This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District, documents and refines the locations of principal faults mapped in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area in previous studies. Numerous subsurface faults have been documented beneath the Houston metropolitan area at depths of 3,200 to 13,000 feet. Some of these subsurface faults have affected shallower sediments, offset the present land surface (which has resulted in substantial, costly damage), and produced recognizable fault scarps. Evidence from previous studies indicates that these faults are natural geologic features with histories of movement spanning tens of thousands to millions of years. Present-day scarps reflect only the most recent displacements of faults that were active long before the present land surface of the area was formed.
The precision of previously mapped fault locations was enhanced by overlaying mapped faults on a digital elevation model (DEM) of Harris County derived using light detection and ranging (Lidar). Lidar is a high-precision, laser-based system that enables collection of high-resolution topographic data. Previously mapped faults were adjusted to coincide with surface features that clearly indicate faults, which were made visible by the high-resolution topography depicted on the Lidar-derived DEM.
Results of a previous study, supported by this study, indicate that faults in the southeastern part of the metropolitan area primarily occur in well-defined groups of high fault density. Faults in northern and western parts of the metropolitan area tend to occur either individually or in pairs with little tendency to cluster in high-density groups.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2874","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Shah, S., and Lanning-Rush, J., 2005, Principal faults in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2874, HTML Document: 1 Plate: 35 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2874.","productDescription":"HTML Document: 1 Plate: 35 x 23 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2874/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2874/pdf/sim2874plate.pdf","text":"Plate","size":"87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"}],"scale":"20000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.73333333333333,29.483333333333334 ], [ -95.73333333333333,30.083333333333332 ], [ -94.8,30.083333333333332 ], [ -94.8,29.483333333333334 ], [ -95.73333333333333,29.483333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Sachin D.","contributorId":60174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Sachin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanning-Rush, Jennifer","contributorId":38981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning-Rush","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70439,"text":"sir20045099 - 2005 - Surface-geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, February 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T07:21:00","indexId":"sir20045099","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5099","title":"Surface-geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, February 2003","docAbstract":"Surface-geophysical surveys were conducted in February 2003 at a formerly used defense site in Maine, where residual chlorinated solvents are affecting off-site domestic water-supply wells. The U.S. Geological Survey and Argonne National Laboratory used surface-geophysical methods, including ground-penetrating radar and seismic-refraction tomography, to characterize the lithology and structure of the bedrock at the site and to identify highly fractured areas that may provide pathways for ground-water flow and contaminant transport. Multifrequency electromagnetic and inductive terrain-conductivity methods also were evaluated, but these techniques were adversely affected by a nearby naval computer and telecommunications station.
Interpretation of the data from ground-penetrating radar indicates that depth to the weathered bedrock surface is approximately 0.5 to 3 meters. Reflections from within the bedrock are visible throughout all ground-penetrating radar profiles, and zones of scattered electromagnetic energy may correlate to zones of highly fractured bedrock. Interpretation of the data from seismic-refraction tomography inversion indicates that zones of relatively low seismic velocity and topographic lows may correlate with fractured and water-producing intervals within the bedrock. Integrated interpretation of the results from ground-penetrating radar and seismic-refraction tomography was used to locate boreholes along the surface-geophysical profiles. An integrated analysis of information obtained from the surface- and borehole-geophysical surveys and test drilling will be used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop a conceptual model of ground-water flow and solute transport at the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045099","usgsCitation":"White, E.A., 2005, Surface-geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, February 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5099, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045099.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":90521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":186699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5099/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Machiasport","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.40416667,\n 44.6250000\n ],\n [\n -67.37916667,\n 44.6250000\n ],\n [\n -67.37916667,\n 44.65833333\n ],\n [\n -67.40416667,\n 44.65833333\n ],\n [\n -67.40416667,\n 44.6250000\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70456,"text":"fs20053011 - 2005 - Distance to nearest road in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T15:14:38","indexId":"fs20053011","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3011","title":"Distance to nearest road in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) program has developed a national, high resolution dataset that gives the distance to the nearest road every 30 meters across the conterminous 48 states. This work provides the first unified national picture of roadless space, vehicular accessibility, and intensity of road construction.
\nThe new dataset is the first member of the National Overview Road Metrics (NORM) family of road related indicators. This indicator measures straight-line or Euclidean distance (ED) to the nearest road, and is given the compound name NORM ED. NORM ED data can be viewed and downloaded from the transportation section of the web viewer for The National Map, http://nationalmap.usgs.gov. The full-resolution dataset for the conterminous states is made of 8.7 billion values.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053011","usgsCitation":"Watts, R.D., 2005, Distance to nearest road in the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3011, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053011.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20053011.PNG"},{"id":312592,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3011/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 48.574789910928864\n ],\n [\n -125.859375,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -120.9375,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 31.12819929911196\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -107.841796875,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -104.4140625,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -101.6015625,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -98.96484375,\n 26.58852714730864\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 28.536274512989916\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 24.766784522874453\n ],\n [\n -79.716796875,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 28.22697003891834\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -77.16796875,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -74.53125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 39.50404070558415\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -70.57617187499999,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -70.13671875,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -69.2578125,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -66.62109375,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -67.1484375,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -68.466796875,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -70.13671875,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -72.59765625,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -76.640625,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 48.574789910928864\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 48.864714761802794\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Raymond D.","contributorId":105713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70444,"text":"sir20045247 - 2005 - Regionalized equations for bankfull-discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 5 in central New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:12:09","indexId":"sir20045247","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5247","title":"Regionalized equations for bankfull-discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 5 in central New York","docAbstract":"Equations that relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and channel dimensions (width, depth, and cross-sectional area) at gaged sites are needed to define bankfull discharge and channel dimensions at ungaged sites and to provide information for the design of stream-restoration projects. Such equations are most accurate if derived from streams within an area of uniform hydrologic, climatic, and physiographic conditions and applied only within that region. A study to develop equations to predict bankfull data for ungaged streams in New York established eight regions that coincided with previously defined hydrologic regions. This report presents drainage areas and bankfull characteristics (discharge and channel dimensions) for streams in central New York (Region 5) selected for this pilot study.
