A new land cover database of Greater Mesoamerica has been prepared using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS, 500 m resolution) satellite data. Daily surface reflectance MODIS data and a suite of ancillary data were used in preparing the database by employing a decision tree classification approach. The new land cover data are an improvement over traditional advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) based land cover data in terms of both spatial and thematic details. The dominant land cover type in Greater Mesoamerica is forest (39%), followed by shrubland (30%) and cropland (22%). Country analysis shows forest as the dominant land cover type in Belize (62%), Cost Rica (52%), Guatemala (53%), Honduras (56%), Nicaragua (53%), and Panama (48%), cropland as the dominant land cover type in El Salvador (60.5%), and shrubland as the dominant land cover type in Mexico (37%). A three-step approach was used to assess the quality of the classified land cover data: (i) qualitative assessment provided good insight in identifying and correcting gross errors; (ii) correlation analysis of MODIS- and Landsat-derived land cover data revealed strong positive association for forest (r2 = 0.88), shrubland (r2 = 0.75), and cropland (r2 = 0.97) but weak positive association for grassland (r2 = 0.26); and (iii) an error matrix generated using unseen training data provided an overall accuracy of 77.3% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.73608. Overall, MODIS 500 m data and the methodology used were found to be quite useful for broad-scale land cover mapping of Greater Mesoamerica.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m05-014","usgsCitation":"Giri, C., and Jenkins, C.N., 2005, Land cover mapping of Greater Mesoamerica using MODIS data: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 31, no. 4, p. 274-282, https://doi.org/10.5589/m05-014.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa34e4b0518e3546bc4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":2403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Clinton N.","contributorId":101437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156210,"text":"70156210 - 2005 - Characteristics of seasonal vegetation cover in the conterminous USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T15:42:22","indexId":"70156210","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of seasonal vegetation cover in the conterminous USA","docAbstract":"A data set of the fractional green vegetation cover (FGREEN) for the Conterminous USA was evaluated for regional and seasonal variation. The value of FGREEN was derived monthly for the three most dominant land cover classes per 20 km by 20 km grid cell within the study area. At this grid cell resolution (comprised of 400 1-km pixels), 97 percent of the grid cells included three or fewer land cover classes. FGREEN was found to vary regionally due to local land cover and climate variations. FGREEN was found significantly different between one or more of the land cover classes, for one or more months, in 58 percent of the grid cells included in the study. Monthly FGREEN values for the land cover classes vary sufficiently between the land cover classes to warrant monthly FGREEN data for each of the one to three most dominant land cover classes per grid cell.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.71.8.959","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., Reed, B.C., Owen, T., and Adegoke, J.O., 2005, Characteristics of seasonal vegetation cover in the conterminous USA: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 71, no. 8, p. 959-966, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.71.8.959.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"966","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.71.8.959","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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(Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, Tobias","contributorId":103788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Tobias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adegoke, Jimmy O.","contributorId":94816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adegoke","given":"Jimmy","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70961,"text":"ds121 - 2005 - Candidate-penetrative-fracture mapping of the Grand Canyon area, Arizona, from spatial correlation of deep geophysical features and surficial lineaments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"ds121","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"121","title":"Candidate-penetrative-fracture mapping of the Grand Canyon area, Arizona, from spatial correlation of deep geophysical features and surficial lineaments","docAbstract":"Some aquifers of the southwestern Colorado Plateaus Province are deeply buried and overlain by several impermeable shale layers, and so recharge to the aquifer probably is mainly by seepage down penetrative-fracture systems. The purpose of this 2-year study, sponsored by the U.S. National Park Service, was to map candidate deep penetrative fractures over a 120,000-km2 area, using gravity and aeromagnetic-anomaly data together with surficial-fracture data. The study area was on the Colorado Plateau south of the Grand Canyon and west of Black Mesa; mapping was carried out at a scale of 1:250,000. The resulting database constitutes a spatially registered estimate of deep-fracture locations. Candidate penetrative fractures were located by spatial correlation of horizontal-\r\ngradient and analytic-signal maximums of gravity and magnetic anomalies with major surficial lineaments obtained from geologic, topographic, side-looking-airborne-radar, and satellite imagery. The maps define a subset of candidate penetrative fractures because of limitations in the data coverage and the analytical technique. In particular, the data and analytical technique used cannot predict whether the fractures are open or closed. Correlations were carried out by using image-processing software, such that every pixel on the resulting images was coded to uniquely identify which datasets are correlated. The technique correctly identified known and many new deep fracture systems. The resulting penetrative-fracture-distribution maps constitute an objectively obtained, repeatable dataset and a benchmark from which additional studies can begin. The maps also define in detail the tectonic fabrics of the southwestern Colorado Plateaus Province. Overlaying the correlated lineaments on the normalized-density-of-vegetation-index image reveals that many of these lineaments correlate with the boundaries of vegetation zones in drainages and canyons and so may be controlling near-surface water availability in some places. Many derivative products can be produced from the database, such as fracture-density-estimate maps, and maps with the number of correlations color-coded to estimate the possible quality of correlation. The database contained in this report is designed to be used in a geographic information system and image-processing systems, and most data layers are in georeferenced tagged image format (Geotiff) or ARC grids. The report includes 163 map plates and various metadata, supporting, and statistical diagram files.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds121","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., and Bultman, M.W., 2005, Candidate-penetrative-fracture mapping of the Grand Canyon area, Arizona, from spatial correlation of deep geophysical features and surficial lineaments (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 121, Online resource; 1 DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds121.","productDescription":"Online resource; 1 DVD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6615,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6d01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, Mark E. 0000-0002-2910-2321 mgetting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2321","contributorId":602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"Mark","email":"mgetting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bultman, Mark W. 0000-0001-8352-101X mbultman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-101X","contributorId":3348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bultman","given":"Mark","email":"mbultman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70955,"text":"sir20055034 - 2005 - Mercury in the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal and Lake Michigan, Lake County, Indiana, August 2001 and May 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T10:55:00","indexId":"sir20055034","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5034","title":"Mercury in the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal and Lake Michigan, Lake County, Indiana, August 2001 and May 2002","docAbstract":"Water samples from the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal and Lake Michigan in Lake County, Indiana, were collected and analyzed for mercury. Sampling was done with ultra-clean protocols, and mercury was analyzed by low-level methods during seasons of contrasting weather and streamflow conditions in August 2001 and May 2002.
