We coupled intensive population monitoring with collection of blood samples from 383 nesting Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollisima v-nigrum) at two locations in Alaska (USA) from 2002 to 2004. We investigated annual, geographic, and within-season variation in blood concentrations of lead and selenium; compared exposure patterns with sympatrically nesting spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri); and examined relationships with clutch size, egg viability, probability of hatching, and apparent survival of adult females. Lead concentrations were elevated in 3.6% of females, and all individuals exhibited elevated selenium, most (81%) at concentrations associated with death in captive waterfowl. Blood lead and selenium concentrations varied both within and among site-years and were lower than those of spectacled eiders. During incubation, blood lead concentrations in females increased significantly (possibly via re-release of stored lead from bone), whereas selenium concentrations decreased (likely because of natural excretion). Probability of a nest containing at least one nonviable egg was positively related to blood selenium in hens, but adverse effects in other life-history variables were not supported. Although reproduction appeared to be sensitive to selenium toxicity, our data suggest that high rates of nonviability are unlikely in this population and that selenium-related reductions to clutch size would be inconsequential at the scale of overall population dynamics. We conclude that Pacific common eiders and other wild marine birds likely have higher selenium tolerances than freshwater species and that interspecific differences in exposure levels may reflect differences in reproductive strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-537R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wilson, H., Flint, P.L., and Powell, A., 2007, Coupling contaminants with demography: Effects of lead and selenium in Pacific common eiders: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1410-1417, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-537R.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1410","endPage":"1417","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-537R.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc8ce4b0c8380cd4e2ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, H.M.","contributorId":37306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190599,"text":"70190599 - 2007 - Appropriate postfire management for the 2007 Griffith park Fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T15:03:09","indexId":"70190599","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5487,"text":"Newsletter of the Los Angeles & San Gabriel Rivers Watershed Council","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appropriate postfire management for the 2007 Griffith park Fire","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Los Angeles & San Gabriel Rivers Watershed Council","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 2007, Appropriate postfire management for the 2007 Griffith park Fire: Newsletter of the Los Angeles & San Gabriel Rivers Watershed Council, v. 11, no. 1, p. 3-5.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b3ac34e4b08b1644d8f1c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030003,"text":"70030003 - 2007 - The role of natural vegetative disturbance in determining stream reach characteristics in central Idaho and western Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T07:30:49","indexId":"70030003","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of natural vegetative disturbance in determining stream reach characteristics in central Idaho and western Montana","docAbstract":"We evaluated the relationship between natural vegetative disturbance and changes in stream habitat and macroinvertebrate metrics within 33 randomly selected minimally managed watersheds in central Idaho and western Montana. Changes in stream reach conditions were related to vegetative disturbance for the time periods from 1985 to 1993 and 1993 to 2000, respectively, at the following three spatial scales; within the stream buffer and less than 1 km from the evaluated reach, within the watershed and within 1 km of the stream reach, and within the watershed. Data for stream reaches were based on field surveys and vegetative disturbance was generated for the watershed above the sampled reach using remotely sensed data and geographical information systems. Large scale (>100 ha) vegetative disturbance was common within the study area. Even though natural vegetative disturbance rates were high, we found that few of the measured attributes were related to the magnitude of vegetative disturbance. The three physical habitat attributes that changed significantly were sinuosity, median particle size, and percentage of undercut bank; each was related to the disturbance in the earlier (1985-1993) time frame. There was a significant relationship between changes in two macroinvertebrate metrics, abundance and percent collectors/filterers, and the magnitude of disturbance during the more recent time period (1993-2000). We did not find a consistent relationship between the location of the disturbance within the watershed and changes in stream conditions. Our findings suggest that natural vegetative disturbance within the northern Rocky Mountains is complex but likely does not result in substantial short-term changes in the characteristics of most stream reaches. ?? 2007 by the Northwest Scientific Association. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/0029-344X-81.3.224","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Roper, B., Jarvis, B., and Kershner, J.L., 2007, The role of natural vegetative disturbance in determining stream reach characteristics in central Idaho and western Montana: Northwest Science, v. 81, no. 3, p. 224-238, https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-81.3.224.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 44.134913443750726\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf88e4b08c986b324883","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roper, B.B.","contributorId":65280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roper","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarvis, B.","contributorId":69785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kershner, J. L.","contributorId":100322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030005,"text":"70030005 - 2007 - A field assessment of the value of steady shape hydraulic tomography for characterization of aquifer heterogeneities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T17:34:05","indexId":"70030005","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field assessment of the value of steady shape hydraulic tomography for characterization of aquifer heterogeneities","docAbstract":"Hydraulic tomography is a promising approach for obtaining information on variations in hydraulic conductivity on the scale of relevance for contaminant transport investigations. This approach involves performing a series of pumping tests in a format similar to tomography. We present a field‐scale assessment of hydraulic tomography in a porous aquifer, with an emphasis on the steady shape analysis methodology. The hydraulic conductivity (K) estimates from steady shape and transient analyses of the tomographic data compare well with those from a tracer test and direct‐push permeameter tests, providing a field validation of the method. Zonations based on equal‐thickness layers and cross‐hole radar surveys are used to regularize the inverse problem. The results indicate that the radar surveys provide some useful information regarding the geometry of the K field. The steady shape analysis provides results similar to the transient analysis at a fraction of the computational burden. This study clearly demonstrates the advantages of hydraulic tomography over conventional pumping tests, which provide only large‐scale averages, and small‐scale hydraulic tests (e.g., slug tests), which cannot assess strata connectivity and may fail to sample the most important pathways or barriers to flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR004932","usgsCitation":"Bohling, G.C., Butler, J.J., Zhan, X., and Knoll, M.D., 2007, A field assessment of the value of steady shape hydraulic