Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention-transport through a headwater catchment was synthesized from studies encompassing four distinct hydrologic zones of the Shingobee River Headwaters near the origin of the Mississippi River. The hydrologic zones included: (1) hillslope ground water (ridge to bankside riparian); (2) alluvial riparian ground water; (3) ground water discharged through subchannel sediments (hyporheic zone); and (4) channel surface water. During subsurface hillslope transport through Zone 1, DIN, primarily nitrate, decreased from ∼3 mg-N/l to <0.1 mg-N/l. Ambient seasonal nitrate:chloride ratios in hillslope flow paths indicated both dilution and biotic processing caused nitrate loss. Biologically available organic carbon controlled biotic nitrate retention during hillslope transport. In the alluvial riparian zone (Zone 2) biologically available organic carbon controlled nitrate depletion although processing of both ambient and amended nitrate was faster during the summer than winter. In the hyporheic zone (Zone 3) and stream surface water (Zone 4) DIN retention was primarily controlled by temperature. Perfusion core studies using hyporheic sediment indicated sufficient organic carbon in bed sediments to retain ground water DIN via coupled nitrification-denitrification. Numerical simulations of seasonal hyporheic sediment nitrification-denitrification rates from perfusion cores adequately predicted surface water ammonium but not nitrate when compared to 5 years of monthly field data (1989-93). Mass balance studies in stream surface water indicated proportionally higher summer than winter N retention. Watershed DIN retention was effective during summer under the current land use of intermittently grazed pasture. However, more intensive land use such as row crop agriculture would decrease nitrate retention efficiency and increase loads to surface water. Understanding DIN retention capacity throughout the system, including special channel features such as sloughs, wetlands and floodplains that provide surface water-ground water connectivity, will be required to develop effective nitrate management strategies.
Extrapolating results of laboratory bioassays to streams is difficult, because conditions such as temperature and dissolved metal concentrations can change substantially on diel time scales. Field bioassays conducted for 96 h in two mining‐affected streams compared the survival of hatchery‐raised, metal‐näive westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) exposed to dissolved (0.1‐μm filtration) metal concentrations that either exhibited the diel variation observed in streams or were controlled at a constant value. Cadmium and Zn concentrations in these streams increased each night by as much as 61 and 125%, respectively, and decreased a corresponding amount the next day, whereas Cu did not display a diel concentration cycle. In High Ore Creek (40 km south of Helena, MT, USA), survival (33%) after exposure to natural diel‐fluctuating Zn concentrations (range, 214–634 μg/L; mean, 428 μg/L) was significantly (p = 0.008) higher than survival (14%) after exposure to a controlled, constant Zn concentration (422 μg/L). Similarly, in Dry Fork Belt Creek (70 km southeast of Great Falls, MT, USA), survival (75%) after exposure to diel‐fluctuating Zn concentrations (range, 266–522 μg/L; mean, 399 μg/L) was significantly (p = 0.022) higher than survival (50%) in the constant‐concentration treatment (392 μg/L). Survival likely was greater in these diel treatments, both because the periods of lower metal concentrations provided some relief for the fish and because toxicity during periods of higher metal concentrations was lessened by the simultaneous occurrence each night of lower water temperatures, which reduce the rate of metal uptake. Based on the present study, current water‐quality criteria appear to be protective for streams with diel concentration cycles of Zn (and, perhaps, Cd) for the hydrologic conditions tested.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/07-265.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., Harper, D.D., Farag, A., Cleasby, T., MacConnell, E., and Skaar, D., 2007, Influence of in-stream diel concentration cycles of dissolved trace metals on acute toxicity to one-year-old cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2667-2678, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-265.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2667","endPage":"2678","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212261,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-265.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b44e4b0c8380cd62399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, David D. 0000-0001-7061-8461 david_harper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-8461","contributorId":1140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David","email":"david_harper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, Aida 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":200690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleasby, Tom 0000-0003-0694-1541 tcleasby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-1541","contributorId":1137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleasby","given":"Tom","email":"tcleasby@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacConnell, Elizabeth","contributorId":7861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacConnell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skaar, D.","contributorId":28047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032985,"text":"70032985 - 2007 - Platinum group elements and gold in ferromanganese crusts from Afanasiy-Nikitin seamount, equatorial Indian Ocean: Sources and fractionation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-06T11:04:46.918013","indexId":"70032985","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2239,"text":"Journal of Earth System Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Platinum group elements and gold in ferromanganese crusts from Afanasiy-Nikitin seamount, equatorial Indian Ocean: Sources and fractionation","docAbstract":"The major element relationships in ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts from Afanasiy-Nikitin seamount (ANS), eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, appear to be atypical. High positive correlations (r = 0.99) between Mn/Co and Fe/Co ratios, and lack of correlation of those ratios with Co, Ce, and Ce/Co, indicate that the ANS Fe-Mn crusts are distinct from Pacific seamount Fe-Mn crusts, and reflect region-specific chemical characteristics. The platinum group elements (PGE: Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd) and Au in ANS Fe-Mn crusts are derived from seawater and are mainly of terrestrial origin, with a minor cosmogenic component. The Ru/Rh (0.5–2) and Pt/Ru ratios (7–28) are closely comparable to ratios in continental basalts, whereas Pd/Ir ratios exhibit values (<2) similar to CI-chondrite (∼1). The chondrite-normalized PGE patterns are similar to those of igneous rocks, except that Pd is relatively depleted. The water depth of Fe-Mn crust formation appears to have a first-order control on both major element and PGE enrichments. These relationships are defined statistically by significant (r > 0.75) correlations between water depth and Mn/Co, Fe/Co, Ce/Co, Co, and the PGEs. Fractionation of the PGE-Au from seawater during colloidal precipitation of the major-oxide phases is indicated by well-defined linear positive correlations (r > 0.8) of Co and Ce with Ir, Ru, Rh, and Pt; Au/Co with Mn/Co; and by weak or no correlations of Pd with water depth, Co-normalized major-element ratios, and with the other PGE (r < 0.5). The strong enrichment of Pt (up to 1 ppm) relative to the other PGE and its positive correlations with Ce and Co demonstrate a common link for the high concentrations of all three elements, which likely involves an oxidation reaction on the Mn-oxide and Fe-oxyhydroxide surfaces. The documented fractionation of PGE-Au and their positive association with redox sensitive Co and Ce may have applications in reconstructing past-ocean redox conditions and water masses.