\nTotal mercury concentrations in all the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal samples exceeded the 1.3 nanogram per liter Indiana water-quality standard for waters within the Great Lakes system. Total mercury concentrations in the Lake Michigan samples did not exceed the Indiana water-quality standard. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations were larger in more samples collected during the wet-weather streamflow conditions in May 2002 than in samples collected during the dry-weather streamflow conditions in August 2001. The largest total mercury concentrations were in samples collected from the West Branch Grand Calumet River near wetlands and municipal-effluent outfalls (17.2 nanograms per liter) and in samples collected from the Indiana Harbor Canal near the confluence of the East Branch and West Branch Grand Calumet River (16.0 nanograms per liter).
\nParticulate total mercury was the predominant form of total mercury detected in samples from the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal. Methylmercury concentrations were no more than 1.5 percent of the total mercury concentrations in August 2001 and no more than 6.2 percent in May 2002. Nearly all methylmercury was particulate and was correlated to concentrations of dissolved solids, total organic carbon, and sulfate. The estimated composition of most of the suspended solids in the water samples from the Grand Calumet River/ Indiana Harbor Canal was sediment larger than medium clay containing minimal organic carbon and plant matter. Total mercury loads in the Indiana Harbor Canal during the time of water sampling were as large as 703 milligrams per hour in August 2001 and 542 milligrams per hour in May 2002. As much as 21 percent of the instantaneous mercury load in some stream reaches could have come from ground-water discharge.
\nData from this study have implications for a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for mercury in the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal. Comparisons of data from this study with historical data do not show substantial changes in the distribution of mercury in the study area from 1994 through 2002. Treated municipal effluent had larger mercury concentrations than industrial effluent and presents a potential for larger mercury loads that could be controlled to achieve a TMDL, based on concentration. Mercury in ground-water discharge may be difficult to control to achieve a TMDL because of its diffuse and widespread distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., 2005, Mercury in the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal and Lake Michigan, Lake County, Indiana, August 2001 and May 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5034, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055034.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6610,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Grand Calumet River, Indiana Harbor Canal, Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.54112243652342,\n 41.57641597789266\n ],\n [\n -87.54112243652342,\n 41.71034202043942\n ],\n [\n -87.21668243408203,\n 41.71034202043942\n ],\n [\n -87.21668243408203,\n 41.57641597789266\n ],\n [\n -87.54112243652342,\n 41.57641597789266\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624c8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risch, Martin R. 0000-0002-7908-7887 mrrisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-7887","contributorId":2118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Martin","email":"mrrisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70951,"text":"ofr20051280 - 2005 - Rainfall, Streamflow, and Water-Quality Data During Stormwater Monitoring, Halawa Stream Drainage Basin, Oahu, Hawaii, July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"ofr20051280","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1280","title":"Rainfall, Streamflow, and Water-Quality Data During Stormwater Monitoring, Halawa Stream Drainage Basin, Oahu, Hawaii, July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005","docAbstract":"Storm runoff water-quality samples were collected as part of the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Stormwater Monitoring Program. This program is designed to assess the effects of highway runoff and urban runoff on Halawa Stream. For this program, rainfall data were collected at two stations, continuous streamflow data at two stations, and water-quality data at five stations, which include the two continuous streamflow stations. This report summarizes rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data collected between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2005.\r\n\r\nA total of 15 samples was collected over three storms during July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005. In general, an attempt was made to collect grab samples nearly simultaneously at all five stations and flow-weighted time-composite samples at the three stations equipped with automatic samplers. However, all three storms were partially sampled because either not all stations were sampled or not all composite samples were collected. Samples were analyzed for total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, nutrients, chemical oxygen demand, and selected trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc). Chromium and nickel were added to the analysis starting October 1, 2004. Grab samples were additionally analyzed for oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons, fecal coliform, and biological oxygen demand. Quality-assurance/quality-control samples were also collected during storms and during routine maintenance to verify analytical procedures and check the effectiveness of equipment-cleaning procedures.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Young, S.T., and Ball, M.T., 2005, Rainfall, Streamflow, and Water-Quality Data During Stormwater Monitoring, Halawa Stream Drainage Basin, Oahu, Hawaii, July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1280, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051280.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-07-01","temporalEnd":"2005-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6608,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2005-1280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.96666666666667,21.333333333333332 ], [ -157.96666666666667,21.466666666666665 ], [ -157.8,21.466666666666665 ], [ -157.8,21.333333333333332 ], [ -157.96666666666667,21.333333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Stacie T. M.","contributorId":63432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Marcael T.J.","contributorId":16904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Marcael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70945,"text":"sir20055110 - 2005 - Simulation of hydraulic characteristics in the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-05T14:53:45","indexId":"sir20055110","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5110","title":"Simulation of hydraulic characteristics in the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","docAbstract":"Hydraulic characterization of the Kootenai River, especially in the white sturgeon spawning habitat reach, is needed by the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Recovery Team to promote hydraulic conditions that improve spawning conditions for the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in the Kootenai River. The decreasing population and spawning failure of white sturgeon has led to much concern. Few wild juvenile sturgeons are found in the river today. Determining the location of the transition between backwater and free-flowing water in the Kootenai River is a primary focus for biologists who believe that hydraulic changes at the transition affect the location where the sturgeon choose to spawn. The Kootenai River begins in British Columbia, Canada, and flows through Montana, Idaho, and back into British Columbia. The 65.6-mile reach of the Kootenai River in Idaho was studied. The study area encompasses the white sturgeon spawning reach that has been designated as a critical habitat.