tomography for characterization of aquifer heterogeneities: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 5, Article W05430; 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR004932.","productDescription":"Article W05430; 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477286,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/18966","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3cee4b0c8380cd4622c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, James J. Jr.","contributorId":199860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhan, Xiaoyong","contributorId":140206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhan","given":"Xiaoyong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knoll, Michael D.","contributorId":195370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knoll","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030057,"text":"70030057 - 2007 - A closer look at water-related geologic activity on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T16:16:30","indexId":"70030057","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A closer look at water-related geologic activity on Mars","docAbstract":"Water has supposedly marked the surface of Mars and produced characteristic landforms. To understand the history of water on Mars, we take a close look at key locations with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, reaching fine spatial scales of 25 to 32 centimeters per pixel. Boulders ranging up to ∼2 meters in diameter are ubiquitous in the middle to high latitudes, which include deposits previously interpreted as finegrained ocean sediments or dusty snow. Bright gully deposits identify six locations with very recent activity, but these lie on steep (20° to 35°) slopes where dry mass wasting could occur. Thus, we cannot confirm the reality of ancient oceans or water in active gullies but do see evidence of fluvial modification of geologically recent mid-latitude gullies and equatorial impact craters.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","doi":"10.1126/science.1143987","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., Hansen, C., Delamere, W., Eliason, E.M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Keszthelyi, L., Gulick, V.C., Kirk, R.L., Mellon, M.T., Grant, J.A., Thomas, N., Weitz, C., Squyres, S.W., Bridges, N., Murchie, S., Seelos, F., Seelos, K., Okubo, C., Milazzo, M., Tornabene, L., Jaeger, W., Byrne, S., Russell, P., Griffes, J., Martinez-Alonso, S., Davatzes, A., Chuang, F.C., Thomson, B., Fishbaugh, K., Dundas, C.M., Kolb, K., Banks, M.E., and Wray, J., 2007, A closer look at water-related geologic activity on Mars: Science, v. 317, no. 5845, p. 1706-1709, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1143987.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1706","endPage":"1709","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"317","issue":"5845","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e346e4b0c8380cd45f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, C.J.","contributorId":72530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delamere, W.A.","contributorId":57665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delamere","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eliason, E. M.","contributorId":93113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gulick, V. C.","contributorId":47545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulick","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mellon, M. T.","contributorId":82833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Grant, J. A.","contributorId":28334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Weitz, C.M.","contributorId":8649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weitz","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Murchie, S.L.","contributorId":7369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Seelos, F.","contributorId":34635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Seelos, K.","contributorId":96813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Okubo, C.H.","contributorId":85703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Milazzo, M.P.","contributorId":8983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Tornabene, L.L.","contributorId":99679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornabene","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Jaeger, W.L.","contributorId":59171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Byrne, S.","contributorId":105083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Russell, P.S.","contributorId":100987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Griffes, J.L.","contributorId":18982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffes","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Martinez-Alonso, S.","contributorId":66915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez-Alonso","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Davatzes, A.","contributorId":31984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davatzes","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Chuang, F. C.","contributorId":105452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chuang","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Thomson, B.J.","contributorId":90936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Fishbaugh, K.E.","contributorId":102692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishbaugh","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Dundas, C. M.","contributorId":83249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dundas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Kolb, K.J.","contributorId":69366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Banks, M. E.","contributorId":103476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Wray, J.J.","contributorId":26049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33}]}} ,{"id":70030059,"text":"70030059 - 2007 - Possible ancient giant basin and related water enrichment in the Arabia Terra province, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70030059","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible ancient giant basin and related water enrichment in the Arabia Terra province, Mars","docAbstract":"A circular albedo feature in the Arabia Terra province was first hypothesized as an ancient impact basin using Viking-era information. To test this unpublished hypothesis, we have analyzed the Viking era-information together with layers of new data derived from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Odyssey (MO) missions. Our analysis indicates that Arabia Terra is an ancient geologic province of Mars with many distinct characteristics, including predominantly Noachian materials, a unique part of the highland-lowland boundary, a prominent paleotectonic history, the largest region of fretted terrain on the planet, outflow channels with no obvious origins, extensive exposures of eroded layered sedimentary deposits, and notable structural, albedo, thermal inertia, gravity, magnetic, and elemental signatures. The province also is marked by special impact crater morphologies, which suggest a persistent volatile-rich substrate. No one characteristic provides definitive answers to the dominant event(s) that shaped this unique province. Collectively the characteristics reported here support the following hypothesized sequence of events in Arabia Terra: (1) an enormous basin, possibly of impact origin, formed early in martian history when the magnetic dynamo was active and the lithosphere was relatively thin, (2) sediments and other materials were deposited in the basin during high erosion rates while maintaining isostatic equilibrium, (3) sediments became water enriched during the Noachian Period, and (4) basin materials were uplifted in response to the growth of the Tharsis Bulge, resulting in differential erosion exposing ancient stratigraphic sequences. Parts of the ancient basin remain water-enriched to the present day. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.006","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Barlow, N., Anderson, R.C., Williams, J., Miyamoto, H., Ferris, J., Strom, R., Taylor, G., Fairen, A., Baker, V., Boynton, W.V., Keller, J., Kerry, K., Janes, D., Rodriguez, J., and Hare, T., 2007, Possible ancient giant basin and related water enrichment in the Arabia Terra province, Mars: Icarus, v. 190, no. 1, p. 74-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.006.","startPage":"74","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.006"},{"id":240628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"190","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e10e4b0c8380cd7a305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, N.G.","contributorId":107466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, R. C.","contributorId":9755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, J.-P.","contributorId":49185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miyamoto, H.","contributorId":56831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyamoto","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Strom, R.G.","contributorId":45744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Taylor, G.J.","contributorId":76927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fairen, A.G.","contributorId":25335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairen","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Boynton, W. V.","contributorId":44274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boynton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Keller, J.M.","contributorId":87370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kerry, K.","contributorId":45905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerry","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Janes, D.","contributorId":89355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janes","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Rodriguez, J.A.P.","contributorId":55948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70030064,"text":"70030064 - 2007 - Spectroscopic evidence for uranium bearing precipitates in vadose zone sediments at the Hanford 300-area site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70030064","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopic evidence for uranium bearing precipitates in vadose zone sediments at the Hanford 300-area site","docAbstract":"Uranium (U) solid-state speciation in vadose zone sediments collected beneath the former North Process Pond (NPP) in the 300 Area of the Hanford site (Washington) was investigated using multi-scale techniques. In 30 day batch experiments, only a small fraction of total U (???7.4%) was released to artificial groundwater solutions equilibrated with 1% pCO2. Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analyses showed that U was distributed among at least two types of species: (i) U discrete grains associated with Cu and (ii) areas with intermediate U concentrations on grains and grain coatings. Metatorbernite (Cu[UO2]2[PO 4]2??8H2O) and uranophane (Ca[UO 2]2[SiO3(OH)]2?? 5H 2O) at some U discrete grains, and muscovite at U intermediate concentration areas, were identified in synchrotron-based micro-X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analyses revealed 8-10 ??m size metatorbernite particles that were embedded in C-, Al-, and Si-rich coatings on quartz and albite grains. In ??- and bulk-X-ray absorption structure (??-XAS and XAS) spectroscopy analyses, the structure of metatorbernite with additional U-C and U-U coordination environments was consistently observed at U discrete grains with high U concentrations. The consistency of the ??- and bulk-XAS analyses suggests that metatorbernite may comprise a significant fraction of the total U in the sample. The entrapped, micrometer-sized metatorbernite particles in C-, Al-, and Si-rich coatings, along with the more soluble precipitated uranyl carbonates and uranophane, likely control the long-term release of U to water associated with the vadose zone sediments. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es062196u","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Arai, Y., Marcus, M., Tamura, N., Davis, J., and Zachara, J., 2007, Spectroscopic evidence for uranium bearing precipitates in vadose zone sediments at the Hanford 300-area site: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 13, p. 4633-4639, https://doi.org/10.1021/es062196u.","startPage":"4633","endPage":"4639","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477240,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3110h2bq","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es062196u"}],"volume":"41","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95b1e4b08c986b31b06e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arai, Y.","contributorId":59214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcus, M.A.","contributorId":84966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tamura, N.","contributorId":96092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamura","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zachara, J.M.","contributorId":96896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030070,"text":"70030070 - 2007 - Biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030070","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges","docAbstract":"Results from a multi-year, pilot-scale land treatment project for PAHs and PCBs biodegradation were evaluated. A mathematical model, capable of describing sorption, sequestration, and biodegradation in soil/water systems, is applied to interpret the efficacy of a sequential active-passive biotreatment process of organic chemicals on remediation sites. To account for the recalcitrance of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges during long-term biotreatment, this model comprises a kinetic equation for organic chemical intraparticle sequestration process. Model responses were verified by comparison to measurements of biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in land treatment units; a favorable match was found between them. Model simulations were performed to predict on-going biodegradation behavior of PAHs and PCBs in land treatment units. Simulation results indicate that complete biostabilization will be achieved when the concentration of reversibly sorbed chemical (S RA) reduces to undetectable levels, with a certain amount of irreversibly sequestrated residual chemical (S IA) remaining within the soil particle solid phase. The residual fraction (S IA) tends to lose its original chemical and biological activity, and hence, is much less available, toxic, and mobile than the \"free\" compounds. Therefore, little or no PAHs and PCBs will leach from the treatment site and constitutes no threat to human health or the environment. Biotreatment of PAHs and PCBs can be terminated accordingly. Results from the pilot-scale testing data and model calculations also suggest that a significant fraction (10-30%) of high-molecular-weight PAHs and PCBs could be sequestrated and become unavailable for biodegradation. Bioavailability (large K d , i.e., slow desorption rate) is the key factor limiting the PAHs degradation. However, both bioavailability and bioactivity (K in Monod kinetics, i.e., number of microbes, nutrients, and electron acceptor, etc.) regulate PCBs biodegradation. The sequential active-passive biotreatment can be a cost-effective approach for remediation of highly hydrophobic organic contaminants. The mathematical model proposed here would be useful in the design and operation of such organic chemical biodegradation processes on remediation sites. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-006-9299-3","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Liu, L., Tindall, J., and Friedel, M., 2007, Biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 181, no. 1-4, p. 281-296, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9299-3.","startPage":"281","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212727,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9299-3"},{"id":240259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"181","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f146e4b0c8380cd4ab4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, L.","contributorId":18481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029957,"text":"70029957 - 2007 - Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70029957","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials","docAbstract":"Competition between native and non-native species can change the composition and structure of plant communities, but in deserts, the highly variable timing of resource availability also influences non-native plant establishment, thus modulating their impacts on native species. In a field experiment, we varied densities of the non-native annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens around individuals of three native Mojave Desert perennials-Larrea tridentata, Achnatherum hymenoides, and Pleuraphis rigida-in either winter or spring. For comparison, additional plots were prepared for the same perennial species and seasons, but with a mixture of native annual species as neighbors. Growth of perennials declined when Bromus was established in winter because Bromus stands had 2-3 months of growth and high water use before perennial growth began. However, water potentials for the perennials were not significantly reduced, suggesting that direct competition for water may not be the major mechanism driving reduced perennial growth. The impact of Bromus on Larrea was lower than for the two perennial grasses, likely because Larrea maintains low growth rates throughout the year, even after Bromus has completed its life cycle. This result contrasts with the perennial grasses, whose phenology completely overlaps with (Achnatherum) or closely follows (Pleuraphis) that of Bromus. In comparison, Bromus plants established in spring were smaller than those established in winter and thus did not effectively reduce growth of the perennials. Growth of perennials with mixed annuals as neighbors also did not differ from those with Bromus neighbors of equivalent biomass, but stands of these native annuals did not achieve the high biomass of Bromus stands that were necessary to reduce perennial growth. Seed dormancy and narrow requirements for seedling survivorship of native annuals produce densities and biomass lower than those achieved by Bromus; thus, impacts of native Mojave Desert annuals on perennials are expected to be lower than those of Bromus. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"DeFalco, L., Fernandez, G., and Nowak, R., 2007, Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials: Biological Invasions, v. 9, no. 3, p. 293-307, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5.","startPage":"293","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5"},{"id":240654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc167e4b08c986b32a563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFalco, L.A.","contributorId":46032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandez, G.C.J.","contributorId":9871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"G.C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowak, R.S.","contributorId":104857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029966,"text":"70029966 - 2007 - Widespread natural perchlorate in unsaturated zones of the southwest United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T11:23:16.865044","indexId":"70029966","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread natural perchlorate in unsaturated zones of the southwest United States","docAbstract":"A substantial reservoir (up to 1 kg ha-1) of natural perchlorate is present in diverse unsaturated zones of the arid and semi-arid southwestern United States. The perchlorate co-occurs with meteoric chloride that has accumulated in these soils throughout the Holocene [0 to 10−15 ka (thousand years ago)] and possibly longer periods. Previously, natural perchlorate widely believed to be limited to the Atacama Desert, now appears widespread in steppe-to-desert ecoregions. The perchlorate reservoir becomes sufficiently large to affect groundwater when recharge from irrigation or climate change flushes accumulated salts from the unsaturated zone. This new source may help explain increasing reports of perchlorate in dry region agricultural products and should be considered when evaluating overall source contributions.
The U.S. Forest Service authorizes the occupancy and use of Forest Service lands by various projects, including water storage facilities, under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act. Federal Land Policy and Management Act permits can be renewed at the end of their term. The U.S. Forest Service analyzes the environmental effects for the initial issuance or renewal of a permit and the terms and conditions (for example, mitigations plans) contained in the permit for the facilities. The U.S. Forest Service is preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS) to determine the conditions for the occupancy and use for Long Draw Reservoir on National Forest System administered lands. The scope of the EIS includes evaluating current operations and effects to fish habitat of an ongoing winter release of 0.283 m3 /s (10 ft3 /s) from headwater reservoirs as part of a previously issued permit. The field conditions observed during this study included this release.
\nThe U.S. Forest Service entered into an interagency agreement (05-IA-11021000-030) with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center to perform analysis of fish habitat and flow relationships in the Cache la Poudre River during winter ice-over conditions using a twodimensional hydrodynamic model. The U.S. Forest Service selected the Fort Collins Science Center for this task because of their expertise in developing two-dimensional hydraulic models for habitat modeling applications. This report transmits model results to the U.S. Forest Service to analyze the effects of alternative flow scenarios at a site on the mainstem Cache la Poudre River in Larimer County, Colorado, near Kinikinik (40° 42' 44.16\" N. lat, 105° 44' 30.70\" W. log), as shown in figure 1. It will be used in pending environmental analyses and decisions for the occupancy and use of the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest by water storage facilities.
\nThe water management scenarios of interest in this study are related to releasing water from Chambers and Barnes Meadows Reservoirs, based on the assumption that winter flow augmentation can increase potential fish habitat. Figure 2 shows the relationship between Chambers, Barnes Meadows, and Long Draw Reservoirs. At the time this study was proposed, existing flow simulation results showed that the channel constraints imposed by existing artificial low-head dikes would have little or no effect on the hydrodynamics of the river at the low flow levels that were to be evaluated. The Kinikinik study site contains deep pools, riffles, and runs. This diversity of habitat types made it ideal for assessing the effects of altered flow on fish habitat under ice in the main stem Cache la Poudre River. Thus, the Kinikinik site was selected for this study of winter habitat conditions.
\nThe preexisting topographic and hydrologic data collected at this site enabled data collection efforts for this study to focus on describing streamflow and ice cover during the winter months. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, River2D (Steffler and Blackburn, 2002), was used to simulate flow conditions under the ice cover that was observed January 24, 2006.
\nThe objectives of this study are (1) to describe the extent and thickness of ice cover, (2) simulate depth and velocity under ice at the study site for observed and reduced flows, and (3) to quantify fish habitat in this portion of the mainstem Cache la Poudre River for the current winter release schedule as well as for similar conditions without the 0.283 m3/s winter release.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071282","usgsCitation":"Waddle, T., 2007, Simulation of flow and habitat conditions under ice, Cache la Poudre River - January 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1282, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071282.