The impact of river outfalls on beach water quality depends on numerous interacting factors. The delivery of contaminants by multiple creeks greatly complicates understanding of the source contributions, especially when pollution might originate up- or down-coast of beaches. We studied two beaches along Lake Michigan that are located between two creek outfalls to determine the hydrometeorologic factors influencing near-shore microbiologic water quality and the relative impact of the creeks. The creeks continuously delivered water with high concentrations of Escherichia coli to Lake Michigan, and the direction of transport of these bacteria was affected by current direction. Current direction reversals were associated with elevated E. coli concentrations at Central Avenue beach. Rainfall, barometric pressure, wave height, wave period, and creek specific conductance were significantly related to E. coli concentration at the beaches and were the parameters used in predictive models that best described E. coli variation at the two beaches. Multiple inputs to numerous beaches complicates the analysis and understanding of the relative relationship of sources but affords opportunities for showing how these complex creek inputs might interact to yield collective or individual effects on beach water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0025","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M., Whitman, R., Frick, W., and Ge, Z., 2007, Interaction and influence of two creeks on Escherichia coli concentrations of nearby beaches: Exploration of predictability and mechanisms: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 36, no. 5, p. 1338-1345, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0025.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1338","endPage":"1345","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0025"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ca9e4b0c8380cd62f14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frick, W.E.","contributorId":18169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ge, Z.","contributorId":99769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032865,"text":"70032865 - 2007 - Factors influencing ground-water recharge in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032865","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing ground-water recharge in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Ground-water recharge estimates for selected locations in the eastern half of the United States were obtained by Darcian and chloride-tracer methods and compared using statistical analyses. Recharge estimates derived from unsaturated-zone (RUZC) and saturated-zone (RSZC) chloride mass balance methods are less variable (interquartile ranges or IQRs are 9.5 and 16.1 cm/yr, respectively) and more strongly correlated with climatic, hydrologic, land use, and sediment variables than Darcian estimates (IQR = 22.8 cm/yr). The unit-gradient Darcian estimates are a nonlinear function of moisture content and also reflect the uncertainty of pedotransfer functions used to estimate hydraulic parameters. Significance level is <0.001 for nearly all explanatory variables having correlations with RUZC of <-0.3 or >0.3. Estimates of RSZC were evaluated using analysis of variance, multiple comparison tests, and an exploratory nonlinear regression (NLR) model. Recharge generally is greater in coastal plain surficial aquifers, fractured crystalline rocks, and carbonate rocks, or in areas with high sand content. Westernmost portions of the study area have low recharge, receive somewhat less precipitation, and contain fine-grained sediment. The NLR model simulates water input to the land surface followed by transport to ground water, depending on factors that either promote or inhibit water infiltration. The model explains a moderate amount of variation in the data set (coefficient of determination = 0.61). Model sensitivity analysis indicates that mean annual runoff, air temperature, and precipitation, and an index of ground-water exfiltration potential most influence estimates of recharge at sampled sites in the region. Soil characteristics and land use have less influence on the recharge estimates, but nonetheless are significant in the NLR model. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.06.029","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., Healy, R.W., Taber, P., Perkins, K., Hitt, K., and Wolock, D., 2007, Factors influencing ground-water recharge in the eastern United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 332, no. 1-2, p. 187-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.06.029.","startPage":"187","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.06.029"},{"id":241468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"332","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec4e4b0c8380cd535fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, B. T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taber, P.E.","contributorId":89729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taber","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perkins, K.","contributorId":73019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hitt, K.J.","contributorId":85985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032863,"text":"70032863 - 2007 - Effect of compost age and composition on the atrazine removal from solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032863","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of compost age and composition on the atrazine removal from solution","docAbstract":"Compost samples from two composting facilities, the Urbana (Illinois) Landscape Recycling Center (ULRC) and Illinois State University (ISU), were selected to examine the effect of compost age on atrazine removal from solution. The ULRC samples were made from yard waste without an additional nitrogen source. The ISU samples were made from yard waste or sawdust with the addition of manure. The 6-month-old ULRC compost had the greater capacity to remove atrazine from solution, which we attributed to its greater organic carbon content. The addition of nitrate into ULRC compost could influence the extent of atrazine removal, but did not have a significant impact on atrazine removal when applied to ISU compost, probably because manure was added to the yard waste to produce the compost. For both ULRC and ISU samples, the presence of sodium azide inhibited atrazine removal, suggesting that microbial activity contributed to the atrazine removal. Metabolic analysis demonstrated that hydroxyatrazine was the major identified metabolite that accumulated in solution before significant ring mineralization could occur. When compared with the ISU compost, the ULRC compost sample had a greater capacity to remove atrazine from solution during the 120 days of study because of the larger humic acid content. The experimental results suggested that less-mature compost may be better suited for environmental applications such as removing atrazine from tile-drainage waters. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.030","issn":"03043894","usgsCitation":"Tsui, L., and Roy, W.R., 2007, Effect of compost age and composition on the atrazine removal from solution: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 139, no. 1, p. 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.030.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213776,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.030"}],"volume":"139","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05cbe4b0c8380cd50f75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsui, L.","contributorId":86566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsui","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031591,"text":"70031591 - 2007 - Using topographic lidar data to delineate the North Carolina Shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:58:37","indexId":"70031591","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using topographic lidar data to delineate the North Carolina Shoreline","docAbstract":"In North Carolina, shoreline change rates are an important component of the state's coastal management program. To enhance methods of measuring shoreline change, the NC Division of Coastal Management (DCM) is considering using mean high water (MHW) shorelines extracted from lidar data together with traditional wet/dry shorelines digitized from aerial photography. To test their compatibility, a wet/dry line and MHW shoreline derived from a concurrent 2004 oceanfront photography and lidar dataset were compared along a distance of 244 km. Results show that the MHW shoreline was seaward of the wet/dry shoreline by 2.82 m on average, and that this offset biased shoreline change rates by an average of 0.05 m/yr. The offset was greatest on low-sloping beaches experiencing higher water levels at the time of photography, but overall was small enough to suggest that the MHW shoreline can be a reliable substitute for the wet/dry shoreline.