Uneven distribution of rainfall and freshwater scarcity in populated areas in the Island of Maui, Hawaii, renders water resources management a challenge in this complex and ill-defined hydrological system. A previous study in the Galapagos Islands suggests that noble gas temperatures (NGTs) record seasonality in that fractured, rapid infiltration groundwater system rather than the commonly observed mean annual air temperature (MAAT) in sedimentary systems where infiltration is slower thus, providing information on recharge sources and potential flow paths. Here we report noble gas results from the basal aquifer, springs, and rainwater in Maui to explore the potential for noble gases in characterizing this type of complex fractured hydrologic systems. Most samples display a mass-dependent depletion pattern with respect to surface conditions consistent with previous observations both in the Galapagos Islands and Michigan rainwater. Basal aquifer and rainwater noble gas patterns are similar and suggest direct, fast recharge from precipitation to the basal aquifer. In contrast, multiple springs, representative of perched aquifers, display highly variable noble gas concentrations suggesting recharge from a variety of sources. The distinct noble gas patterns for the basal aquifer and springs suggest that basal and perched aquifers are separate entities. Maui rainwater displays high apparent NGTs, incompatible with surface conditions, pointing either to an origin at high altitudes with the presence of ice or an ice-like source of undetermined origin. Overall, noble gas signatures in Maui reflect the source of recharge rather than the expected altitude/temperature relationship commonly observed in sedimentary systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2016WR020172","usgsCitation":"Niu, Y., Castro, M.C., Hall, C., Gingerich, S.B., Scholl, M.A., and Warrier, R.B., 2017, Noble gas signatures in the Island of Maui, Hawaii: Characterizing groundwater sources in fractured systems: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 5, p. 3599-3614, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020172.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3599","endPage":"3614","ipdsId":"IP-084259","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.4665985107422,\n 20.89602249058146\n ],\n [\n -156.4734649658203,\n 20.895381004901594\n ],\n [\n -156.47415161132812,\n 20.89794693116885\n ],\n [\n -156.478271484375,\n 20.90436155487339\n ],\n [\n -156.478271484375,\n 20.909493056352524\n ],\n [\n -156.48651123046875,\n 20.913982976117605\n ],\n [\n -156.49543762207028,\n 20.931941310423674\n ],\n [\n -156.5064239501953,\n 20.938995781430904\n ],\n [\n -156.50711059570312,\n 20.946691188951426\n ],\n [\n -156.51397705078125,\n 20.954386200844226\n ],\n [\n -156.52496337890625,\n 20.96721034117117\n ],\n [\n -156.52633666992185,\n 20.978109995719024\n ],\n [\n -156.5215301513672,\n 20.988367767919225\n ],\n [\n -156.5325164794922,\n 20.985803390903044\n ],\n [\n -156.53732299804688,\n 20.993496389857583\n ],\n [\n -156.5448760986328,\n 21.00503514510042\n ],\n [\n -156.5496826171875,\n 21.003112081172876\n ],\n [\n -156.55311584472656,\n 21.007599191785744\n ],\n [\n -156.5572357177734,\n 21.01272715296389\n ],\n [\n -156.56822204589844,\n 21.01272715296389\n ],\n [\n -156.57028198242188,\n 21.016573008161775\n ],\n [\n -156.58401489257812,\n 21.018495898570784\n ],\n [\n -156.58607482910156,\n 21.024264421015996\n ],\n [\n -156.58882141113278,\n 21.030032720249675\n ],\n [\n -156.60255432128906,\n 21.031955437049724\n ],\n [\n -156.61148071289062,\n 21.024264421015996\n ],\n [\n -156.6156005859375,\n 21.026187212230973\n ],\n [\n -156.62933349609375,\n 21.024264421015996\n ],\n [\n -156.63551330566403,\n 21.026187212230973\n ],\n [\n -156.64306640625,\n 21.025546284581797\n ],\n [\n -156.64306640625,\n 21.02105971387801\n ],\n [\n -156.64100646972656,\n 21.013368135716764\n ],\n [\n -156.64993286132812,\n 21.008240196572455\n ],\n [\n -156.654052734375,\n 21.008881198605163\n ],\n [\n -156.66297912597656,\n 21.008240196572455\n ],\n [\n -156.6670989990234,\n 21.008881198605163\n ],\n [\n -156.6705322265625,\n 20.992214250886114\n ],\n [\n -156.67327880859375,\n 20.980674504798554\n ],\n [\n -156.6828918457031,\n 20.971057368824805\n ],\n [\n -156.6863250732422,\n 20.95759233900627\n ],\n [\n -156.6918182373047,\n 20.949897491993305\n ],\n [\n -156.69525146484375,\n 20.928734622854133\n ],\n [\n -156.69662475585938,\n 20.915907186288138\n ],\n [\n -156.69113159179688,\n 20.90756876387173\n ],\n [\n -156.68563842773438,\n 20.9011542773029\n ],\n [\n -156.68495178222656,\n 20.88896599730834\n ],\n [\n -156.6876983642578,\n 20.880626077632385\n ],\n [\n -156.67739868164062,\n 20.869719330060914\n ],\n [\n -156.6698455810547,\n 20.8588117908677\n ],\n [\n -156.65748596191406,\n 20.850470197555488\n ],\n [\n -156.6492462158203,\n 20.83571086093366\n ],\n [\n -156.6375732421875,\n 20.830576839382122\n ],\n [\n -156.6313934326172,\n 20.822233681051998\n ],\n [\n -156.62864685058594,\n 20.815173724636878\n ],\n [\n -156.62452697753906,\n 20.810680852894727\n ],\n [\n -156.61903381347656,\n 20.80682971339111\n ],\n [\n -156.61354064941406,\n 20.80811343748943\n ],\n [\n -156.60530090332028,\n 20.809397150657492\n ],\n [\n -156.5943145751953,\n 20.80041092896474\n ],\n [\n -156.58401489257812,\n 20.794633789415265\n ],\n [\n -156.566162109375,\n 20.790140305709304\n ],\n [\n -156.5503692626953,\n 20.78307884670456\n ],\n [\n -156.533203125,\n 20.77344905211707\n ],\n [\n -156.52359008789062,\n 20.776017057384568\n ],\n [\n -156.51947021484375,\n 20.783720811173954\n ],\n [\n -156.51123046874997,\n 20.790782240145482\n ],\n [\n -156.50299072265625,\n 20.793349950582417\n ],\n [\n -156.49200439453125,\n 20.795917617323646\n ],\n [\n -156.4803314208984,\n 20.793349950582417\n ],\n [\n -156.47003173828125,\n 20.78757254065894\n ],\n [\n -156.4617919921875,\n 20.779868983410857\n ],\n [\n -156.46041870117188,\n 20.768954937841155\n ],\n [\n -156.45973205566406,\n 20.75804010377542\n ],\n [\n -156.45835876464844,\n 20.745840238902257\n ],\n [\n -156.4569854736328,\n 20.73428156445654\n ],\n [\n -156.44874572753903,\n 20.72272200723053\n ],\n [\n -156.44668579101562,\n 20.712446104478243\n ],\n [\n -156.4459991455078,\n 20.69703094374403\n ],\n [\n -156.4453125,\n 20.67454769222922\n ],\n [\n -156.44325256347656,\n 20.655916189788158\n ],\n [\n -156.44325256347656,\n 20.64884847052001\n ],\n [\n -156.45423889160156,\n 20.635997230133626\n ],\n [\n -156.4501190185547,\n 20.62892858514228\n ],\n [\n -156.4398193359375,\n 20.619288994719977\n ],\n [\n -156.43707275390625,\n 20.612862262061494\n ],\n [\n -156.44256591796875,\n 20.607077970830293\n ],\n [\n -156.4405059814453,\n 20.601936194281016\n ],\n [\n -156.43363952636716,\n 20.59743699750536\n ],\n [\n -156.42608642578125,\n 20.594223204225184\n ],\n [\n -156.42127990722656,\n 20.598079748032063\n ],\n [\n -156.41510009765625,\n 20.594865968300553\n ],\n [\n -156.41510009765625,\n 20.587795414459123\n ],\n [\n -156.4130401611328,\n 20.582652987607144\n ],\n [\n -156.4061737060547,\n 20.58136735381002\n ],\n [\n -156.3965606689453,\n 20.57943888280348\n ],\n [\n -156.3896942138672,\n 20.57943888280348\n ],\n [\n -156.38145446777344,\n 20.57879605371868\n ],\n [\n -156.37527465820312,\n 20.57301047011032\n ],\n [\n -156.36085510253906,\n 20.576224710301645\n ],\n [\n -156.35536193847653,\n 20.57943888280348\n ],\n [\n -156.34986877441406,\n 20.582652987607144\n ],\n [\n -156.34368896484375,\n 20.580724532849207\n ],\n [\n -156.33819580078125,\n 20.580724532849207\n ],\n [\n -156.33201599121094,\n 20.580724532849207\n ],\n [\n -156.3196563720703,\n 20.58329580044333\n ],\n [\n -156.3093566894531,\n 20.58136735381002\n ],\n [\n -156.2963104248047,\n 20.58136735381002\n ],\n [\n -156.2853240966797,\n 20.58586702470395\n ],\n [\n -156.2798309326172,\n 20.591009343206874\n ],\n [\n -156.2702178955078,\n 20.594223204225184\n ],\n [\n -156.26266479492188,\n 20.5967942442688\n ],\n [\n -156.2523651123047,\n 20.60129346001501\n ],\n [\n -156.24069213867188,\n 20.607077970830293\n ],\n [\n -156.22695922851562,\n 20.61093418938578\n ],\n [\n -156.21871948242188,\n 20.619288994719977\n ],\n [\n -156.2084197998047,\n 20.622502259344817\n ],\n [\n -156.19056701660156,\n 20.626358087378694\n ],\n [\n -156.1823272705078,\n 20.623144904132328\n ],\n [\n -156.1761474609375,\n 20.622502259344817\n ],\n [\n -156.16928100585938,\n 20.61993165306969\n ],\n [\n -156.16241455078125,\n 20.6205743087071\n ],\n [\n -156.15142822265625,\n 20.623787546207165\n ],\n [\n -156.14456176757812,\n 20.623787546207165\n ],\n [\n -156.13975524902344,\n 20.619288994719977\n ],\n [\n -156.12808227539062,\n 20.623144904132328\n ],\n [\n -156.11846923828125,\n 20.628285964771113\n ],\n [\n -156.1109161376953,\n 20.6379249854131\n ],\n [\n -156.10198974609375,\n 20.639852716264365\n ],\n [\n -156.0882568359375,\n 20.646278309318564\n ],\n [\n -156.07864379882812,\n 20.649491004032\n ],\n [\n -156.07315063476562,\n 20.646920853691828\n ],\n [\n -156.06491088867188,\n 20.646278309318564\n ],\n [\n -156.0443115234375,\n 20.652703630858085\n ],\n [\n -156.04156494140625,\n 20.661698624736722\n ],\n [\n -156.038818359375,\n 20.671335527266795\n ],\n [\n -156.02508544921875,\n 20.67840220048287\n ],\n [\n -156.01203918457028,\n 20.682256610866506\n ],\n [\n -156.0051727294922,\n 20.68739567244324\n ],\n [\n -155.9941864013672,\n 20.698957924554925\n ],\n [\n -155.98388671875,\n 20.71694189770087\n ],\n [\n -155.9804534912109,\n 20.73235503287884\n ],\n [\n -155.98114013671872,\n 20.745840238902257\n ],\n [\n -155.97564697265625,\n 20.763818643539885\n ],\n [\n -155.98800659179688,\n 20.779868983410857\n ],\n [\n -155.9996795654297,\n 20.793349950582417\n ],\n [\n -156.02783203124997,\n 20.80618784724327\n ],\n [\n -156.04293823242185,\n 20.80875529543977\n ],\n [\n -156.0546112060547,\n 20.809397150657492\n ],\n [\n -156.0724639892578,\n 20.822875478868443\n ],\n [\n -156.08551025390625,\n 20.82800976296467\n ],\n [\n -156.0985565185547,\n 20.827367987023376\n ],\n [\n -156.1150360107422,\n 20.827367987023376\n ],\n [\n -156.1164093017578,\n 20.835069117813337\n ],\n [\n -156.11915588378906,\n 20.840844707411332\n ],\n [\n -156.12464904785156,\n 20.842128141671328\n ],\n [\n -156.12464904785156,\n 20.851111875004094\n ],\n [\n -156.13769531249997,\n 20.86266160095456\n ],\n [\n -156.1479949951172,\n 20.867152921456803\n ],\n [\n -156.15142822265625,\n 20.863303226384982\n ],\n [\n -156.16378784179688,\n 20.863944849076905\n ],\n [\n -156.16722106933594,\n 20.871644107752903\n ],\n [\n -156.21459960937497,\n 20.908851628268945\n ],\n [\n -156.21459960937497,\n 20.913982976117605\n ],\n [\n -156.21734619140625,\n 20.917189979347988\n ],\n [\n -156.2248992919922,\n 20.915265785641992\n ],\n [\n -156.22764587402344,\n 20.923603779980727\n ],\n [\n -156.23382568359375,\n 20.93514792934728\n ],\n [\n -156.25030517578125,\n 20.940919670394646\n ],\n [\n -156.2530517578125,\n 20.93514792934728\n ],\n [\n -156.26609802246094,\n 20.939637080498844\n ],\n [\n -156.27090454101562,\n 20.93578924489374\n ],\n [\n -156.27914428710938,\n 20.94604992010052\n ],\n [\n -156.3072967529297,\n 20.941560961222393\n ],\n [\n -156.31622314453125,\n 20.94604992010052\n ],\n [\n -156.32171630859375,\n 20.94604992010052\n ],\n [\n -156.33201599121094,\n 20.94412609706403\n ],\n [\n -156.34300231933594,\n 20.939637080498844\n ],\n [\n -156.35879516601562,\n 20.936430557693942\n ],\n [\n -156.37115478515622,\n 20.92937596585931\n ],\n [\n -156.3745880126953,\n 20.92488650717012\n ],\n [\n -156.3855743408203,\n 20.918472761430806\n ],\n [\n -156.3958740234375,\n 20.915907186288138\n ],\n [\n -156.41441345214844,\n 20.910134481692683\n ],\n [\n -156.42471313476562,\n 20.910775904289324\n ],\n [\n -156.43295288085935,\n 20.90436155487339\n ],\n [\n -156.44668579101562,\n 20.899229877849546\n ],\n [\n -156.4665985107422,\n 20.89602249058146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b1e4b044b359e4868a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niu, Yi","contributorId":191972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niu","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castro, M. Clara","contributorId":191973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Chris M.","contributorId":191974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Chris M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warrier, Rohit B.","contributorId":191975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warrier","given":"Rohit","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187641,"text":"70187641 - 2017 - Similarity of plant functional traits and aggregation pattern in a subtropical forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T13:17:13","indexId":"70187641","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Similarity of plant functional traits and aggregation pattern in a subtropical forest","docAbstract":"The distribution of species and communities in relation to environmental heterogeneity is a central focus in ecology. Co-occurrence of species with similar functional traits is an indication that communities are determined in part by environmental filters. However, few studies have been designed to test how functional traits are selectively filtered by environmental conditions at local scales. Exploring the relationship between soil characteristics and plant traits is a step toward understanding the filtering hypothesis in determining plant distribution at local scale. Toward this end, we mapped all individual trees (diameter >1 cm) in a one-ha subtropical forest of China in 2007 and 2015. We measured topographic and detailed soil properties within the field site, as well as plant leaf functional traits and demographic rates of the seven most common tree species. A second one-ha study plot was established in 2015, to test and validate the general patterns that were drawn from first plot. We found that variation in species distribution at local scale can be explained by soil heterogeneity and plant functional traits. (From first plot). (1) Species dominant in habitats with high soil ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus tended to have high specific leaf area (SLA) and relative growth rate (RGR). (2) Species dominant in low-fertility habitats tended to have high leaf dry matter content (LDMC), ratio of chlorophyll a and b (ratioab), and leaf thickness (LT). The hypothesis that functional traits are selected in part by environmental filters and determine plant distribution at local scale was confirmed by the data of the first plot and a second regional site showed similar species distribution patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2973","usgsCitation":"Zhang, B., Lu, X., Jiang, J., DeAngelis, D.L., Fu, Z., and Zhang, J., 2017, Similarity of plant functional traits and aggregation pattern in a subtropical forest: Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 12, p. 4086-4098, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2973.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4086","endPage":"4098","ipdsId":"IP-083929","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2973","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Zhejiang Province","otherGeospatial":"Fengyang Mountain National Natural Reserve","volume":"7","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b3e4b044b359e4868e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Bo","contributorId":146526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Bo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16714,"text":"Dept. of Biology, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Xiaozhen","contributorId":191967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Xiaozhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":191968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fu, Zhiyuan","contributorId":191969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Zhiyuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Jinchi","contributorId":191970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jinchi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187564,"text":"70187564 - 2017 - Use of erroneous wolf generation time in assessments of domestic dog and human evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T10:02:37","indexId":"70187564","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of erroneous wolf generation time in assessments of domestic dog and human evolution","docAbstract":"Scientific interest in dog domestication and parallel evolution of dogs and humans (Wang et al. 2013) has increased recently (Freedman et al. 2014, Larson and Bradley 2014, Franz et al. 2016,), and various important conclusions have been drawn based on how long ago the calculations show dogs were domesticated from ancestral wolves (Canis lupus). Calculation of this duration is based on “the most commonly assumed mutation rate of 1 x 10-8 per generation and a 3-year gray wolf generation time . . .” (Skoglund et al. 2015:3). It is unclear on what information the assumed generation time is based, but Ersmark et al. (2016) seemed to have based their assumption on a single wolf (Mech and Seal 1987). The importance of assuring that such assumptions are valid is obvious. Recently, two independent studies employing three large data sets and three methods from two widely separated areas have found that wolf generation time is 4.2-4.7 years. The first study, based on 200 wolves in Yellowstone National Park used age-specific birth and death rates to calculate a generation time of 4.16 years (vonHoldt et al. 2008). The second, using estimated first-breeding times of 86 female wolves in northeastern Minnesota found a generation time of 4.3 years and using uterine examination of 159 female wolves from throughout Minnesota yielded a generation time of 4.7 years (Mech et al. 2016). We suggest that previous studies using a 3-year generation time recalculate their figures and adjust their conclusions based on these generation times and publish revised results.
