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,{"id":70099271,"text":"70099271 - 2014 - Application of threshold concepts to ecological management problems: Occupancy of Golden Eagles in Denali National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T14:18:25.471365","indexId":"70099271","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-20T15:19:04","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Application of threshold concepts to ecological management problems: Occupancy of Golden Eagles in Denali National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"In this chapter, we demonstrate the application of the various classes of thresholds, detailed in earlier chapters and elsewhere, via an actual but simplified natural resource management case study. We intend our example to provide the reader with the ability to recognize and apply the theoretical concepts of utility, ecological and decision thresholds to management problems through a formalized decision-analytic process. Our case study concerns the management of human recreational activities in Alaska’s Denali National Park, USA, and the possible impacts of such activities on nesting Golden Eagles, Aquila chrysaetos. Managers desire to allow visitors the greatest amount of access to park lands, provided that eagle nesting-site occupancy is maintained at a level determined to be acceptable by the managers themselves. As these two management objectives are potentially at odds, we treat minimum desired occupancy level as a utility threshold which, then, serves to guide the selection of annual management alternatives in the decision process. As human disturbance is not the only factor influencing eagle occupancy, we model nesting-site dynamics as a function of both disturbance and prey availability. We incorporate uncertainty in these dynamics by considering several hypotheses, including a hypothesis that site occupancy is affected only at a threshold level of prey abundance (i.e., an ecological threshold effect). By considering competing management objectives and accounting for two forms of thresholds in the decision process, we are able to determine the optimal number of annual nesting-site restrictions that will produce the greatest long-term benefits for both eagles and humans. Setting a utility threshold of 75 occupied sites, out of a total of 90 potential nesting sites, the optimization specified a decision threshold at approximately 80 occupied sites. At the point that current occupancy falls below 80 sites, the recommended decision is to begin restricting access to humans; above this level, it is recommended that all eagle territories be opened to human recreation. We evaluated the sensitivity of the decision threshold to uncertainty in system dynamics and to management objectives (i.e., to the utility threshold).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Application of threshold concepts in natural resource decision making","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4899-8041-0_5","usgsCitation":"Eaton, M., Martin, J., Nichols, J., McIntyre, C., McCluskie, M.C., Schmutz, J.A., Lubow, B.L., and Runge, M.C., 2014, Application of threshold concepts to ecological management problems: Occupancy of Golden Eagles in Denali National Park, Alaska, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Application of threshold concepts in natural resource decision making, p. 67-86, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8041-0_5.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"86","ipdsId":"IP-035575","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -151.01,63.17 ], [ -151.01,63.49 ], [ -149.99,63.49 ], [ -149.99,63.17 ], [ -151.01,63.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351701ee4b05569d805a154","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R.","contributorId":113070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509828,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J.","contributorId":71308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McIntyre, Carol","contributorId":12363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCluskie, Maggie C.","contributorId":57730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCluskie","given":"Maggie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lubow, Bruce L.","contributorId":54474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubow","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70094149,"text":"70094149 - 2014 - Isotopic nitrogen in fecal fiber as an indicator of winter diet in caribou and muskoxen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-18T08:59:11","indexId":"70094149","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-18T08:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic nitrogen in fecal fiber as an indicator of winter diet in caribou and muskoxen","docAbstract":"RATIONALE: The ratios of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ<sup>15</sup>N values) in excreta have been used to examine aspects of trophic \nand nutritional ecology across taxa. Nitrogen fractions in feces of herbivores include endogenous (e.g., sloughed \nintestinal cells, unresorbed digestive secretions, and microbial debris) and dietary sources. For animals such as large \nherbivores, that have diets and feces with high concentrations of indigestible fiber, endogenous <sup>15</sup>N may constrain the \nuse of fecal δ<sup>15</sup>N values to estimate dietary δ<sup>15</sup>N values and reconstruct diets.\n<br/>\nMETHODS: We compared two techniques (detergent and detergent-free) to isolate fractions of plant fibers in the forages \nof caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) and muskoxen (<i>Ovibos moschatus</i>); estimated the discrimination factors between the δ<sup>15</sup>N \nvalues of fecal fiber residues and of the diets of captive animals; and used the more effective isotopic tracer of dietary \nδ<sup>15</sup>N values to examine the relationships between the δ<sup>15</sup>N values of fecal residues and diet composition in several \npopulations of wild caribou and muskoxen throughout North America in winter.\n<br/>\nRESULTS: The detergent-based approach contaminated the fractions of plant fibers in forages and feces with <sup>14</sup>N, whereas \nthe detergent-free method was a good proxy to estimate δ<sup>15</sup>N values of plant fibers (r<sup>2</sup>= 0.92) and provided a better estimate \nof the fecal-fiber to diet discrimination factor for both species (caribou = 3.6‰; muskoxen = 2.8‰). In wild populations, the \nδ<sup>15</sup>N values of fecal fibers reflected diet composition in muskoxen (adjusted R<sup>2</sup>= 0.43) but not caribou (adjusted R<sup>2</sup>= 0.06). \n<br/>\nCONCLUSIONS: Contamination from detergent residues prohibited the use of detergent extraction in isolating forage <sup>15</sup>N \nfrom endogenous <sup>15</sup>N in the feces of herbivores. Although δ<sup>15</sup>N values in fecal fibers can be used to track dietary δ<sup>15</sup>N values \nin wild herbivores, discrimination between fecal extracts and diet may vary with the contribution of endogenous nitrogen \n(N), and, therefore, residual endogenous <sup>15</sup>N in feces may limit dietary reconstructions from fecal δ<sup>15</sup>N values for some large \nherbivores.