Stream-survey data and discharge records from seven active (currently gaged) sites and nine inactive (discontinued gaged) sites were used in regression analyses to relate size of drainage area to bankfull discharge and bankfull channel width, depth, and cross-sectional area. The resulting equations are:
(1) bankfull discharge, in cubic feet per second = 45.3*(drainage area, in square miles)0.856;
(2) bankfull channel width, in feet = 13.5*(drainage area, in square miles)0.449;
(3) bankfull channel depth, in feet = 0.801*(drainage area, in square miles)0.373; and
(4) bankfull channel cross-sectional area, in square feet = 10.8*(drainage area, in square miles)0.823.
The high correlation coefficients (R2) for these four equations (0.96, 0.92, 0.91, 0.98, respectively) indicate that much of the variation in the variables is explained by the size of the drainage area. Recurrence intervals for the estimated bankfull discharge of each stream ranged from 1.11 to 3.40 years; the mean recurrence interval was 1.51 years. The 16 surveyed streams were classified by Rosgen stream type; most were mainly C-type reaches, with occasional B- and F-type reaches. The Region 5 equation was compared with equations developed for six other large areas in the Northeast. The major differences among results indicate a need to refine equations so they can be applied by water-resources managers to local planning and design efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental ConservationDirector, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The South Coastal Drainage Basin includes approximately 59.14 square miles in southern Rhode Island. The basin was divided into three subbasins to assess the water use and availability: the Saugatucket, Point Judith Pond, and the Southwestern Coastal Drainage subbasins. Because there is limited information on the ground-water system in this basin, the water use and availability evaluations for these subbasins were derived from delineated surface-water drainage areas. An assessment was completed to estimate water withdrawals, use, and return flow over a 5-year study period from 1995 through 1999 in the basin. During the study period, one major water supplier in the basin withdrew an average of 0.389 million gallons per day from the sand and gravel deposits. Most of the potable water is imported (about 2.152 million gallons per day) from the adjacent Pawcatuck Basin to the northwest. The estimated water withdrawals from the minor water suppliers, which are all in Charlestown, during the study period were 0.064 million gallons per day. The self-supplied domestic, industrial, commercial, and agricultural withdrawals from the basin were 0.574 million gallons per day. Water use in the basin was 2.874 million gallons per day. The average return flow in the basin was 1.190 million gallons per day, which was entirely from self-disposed water users. In this basin, wastewater from service collection areas was exported (about 1.139 million gallons per day) to the Narragansett Bay Drainage Basin for treatment and discharge.
During times of little to no recharge, in the form of precipitation, the surface- and ground-water system flows are from storage primarily in the stratified sand and gravel deposits, although there is flow moving through the till deposits at a slower rate. The ground water discharging to the streams, during times of little to no precipitation, is referred to as base flow. The PART program, a computerized hydrograph-separation application, was used at the selected index stream-gaging station to determine water availability based on the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles of the total base flow, the base flow minus the 7-day, 10-year flow criteria, and the base flow minus the Aquatic Base Flow criteria at the index station. The base flow calculated at the selected index station was subdivided into two rates on the basis of the percent contributions from sandand-gravel and till deposits. There has been no long-term collection of surface-water data in this study area and therefore an index stream-gaging station in the Pawcatuck Basin was used for the South Coastal Drainage Basin.
The Pawcatuck River at Wood River Junction was chosen as the index station for the South Coastal Drainage Basin because the station is representative of the basin on the basis of the percentage of sand and gravel deposits and the average extent of thickness of the sand and gravel deposits. The baseflow contributions from sand and gravel deposits at the index station were computed for June, July, August, and September, and applied to the percentage of surficial deposits at the index station. The base-flow contributions were converted to a per unit area at the station for the till, and for the sand and gravel deposits and applied to the South Coastal Drainage Basin to determine the water availability. The results from the index station, the Pawcatuck River at Wood River Junction streamgaging station, were lowest for the summer in September. To determine water availability in the South Coastal Drainage Basin, the per unit area of the estimated base flows from sand and gravel deposits and till deposits at the index station was applied to the subbasin areas, and the resultant flows were lowest in September. The base flow at the 75th percentile in the basin was 56.95 million gallons per day in June; 32.78 million gallons per day in July; 30.22 million gallons per day in August; and 23.94 million gallons per day in September. The base flow at the 50th percentile in the basin was 44.59 million gallons per day in June; 25.31 million gallons per day in July; 20.75 million gallons per day in August; and 17.01 million gallons per day in September. The base flow at the 25th percentile in the basin was 35.52 million gallons per day in June; 20.40 million gallons per day in July; 14.94 million gallons per day in August; and 12.00 million gallons per day in September. There are some limitations in the application of this method along the coast, because saltwater intrusion can change the amount of fresh ground-water discharge to the coastal saltwater ecosystem. A ground-water system analysis evaluating these variances would provide additional information to assess the water availability along the coast.
Because water withdrawals and use are greater during the summer than other times of the year, water availability in June, July, August, and September was assessed and compared to water withdrawals in the basin. The ratios were calculated by dividing the water withdrawals by the water-availability flow scenarios at the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles for the basin, which are based on total water available from base-flow contributions from till and sand and gravel deposits in the basin. The closer the ratio is to one, the closer the withdrawals are to the estimated water available, and the net water available decreases. For the study period, the withdrawals in July were higher than the other summer months. The ratios in the basin for the base-flow scenario, with no low-flow criteria removed, ranged from 0.029 to 0.046 in June; 0.059 to 0.094 in July; 0.050 to 0.100 in August; and 0.040 to 0.079 in September.