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071282.PNG"},{"id":320217,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1282/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Cache la Poudre River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.90202331542969,\n 40.52267294048898\n ],\n [\n -105.90202331542969,\n 40.71863980562837\n ],\n [\n -105.42411804199219,\n 40.71863980562837\n ],\n [\n -105.42411804199219,\n 40.52267294048898\n ],\n [\n -105.90202331542969,\n 40.52267294048898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, Terry","contributorId":47848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031449,"text":"70031449 - 2007 - Two new genera of Lumbriculidae (Annelida, Clitellata) from North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-17T10:30:36.725951","indexId":"70031449","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two new genera of Lumbriculidae (Annelida, Clitellata) from North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"Recent benthic macroinvertebrate collections from North Carolina contained many undescribed oligochaete taxa, mostly belonging to the family Lumbriculidae. Three of the new species had arrangements of spermathecae and atria previously unreported for the family, and were assigned to new two genera. Pilaridrilus is distinguished by the location of spermathecal pores five segments behind the male pores. The single species, Pilaridrilus uliginosus, also has unusually complex penes and spermathecae. Martinidrilus is distinguished by spermathecae beginning more than two segments anterior to the atrial segment, and also by the the vasa deferentia, which join a common duct before joining the atria. The two Martinidrilus species also have unusual digitiform blood vessels in posterior segments. Martinidrilus carolinensis has lateral spermathecae in VI, and Martinidrilus arenosus has dorsolateral spermathecae in VII and VIII. Because arrangement and morphology of reproductive organs do not resemble those of described lumbriculids, the phylogenetic affinities of the new species are not clear. These new genera and species were generally collected from areas of high water quality, suggesting that lumbriculids can be useful in water quality monitoring and conservation evaluation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","usgsCitation":"Fend, S., and Lenat, D.R., 2007, Two new genera of Lumbriculidae (Annelida, Clitellata) from North Carolina, USA: Zootaxa, no. 1666, p. 1-22.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","issue":"1666","edition":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb95de4b08c986b327be8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lenat, D. R.","contributorId":29478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenat","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174196,"text":"70174196 - 2007 - Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T10:59:37","indexId":"70174196","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon","docAbstract":"We performed nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon stable isotope analysis (SIA) on maturing and juvenile anadromous sockeye and coho salmon, and periphyton in two Copper River delta watersheds of Alaska to trace salmonderived nutrients during 2003–2004. Maturing salmon were isotopically enriched relative to alternate freshwater N, S, and C sources as expected, with differences consistent with species trophic level differences, and minor system, sex, and year-to-year differences, enabling use of SIA to trace these salmon-derived nutrients. Periphyton naturally colonized, incubated, and collected using Wildco Periphtyon Samplers in and near spawning sites was 34S- and 15N-enriched, as expected, and at all freshwater sites was 13C-depleted. At nonspawning and coho-only sites, periphyton 34S and 15N was generally low. However, 34S was low enough at some sites to be suggestive of sulfate reduction, complicating the use of S isotopes. Juvenile salmon SIA ranged in values consistent with using production derived from re-mineralization as well as direct utilization, but only by a minority fraction of coho salmon. Dependency on salmon-derived nutrients ranged from relatively high to relatively low, suggesting a space-limited system. No one particular isotope was found to be superior for determining the relative importance of salmon-derived nutrients.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda MD","issn":"0892-2284","usgsCitation":"Kline, T.C., Woody, C.A., Bishop, M.A., Powers, S.P., and Knudsen, E.E., 2007, Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 54, p. 51-60.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f1a3e4b07dd077c69840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kline, Thomas C.","contributorId":140867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kline","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13600,"text":"Prince William Sound Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Mary Anne","contributorId":10698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, Sean P.","contributorId":138867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12554,"text":"University of South Alabama and Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030029,"text":"70030029 - 2007 - Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70030029","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"The effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow initiation and the hillslope water balance is poorly understood. Previous hillslope hydrological studies at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), Georgia, USA, have assumed that the bedrock underlying the trenched hillslope is effectively impermeable. This paper presents a series of sprinkling experiments where we test the bedrock impermeability hypothesis at the PMRW. Specifically, we quantify the bedrock permeability effects on hillslope subsurface stormflow generation and the hillslope water balance at the PMRW. Five sprinkling experiments were performed by applying 882-1676 mm of rainfall over a ???5.5 m ?? 12 m area on the lower hillslope during ???8 days. In addition to water input and output captured at the trench, we measured transpiration in 14 trees on the slope to close the water balance. Of the 193 mm day-1 applied during the later part of the sprinkling experiments when soil moisture changes were small, < 14 mm day-1 was collected at the trench and <4 mm day-1 was transpired by the trees, with residual bedrock leakage of > 175 mm day-1 (91%). Bedrock moisture was measured at three locations downslope of the water collection system in the trench. Bedrock moisture responded quickly to precipitation in early spring. Peak tracer breakthrough in response to natural precipitation in the bedrock downslope from the trench was delayed only 2 days relative to peak tracer arrival in subsurface stormflow at the trench. Leakage to bedrock influences subsurface stormflow at the storm time-scale and also the water balance of the hillslope. This has important implications for the age and geochemistry of the water and thus how one models this hillslope and watershed. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6265","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Tromp-van, M.H., Peters, N., and McDonnell, J.J., 2007, Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 21, no. 6, p. 750-769, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6265.","startPage":"750","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6265"},{"id":240692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c2e4b0c8380cd50f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tromp-van, Meerveld H. J. H. J.","contributorId":54710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tromp-van","given":"Meerveld","suffix":"H. J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030027,"text":"70030027 - 2007 - Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T10:07:52","indexId":"70030027","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2323,"text":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods","docAbstract":"Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to assess the geohydrology of fractured crystalline bedrock in 31 of 64 boreholes on the southern part of Manhattan Island, NY in preparation of the construction of a new water tunnel. The study area is located in a highly urbanized part of New York City. The boreholes penetrated gneiss, schist, and other crystalline bedrock that has an overall southwest-to northwest-dipping foliation. Most of the fractures intersected are nearly horizontal or have moderate- to high-angle northwest or eastward dip azimuths. Heat-pulse flowmeter logs obtained under nonpumping (ambient) and pumping conditions, together with other geophysical logs, delineated transmissive fracture zones in each borehole. Water-level and flowmeter data suggest the fractured-rock ground-water-flow system is interconnected. The 60 MHz directional borehole-radar logs delineated the location and orientation of several radar reflectors that did not intersect the projection of the borehole. A total of 53 faults intersected by the boreholes have mean orientation populations of N12°W, 66°W and N11°W, 70°E. A total of 77 transmissive fractures delineated using the heat-pulse flowmeter have mean orientations of N11°E, 14°SE (majority) and N23°E, 57°NW (minority). The transmissivity of the bedrock boreholes ranged from 0.7 to 870 feet squared (ft2) per day (0.07 to 81 metres squared (m2) per day).
