3 waters with low TDS content extend from the structurally upturned basin margin into the interior of the basin. Northwest of the plumes, coal beds contain Na-Cl waters with moderate to high-TDS content. Carbon isotope data from produced gas and mineral cements suggest that the fresh-water plumes have been the site of significant bacterial activity and that the coalbed methane reservoirs contain a mixture of thermogenic and late-stage biogenic gases. Water produced from the fresh-water plumes may be disposed safely at the surface, whereas underground injection has been used locally to dispose of highly saline water. Wells in areas that had normal hydrostatic reservoir pressure prior to development tend to produce large volumes of water and may take up to 4 a to reach peak gas production. In contrast, wells drilled in naturally underpressured areas distal to the fresh-water plumes typically produce little water and achieve peak gas rates during the first year of production. Environmental debate has focused largely on issues associated with hydrologic communication between deep reservoir coal beds and shallow aquifers. In the coalbed methane fields of the Black Warrior Basin, a broad range of geologic evidence suggests that flow is effectively confined within coal and that the thick intervals of marine shale separating coal zones limit cross-formational flow. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.009","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Pashin, J., 2007, Hydrodynamics of coalbed methane reservoirs in the Black Warrior Basin: Key to understanding reservoir performance and environmental issues: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 10, p. 2257-2272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.009.","startPage":"2257","endPage":"2272","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212985,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.009"},{"id":240561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3340e4b0c8380cd5ee6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pashin, J.C.","contributorId":41897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029993,"text":"70029993 - 2007 - A shifting mosaic of scholarly publishing, scientific delivery, and future impact changing the face of learned societies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70029993","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A shifting mosaic of scholarly publishing, scientific delivery, and future impact changing the face of learned societies","docAbstract":"Nonprofit scientific societies hope that their activities advance their particular mission and impact their profession and, in the broadest sense, humanity in positive ways. The digital age has provided unprecedented mechanisms to enhance the delivery of science to the world. The marketplace of scientific publishing is a rapidly shifting mosaic of challenges and opportunities, and the responses of nonprofit and commercial publishers vary widely, but their outcomes are still uncertain. The response of the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) provides an example of how a relatively small society has altered its scientific delivery to enhance member benefits while attempting to sustain its economic viability. Since 2000, ASM has moved from a self-publishing, break-even, print-only model to a copublishing agreement with a commercial publisher (Alliance Communications Group, a division of Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas), which now offers members various print and electronic options and generates a shared royalty. Although it is too early to gauge the economic impact of these changes, the ASM leadership clearly attempted to signal its desire for members to view their society as a package of opportunities for edification and involvement rather than just a provider of serial subscriptions. Future challenges facing nonprofit scientific societies include open access, fiscal realities, archiving of publications, and scientific and societal impact; future opportunities include a strengthening of member responsibilities and professionalism, development of data registries to enhance scientific progress, and bundling of like societies. The manner in which nonprofit scientific societies respond to these challenges and opportunities will no doubt affect their sustainability and future impact. ?? 2007 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/06-MAMM-F-418.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Leslie, D., 2007, A shifting mosaic of scholarly publishing, scientific delivery, and future impact changing the face of learned societies: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 88, no. 2, p. 275-286, https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-F-418.1.","startPage":"275","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477025,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-f-418.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213072,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-F-418.1"},{"id":240657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e588e4b0c8380cd46dd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030000,"text":"70030000 - 2007 - Detection, attribution, and sensitivity of trends toward earlier streamflow in the Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:22:06","indexId":"70030000","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection, attribution, and sensitivity of trends toward earlier streamflow in the Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Observed changes in the timing of snowmelt dominated streamflow in the western United States are often linked to anthropogenic or other external causes. We assess whether observed streamflow timing changes can be statistically attributed to external forcing, or whether they still lie within the bounds of natural (internal) variability for four large Sierra Nevada (CA) basins, at inflow points to major reservoirs. Streamflow timing is measured by \"center timing\" (CT), the day when half the annual flow has passed a given point. We use a physically based hydrology model driven by meteorological input from a global climate model to quantify the natural variability in CT trends. Estimated 50-year trends in CT due to natural climate variability often exceed estimated actual CT trends from 1950 to 1999. Thus, although observed trends in CT to date may be statistically significant, they cannot yet be statistically attributed to external influences on climate. We estimate that projected CT changes at the four major reservoir inflows will, with 90% confidence, exceed those from natural variability within 1-4 decades or 4-8 decades, depending on rates of future greenhouse gas emissions. To identify areas most likely to exhibit CT changes in response to rising temperatures, we calculate changes in CT under temperature increases from 1 to 5??. We find that areas with average winter temperatures between -2??C and -4??C are most likely to respond with significant CT shifts. Correspondingly, elevations from 2000 to 2800 in are most sensitive to temperature increases, with CT changes exceeding 45 days (earlier) relative to 1961-1990. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JD008088","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Maurer, E., Stewart, I., Bonfils, C., Duffy, P.B., and Cayan, D., 2007, Detection, attribution, and sensitivity of trends toward earlier streamflow in the Sierra Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 112, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008088.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477109,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd008088","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008088"}],"volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff7de4b0c8380cd4f210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, E.P.","contributorId":30338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, I.T.","contributorId":80062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"I.