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)144","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Limber, P., List, J., Warren, J.D., Farris, A., and Weber, K., 2007, Using topographic lidar data to delineate the North Carolina Shoreline, in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 1837-1850, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)144.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1837","endPage":"1850","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.6749,33.841 ], [ -78.6749,36.5882 ], [ -75.46,36.5882 ], [ -75.46,33.841 ], [ -78.6749,33.841 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0bae4b08c986b32a2b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Limber, Patrick W.","contributorId":38904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limber","given":"Patrick W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":21869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farris, Amy S.","contributorId":28075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Amy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber, Kathryn M.","contributorId":83387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032731,"text":"70032731 - 2007 - Subaqueous geology and a filling model for Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T11:45:52","indexId":"70032731","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subaqueous geology and a filling model for Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Results of a detailed bathymetric survey of Crater Lake conducted in 2000, combined with previous results of submersible and dredge sampling, form the basis for a geologic map of the lake floor and a model for the filling of Crater Lake with water. The most prominent landforms beneath the surface of Crater Lake are andesite volcanoes that were active as the lake was filling with water, following caldera collapse during the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama 7700 cal. yr B.P. The Wizard Island volcano is the largest and probably was active longest, ceasing eruptions when the lake was 80 m lower than present. East of Wizard Island is the central platform volcano and related lava flow fields on the caldera floor. Merriam Cone is a symmetrical andesitic volcano that apparently was constructed subaqueously during the same period as the Wizard Island and central platform volcanoes. The youngest postcaldera volcanic feature is a small rhyodacite dome on the east flank of the Wizard Island edifice that dates from 4800 cal. yr B.P. The bathymetry also yields information on bedrock outcrops and talus/debris slopes of the caldera walls. Gravity flows transport sediment from wall sources to the deep basins of the lake. Several debris-avalanche deposits, containing blocks up to 280 m long, are present on the caldera floor and occur below major embayments in the caldera walls. Geothermal phenomena on the lake floor are bacterial mats, pools of solute-rich warm water, and fossil subaqueous hot spring deposits. Lake level is maintained by a balance between precipitation and inflow versus evaporation and leakage. High-resolution bathymetry reveals a series of up to nine drowned beaches in the upper 30 m of the lake that we propose reflect stillstands subsequent to filling of Crater Lake. A prominent wave-cut platform between 4 m depth and present lake level that commonly is up to 40 m wide suggests that the surface of Crater Lake has been at this elevation for a very long time. Lake level apparently is limited by leakage through a permeable layer in the northeast caldera wall. The deepest drowned beach approximately corresponds to the base of the permeable layer. Among a group of lake filling models, our preferred one is constrained by the drowned beaches, the permeable layer in the caldera wall, and paleoclimatic data. We used a precipitation rate 70% of modern as a limiting case. Satisfactory models require leakage to be proportional to elevation and the best fit model has a linear combination of 45% leakage proportional to elevation and 55% of leakage proportional to elevation above the base of the permeable layer. At modern precipitation rates, the lake would have taken 420 yr to fill, or a maximum of 740 yr if precipitation was 70% of the modern value. The filling model provides a chronology for prehistoric passage zones on postcaldera volcanoes that ceased erupting before the lake was filled.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0343-5","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., Bacon, C., and Ramsey, D., 2007, Subaqueous geology and a filling model for Crater Lake, Oregon: Hydrobiologia, v. 574, no. 1, p. 13-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0343-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477074,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232804","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0343-5"}],"volume":"574","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cffe4b08c986b31d59f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, D.W.","contributorId":95219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182802,"text":"70182802 - 2007 - Accumulation of dechlorination daughter products: A valid metric of chloroethene biodegradation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:53:52","indexId":"70182802","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3249,"text":"Remediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of dechlorination daughter products: A valid metric of chloroethene biodegradation","docAbstract":"In situ reductive dechlorination of perchloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) generates characteristic chlorinated (cis-dichloroethene [cis-DCE] and vinyl chloride [VC]) and nonchlorinated (ethene and ethane) products. The accumulation of these daughter products is commonly used as a metric for ongoing biodegradation at field sites. However, this interpretation assumes that reductive dechlorination is the only chloroethene degradation process of any significance in situ and that the characteristic daughter products of chloroethene reductive dechlorination persist in the environment. Laboratory microcosms, prepared with aquifer and surface-water sediments from hydrologically diverse sites throughout the United States and amended with [1,2-14C] TCE, [1,2-14C] DCE, [1,2-14C] DCA, or [1,2-14C] VC, demonstrated widely variable patterns of intermediate and final product accumulation. In predominantly methanogenic sediment treatments, accumulation of 14C-DCE, 14C-VC, 14C-ethene, and 14C-ethane predominated. Treatments characterized by significant Fe(III) and/or Mn(IV) reduction, on the other hand, demonstrated substantial, and in some cases exclusive, accumulation of 14CO2and 14CH4. These results suggest that relying on the accumulation of cis-DCE, VC, ethene, and ethane may substantially underestimate overall chloroethene biodegradation at many sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley ","doi":"10.1002/rem.20140","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2007, Accumulation of dechlorination daughter products: A valid metric of chloroethene biodegradation: Remediation Journal, v. 17, no. 4, p. 7-22, https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.20140.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Frank H.","contributorId":53424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182801,"text":"70182801 - 2007 - Arsenic in the environment: Biology and chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:19:37.804531","indexId":"70182801","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in the environment: Biology and chemistry","docAbstract":"Arsenic (As) distribution and toxicology in the environment is a serious issue, with millions of individuals worldwide being affected by As toxicosis. Sources of As contamination are both natural and anthropogenic and the scale of contamination ranges from local to regional. There are many areas of research that are being actively pursued to address the As contamination problem. These include new methods of screening for As in the field, determining the epidemiology of As in humans, and identifying the risk of As uptake in agriculture. Remediation of As-affected water supplies is important and research includes assessing natural remediation potential as well as phytoremediation. Another area of active research is on the microbially mediated biogeochemical interactions of As in the environment.