\nA one-dimensional hydraulic-flow model of the study reach was developed, calibrated, and used to develop relations between hydraulic characteristics and water-surface elevation, discharge, velocity, and backwater extent. The model used 164 cross sections, most of which came from a previous river survey conducted in 2002-03. The model was calibrated to water-surface elevations at specific discharges at five gaging stations. Calibrated water-surface elevations ranged from about 1,743 to about 1,759 feet, and discharges used in calibration ranged from 5,000 to 47,500 cubic feet per second. Model calibration was considered acceptable when the difference between measured and simulated water-surface elevations was ?0.15 foot or less. Measured and simulated average velocities also were compared. These comparisons indicated agreement between measured and simulated values.
\nThe location of the transition between backwater and free-flowing water was determined using the calibrated model. The model was used to simulate hydraulic characteristics for a range of water-surface elevations from 1,741 to 1,762 feet and discharges from 4,000 to 75,000 cubic feet per second. These simulated hydraulic characteristics were used to develop a three-parameter relation-discharge in the study reach, water-surface elevation at Kootenai River at Porthill gaging station (12322000), and the location of the transition between backwater and free-flowing water. Simulated hydraulic characteristics produced backwater locations ranging from river mile (RM) 105.6 (Porthill) to RM 158 (near Crossport), a span of about 52 miles. However, backwater locations from measured data ranged primarily from RM 152 to RM 157, a 5-mile span. The average backwater location from measured data was at about RM 154.
\nThree-parameter relations also were developed for determining the amount of discharge in the Shorty Island side channel and average velocity at selected cross sections in the study reach. Simulated discharge for the side channel relative to measured data ranged from 0 to about 5,500 cubic feet per second, and simulated average velocity relative to measured data ranged from 0 to about 3.5 feet per second. Relations using other hydraulic, sediment/incipient motion, ecological, and biological characteristics also could be developed.
\nThe relations also can be used in real time by accessing data from the Web. Discharge and stage data for two gaging stations, Tribal Hatchery (12310100) and Porthill (12322500), are available from the Idaho U.S. Geological Survey web page (URL: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/id/nwis/current/?type=flow). Because the coordinate axes of the three-parameter relations use discharge from the Tribal Hatchery gaging station and water-surface elevation from the Porthill gaging station, the location of the transition between backwater and free-flowing water can be determined for current conditions using the real-time data. Similarly, discharge in the Shorty Island side channel and (or) average velocity at selected cross sections also can be determined for current conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., 2005, Simulation of hydraulic characteristics in the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110, Report: vi, 30 p.; Data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055110.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Data files","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055110.PNG"},{"id":6606,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":286891,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5110/pdf/sir20055110.pdf"},{"id":286892,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5110/data/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","country":"Canada;United States","state":"British Columbia;Idaho;Montana","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,48.0 ], [ -118.0,50.0 ], [ -115.0,50.0 ], [ -115.0,48.0 ], [ -118.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e492de4b07f02db57f93b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70931,"text":"sir20055117 - 2005 - Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Fourth Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop: Denver, Colorado, April 23-27, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"sir20055117","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5117","title":"Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Fourth Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop: Denver, Colorado, April 23-27, 2001","docAbstract":"Introduction: \r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fourth Biennial Geographic Information Science (GIS) Workshop (USGS-GIS 2001) was held April 23-27, 2001, at the Denver Federal Center in Denver, Colorado. The workshop provided an environment for participants to improve their knowledge about GIS and GIS-related applications that are used within the USGS. Two major topics of USGS-GIS 2001 were the application of GIS technology to interdisciplinary science and the distribution and sharing of USGS GIS products. Additionally, several presentations included GIS technology and tools, project applications of GIS, and GIS data management. \r\n\r\nUSGS-GIS 2001 included user and vendor presentations, demonstrations, and hands-on technical workshops. Presentation abstracts that were submitted for publication are included in these proceedings. The keynote speaker was Karen Siderelis, the USGS Associate Director for Information (Geographic Information Officer). In addition to the USGS, other Federal agencies, GIS-related companies, and university researchers presented lectures or demonstrations or conducted hands-on sessions. USGS employees and contractors from every discipline and region attended the workshop. To facilitate the interaction between the Federal agencies, each of the presenting Federal agencies was invited to send a representative to the workshop. \r\n\r\nOne of the most beneficial activities of USGS-GIS 2001, as identified by an informal poll of attendees, was the Monday evening poster session in which more than 75 poster presentations gave attendees a chance to learn of work being performed throughout the USGS. A feature new to USGS-GIS 2001 was internet participation of USGS personnel through cyber seminars of the morning plenary sessions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055117","usgsCitation":"Sieverling, J.B., Char, S.J., and San Juan, C.A., 2005, Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Fourth Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop: Denver, Colorado, April 23-27, 2001 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5117, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055117.","productDescription":"40 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20055117/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66042f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sieverling, Jennifer B. jbsiever@usgs.gov","contributorId":4806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sieverling","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsiever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Char, Stephen J. sjchar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"Stephen","email":"sjchar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"San Juan, Carma A. 0000-0002-9151-1919 csanjuan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":1146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","email":"csanjuan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70901,"text":"sir20055081 - 2005 - Augmenting two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations with measured velocity data to identify flow paths as a function of depth on Upper St. Clair River in the Great Lakes basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T15:12:53","indexId":"sir20055081","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5081","title":"Augmenting two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations with measured velocity data to identify flow paths as a function of depth on Upper St. Clair River in the Great Lakes basin","docAbstract":"Upper St. Clair River, which receives outflow from Lake Huron, is characterized by flow velocities that exceed 7 feet per second and significant channel curvature that creates complex flow patterns downstream from the Blue Water Bridge in the Port Huron, Michigan, and Sarnia, Ontario, area. Discrepancies were detected between depth-averaged velocities previously simulated by a two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model and surface velocities determined from drifting buoy deployments. A detailed ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler) survey was done on Upper St. Clair River during July 1–3, 2003, to help resolve these discrepancies.