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1088/1742-2132/4/3/S02","issn":"17422132","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Joesten, P., and Lane, J., 2007, Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods: Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, v. 4, no. 3, p. 245-252, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/4/3/S02.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Manhattan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.02450561523438,\n 40.69938133866613\n ],\n [\n -73.93386840820312,\n 40.69938133866613\n ],\n [\n -73.93386840820312,\n 40.79977641109269\n ],\n [\n -74.02450561523438,\n 40.79977641109269\n ],\n [\n -74.02450561523438,\n 40.69938133866613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a17a0e4b0c8380cd55578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, F.","contributorId":33928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, A.","contributorId":81697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030200,"text":"70030200 - 2007 - Seasonal variations in modern speleothem calcite growth in Central Texas, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030200","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variations in modern speleothem calcite growth in Central Texas, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Variations in growth rates of speleothem calcite have been hypothesized to reflect changes in a range of paleoenvironmental variables, including atmospheric temperature and precipitation, drip-water composition, and the rate of soil CO2 delivery to the subsurface. To test these hypotheses, we quantified growth rates of modern speleothem calcite on artificial substrates and monitored concurrent environmental conditions in three caves across the Edwards Plateau in central Texas. Within each of two caves, different drip sites exhibit similar annual cycles in calcite growth rates, even though there are large differences between the mean growth rates at the sites. The growth-rate cycles inversely correlate to seasonal changes in regional air temperature outside the caves, with near-zero growth rates during the warmest summer months, and peak growth rates in fall through spring. Drip sites from caves 130 km apart exhibit similar temporal patterns in calcite growth rate, indicating a controlling mechanism on at least this distance. The seasonal variations in calcite growth rate can be accounted for by a primary control by regional temperature effects on ventilation of cave-air CO2 concentrations and/or drip-water CO2 contents. In contrast, site-to-site differences in the magnitude of calcite growth rates within an individual cave appear to be controlled principally by differences in drip rate. A secondary control by drip rate on the growth rate temporal variations is suggested by interannual variations. No calcite growth was observed in the third cave, which has relatively high values of and small seasonal changes in cave-air CO2. These results indicate that growth-rate variations in ancient speleothems may serve as a paleoenvironmental proxy with seasonal resolution. By applying this approach of monitoring the modern system, speleothem growth rate and geochemical proxies for paleoenviromnental change may be evaluated and calibrated. Copyright ?? 2007, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2007.065","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Banner, J., Guilfoyle, A., James, E., Stern, L., and Musgrove, M., 2007, Seasonal variations in modern speleothem calcite growth in Central Texas, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 77, no. 7-8, p. 615-622, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2007.065.","startPage":"615","endPage":"622","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2007.065"},{"id":239121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88f2e4b08c986b316c58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banner, J.L.","contributorId":95683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banner","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guilfoyle, A.","contributorId":88950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilfoyle","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, E.W.","contributorId":68532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Musgrove, M.","contributorId":78933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030198,"text":"70030198 - 2007 - Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds and their mixtures in aquifers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030198","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds and their mixtures in aquifers of the United States","docAbstract":"Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater from aquifers throughout the United States were evaluated using statistical methods. Samples were collected from 1631 wells throughout the conterminous United States between 1996 and 2002 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Water samples from wells completed in aquifers used to supply drinking water were analyzed for more than 50 VOCs. Wells were primarily rural domestic water supplies (1184), followed by public water supplies (216); the remaining wells (231) supplied a variety of uses. The median well depth was 50 meters. Age-date information shows that about 60% of the samples had a fraction of water recharged after 1953. Chloroform, toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and perchloroethene were some of the frequently detected VOCs. Concentrations generally were less than 1 ??g/L. Source factors include, in order of importance, general land-use activity, septic/sewer density, and sites where large concentrations of VOCs are potentially released, such as leaking underground storage tanks. About 10% of all samples had VOC mixtures that were associated with concentrated sources; 20% were associated with dispersed sources. Important transport factors included well/screen depth, precipitation/groundwater recharge, air temperature, and various soil characteristics. Dissolved oxygen was strongly associated with VOCs and represents the fate of many VOCs in groundwater. Well type (domestic or public water supply) was also an important explanatory factor. Results of multiple analyses show the importance of (1) accounting for both dispersed and concentrated sources of VOCs, (2) measuring dissolved oxygen when sampling wells to help explain the fate of VOCs, and (3) limiting the type of wells sampled in monitoring networks to avoid unnecessary variance in the data, or controlling for this variance during data analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es061079w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., and Moran, M., 2007, Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds and their mixtures in aquifers of the United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 7, p. 2123-2130, https://doi.org/10.1021/es061079w.","startPage":"2123","endPage":"2130","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es061079w"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0eb4e4b0c8380cd535a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squillace, P. J.","contributorId":8878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030196,"text":"70030196 - 2007 - Groundwater noble gas, age, and temperature signatures in an Alpine watershed: Valuable tools in conceptual model development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:21:21","indexId":"70030196","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater noble gas, age, and temperature signatures in an Alpine watershed: Valuable tools in conceptual model development","docAbstract":"Bedrock groundwater in alpine watersheds is poorly understood, mainly because of a scarcity of wells in