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonfils, Celine","contributorId":51542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonfils","given":"Celine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duffy, P. B.","contributorId":77742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030002,"text":"70030002 - 2007 - Juvenile densities relative to water regime in mainstem reservoirs of the Tennessee River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030002","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2594,"text":"Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile densities relative to water regime in mainstem reservoirs of the Tennessee River, USA","docAbstract":"Successful reproduction and development of strong year classes of fish in storage reservoirs are commonly associated with reproductive seasons of high water level and extensive flooding. Responses to flooding are likely to be less pronounced or altogether different in mainstem navigation reservoirs that experience limited water level fluctuation. In these reservoirs, water regime characteristics such as timing of flooding, instability of water level, and water retention could supersede the effects of water level. We examined existing data to identify aspects of the water regime that have detectable consequence on juveniles of selected taxa in a sequence of four reservoirs of the Tennessee River that exhibited relatively small annual rises. Empirical models relating density of selected age-0 centrarchids to water regime suggested that descriptors of spring and summer flow through the reservoirs, water level instability, and summer water level were better related to juvenile densities than was spring water level. Different water regimes had different effects on the study species, and presumably other species in the fish communities. Therefore, a diversity of water regimes rather than a rigid rule curve is likely most beneficial to the long-term permanence of the fish assemblages of the study reservoirs. Fixed rule curves produce drawdown zones devoid of vegetation consisting primarily of mudflats of limited ecological value to floodplain species, and maintenance of water levels within the rule curve force operational drops and rises that adversely affect littoral spawners. In developing water management plans, regulatory agencies should consider incorporating managed randomness into rule curves. ?? 2007 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1770.2007.00327.x","issn":"13205331","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., and Lowery, D., 2007, Juvenile densities relative to water regime in mainstem reservoirs of the Tennessee River, USA: Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 87-96, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2007.00327.x.","startPage":"87","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2007.00327.x"},{"id":240254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4036e4b0c8380cd64b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowery, D.R.","contributorId":39586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030006,"text":"70030006 - 2007 - Luminescence ages for alluvial-fan deposits in Southern Death Valley: Implications for climate-driven sedimentation along a tectonically active mountain front","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030006","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Luminescence ages for alluvial-fan deposits in Southern Death Valley: Implications for climate-driven sedimentation along a tectonically active mountain front","docAbstract":"Controversy exists over whether alluvial-fan sedimentation along tectonically active mountain fronts is driven by climatic changes or tectonics. Knowing the age of sedimentation is the key to understanding the relationship between sedimentation and its cause. Alluvial-fan deposits in Death Valley and throughout the arid southwestern United States have long been the subjects of study, but their ages have generally eluded researchers until recently. Most mapping efforts have recognized at least four major relative-age groupings (Q1 (oldest), Q2, Q3, and Q4 (youngest)), using observed changes in surface soils and morphology, relation to the drainage net, and development of desert pavement. Obtaining numerical age determinations for these morphologic stages has proven challenging. We report the first optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages for three of these four stages deposited within alluvial-fans along the tectonically active Black Mountains of Death Valley. Deposits showing distinct, remnant bar and swale topography (Q3b) have OSL ages from 7 to 4 ka., whereas those with moderate to poorly developed desert pavement and located farther above the active channel (Q3a) have OSL ages from 17 to 11 ka. Geomorphically older deposits with well-developed desert pavement (Q2d) have OSL ages ???25 ka. Using this OSL-based chronology, we note that alluvial-fan deposition along this tectonically active mountain front corresponds to both wet-to-dry and dry-to-wet climate changes recorded globally and regionally. These findings underscore the influence of climate change on alluvial fan deposition in arid and semi-arid regions. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.01.002","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Sohn, M., Mahan, S., Knott, J., and Bowman, D., 2007, Luminescence ages for alluvial-fan deposits in Southern Death Valley: Implications for climate-driven sedimentation along a tectonically active mountain front: Quaternary International, v. 166, no. 1, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.01.002.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.01.002"},{"id":240325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a83e4b0c8380cd68e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohn, M.F.","contributorId":95687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knott, J.R.","contributorId":26847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowman, D.D.","contributorId":76549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030007,"text":"70030007 - 2007 - Biomarkers of metals exposure in fish from lead-zinc mining areas of Southeastern Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:27:42","indexId":"70030007","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers of metals exposure in fish from lead-zinc mining areas of Southeastern Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The potential effects of proposed lead-zinc mining in an ecologically sensitive area were assessed by studying a nearby mining district that has been exploited for about 30 y under contemporary environmental regulations and with modern technology. Blood and liver samples representing fish of three species (largescale stoneroller, Campostoma oligolepis, n=91; longear sunfish, Lepomis megalotis, n=105; and northern hog sucker, Hypentelium nigricans, n=20) from 16 sites representing a range of conditions relative to mining activities were collected. Samples were analyzed for metals (also reported in a companion paper) and for biomarkers of metals exposure [erythrocyte ??-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity; concentrations of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), iron, and hemoglobin (Hb) in blood; and hepatic metallothionein (MT) gene expression and lipid peroxidation]. Blood lead concentrations were significantly higher and ALA-D activity significantly lower in all species at sites nearest to active lead-zinc mines and in a stream contaminated by historical mining than at reference or downstream sites. ALA-D activity was also negatively correlated with blood lead concentrations in all three species but not with other metals. Iron and Hb concentrations were positively correlated in all three species, but were not correlated with any other metals in blood or liver in any species. MT gene expression was positively correlated with liver zinc concentrations, but neither MT nor lipid peroxidase differences among fish grouped according to lead concentrations were statistically significant. ZPP was not detected by hematofluorometry in most fish, but fish with detectable ZPP were from sites affected by mining. Collectively, these results confirm that metals are released to streams from active lead-zinc mining sites and are accumulated by fish. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.011","issn":"01476513","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C., Whyte, J., Roberts, A., Annis, M., May, T., and Tillitt, D.E., 2007, Biomarkers of metals exposure in fish from lead-zinc mining areas of Southeastern Missouri, USA: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 67, no. 1, p. 31-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.011.