A long-term hydrologic budget (60 years) was calculated for the South Coastal Drainage Basin to identify and assess the basin and subbasin inflow and outflows. This coastal basin is different than other study areas because all three of the subbasins drain into salt water, Point Judith Point, Long Island Sound, and Rhode Island Sound towards the Atlantic Ocean, or internally within the subbasin to the salt ponds. The hydrologic budgets, therefore, were compiled by subbasin. The basin hydrologic budget is the sum of the three subbasin budgets. Unlike a river subbasin drainage system, however, the estimated streamflows out of the subbasins were also considered outflows from the basin. The water withdrawals and return flows used in the budget were from 1995 through 1999. For the hydrologic budget, it was assumed that inflow equals outflow, where the estimated inflows were from precipitation and wastewater-return flow, and the estimated outflows were from evapotranspiration, streamflow, and water withdrawals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045288","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Wild, E.C., and Nimiroski, M.T., 2005, Estimated water use and availability in the South Coastal Drainage Basin, southern Rhode Island, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5288, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045288.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045288.JPG"},{"id":6971,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5288/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"South Coastal Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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T.","contributorId":65898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimiroski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70414,"text":"ofr20051150 - 2005 - Data for selected gaging stations in the upper Red River of the North Basin in Minnesota, September 2001 through September 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T16:12:45","indexId":"ofr20051150","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1150","title":"Data for selected gaging stations in the upper Red River of the North Basin in Minnesota, September 2001 through September 2003","docAbstract":"Surface-water and water-quality data were collected to use in development of upper Red River of the North Basin Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). This report presents the data that were collected. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDuring September 2001 through September 2003, data were collected at 13 selected gaging stations in the upper Red River of the North Basin. Continuous streamflow data were collected at three of the gaging stations. Water-quality samples were collected at all 13 gaging stations; and, simultaneous with sample collection, in-stream specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity were measured. Samples were analyzed for selected nutrients, selected bacteria, chlorophyll a, and suspended sediment.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nContinuous in-stream water-quality monitors were installed at two gaging stations to measure specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051150","usgsCitation":"Damschen, W., and Nustad, R.A., 2005, Data for selected gaging stations in the upper Red River of the North Basin in Minnesota, September 2001 through September 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1150, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051150.","productDescription":"93 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6969,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2005-1150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Damschen, William C. wcdamsch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damschen","given":"William C.","email":"wcdamsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70411,"text":"wdrWY042 - 2005 - Water resources data, Wyoming, water year 2004; Volume 2. Ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:47","indexId":"wdrWY042","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WY-04-2","title":"Water resources data, Wyoming, water year 2004; Volume 2. Ground water","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Wyoming consist of records of stage, discharge and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 1 of this report contains discharge records for 164 gaging stations; water quality for 43 gaging stations and 45 ungaged stations, and stage and contents for one reservoir. Volume 2 of this report contains water levels records for 64 wells. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent part of the National Water Information System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Wyoming.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrWY042","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., Woodruff, R.E., Laidlaw, G., Clark, M.L., and Miller, K.A., 2005, Water resources data, Wyoming, water year 2004; Volume 2. Ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WY-04-2, 193 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWY042.","productDescription":"193 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6967,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-wy-04/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0a73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, K.R.","contributorId":79544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodruff, R. E.","contributorId":102556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laidlaw, G.A.","contributorId":31819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidlaw","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, M. L.","contributorId":19595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, K. A.","contributorId":81848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70415,"text":"ofr20041412 - 2005 - Correlation analysis of a ground-water level monitoring network, Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:47","indexId":"ofr20041412","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1412","title":"Correlation analysis of a ground-water level monitoring network, Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey cooperative ground-water monitoring program in Miami-Dade County, Florida, expanded from 4 to 98 continuously recording water-level monitoring wells during the 1939-2001 period. Network design was based on area specific assessments; however, no countywide statistical assessments of network coverage had been performed for the purpose of assessing network redundancy.\r\n\r\nTo aid in the assessment of network redundancy, correlation analyses were performed using S-PLUS 2000 statistical analysis software for daily maximum water-level data from 98 monitoring wells for the November 1, 1973, to October 31, 2000 period. Because of the complexities of the hydrologic, water-supply, and water-management systems in Miami-Dade County and the changes that have occurred to these systems through time, spatial and temporal variations in the degree of correlation had to be considered. To assess temporal variation in correlation, water-level data from each well were subdivided by year and by wet and dry seasons. For each well, year, and season, correlation analyses were performed on the data from those wells that had available data. For selected wells, the resulting correlation coefficients from each year and season were plotted with respect to time. To assess spatial variation in correlation, the coefficients determined from the correlation analysis were averaged. These average wet- and dry-season correlation coefficients were plotted spatially using geographic information system software.\r\n\r\nWells with water-level data that correlated with a coefficient of 0.95 or greater were almost always located in relatively close proximity to each other. Five areas were identified where the water-level data from wells within the area remained correlated with that of other wells in the area during the wet and dry seasons. These areas are located in or near the C-1 and C-102 basins (2 wells), in or near the C-6 and C-7 basins (2 wells), near the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority Well Field (2 wells), near the Hialeah-Miami Springs Well Field (6 wells), and near the West Well Field (21 wells). Data from the remaining 65 wells (most of the wells in the network) generally were not correlated with those of other wells during both the wet and dry seasons with an average coefficient of 0.95 or greater for the comparison.