Estimating thermal performance of organisms is critical for understanding population distributions and dynamics and predicting responses to climate change. Typically, performance curves are estimated using laboratory studies to isolate temperature effects, but other abiotic and biotic factors influence temperature-performance relationships in nature reducing these models' predictive ability. We present a model for estimating thermal performance curves from repeated field observations that includes environmental and individual variation. We fit the model in a Bayesian framework using MCMC sampling, which allowed for estimation of unobserved latent growth while propagating uncertainty. Fitting the model to simulated data varying in sampling design and parameter values demonstrated that the parameter estimates were accurate, precise, and unbiased. Fitting the model to individual growth data from wild trout revealed high out-of-sample predictive ability relative to laboratory-derived models, which produced more biased predictions for field performance. The field-based estimates of thermal maxima were lower than those based on laboratory studies. Under warming temperature scenarios, field-derived performance models predicted stronger declines in body size than laboratory-derived models, suggesting that laboratory-based models may underestimate climate change effects. The presented model estimates true, realized field performance, avoiding assumptions required for applying laboratory-based models to field performance, which should improve estimates of performance under climate change and advance thermal ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1801","usgsCitation":"Childress, E., and Letcher, B.H., 2017, Estimating thermal performance curves from repeated field observations: Ecology, v. 98, no. 5, p. 1377-1387, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1801.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1377","endPage":"1387","ipdsId":"IP-082628","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9afe4b044b359e48684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childress, Evan 0000-0001-8632-3078 echildress@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-3078","contributorId":191994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"Evan","email":"echildress@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin H. 0000-0003-0191-5678 bletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":149617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","email":"bletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186810,"text":"sir20175018 - 2017 - Evaluation of radon occurrence in groundwater from 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania, 1986–2015, with application to potential radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T10:56:21","indexId":"sir20175018","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5018","title":"Evaluation of radon occurrence in groundwater from 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania, 1986–2015, with application to potential radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air","docAbstract":"Results from 1,041 groundwater samples collected during 1986‒2015 from 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania, associated with 25 or more groundwater samples with concentrations of radon-222, were evaluated in an effort to identify variations in radon-222 activities or concentrations and to classify potential radon-222 exposure from groundwater and indoor air. Radon-222 is hereafter referred to as “radon.” Radon concentrations in groundwater greater than or equal to the proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) for public-water supply systems of 300 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) were present in about 87 percent of the water samples, whereas concentrations greater than or equal to the proposed alternative MCL (AMCL) for public water-supply systems of 4,000 pCi/L were present in 14 percent. The highest radon concentrations were measured in groundwater from the schists, gneisses, and quartzites of the Piedmont Physiographic Province.
In this study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Health and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, groundwater samples were aggregated among 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania to identify units with high median radon concentrations in groundwater. Graphical plots and statistical tests were used to determine variations in radon concentrations in groundwater and indoor air. Median radon concentrations in groundwater samples and median radon concentrations in indoor air samples within the 16 geologic units were classified according to proposed and recommended regulatory limits to explore potential radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air. All of the geologic units, except for the Allegheny (Pa) and Glenshaw (Pcg) Formations in the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province, had median radon concentrations greater than the proposed EPA MCL of 300 pCi/L, and the Peters Creek Schist (Xpc), which is in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, had a median radon concentration greater than the EPA proposed AMCL of 4,000 pCi/L. Median concentrations of radon in groundwater and indoor air were determined to differ significantly among the geologic units (Kruskal-Wallis test, significance probability, p<0.001), and Tukey’s test indicated that radon concentrations in groundwater and indoor air in the Peters Creek Schist (Xpc) were significantly higher than those in the other units. Also, the Peters Creek Schist (Xpc) was determined to be the area with highest potential of radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air and one of two units with the highest percentage of population assumed to be using domestic self-supplied water (81 percent), which puts the population at greater potential of exposure to radon from groundwater.
Potential radon exposure determined from classification of geologic units by median radon concentrations in groundwater and indoor air according to proposed and recommended regulatory limits is useful for drawing general conclusions about the presence, variation, and potential radon exposure in specific geologic units, but the associated data and maps have limitations. The aggregated indoor air radon data have spatial accuracy limitations owing to imprecision of geocoded test locations. In addition, the associated data describing geologic units and the public water supplier’s service areas have spatial and interpretation accuracy limitations. As a result, data and maps associated with this report are not recommended for use in predicting individual concentrations at specific sites nor for use as a decision-making tool for property owners to decide whether to test for radon concentrations at specific locations. Instead, the data and maps are meant to promote awareness regarding potential radon exposure in Pennsylvania and to point out data gaps that exist throughout the State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Health and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Gross, E.L., 2017, Evaluation of radon occurrence in groundwater from 16 geologic units in Pennsylvania, 1986–2015, with application to potential radon exposure from groundwater and indoor air: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5018, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175018.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-081317","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5018/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":340851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PR7T74","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release"},{"id":339921,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5018/sir20175018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.916171,39.720893],[-80.075947,39.72135],[-80.421388,39.721189],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.519423,39.806181],[-80.518891,39.890964],[-80.519248,39.936967],[-80.51896,40.078089],[-80.519039,40.342101],[-80.517991,40.367968],[-80.51769,40.462467],[-80.51899,40.473667],[-80.519002,40.877543],[-80.519891,40.906661],[-80.519091,40.921061],[-80.518928,41.070954],[-80.519144,41.171203],[-80.518693,41.248855],[-80.518993,41.268155],[-80.518794,41.305509],[-80.519129,41.312408],[-80.519345,41.340145],[-80.518993,41.435454],[-80.519339,41.539297],[-80.519425,41.977522],[-80.435451,42.005611],[-80.409776,42.011578],[-80.373066,42.024102],[-80.371869,42.023966],[-80.363251,42.027973],[-80.349169,42.030243],[-80.329976,42.036168],[-80.296758,42.049076],[-80.230486,42.077957],[-80.188085,42.094257],[-80.165884,42.105857],[-80.154084,42.114757],[-80.136213,42.149937],[-80.13043,42.156331],[-80.117368,42.166341],[-80.088512,42.173184],[-80.077388,42.171262],[-80.073381,42.168658],[-80.080028,42.163625],[-80.071981,42.155357],[-80.078781,42.151457],[-80.076281,42.147857],[-80.07198,42.146057],[-80.06108,42.144857],[-79.989186,42.177051],[-79.931324,42.206737],[-79.923924,42.207546],[-79.90105,42.216701],[-79.886187,42.224933],[-79.867979,42.230999],[-79.844661,42.235486],[-79.798447,42.255939],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.762152,42.243054],[-79.761759,42.162675],[-79.762122,42.131246],[-79.761709,42.11899],[-79.761798,42.019042],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.670128,41.999335],[-79.472472,41.998255],[-79.249772,41.998807],[-79.17857,41.999458],[-79.061265,41.999259],[-78.983065,41.998949],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-78.749754,41.998109],[-78.59665,41.999877],[-78.308128,41.999415],[-78.271204,41.998968],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.031177,41.999415],[-77.997508,41.998758],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-77.505308,42.00007],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.063676,42.000461],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-76.749675,42.001689],[-76.558118,42.000155],[-76.462155,41.998934],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.131201,41.998954],[-75.98025,41.999035],[-75.870677,41.998828],[-75.742217,41.997864],[-75.610316,41.99896],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-75.353504,41.99711],[-75.346568,41.995324],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.337791,41.984386],[-75.34246,41.974303],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.339488,41.970786],[-75.335771,41.970315],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.322384,41.961693],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.310358,41.949012],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.301664,41.94838],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.301593,41.952811],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.29858,41.954521],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.29143,41.952477],[-75.291762,41.947092],[-75.290966,41.945039],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.277243,41.933598],[-75.276501,41.926679],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.275368,41.919564],[-75.269736,41.911363],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.272581,41.893168],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.267789,41.885982],[-75.263005,41.885109],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.258439,41.875087],[-75.261488,41.873277],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.263673,41.868105],[-75.262802,41.866213],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.257825,41.862154],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.248045,41.8633],[-75.243345,41.866875],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.238743,41.865699],[-75.234565,41.861569],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.22572,41.857481],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.220125,41.860534],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.209741,41.86925],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.197836,41.868807],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.191441,41.865063],[-75.190203,41.862454],[-75.188888,41.861264],[-75.186993,41.860109],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.183937,41.860515],[-75.182271,41.862198],[-75.180497,41.86568],[-75.179134,41.869935],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.174574,41.87266],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.169142,41.87029],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.166217,41.853862],[-75.164168,41.851586],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.156512,41.848327],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.143824,41.851737],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.127913,41.844903],[-75.118789,41.845819],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.114399,41.843583],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.113441,41.836298],[-75.114998,41.8303],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.114837,41.82567],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.093537,41.813375],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.085789,41.811626],[-75.079818,41.814815],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.074409,41.815088],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.071751,41.811901],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.074412,41.802191],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.07827,41.797467],[-75.081415,41.796483],[-75.088328,41.797534],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.102329,41.786503],[-75.103548,41.782008],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.104334,41.772693],[-75.103492,41.771238],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.09281,41.768361],[-75.079478,41.771205],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.074231,41.770518],[-75.072664,41.768807],[-75.068567,41.767298],[-75.064901,41.766686],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.052808,41.744725],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053527,41.72715],[-75.049699,41.715093],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.050689,41.711969],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.061174,41.712935],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.068642,41.710146],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.067278,41.705434],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.056745,41.695703],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.051234,41.682439],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052653,41.678436],[-75.058765,41.674412],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.05843,41.669653],[-75.057251,41.668933],[-75.053991,41.668194],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.048683,41.656317],[-75.049281,41.641862],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.048199,41.632011],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.045508,41.616203],[-75.047298,41.615791],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.051856,41.618157],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.06156,41.616429],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.059956,41.612306],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.062716,41.609639],[-75.067795,41.610143],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.074626,41.607905],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.066955,41.599428],[-75.063677,41.594739],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.052858,41.587772],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.043879,41.575094],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.036989,41.567049],[-75.033162,41.565092],[-75.029211,41.564637],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.016328,41.546501],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.017626,41.542734],[-75.022828,41.541456],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.024757,41.535099],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.023018,41.533147],[-75.016616,41.53211],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.009552,41.528461],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.001297,41.52065],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.000935,41.517638],[-75.002592,41.51456],[-75.003706,41.511118],[-75.003694,41.509295],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-74.999612,41.5074],[-74.993893,41.508754],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-74.985653,41.507926],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.982385,41.500981],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.982463,41.496467],[-74.985247,41.489113],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.985004,41.483703],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.981652,41.479945],[-74.969887,41.477438],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.956411,41.476735],[-74.94808,41.480625],[-74.945634,41.483213],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.926835,41.478327],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.917282,41.477041],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.908133,41.468117],[-74.908103,41.464639],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.9042,41.459806],[-74.895069,41.45819],[-74.892114,41.456959],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.889116,41.452534],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.894931,41.446099],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.896025,41.439987],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.876721,41.440338],[-74.864688,41.443993],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.8542,41.443166],[-74.848602,41.440179],[-74.845572,41.437577],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.834635,41.430796],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.828592,41.430698],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.82288,41.436792],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.812123,41.442982],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.805655,41.442101],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.80037,41.43606],[-74.800095,41.432661],[-74.799546,