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212787,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.011"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f18ae4b0c8380cd4acb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whyte, J.J.","contributorId":34716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, A.P.","contributorId":28262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Annis, M.L.","contributorId":53930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annis","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030010,"text":"70030010 - 2007 - Variation in winter diet of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears inferred from stable isotope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T15:50:29","indexId":"70030010","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in winter diet of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears inferred from stable isotope analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ringed seals (</span>Phoca hispida<span>&nbsp;Schreber, 1775 =&nbsp;</span>Pusa hispida<span>&nbsp;(Schreber, 1775)) and bearded seals (</span>Erignathus barbatus<span>&nbsp;(Erxleben, 1777)) represent the majority of the polar bear (</span>Ursus maritimus<span>&nbsp;Phipps, 1774) annual diet. However, remains of lower trophic level bowhead whales (</span>Balaena mysticetus<span>&nbsp;L., 1758) are available in the southern Beaufort Sea and their dietary contribution to polar bears has been unknown. We used stable isotope (</span><sup>13</sup><span>C/</span><sup>12</sup><span>C, &delta;</span><sup><sup>13</sup></sup><span>C,&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N/</span><sup>14</sup><span>N, and &delta;</span><sup><sup>15</sup></sup><span>N) analysis to determine the diet composition of polar bears sampled along Alaska&rsquo;s Beaufort Sea coast in March and April 2003 and 2004. The mean &delta;</span><sup><sup>15</sup></sup><span>N values of polar bear blood cells were 19.5&permil; (SD = 0.7&permil;) in 2003 and 19.9&permil; (SD = 0.7&permil;) in 2004. Mixing models indicated bowhead whales composed 11%&ndash;26% (95% CI) of the diets of sampled polar bears in 2003, and 0%&ndash;14% (95% CI) in 2004. This suggests significant variability in the proportion of lower trophic level prey in polar bear diets among individuals and between years. Polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals, and the temporal and spatial availabilities of sea ice are projected to decline. Consumption of low trophic level foods documented here suggests bears may increasingly scavenge such foods in the future.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/Z07-036","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Bentzen, T., Follmann, E.H., Amstrup, S.C., York, G., Wooller, M.J., and O'Hara, T., 2007, Variation in winter diet of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears inferred from stable isotope analysis: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 85, no. 5, p. 596-608, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z07-036.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"596","endPage":"608","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z07-036"}],"volume":"85","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc16ce4b08c986b32a577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bentzen, T.W.","contributorId":97324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentzen","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Follmann, Erich H.","contributorId":24828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Follmann","given":"Erich","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"York, G.S.","contributorId":103857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooller, M. J.","contributorId":17049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O'Hara, T. M.","contributorId":64610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Hara","given":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030018,"text":"70030018 - 2007 - A catastrophic meltwater flood event and the formation of the Hudson Shelf Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T12:26:30","indexId":"70030018","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A catastrophic meltwater flood event and the formation of the Hudson Shelf Valley","docAbstract":"The Hudson Shelf Valley (HSV) is the largest physiographic feature on the U.S. mid-Atlantic continental shelf. The 150-km long valley is the submerged extension of the ancestral Hudson River Valley that connects to the Hudson Canyon. Unlike other incised valleys on the mid-Atlantic shelf, it has not been infilled with sediment during the Holocene. Analyses of multibeam bathymetry, acoustic backscatter intensity, and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles reveal morphologic and stratigraphic evidence for a catastrophic meltwater flood event that formed the modern HSV. The valley and its distal deposits record a discrete flood event that carved 15-m high banks, formed a 120-km<sup>2</sup> field of 3- to 6-m high bedforms, and deposited a subaqueous delta on the outer shelf. The HSV is inferred to have been carved initially by precipitation and meltwater runoff during the advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, and later by the drainage of early proglacial lakes through stable spillways. A flood resulting from the failure of the terminal moraine dam at the Narrows between Staten Island and Long Island, New York, allowed glacial lakes in the Hudson and Ontario basins to drain across the continental shelf. Water level changes in the Hudson River basin associated with the catastrophic drainage of glacial lakes Iroquois, Vermont, and Albany around 11,450 <sup>14</sup>C year BP (∼ 13,350 cal BP) may have precipitated dam failure at the Narrows. This 3200 km<sup>3</sup> discharge of freshwater entered the North Atlantic proximal to the Gulf Stream and may have affected thermohaline circulation at the onset of the Intra-Allerød Cold Period. Based on bedform characteristics and fluvial morphology in the HSV, the maximum freshwater flux during the flood event is estimated to be ∼ 0.46 Sv for a duration of ∼ 80 days.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.030","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Thieler, E.R., Butman, B., Schwab, W.C., Allison, M.A., Driscoll, N.W., Donnelly, J.P., and Uchupi, E., 2007, A catastrophic meltwater flood event and the formation of the Hudson Shelf Valley: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 246, no. 1, p. 120-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.030.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1630","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson Shelf Valley","volume":"246","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e33be4b0c8380cd45ec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allison, Mead A.","contributorId":81750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"Mead","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Driscoll, Neal W.","contributorId":63266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donnelly, John P. jpdonnelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"John","email":"jpdonnelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":425354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Uchupi, Elazar","contributorId":79853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uchupi","given":"Elazar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030022,"text":"70030022 - 2007 - Forces on stationary particles in near-bed turbulent flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70030022","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forces on stationary particles in near-bed turbulent flows","docAbstract":"In natural flows, bed sediment particles are entrained and moved by the fluctuating forces, such as lift and drag, exerted by the overlying flow on the particles. To develop a better understanding of these forces and the relation of the forces to the local flow, the downstream and vertical components of force on near-bed fixed particles and of fluid velocity above or in front of them were measured synchronously at turbulence-resolving frequencies (200 or 500 Hz) in a laboratory flume. Measurements were made for a spherical test particle fixed at various heights above a smooth bed, above a smooth bed downstream of a downstream-facing step, and in a gravel bed of similarly sized particles as well as for a cubical test particle and 7 natural particles above a smooth bed. Horizontal force was well correlated with downstream velocity and not correlated with vertical velocity or vertical momentum flux. The standard drag formula worked well to predict the horizontal force, but the required value of the drag coefficient was significantly higher than generally used to model bed load motion. For the spheres, cubes, and natural particles, average drag coefficients were found to be 0.76, 1.36, and 0.91, respectively. For comparison, the drag coefficient for a sphere settling in still water at similar particle Reynolds numbers is only about 0.4. The variability of the horizontal force relative to its mean was strongly increased by the presence of the step and the gravel bed. Peak deviations were about 30% of the mean force for the sphere over the smooth bed, about twice the mean with the step, and 4 times it for the sphere protruding roughly half its diameter above the gravel bed. Vertical force correlated poorly with downstream velocity, vertical velocity, and vertical momentum flux whether measured over or ahead of the test particle. Typical formulas for shear-induced lift based on Bernoulli's principle poorly predict the vertical forces on near-bed particles. The measurements suggest that particle-scale pressure variations associated with turbulence are significant in the particle momentum balance. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JF000536","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schmeeckle, M., Nelson, J.M., and Shreve, R., 2007, Forces on stationary particles in near-bed turbulent flows: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 112, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000536.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000536"},{"id":240562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a130ce4b0c8380cd544d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmeeckle, M.W.","contributorId":7461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeeckle","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shreve, R.L.","contributorId":105536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shreve","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030023,"text":"70030023 - 2007 - Distinguishing native (Celastrus scandens L.) and invasive (C. orbiculatus Thunb.) bittersweet species using morphological characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T12:44:32","indexId":"70030023","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2571,"text":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing native (Celastrus scandens L.) and invasive (C. orbiculatus Thunb.) bittersweet species using morphological characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i><span>&nbsp;is an invasive liana in the Eastern United States. Its native congener,&nbsp;</span><i>C. scandens</i><span>, is less common and declining in the Northeast. The correct identification of these two species is often difficult because of their similar vegetative characteristics. Using morphological characteristics of both species growing naturally along a sand dune/forest ecotone, we built models for use in discriminating between the species, given a suite of leaf and fruit traits. We confirmed that the two species can be discriminated effectively using fruit characters, notably fruit volume and seed number. Several leaf traits, such as length-to-width ratio and leaf apex length can also discriminate between the species, but without the same predictive reliability of fruit traits. In addition, we determined that at leaf out in the spring the leaves of the two species were folded differently in the bud allowing them to be successfully discriminated in the early spring. Land managers could use this information to differentiate between the two species in the field and thereby control for the invasive</span><i>C. orbiculatus</i><span>, while preserving remaining populations of&nbsp;</span><i>C. scandens</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Torrey Botanical Society","doi":"10.3159/07-RA-028.1","issn":"10955674","usgsCitation":"Leicht-Young, S.A., Pavlovic, N., Grundel, R., and Frohnapple, K., 2007, Distinguishing native (Celastrus scandens L.) and invasive (C. orbiculatus Thunb.) bittersweet species using morphological characteristics: Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, v. 134, no. 4, p. 441-450, https://doi.org/10.3159/07-RA-028.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"450","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3159/07-RA-028.1"}],"volume":"134","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0251e4b0c8380cd4ffd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leicht-Young, S. A.","contributorId":41648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frohnapple, K.J.","contributorId":13442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohnapple","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030024,"text":"70030024 - 2007 - Dominant factors in controlling marine gas pools in South China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70030024","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1707,"text":"Frontiers of Earth Science in China","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dominant factors in controlling marine gas pools in South China","docAbstract":"In marine strata from Sinian to Middle Triassic in South China, there develop four sets of regional and six sets of local source rocks, and ten sets of reservoir rocks. The occurrence of four main formation periods in association with five main reconstruction periods, results in a secondary origin for the most marine gas pools in South China. To improve the understanding of marine gas pools in South China with severely deformed geological background, the dominant control factors are discussed in this paper. The fluid sources, including the gas cracked from crude oil, the gas dissolved in water, the gas of inorganic origin, hydrocarbons generated during the second phase, and the mixed pool fluid source, were the most significant control factors of the types and the development stage of pools. The period of the pool formation and the reconstruction controlled the pool evolution and the distribution on a regional scale. Owing to the multiple periods of the pool formation and the reconstruction, the distribution of marine gas pools was complex both in space and in time, and the gas in the pools is heterogeneous. Pool elements, such as preservation conditions, traps and migration paths, and reservoir rocks and facies, also served as important control factors to marine gas pools in South China. Especially, the preservation conditions played a key role in maintaining marine oil and gas accumulations on a regional or local scale. According to several dominant control factors of a pool, the pool-controlling model can be constructed. As an example, the pool-controlling model of Sinian gas pool in Weiyuan gas field in Sichuan basin was summed up. ?? Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers of Earth Science in China","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11707-007-0060-z","issn":"16737385","usgsCitation":"Xu, S., and Watney, W., 2007, Dominant factors in controlling marine gas pools in South China: Frontiers of Earth Science in China, v. 1, no. 4, p. 491-497, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-007-0060-z.","startPage":"491","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-007-0060-z"},{"id":240592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03a6e4b0c8380cd505b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, S.","contributorId":84954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watney, W.L.","contributorId":43087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030026,"text":"70030026 - 2007 - Coastal-change impacts during hurricane katrina: an overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T16:53:58","indexId":"70030026","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coastal-change impacts during hurricane katrina: an overview","docAbstract":"As part of an ongoing cooperative effort between USGS, NASA and USACE, the barrier islands within the right-front quadrant of Hurricane Katrina were surveyed with airborne lidar both before and after landfall. Dauphin Island, AL was located the farthest from landfall and wave runup intermittently overtopped its central and western sections. The Gulf-side of the island experienced severe erosion, leaving the first row of houses in the sea, while the bayside accreted. In contrast, the Chandeleur Islands, LA did not experience, this classic `rollover'. Rather, the island chain was completely stripped of sand, transforming a 40-km-long sandy island chain into a discontinuous series of muddy marsh islets. Models indicate that storm surge likely submerged the entire Chandeleur Island chain, at least during the latter part of the storm. The net result was destructive coastal change for the Chandeleur Islands, while Dauphin Island tended to maintain its form through landward migration.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)68","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A., Wright, C.W., and Lillycrop, J., 2007, Coastal-change impacts during hurricane katrina: an overview, <i>in</i> Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 888-896, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)68.