As part of this study, a refined finite-element mesh of the hydrodynamic model used to identify source areas to public water intakes was developed for Upper St. Clair River. In addition, a numerical procedure was used to account for radial accelerations, which cause secondary flow patterns near channel bends. The refined model was recalibrated to better reproduce local velocities measured in the ADCP survey. ADCP data also were used to help resolve the remaining discrepancies between simulated and measured velocities and to describe variations in velocity with depth.
Velocity data from ADCP surveys have significant local variability, and statistical processing is needed to compute reliable point estimates. In this study, velocity innovations were computed for seven depth layers posited within the river as the differences between measured and simulated velocities. For each layer, the spatial correlation of velocity innovations was characterized by use of variogram analysis. Results were used with kriging to compute expected innovations within each layer at applicable model nodes. Expected innovations were added to simulated velocities to form integrated velocities, which were used with reverse particle tracking to identify the expected flow path near a sewage outfall as a function of flow depth.
Expected particle paths generated by use of the integrated velocities showed that surface velocities in the upper layers tended to originate nearer the Canadian shoreline than velocities near the channel bottom in the lower layers. Therefore, flow paths to U.S. public water intakes located on the river bottom are more likely to be in the United States than withdrawals near the water surface. Integrated velocities in the upper layers are generally consistent with the surface velocities indicated by drifting-buoy deployments. Information in the 2D hydrodynamic model and the ADCP measurements was insufficient to describe the vertical flow component. This limitation resulted in the inability to account for vertical movements on expected flow paths through Upper St. Clair River. A three dimensional hydrodynamic model would be needed to account for these effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055081","collaboration":"In cooperation with the American Water Works Association Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Koschik, J., 2005, Augmenting two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations with measured velocity data to identify flow paths as a function of depth on Upper St. Clair River in the Great Lakes basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5081, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055081.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055081.JPG"},{"id":6551,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6680d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschik, J.A.","contributorId":101711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschik","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70915,"text":"ofr20051198 - 2005 - Graphical viewer for displaying locations and logs of selected wells and test holes in Putnam County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:37:26","indexId":"ofr20051198","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1198","title":"Graphical viewer for displaying locations and logs of selected wells and test holes in Putnam County, New York","docAbstract":"Aquifers (water bearing geologic units) are the primary source of drinking water in most of Putnam County, N.Y. The principal sources of data used to define the geometry and hydraulic characteristics of aquifers are the logs of wells and test holes within the county. This report explains how to use a graphical viewer, available on the World Wide Web (http://ny.water.usgs.gov/pubs/of/of051198), to locate selected wells and test holes in Putnam County and display their logs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Putnam County Department of Planning and Development","usgsCitation":"Wolcott, S.W., 2005, Graphical viewer for displaying locations and logs of selected wells and test holes in Putnam County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1198, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051198.","productDescription":"13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326015,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1198/ofr20051198.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2005-1198"},{"id":192796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1198/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051235","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Derkey, P., Miller, R.J., Causey, J.D., Bookstrom, A.A., Carlson, M.H., Green, G.N., Frost, T.P., Boleneus, D.E., Evans, K.V., Van Gosen, B.S., Wilson, A.B., Larsen, J.C., Kayser, H.Z., Kelley, W.N., and Assmus, K.C., 2005, Spatial databases for the geology of the northern Rocky Mountains — Idaho, Montana, and Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1235, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051235.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394900,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72180.htm"},{"id":6575,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"northern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6dd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derkey, Pamela D.","contributorId":69590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derkey","given":"Pamela D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carlson, Mary H.","contributorId":58723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, Gregory N.","contributorId":40226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Frost, Thomas P. 0000-0001-8348-8432 tfrost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-8432","contributorId":203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"Thomas","email":"tfrost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boleneus, David E.","contributorId":87167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boleneus","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Evans, Karl V. kvevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Karl","email":"kvevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Larsen, Jeremy C.","contributorId":13697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kayser, Helen Z.","contributorId":46173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayser","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kelley, William N.","contributorId":31844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Assmus, Kenneth C.","contributorId":17311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assmus","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70908,"text":"ofr20051153 - 2005 - Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data: Northeastern Channel Islands region, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T21:18:46.050239","indexId":"ofr20051153","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1153","title":"Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data: Northeastern Channel Islands region, southern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051153","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G., and Dunaway, M.E., 2005, Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data: Northeastern Channel Islands region, southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1153, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051153.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405503,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_71332.