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/rcm.6825","usgsCitation":"Gustine, D.D., Barboza, P.S., Addison, J., Shively, R., and Oliver, L., 2014, Isotopic nitrogen in fecal fiber as an indicator of winter diet in caribou and muskoxen: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 28, no. 6, p. 625-634, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6825.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-051374","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282454,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6825"},{"id":282457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;Greenland;United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.6,45.5 ], [ -168.6,79.9 ], [ -18.8,79.9 ], [ -18.8,45.5 ], [ -168.6,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517051e4b05569d805a2f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustine, David D. dgustine@usgs.gov","contributorId":3776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","email":"dgustine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barboza, Perry S.","contributorId":36454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Addison, Jennifer","contributorId":108396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shively, Rachel","contributorId":10718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oliver, Lola","contributorId":105223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Lola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70074669,"text":"fs20143006 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:56:56","indexId":"fs20143006","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-06T14:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3006","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for New York","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of New York, elevation data are critical for coastal zone management, natural resources conservation, agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, water supply and quality, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143006","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for New York: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3006, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143006.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052807","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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,{"id":70074056,"text":"fs20143005 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:25:35","indexId":"fs20143005","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-06T14:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3005","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Maryland, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation such as the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed, flood risk management, urban and regional planning, infrastructure and construction management, water supply and quality, coastal zone management, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143005","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3005, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143005.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051742","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70134531,"text":"70134531 - 2014 - Polar bears exhibit genome-wide signatures of bioenergetic adaptation to life in the Arctic environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T15:11:56","indexId":"70134531","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3832,"text":"Genome Biology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bears exhibit genome-wide signatures of bioenergetic adaptation to life in the Arctic environment","docAbstract":"<p>Polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) face extremely cold temperatures and periods of fasting, which might result in more severe energetic challenges than those experienced by their sister species, the brown bear (<i>U. arctos</i>). We have examined the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of polar and brown bears to investigate if polar bears demonstrate lineage-specific signals of molecular adaptation in genes associated with cellular respiration/energy production. We observed increased evolutionary rates in the mitochondrial cytochrome&nbsp;<i>c</i>&nbsp;oxidase I gene in polar but not brown bears. An amino acid substitution occurred near the interaction site with a nuclear-encoded subunit of the cytochrome&nbsp;<i>c</i>&nbsp;oxidase complex, and was predicted to lead to a functional change, although the significance of this remains unclear. The nuclear genomes of brown and polar bears demonstrate different adaptations related to cellular respiration. Analyses of the genomes of brown bears exhibited substitutions that may alter the function of proteins that regulate glucose uptake, which could be beneficial when feeding on carbohydrate-dominated diets during hyperphagia, followed by fasting during hibernation. In polar bears, genes demonstrating signatures of functional divergence and those potentially under positive selection were enriched in functions related to production of nitric oxide, which can regulate energy production in several different ways. This suggests that polar bears may be able to fine-tune intracellular levels of nitric oxide as an adaptive response to control trade-offs between energy production in the form of ATP versus generation of heat (thermogenesis).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution","doi":"10.1093/gbe/evu025","usgsCitation":"Welch, A., Bedoya-Reina, O.C., Carretero-Paulet, L., Miller, W., Rode, K.D., and Lindqvist, C., 2014, Polar bears exhibit genome-wide signatures of bioenergetic adaptation to life in the Arctic environment: Genome Biology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 2, p. 433-450, https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu025.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"450","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049097","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193c6e4b0aa6d778520f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Andreanna J.","contributorId":79313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welch","given":"Andreanna J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C.","contributorId":33201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bedoya-Reina","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carretero-Paulet, Lorenzo","contributorId":127705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carretero-Paulet","given":"Lorenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Webb","contributorId":29671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Webb","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lindqvist, Charlotte","contributorId":35989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindqvist","given":"Charlotte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70048917,"text":"ds69CC - 2014 - National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-23T17:45:51.242","indexId":"ds69CC","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-03T10:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"CC","title":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey have completed the first assessment of the undiscovered, technically recoverable gas hydrate resources beneath the North Slope of Alaska. This assessment indicates the existence of technically recoverable gas hydrate resources—that is, resources that can be discovered, developed, and produced using current technology.