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"888","endPage":"896","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213014,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)68"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f794e4b0c8380cd4cbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury","contributorId":83339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lillycrop, Jeff","contributorId":62027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillycrop","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030027,"text":"70030027 - 2007 - Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T10:07:52","indexId":"70030027","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2323,"text":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to assess the geohydrology of fractured crystalline bedrock in 31 of 64 boreholes on the southern part of Manhattan Island, NY in preparation of the construction of a new water tunnel. The study area is located in a highly urbanized part of New York City. The boreholes penetrated gneiss, schist, and other crystalline bedrock that has an overall southwest-to northwest-dipping foliation. Most of the fractures intersected are nearly horizontal or have moderate- to high-angle northwest or eastward dip azimuths. Heat-pulse flowmeter logs obtained under nonpumping (ambient) and pumping conditions, together with other geophysical logs, delineated transmissive fracture zones in each borehole. Water-level and flowmeter data suggest the fractured-rock ground-water-flow system is interconnected. The 60 MHz directional borehole-radar logs delineated the location and orientation of several radar reflectors that did not intersect the projection of the borehole. A total of 53 faults intersected by the boreholes have mean orientation populations of N12°W, 66°W and N11°W, 70°E. A total of 77 transmissive fractures delineated using the heat-pulse flowmeter have mean orientations of N11°E, 14°SE (majority) and N23°E, 57°NW (minority). The transmissivity of the bedrock boreholes ranged from 0.7 to 870 feet squared (ft</span><sup>2</sup><span>) per day (0.07 to 81 metres squared (m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) per day).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1088/1742-2132/4/3/S02","issn":"17422132","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Joesten, P., and Lane, J., 2007, Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods: Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, v. 4, no. 3, p. 245-252, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/4/3/S02.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Manhattan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.02450561523438,\n              40.69938133866613\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.93386840820312,\n              40.69938133866613\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.93386840820312,\n              40.79977641109269\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.02450561523438,\n              40.79977641109269\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.02450561523438,\n              40.69938133866613\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a17a0e4b0c8380cd55578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, F.","contributorId":33928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, A.","contributorId":81697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030029,"text":"70030029 - 2007 - Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70030029","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"The effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow initiation and the hillslope water balance is poorly understood. Previous hillslope hydrological studies at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), Georgia, USA, have assumed that the bedrock underlying the trenched hillslope is effectively impermeable. This paper presents a series of sprinkling experiments where we test the bedrock impermeability hypothesis at the PMRW. Specifically, we quantify the bedrock permeability effects on hillslope subsurface stormflow generation and the hillslope water balance at the PMRW. Five sprinkling experiments were performed by applying 882-1676 mm of rainfall over a ???5.5 m ?? 12 m area on the lower hillslope during ???8 days. In addition to water input and output captured at the trench, we measured transpiration in 14 trees on the slope to close the water balance. Of the 193 mm day-1 applied during the later part of the sprinkling experiments when soil moisture changes were small, < 14 mm day-1 was collected at the trench and <4 mm day-1 was transpired by the trees, with residual bedrock leakage of > 175 mm day-1 (91%). Bedrock moisture was measured at three locations downslope of the water collection system in the trench. Bedrock moisture responded quickly to precipitation in early spring. Peak tracer breakthrough in response to natural precipitation in the bedrock downslope from the trench was delayed only 2 days relative to peak tracer arrival in subsurface stormflow at the trench. Leakage to bedrock influences subsurface stormflow at the storm time-scale and also the water balance of the hillslope. This has important implications for the age and geochemistry of the water and thus how one models this hillslope and watershed. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6265","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Tromp-van, M.H., Peters, N., and McDonnell, J.J., 2007, Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 21, no. 6, p. 750-769, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6265.","startPage":"750","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6265"},{"id":240692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c2e4b0c8380cd50f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tromp-van, Meerveld H. J. H. J.","contributorId":54710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tromp-van","given":"Meerveld","suffix":"H. J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030030,"text":"70030030 - 2007 - Using a coupled eco-hydrodynamic model to predict habitat for target species following dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70030030","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a coupled eco-hydrodynamic model to predict habitat for target species following dam removal","docAbstract":"A habitat suitability index (HSI) model was developed for a water quality sensitive fish (Greater Redhorse) and macroinvertebrate (Plecoptera) species to determine the restoration success of the St. John Dam removal for the Sandusky River (Ohio). An ArcGIS?? model was created for pre- and post-dam removal scenarios. Inputs to the HSI model consist of substrate distributions from river surveys, and water level and velocity time series, outputs from a hydrodynamic model. The ArcGIS?? model predicted habitat suitability indices at 45 river cross-sections in the hydrodynamic model. The model was programmed to produce polygon layers, using graphical user interfaces that were displayed in the ArcGIS?? environment. The results of the model clearly show an increase of habitat suitability from pre- to post-dam removal periods and in the former reservoir. The change in suitability of the model is attributed mostly to the change in depth in the river following the dam removal for both the fish and invertebrate species. The results of the invertebrate model followed the same positive trend as species enumerations from the river basin. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.11.006","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Tomsic, C., Granata, T., Murphy, R., and Livchak, C., 2007, Using a coupled eco-hydrodynamic model to predict habitat for target species following dam removal: Ecological Engineering, v. 30, no. 3, p. 215-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.11.006.","startPage":"215","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.11.006"},{"id":240693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc024e4b08c986b329f5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomsic, C.A.","contributorId":56857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomsic","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granata, T.C.","contributorId":80085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granata","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, R.P.","contributorId":53169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livchak, C.J.","contributorId":46769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livchak","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030033,"text":"70030033 - 2007 - Evidence for prosauropod dinosaur gastroliths in the Bull Run Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:49:12","indexId":"70030033","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for prosauropod dinosaur gastroliths in the Bull Run Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Definitive criteria for distinguishing gastroliths from sedimentary clasts are lacking for many depositional settings, and many reported occurrences of gastroliths either cannot be verified or have been refuted. We discuss four occurrences of gastrolith-like stones (category 6 exoliths) not found within skeletal remains from the Upper Triassic Bull Run Formation of northern Virginia, USA. Despite their lack of obvious skeletal association, the most parsimonious explanation for several characteristics of these stones is their prolonged residence in the gastric mills of large animals. These characteristics include 1) typical gastrolith microscopic surface texture, 2) evidence of pervasive surface wear on many of these stones that has secondarily removed variable amounts of thick weathering rinds typically found on these stones, and 3) a width/length-ratio modal peak for these stones that is more strongly developed than in any population of fluvial or fanglomerate stones of any age found in this region. When taken together, these properties of the stones can be explained most parsimoniously by animal ingestion and gastric-mill abrasion. The size of these stones indicates the animals that swallowed them were large, and the best candidate is a prosauropod dinosaur, possibly an ancestor of the Early Jurassic gastrolith-producing prosauropod<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Massospondylus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>or<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ammosaurus</i>.