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6574,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1849365234375,\n 33.71748624018193\n ],\n [\n -119.19616699218749,\n 33.71748624018193\n ],\n [\n -119.19616699218749,\n 34.3207552752374\n ],\n [\n -120.1849365234375,\n 34.3207552752374\n ],\n [\n -120.1849365234375,\n 33.71748624018193\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698bd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy","contributorId":104164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunaway, Mary Elaine","contributorId":47037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunaway","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Elaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70902,"text":"sir20055077 - 2005 - Introduction to suspended-sediment sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"sir20055077","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5077","title":"Introduction to suspended-sediment sampling","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the amount and timing of sediment transport in streams is important to those directly or indirectly responsible for developing and managing water and land resources. Such data are often used to judge the health of watershed and the success or failure of activities designed to mitigate adverse impacts of sediment on streams and stream habitats. This training class presents an introduction to methods currently used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to sample suspended-sediment concentrations in streams. \r\n\r\nThe presentation is narrated, but you control the pace of the presentation. If the computer you are using can view 'MPEG' videos you will be able to take advantage of videos interspersed in the presentation. A test, found at the end of the presentation, can be taken to assess how well you understood the training material. The class, which is registered as class SW4416 with the National Training Center of the USGS, should take two or three hours to complete. \r\n\r\nIn order to use the presentation provided via this Web page, you will need to download a large disc images (linked below) and 'burn' it to a blank CD-ROM using a CD-ROM recorder on your computer. \r\n\r\nThe presentation will only run on a Windows-based personal computer (PC). The presentation was developed using Macromedia Director MX 20041 and is contained in the file 'SIR05-5077.exe' which should autolaunch. If it does not, the presentation can be started by double-clicking on the file name. A sound card and speakers are necessary to take advantage of narrations that accompany the presentation. Text of narrations is provided, if you are unable to listen to narrations. Instructions for installing and running the presentation are included in the file 'Tutorial.htm', which is on the CD. \r\n\r\n1 Registered Trademark: Macromedia Incorporated","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055077","usgsCitation":"Nolan, K.M., Gray, J.R., and Glysson, G.D., 2005, Introduction to suspended-sediment sampling: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5077, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055077.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6552,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5077/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d145d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, K. Michael","contributorId":71943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70900,"text":"sir20055033 - 2005 - Status of and changes in water quality monitored for the Idaho statewide surface-water-quality network, 1989—2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-04T10:22:04","indexId":"sir20055033","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5033","title":"Status of and changes in water quality monitored for the Idaho statewide surface-water-quality network, 1989—2002","docAbstract":"The Idaho statewide surface-water-quality monitoring network consists of 56 sites that have been monitored from 1989 through 2002 to provide data to document status and changes in the quality of Idaho streams. Sampling at 33 sites has covered a wide range of flows and seasons that describe water-quality variations representing both natural conditions and human influences. Targeting additional high- or low-flow sampling would better describe conditions at 20 sites during hydrologic extremes. At the three spring site types, sampling covered the range of flow conditions from 1989 through 2002 well. However, high flows at these sites since 1989 were lower than historical high flows as a result of declining ground-water levels in the Snake River Plain.\n\nSummertime stream temperatures at 45 sites commonly exceeded 19 and 22 degrees Celsius, the Idaho maximum daily mean and daily maximum criteria, respectively, for the protection of coldwater aquatic life. Criteria exceedances in stream basins with minimal development suggest that such high temperatures may occur naturally in many Idaho streams.\n\nSuspended-sediment concentrations were generally higher in southern Idaho than in central and northern Idaho, and network data suggest that the turbidity criteria are most likely to be exceeded at sites in southern Idaho and other sections of the Columbia Plateaus geomorphic province. This is probably because this province has more fine-grained soils that are subject to erosion and disturbance by land uses than the Northern Rocky Mountains province of northern and central\nIdaho has. Although erodable soils are likely a cause of elevated turbidities, suspended-sediment concentrations were not strongly correlated with turbidities.\n\nDissolved-solids and hardness concentrations were strongly correlated. This is probably because the limestones present in some basins are more soluble than the igneous rocks that predominate in others. Low hardness in streams of northern Idaho, where watersheds are underlain by resistant igneous rocks, enhances the toxicity of some trace elements to aquatic life in these streams.\n\nOnly a few measurements of dissolved-oxygen concentrations at six sites were less than 6.0 milligrams per liter, the Idaho minimum criterion for protection of aquatic organisms. High supersaturations of dissolved oxygen at four sites suggest excessive photosynthetic activity by algal communities. Nighttime monitoring would help determine whether dissolved-oxygen concentrations at these sites might fall below the Idaho criterion. Data from four sites suggest that dissolved-oxygen concentrations may have decreased over time.\n\nThe pH at 15 sites sometimes fell outside the range specified (6.5-9.0) for the protection of aquatic organisms in Idaho streams. Values exceeded 9.0 at 10 sites, probably because of excessive algal photosynthetic activity in waters where carbonate rocks are present. Values were sometimes less than 6.5 at five sites in areas of mountain bedrock geology where pH is likely to be naturally low. Mining activities also may contribute to low pH at some of these sites.\n\nInorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations commonly exceeded those considered sufficient for supporting excess algal production (0.3 and 0.1 milligrams per liter, respectively). Data from a few sites suggest that nitrogen and(or) phosphorus concentrations might be changing over time. Low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus at six sites, most representing forested basins, might make them good candidates as reference sites that represent naturally occurring nutrient concentrations.