\n\nThe approach used in this assessment followed standard geology-based USGS methodologies developed to assess conventional oil and gas resources. In order to use the USGS conventional assessment approach on gas hydrate resources, three-dimensional industry-acquired seismic data were analyzed. The analyses indicated that the gas hydrates on the North Slope occupy limited, discrete volumes of rock bounded by faults and downdip water contacts. This assessment approach also assumes that the resource can be produced by existing conventional technology, on the basis of limited field testing and numerical production models of gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs.\n\nThe area assessed in northern Alaska extends from the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska on the west through the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on the east and from the Brooks Range northward to the State-Federal offshore boundary (located 3 miles north of the coastline). This area consists mostly of Federal, State, and Native lands covering 55,894 square miles. Using the standard geology-based assessment methodology, the USGS estimated that the total undiscovered technically recoverable natural-gas resources in gas hydrates in northern Alaska range between 25.2 and 157.8 trillion cubic feet, representing 95 percent and 5 percent probabilities of greater than these amounts, respectively, with a mean estimate of 85.4 trillion cubic feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69CC","collaboration":"Available on CD-ROM contact Energy Team CD Distribution","usgsCitation":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett, T.S., Agena, W.F., Lee, M.W., Lewis, K.A., Zyrianova, M.V., Bird, K.J., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Houseknecht, D.W., Klett, T., and Pollastro, R.M., 2014, National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Report: vii, 101 p.; ReadMe; Executive Summary; CD-ROM .zip, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69CC.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 101 p.; ReadMe; Executive Summary; CD-ROM .zip","numberOfPages":"111","ipdsId":"IP-039154","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431363,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IOB90O","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Limits of the Gas Hydrate stability zone contour lines"},{"id":431362,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P962NZTI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Total Petroleum Systems"},{"id":431361,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IQPTP7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assessment Units"},{"id":281872,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM/REPORTS/DDS-69-CC.pdf"},{"id":281867,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/"},{"id":281874,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM/REPORTS/DDS-69_CC_EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY.pdf","text":"Executive Summary","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281875,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":281873,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM/READ_ME/READ_ME.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69cc.jpg"}],"projection":"Albers Conical Equal area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.0,68.0 ], [ -168.0,72.0 ], [ -140.0,72.0 ], [ -140.0,68.0 ], [ -168.0,68.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517057e4b05569d805a33d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett, Timothy S.","contributorId":25465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Myung Woong","contributorId":15114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"","middleInitial":"Woong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science 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charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pollastro, Richard M.","contributorId":25100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70134286,"text":"70134286 - 2014 - Reconstruction of historic sea ice conditions in a sub-Arctic lagoon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T15:06:17.380411","indexId":"70134286","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstruction of historic sea ice conditions in a sub-Arctic lagoon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Historical sea ice conditions were reconstructed for Izembek Lagoon, Bering Sea, Alaska. This lagoon is a crucial staging area during migration for numerous species of avian migrants and a major eelgrass (</span><i>Zostera marina</i><span>) area important to a variety of marine and terrestrial organisms, especially Pacific Flyway black brant geese (</span><i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i><span>). Ice cover is a common feature of the lagoon in winter, but appears to be declining, which has implications for eelgrass distribution and abundance, and its use by wildlife. We evaluated ice conditions from a model based on degree days, calibrated to satellite observations, to estimate distribution and long-term trends in ice conditions in Izembek Lagoon. Model results compared favorably with ground observations and 26</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years of satellite data, allowing ice conditions to be reconstructed back to 1943. Specifically, periods of significant (limited access to eelgrass areas) and severe (almost complete ice coverage of the lagoon) ice conditions could be identified. The number of days of severe ice within a single season ranged from 0 (e.g., 2001) to ≥</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>67 (e.g., 2000). We detected a slight long-term negative trend in ice conditions, superimposed on high inter-annual variability in seasonal aggregate ice conditions. Based on reconstructed ice conditions, the seasonally cumulative number of significant or severe ice days correlated linearly with mean air temperature from January until March. Further, air temperature at Izembek Lagoon was correlated with wind direction, suggesting that ice conditions in Izembek Lagoon were associated with synoptic-scale weather patterns. Methods employed in this analysis may be transferable to other coastal locations in the Arctic.