41.43129],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.793856,41.422671],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.784339,41.422397],[-74.778029,41.425104],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.77065,41.42623],[-74.763701,41.423612],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.754359,41.425147],[-74.75068,41.427984],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.740932,41.43116],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.736688,41.429228],[-74.735519,41.427465],[-74.734893,41.425818],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738684,41.413463],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.741717,41.40788],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.738554,41.401191],[-74.736103,41.398398],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.730384,41.39566],[-74.720891,41.39469],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.713411,41.389814],[-74.710391,41.382102],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.703282,41.375093],[-74.694968,41.370431],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.689516,41.363843],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691076,41.36034],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-74.700595,41.354553],[-74.704429,41.354043],[-74.708514,41.352734],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.730373,41.345983],[-74.735622,41.346518],[-74.753239,41.346122],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.760325,41.340325],[-74.763499,41.331568],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.771588,41.325079],[-74.774887,41.324326],[-74.781584,41.324229],[-74.789095,41.323281],[-74.792116,41.322465],[-74.79504,41.320407],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.792377,41.314088],[-74.791991,41.311639],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.806858,41.303155],[-74.812033,41.298157],[-74.815703,41.296151],[-74.821884,41.293838],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.834067,41.281111],[-74.838366,41.277286],[-74.841137,41.27098],[-74.846319,41.263077],[-74.846506,41.261576],[-74.845031,41.258055],[-74.845883,41.254945],[-74.846932,41.253318],[-74.848987,41.251192],[-74.854669,41.25051],[-74.856003,41.250094],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.861678,41.241575],[-74.862049,41.237609],[-74.866182,41.232132],[-74.867405,41.22777],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.860837,41.222317],[-74.859323,41.220507],[-74.859632,41.219077],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.867287,41.208754],[-74.874034,41.198543],[-74.878275,41.190489],[-74.878492,41.187504],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.889424,41.1736],[-74.899701,41.166181],[-74.901172,41.16387],[-74.90178,41.161394],[-74.905256,41.155668],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.931141,41.133387],[-74.945067,41.129052],[-74.947714,41.126292],[-74.947334,41.124439],[-74.947912,41.12356],[-74.964294,41.114237],[-74.966298,41.113669],[-74.969312,41.113869],[-74.972917,41.113327],[-74.979873,41.110423],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.991718,41.092284],[-74.991815,41.089132],[-74.991013,41.088578],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.984782,41.088545],[-74.981314,41.08986],[-74.975298,41.094073],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.969434,41.096074],[-74.967464,41.095327],[-74.966759,41.093425],[-74.968389,41.087797],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.98259,41.079172],[-74.989332,41.078319],[-74.994847,41.076556],[-74.999617,41.073943],[-75.006376,41.067546],[-75.011133,41.067521],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-75.015271,41.061215],[-75.015867,41.05821],[-75.017239,41.055491],[-75.019186,41.052968],[-75.025702,41.046482],[-75.026376,41.04444],[-75.02543,41.04071],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.030701,41.038416],[-75.034496,41.036755],[-75.040668,41.031755],[-75.070532,41.01862],[-75.074999,41.01713],[-75.081101,41.016838],[-75.089787,41.014549],[-75.090312,41.013302],[-75.095556,41.008874],[-75.100682,41.006716],[-75.109114,41.004102],[-75.110595,41.002174],[-75.123423,40.996129],[-75.127196,40.993954],[-75.130575,40.991093],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.13153,40.984914],[-75.132106,40.982566],[-75.133086,40.980179],[-75.135521,40.976865],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.13378,40.970973],[-75.131364,40.969277],[-75.129074,40.968976],[-75.122603,40.970152],[-75.120514,40.968369],[-75.11977,40.96651],[-75.12065,40.964028],[-75.119893,40.961646],[-75.118904,40.956361],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.111683,40.948111],[-75.106153,40.939671],[-75.105524,40.936294],[-75.095526,40.924152],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.076956,40.90988],[-75.076092,40.907042],[-75.075188,40.900154],[-75.075957,40.895694],[-75.07534,40.894162],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.065438,40.885682],[-75.062149,40.882289],[-75.058655,40.877654],[-75.053664,40.87366],[-75.051508,40.870224],[-75.050839,40.868067],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.053294,40.8599],[-75.060491,40.85302],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.066014,40.847591],[-75.07083,40.847392],[-75.073544,40.84894],[-75.076684,40.849875],[-75.090962,40.849187],[-75.095784,40.847082],[-75.097221,40.844672],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.097572,40.840967],[-75.097006,40.839336],[-75.09494,40.837103],[-75.085517,40.830085],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.083929,40.824471],[-75.085387,40.821972],[-75.090518,40.815913],[-75.096147,40.812211],[-75.098279,40.810286],[-75.100277,40.807578],[-75.100739,40.805488],[-75.100165,40.803],[-75.100277,40.801176],[-75.1008,40.799797],[-75.108505,40.791094],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.116842,40.78935],[-75.123088,40.786746],[-75.125867,40.784026],[-75.131465,40.77595],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.1344,40.773765],[-75.139106,40.773606],[-75.149378,40.774786],[-75.16365,40.778386],[-75.169523,40.778473],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.173349,40.776129],[-75.17562,40.772923],[-75.176855,40.768721],[-75.177477,40.764225],[-75.17904,40.761897],[-75.183037,40.759344],[-75.191796,40.75583],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.196861,40.750097],[-75.196325,40.747137],[-75.195349,40.745473],[-75.18578,40.737266],[-75.182804,40.73365],[-75.182084,40.731522],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.186372,40.72397],[-75.189412,40.71797],[-75.192612,40.715874],[-75.19442,40.714018],[-75.19872,40.705298],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.20092,40.685498],[-75.19692,40.681299],[-75.19058,40.679379],[-75.184516,40.679971],[-75.180564,40.679363],[-75.177587,40.677731],[-75.176803,40.675715],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.182756,40.665971],[-75.18794,40.663811],[-75.190852,40.661939],[-75.196676,40.655123],[-75.200452,40.649219],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.193492,40.642275],[-75.192276,40.640803],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-75.189283,40.621492],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.197891,40.619332],[-75.200708,40.618356],[-75.201812,40.617188],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.198499,40.611492],[-75.195923,40.606788],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.190146,40.590359],[-75.190796,40.586838],[-75.194656,40.58194],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.194046,40.576256],[-75.192352,40.574257],[-75.186737,40.569406],[-75.183151,40.567354],[-75.175307,40.564996],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.162871,40.564096],[-75.158446,40.565286],[-75.147368,40.573152],[-75.141906,40.575273],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.110903,40.570671],[-75.100325,40.567811],[-75.0957,40.564401],[-75.078503,40.548296],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.067257,40.539584],[-75.066426,40.536619],[-75.06509,40.526148],[-75.065853,40.519495],[-75.066001,40.510716],[-75.065275,40.504682],[-75.062373,40.491689],[-75.061937,40.486362],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.064327,40.476795],[-75.067776,40.472827],[-75.06805,40.468578],[-75.067302,40.464954],[-75.070568,40.456348],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.067425,40.448323],[-75.062923,40.433407],[-75.061489,40.422848],[-75.058848,40.418065],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.046473,40.413792],[-75.043071,40.411603],[-75.041651,40.409894],[-75.036616,40.406796],[-75.028315,40.403883],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.017221,40.404638],[-75.003351,40.40785],[-74.998651,40.410093],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-74.988901,40.408773],[-74.985467,40.405935],[-74.982735,40.404432],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.965508,40.397337],[-74.963997,40.395246],[-74.953697,40.376081],[-74.948722,40.364768],[-74.946006,40.357306],[-74.945088,40.347332],[-74.943776,40.342564],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.933111,40.333106],[-74.92681,40.329406],[-74.91741,40.322406],[-74.90831,40.316907],[-74.90331,40.315607],[-74.896409,40.315107],[-74.891609,40.313007],[-74.887109,40.310307],[-74.880609,40.305607],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.860492,40.284584],[-74.856508,40.277407],[-74.853108,40.269707],[-74.846608,40.258808],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.836307,40.246208],[-74.823907,40.241508],[-74.819507,40.238508],[-74.795306,40.229408],[-74.781206,40.221508],[-74.77136,40.215399],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.766905,40.207709],[-74.760605,40.198909],[-74.756905,40.189409],[-74.755605,40.186709],[-74.754305,40.185209],[-74.751705,40.183309],[-74.744105,40.181009],[-74.737205,40.177609],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-74.722304,40.160609],[-74.721504,40.158409],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.722604,40.15001],[-74.724304,40.14701],[-74.725663,40.145495],[-74.740605,40.13521],[-74.742905,40.13441],[-74.745905,40.13421],[-74.755305,40.13471],[-74.758882,40.134036],[-74.762864,40.132541],[-74.769488,40.129145],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.785106,40.12031],[-74.788706,40.12041],[-74.800607,40.12281],[-74.812807,40.12691],[-74.816307,40.12761],[-74.819007,40.12751],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.825907,40.12391],[-74.828408,40.12031],[-74.832808,40.11171],[-74.835108,40.10391],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.843408,40.09771],[-74.851108,40.09491],[-74.854409,40.09311],[-74.856509,40.09131],[-74.858209,40.08881],[-74.859809,40.08491],[-74.860909,40.08371],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.880209,40.07881],[-74.88781,40.07581],[-74.909011,40.07021],[-74.911911,40.06991],[-74.920811,40.07111],[-74.925311,40.07071],[-74.932211,40.068411],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.974713,40.048711],[-74.983913,40.042711],[-74.989914,40.037311],[-75.007914,40.023111],[-75.011115,40.021311],[-75.015515,40.019511],[-75.039316,40.013012],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-75.051217,40.004512],[-75.059017,39.992512],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.088618,39.975212],[-75.093718,39.974412],[-75.108119,39.970312],[-75.11922,39.965412],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.13012,39.958712],[-75.13352,39.954412],[-75.13572,39.947112],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.13502,39.927312],[-75.13282,39.921612],[-75.13012,39.917013],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13082,39.900213],[-75.13342,39.896213],[-75.140221,39.888213],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.150721,39.882713],[-75.183023,39.882013],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.195324,39.877013],[-75.210425,39.865913],[-75.221025,39.861113],[-75.235026,39.856613],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.271159,39.84944],[-75.293376,39.848782],[-75.309674,39.850179],[-75.323232,39.849812],[-75.330433,39.849012],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.3544,39.839917],[-75.371835,39.827612],[-75.390536,39.815312],[-75.403737,39.807512],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.428038,39.809212],[-75.45374,39.820312],[-75.463341,39.823812],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.498843,39.833312],[-75.518444,39.836311],[-75.539346,39.838211],[-75.570464,39.839007],[-75.579849,39.838526],[-75.593666,39.837455],[-75.617251,39.833999],[-75.634706,39.830164],[-75.641518,39.828363],[-75.662822,39.82115],[-75.685991,39.811054],[-75.701208,39.802606],[-75.716969,39.791998],[-75.727049,39.784126],[-75.736489,39.775759],[-75.744394,39.767855],[-75.753066,39.757631],[-75.760346,39.747231],[-75.766058,39.737811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.998649,39.721576],[-76.013067,39.72192],[-76.233259,39.721305],[-76.715594,39.721103],[-76.8901,39.720401],[-76.936601,39.720701],[-76.990903,39.7198],[-77.058204,39.7202],[-77.534758,39.720134],[-77.724115,39.720894],[-77.874719,39.722219],[-78.330715,39.722689],[-78.337111,39.722461],[-78.438839,39.722481],[-78.461422,39.722869],[-78.537702,39.72249],[-78.546415,39.722869],[-78.575893,39.722561],[-78.723529,39.723043],[-79.045548,39.722883],[-79.548465,39.720778],[-79.610623,39.721245],[-79.763774,39.720776],[-79.916171,39.720893]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pennsylvania\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Coastal wetlands significantly contribute to global carbon storage potential. Sea-level rise and other climate change-induced disturbances threaten coastal wetland sustainability and carbon storage capacity. It is critical that we understand the mechanisms controlling wetland carbon loss so that we can predict and manage these resources in anticipation of climate change. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms that control soil organic matter decomposition, in particular the impacts of elevated salinity, are limited, and literature reports are contradictory. In an attempt to improve our understanding of these complex processes, we measured root and rhizome decomposition and developed a causal model to identify and quantify the mechanisms that influence soil organic matter decomposition in coastal wetlands that are impacted by sea-level rise. We identified three causal pathways: 1) a direct pathway representing the effects of flooding on soil moisture, 2) a direct pathway representing the effects of salinity on decomposer microbial communities and soil biogeochemistry, and 3) an indirect pathway representing the effects of salinity on litter quality through changes in plant community composition over time. We used this model to test the effects of alternate scenarios on the response of tidal freshwater forested wetlands and oligohaline marshes to short- and long-term climate-induced disturbances of flooding and salinity. In tidal freshwater forested wetlands, the model predicted less decomposition in response to drought, hurricane salinity pulsing, and long-term sea-level rise. In contrast, in the oligohaline marsh, the model predicted no change in response to sea-level rise, and increased decomposition following a drought or a hurricane salinity pulse. Our results show that it is critical to consider the temporal scale of disturbance and the magnitude of exposure when assessing the effects of salinity intrusion on carbon mineralization in coastal wetlands. Here we identify three causal mechanisms that can reconcile disparities between long-term and short-term salinity impacts on organic matter decomposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1890","usgsCitation":"Stagg, C.L., Schoolmaster, D., Krauss, K.W., Cormier, N., and Conner, W.H., 2017, Causal mechanisms of soil organic matter decomposition: Deconstructing salinity and flooding impacts in coastal wetlands: Ecology, v. 98, no. 8, p. 2003-2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1890.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2003","endPage":"2018","ipdsId":"IP-080130","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154630e4b01a342e6912d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoolmaster, Donald 0000-0003-0910-4458 schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458","contributorId":156350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoolmaster","given":"Donald","email":"schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cormier, Nicole 0000-0003-2453-9900 cormiern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-9900","contributorId":4262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"Nicole","email":"cormiern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conner, William H.","contributorId":79376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187611,"text":"70187611 - 2017 - Variable terrestrial GPS telemetry detection rates: Addressing the probability of successful acquisitions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:21:27","indexId":"70187611","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable terrestrial GPS telemetry detection rates: Addressing the probability of successful acquisitions","docAbstract":"Studies using global positioning system (GPS) telemetry rarely result in 100% fix success rates (FSR), which may bias datasets because data loss is systematic rather than a random process. Previous spatially explicit models developed to correct for sampling bias have been limited to small study areas, a small range of data loss, or were study-area specific. We modeled environmental effects on FSR from desert to alpine biomes, investigated the full range of potential data loss (0–100% FSR), and evaluated whether animal body position can contribute to lower FSR because of changes in antenna orientation based on GPS detection rates for 4 focal species: cougars (Puma concolor), desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Terrain exposure and height of over story vegetation were the most influential factors affecting FSR. Model evaluation showed a strong correlation (0.88) between observed and predicted FSR and no significant differences between predicted and observed FSRs using 2 independent validation datasets. We found that cougars and canyon-dwelling bighorn sheep may select for environmental features that influence their detectability by GPS technology, mule deer may select against these features, and elk appear to be nonselective. We observed temporal patterns in missed fixes only for cougars. We provide a model for cougars, predicting fix success by time of day that is likely due to circadian changes in collar orientation and selection of daybed sites. We also provide a model predicting the probability of GPS fix acquisitions given environmental conditions, which had a strong relationship (r 2 = 0.82) with deployed collar FSRs across species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.758","usgsCitation":"Ironside, K.E., Mattson, D.J., Choate, D., Stoner, D., Arundel, T.R., Hansen, J.R., Theimer, T., Holton, B., Jansen, B., Sexton, J.O., Longshore, K.M., Edwards, T.C., and Peters, M., 2017, Variable terrestrial GPS telemetry detection rates: Addressing the probability of successful acquisitions: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 41, no. 2, p. 329-341, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.758.