\r\n\r\nBecause many of the wells near the West Well Field and some near the Hialeah-Miami Springs Well Field had not been in operation for very long (most having been installed in 1994), the averaged correlation coefficients for these wells were often determined using only a few seasons of data. For the few instances where water-level data were found to be well correlated on average for a lengthy period of record, short-term declines in correlation were often identified. In general, it would be beneficial to compare data for longer periods of record than currently available.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041412","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., 2005, Correlation analysis of a ground-water level monitoring network, Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1412, 3 p. online publication, illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041412.","productDescription":"3 p. online publication, illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6970,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1412/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70410,"text":"wdrMT042 - 2005 - Water resources data, Montana, water year 2005: Volume 2. Yellowstone and upper Columbia River basins and ground-water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:47","indexId":"wdrMT042","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MT-04-2","title":"Water resources data, Montana, water year 2005: Volume 2. Yellowstone and upper Columbia River basins and ground-water levels","docAbstract":"Water resources data for Montana for the 2004 water year, volumes 1 and 2, consist of records of \r\nstage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and \r\nreservoirs; and water levels in wells. This volume contains discharge records for 119 \r\nstreamflow-gaging stations; stage or content records for 21 lakes and reservoirs; and \r\nwater-quality records for 69 streamflow stations (17 ungaged), and 3 lake sites; water-level \r\nrecords for 51 observation wells; and precipitation and water-quality records for 2 \r\natmospheric-deposition stations. Additional water year 2004 data collected at crest-stage \r\ngage and miscellaneous-measurement sites were collected but are not published in this report. \r\nThese data are stored within the District office files in Helena and are available on request. \r\nThese data represent part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological \r\nSurvey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Montana.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMT042","usgsCitation":"Berkas, W.R., White, M.K., Ladd, P.B., Bailey, F.A., and Dodge, K.A., 2005, Water resources data, Montana, water year 2005: Volume 2. Yellowstone and upper Columbia River basins and ground-water levels: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MT-04-2, 560 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMT042.","productDescription":"560 p.","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6966,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-mt-04/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f1090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkas, Wayne R. wrberkas@usgs.gov","contributorId":425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkas","given":"Wayne","email":"wrberkas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Melvin K. mwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":1563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Melvin","email":"mwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladd, Patricia B.","contributorId":64321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, Fred A. fbailey@usgs.gov","contributorId":1561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Fred","email":"fbailey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70407,"text":"wdrWY041 - 2005 - Water resources data, Wyoming, water year 2004; Volume 1. Surface water; with List of discontinued and active surface-water, water-quality, sediment, and biological stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:47","indexId":"wdrWY041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WY-04-1","title":"Water resources data, Wyoming, water year 2004; Volume 1. Surface water; with List of discontinued and active surface-water, water-quality, sediment, and biological stations","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Wyoming consist of records of stage, discharge and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 1 of this report contains discharge records for 164 gaging stations; water quality for 43 gaging stations and 45 ungaged stations, and stage and contents for one reservoir. Volume 2 of this report contains water levels records for 64 wells. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent part of the National Water Information System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Wyoming.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrWY041","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., Woodruff, R.E., Laidlaw, G., Clark, M.L., and Miller, K.A., 2005, Water resources data, Wyoming, water year 2004; Volume 1. Surface water; with List of discontinued and active surface-water, water-quality, sediment, and biological stations: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WY-04-1, 592 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWY041.","productDescription":"592 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6965,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-wy-04/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, K.R.","contributorId":79544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodruff, R. E.","contributorId":102556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laidlaw, G.A.","contributorId":31819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidlaw","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, M. L.","contributorId":19595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, K. A.","contributorId":81848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70404,"text":"wdrMT041 - 2005 - Water resources data, Montana, water year 2005: Volume 1. Hudson Bay and upper Missouri River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:47","indexId":"wdrMT041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MT-04-1","title":"Water resources data, Montana, water year 2005: Volume 1. Hudson Bay and upper Missouri River basins","docAbstract":"Water resources data for Montana for the 2004 water year, volumes 1 and 2, consist of records of \r\nstage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and \r\nreservoirs; and water levels in wells. This volume contains discharge records for 134 \r\nstreamflow-gaging stations; stage or content records for 18 lakes and reservoirs; and \r\nwater-quality records for 66 streamflow stations (34 ungaged), and 13 ground-water wells. \r\nAdditional water year 2004 data collected at crest-stage gage and miscellaneous-measurement \r\nsites were collected but are not published in this report. These data are stored within \r\nthe District office files in Helena and are available on request. These data represent \r\npart of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and \r\ncooperating State and Federal agencies in Montana.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMT041","usgsCitation":"Berkas, W.R., White, M.K., Ladd, P.B., Bailey, F.A., and Dodge, K.A., 2005, Water resources data, Montana, water year 2005: Volume 1. Hudson Bay and upper Missouri River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MT-04-1, 505 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMT041.","productDescription":"505 p.","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6962,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-mt-04/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f123f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkas, Wayne R. wrberkas@usgs.gov","contributorId":425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkas","given":"Wayne","email":"wrberkas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Melvin K. mwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":1563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Melvin","email":"mwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladd, Patricia B.","contributorId":64321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, Fred A. fbailey@usgs.gov","contributorId":1561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Fred","email":"fbailey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70401,"text":"sir20055038 - 2005 - Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water recharge and base flow at a small watershed underlain by fractured bedrock in the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T10:47:56","indexId":"sir20055038","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5038","title":"Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water recharge and base flow at a small watershed underlain by fractured bedrock in the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"This study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture, compared multiple methods for estimating ground-water recharge and base flow (as a proxy for recharge) at sites in east-central Pennsylvania underlain by fractured bedrock and representative of a humid-continental climate. This study was one of several within the USGS Ground-Water Resources Program designed to provide an improved understanding of methods for estimating recharge in the eastern United States.