In 2005, a conference was convened to bring together scientists involved in many of the different areas of As research. In this paper, we present a synthesis of the As issues in the light of long-standing research and with regards to the new findings presented at this conference. This contribution provides a backdrop to the issues raised at the conference together with an overview of contemporary and historical issues of As contamination and health impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.037","usgsCitation":"Bhattacharya, P., Welch, A., Stollenwerk, K.G., McLaughlin, M.J., Bundschuh, J., and Panaullah, G., 2007, Arsenic in the environment: Biology and chemistry: Science of the Total Environment, v. 379, no. 2-3, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.037.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"379","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhattacharya, Prosun","contributorId":184213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"Prosun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":673799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, Mike J.","contributorId":184214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bundschuh, Jochen","contributorId":184215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bundschuh","given":"Jochen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Panaullah, G.","contributorId":184216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panaullah","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179829,"text":"70179829 - 2007 - Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:19:29","indexId":"70179829","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3720,"text":"Water Resources Impact","printIssn":"1522-3175","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC)","docAbstract":"Current analytical capabilities are allowing scientists to identify possible contaminants in the environment that were previously unmonitored or were present at concentrations too low for detection. New scientific evidence about the exposure pathways and potential impacts of some of these compounds on human or environmental health is regularly being published (Woodling et al., 2006; Drewes et al., 2005; Kinney et al., 2006; Gibs et al., 2007; Veldhoen et al., 2006). Recent news headlines have declared potential human health and ecological concerns regarding the occurrence of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in our environment. These are products that we regularly use (or create) in our homes, businesses, farms and industry, including plasticizers, flame retardants, detergents, pesticides and herbicides, antibacterial agents, steroids, antibiotics, and disinfection byproducts. These ‘emerging contaminants’ (ECs) are compounds that have recently been shown to occur widely in one or more environmental media, have been identified as being a potential public health or ecological risk, and yet adequate data are lacking to determine their actual risk (Younos, 2005; Soin and Smagghe, 2007; Hutchinson, 2007).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., and Battaglin, W.A., 2007, Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC): Water Resources Impact, v. May 2007, p. 22-24.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.awra.org/impact/"}],"volume":"May 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d72e4b01dfadfff155f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Juliane B.","contributorId":74040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Juliane B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029966,"text":"70029966 - 2007 - Widespread natural perchlorate in unsaturated zones of the southwest United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T11:23:16.865044","indexId":"70029966","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread natural perchlorate in unsaturated zones of the southwest United States","docAbstract":"A substantial reservoir (up to 1 kg ha-1) of natural perchlorate is present in diverse unsaturated zones of the arid and semi-arid southwestern United States. The perchlorate co-occurs with meteoric chloride that has accumulated in these soils throughout the Holocene [0 to 10−15 ka (thousand years ago)] and possibly longer periods. Previously, natural perchlorate widely believed to be limited to the Atacama Desert, now appears widespread in steppe-to-desert ecoregions. The perchlorate reservoir becomes sufficiently large to affect groundwater when recharge from irrigation or climate change flushes accumulated salts from the unsaturated zone. This new source may help explain increasing reports of perchlorate in dry region agricultural products and should be considered when evaluating overall source contributions.
Hatchery-reared juvenile, <25-cm TL (total length), razorback suckers appeared curious and showed no sign of predator avoidance when initially placed with large (>45-cm TL) flathead catfish. Predator-naïve juveniles (20- to 25-cm TL) exhibited no discernable preference when provided areas with and without (52 percent and 48 percent, n = 16 observations; 46 percent and 54 percent, n = 20 observations) large flathead catfish. However, once predation occurred, use of predator-free areas nearly doubled in two trials (36 percent and 64 percent, n = 50 observations; 33 percent and 67 percent, n = 12 observations). A more stringent test examining available area indicated predator-savvy razorback suckers used predator-free areas (88 percent, n = 21) illustrating predator avoidance was a learned behavior.