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"341","ipdsId":"IP-055599","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/5007fd72bf21419c89d80ab4052700e0","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1PT2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Variable Terrestrial GPS Telemetry Detection Rates: Parts 1 - 7Data"},{"id":341101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154632e4b01a342e6912da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ironside, Kirsten E. 0000-0003-1166-3793 kironside@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-3793","contributorId":3379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ironside","given":"Kirsten","email":"kironside@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choate, David","contributorId":172339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choate","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoner, David","contributorId":191912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoner","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arundel, Terence R. 0000-0003-0324-4249 tarundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-4249","contributorId":139242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terence","email":"tarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, Jered R.","contributorId":191913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Jered","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Theimer, Tad","contributorId":191914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theimer","given":"Tad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Holton, Brandon","contributorId":191915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holton","given":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jansen, Brian","contributorId":191917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jansen","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sexton, Joseph O.","contributorId":191918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Longshore, Kathleen M. 0000-0001-6621-1271 longshore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1271","contributorId":2677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"Kathleen","email":"longshore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":2061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Peters, Michael","contributorId":191919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70187639,"text":"70187639 - 2017 - Impact of tile drainage on evapotranspiration in South Dakota, USA, based on high spatiotemporal resolution evapotranspiration time series from a multi-satellite data fusion system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T10:04:07","indexId":"70187639","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of tile drainage on evapotranspiration in South Dakota, USA, based on high spatiotemporal resolution evapotranspiration time series from a multi-satellite data fusion system","docAbstract":"Soil drainage is a widely used agricultural practice in the midwest USA to remove excess soil water to potentially improve the crop yield. Research shows an increasing trend in baseflow and streamflow in the midwest over the last 60 years, which may be related to artificial drainage. Subsurface drainage (i.e., tile) in particular may have strongly contributed to the increase in these flows, because of its extensive use and recent gain in the popularity as a yield-enhancement practice. However, how evapotranspiration (ET) is impacted by tile drainage on a regional level is not well-documented. To explore spatial and temporal ET patterns and their relationship to tile drainage, we applied an energy balance-based multisensor data fusion method to estimate daily 30-m ET over an intensively tile-drained area in South Dakota, USA, from 2005 to 2013. Results suggest that tile drainage slightly decreases the annual cumulative ET, particularly during the early growing season. However, higher mid-season crop water use suppresses the extent of the decrease of the annual cumulative ET that might be anticipated from widespread drainage. The regional water balance analysis during the growing season demonstrates good closure, with the average residual from 2005 to 2012 as low as -3 mm. As an independent check of the simulated ET at the regional scale, the water balance analysis lends additional confidence to the study. The results of this study improve our understanding of the influence of agricultural drainage practices on regional ET, and can affect future decision making regarding tile drainage systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2680411","usgsCitation":"Yang, Y., Anderson, M.C., Gao, F., Hain, C., Kustas, W.P., Meyers, T.P., Crow, W., Finocchiaro, R.G., Otkin, J., Sun, L., and Yang, Y., 2017, Impact of tile drainage on evapotranspiration in South Dakota, USA, based on high spatiotemporal resolution evapotranspiration time series from a multi-satellite data fusion system: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 10, no. 6, p. 2250-2564, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2680411.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2250","endPage":"2564","ipdsId":"IP-079712","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/470bf08e5c7a445296ba2463f1e54c42","text":"External Repository"},{"id":341160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154631e4b01a342e6912d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Yun","contributorId":191965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Martha C.","contributorId":96579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gao, Feng 0000-0002-1865-2846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-2846","contributorId":70671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hain, Christopher","contributorId":191966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hain","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16239,"text":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kustas, William P.","contributorId":29962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kustas","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyers, Tilden P.","contributorId":146138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyers","given":"Tilden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16598,"text":"NOAA/ATDD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Finocchiaro, Raymond G. rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","contributorId":3673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"Raymond","email":"rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Crow, Wade","contributorId":94563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crow","given":"Wade","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Otkin, Jason","contributorId":106176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otkin","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sun, Liang","contributorId":119410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Liang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Yang, Yang","contributorId":85292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70187617,"text":"70187617 - 2017 - Poroelastic properties of the Arbuckle Group in Oklahoma derived from well fluid level response to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee and 7 November 2016 Mw 5.0 Cushing earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:22:36","indexId":"70187617","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Poroelastic properties of the Arbuckle Group in Oklahoma derived from well fluid level response to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee and 7 November 2016 Mw 5.0 Cushing earthquakes","docAbstract":"The Arbuckle Group (Arbuckle) is a basal sedimentary unit that is the primary target for saltwater disposal in Oklahoma. Thus, the reservoir characteristics of the Arbuckle, including how the poroelastic properties change laterally and over time are of significant interest. We report observations of fluid level changes in two monitoring wells in response to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee and the 7 November 2016 Mw 5.0 Cushing earthquakes. We investigate the relationship between static strain resulting from these events and the fluid level changes observed in the wells. We model the fluid level response by estimating static strains from a set of earthquake source parameters and spatiotemporal poroelastic properties of the Arbuckle in the neighborhood of the monitoring wells. Results suggest that both the direction of the observed fluid level step and the amplitude can be predicted from the computed volumetric strain change and a reasonable set of poroelastic parameters. Modeling results indicate that poroelastic parameters differ at the time of the Pawnee and Cushing earthquakes, with a moderately higher Skempton’s coefficient required to fit the response to the Cushing earthquake. This may indicate that dynamic shaking resulted in physical alteration of the Arbuckle at distances up to ∼50 km from the Pawnee earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220160228","usgsCitation":"Kroll, K.A., Cochran, E.S., and Murray, K., 2017, Poroelastic properties of the Arbuckle Group in Oklahoma derived from well fluid level response to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee and 7 November 2016 Mw 5.0 Cushing earthquakes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 88, no. 4, p. 963-970, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160228.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"963","endPage":"970","ipdsId":"IP-082784","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Cushing, Pawnee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.75,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 35.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154632e4b01a342e6912d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroll, Kayla A.","contributorId":146335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kroll","given":"Kayla","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6984,"text":"UC Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Kyle E.","contributorId":31825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Kyle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187622,"text":"70187622 - 2017 - Persistence of native and exotic plants 10 years after prairie reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T12:09:39","indexId":"70187622","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of native and exotic plants 10 years after prairie reconstruction","docAbstract":"Prairie reconstructions are a critical component of preservation of the imperiled tallgrass prairie ecosystem in the Midwestern United States. Sustainability of this endeavor depends on establishment of persistent cover of planted native species and resistance to noxious weeds. The goal of this study was to understand the influence of early reconstruction practices on long-term outcomes. Twelve replicates of three planting methods (dormant-season broadcast, growing-season broadcast, and growing-season drill) and three seed mix richness levels (10, 20, or 34 species), fully crossed in a completely randomized design were planted in 2005 on nine former agricultural fields located in Iowa and Minnesota. Cover by species was estimated in 2005–2007, 2010, and 2015. In 2015, cover of planted species, native nonplanted species, and exotic species were similar to those recorded in 2010. Cover of the noxious weed Cirsium arvense had also declined by an average of 49% without herbicide from a peak in 2007 to low stable levels from 2010 to 2015. Richness of planted forbs, on the other hand, were still increasing in high-richness broadcast treatments (e.g. 17–59% increase 2010–1015 in Minnesota). Two results in 2015 are reasons for concern: cover of planted species is only slightly over 50% in both Minnesota and Iowa, though with forbs still increasing, this may improve; and the cool-season exotic grasses Poa pratensis and Bromus inermis are increasing at both Minnesota and Iowa sites. Control of these invasive grasses will be necessary, but care will be needed to avoid negative impacts of control methods on natives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12521","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., Bright, J.B., Drobney, P., Larson, J.L., and Vacek, S., 2017, Persistence of native and exotic plants 10 years after prairie reconstruction: Restoration Ecology, v. 25, no. 6, p. 953-961, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12521.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"961","ipdsId":"IP-079026","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70C4SZ0","text":"Persistence of native and exotic plants ten years after prairie reconstruction data set"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59154631e4b01a342e6912d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bright, J. B.","contributorId":178443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drobney, Pauline","contributorId":178447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drobney","given":"Pauline","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, Jennifer L.","contributorId":178444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vacek, Sara","contributorId":178445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacek","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178728,"text":"sir20165156 - 2017 - Magnitude of flood flows for selected annual exceedance probabilities for streams in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:40:49","indexId":"sir20165156","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-10T17:10:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5156","title":"Magnitude of flood flows for selected annual exceedance probabilities for streams in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Transportation, determined the magnitude of flood flows at selected annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) at streamgages in Massachusetts and from these data developed equations for estimating flood flows at ungaged locations in the State. Flood magnitudes were determined for the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent AEPs at 220 streamgages, 125 of which are in Massachusetts and 95 are in the adjacent States of Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. AEP flood flows were computed for streamgages using the expected moments algorithm weighted with a recently computed regional skewness coefficient for New England.
Regional regression equations were developed to estimate the magnitude of floods for selected AEP flows at ungaged sites from 199 selected streamgages and for 60 potential explanatory basin characteristics. AEP flows for 21 of the 125 streamgages in Massachusetts were not used in the final regional regression analysis, primarily because of regulation or redundancy. The final regression equations used generalized least squares methods to account for streamgage record length and correlation. Drainage area, mean basin elevation, and basin storage explained 86 to 93 percent of the variance in flood magnitude from the 50- to 0.2-percent AEPs, respectively. The estimates of AEP flows at streamgages can be improved by using a weighted estimate that is based on the magnitude of the flood and associated uncertainty from the at-site analysis and the regional regression equations. Weighting procedures for estimating AEP flows at an ungaged site on a gaged stream also are provided that improve estimates of flood flows at the ungaged site when hydrologic characteristics do not abruptly change.
Urbanization expressed as the percentage of imperviousness provided some explanatory power in the regional regression; however, it was not statistically significant at the 95-percent confidence level for any of the AEPs examined. The effect of urbanization on flood flows indicates a complex interaction with other basin characteristics. Another complicating factor is the assumption of stationarity, that is, the assumption that annual peak flows exhibit no significant trend over time. The results of the analysis show that stationarity does not prevail at all of the streamgages. About 27 percent of streamgages in Massachusetts and about 42 percent of streamgages in adjacent States with 20 or more years of systematic record used in the study show a significant positive trend at the 95-percent confidence level. The remaining streamgages had both positive and negative trends, but the trends were not statistically significant. Trends were shown to vary over time. In particular, during the past decade (2004–2013), peak flows were persistently above normal, which may give the impression of positive trends. Only continued monitoring will provide the information needed to determine whether recent increases in annual peak flows are a normal oscillation or a true trend.