</p><p>Skeletal evidence for Upper Triassic prosauropods is lacking in the Newark Supergroup basins; footprints (<i>Agrestipus hottoni</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Eubrontes</i><span>&nbsp;</span>isp.) from the Bull Run Formation in the Culpeper basin previously ascribed to prosauropods are now known to be underprints (<i>Brachychirotherium parvum</i>) of an aetosaur and underprints (<i>Kayentapus minor</i>) of a ceratosaur. The absence of prosauropod skeletal remains or footprints in all but the uppermost (upper Rhaetian) Triassic rocks of the Newark Supergroup is puzzling because prosauropod remains are abundant elsewhere in the world in Upper Triassic (Carnian, Norian, and lower Rhaetian) continental strata. The apparent scarcity of prosauropods in Upper Triassic strata of the Newark Supergroup is interpreted as an artifact of ecological partitioning, created by the habitat range and dietary preferences of phytosaurs and by the preservational biases at that time within the lithofacies of the Newark Supergroup basins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420940601050030","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., Culp, M.J., and Wings, O., 2007, Evidence for prosauropod dinosaur gastroliths in the Bull Run Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Virginia: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 14, no. 3-4, p. 271-295, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940601050030.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"295","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"14","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d50e4b0c8380cd52f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culp, Michelle J.","contributorId":80083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Culp","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wings, Oliver","contributorId":49604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wings","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030035,"text":"70030035 - 2007 - A coupled remote sensing and simplified surface energy balance approach to estimate actual evapotranspiration from irrigated fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T14:17:08","indexId":"70030035","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A coupled remote sensing and simplified surface energy balance approach to estimate actual evapotranspiration from irrigated fields","docAbstract":"<p>Accurate crop performance monitoring and production estimation are critical for timely assessment of the food balance of several countries in the world. Since 2001, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) has been monitoring crop performance and relative production using satellite-derived data and simulation models in Africa, Central America, and Afghanistan where ground-based monitoring is limited because of a scarcity of weather stations. The commonly used crop monitoring models are based on a crop water-balance algorithm with inputs from satellite-derived rainfall estimates. These models are useful to monitor rainfed agriculture, but they are ineffective for irrigated areas. This study focused on Afghanistan, where over 80 percent of agricultural production comes from irrigated lands. We developed and implemented a Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model to monitor and assess the performance of irrigated agriculture in Afghanistan using a combination of 1-km thermal data and 250m Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, both from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. We estimated seasonal actual evapotranspiration (ETa) over a period of six years (2000-2005) for two major irrigated river basins in Afghanistan, the Kabul and the Helmand, by analyzing up to 19 cloud-free thermal and NDVI images from each year. These seasonal ETa estimates were used as relative indicators of year-to-year production magnitude differences. The temporal water-use pattern of the two irrigated basins was indicative of the cropping patterns specific to each region. Our results were comparable to field reports and to estimates based on watershed-wide crop water-balance model results. For example, both methods found that the 2003 seasonal ETa was the highest of all six years. The method also captured water management scenarios where a unique year-to-year variability was identified in addition to water-use differences between upstream and downstream basins. A major advantage of the energy-balance approach is that it can be used to quantify spatial extent of irrigated fields and their water-use dynamics without reference to source of water as opposed to a water-balance model which requires knowledge of both the magnitude and temporal distribution of rainfall and irrigation applied to fields. ?? 2007 by MDPI.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/s7060979","issn":"14243210","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Budde, M., Verdin, J., and Melesse, A.M., 2007, A coupled remote sensing and simplified surface energy balance approach to estimate actual evapotranspiration from irrigated fields: Sensors, v. 7, no. 6, p. 979-1000, https://doi.org/10.3390/s7060979.","startPage":"979","endPage":"1000","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s7060979","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e39ee4b0c8380cd46129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budde, Michael 0000-0002-9098-2751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":43572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melesse, Assefa M.","contributorId":45044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melesse","given":"Assefa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7003,"text":"Deprtment of Earth & Environmental ECS 339, Florida Interational University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030038,"text":"70030038 - 2007 - Development of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr based on diatoms and silicoflagellates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T17:49:12.10361","indexId":"70030038","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr based on diatoms and silicoflagellates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detailed diatom and silicoflagellates records in three cores from the offshore region of southern Oregon to central California reveal the evolution of the northern part of the California Current during the past 12,000&nbsp;yr. The early Holocene, prior to ∼</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>9&nbsp;ka, was characterized by relatively warm sea surface temperatures (SST), owing to enhanced northerly flow of the subtropical waters comparable to the modern Davidson Current. Progressive strengthening of the North Pacific High lead to intensification of the southward flow of the California Current at ∼</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>8&nbsp;ka, resulting in increased coastal upwelling and relatively cooler SST which persisted until ∼</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>5&nbsp;ka. Reduced southward flow of the California Current between ∼</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>4.8&nbsp;ka and 3.6&nbsp;ka may have been responsible for a period of decreased upwelling. Modern seasonal oceanographic cycles, as evidenced by increased spring–early summer coastal upwelling and warming of early fall SST evolved between 3.5 and 3.2&nbsp;ka. Widespread occurrence of paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic change between ∼</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>3.5–3.0&nbsp;ka&nbsp;along the eastern margins of the North Pacific was likely a response to increasing ENSO variability in the tropical Pacific.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.12.009","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., and Bukry, D., 2007, Development of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr based on diatoms and silicoflagellates: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 248, no. 3-4, p. 313-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.12.009.