\n\nTrace elements examined for this report were cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc. In water, many trace-element concentrations were below the minimum analytical reporting levels. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc generally were highest in mined and other mineral-rich basins in northern Idaho. Concentrations of mercury were","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Hardy, M.A., Parliman, D.J., and O’Dell, I., 2005, Status of and changes in water quality monitored for the Idaho statewide surface-water-quality network, 1989—2002 (Version 1.1, July 7, 2005; Version 1.2, October 25, 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5033, viii, 66 p.; Appendixes A-C, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055033.","productDescription":"viii, 66 p.; Appendixes A-C","numberOfPages":"104","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262396,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5033/report.pdf"},{"id":262397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5033/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,42 ], [ -117.25,49 ], [ -111,49 ], [ -111,42 ], [ -117.25,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, July 7, 2005; Version 1.2, October 25, 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardy, Mark A.","contributorId":50902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parliman, Deborah J.","contributorId":27942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Dell, Ivalou","contributorId":21576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dell","given":"Ivalou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70898,"text":"sir20045218 - 2005 - Significance of the precambrian basement and late Cretaceous thrust nappes on the location of tertiary ore deposits in the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"sir20045218","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5218","title":"Significance of the precambrian basement and late Cretaceous thrust nappes on the location of tertiary ore deposits in the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"The Oquirrh Mountains are located in north central Utah, in the easternmost part of the Basin and Range physiographic\r\nprovince, immediately south of the Great Salt Lake. The range consists of a northerly trending alignment of peaks 56 km long. Tooele and Rush Valleys flank the Oquirrh Mountains on the western side and Salt Lake and Cedar Valleys lie on the eastern side. The world class Bingham mine in the central part of the range hosts disseminated copper-bearing porphyry, skarn, base-and precious-metal vein and replacement ore deposits. The district includes the outlying Barneys Canyon disseminated-gold deposits. Disseminated gold in the Mercur mining district in the southern part of the range has become exhausted. The Ophir and Stockton base- and precious-metal mining districts in the range north of Mercur also are inactive. A geologic map of the range (Tooker and Roberts, 1998), available at a scale of 1:50,000, is a summation of U.S. Geological\r\nSurvey (USGS) studies.\r\n\r\nInformation about the range and its mining areas is scattered. This report summarizes map locations, new stratigraphic and structural data, and reexamined data from an extensive published record. Unresolved controversial geological interpretations are considered, and, for the first time, the complete geological evidence provides a consistent regional basis for the location of the ore deposits in the range. The geological setting and the siting of mineral deposits in the Oquirrh Mountains began with the formation of a Precambrian craton. Exposures of folded Proterozoic basement rocks of the craton, in the Wasatch Mountains east of Salt Lake City, were accreted and folded onto an Archean crystalline rock terrane. The accretion suture lies along the north flank of the Uinta Mountains. The western part of the accreted block was offset to northern Utah along a north-trending fault lying approximately along the Wasatch Front (Nelson and others,\r\n2002), thereby creating a prominant basement barrier or buttress east of the Salt Lake area.\r\n\r\nThe accretion suture along the north flank of the Uinta\r\nAnticline overlaps an earlier Precambrian east-west mobile\r\nzone, the Uinta trend (Erickson, 1976, Bryant and Nichols,\r\n1988 and John, 1989), which extends westward across western\r\nUtah and into Nevada. A trace of the trend underlies the\r\nmiddle part of the Oquirrh Mountains. Its structure is recognized by disrupted Paleozoic stratigraphic units and fold and fault evidence of thrust faulting, intermittent local uplift and erosion, the alignment of Tertiary intrusives and associated ore deposits. Geologic readjustments along the trend continued intermittently through the Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Tertiary, and the development of clastic deposits along the shores of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. \r\n\r\nPaleozoic sedimentary rocks were deposited on the craton platform shelf in westernmost Utah and eastern Nevada as the shelf subsided gradually and differentially. Debris was shed into two basins separated by the uplifted Uinta trend, the Oquirrh Basin on the south and Sublette Basin on the north. Sediments were derived from the craton to the east, the Antler orogenic zone on the west (Roberts, 1964), and locally from uplifted parts of the trend itself. Thick accumulations of clastic calcareous quartzite, shale, limestone, and dolomite of Lower and Upper Paleozoic ages are now exposed in the Oquirrh Mountains, the result of thrust faults.\r\n\r\nEvidence of decollement thrust faults in in the Wasatch Mountains during the Late Cretaceous Sevier orogeny, recognized by Baker and others (1949) and Crittenden (1961, is also recognized in the Oquirrh Mountains by Roberts and others (1965). During the late Cretaceous Sevier Orogeny, nappes were thrust sequentially along different paths from\r\ntheir western hinterland to the foreland. Five distinct nappes converged over the Uinta trend onto an uplifted west-plunging basement buttress east of the Oquirrh Mountains area: the Pass Canyon, Bingham,","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045218","usgsCitation":"Tooker, E.W., 2005, Significance of the precambrian basement and late Cretaceous thrust nappes on the location of tertiary ore deposits in the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5218, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045218.","productDescription":"73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6549,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tooker, Edwin W.","contributorId":26345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tooker","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70893,"text":"fs20053040 - 2005 - USGS launches online database: Lichens in National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T15:13:08","indexId":"fs20053040","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3040","title":"USGS launches online database: Lichens in National Parks","docAbstract":"If you are interested in lichens and National Parks, now you can query a lichen database that combines these two elements. Using pull-down menus you can: search by park, specifying either species list or the references used for that area; search by species (a report will show the parks in which species are found); and search by reference codes, which are available from the first query. The reference code search allows you to obtain the complete citation for each lichen species listed in a National Park.