The analysis used 37 years of additional data obtained since the last comprehensive study of flood flows in Massachusetts. In addition, new methods for computing flood flows at streamgages and regionalization improved estimates of flood magnitudes at gaged and ungaged locations and better defined the uncertainty of the estimates of AEP floods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., 2017, Magnitude of flood flows at selected annual exceedance probabilities for streams in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5156, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165156.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 54 p.; Tables; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065274","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341058,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156_table11.csv","text":"Table 11","size":"47.9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- Magnitude and variance of selected flood flows"},{"id":340869,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156_table03.xlsx","text":"Table 3 ","size":"122 KB ","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5156 Table 3","linkHelpText":"- Flood flows for Massachusetts and adjacent States through water year 2013"},{"id":340871,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156_table11.xlsx","text":"Table 11","size":"105 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5156 Table 11","linkHelpText":"- Magnitude and variance of selected flood flows"},{"id":340872,"rank":10,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156_table13.xlsx","text":"Table 13","size":"55.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5156 Table 13","linkHelpText":"- Comparison of newly estimated flood flows to prior studies"},{"id":341060,"rank":11,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156_table13.csv","text":"Table 13","size":"28.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- Comparison of newly estimated flood flows to prior studies"},{"id":341047,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156_table03.csv","text":"Table 3 ","size":"85.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- Flood flows for Massachusetts and adjacent States through water year 2013"},{"id":340865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":340867,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156_appendix03.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3 ","size":"92.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5156 Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"- Workbook for estimating flood flows at gaged and ungaged sites in Massachusetts "},{"id":340870,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156_table04.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"71.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5156 Table 4","linkHelpText":"- Streamgage and basin characteristics"},{"id":341059,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156_table04.csv","text":"Table 4 ","size":"30.1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- Streamgage and basin characteristics"},{"id":340866,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5156/sir20165156.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5156"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.827398,41.602067],[-70.823735,41.598569],[-70.820918,41.587673],[-70.821001,41.587268],[-70.821743,41.583656],[-70.82191,41.582841],[-70.830087,41.585385],[-70.837632,41.595374],[-70.838147,41.596056],[-70.838452,41.59646],[-70.834529,41.60261],[-70.832044,41.606504],[-70.831802,41.606272],[-70.828025,41.602666],[-70.827398,41.602067]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.57485,41.468259],[-70.567356,41.471208],[-70.56328,41.469127],[-70.553277,41.452955],[-70.552943,41.443394],[-70.555588,41.430882],[-70.553096,41.423952],[-70.547567,41.415831],[-70.538301,41.409241],[-70.528581,41.4051],[-70.517584,41.403769],[-70.506984,41.400242],[-70.502372,41.392005],[-70.501306,41.385391],[-70.498959,41.384339],[-70.490758,41.383634],[-70.484503,41.38629],[-70.472604,41.399128],[-70.473035,41.408757],[-70.470788,41.412875],[-70.463833,41.419145],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.446233,41.39648],[-70.449268,41.380422],[-70.448262,41.353651],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.496162,41.346452],[-70.538294,41.348958],[-70.599157,41.349272],[-70.709826,41.341723],[-70.733253,41.336226],[-70.747541,41.329952],[-70.764188,41.318706],[-70.768015,41.311959],[-70.766166,41.308962],[-70.768687,41.303702],[-70.775665,41.300982],[-70.802083,41.314207],[-70.819415,41.327212],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.833802,41.353386],[-70.812309,41.355745],[-70.800289,41.3538],[-70.783291,41.347829],[-70.774974,41.349176],[-70.768901,41.353246],[-70.729225,41.397728],[-70.724366,41.398942],[-70.712432,41.40885],[-70.711493,41.41546],[-70.701378,41.430925],[-70.686881,41.441334],[-70.64933,41.461068],[-70.603555,41.482384],[-70.598444,41.481151],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.082072,41.299093],[-70.062565,41.308726],[-70.046088,41.321651],[-70.031332,41.339332],[-70.028805,41.359919],[-70.030924,41.367453],[-70.035162,41.372161],[-70.038458,41.376399],[-70.045586,41.383598],[-70.049564,41.3879],[-70.049053,41.391702],[-70.033514,41.385816],[-70.018446,41.36863],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-69.964422,41.25457],[-69.965725,41.252466],[-69.975,41.247392],[-70.001586,41.239353],[-70.015225,41.237964],[-70.052807,41.242685],[-70.083239,41.2444],[-70.096967,41.24085],[-70.118669,41.242351],[-70.170681,41.255881],[-70.237175,41.282724],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.266776,41.294453],[-70.273478,41.301528],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.260632,41.310092],[-70.249276,41.305623],[-70.244435,41.303203],[-70.240153,41.295384],[-70.229541,41.290171],[-70.20869,41.290171],[-70.196304,41.294612],[-70.12446,41.293851],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-73.022903,42.741133],[-72.930261,42.73916],[-72.809113,42.736581],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.285954,42.721631],[-72.282981,42.721557],[-72.124526,42.717636],[-71.981402,42.713294],[-71.928811,42.712234],[-71.898716,42.71142],[-71.745817,42.707287],[-71.636214,42.704888],[-71.631814,42.704788],[-71.542533,42.702672],[-71.351874,42.698154],[-71.330206,42.69719],[-71.294205,42.69699],[-71.278929,42.711258],[-71.267905,42.72589],[-71.255605,42.736389],[-71.25518,42.73665],[-71.245504,42.742589],[-71.233404,42.745489],[-71.223904,42.746689],[-71.208302,42.743314],[-71.208227,42.743294],[-71.208137,42.743273],[-71.181803,42.73759],[-71.186104,42.790689],[-71.174403,42.801589],[-71.167703,42.807389],[-71.165603,42.808689],[-71.149703,42.815489],[-71.132503,42.821389],[-71.116048,42.817751],[-71.064201,42.806289],[-71.053601,42.833089],[-71.047501,42.844089],[-71.044401,42.848789],[-71.031201,42.859089],[-70.9665,42.868989],[-70.949199,42.876089],[-70.931699,42.884189],[-70.930799,42.884589],[-70.927629,42.885326],[-70.914899,42.886589],[-70.914886,42.886564],[-70.902768,42.88653],[-70.886136,42.88261],[-70.848625,42.860939],[-70.837376,42.864996],[-70.830795,42.868918],[-70.821769,42.87188],[-70.817296,42.87229],[-70.817731,42.850613],[-70.80522,42.781798],[-70.792867,42.747118],[-70.772267,42.711064],[-70.770453,42.704824],[-70.778552,42.69852],[-70.778671,42.693622],[-70.764421,42.68565],[-70.748752,42.683878],[-70.744427,42.682092],[-70.72982,42.669602],[-70.728845,42.663877],[-70.689402,42.653319],[-70.682594,42.654525],[-70.681594,42.662342],[-70.663548,42.677603],[-70.645101,42.689423],[-70.630077,42.692699],[-70.620031,42.688006],[-70.622864,42.67599],[-70.623815,42.665481],[-70.622791,42.660873],[-70.61482,42.65765],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.591742,42.648508],[-70.591469,42.639821],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-70.605611,42.634898],[-70.61842,42.62864],[-70.635635,42.600243],[-70.654727,42.582234],[-70.664887,42.580436],[-70.668022,42.581732],[-70.668115,42.585361],[-70.668488,42.589643],[-70.670442,42.592249],[-70.672583,42.594296],[-70.675747,42.594669],[-70.678819,42.594389],[-70.681428,42.593173],[-70.684502,42.588858],[-70.698574,42.577393],[-70.729688,42.57151],[-70.737044,42.576863],[-70.757283,42.570455],[-70.804091,42.561595],[-70.815391,42.554195],[-70.823291,42.551495],[-70.848492,42.550195],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-70.872357,42.542952],[-70.866279,42.522617],[-70.859751,42.520441],[-70.857125,42.521492],[-70.842091,42.519495],[-70.831091,42.503596],[-70.835991,42.490496],[-70.841591,42.487596],[-70.847391,42.491496],[-70.857791,42.490296],[-70.879692,42.478796],[-70.886493,42.470197],[-70.887992,42.467096],[-70.887292,42.464896],[-70.894292,42.460896],[-70.908092,42.466896],[-70.917693,42.467996],[-70.921993,42.466696],[-70.934993,42.457896],[-70.934264,42.444646],[-70.933155,42.437833],[-70.928226,42.430986],[-70.913192,42.427697],[-70.908392,42.425197],[-70.901992,42.420297],[-70.905692,42.416197],[-70.936393,42.418097],[-70.943295,42.436248],[-70.943612,42.452092],[-70.94702,42.456236],[-70.96047,42.446166],[-70.960647,42.443787],[-70.960835,42.441272],[-70.982994,42.423996],[-70.987694,42.416696],[-70.990595,42.407098],[-70.989195,42.402598],[-70.985068,42.402041],[-70.983426,42.396246],[-70.980336,42.391513],[-70.972706,42.389968],[-70.970195,42.388036],[-70.97174,42.387071],[-70.972513,42.385042],[-70.972706,42.381759],[-70.972223,42.377316],[-70.960798,42.360648],[-70.953292,42.349698],[-70.953022,42.343973],[-70.963578,42.34686],[-70.972418,42.353875],[-70.974897,42.355843],[-70.979927,42.356382],[-70.982282,42.35592],[-70.998253,42.352788],[-71.006877,42.347039],[-71.010146,42.339234],[-71.011804,42.335274],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-71.013165,42.315419],[-71.005399,42.307196],[-71.000948,42.302483],[-71.006158,42.28811],[-71.0049,42.28272],[-70.996097,42.271222],[-70.98909,42.267449],[-70.967351,42.268168],[-70.948971,42.272505],[-70.945547,42.269081],[-70.935886,42.264189],[-70.923169,42.263211],[-70.910941,42.265412],[-70.906302,42.271636],[-70.896267,42.2851],[-70.895778,42.292436],[-70.897123,42.29586],[-70.915588,42.302463],[-70.91749,42.305686],[-70.907556,42.307889],[-70.882764,42.30886],[-70.881242,42.300663],[-70.870873,42.285668],[-70.861807,42.275965],[-70.851093,42.26827],[-70.831075,42.267424],[-70.824661,42.265935],[-70.811742,42.262935],[-70.788724,42.25392],[-70.780722,42.251792],[-70.770964,42.249197],[-70.764757,42.244062],[-70.754488,42.228673],[-70.74723,42.221816],[-70.73056,42.21094],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.718707,42.184853],[-70.714301,42.168783],[-70.706264,42.163137],[-70.685315,42.133025],[-70.663931,42.108336],[-70.640169,42.088633],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.647349,42.076331],[-70.64819,42.068441],[-70.643208,42.050821],[-70.644337,42.045895],[-70.650874,42.046247],[-70.66936,42.037116],[-70.671666,42.02139],[-70.667512,42.01232],[-70.670934,42.007786],[-70.678798,42.00551],[-70.686798,42.012764],[-70.695809,42.013346],[-70.712204,42.007586],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.698981,41.987103],[-70.662476,41.960592],[-70.651673,41.958701],[-70.648365,41.961672],[-70.631251,41.950475],[-70.623513,41.943273],[-70.616491,41.940204],[-70.608166,41.940701],[-70.598078,41.947772],[-70.583572,41.950007],[-70.552941,41.929641],[-70.546386,41.916751],[-70.54741,41.911934],[-70.545949,41.907158],[-70.532084,41.889568],[-70.525567,41.85873],[-70.535487,41.839381],[-70.542065,41.831263],[-70.543168,41.824446],[-70.54103,41.815754],[-70.537289,41.810859],[-70.532656,41.804796],[-70.517411,41.790953],[-70.494048,41.773883],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.412476,41.744397],[-70.375341,41.738779],[-70.290957,41.734312],[-70.275203,41.726143],[-70.272289,41.721346],[-70.263654,41.714115],[-70.259205,41.713954],[-70.23485,41.733733],[-70.216073,41.742981],[-70.189254,41.751982],[-70.182076,41.750885],[-70.141533,41.760072],[-70.121978,41.758841],[-70.096061,41.766549],[-70.064314,41.772845],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.003842,41.80852],[-70.004486,41.838826],[-70.009013,41.876625],[-70.000188,41.886938],[-70.002922,41.890315],[-70.012154,41.891656],[-70.024335,41.89882],[-70.025553,41.911699],[-70.030537,41.929154],[-70.044995,41.930049],[-70.054464,41.927366],[-70.065671,41.911658],[-70.065723,41.899641],[-70.065372,41.887702],[-70.064084,41.878924],[-70.066002,41.877011],[-70.067566,41.877793],[-70.070889,41.882973],[-70.073039,41.899783],[-70.074006,41.93865],[-70.077421,41.985497],[-70.083775,42.012041],[-70.089578,42.024896],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.10806,42.043601],[-70.123043,42.051668],[-70.148294,42.06195],[-70.155415,42.062409],[-70.169781,42.059736],[-70.178468,42.05642],[-70.186816,42.05045],[-70.194456,42.03947],[-70.195345,42.034163],[-70.193074,42.027576],[-70.186295,42.021308],[-70.186708,42.019904],[-70.190834,42.020028],[-70.196693,42.022429],[-70.208016,42.03073],[-70.218701,42.045848],[-70.233256,42.057714],[-70.238875,42.060479],[-70.24354,42.060569],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.238087,42.072878],[-70.225626,42.078601],[-70.206899,42.0819],[-70.189305,42.082337],[-70.160166,42.078628],[-70.115968,42.067638],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-70.058531,42.040363],[-70.033501,42.017736],[-70.011898,41.98972],[-69.986085,41.949597],[-69.968598,41.9117],[-69.945314,41.845222],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.928652,41.74125],[-69.928261,41.6917],[-69.933114,41.670014],[-69.947599,41.645394],[-69.951169,41.640799],[-69.958272,41.639429],[-69.963234,41.633794],[-69.967869,41.627503],[-69.976478,41.603664],[-69.982768,41.581812],[-69.988215,41.554704],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.004136,41.54212],[-70.011504,41.542924],[-70.014456,41.545534],[-70.016584,41.550772],[-70.015059,41.553037],[-70.010644,41.552692],[-70.00153,41.561953],[-69.994357,41.576846],[-69.987192,41.608579],[-69.973035,41.641046],[-69.973153,41.646963],[-69.975719,41.653738],[-69.996359,41.667184],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.014211,41.671971],[-70.029346,41.667744],[-70.055523,41.664843],[-70.089238,41.662813],[-70.140877,41.650423],[-70.158621,41.650438],[-70.191061,41.645259],[-70.245867,41.628479],[-70.25621,41.620698],[-70.25542,41.617541],[-70.259601,41.610863],[-70.265424,41.609333],[-70.267587,41.610912],[-70.269687,41.617775],[-70.26913,41.625742],[-70.274522,41.632927],[-70.28132,41.635125],[-70.29062,41.635196],[-70.321588,41.630508],[-70.329924,41.634578],[-70.338067,41.636338],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.360352,41.631069],[-70.364892,41.626721],[-70.364744,41.623671],[-70.369854,41.615888],[-70.379151,41.611361],[-70.400581,41.606382],[-70.408535,41.607345],[-70.437246,41.605329],[-70.445289,41.591815],[-70.461278,41.57182],[-70.476256,41.558502],[-70.485571,41.554244],[-70.493244,41.552044],[-70.522327,41.548965],[-70.559689,41.54833],[-70.611081,41.542989],[-70.633607,41.538254],[-70.643627,41.532357],[-70.654104,41.519025],[-70.663856,41.514031],[-70.669518,41.513339],[-70.675379,41.512623],[-70.705181,41.496677],[-70.734306,41.486335],[-70.757171,41.469917],[-70.756481,41.465977],[-70.760863,41.460947],[-70.79027,41.446339],[-70.817478,41.445562],[-70.835867,41.441877],[-70.857528,41.425767],[-70.866946,41.422378],[-70.902763,41.421061],[-70.928197,41.415781],[-70.937282,41.411618],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.951045,41.411777],[-70.949861,41.415323],[-70.928165,41.431265],[-70.923698,41.430716],[-70.918983,41.4253],[-70.91164,41.424484],[-70.906011,41.425708],[-70.883247,41.432239],[-70.855265,41.448892],[-70.828546,41.456448],[-70.802186,41.460864],[-70.787769,41.474609],[-70.775268,41.477465],[-70.753905,41.492256],[-70.745053,41.500966],[-70.6948,41.52564],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.654302,41.549926],[-70.655365,41.557498],[-70.653899,41.56516],[-70.64878,41.56987],[-70.642748,41.572385],[-70.640948,41.577325],[-70.64204,41.583066],[-70.652449,41.60521],[-70.651986,41.610184],[-70.640003,41.624616],[-70.645251,41.633547],[-70.652614,41.637829],[-70.650419,41.644202],[-70.638695,41.649427],[-70.637632,41.654573],[-70.646308,41.678433],[-70.649285,41.680943],[-70.661475,41.681756],[-70.645962,41.693794],[-70.62544,41.698691],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-70.626529,41.712995],[-70.642914,41.71841],[-70.644641,41.71898],[-70.651093,41.715715],[-70.656596,41.715401],[-70.670453,41.721912],[-70.708193,41.730959],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-70.726331,41.732731],[-70.728933,41.723433],[-70.721302,41.712968],[-70.717451,41.69398],[-70.719575,41.685002],[-70.729395,41.68814],[-70.744396,41.696967],[-70.755347,41.694326],[-70.761481,41.676808],[-70.76236,41.667735],[-70.758198,41.661225],[-70.757622,41.654265],[-70.765463,41.641575],[-70.769318,41.641145],[-70.773654,41.645033],[-70.775798,41.649145],[-70.776709,41.650756],[-70.809118,41.656437],[-70.813286,41.65567],[-70.815729,41.652796],[-70.816351,41.645995],[-70.804664,41.641157],[-70.800215,41.631753],[-70.801063,41.629513],[-70.810279,41.624873],[-70.835296,41.624532],[-70.843177,41.628487],[-70.843522,41.62866],[-70.843528,41.628663],[-70.844165,41.628983],[-70.852518,41.626919],[-70.855031,41.624283],[-70.855162,41.624145],[-70.854232,41.618429],[-70.854211,41.618302],[-70.853445,41.613592],[-70.850181,41.593529],[-70.85222,41.589223],[-70.852488,41.588658],[-70.852551,41.588526],[-70.853121,41.587321],[-70.85324,41.587332],[-70.857239,41.587705],[-70.862852,41.600678],[-70.862998,41.601014],[-70.863486,41.602143],[-70.868501,41.613733],[-70.868904,41.614664],[-70.86836,41.622664],[-70.869624,41.625608],[-70.872665,41.627816],[-70.87904,41.629777],[-70.887643,41.632422],[-70.889209,41.632904],[-70.88926,41.632875],[-70.889594,41.632685],[-70.904513,41.624205],[-70.905765,41.623494],[-70.913202,41.619266],[-70.904522,41.610361],[-70.899981,41.593504],[-70.901381,41.592504],[-70.910814,41.595506],[-70.916581,41.607483],[-70.920074,41.61081],[-70.927172,41.611253],[-70.929722,41.609479],[-70.93,41.600441],[-70.927393,41.594064],[-70.931338,41.5842],[-70.937978,41.577416],[-70.941588,41.581034],[-70.946911,41.581089],[-70.948797,41.579038],[-70.9473,41.573659],[-70.93783,41.565239],[-70.931545,41.540169],[-70.941785,41.540121],[-70.979225,41.530427],[-70.983354,41.520616],[-71.003275,41.511912],[-71.019354,41.508857],[-71.035514,41.499047],[-71.058418,41.505967],[-71.085663,41.509292],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.1224,41.522156],[-71.131312,41.592308],[-71.131618,41.593918],[-71.137492,41.602561],[-71.138599,41.60347],[-71.140588,41.605102],[-71.14091,41.607405],[-71.141509,41.616076],[-71.140468,41.623893],[-71.135688,41.628402],[-71.134484,41.641198],[-71.134478,41.641262],[-71.13267,41.658744],[-71.132888,41.660102],[-71.134688,41.660502],[-71.135188,41.660502],[-71.14587,41.662795],[-71.153989,41.664102],[-71.17609,41.668102],[-71.17609,41.668502],[-71.17599,41.671402],[-71.18129,41.672502],[-71.191175,41.674292],[-71.191178,41.674216],[-71.194384,41.674803],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.224798,41.710498],[-71.225709,41.711603],[-71.261392,41.752301],[-71.31779,41.776099],[-71.317795,41.776101],[-71.327896,41.780501],[-71.329396,41.7826],[-71.329296,41.7868],[-71.332196,41.7923],[-71.333896,41.7945],[-71.335797,41.7948],[-71.339297,41.7963],[-71.340697,41.7983],[-71.340797,41.8002],[-71.339297,41.8044],[-71.339297,41.8065],[-71.338897,41.8083],[-71.339197,41.809],[-71.347197,41.8231],[-71.344897,41.828],[-71.339597,41.832],[-71.337597,41.8337],[-71.335197,41.8355],[-71.341797,41.8437],[-71.342198,41.8448],[-71.333997,41.8623],[-71.340798,41.8816],[-71.339298,41.893399],[-71.339298,41.893599],[-71.338698,41.898399],[-71.352699,41.896699],[-71.354699,41.896499],[-71.362499,41.895599],[-71.364699,41.895399],[-71.365399,41.895299],[-71.370999,41.894599],[-71.373799,41.894399],[-71.3766,41.893999],[-71.3817,41.893199],[-71.3817,41.922699],[-71.3816,41.922899],[-71.381401,41.964799],[-71.381501,41.966699],[-71.381466,41.984998],[-71.381401,42.018798],[-71.458104,42.017762],[-71.498258,42.01722],[-71.499905,42.017198],[-71.500905,42.017098],[-71.527306,42.015098],[-71.527606,42.014998],[-71.559439,42.014342],[-71.576908,42.014098],[-71.76601,42.009745],[-71.799242,42.008065],[-71.80065,42.023569],[-71.89078,42.024368],[-71.987326,42.02688],[-72.063496,42.027347],[-72.102162,42.028899],[-72.135687,42.030245],[-72.135715,42.030245],[-72.249523,42.031626],[-72.317148,42.031907],[-72.45668,42.033999],[-72.509192,42.034217],[-72.528131,42.034295],[-72.573231,42.030141],[-72.582332,42.024695],[-72.590233,42.024695],[-72.606933,42.024995],[-72.607933,42.030795],[-72.643134,42.032395],[-72.695927,42.036788],[-72.714134,42.036608],[-72.755838,42.036195],[-72.757538,42.033295],[-72.753538,42.032095],[-72.751738,42.030195],[-72.754038,42.025395],[-72.757467,42.020947],[-72.758151,42.020865],[-72.760558,42.021846],[-72.762151,42.021527],[-72.76231,42.019775],[-72.761354,42.018183],[-72.759738,42.016995],[-72.761238,42.014595],[-72.763238,42.012795],[-72.763265,42.009742],[-72.766139,42.007695],[-72.766739,42.002995],[-72.774757,42.002129],[-72.816741,41.997595],[-72.813541,42.036494],[-72.847142,42.036894],[-72.863619,42.037709],[-72.863733,42.03771],[-72.999549,42.038653],[-73.008745,42.03886],[-73.053254,42.039861],[-73.127276,42.041964],[-73.229798,42.044877],[-73.231056,42.044945],[-73.293097,42.04694],[-73.29442,42.046984],[-73.432812,42.050587],[-73.487314,42.049638],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.352527,42.510002],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.022903,42.741133]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Massachusetts\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