\r\n\r\nRecharge was estimated on a monthly and annual basis using four methods?(1) unsaturated-zone drainage collected in gravity lysimeters, (2) daily water balance, (3) water-table fluctuations in wells, and (4) equations of Rorabaugh. Base flow was estimated by streamflow-hydrograph separation using the computer programs PART and HYSEP. Estimates of recharge and base flow were compared for an 8-year period (1994-2001) coinciding with operation of the gravity lysimeters at an experimental recharge site (Masser Recharge Site) and a longer 34-year period (1968-2001), for which climate and streamflow data were available on a 2.8-square-mile watershed (WE-38 watershed). \r\n\r\nEstimates of mean-annual recharge at the Masser Recharge Site and WE-38 watershed for 1994-2001 ranged from 9.9 to 14.0 inches (24 to 33 percent of precipitation). Recharge, in inches, from the various methods was: unsaturated-zone drainage, 12.2; daily water balance, 12.3; Rorabaugh equations with PULSE, 10.2, or RORA, 14.0; and water-table fluctuations, 9.9. Mean-annual base flow from streamflow-hydrograph separation ranged from 9.0 to 11.6 inches (21-28 percent of precipitation). Base flow, in inches, from the various methods was: PART, 10.7; HYSEP Local Minimum, 9.0; HYSEP Sliding Interval, 11.5; and HYSEP Fixed Interval, 11.6.\r\n\r\nEstimating recharge from multiple methods is useful, but the inherent differences of the methods must be considered when comparing results. For example, although unsaturated-zone drainage from the gravity lysimeters provided the most direct measure of potential recharge, it does not incorporate spatial variability that is contained in watershed-wide estimates of net recharge from the Rorabaugh equations or base flow from streamflow-hydrograph separation. This study showed that water-level fluctuations, in particular, should be used with caution to estimate recharge in low-storage fractured-rock aquifers because of the variability of water-level response among wells and sensitivity of recharge to small errors in estimating specific yield. To bracket the largest range of plausible recharge, results from this study indicate that recharge derived from RORA should be compared with base flow from the Local-Minimum version of HYSEP.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055038","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., Gburek, W.J., and Folmar, G.J., 2005, Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water recharge and base flow at a small watershed underlain by fractured bedrock in the Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5038, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055038.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.11666666666666,41.11666666666667 ], [ -77.11666666666666,41.25 ], [ -76.83333333333333,41.25 ], [ -76.83333333333333,41.11666666666667 ], [ -77.11666666666666,41.11666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gburek, William J.","contributorId":51381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gburek","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folmar, Gordon J.","contributorId":77601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folmar","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70400,"text":"wdrWV041 - 2005 - Water resources data-West Virginia, water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:03","indexId":"wdrWV041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WV-04-1","title":"Water resources data-West Virginia, water year 2004","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2004 water year for West Virginia consist of records of stream discharge, reservoir and ground-water levels, and water quality of streams and ground-water wells. This report contains discharge records for 65 streamflow-gaging stations; discharge records provided by adjacent states for 8 streamflow-gaging stations; annual maximum discharge at 17 crest-stage partial-record stations; stage records for 14 detention reservoirs; water-quality records for 2 stations; and water-level records for 10 observation wells. Locations of streamflow, detention reservoir, and water-quality stations are shown on figure 4. Locations of ground-water observation wells are shown on figure 5. Additional water-quality data were collected at various sites, not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in West Virginia.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrWV041","usgsCitation":"Ward, S., Rosier, M., and Crosby, G., 2005, Water resources data-West Virginia, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WV-04-1, 312 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWV041.","productDescription":"312 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6945,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-wv-04-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, S.M.","contributorId":93920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosier, M.T.","contributorId":66341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosier","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crosby, G.R.","contributorId":59875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosby","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70398,"text":"sir20045272 - 2005 - Monitoring channel morphology and bluff erosion at two installations of flow-deflecting vanes, North Fish Creek, Wisconsin, 2000-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-16T09:05:53","indexId":"sir20045272","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5272","title":"Monitoring channel morphology and bluff erosion at two installations of flow-deflecting vanes, North Fish Creek, Wisconsin, 2000-03","docAbstract":"Flow-deflecting vanes were installed in the streambed along two meander bends with eroding bluffs in 2000 and 2001 in the upper main stem of North Fish Creek, a tributary to Lake Superior in Wisconsin. About 45 vanes were arranged in 15 arrays at each site to deflect the flow away from the eroding toe or base of the bluff (outside of a bend) and toward the point bar (inside of a bend). Channel cross-section and bluff-erosion surveys were done and streamflow and stage were measured before, during, and after vane installation to monitor changes in channel morphology and bluff erosion in the context of hydrologic conditions. There were two large floods in the study area in spring 2001 (recurrence interval of approximately 100 years) and in spring 2002 (recurrence intervals of approximately 50 years). Some maintenance and replacement of vanes were needed after the floods. Most of the channel-morphology changes resulted from the large floods, and fewer changes resulted from near-bankfull or at-bankfull flows (one in October 2002 and four in April and May 2003). At the bluff located 16.4 river miles upstream of the creek mouth (site 16.4), the vanes deflected flow and caused the channel to migrate away from the base of the bluff and toward the point bar, allowing sediment to deposit along the bluff base. The 361-foot reach at site 16.4 had a net gain of 6,740 cubic feet of sediment over the entire monitoring period (2000?03). Deposition (10,660 cubic feet) occurred mainly along the base of the bluff in the downstream part of the bend. Erosion occurred at site 16.4 along the streambed, the point bar side of the channel, and along a midchannel bar (1,220, 1,610, and 1,090 cubic feet, respectively). Less channel migration was observed during 2001-03 at another bluff located 12.2 river miles upstream of the creek mouth (site 12.2), which had a net loss of sediment through the 439-foot reach of 2,800 cubic feet over the monitored time period. The main volume of sediment was lost from the bluff toe in the downstream part of the bend (7,100 cubic feet). Monitored channel-morphology changes at site 12.2 were less than at site 16.4, most likely because installation was done after the April 2001 flood, which caused major changes in channel morphology at site 16.4, and because the monitoring period was shorter than at site 16.4. Bluff-erosion data from both sites indicate that mass wasting and block failures from the bluff top occur episodically and will continue to occur for decades or more.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045272","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Peppler, M.C., Schwar, H.E., Hoopes, J.A., and Diebel, M.W., 2005, Monitoring channel morphology and bluff erosion at two installations of flow-deflecting vanes, North Fish Creek, Wisconsin, 2000-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5272, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045272.