\nRazorback suckers exercised (treatment) in water current (<0.3 m/s) for 10 weeks exhibited greater swimming stamina than unexercised, control fish. When exercised and unexercised razorback suckers were placed together with large predators in 2006, treatment fish had significantly fewer (n = 9, z = 1.69, p = 0.046) mortalities than control fish, suggesting increased stamina improved predator escape skills. Predator/prey tests comparing razorback suckers that had been previously exposed to a predation event with control fish, found treatment fish also had significantly fewer losses than predatornaïve fish (p = 0.017). Similar tests exposing predator-savvy and predator-naïve bonytail with largemouth bass showed a similar trend; predator-savvy bonytail suffered 38 percent fewer losses than control fish. However, there was not a statistically significant difference between the test groups (p = 0.143) due to small sample size. All exercise and predator exposure trials increased the survival rate of razorback sucker and bonytail compared to untreated counterparts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071423","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Willow Beach National Fish Hatchery","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G.A., Carpenter, J., Krapfel, R., and Figiel, C., 2007, Preliminary testing of the role of exercise and predator recognition for bonytail and razorback sucker: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1423, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071423.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071423.PNG"},{"id":321210,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1423/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon A.","contributorId":86420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Jeanette","contributorId":41513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Jeanette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krapfel, Robert","contributorId":49057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapfel","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Figiel, Chester","contributorId":65939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figiel","given":"Chester","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80482,"text":"ofr20071282 - 2007 - Simulation of flow and habitat conditions under ice, Cache la Poudre River - January 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T13:37:32","indexId":"ofr20071282","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1282","title":"Simulation of flow and habitat conditions under ice, Cache la Poudre River - January 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Forest Service authorizes the occupancy and use of Forest Service lands by various projects, including water storage facilities, under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act. Federal Land Policy and Management Act permits can be renewed at the end of their term. The U.S. Forest Service analyzes the environmental effects for the initial issuance or renewal of a permit and the terms and conditions (for example, mitigations plans) contained in the permit for the facilities. The U.S. Forest Service is preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS) to determine the conditions for the occupancy and use for Long Draw Reservoir on National Forest System administered lands. The scope of the EIS includes evaluating current operations and effects to fish habitat of an ongoing winter release of 0.283 m3 /s (10 ft3 /s) from headwater reservoirs as part of a previously issued permit. The field conditions observed during this study included this release.
\nThe U.S. Forest Service entered into an interagency agreement (05-IA-11021000-030) with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center to perform analysis of fish habitat and flow relationships in the Cache la Poudre River during winter ice-over conditions using a twodimensional hydrodynamic model. The U.S. Forest Service selected the Fort Collins Science Center for this task because of their expertise in developing two-dimensional hydraulic models for habitat modeling applications. This report transmits model results to the U.S. Forest Service to analyze the effects of alternative flow scenarios at a site on the mainstem Cache la Poudre River in Larimer County, Colorado, near Kinikinik (40° 42' 44.16\" N. lat, 105° 44' 30.70\" W. log), as shown in figure 1. It will be used in pending environmental analyses and decisions for the occupancy and use of the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest by water storage facilities.
\nThe water management scenarios of interest in this study are related to releasing water from Chambers and Barnes Meadows Reservoirs, based on the assumption that winter flow augmentation can increase potential fish habitat. Figure 2 shows the relationship between Chambers, Barnes Meadows, and Long Draw Reservoirs. At the time this study was proposed, existing flow simulation results showed that the channel constraints imposed by existing artificial low-head dikes would have little or no effect on the hydrodynamics of the river at the low flow levels that were to be evaluated. The Kinikinik study site contains deep pools, riffles, and runs. This diversity of habitat types made it ideal for assessing the effects of altered flow on fish habitat under ice in the main stem Cache la Poudre River. Thus, the Kinikinik site was selected for this study of winter habitat conditions.
\nThe preexisting topographic and hydrologic data collected at this site enabled data collection efforts for this study to focus on describing streamflow and ice cover during the winter months. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, River2D (Steffler and Blackburn, 2002), was used to simulate flow conditions under the ice cover that was observed January 24, 2006.
\nThe objectives of this study are (1) to describe the extent and thickness of ice cover, (2) simulate depth and velocity under ice at the study site for observed and reduced flows, and (3) to quantify fish habitat in this portion of the mainstem Cache la Poudre River for the current winter release schedule as well as for similar conditions without the 0.283 m3/s winter release.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071282","usgsCitation":"Waddle, T., 2007, Simulation of flow and habitat conditions under ice, Cache la Poudre River - January 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1282, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071282.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071282.PNG"},{"id":320217,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1282/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Cache la Poudre River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.90202331542969,\n 40.52267294048898\n ],\n [\n -105.90202331542969,\n 40.71863980562837\n ],\n [\n -105.42411804199219,\n 40.71863980562837\n ],\n [\n -105.42411804199219,\n 40.52267294048898\n ],\n [\n -105.90202331542969,\n 40.52267294048898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, Terry","contributorId":47848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029957,"text":"70029957 - 2007 - Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70029957","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials","docAbstract":"Competition between native and non-native species can change the composition and structure of plant communities, but in deserts, the highly variable timing of resource availability also influences non-native plant establishment, thus modulating their impacts on native species. In a field experiment, we varied densities of the non-native annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens around individuals of three native Mojave Desert perennials-Larrea tridentata, Achnatherum hymenoides, and Pleuraphis rigida-in either winter or spring. For comparison, additional plots were prepared for the same perennial species and seasons, but with a mixture of native annual species as neighbors. Growth of perennials declined when Bromus was established in winter because Bromus stands had 2-3 months of growth and high water use before perennial growth began. However, water potentials for the perennials were not significantly reduced, suggesting that direct competition for water may not be the major mechanism driving reduced perennial growth. The impact of Bromus on Larrea was lower than for the two perennial grasses, likely because Larrea maintains low growth rates throughout the year, even after Bromus has completed its life cycle. This result contrasts with the perennial grasses, whose phenology completely overlaps with (Achnatherum) or closely follows (Pleuraphis) that of Bromus. In comparison, Bromus plants established in spring were smaller than those established in winter and thus did not effectively reduce growth of the perennials. Growth of perennials with mixed annuals as neighbors also did not differ from those with Bromus neighbors of equivalent biomass, but stands of these native annuals did not achieve the high biomass of Bromus stands that were necessary to reduce perennial growth. Seed dormancy and narrow requirements for seedling survivorship of native annuals produce densities and biomass lower than those achieved by Bromus; thus, impacts of native Mojave Desert annuals on perennials are expected to be lower than those of Bromus. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"DeFalco, L., Fernandez, G., and Nowak, R., 2007, Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials: Biological Invasions, v. 9, no. 3, p. 293-307, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5.","startPage":"293","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5"},{"id":240654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc167e4b08c986b32a563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFalco, L.A.","contributorId":46032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandez, G.C.J.","contributorId":9871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"G.C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowak, R.S.","contributorId":104857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029724,"text":"70029724 - 2007 - Genetic diversity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus from Feather River and Lake Oroville, California, and virulence of selected isolates for Chinook salmon and rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029724","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus from Feather River and Lake Oroville, California, and virulence of selected isolates for Chinook salmon and rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a significant pathogen of young salmonid fishes worldwide but particularly within the historical range of the Pacific Northwest and California. In the Sacramento and San Joaquin River drainages of California, IHNV outbreaks in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have been observed regularly at large production hatcheries, including Coleman National Fish Hatchery (established in 1941) and Feather River State Fish Hatchery (FRH; established in 1967), since facility operations began. Recent severe epidemics at the FRH in 1998 and 2000-2002 prompted investigations into the characteristics and potential sources of virus at this facility. Both phylogenetic analyses of a variable portion of the glycoprotein gene and serologic comparisons based on neutralization with three polyclonal rabbit sera were used to characterize 82 IHNV isolates from the Feather River watershed between 1969 and 2004. All isolates examined were in the L genogroup and belonged to one of three serologic groups typical of IHNV from California. The IHNV isolates from the Feather River area demonstrated a maximum nucleotide sequence divergence of 4.0%, and new isolates appeared to emerge from previous isolates rather than by the introduction of more diverse subgroups from exogenous sources. The earliest isolates examined from the watershed formed the subgroup LI, which disappeared coincidently with a temporal shift to new genetic and serologic types of the larger subgroup LII. Experimental challenges demonstrated no significant differences in the virulence for juvenile Chinook salmon and rainbow trout O. mykiss from selected isolates representing the principal types of IHNV found historically and from recent epidemics at FRH. While most isolates were equally virulent for both host species, one isolate was found to be more virulent for Chinook salmon than for rainbow trout. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/H07-003.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Bendorf, C., Kelley, G., Yun, S., Kurath, G., Andree, K., and Hedrick, R., 2007, Genetic diversity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus from Feather River and Lake Oroville, California, and virulence of selected isolates for Chinook salmon and rainbow trout: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 19, no. 4, p. 254-269, https://doi.org/10.1577/H07-003.1.","startPage":"254","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H07-003.1"},{"id":240236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1574e4b0c8380cd54e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bendorf, C.M.","contributorId":41215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bendorf","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, G.O.","contributorId":47156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"G.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yun, S.C.","contributorId":69778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yun","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andree, K.B.","contributorId":48759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andree","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedrick, R.P.","contributorId":76431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029808,"text":"70029808 - 2007 - State factor relationships of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen losses from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T10:07:16","indexId":"70029808","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State factor relationships of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen losses from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds","docAbstract":"We sampled 100 unpolluted, old-growth forested watersheds, divided among 13 separate study areas over 5 years in temperate southern Chile and Argentina, to evaluate relationships among dominant soil-forming state factors and dissolved carbon and nitrogen concentrations in watershed streams. These watersheds provide a unique opportunity to examine broad-scale controls over carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemistry in the absence of significant human disturbance from chronic N deposition and land use change. Variations in the ratio dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to nitrogen (DON) in watershed streams differed by underlying soil parent material, with average C:N = 29 for watersheds underlain by volcanic ash and basalt versus C:N = 73 for sedimentary and metamorphic parent materials, consistent with stronger adsorption of low C:N hydrophobic materials by amorphous clays commonly associated with volcanic ash and basalt weathering. Mean annual precipitation was related positively to variations in both DOC (range: 0.2-9.7 mg C/L) and DON (range: 0.008-0.135 mg N/L) across study areas, suggesting that variations in water volume and concentration may act synergistically to influence C and N losses across dry to wet gradients in these forest ecosystems. Dominance of vegetation by broadleaf versus coniferous trees had negligible effects on organic C and N concentrations in comparison to abiotic factors. We conclude that precipitation volume and soil parent material are important controls over chemical losses of dissolved organic C and N from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds. Our results raise the possibility that biotic imprints on watershed C and N losses may be less pronounced in naturally N-poor forests than in areas impacted by land use change and chronic N deposition. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JG000276","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., and Hedin, L.O., 2007, State factor relationships of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen losses from unpolluted temperate forest watersheds: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 112, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000276.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212862,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000276"}],"volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96c8e4b08c986b31b6e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, S.S.","contributorId":82039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedin, L. O.","contributorId":28574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedin","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029810,"text":"70029810 - 2007 - Regional differences in size-at-age of the recovering burbot (Lota lota) population in Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T09:40:56","indexId":"70029810","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional differences in size-at-age of the recovering burbot (Lota lota) population in Lake Erie","docAbstract":"The burbot Lota lota population in Lake Erie increased dramatically between 1995 and 2003, due mainly to control of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, which began in the late 1980s. We estimated total length- and weight-at-age at capture for burbot caught in annual gillnet surveys of eastern Lake Erie during August 1994–2003. Mean total length was generally greater for burbot age 4–9 years that were caught in New York waters than in either Ontario or Pennsylvania waters of Lake Erie. Similarly, mean weight was greater for burbot at ages 4 through 6 years in New York waters than in either Ontario or Pennsylvania waters. Age-9 burbot caught in Ontario waters had greater mean weight and mean total length than did age-9 burbot caught in Pennsylvania waters. One possible explanation for greater length- and weight-at-age for New York burbot may be greater abundance of prey fishes, particularly rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and round goby Neogobius melanostomus in New York waters. Total lengths at ages 4–10 years were generally greater for burbot caught in Lake Erie during 1994–2003 than those from published studies of other large lakes in North America that we considered, including for Lake Erie in 1946. The regional differences in size-at-age have important management ramifications, particularly because a commercial fishery targeting burbot has been considered for Ontario waters of Lake Erie.