The result pages from these queries can be printed directly from the web browser, or can be copied and pasted into a word processor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053040","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J., 2005, USGS launches online database: Lichens in National Parks: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3040, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053040.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3040/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3040/fs20053040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"166 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2005-3040"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
This report contains major- and trace-element concentration data for soil samples collected from 265 sites along two continental-scale transects in North America. One of the transects extends from northern Manitoba to the United States-Mexico border near El Paso, Tex. and consists of 105 sites. The other transect approximately follows the 38th parallel from the Pacific coast of the United States near San Francisco, Calif., to the Atlantic coast along the Maryland shore and consists of 160 sites. Sampling sites were defined by first dividing each transect into approximately 40-km segments. For each segment, a 1-km-wide latitudinal strip was randomly selected; within each strip, a potential sample site was selected from the most representative landscape within the most common soil type. At one in four sites, duplicate samples were collected 10 meters apart to estimate local spatial variability. At each site, up to four separate soil samples were collected as follows: (1) material from 0-5 cm depth; (2) O horizon, if present; (3) a composite of the A horizon; and (4) C horizon. Each sample collected was analyzed for total major- and trace-element composition by the following methods: (1) inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) for aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, indium, iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, phosphorus, potassium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, sulfur, tellurium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc; (2) cold vapor- atomic absorption spectrometry for mercury; (3) hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry for antimony and selenium; (4) coulometric titration for carbonate carbon; and (5) combustion for total carbon and total sulfur.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051253","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Garrett, R.G., Klassen, R., Kilburn, J.E., Horton, J.D., King, H.D., Goldhaber, M.B., and Morrison, J.M., 2005, Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from two continental-scale transects of the United States and Canada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1253, ii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051253.","productDescription":"ii, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051253.JPG"},{"id":6576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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2001-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20055060","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5060","title":"Evaluation of Measurements Collected with Multi-Parameter Continuous Water-Quality Monitors in Selected Illinois Streams, 2001-03","docAbstract":"Eight streams, representing a wide range of environmental and water-quality conditions across Illinois, were monitored from July 2001 to October 2003 for five water-quality parameters as part of a pilot study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA). Continuous recording multi-parameter water-quality monitors were installed to collect data on water temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentrations, specific conductivity, pH, and turbidity. The monitors were near USGS streamflow-gaging stations where stage and streamflow are continuously recorded. During the study period, the data collected for these five parameters generally met the data-quality objectives established by the USGS and IEPA at all eight stations. A similar pilot study during this period for measurement of chlorophyll concentrations failed to achieve the data-quality objectives. Of all the sensors used, the temperature sensors provided the most accurate and reliable measurements (generally within ?5 percent of a calibrated thermometer reading). Signal adjustments and calibration of all other sensors are dependent upon an accurate and precise temperature measurement. The dissolved-oxygen sensors were the next most reliable during the study and were responsive to changing conditions and accurate at all eight stations. Specific conductivity was the third most accurate and reliable measurement collected from the multi-parameter monitors. Specific conductivity at the eight stations varied widely-from less than 40 microsiemens (?S) at Rayse Creek near Waltonville to greater than 3,500 ?S at Salt Creek at Western Springs. In individual streams, specific conductivity often changed quickly (greater than 25 percent in less than 3 hours) and the sensors generally provided good to excellent record of these variations at all stations. The widest range of specific-conductivity measurements was in Salt Creek at Western Springs in the Greater Chicago metropolitan area. Unlike temperature, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductivity that have been typically measured over a wide range of historical streamflow conditions in many streams, there are few historical turbidity data and the full range of turbidity values is not well known for many streams. Because proposed regional criteria for turbidity in regional streams are based on upper 25th percentiles of concentration in reference streams, accurate determination of the distribution of turbidity in monitored streams is important.\r\n\r\nDigital data from all five sensors were recorded within each of the eight sondes deployed in the streams and in automated data recorders in the nearby streamflow-gaging houses at each station. The data recorded on each sonde were retrieved to a field laptop computer at each station visit. The feasibility of transmitting these data in near-real time to a central processing point for dissemination on the World-Wide Web was tested successfully.\r\n\r\nData collected at all eight stations indicate that a number of factors affect the dissolved-oxygen concentration in the streams and rivers monitored. These factors include: temperature, biological activity, nutrient runoff, and weather (storm runoff). During brief periods usually in late summer, dissolved-oxygen concentrations in half or more of the eight streams and rivers monitored were below the 5 milligrams per liter minimum established by the Illinois Pollution Control Board to protect aquatic life. Because the streams monitored represent a wide range in water-quality and environmental conditions, including diffuse (non-point) runoff and wastewater-effluent contributions, this result indicates that deleterious low dissolved-oxygen concentrations during late summer may be widespread in Illinois streams.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20055060","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Groschen, G.E., and King, R.B., 2005, Evaluation of Measurements Collected with Multi-Parameter Continuous Water-Quality Monitors in Selected Illinois Streams, 2001-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5060, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055060.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9841,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=SIR&number=2005-5060&return_url=%2Fpubsearch%2Freports.cgi%2Fseries%3Fseries%3DSIR%3Bsortby%3Ddate","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubs/sir2005-5060.pdf","size":"3093","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,36 ], [ -93,44 ], [ -85,44 ], [ -85,36 ], [ -93,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb00a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groschen, George E.","contributorId":99132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Robin B.","contributorId":34506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70864,"text":"ofr20051140 - 2005 - Influence of Riparian Tree Phenology on Lower Colorado River Spring-Migrating Birds: Implications of Flower Cueing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:53:52","indexId":"ofr20051140","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1140","title":"Influence of Riparian Tree Phenology on Lower Colorado River Spring-Migrating Birds: Implications of Flower Cueing","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nNeotropical migrant birds make choices about which habitats are most likely to provide successful foraging locations during migration, but little is known about how these birds recognize and process environmental clues that indicate the presence of prey species. Aspects of tree phenology, notably flowering of trees along the lower Colorado River corridor, coincide with the migratory stopovers of leaf-gleaning insectivorous songbirds and may be an important indicator of arthropod prey species availability.