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311332,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5272/pdf/SIR_2004-5272.pdf"},{"id":6943,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Bayfield County","otherGeospatial":"North Fish Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.81828308105469,\n 46.67582559793001\n ],\n [\n -88.81828308105469,\n 46.854086972433336\n ],\n [\n -88.44818115234375,\n 46.854086972433336\n ],\n [\n -88.44818115234375,\n 46.67582559793001\n ],\n [\n -88.81828308105469,\n 46.67582559793001\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwar, Heather E.","contributorId":82804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwar","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoopes, John A.","contributorId":16516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoopes","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diebel, Matthew W. 0000-0002-5164-598X mdiebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-598X","contributorId":33762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diebel","given":"Matthew","email":"mdiebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70395,"text":"sir20055042 - 2005 - Effects of historical coal mining and drainage from abandoned mines on streamflow and water quality in Bear Creek, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania — March 1999–December 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T20:41:46.353971","indexId":"sir20055042","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5042","title":"Effects of historical coal mining and drainage from abandoned mines on streamflow and water quality in Bear Creek, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania — March 1999–December 2002","docAbstract":"More than 100 years of anthracite coal mining has changed surface- and ground-water hydrology and contaminated streams draining the Southern Anthracite Coal Field in east-central Pennsylvania. Bear Creek drains the western prong of the Southern Anthracite Coal Field and is affected by metals in drainage from abandoned mines and streamwater losses. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) developed for dissolved iron of about 5 lb/d (pounds per day) commonly are exceeded in the reach downstream of mine discharges. Restoration of Bear Creek using aerobic ponds to passively remove iron in abandoned mine drainage is under consideration (2004) by the Dauphin County Conservation District. This report, prepared in cooperation with the Dauphin County Conservation District, evaluates chemical and hydrologic data collected in Bear Creek and its receiving waters prior to implementation of mine-drainage treatment. The data collected represent the type of baseline information needed for documentation of water-quality changes following passive treatment of mine drainage in Pennsylvania and in other similar hydrogeologic settings.\r\n\r\nSeven surface-water sites on Bear Creek and two mine discharges were monitored for nearly three years to characterize the chemistry and hydrology of the following: (1) Bear Creek upstream of the mine discharges (BC-UMD), (2) water draining from the Lykens-Williamstown Mine Pool at the Lykens Water-Level Tunnel (LWLT) and Lykens Drift (LD) discharges, (3) Bear Creek after mixing with the mine discharges (BC-DMD), and (4) Bear Creek prior to mixing with Wiconisco Creek (BCM). Two sites on Wiconisco Creek, upstream and downstream of Bear Creek (WC-UBC and WC-DBC, respectively), were selected to evaluate changes in streamflow and water quality upon mixing with Bear Creek. \r\n\r\nDuring periods of below-normal precipitation, streamwater loss was commonly 100 percent upstream of site BC-UMD (streamflow range = 0 to 9.7 ft3/s (cubic feet per second)) but no loss was detected downstream owing to sustained mine water drainage from the Lykens Water-Level Tunnel (range = 0.41 to 3.7 ft3/s), Lykens Drift (range = 0.40 to 6.1 ft3/s), and diffuse zones of seepage. Collectively, mine water inputs contributed about 84 percent of base flow and 53 percent of stormflow measured in the downstream reach. \r\nAn option under consideration by the Dauphin County Conservation District for treatment of the discharge from the LWLT requires the source of the discharge to be captured and rerouted downstream, bypassing approximately 1,000 feet of stream channel. Because streamwater loss upstream of the tunnel was commonly 100 percent, rerouting the discharge from the LWLT may extend the reach of Bear Creek that is subject to dryness. \r\n\r\nDifferences in the chemistry of water discharging from the LWLT compared to the LD suggest that the flow path through the Lykens-Williamstown Mine Pool to each mine discharge is unique. The LWLT is marginally alkaline (median net acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) = 9 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as CaCO3; median pH = 5.9), commonly becomes acidic (minimum net ANC = -74 mg/L as CaCO3) at low flow, and may benefit from alkaline amendments prior to passive treatment. Water discharging from the LD provides excess ANC (median net ANC = 123 mg/L as CaCO3; median pH = 6.5) to the downstream reach and is nearly anoxic at its source (median dissolved oxygen = 0.5 mg/L). Low dissolved oxygen water with relatively high ANC and metals concentrations discharging from the LD is characteristic of a deeper flow path and longer residence time within the mine pool than the more acidic, oxygenated water discharging from the LWLT.\r\n\r\nTMDLs for iron have been developed for dissolved species only. Consequently, distinguishing between dissolved and suspended iron in Bear Creek is important for evaluating water-quality improvement through TMDL attainment. Median total iron concentration increased from 550 mg/L (micrograms per liter) at site BC-UM","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055042","usgsCitation":"Chaplin, J.J., 2005, Effects of historical coal mining and drainage from abandoned mines on streamflow and water quality in Bear Creek, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania — March 1999–December 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5042, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055042.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6942,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394211,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_71628.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Dauphin County","otherGeospatial":"Bear Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.7061,\n 40.5667\n ],\n [\n -76.6894,\n 40.5667\n ],\n [\n -76.6894,\n 40.5892\n ],\n [\n -76.7061,\n 40.5892\n ],\n [\n -76.7061,\n 40.5667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaplin, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-0617-5050 jchaplin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-5050","contributorId":147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jchaplin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70393,"text":"sir20045266 - 2005 - Statistical summaries of streamflow in Montana and adjacent areas, water years 1900 through 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:03","indexId":"sir20045266","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5266","title":"Statistical summaries of streamflow in Montana and adjacent areas, water years 1900 through 2002","docAbstract":"In response to the need to have more current information about streamflow characteristics in Montana, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, and Bureau of Land Management, conducted a study to analyze streamflow data. Updated statistical summaries of streamflow characteristics are presented for 286 streamflow-gaging sites in Montana and adjacent areas having 10 or more years of record for water years 1900 through 2002. Data include the magnitude and probability of annual low and high flow, the magnitude and probability of low flow for three seasons (March-June, July-October, and November-February), flow duration of the daily mean discharge, and the monthly and annual mean discharges. For streamflow-gaging stations where 20 percent or more of the contributing drainage basin is affected by dams or other large-scale human modification, streamflow is considered regulated. Separate streamflow characteristics are presented for the unregulated and regulated periods of record for sites with sufficient data.