The current (2015) streamgage network in Pennsylvania and the Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania and New York was evaluated in order to design a network that would meet the hydrologic needs of many partners and serve a variety of purposes and interests, including estimation of streamflow statistics at ungaged sites. This study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission. The study area includes the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania and New York. For this study, 229 streamgages were identified as reference streamgages that could be used to represent ungaged watersheds. Criteria for a reference streamgage are a minimum of 10 years of continuous record, minimally altered streamflow, and a drainage area less than 1,500 square miles. Some of the reference streamgages have been discontinued but provide historical hydrologic information valuable in the determination of streamflow characteristics of ungaged watersheds. Watersheds in the study area not adequately represented by a reference streamgage were identified by examining a range of basin characteristics, the extent of geographic coverage, and the strength of estimated streamflow correlations between gaged and ungaged sites.
Basin characteristics were determined for the reference streamgage watersheds and the 1,662 12-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC12) subwatersheds in Pennsylvania and the Susquehanna River Basin using a geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis and nationally available GIS datasets. Basin characteristics selected for this study include drainage area, mean basin elevation, mean basin slope, percentage of urbanized area, percentage of forested area, percentage of carbonate bedrock, mean annual precipitation, and soil thickness. A GIS spatial analysis was used to identify HUC12 subwatersheds outside the range of basin characteristics of the reference streamgages. There were 320 HUC12 subwatersheds, or 19 percent of the study area, with basin characteristics outside the range represented by the reference streamgage watersheds.
A GIS spatial analysis was used to identify geographic gaps in the streamgage network. For each streamgage, a watershed area, called the gage statistical area (GSA), was delineated. The GSA shows the drainage area within a specific drainage-area ratio of the streamgage for transfer of streamflow statistics from that streamgage to ungaged sites on the valid statistical reach of the GSA for a streamgage. In Pennsylvania, a drainage-area ratio of 0.33–3 times the drainage area of the ungaged site was found to perform as well as, if not better than, more traditional ratios such as 0.5–1.5 (or 2) for transfer of selected streamflow statistics. A total of 1,102 HUC12 subwatersheds, or 66 percent of the study area, are outside the GSA for a reference streamgage.
The USGS Baseline Streamflow Estimator (BaSE) program was used to determine how well HUC12 subwatersheds outside the streamgage GSAs are represented by the reference streamgage network in Pennsylvania, based on estimated streamflow correlation. The centroid of each HUC12 subwatershed was run through the BaSE program to determine the reference streamgage with the highest estimated streamflow correlation. There were 929 HUC12 subwatersheds in Pennsylvania, or 56 percent of the State, with an estimated correlation coefficient less than 0.96.
The results from the basin characteristic, geographic, and streamflow correlation analyses were combined to identify 1,405 HUC12 subwatersheds in Pennsylvania and the Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania and New York that lack a representative reference, based on at least one identified gap. Of the 1,405 HUC12 subwatersheds, 139 exhibited all three gaps, indicating a 8-percent gap in the reference streamgage network.
Streamgages in areas with similar hydrologic characteristics and in close proximity to one another can potentially provide similar information (termed streamgages with high substitution potential). Streamgages were considered to have a high substitution potential with a nearby streamgage(s) if (1) the streamflow correlation coefficient was equal to or greater than 0.96, (2) the streamgages had 10 years of concurrent record, and (3) the streamgages are in the same watershed within the GSA of the streamgage. Seventy-four current (2015) streamgages with high substitution potential with at least one other streamgage were identified in the study area. Although these identified streamgages have a high substitution potential, they provide valuable streamflow information to a stakeholder. Selected primary uses of these streamgages were identified to determine the overall need for an individual streamgage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission ","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., Stuckey, M.H., and Hoffman, S.A., 2017, Evaluation of the streamgage network for estimating streamflow statistics at ungaged sites in Pennsylvania and the Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania and New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5149, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165149.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069147","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340754,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5149//sir20165149.pdf","text":"Report","size":"85.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5149"},{"id":340753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5149/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -74.805908203125,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -74.805908203125,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Monitoring natural resources - water, forests, and animal populations—is required to support effective management of natural resources. However, because monitoring activities are often specific to a discipline, issue, or agency, it is typically difficult to integrate data to answer questions that transcend geopolitical and jurisdictional boundaries. How do we reach the better data integration we need?
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2017EO072689","usgsCitation":"Weltzin, J.F., Bayer, J.M., and Scully, R.A., 2017, Defining opportunities for collaboration across data life cycles: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 98, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017EO072689.","productDescription":"HTML document","ipdsId":"IP-082004","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017eo072689","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"98","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bae4b0e541a03e9600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F. 0000-0001-8641-6645 jweltzin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":189061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, Jennifer M. 0000-0001-9564-3110 jbayer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-3110","contributorId":3393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbayer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scully, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-0704-8907 rscully@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-8907","contributorId":191891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scully","given":"Rebecca","email":"rscully@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187540,"text":"gip174 - 2017 - Eighty years of cooperative water science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T06:41:25","indexId":"gip174","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-09T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"174","displayTitle":"Eighty Years of Cooperative Water Science","title":"Eighty years of cooperative water science","docAbstract":"The Equus Beds aquifer in south-central Kansas is a primary water source for the city of Wichita. The Equus Beds aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) project was developed to help the city of Wichita meet increasing current and future demands. The Equus Beds ASR project is a recent part of an 80-year cooperative water science effort with the city of Wichita. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Kansas Water Science Center characterizes river and aquifer water-quality and quantity and evaluates changes that may or may not be related to ASR. The USGS data are used by the city of Wichita to make informed management decisions, satisfy regulatory requirements, and serve as a baseline to detect any subsequent changes that may be related to ASR.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., 2017, Eighty years of cooperative water science (ver. 1.1, October 2019): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 174, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip174.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-086697","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368327,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0174/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"GIP 174 Version History"},{"id":368326,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0174/gip174.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 174"},{"id":346650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0174/coverthb3.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Wichita County","otherGeospatial":"Equus Beds Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-101.485,38.7002],[-101.1293,38.7001],[-101.1254,38.264],[-101.5405,38.2631],[-101.5669,38.2633],[-101.5694,38.7004],[-101.485,38.7002]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wichita\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: May 9, 2017; Version 1.1: October 15, 2019","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Increases in anthropogenic emissions of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) have resulted in increases in the associated atmospheric deposition of acidic compounds. In sensitive watersheds, this deposition has initiated a cascade of negative environmental effects on aquatic ecosystems, resulting in a degradation or loss of valuable ecosystem goods and services. Here, we report the activities of an expert workgroup to synthesize information on acidic deposition-induced aquatic acidification from the published literature and to link critical load exceedances with ecosystem services and beneficiaries, using the Stressor–Ecological Production function–Final Ecosystem Services (STEPS) Framework and the Final Ecosystem Goods and Services Classification System (FEGS-CS). Experts identified and documented the sensitive aquatic ecosystem ecological endpoints valued by humans, and the environmental pathways through which these endpoints may experience degradation in response to acidification. Beneficiary groups were then identified for each sensitive ecological endpoint to clarify relationships between humans and the effects of aquatic acidification, and to lay the foundation for future research and analysis to value these FEGS.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1807","usgsCitation":"O’Dea, C., Anderson, S., Sullivan, T., Landers, D.H., and Casey, C.F., 2017, Impacts to ecosystem services from aquatic acidification: Using FEGS-CS to understand the impacts of air pollution: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 5, e01807, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1807.","productDescription":"e01807, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-079116","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1807","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Dea, Claire","contributorId":330090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Dea","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78807,"text":"United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Sarah M.","contributorId":245594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[{"id":49227,"text":"NSPIRE-IGERT Fellow, Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy","contributorId":223868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":40780,"text":"E&S Environmental Chemistry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landers, Dixon H.","contributorId":173699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landers","given":"Dixon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casey, C. Frank","contributorId":211865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Frank","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187573,"text":"ofr20171050 - 2017 - Geophysical data collected during the 2014 minute 319 pulse flow on the Colorado River below Morelos Dam, United States and Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T18:05:56","indexId":"ofr20171050","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1050","title":"Geophysical data collected during the 2014 minute 319 pulse flow on the Colorado River below Morelos Dam, United States and Mexico","docAbstract":"Geophysical methods were used to monitor infiltration during a water release, referred to as a “pulse flow,” in the Colorado River delta in March and April 2014. The pulse flow was enabled by Minute 319 of the 1944 United States–Mexico Treaty concerning water of the Colorado River. Fieldwork was carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada as part of a binational effort to monitor the hydrologic effects of the pulse flow along the limitrophe (border) reach of the Colorado River and into Mexico. Repeat microgravity measurements were made at 25 locations in the southern limitrophe reach to quantify aquifer storage change during the pulse flow. Observed increases in storage along the river were greater with distance to the south, and the amount of storage change decreased away from the river channel. Gravity data at four monitoring well sites indicate specific yield equal to 0.32±0.05. Electromagnetic induction methods were used at 12 transects in the limitrophe reach of the river along the United States– Mexico border, and farther south into Mexico. These data, which are sensitive to variation in soil texture and water content, suggest relatively homogeneous conditions. Repeat direct-current resistivity measurements were collected at two locations to monitor groundwater elevation. Results indicate rapid groundwater-level rise during the pulse flow in the limitrophe reach and smaller variation at a more southern transect. Together, these data are useful for hydrogeologic characterization and hydrologic model development. Electronic data files are provided in the accompanying data release (Kennedy and others, 2016a).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171050","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with Universidad Autónoma de Baja California and Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., Callegary, J.B., Macy, J.P., Reyes-Lopez, J., Pérez-Flores, M., 2017, Geophysical data collected during the 2014 minute 319 pulse flow on the Colorado River below Morelos Dam, United States and Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1050, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171050.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 48 Pp.