alpine settings. Groundwater noble gas, age, and temperature data were collected from springs and wells with depths of 3–342 m in Handcart Gulch, an alpine watershed in Colorado. Temperature profiles indicate active groundwater circulation to a maximum depth (aquifer thickness) of about 200 m, or about 150 m below the water table. Dissolved noble gas data show unusually high excess air concentrations (>0.02 cm3 STP/g, ΔNe > 170%) in the bedrock, consistent with unusually large seasonal water table fluctuations (up to 50 m) observed in the upper part of the watershed. Apparent 3H/3He ages are positively correlated with sample depth and excess air concentrations. Integrated samples were collected from artesian bedrock wells near the trunk stream and are assumed to approximate flow‐weighted samples reflecting bedrock aquifer mean residence times. Exponential mean ages for these integrated samples are remarkably consistent along the stream, four of five being from 8 to 11 years. The tracer data in combination with other hydrologic and geologic data support a relatively simple conceptual model of groundwater flow in the watershed in which (1) permeability is primarily a function of depth; (2) water table fluctuations increase with distance from the stream; and (3) recharge, aquifer thickness, and porosity are relatively uniform throughout the watershed in spite of the geological complexity of the Proterozoic crystalline rocks that underlie it.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005349","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., and Caine, J.S., 2007, Groundwater noble gas, age, and temperature signatures in an Alpine watershed: Valuable tools in conceptual model development: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 4, Article W04404; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005349.","productDescription":"Article W04404; 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dabe4b0c8380cd5bf9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030194,"text":"70030194 - 2007 - Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030194","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA","docAbstract":"Recent studies have demonstrated that fish feeds contain significant concentrations of contaminants, many of which can bioaccumulate and bioconcentrate in fish. Organochlorine (OC) contaminants are present in the fish oils and fish meals used in feed manufacture, and some researchers speculate that all fish feeds contain measurable levels of some contaminants. To determine the concentration of contaminants in feeds used in US Fish and Wildlife Service's National Fish Hatcheries, we systematically collected samples of feed from 11 cold-water fish hatcheries. All samples (collected from October 2001 to October 2003) contained at least one polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener, or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolite. Of the 55 samples in which they were analyzed 39 contained PCDDs, 24 contained PCDFs and 24 contained DDT or its metabolites. There were 10- to 150-fold differences in concentrations of total PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs and DDT. Although PCBs were the most commonly detected contaminant in our study, concentrations (range: 0.07-10.46 ng g-1 wet weight) were low compared to those reported previously. In general, we also found lower levels of OCs than reported previously in fish feed. Perhaps most notable was the near absence of OC pesticides - except for DDT or its metabolites, and two samples containing hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). While contaminant concentrations were generally low, the ecological impacts can not be determined without a measure of the bioaccumulation of these compounds in the fish and the fate of these compounds after the fish are released. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., Gannam, A., and Davis, J., 2007, Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA: Chemosphere, v. 67, no. 7, p. 1308-1315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1315","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029"},{"id":239575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f570e4b0c8380cd4c215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannam, A.L.","contributorId":81651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannam","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.W.","contributorId":64626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031842,"text":"70031842 - 2007 - Seasonal nutrient and plankton dynamics in a physical-biological model of Crater Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T10:10:37","indexId":"70031842","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal nutrient and plankton dynamics in a physical-biological model of Crater Lake","docAbstract":"A coupled 1D physical-biological model of Crater Lake is presented. The model simulates the seasonal evolution of two functional phytoplankton groups, total chlorophyll, and zooplankton in good quantitative agreement with observations from a 10-year monitoring study. During the stratified period in summer and early fall the model displays a marked vertical structure: the phytoplankton biomass of the functional group 1, which represents diatoms and dinoflagellates, has its highest concentration in the upper 40 m; the phytoplankton biomass of group 2, which represents chlorophyta, chrysophyta, cryptomonads and cyanobacteria, has its highest concentrations between 50 and 80 m, and phytoplankton chlorophyll has its maximum at 120 m depth. A similar vertical structure is a reoccurring feature in the available data. In the model the key process allowing a vertical separation between biomass and chlorophyll is photoacclimation. Vertical light attenuation (i.e., water clarity) and the physiological ability of phytoplankton to increase their cellular chlorophyll-to-biomass ratio are ultimately determining the location of the chlorophyll maximum. The location of the particle maxima on the other hand is determined by the balance between growth and losses and occurs where growth and losses equal. The vertical particle flux simulated by our model agrees well with flux measurements from a sediment trap. This motivated us to revisit a previously published study by Dymond et al. (1996). Dymond et al. used a box model to estimate the vertical particle flux and found a discrepancy by a factor 2.5-10 between their model-derived flux and measured fluxes from a sediment trap. Their box model neglected the exchange flux of dissolved and suspended organic matter, which, as our model and available data suggests is significant for the vertical exchange of nitrogen. Adjustment of Dymond et al.'s assumptions to account for dissolved and suspended nitrogen yields a flux estimate that is consistent with sediment trap measurements and our model. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-2615-5","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Fennel, K., Collier, R., Larson, G., Crawford, G., and Boss, E., 2007, Seasonal nutrient and plankton dynamics in a physical-biological model of Crater Lake: Hydrobiologia, v. 574, no. 1, p. 265-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-2615-5.","startPage":"265","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214639,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-2615-5"}],"volume":"574","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88c7e4b08c986b316b79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fennel, K.","contributorId":89361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fennel","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collier, R.","contributorId":36370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, G.","contributorId":41585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, G.","contributorId":97624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boss, E.","contributorId":59544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boss","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032896,"text":"70032896 - 2007 - Characteristics of Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) oviposition sites in northeastern Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T15:02:17","indexId":"70032896","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) oviposition sites in