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[91:RDISOT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M., Madenjian, C., and Tost, J., 2007, Regional differences in size-at-age of the recovering burbot (Lota lota) population in Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. Supplement 1, p. 91-102, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[91:RDISOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212889,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[91:RDISOT]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4bde4b0e8fec6cdbc3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tost, J.","contributorId":71002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tost","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029732,"text":"70029732 - 2007 - Roadless space of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029732","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roadless space of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Roads encroaching into undeveloped areas generally degrade ecological and watershed conditions and simultaneously provide access to natural resources, land parcels for development, and recreation. A metric of roadless space is needed for monitoring the balance between these ecological costs and societal benefits. We introduce a metric, roadless volume (RV), which is derived from the calculated distance to the nearest road. RV is useful and integrable over scales ranging from local to national. The 2.1 million cubic kilometers of RV in the conterminous United States are distributed with extreme inhomogeneity among its counties.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1138141","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Watts, R., Compton, R., McCammon, J., Rich, C., Wright, S., Owens, T., and Ouren, D., 2007, Roadless space of the conterminous United States: Science, v. 316, no. 5825, p. 736-738, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1138141.","startPage":"736","endPage":"738","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1138141"},{"id":240344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"316","issue":"5825","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadd2e4b0c8380cd86f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, R.D.","contributorId":94666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Compton, R.W.","contributorId":90938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Compton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCammon, J.H.","contributorId":61246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rich, C.L.","contributorId":94863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, S.M.","contributorId":107101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owens, T.","contributorId":82924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ouren, D.S.","contributorId":104290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouren","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70029734,"text":"70029734 - 2007 - A simple daily soil-water balance model for estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater recharge in temperate humid areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029734","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple daily soil-water balance model for estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater recharge in temperate humid areas","docAbstract":"Quantifying the spatial and temporal distribution of natural groundwater recharge is usually a prerequisite for effective groundwater modeling and management. As flow models become increasingly utilized for management decisions, there is an increased need for simple, practical methods to delineate recharge zones and quantify recharge rates. Existing models for estimating recharge distributions are data intensive, require extensive parameterization, and take a significant investment of time in order to establish. The Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) has developed a simple daily soil-water balance (SWB) model that uses readily available soil, land cover, topographic, and climatic data in conjunction with a geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the temporal and spatial distribution of groundwater recharge at the watershed scale for temperate humid areas. To demonstrate the methodology and the applicability and performance of the model, two case studies are presented: one for the forested Trout Lake watershed of north central Wisconsin, USA and the other for the urban-agricultural Pheasant Branch Creek watershed of south central Wisconsin, USA. Overall, the SWB model performs well and presents modelers and planners with a practical tool for providing recharge estimates for modeling and water resource planning purposes in humid areas. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-007-0160-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Dripps, W.R., and Bradbury, K.R., 2007, A simple daily soil-water balance model for estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater recharge in temperate humid areas: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 15, no. 3, p. 433-444, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0160-6.","startPage":"433","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212832,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0160-6"},{"id":240380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58de4b0c8380cd46e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dripps, W. R.","contributorId":27978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dripps","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, K. R.","contributorId":86070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029763,"text":"70029763 - 2007 - Barite-forming environments along a rifted continental margin, Southern California Borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-07T11:11:06.190835","indexId":"70029763","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Barite-forming environments along a rifted continental margin, Southern California Borderland","docAbstract":"The Southern California Continental Borderland (SCCB) is part of the broad San Andreas transform-fault plate boundary that consists of a series of fault-bounded, petroleum-generating basins. The SCCB has high heat flow and geothermal gradients produced by thinned continental crust and Neogene volcanism. Barite deposits in the SCCB occur along faults.
Barite samples from two sea-cliff sites and four offshore sites in the SCCB were analyzed for mineralogy, chemical (54 elements) and isotopic (S, Sr) compositions, and petrography. Barite from Palos Verdes (PV) Peninsula sea-cliff outcrops is hosted by the Miocene Monterey Formation and underlying basalt; carbonate rocks from those outcrops were analyzed for C, O, and Sr isotopes and the basalt for S isotopes. Cold-seep barite from Monterey Bay, California was analyzed for comparison. SCCB offshore samples occur at water depths from about 500 to 1800 m. Those barites vary significantly in texture and occurrence, from friable, highly porous actively growing seafloor mounds to dense, brecciated, vein barite. This latter type of barite contrasts with cold-seep barite in being much more coarse grained, forms thick veins in places, and completely replaced rock clasts in breccia.
The barite samples range from 94 to 99 wt% BaSO4, with low trace-element contents, except for high Sr, Zr, Br, U, and Hg concentrations compared to their crustal abundances. δ34S for SCCB offshore barites range from 21.6‰ to 67.4‰, and for PV barite from 62‰ to 70‰. Pyrite from PV sea-cliff basalt and sedimentary rocks that host the barites averages 7.8‰ and 2.2‰, respectively. Two offshore barite samples have δ34S values (21.6‰, 22.1‰) close to that of modern seawater sulfate, whereas all other samples are enriched to strongly enriched in 34S. 87Sr/86Sr ratios for the barites vary over a narrow range of 0.70830–0.70856 and are much lower than that of modern seawater and also lower than the middle Miocene seawater ratio, the time of deposition of the host rocks for the PV samples. This indicates that the mineralizing fluids were not unaltered seawater.