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"338","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              43.58039085560784\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.76074218749999,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.62890625,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              39.36827914916014\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51953124999999,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46484375,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05859375,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00292968749999,\n              40.51379915504413\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              43.58039085560784\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"248","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0068e4b0c8380cd4f751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":30980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030039,"text":"70030039 - 2007 - Simple predictions of maximum transport rate in unsaturated soil and rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:16:27","indexId":"70030039","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simple predictions of maximum transport rate in unsaturated soil and rock","docAbstract":"<p><span>In contrast with the extreme variability expected for water and contaminant fluxes in the unsaturated zone, evidence from 64 field tests of preferential flow indicates that the maximum transport speed&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>max</sub><span>, adjusted for episodicity of infiltration, deviates little from a geometric mean of 13 m/d. A model based on constant‐speed travel during infiltration pulses of actual or estimated duration can predict<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>V</i><sub>max</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>with approximate order‐of‐magnitude accuracy, irrespective of medium or travel distance, thereby facilitating such problems as the prediction of worst‐case contaminant traveltimes. The lesser variability suggests that preferential flow is subject to rate‐limiting mechanisms analogous to those that impose a terminal velocity on objects in free fall and to rate‐compensating mechanisms analogous to Le Chatlier's principle. A critical feature allowing such mechanisms to dominate may be the presence of interfacial boundaries confined by neither solid material nor capillary forces.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005372","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2007, Simple predictions of maximum transport rate in unsaturated soil and rock: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 5, W05426; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005372.","productDescription":"W05426; 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005372","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f6ee4b08c986b318f17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030047,"text":"70030047 - 2007 - Thermal criteria for early life stage development of the winged mapleleaf mussel (Quadrilla fragosa)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030047","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal criteria for early life stage development of the winged mapleleaf mussel (Quadrilla fragosa)","docAbstract":"The winged mapleleaf mussel [Quadrula fragosa (Conrad)] is a Federal endangered species. Controlled propagation to aid in recovering this species has been delayed because host fishes for its parasitic glochidia (larvae) are unknown. This study identified blue catfish [Ictaluris furcatus (Lesueur)] and confirmed channel catfish [Ictaluris punctatus (Rafinesque)] as suitable hosts. The time required for glochidia to metamorphose and for peak juvenile excystment to begin was water temperature dependent and ranged from 28 to 37 d in a constant thermal regime (19 C); totaled 70 d in a varied thermal regime (12-19 C); and ranged 260 to 262 d in simulated natural thermal regimes (0-21 C). We developed a quantitative model that describes the thermal-temporal relation and used it to empirically estimate the species-specific low-temperature threshold for development of glochidia into juveniles on channel catfish (9.26 C) and the cumulative temperature units of development required to achieve peak excystment of juveniles from blue catfish (383 C???d) and channel catfish (395 C???d). Long-term tests simulated the development of glochidia into juveniles in natural thermal regimes and consistently affirmed the validity of these estimates, as well as provided evidence for a thermal cue (17-20 C) that presumably is needed to trigger peak juvenile excystment. These findings substantiate our model and provide an approach that could be used to determine corresponding thermal criteria for early life development of other mussel species. These data can be used to improve juvenile mussel production in propagation programs designed to help recover imperiled species and may also be useful in detecting temporal climatic changes within a watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[297:TCFELS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Steingraeber, M., Bartsch, M., Kalas, J., and Newton, T., 2007, Thermal criteria for early life stage development of the winged mapleleaf mussel (Quadrilla fragosa): American Midland Naturalist, v. 157, no. 2, p. 297-311, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[297:TCFELS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"297","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[297:TCFELS]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":240433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb21ae4b08c986b3255d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steingraeber, M.T.","contributorId":106192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalas, J.E.","contributorId":49607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalas","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030048,"text":"70030048 - 2007 - Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030048","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment","docAbstract":"Shale-gas resource plays can be distinguished by gas type and system characteristics. The Newark East gas field, located in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas, is defined by thermogenic gas production from low-porosity and low-permeability Barnett Shale. The Barnett Shale gas system, a self-contained source-reservoir system, has generated large amounts of gas in the key productive areas because of various characteristics and processes, including (1) excellent original organic richness and generation potential; (2) primary and secondary cracking of kerogen and retained oil, respectively; (3) retention of oil for cracking to gas by adsorption; (4) porosity resulting from organic matter decomposition; and (5) brittle mineralogical composition. The calculated total gas in place (GIP) based on estimated ultimate recovery that is based on production profiles and operator estimates is about 204 bcf/section (5.78 ?? 109 m3/1.73 ?? 104 m3). We estimate that the Barnett Shale has a total generation potential of about 609 bbl of oil equivalent/ac-ft or the equivalent of 3657 mcf/ac-ft (84.0 m3/m3). Assuming a thickness of 350 ft (107 m) and only sufficient hydrogen for partial cracking of retained oil to gas, a total generation potential of 820 bcf/section is estimated. Of this potential, approximately 60% was expelled, and the balance was retained for secondary cracking of oil to gas, if sufficient thermal maturity was reached. Gas storage capacity of the Barnett Shale at typical reservoir pressure, volume, and temperature conditions and 6% porosity shows a maximum storage capacity of 540 mcf/ac-ft or 159 scf/ton. Copyright ?? 2007. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/12190606068","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Jarvie, D., Hill, R., Ruble, T., and Pollastro, R.M., 2007, Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 91, no. 4, p. 475-499, https://doi.org/10.1306/12190606068.","startPage":"475","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/12190606068"},{"id":240434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc2ee4b08c986b328aae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvie, D.M.","contributorId":69768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvie","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, R.J.","contributorId":92850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruble, T.E.","contributorId":30402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruble","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollastro, R. M.","contributorId":6809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030050,"text":"70030050 - 2007 - Glacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030050","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise","docAbstract":"The digital elevation model (DEM) from the 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was differenced from a composite DEM based on air photos dating from 1948 to 1987 to detennine glacier volume changes in southeast Alaska and adjoining Canada. SRTM accuracy was assessed at ??5 in through comparison with airborne laser altimetry and control locations measured with GPS. Glacier surface elevations lowered over 95% of the 14,580 km2 glacier-covered area analyzed, with some glaciers thinning as much as 640 in. A combination of factors have contributed to this wastage, including calving retreats of tidewater and lacustrine glaciers and climate change. Many glaciers in this region are particularly sensitive to climate change, as they have large areas at low elevations. However, several tidewater glaciers that had historically undergone calving retreats are now expanding and appear to be in the advancing stage of the tidewater glacier cycle. The net average rate of ice loss is estimated at 16.7 ?? 