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045266","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, P., 2005, Statistical summaries of streamflow in Montana and adjacent areas, water years 1900 through 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5266, 317 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045266.","productDescription":"317 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6940,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f3e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Peter 0000-0002-2396-7463 pmccarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-7463","contributorId":2504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Peter","email":"pmccarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70383,"text":"fs20053020 - 2005 - Trends in the water budget of the Mississippi River basin, 1949-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T20:16:45","indexId":"fs20053020","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3020","title":"Trends in the water budget of the Mississippi River basin, 1949-1997","docAbstract":"This Fact Sheet is one in a series that highlights information or recent research findings from the USGS National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP). The investigations and scientific results reported in this series require a nationally consistent streamgaging network with stable long-term monitoring sites and a rigorous program of data quality assurance, management, archiving, and synthesis. NSIP produces multi-purpose, unbiased surface water information that is readily accessible to all.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053020","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., 2005, Trends in the water budget of the Mississippi River basin, 1949-1997: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3020, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053020.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3020.bmp"},{"id":10760,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624f59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70386,"text":"sir20055032 - 2005 - Occurrence and distribution of volatile organic compounds and pesticides in ground water in relation to hydrogeologic characteristics and land use in the Santa Ana basin, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:03","indexId":"sir20055032","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5032","title":"Occurrence and distribution of volatile organic compounds and pesticides in ground water in relation to hydrogeologic characteristics and land use in the Santa Ana basin, southern California","docAbstract":" This report presents an evaluation of the occurrence and distribution of VOCs and pesticides in the Santa Ana ground-water basins in relation to two types of explanatory factors: hydrogeologic characteristics and land use. The Santa Ana Basin is subdivided into the San Jacinto, the Inland, and the Coastal ground-water basins. Most wells sampled were deep and used for public supply. Data from regional studies were used to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of pesticides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in relation to hydrogeologic characteristics and land uses that could potentially explain variations between basins. Additional data from special studies (flow path and aquifer susceptibility) were used to evaluate potential factors affecting water quality for individual basins. The hydrogeologic characteristics evaluated in this report were hydrogeologic setting, ground-water age, depth to the top of the well screen (top of well perforations), and proximity to engineered recharge facilities. Urban land use, agricultural land use, and population density were characterized within a 500-meter radius of sampled wells and at the basin scale. \r\n\r\n Aquifers in the San Jacinto Basin are generally unconfined, and major land-use categories are urban (33 percent), agricultural (37 percent), and undeveloped (25 percent). Recharge is primarily from the overlying landscape, but engineered recharge is locally important in the Hemet area. VOCs and pesticides were detected more frequently in younger ground water (less than 50 years old) than in older ground water, and more frequently in shallower wells than deeper wells; the numbers of VOCs and pesticides detected also were significantly higher in the younger ground water and in the shallower wells. In the Hemet area of the San Jacinto Basin, VOCs and pesticides were detected more frequently in wells proximal to engineered recharge facilities than in distal wells. These patterns illustrate the importance of proximity to sources of recharge in relation to the occurrence and distribution of VOCs and pesticides in ground water. \r\n\r\n Aquifers in the Inland Basin also are generally unconfined, and the major land-use category is urban (58 percent), with lesser amounts of agricultural (13 percent) and undeveloped (28 percent) land. Recharge is from engineered facilities that utilize local runoff and imported water and from vertical infiltration. VOCs and pesticides were detected more frequently in younger ground water than in older ground water, and more frequently in shallower wells than deeper wells. The number of VOCs detected per well also was significantly higher in the younger ground water and in the shallower wells. Several solvent plumes extending between 5 and 10 kilometers illustrate the large distances that contaminants travel in basins with intensive use of ground water. \r\n\r\n Aquifers in the Coastal Basin, in contrast to the other basins, are generally confined. Land use in the basin is largely urban (80 percent), with lesser amounts of agricultural (7 percent) and undeveloped (12 percent) land. Recharge is primarily from engineered facilities that utilize water diverted from the Santa Ana River and imported water. Consequently, VOCs and pesticides were detected more frequently in wells proximal to engineered recharge facilities than in distal wells. These compounds were also detected more frequently in the unconfined area than in the confined area of the basin. In the confined area, the numbers of VOCs and pesticides detected per well were not significantly different in wells with shallower and deeper screens. This distribution reflects the dominance of lateral flow and insulation from overlying land use in the confined aquifers of the Coastal Basin. \r\n\r\n In the unconfined area of the Coastal Basin, the numbers of VOCs and pesticides detected per well were significantly higher in shallower wells than in deeper wells. VOC and pesticide detections were not statist","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055032","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., Belitz, K., and Johnson, T.D., 2005, Occurrence and distribution of volatile organic compounds and pesticides in ground water in relation to hydrogeologic characteristics and land use in the Santa Ana basin, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5032, vii, 40 p., illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055032.","productDescription":"vii, 40 p., illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6937,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20055032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6961bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, Scott N.","contributorId":27040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188 tyjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":1440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler","email":"tyjohns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70382,"text":"fs20053017 - 2005 - Streamflow trends in the United States...from the National Streamflow Information Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T14:10:30","indexId":"fs20053017","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3017","title":"Streamflow trends in the United States...from the National Streamflow Information Program","docAbstract":"This Fact Sheet is one in a series that highlights information or recent research findings from the USGS National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP). 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The investigations and scientific results reported in this series require a nationally consistent streamgaging network with stable long-term monitoring sites and a rigorous program of data quality assurance, management, archiving, and synthesis. NSIP produces multi-purpose, unbiased surface water information that is readily accessible to all.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053019","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., and Dudley, R.W., 2005, Changes in streamflow timing in New England during the 20th century... from the National Streamflow Information Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3019, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053019.