northeastern Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Several western ranid frogs possess a unique strategy of breeding communally over a short temporal window and reusing oviposition sites between years. However, little is published on the characteristics of oviposition sites selected by these explosive breeders. The Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) is native to northwestern North America and is of conservation concern in the southern portions of its range. As part of a study examining relationships between livestock grazing and R. luteiventris habitat, we assessed characteristics of the species' oviposition sites in 25 fishless ponds in northeastern Oregon. Oviposition sites were generally in shallow water (<25 cm) close to shore and tended to be in the northeastern portion of ponds. Oviposition sites were found more frequently over heavily vegetated substrates and in areas of less substrate slope and shade than random points in littoral zones. We did not quantify temperature differences within ponds, but the patterns we documented are consistent with preferential use of warmer microhabitats for oviposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[86:COCSFR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C.A., Adams, M.J., and Wente, W., 2007, Characteristics of Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) oviposition sites in northeastern Oregon, USA: Western North American Naturalist, v. 67, no. 1, p. 86-91, https://doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[86:COCSFR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487783,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol67/iss1/12","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[86:COCSFR]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f490e4b0c8380cd4bdb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321 christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":3131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wente, Wendy","contributorId":60497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wente","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033180,"text":"70033180 - 2007 - Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033180","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids","docAbstract":"Assessments of acidic deposition effects on aquatic ecosystems have often been hindered by complications from naturally occurring organic acidity. Measurements of pH and ANCG, the most commonly used indicators of chemical effects, can be substantially influenced by the presence of organic acids. Relationships between pH and inorganic Al, which is toxic to many forms of aquatic biota, are also altered by organic acids. However, when inorganic Al concentrations are plotted against ANC (the sum of Ca2+, Mg 2+, Na+, and K+, minus SO42-, NO3-, and Cl-), a distinct threshold for Al mobilization becomes apparent. If the concentration of strong organic anions is included as a negative component of ANC, the threshold occurs at an ANC value of approximately zero, the value expected from theoretical charge balance constraints. This adjusted ANC is termed the base-cation surplus. The threshold relationship between the base-cation surplus and Al was shown with data from approximately 200 streams in the Adirondack region of New York, during periods with low and high dissolved organic carbon concentrations, and for an additional stream from the Catskill region of New York. These results indicate that (1) strong organic anions can contribute to the mobilization of inorganic Al in combination with SO42- and NO 3-, and (2) the presence of inorganic Al in surface waters is an unambiguous indication of acidic deposition effects. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es061437v","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Sutherland, J., Boylen, C., Nierzwicki-Bauer, S.W., Momen, B., Baldigo, B., and Simonin, H.A., 2007, Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 93-98, https://doi.org/10.1021/es061437v.","startPage":"93","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213533,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es061437v"},{"id":241163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e693e4b0c8380cd474f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutherland, J.W.","contributorId":61622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boylen, C.W.","contributorId":43151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boylen","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nierzwicki-Bauer, S. W.","contributorId":27683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nierzwicki-Bauer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Momen, B.","contributorId":91283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momen","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simonin, H. A.","contributorId":85713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033183,"text":"70033183 - 2007 - Multiobjective analysis of a public wellfield using artificial neural networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033183","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiobjective analysis of a public wellfield using artificial neural networks","docAbstract":"As competition for increasingly scarce ground water resources grows, many decision makers may come to rely upon rigorous multiobjective techniques to help identify appropriate and defensible policies, particularly when disparate stakeholder groups are involved. In this study, decision analysis was conducted on a public water supply wellfield to balance water supply needs with well vulnerability to contamination from a nearby ground water contaminant plume. With few alternative water sources, decision makers must balance the conflicting objectives of maximizing water supply volume from noncontaminated wells while minimizing their vulnerability to contamination from the plume. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed with simulation data from a numerical ground water flow model developed for the study area. The ANN-derived state transition equations were embedded into a multiobjective optimization model, from which the Pareto frontier or trade-off curve between water supply and wellfield vulnerability was identified. Relative preference values and power factors were assigned to the three stakeholders, namely the company whose waste contaminated the aquifer, the community supplied by the wells, and the water utility company that owns and operates the wells. A compromise pumping policy that effectively balances the two conflicting objectives in accordance with the preferences of the three stakeholder groups was then identified using various distance-based methods. ?? 2006 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00248.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Coppola, E., Szidarovszky, F., Davis, D., Spayd, S., Poulton, M., and Roman, E., 2007, Multiobjective analysis of a public wellfield using artificial neural networks: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 1, p. 53-61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00248.x.","startPage":"53","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00248.x"},{"id":241229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6034e4b0c8380cd71379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coppola, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":51992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coppola","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szidarovszky, F.","contributorId":30457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szidarovszky","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spayd, S.","contributorId":77747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spayd","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poulton, M.M.","contributorId":42436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roman, E.","contributorId":59250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033185,"text":"70033185 - 2007 - Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T13:49:54","indexId":"70033185","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","docAbstract":"Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples—the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor—illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.