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067382","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438349,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K935M8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geophysical Data Collected during the 2014 Minute 319 Pulse Flow"},{"id":341001,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1050/ofr20171050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1050"},{"id":341000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1050/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":341002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7K935M8","text":"Data Release"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, Baja California, California","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Morelos Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 32.33333\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 32.33333\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 32.33333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Wildfire is increasingly a concern in the USA, where 10 million acres burned in 2015. Climate is a primary driver of wildfire, and understanding fire-climate relationships is crucial for informing fire management and modeling the effects of climate change on fire. In the southwestern USA, fire-climate relationships have been informed by tree-ring data that extend centuries prior to the onset of fire exclusion in the late 1800s. Variability in cool-season precipitation has been linked to fire occurrence, but the effects of the summer North American monsoon on fire are less understood, as are the effects of climate on fire seasonality. We use a new set of reconstructions for cool-season (October–April) and monsoon-season (July–August) moisture conditions along with a large new fire scar dataset to examine relationships between multi-seasonal climate variability, fire extent, and fire seasonality in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico (1599–1899 CE). Results suggest that large fires burning in all seasons are strongly influenced by the current year cool-season moisture, but fires burning mid-summer to fall are also influenced by monsoon moisture. Wet conditions several years prior to the fire year during the cool season, and to a lesser extent during the monsoon season, are also important for spring through late-summer fires. Persistent cool-season drought longer than 3 years may inhibit fires due to the lack of moisture to replenish surface fuels. This suggests that fuels may become increasingly limiting for fire occurrence in semi-arid regions that are projected to become drier with climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-017-1958-4","usgsCitation":"Margolis, E.Q., Woodhouse, C.A., and Swetnam, T.W., 2017, Drought, multi-seasonal climate, and wildfire in northern New Mexico: Climatic Change, v. 142, no. 3, p. 433-446, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-1958-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"446","ipdsId":"IP-086088","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-017-1958-4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.998003,32.002328],[-106.099756,32.002492],[-106.125534,32.002533],[-106.18184,32.00205],[-106.200699,32.001785],[-106.205915,32.001762],[-106.313307,32.001512],[-106.376861,32.001172],[-106.377165,32.001177],[-106.394298,32.001484],[-106.411075,32.001334],[-106.565142,32.000736],[-106.566056,32.000759],[-106.587972,32.000749],[-106.595333,32.000778],[-106.598639,32.000754],[-106.599096,32.000731],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-106.619448,31.994733],[-106.623568,31.990999],[-106.631182,31.989809],[-106.636492,31.985719],[-106.639529,31.980348],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.630114,31.971258],[-106.626466,31.97069],[-106.623216,31.97291],[-106.621873,31.972933],[-106.619569,31.971578],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.619371,31.964777],[-106.620454,31.963403],[-106.624299,31.961054],[-106.625535,31.957476],[-106.625123,31.954531],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.617708,31.956008],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.616136,31.948439],[-106.623659,31.94551],[-106.622377,31.940863],[-106.622117,31.936621],[-106.622529,31.934863],[-106.625322,31.930053],[-106.629747,31.92657],[-106.628663,31.923614],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.611846,31.920003],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623445,31.914034],[-106.625947,31.912227],[-106.633668,31.90979],[-106.64084,31.904598],[-106.645479,31.89867],[-106.645646,31.895649],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.6429,31.892933],[-106.638154,31.891663],[-106.633927,31.889184],[-106.630692,31.886411],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.630799,31.879697],[-106.634873,31.874478],[-106.63588,31.871514],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.627808,31.860593],[-106.625763,31.856276],[-106.621857,31.852854],[-106.614637,31.84649],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.605245,31.845905],[-106.602045,31.844405],[-106.601945,31.839605],[-106.605267,31.827912],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.593826,31.824901],[-106.589045,31.822706],[-106.588045,31.822106],[-106.582144,31.815506],[-106.581344,31.813906],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.570944,31.810206],[-106.566844,31.813306],[-106.563444,31.812606],[-106.562945,31.811104],[-106.558444,31.810406],[-106.547144,31.807305],[-106.545344,31.805007],[-106.544714,31.804287],[-106.542144,31.802107],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.535843,31.798607],[-106.535343,31.797507],[-106.535154,31.797089],[-106.534743,31.796107],[-106.533043,31.791907],[-106.533,31.791829],[-106.53248,31.791914],[-106.530515,31.792103],[-106.527943,31.790507],[-106.527738,31.789761],[-106.527623,31.789119],[-106.527997,31.786945],[-106.528543,31.784407],[-106.528543,31.783907],[-106.750547,31.783706],[-106.750547,31.783898],[-106.993544,31.783689],[-106.998235,31.783671],[-107.00056,31.783679],[-107.00056,31.783513],[-107.296824,31.783762],[-107.422246,31.783599],[-107.422495,31.783599],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208087,31.613489],[-108.208521,31.499798],[-108.208572,31.499742],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-108.707657,31.333191],[-108.788711,31.332365],[-108.851105,31.332301],[-108.861028,31.332315],[-109.050044,31.332502],[-109.050173,31.480004],[-109.049843,31.499515],[-109.049813,31.499528],[-109.049112,31.636598],[-109.049195,31.796551],[-109.048763,31.810776],[-109.049106,31.843715],[-109.048769,31.861383],[-109.04859,31.870791],[-109.048599,32.013651],[-109.048731,32.028174],[-109.048296,32.084093],[-109.048286,32.089114],[-109.047612,32.426377],[-109.047653,32.681379],[-109.047653,32.686327],[-109.047645,32.689988],[-109.047638,32.693439],[-109.047117,32.777569],[-109.047117,32.77757],[-109.04748,33.06842],[-109.047453,33.069427],[-109.046905,33.091931],[-109.047013,33.092917],[-109.047117,33.137559],[-109.047116,33.137995],[-109.047237,33.208965],[-109.04747,33.250063],[-109.046827,33.365272],[-109.046909,33.36557],[-109.047045,33.36928],[-109.04687,33.372654],[-109.046564,33.37506],[-109.047298,33.409783],[-109.046662,33.625055],[-109.047145,33.74001],[-109.046941,33.778233],[-109.046426,33.875052],[-109.047006,34.00005],[-109.046182,34.522393],[-109.046182,34.522553],[-109.046156,34.579291],[-109.046086,34.771016],[-109.045363,34.785406],[-109.046104,34.799981],[-109.045624,34.814226],[-109.046072,34.828566],[-109.045851,34.959718],[-109.046024,35.175499],[-109.046084,35.250025],[-109.046796,35.363606],[-109.046481,35.546326],[-109.046509,35.54644],[-109.046296,35.614251],[-109.046295,35.616517],[-109.046024,35.8798],[-109.046055,35.888721],[-109.046054,35.92586],[-109.046011,35.925896],[-109.045973,36.002338],[-109.045729,36.117028],[-109.046183,36.181751],[-109.045431,36.500001],[-109.045433,36.874589],[-109.045407,36.874998],[-109.045272,36.968871],[-109.045244,36.969489],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-108.958868,36.998913],[-108.954404,36.998906],[-108.620309,36.999287],[-108.619689,36.999249],[-108.379203,36.999459],[-108.320721,36.99951],[-108.320464,36.999499],[-108.2884,36.99952],[-108.288086,36.999555],[-108.250635,36.999561],[-108.249358,36.999015],[-108.000623,37.000001],[-107.481737,37.000005],[-107.420915,37.000005],[-107.420913,37.000005],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.750591,36.992461],[-106.675626,36.993123],[-106.661344,36.993243],[-106.628733,36.993161],[-106.628652,36.993175],[-106.617125,36.993004],[-106.617159,36.992967],[-106.500589,36.993768],[-106.47628,36.993839],[-106.343139,36.99423],[-106.293279,36.99389],[-106.248675,36.994288],[-106.247705,36.994266],[-106.201469,36.994122],[-106.006634,36.995343],[-105.997472,36.995417],[-105.996159,36.995418],[-105.71847,36.995846],[-105.716471,36.995849],[-105.66472,36.995874],[-105.62747,36.995679],[-105.533922,36.995875],[-105.512485,36.995777],[-105.508836,36.995895],[-105.465182,36.995991],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-105.442459,36.995994],[-105.41931,36.995856],[-105.251296,36.995605],[-105.220613,36.995169],[-105.155042,36.995339],[-105.1208,36.995428],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.000554,36.993264],[-104.73212,36.993484],[-104.732031,36.993447],[-104.645029,36.993378],[-104.625545,36.993599],[-104.624556,36.994377],[-104.519257,36.993766],[-104.338833,36.993535],[-104.250536,36.994644],[-104.007855,36.996239],[-103.734364,36.998041],[-103.733247,36.998016],[-103.155922,37.000232],[-103.086106,37.000174],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.002247,36.911587],[-103.001964,36.909573],[-103.002198,36.719427],[-103.002518,36.675186],[-103.002252,36.61718],[-103.002188,36.602716],[-103.002565,36.526588],[-103.002434,36.500397],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-103.041745,36.318267],[-103.041674,36.317534],[-103.040824,36.055231],[-103.041305,35.837694],[-103.042186,35.825217],[-103.041716,35.814072],[-103.041917,35.796441],[-103.041146,35.791583],[-103.041272,35.739274],[-103.041554,35.622487],[-103.042366,35.250056],[-103.042775,35.241237],[-103.042497,35.211862],[-103.042377,35.183156],[-103.042377,35.183149],[-103.042366,35.182786],[-103.042339,35.181922],[-103.042395,35.178573],[-103.042568,35.159318],[-103.042711,35.144735],[-103.0426,35.142766],[-103.04252,35.135596],[-103.043261,35.125058],[-103.042642,35.109913],[-103.042552,34.954101],[-103.042521,34.899546],[-103.042781,34.850243],[-103.04277,34.792224],[-103.042769,34.747361],[-103.042827,34.671188],[-103.043286,34.653099],[-103.043072,34.619782],[-103.043594,34.46266],[-103.043589,34.459774],[-103.043588,34.459662],[-103.043582,34.455657],[-103.043538,34.405463],[-103.043583,34.400678],[-103.043611,34.397105],[-103.043585,34.393716],[-103.043613,34.390442],[-103.043613,34.388679],[-103.043614,34.384969],[-103.04363,34.38469],[-103.043693,34.383578],[-103.043919,34.380916],[-103.043944,34.37966],[-103.043946,34.379555],[-103.043979,34.312764],[-103.043979,34.312749],[-103.043936,34.302585],[-103.043719,34.289441],[-103.043644,34.256903],[-103.043569,34.087947],[-103.043516,34.079382],[-103.043686,34.063078],[-103.043744,34.049986],[-103.043767,34.043545],[-103.043721,34.04232],[-103.043771,34.041538],[-103.043746,34.037294],[-103.043555,34.032714],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.043617,34.003633],[-103.04395,33.974629],[-103.044893,33.945617],[-103.045698,33.906299],[-103.045644,33.901537],[-103.046907,33.8503],[-103.047346,33.824675],[-103.049096,33.74627],[-103.049608,33.737766],[-103.050148,33.701971],[-103.050532,33.672408],[-103.051087,33.658186],[-103.051535,33.650487],[-103.051363,33.64195],[-103.051664,33.629489],[-103.05261,33.570599],[-103.056655,33.388438],[-103.056655,33.388416],[-103.057487,33.329477],[-103.057856,33.315234],[-103.059242,33.260371],[-103.05972,33.256262],[-103.060103,33.219225],[-103.063905,33.042055],[-103.06398,33.038693],[-103.064452,33.01029],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.064679,32.964373],[-103.064657,32.959097],[-103.064569,32.900014],[-103.064701,32.879355],[-103.064862,32.868346],[-103.064807,32.857696],[-103.064916,32.85726],[-103.064889,32.849359],[-103.064672,32.82847],[-103.064699,32.827531],[-103.064711,32.784593],[-103.064698,32.783602],[-103.064807,32.777303],[-103.064827,32.726628],[-103.064799,32.708694],[-103.064798,32.690761],[-103.064864,32.682647],[-103.064633,32.64642],[-103.064815,32.624537],[-103.064761,32.601863],[-103.064788,32.600397],[-103.064761,32.587983],[-103.064696,32.522193],[-103.064422,32.145006],[-103.064348,32.123041],[-103.064344,32.087051],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.085876,32.000465],[-103.088698,32.000453],[-103.215641,32.000513],[-103.267633,32.000475],[-103.267708,32.000324],[-103.270383,32.000326],[-103.278521,32.000419],[-103.326501,32.00037],[-103.722853,32.000208],[-103.748317,32.000198],[-103.875476,32.000554],[-103.980179,32.000125],[-104.024521,32.00001],[-104.531756,32.000117],[-104.531937,32.000311],[-104.640918,32.000396],[-104.643526,32.000443],[-104.847757,32.000482],[-104.918272,32.000496],[-105.077046,32.000579],[-105.078605,32.000533],[-105.11804,32.000485],[-105.131377,32.000524],[-105.132916,32.000518],[-105.14824,32.000485],[-105.15031,32.000497],[-105.153994,32.000497],[-105.390396,32.000607],[-105.427049,32.000638],[-105.428582,32.0006],[-105.429281,32.000577],[-105.731362,32.001564],[-105.750527,32.002206],[-105.854061,32.00235],[-105.886159,32.00197],[-105.9006,32.0021],[-105.998003,32.002328]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Mexico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"142","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d536e4b0e541a03d451d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Margolis, Ellis Q. 0000-0002-0595-9005 emargolis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0595-9005","contributorId":173538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margolis","given":"Ellis","email":"emargolis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":191872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187561,"text":"70187561 - 2017 - Development of a coastal drought index using salinity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T11:20:57","indexId":"70187561","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a coastal drought index using salinity data","docAbstract":"A critical aspect of the uniqueness of coastal drought is the effects on the salinity dynamics of creeks, rivers, and estuaries. The location of the freshwater–saltwater interface along the coast is an important factor in the ecological and socioeconomic dynamics of coastal communities. Salinity is a critical response variable that integrates hydrologic and coastal dynamics including sea level, tides, winds, precipitation, streamflow, and tropical storms. The position of the interface determines the composition of freshwater and saltwater aquatic communities as well as the freshwater availability for water intakes. Many definitions of drought have been proposed, with most describing a decline in precipitation having negative impacts on the water supply. Indices have been developed incorporating data such as rainfall, streamflow, soil moisture, and groundwater levels. These water-availability drought indices were developed for upland areas and may not be ideal for characterizing coastal drought. The availability of real-time and historical salinity datasets provides an opportunity for the development of a salinity-based coastal drought index. An approach similar to the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was modified and applied to salinity data obtained from sites in South Carolina and Georgia. Using the SPI approach, the index becomes a coastal salinity index (CSI) that characterizes coastal salinity conditions with respect to drought periods of higher-saline conditions and wet periods of higher-freshwater conditions. Evaluation of the CSI indicates that it provides additional coastal response information as compared to the SPI and the Palmer hydrologic drought index, and the CSI can be used for different estuary types and for comparison of conditions along coastlines.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00171.1","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., and Darby, L.S., 2017, Development of a coastal drought index using salinity data: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 98, no. 4, p. 753-766, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00171.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"766","ipdsId":"IP-067018","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d536e4b0e541a03d451b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darby, Lisa S.","contributorId":191873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darby","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187568,"text":"70187568 - 2017 - Concentration and biochemical gradients of seston in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-11T12:53:04","indexId":"70187568","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration and biochemical gradients of seston in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Spatial variability in resource quantity and quality may have important implications for the distribution and productivity of primary consumers. In Lake Ontario, ecosystem characteristics suggest the potential for significant spatial heterogeneity in seston quantity and quality, particularly due to the potential for nearshore-offshore gradients in allochthonous nutrient supply, and the formation of a deep chlorophyll layer (DCL) in July. We assessed total and zooplankton food particle size-fractionated chlorophyll a concentrations, as well as carbon-to-phosphorus stoichiometry and essential fatty acid composition of seston across a distance-from-shore and depth transect. We observed time, sampling depth, and distance from shore to be the best predictors of chlorophyll a concentration. Resource quality was much more homogenous in space, but there were strong patterns through time, as both stoichiometric and fatty acid qualities in general were greatest in May, and lowest in July/August. We did observe a peak in essential fatty acid concentration near the DCL in during time of formation, possibly due to differences in phytoplankton community composition between the DCL and epilimnion. These results suggest the potential for a spatially and temporally dynamic resource base for consumers in Lake Ontario, which may be important in developing a broader understanding of variable consumer productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2017.03.007","usgsCitation":"Kelly, P., Weidel, B., Paufve, M.R., O'Malley, B., Watkins, J.M., Rudstam, L.G., and Jones, S., 2017, Concentration and biochemical gradients of seston in Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 43, no. 5, p. 795-803, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.03.007.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"803","ipdsId":"IP-082929","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2017.03.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 43.16111586765961\n ],\n [\n -76.036376953125,\n 43.16111586765961\n ],\n [\n -76.036376953125,\n 44.268804788566165\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 44.268804788566165\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 43.16111586765961\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d535e4b0e541a03d4517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Patrick T.","contributorId":69059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Patrick T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paufve, Matthew R.","contributorId":191885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paufve","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Malley, Brian P.","contributorId":189285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Malley","given":"Brian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watkins, James M.","contributorId":189286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Stuart E.","contributorId":22222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Stuart E.","affiliations":[{"id":6966,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70203165,"text":"70203165 - 2017 - Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-06T18:53:12.676134","indexId":"70203165","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-08T06:04:07","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane","title":"Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane","docAbstract":"Continued warming of the Arctic Ocean in coming decades is projected to trigger the release of teragrams (1 Tg = 106 tons) of methane from thawing subsea permafrost on shallow continental shelves and dissociation of methane hydrate on upper continental slopes. On the shallow shelves (<100 m water depth), methane released from the seafloor may reach the atmosphere and potentially amplify global warming. On the other hand, biological uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) has the potential to offset the positive warming potential of emitted methane, a process that has not received detailed consideration for these settings. Continuous sea−air gas flux data collected over a shallow ebullitive methane seep field on the Svalbard margin reveal atmospheric CO2 uptake rates (−33,300 ± 7,900 μmol m−2⋅d−1) twice that of surrounding waters and ∼1,900 times greater than the diffusive sea−air methane efflux (17.3 ± 4.8 μmol m−2⋅d−1). The negative radiative forcing expected from this CO2 uptake is up to 231 times greater than the positive radiative forcing from the methane emissions. Surface water characteristics (e.g., high dissolved oxygen, high pH, and enrichment of 13C in CO2) indicate that upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water from near the seafloor accompanies methane emissions and stimulates CO2 consumption by photosynthesizing phytoplankton. These findings challenge the widely held perception that areas characterized by shallow-water methane seeps and/or strongly elevated sea−air methane flux always increase the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden.