\r\n\r\nShifting tree flowering and leaf flush during the spring migration period presents avian insectivores with an assortment of foraging opportunities. During two field seasons at Cibola National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Arizona, we examined riparian tree species to test whether leaf-gleaning insectivorous birds are attracted to the flowering condition of trees in choosing foraging sites. We predicted that flowering trees would host more insect prey resources, would thus show increased visit rates, length of stays and attack ratios of migrant avian insectivores, and that those arthropods would be found in the stomach contents of the birds. Paired trees of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), displaying heavy and light degrees of flowering were observed to test these predictions. To test whether birds are tracking arthropods directly or are using flowers as a proximate cue, we removed flowers from selected trees and paired these treated trees with neighboring high flowering trees, which served as controls. Avian foraging behavior, avian diets, arthropods, and phenology data were collected at the same time to control for temporal differences in insect availability, plant phenology, and differences in stopover arrivals of birds.\r\n\r\nWe documented five patterns from this study: 1) Higher abundance and richness of arthropods were found on honey mesquite trees with greater numbers of flowers. 2) Arthropod abundance and richness increased as flowering level increased. 3) The subset of migrant avian insectivores selected for study disproportionately foraged among honey mesquite trees with significantly greater amounts of flower coverage than they did on trees with less than average flower coverage. 4) Paired field experiments demonstrated that migrant avian insectivores more often visited, stayed longer, and had higher attack rates on insect prey in honey mesquite trees with greater numbers of flowers. 5) Diet analyses of selected avian insectivores showed over half of their diet consisted of prey significantly associated with honey mesquite flowering. Combined, these results suggest that honey mesquite flowering condition is an important cue used by avian insectivores that enables birds to quickly find arthropod prey at stop-over locations, while in transit during spring migration.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University, Department of Biological Sciences","usgsCitation":"McGrath, L.J., and van Riper, C., 2005, Influence of Riparian Tree Phenology on Lower Colorado River Spring-Migrating Birds: Implications of Flower Cueing (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1140, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051140.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10229,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee31f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGrath, Laura J.","contributorId":96353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70866,"text":"ofr20051157 - 2005 - Managing Fire in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert: A Review and Analysis of the Literature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"ofr20051157","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1157","title":"Managing Fire in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert: A Review and Analysis of the Literature","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nThis report began as a literature review (Gebow and Halvorson 2001) conducted for fire planners at Carlsbad Caverns National Park who were seeking information about (1) the natural state of park vegetation, (2) northern Chihuahuan Desert natural fire regimes, and (3) fire effects on park plant species. It is the goal of managers there to continue to refine the wildland and prescribed fire program as they learn more about the ecosystems at the park.The park has a history of grazing and then fire suppression in the 20th century. The current effort revisits questions asked by earlier workers at the park, Walter Kittams and Gary Ahlstrand, who began fire studies in the 1970s. \r\n\r\nThis document addresses ecosystems and historical change to those systems in Chihuahuan Desert areas of southeast Arizona, southern New Mexico, west Texas, or in neighboring regions that share the same plant species. It examines fire literature for situations possibly analogous to those at Carlsbad Caverns. It also includes papers that offer advice on extrapolating future ecological trends from past ones (Swetnam et al. 1999) and on resource management decision-making (Grumbine 1997), and other pieces that address broader aspects of fire or landscape change (Goldman 1994; Marston 1996; Mutch 1994, 1995). These more philosophical works were included in the original review at the park's request and have been retained here because they discuss other issues relevant to fire management. \r\n\r\nIndividual reviews of 35 papers, as requested originally by Carlsbad Caverns, appear in Appendix 1. The results section-summary of key findings-discusses historical changes to plant communities then focuses on burn intervals observed or recommended by workers for particular plant communities. Results from a search of the USDA Forest Service's Fire Effects Information System (www.fs.fed.us/database/feis) are also included in this report, supplemented with information from a review conducted by Ahlstrand (1981b) that included much of his own work. This database contains comprehensive plant species accounts and fire effects data. Entries are available for a number of the dominant species at Carlsbad Caverns, though the information frequently applies to the plants in other parts of their ranges. \r\n\r\nThe literature presents highly variable fire effects and observed/recommended burn intervals for similar plant communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert region. While local and longer-term fire-effects studies are still needed to guide resource managers, the variability seen in the literature itself translates into a fire management goal. Preserving the irregularity in time and space of fires would likely best replicate 'natural' fire regimes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051157","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the University of Arizona School of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Gebow, B.S., and Halvorson, W., 2005, Managing Fire in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert: A Review and Analysis of the Literature (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1157, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051157.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10232,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebow, Brooke S.","contributorId":68404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebow","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halvorson, William L.","contributorId":97194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70869,"text":"wdrIL041 - 2005 - Water resources data--Illinois, water year 2004 (includes historical data)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"wdrIL041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IL-04-1","title":"Water resources data--Illinois, water year 2004 (includes historical data)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrIL041","usgsCitation":"Cutshaw, S., Mills, P., Hogan, J., and Fazio, D., 2005, Water resources data--Illinois, water year 2004 (includes historical data): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IL-04-1, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIL041.","productDescription":"CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6514,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-il-04/start.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cutshaw, S.R.","contributorId":65539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutshaw","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, P. C.","contributorId":69117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogan, J.L.","contributorId":66349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fazio, D.J.","contributorId":44238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fazio","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}