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3019.bmp"},{"id":10761,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 47.11499982620772\n ],\n [\n -69.10400390625,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 45.49094569262732\n ],\n [\n -71.69677734375,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -73.5205078125,\n 45.120052841530544\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -69.7412109375,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -70.751953125,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -70.07080078125,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 44.902577996288876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6a58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70378,"text":"wdrCT041 - 2005 - Water resources data, Connecticut, water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"wdrCT041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CT-04-1","title":"Water resources data, Connecticut, water year 2004","docAbstract":"This report includes records on both surface and ground water in the State. Specifically, it contains: (1) discharge records for 51 streamflow-gaging stations and for 42 partial-record streamflow stations and miscellaneous sites; (2) stage-only records for 4 tidal-gaging stations; (3) water-quality records for 16 streamflow-gaging stations, for 20 ungaged stream sites, and temperature at 1 reservoir site; and (4) water-level records for 74 observation wells. Additional data are published for 3 miscellaneous surface-water sites and for 60 miscellaneous ground-water sites, which were not part of the systematic data-collection program.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCT041","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J., Provencher, P., Martin, J., and Norris, J., 2005, Water resources data, Connecticut, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CT-04-1, 398 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCT041.","productDescription":"398 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-ct-04-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5ca710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, Jonathan 0000-0002-1756-4609 jmorriso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-4609","contributorId":2274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmorriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Provencher, P.L.","contributorId":51778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provencher","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, J.W.","contributorId":71510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norris, J.R.","contributorId":67153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70371,"text":"tm6C1 - 2005 - Middle Mississippi River decision support system: user's manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"tm6C1","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-C1","title":"Middle Mississippi River decision support system: user's manual","docAbstract":"This user's manual describes the Middle Mississippi River Decision Support System (MMRDSS) and gives detailed examples on its use. The MMRDSS provides a framework to assist decision makers regarding natural resource issues in the Middle Mississippi River floodplain. The MMRDSS is designed to provide users with a spatially explicit tool for tasks, such as inventorying existing knowledge, developing models to investigate the potential effects of management decisions, generating hypotheses to advance scientific understanding, and developing scientifically defensible studies and monitoring. The MMRDSS also includes advanced tools to assist users in evaluating differences in complexity, connectivity, and structure of aquatic habitats among river reaches. The Environmental Systems Research Institute ArcView 3.x platform was used to create and package the data and tools of the MMRDSS.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Book 6. Modeling Techniques, Section C. Decision Support Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm6C1","usgsCitation":"Rohweder, J., Zigler, S.J., Fox, T.J., and Hulse, S.N., 2005, Middle Mississippi River decision support system: user's manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-C1, 59 p.; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6C1.","productDescription":"59 p.; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6532,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm6c01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6352e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J.","contributorId":25629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zigler, Steven J. 0000-0002-4153-0652 szigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0652","contributorId":2410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Steven","email":"szigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, Timothy J. 0000-0002-6167-3001 tfox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6167-3001","contributorId":1701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Timothy","email":"tfox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hulse, Steven N.","contributorId":93576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulse","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70373,"text":"b2172H - 2005 - Growth history of oil reserves in major California oil fields during the twentieth century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"b2172H","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2172","chapter":"H","title":"Growth history of oil reserves in major California oil fields during the twentieth century","docAbstract":"Oil reserves in 12 of California's 52 giant fields (fields with estimated recovery > 100 million barrels of oil) have continued to appreciate well past the age range at which most fields cease to show significant increases in ultimate recovery. Most of these fields were discovered between 1890 and 1920 and grew to volumes greater than 500 million barrels in their first two decades. Growth of reserves in these fields accelerated in th e1950s and 1960s and is mostly explained by application of secondary and tertiary recovery technicques, primarily waterflooding and thermal recovery. The remaining three-fourths of California's giant fields show a pattern of growth in which fields cease to grow significantly by 20-30 years following recovery. virtually all of these fields have estimated ultimate recoveries less than about 500 million barrels and most are in the 100-200 million barrel range. Three of six offshore giant fields, all discovered between 1966 and 1981, have shown decreases in their estimated ultimate sizes within about the first decade after production began, presumably because production volumes ailed to match initial projections.\r\n\r\nThe data suggest that:\r\n\r\n1. Only fields that attain an estimated ultimate size of several hundred million barrels shortly after discovery and have geologic characterisics that make them suceptible to advanced recovery techniques are likely to show substantial late growth.\r\n\r\n2. Offshore fields are less likely to show significant growth, probably because projections based on modern seismic reflection and reservoir test data are unlikely to underestimate the volume of oil in the field.\r\n\r\n3. Secondary and tertiary recovery programs rather than field extensions or new pool discoveries are responsible for most of the significant growth of reserves in California. \r\n\r\n4. field size data collected ove rmany decades provide a more comprehensive context for inferring reasons for reserve appreciation than shorter data series such as the Oil and Gas Integrated Field file (OGIFF) from the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (EIA). \r\n\r\n5. Efforts to project future growth in California fields, and perhaps fields in other regions, should focus on evaulating the potential for enhanced recovery in fields with current estimated ultimate recoveries of about 250-500 million barrels. \r\n\r\n6. By analogy with oil, attempts to project growth in gas reservoirs, in California and perhaps elsewhere, should focus on larger fields with lower permeability reservoirs where advances in recovery technology, such as perhaps horizontal drilling, are more likely to add substantial reserves.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2172H","usgsCitation":"Tennyson, M., 2005, Growth history of oil reserves in major California oil fields during the twentieth century (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2172, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2172H.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6533,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2172-h/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tennyson, Marilyn E. 0000-0002-5166-2421 tennyson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-2421","contributorId":23564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennyson","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"tennyson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}