We develop a model in which the barites precipitated both below the sediment–water interface and at the seafloor from low-temperature fluids that circulated along faults. The isotopic, chemical, and textural data indicate that the barites formed by several processes. Mesozoic and Cenozoic basement rocks (crystalline and overlying sedimentary rocks), Quaternary basin fill, turbidite fans, and seawater provided various elements for the barites in different environments. The fluids had a deep-seated source and were hydrothermal in the deeper parts of the system for all the barite types, including the seafloor cold-seep deposit, based on Sr isotopes and regional geothermal gradients. These deep-seated fluids mixed with other fluids as they ascended, including seawater at and near the seafloor. The high δ34S values may have resulted from extreme Rayleigh fractionation during bacterially mediated (semi)closed-system sulfate reduction, probably driven by the flux of methane- and hydrocarbon-bearing fluids through basement rocks and basin sediments. Early diagenetic dolomite and pyrite in the host Monterey Formation in the PV Headland also formed in a zone of sulfate reduction, but within sediment buried only centimeters to a few meters and with a predominantly seawater source for the sulfur. Dolomite occurring with vein barite in the PV Headland formed at temperatures in the range of 40–90 °C. The cold-seep barites have δ34S values near that of modern seawater, although still somewhat fractionated. The barites that precipitated below the sediment–water interface have higher δ34S values, suggesting that the fluids were relatively reduced with molar dissolved barium in excess of dissolved sulfate. Those samples were exposed at the seafloor by uplift along faults and are composed predominantly of massive, brecciated, and vein barite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.011","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., Zierenberg, R.A., Maynard, J.B., and Hannington, M.D., 2007, Barite-forming environments along a rifted continental margin, Southern California Borderland: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 54, no. 11-13, p. 1327-1349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.011.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1327","endPage":"1349","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,31.0 ], [ -120.0,34.0 ], [ -117.0,34.0 ], [ -117.0,31.0 ], [ -120.0,31.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"54","issue":"11-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efbae4b0c8380cd4a406","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maynard, J. Barry","contributorId":42432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maynard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hannington, Mark D.","contributorId":71768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannington","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029766,"text":"70029766 - 2007 - The feasibility of applying immature yard-waste compost to remove nitrate from agricultural drainage effluents: A preliminary assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029766","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The feasibility of applying immature yard-waste compost to remove nitrate from agricultural drainage effluents: A preliminary assessment","docAbstract":"Nitrate is a major agricultural pollutant found in drainage waters. Immature yard-waste compost was selected as a filter media to study its feasibility for removing nitrate from drainage water. Different operation parameters were tested to examine the denitrification efficiency, including the amounts of compost packed in columns, the flow rate, and the compost storage periods. The experimental results suggested that hydraulic retention time was the major factor to determine the extent of nitrate removal, although the amount of compost packed could also contribute to the nitrate removal efficiency. The effluent nitrate concentration increased as the flow rate decreased, and the compost column reduced nitrate concentrations from 20 mg/L to less than 5 mg/L within 1.5 h. The solution pH increased at the onset of experiment because of denitrification, but stabilized at a pH of about 7.8, suggesting that the compost had a buffering capacity to maintain a suitable pH for denitrification. Storing compost under air-dried conditions may diminish the extent nitrate removed initially, but the effects were not apparent after longer applications. It appeared that immature yard-waste compost may be a suitable material to remove nitrate from tile drainage water because of its relatively large organic carbon content, high microbial activity, and buffering capacity. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.077","issn":"03043894","usgsCitation":"Tsui, L., Krapac, I., and Roy, W.R., 2007, The feasibility of applying immature yard-waste compost to remove nitrate from agricultural drainage effluents: A preliminary assessment: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 144, no. 1-2, p. 585-589, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.077.","startPage":"585","endPage":"589","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212741,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.077"}],"volume":"144","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babfee4b08c986b3231dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsui, L.","contributorId":86566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsui","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029769,"text":"70029769 - 2007 - Seasonal fish community variation in headwater mangrove creeks in the southwestern everglades: An examination of their role as dry-down refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029769","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seasonal fish community variation in headwater mangrove creeks in the southwestern everglades: An examination of their role as dry-down refuges","docAbstract":"The connectivity between the fish community of estuarine mangroves and that of freshwater habitats upstream remains poorly understood. In the Florida Everglades, mangrove-lined creeks link freshwater marshes to estuarine habitats downstream and may act as dry-season refuges for freshwater fishes. We examined seasonal dynamics in the fish community of ecotonal creeks in the southwestern region of Everglades National Park, specifically Rookery Branch and the North and Watson rivers. Twelve low-order creeks were sampled via electrofishing, gill nets, and minnow traps during the wet season, transition period, and dry season in 2004-2005. Catches were greater in Rookery Branch than in the North and Watson rivers, particularly during the transition period. Community composition varied seasonally in Rookery Branch, and to a greater extent for the larger species, reflecting a pulse of freshwater taxa into creeks as marshes upstream dried periodically. The pulse was short-lived, a later sample showed substantial decreases in freshwater fish numbers. No evidence of a similar influx was seen in the North and Watson rivers, which drain shorter hydroperiod marshes and exhibit higher salinities. These results suggest that head-water creeks can serve as important dry-season refugia. Increased freshwater flow resulting from Everglades restoration may enhance this connectivity. ?? 2007 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.","largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Rehage, J.S., and Loftus, W., 2007, Seasonal fish community variation in headwater mangrove creeks in the southwestern everglades: An examination of their role as dry-down refuges, in Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 80, no. 3, p. 625-645.","startPage":"625","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88a1e4b08c986b316a8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rehage, Jennifer S.","contributorId":25364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehage","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}