4.4 km3/yr, equivalent to a global sea level rise contribution of 0.04 ?? 0.01 mm/yr. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JF000586","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Larsen, C., Motyka, R., Arendt, A., Echelmeyer, K., and Geissler, P., 2007, Glacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 112, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000586.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477126,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jf000586","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000586"}],"volume":"112","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2914e4b0c8380cd5a66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, C.F.","contributorId":96091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motyka, R.J.","contributorId":49594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motyka","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arendt, A.A.","contributorId":99379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arendt","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12920,"text":"Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Echelmeyer, K.A.","contributorId":11781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echelmeyer","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geissler, P.E.","contributorId":67636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030052,"text":"70030052 - 2007 - A multi-scale examination of stopover habitat use by birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030052","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-scale examination of stopover habitat use by birds","docAbstract":"Most of our understanding of habitat use by migrating land birds comes from studies conducted at single, small spatial scales, which may overemphasize the importance of intrinsic habitat factors, such as food availability, in shaping migrant distributions. We believe that a multi-scale approach is essential to assess the influence of factors that control en route habitat use. We determined the relative importance of eight variables, each operating at a habitat-patch, landscape, or regional spatial scale, in explaining the differential use of hardwood forests by Nearctic-Neotropical land birds during migration. We estimated bird densities through transect surveys at sites near the Mississippi coast during spring and autumn migration within landscapes with variable amounts of hardwood forest cover. At a regional scale, migrant density increased with proximity to the coast, which was of moderate importance in explaining bird densities, probably due to constraints imposed on migrants when negotiating the Gulf of Mexico. The amount of hardwood forest cover at a landscape scale was positively correlated with arthropod abundance and had the greatest importance in explaining densities of all migrants, as a group, during spring, and of insectivorous migrants during autumn. Among landscape scales ranging from 500 m to 10 km radius, the densities of migrants were, on average, most strongly and positively related to the amount of hardwood forest cover within a 5 km radius. We suggest that hardwood forest cover at this scale may be an indicator of habitat quality that migrants use as a cue when landing at the end of a migratory flight. At the patch scale, direct measures of arthropod abundance and plant community composition were also important in explaining migrant densities, whereas habitat structure was of little importance. The relative amount of fleshy-fruited trees was positively related and was the most important variable explaining frugivorous migrant density during autumn. Although constraints extrinsic to habitat had a moderate role in explaining migrant distributions, our results are consistent with the view that food availability is the ultimate factor shaping the distributions of birds during stopover. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-1871.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Buler, J., Moore, F., and Woltmann, S., 2007, A multi-scale examination of stopover habitat use by birds: Ecology, v. 88, no. 7, p. 1789-1802, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1871.1.","startPage":"1789","endPage":"1802","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212934,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1871.1"},{"id":240502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48be4b0c8380cd466e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buler, J.J.","contributorId":13039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buler","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, F.R.","contributorId":48762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woltmann, S.","contributorId":47588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woltmann","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030054,"text":"70030054 - 2007 - Intertidal sand body migration along a megatidal coast, Kachemak Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T11:29:15.58499","indexId":"70030054","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intertidal sand body migration along a megatidal coast, Kachemak Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>Using a digital video-based Argus Beach Monitoring System (ABMS) on the north shore of Kachemak Bay in south central Alaska, we document the timing and magnitude of alongshore migration of intertidal sand bed forms over a cobble substrate during a 22-month observation period. Two separate sediment packages (sand bodies) of 1–2 m amplitude and ∼200 m wavelength, consisting of well-sorted sand, were observed to travel along shore at annually averaged rates of 278 m/yr (0.76 m/d) and 250 m/yr (0.68 m/d), respectively. Strong seasonality in migration rates was shown by the contrast of rapid winter and slow summer transport. Though set in a megatidal environment, data indicate that sand body migration is driven by eastward propagating wind waves as opposed to net westward directed tidal currents. Greatest weekly averaged rates of movement, exceeding 6 m/d, coincided with wave heights exceeding 2 m suggesting a correlation of wave height and sand body migration. Because Kachemak Bay is partially enclosed, waves responsible for sediment entrainment and transport are locally generated by winds that blow across lower Cook Inlet from the southwest, the direction of greatest fetch. Our estimates of sand body migration translate to a littoral transport rate between 4,400–6,300 m<sup>3</sup>/yr. Assuming an enclosed littoral cell, minimal riverine sediment contributions, and a sea cliff sedimentary fraction of 0.05, we estimate long-term local sea cliff retreat rates of 9–14 cm/yr. Applying a numerical model of wave energy dissipation to the temporally variable beach morphology suggests that sand bodies are responsible for enhancing wave energy dissipation by ∼13% offering protection from sea cliff retreat.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006JF000487","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Adams, P., Ruggiero, P., Schoch, G., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2007, Intertidal sand body migration along a megatidal coast, Kachemak Bay, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 112, no. 2, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000487.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jf000487","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kachemak Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2563599974111,\n              59.992038494693674\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2563599974111,\n              59.23101933680425\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.67500723123885,\n              59.23101933680425\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.67500723123885,\n              59.992038494693674\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2563599974111,\n              59.992038494693674\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3db4e4b0c8380cd63788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, P.N.","contributorId":32721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoch, G.C.","contributorId":101879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoch","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}