This report summarizes a Wildlife Disease Association sponsored workshop held in 2016. The overall objective of the workshop was to use available evidence and selected subject matter expertise to define the essential functions of a National Wildlife Health Program and the resources needed to deliver a robust and reliable program, including the basic infrastructure, workforce, data and information systems, governance, organizational capacity, and essential features, such as wildlife disease surveillance, diagnostic services, and epidemiological investigation. This workshop also provided the means to begin the process of defining the essential attributes of a national wildlife health program that could be scalable and adaptable to each nation’s needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Nguyen, N.T., Duff, J.P., Gavier-Widén, D., Grillo, T., He, H., Lee, H., Ratanakorn, P., Rijks, J.M., Ryser-Degiorgis, M.-P., Sleeman, J.M., Stephen, C., Tana, T., Uhart, M., and Zimmer, P., 2017, Report of the workshop on evidence-based design of national wildlife health programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1038, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171038.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-083971","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1038/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":340850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1038/ofr20171038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"811 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1038"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey,
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
2. Introductory presentations
3. Facilitated small group discussions
4. Plenary session on additional need for a national wildlife health program
5. Plenary session on key features of a national wildlife health program
6. Next steps
Selected References
Appendixes
In order to address the 2008/10 and Supplemental 2014 NOAA Fisheries Biological Opinion for operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) developed and have begun implementation of Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) management plans. This implementation includes redistribution of the Caspian terns in the Columbia River estuary and the mid-Columbia River region to reduce predation on salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. Key elements of the plans include (1) reducing nesting habitat for Caspian terns in the Columbia River estuary and the mid-Columbia River region, and (2) creating or modifying nesting habitat at alternative sites within the Caspian tern breeding range. USACE and Reclamation developed Caspian tern nesting habitat at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (DENWR), California, prior to the 2015 nesting season. Furthermore, to reduce or eliminate potential conflicts between nesting Caspian terns and threatened western snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus), nesting habitat for snowy plovers also was developed. Seven recently constructed islands within two managed ponds (Ponds A16 and SF2) of DENWR were modified to provide habitat attractive to nesting Caspian terns (5 islands) and snowy plovers (2 islands). These 7 islands were a subset of 46 islands recently constructed in Ponds A16 and SF2 to provide waterbird nesting habitat as part of the South Bay Salt Pond (SBSP) Restoration Project.
We used social attraction methods (decoys and electronic call systems) to attract Caspian terns and snowy plovers to these seven modified islands, and conducted surveys between March and September of 2015 and 2016 to evaluate nest numbers, nest density, and productivity. Results from the 2015 nesting season, the first year of the study, indicated that island modifications and social attraction measures were successful in establishing Caspian tern breeding colonies at Ponds A16 and SF2 of DENWR. The success of 2015 continued in 2016, the second year of the study. In 2016, Caspian terns nested on two of the five islands modified for Caspian terns (one island in Pond A16 and one island in Pond SF2). Caspian terns initiated at least 317 nests, fledged at least 158 chicks, and had a breeding success rate of 0.50 fledged chicks per breeding pair. This represents a 42 percent increase in nests initiated, a 9 percent decrease in the number of fledged chicks, and a 36 percent decrease in the number of chicks fledged per breeding pair in 2016 compared to 2015. Although overall productivity decreased from 2015, these results indicate that the Caspian tern breeding population on modified islands of the DENWR is increasing relative to 2015, the first year of the effort, and relative to years prior to 2015 when no breeding colonies of Caspian terns existed in Ponds A16 or SF2. These results indicate the effectiveness of social attraction measures in helping to establish tern nesting colonies in San Francisco Bay. Conversely, for the second year in a row, snowy plovers did not attempt to nest on any island in Ponds A16 and SF2. Social attraction measures similar to those used in this study, but targeting other colonial species such as Forster’s terns (Sterna forsteri) and American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), may help to establish waterbird breeding colonies at wetlands enhanced as part of the SBSP Restoration Project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J.T., Herzog, M.P., Strong, Cheryl, Trachtenbarg, David, and Shore, C.A., 2017, Evaluation of Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) and snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) nesting on modified islands at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California—2016 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017-1055, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171055.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083253","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1055/ofr20171055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1055"},{"id":340951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1055/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26409912109375,\n 37.41052799460727\n ],\n [\n -121.90292358398438,\n 37.41052799460727\n ],\n [\n -121.90292358398438,\n 37.6289157524452\n ],\n [\n -122.26409912109375,\n 37.6289157524452\n ],\n [\n -122.26409912109375,\n 37.41052799460727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Globally, Arctic and Subarctic regions have experienced the greatest temperature increases during the last 30 years. These extreme changes have amplified threats to the freshwater ecosystems that dominate the landscape in many areas by altering water budgets. Several studies in temperate environments have examined the adaptive capacity of organisms to enhance our understanding of the potential repercussions of warming and associated accelerated drying for freshwater ecosystems. However, few experiments have examined these impacts in Arctic or Subarctic freshwater ecosystems, where the climate is changing most rapidly. To evaluate the capacity of a widespread ectotherm to anticipated environmental changes, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in the Canadian Subarctic. Three warming treatments were fully crossed with three drying treatments to simulate a range of predicted changes in wetland environments. We predicted wetland warming and drying would act synergistically, with water temperature partially compensating for some of the negative effects of accelerated drying. Across all drying regimes, a 1 °C increase in water temperature increased the odds of survival by 1.79, and tadpoles in 52-day and 64-day hydroperiod mesocosms were 4.1–4.3 times more likely to survive to metamorphosis than tadpoles in 45-day mesocosms. For individuals who survived to metamorphosis, there was only a weak negative effect of temperature on size. As expected, increased temperatures accelerated tadpole growth through day 30 of the experiment. Our results reveal that one of the dominant herbivores in Subarctic wetlands, wood frog tadpoles, are capable of increasing their developmental rates in response to increased temperature and accelerated drying, but only in an additive manner. The strong negative effects of drying on survival, combined with lack of compensation between these two environmental drivers, suggest changes in the aquatic environment that are expected in this ecosystem will reduce mean fitness of populations across the landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13543","usgsCitation":"Davenport, J., Hossack, B.R., and Fishback, L., 2017, Additive impacts of experimental climate change increase risk to an ectotherm at the Arctic's edge: Global Change Biology, v. 23, no. 6, p. 2262-2271, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13543.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2262","endPage":"2271","ipdsId":"IP-074902","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183ace4b0e541a03c1a40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davenport, Jon M.","contributorId":126727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Jon M.","affiliations":[{"id":6583,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Missoula, MT, USA 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fishback, LeeAnn","contributorId":168514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fishback","given":"LeeAnn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25316,"text":"Churchill Northern Studies Centre, P.O. Box 610, Churchill, Manitoba, R0B 0E0, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187524,"text":"70187524 - 2017 - Review: The size of the risk: Histories of multiple use in the Great Basin by Leisl Carr Childers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T10:45:54","indexId":"70187524","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5386,"text":"Pacific Historical Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review: The size of the risk: Histories of multiple use in the Great Basin by Leisl Carr Childers","docAbstract":"In The Size of the Risk, Leisl Carr Childers chronicles the changing ways in which public lands of the Great Basin have been managed from the latter half of the nineteenth century through the late 1970s. The main focus is the State of Nevada, which constitutes the core of the Great Basin. Rather than proceeding chronologically, the book is organized by the uses to which lands were put, including grazing of cattle and sheep, weapons testing by the military, parks and recreation, and grazing of wild mustangs.
Review info: The size of the risk: Histories of multiple use in the Great Basin. By Leisl Carr Childers, 2015. ISBN: 9780806152530, 320pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","doi":"10.1525/phr.2017.86.2.348","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., 2017, Review: The size of the risk: Histories of multiple use in the Great Basin by Leisl Carr Childers: Pacific Historical Review, v. 86, no. 2, p. 348-349, https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2017.86.2.348.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"349","ipdsId":"IP-071570","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b1e4b0e541a03c1a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187518,"text":"70187518 - 2017 - Using publicly available data to quantify plant–pollinator interactions and evaluate conservation seeding mixes in the Northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T10:28:51","indexId":"70187518","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1536,"text":"Environmental Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using publicly available data to quantify plant–pollinator interactions and evaluate conservation seeding mixes in the Northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"Concern over declining pollinators has led to multiple conservation initiatives for improving forage for bees in agroecosystems. Using data available through the Pollinator Library (npwrc.usgs.gov/pollinator/), we summarize plant–pollinator interaction data collected from 2012–2015 on lands managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and private lands enrolled in U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs in eastern North Dakota (ND). Furthermore, we demonstrate how plant–pollinator interaction data from the Pollinator Library and seed cost information can be used to evaluate hypothetical seeding mixes for pollinator habitat enhancements. We summarize records of 314 wild bee and 849 honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) interactions detected on 63 different plant species. The wild bee observations consisted of 46 species, 15 genera, and 5 families. Over 54% of all wild bee observations were represented by three genera―Bombus, Lassioglossum, and Melissodes. The most commonly visited forbs by wild bees were Monarda fistulosa, Sonchus arvensis, and Zizia aurea. The most commonly visited forbs by A. mellifera were Cirsium arvense, Melilotus officinalis, and Medicago sativa. Among all interactions, 13% of A. mellifera and 77% of wild bee observations were made on plants native to ND. Our seed mix evaluation shows that mixes may often need to be tailored to meet the unique needs of wild bees and managed honey bees in agricultural landscapes. Our evaluation also demonstrates the importance of incorporating both biologic and economic information when attempting to design cost-effective seeding mixes for supporting pollinators in a critically important part of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Entomological Society of America","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvx070","usgsCitation":"Otto, C., O’Dell, S., Bryant, R.B., Euliss, N., Bush, R., and Smart, M., 2017, Using publicly available data to quantify plant–pollinator interactions and evaluate conservation seeding mixes in the Northern Great Plains: Environmental Entomology, v. 46, no. 3, p. 565-578, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvx070.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"578","ipdsId":"IP-081790","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b1e4b0e541a03c1a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otto, Clint 0000-0002-7582-3525 cotto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-3525","contributorId":5426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"Clint","email":"cotto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Dell, Samuel sodell@usgs.gov","contributorId":152473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dell","given":"Samuel","email":"sodell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryant, R. B.","contributorId":191824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryant","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr.","contributorId":178233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned H. Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bush, Rachel","contributorId":191796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bush","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smart, Matthew 0000-0003-0711-3035 msmart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-3035","contributorId":174424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Matthew","email":"msmart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}