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.10.011","usgsCitation":"Petrich, C., Tivy, A.C., and Ward, D.H., 2014, Reconstruction of historic sea ice conditions in a sub-Arctic lagoon: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 98, p. 55-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.10.011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051278","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2640237","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Izembek Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.95196533203125,\n              55.149057997600714\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.8009033203125,\n              55.20395325785898\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.6361083984375,\n              55.34788906283772\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.542724609375,\n              55.346327347039605\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.48229980468747,\n              55.455498798971156\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.49053955078125,\n              55.471070112315985\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.6031494140625,\n              55.45082620586557\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.74322509765625,\n              55.4040698270061\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.91900634765622,\n              55.33695575893227\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.09204101562497,\n              55.189844554768065\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.08929443359375,\n              55.16161215198786\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.95196533203125,\n              55.149057997600714\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ee2cfe4b09357f05f8a6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrich, Chris","contributorId":127646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrich","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tivy, Adrienne C.","contributorId":127647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tivy","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70143527,"text":"70143527 - 2014 - Synthesis of nearshore recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: sea otter liver pathology and survival in Western Prince William Sound, 2001 – 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:36:14","indexId":"70143527","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Synthesis of nearshore recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: sea otter liver pathology and survival in Western Prince William Sound, 2001 – 2008","docAbstract":"<p>We examined livers and liver biopsies collected from captured sea otters in WPWS, 2001&ndash;2008, to determine whether indicators of liver health correlated with history of oil contamination from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Sea otters captured in oiled areas had a significantly higher proportion of livers with gross pathological change, based on visual inspection at the time of capture, than those from unoiled areas. Of the 10 histopathology variables scored on liver biopsies, only two (vacuolar change and pigment) differed between animals from oiled and unoiled areas, and neither correlated with gross pathology scores. Vacuolar change indicates physiological disturbance, which is consistent with potential effects from oil exposure but also could be influenced by a number of other factors. We concluded that, as of 2008, some differences in liver health were evident between sea otters from oiled and unoiled areas; these differences were consistent with, but not specific to, effects that might be expected with sublethal exposure to lingering Exxon Valdez oil. We also quantified variation in survival of radiomarked sea otters within oiled areas of WPWS in relation to age, sex, body condition, selected blood serum chemistry variables, and histological scores indicative of liver health. Of the variables considered, only the serum enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the ratio of serum proteins albumin and globulin (A/G) were correlated with survival, with higher levels of AST and lower levels of A/G associated with increased likelihood of mortality. High AST and low A/G both may be indicative of liver disease. Taken together, results reported here suggest that liver health of sea otters in oiled areas was slightly poorer than those from unoiled areas and, ifurther, that this may have translated to poorer survival through 2008, nearly 2 decades after the spill. More recently collected information indicated that mortality patterns and abundance had returned to pre-spill conditions between 2010 and 2013, suggesting that the effects that we detected through 2008 may have represented the end of effects related to exposure to lingering oil.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., Monson, D., Kloecker, K.A., Esslinger, G.G., Mohr, F., Lipscomb, T., Murray, M., and Howlin, S., 2014, Synthesis of nearshore recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: sea otter liver pathology and survival in Western Prince William Sound, 2001 – 2008, iii, 35 p.","productDescription":"iii, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054893","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298758,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://evostc.state.ak.us/Store/FinalReports/2007-070808-Final.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Western Prince William Sound ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.73315429687497,\n              61.23324473797831\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9091796875,\n              60.973107109199404\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.6015625,\n              60.223447204398866\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.38134765625,\n              59.933000423746336\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.69995117187497,\n              60.559979041457176\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.60107421875,\n              60.91441435497479\n            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dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mohr, F.C.","contributorId":174539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohr","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipscomb, T.P.","contributorId":174540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipscomb","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murray, M.J.","contributorId":30421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Howlin, S.","contributorId":94624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howlin","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70192062,"text":"70192062 - 2014 - Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T20:59:17","indexId":"70192062","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Triassic-Jurassic Otuk Formation is a potentially important source rock in allochthonous structural positions in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range in the North Slope of Alaska. This study focuses on three localities of the Upper Triassic (Norian) limestone member, which form a present-day, 110-km-long, east-west transect in the central Brooks Range. All three sections are within the structurally lowest Endicott Mountain allochthon and are interpreted to have been deposited along a marine outer shelf with a ramp geometry.</p><p>The uppermost limestone member of the Otuk was chosen for this study in order to better understand lateral and vertical variability within carbonate source rocks, to aid prediction of organic richness, and ultimately, to evaluate the potential for these units to act as continuous (or unconventional) reservoirs. At each locality, 1 to 4 m sections of the limestone member were measured and sampled in detail to capture fine-scale features. Hand sample and thin section descriptions reveal four major microfacies in the study area, and one diagenetically recrystallized microfacies. Microfacies 1 and 2 are interpreted to represent redeposition of material by downslope transport, whereas microfacies 3 and 4 have high total organic carbon (TOC) values and are classified as primary depositional organofacies. Microfacies 3 is interpreted to have been deposited under primarily high productivity conditions, with high concentrations of radiolarian tests. Microfacies 4 was deposited under the lowest relative-oxygen conditions, but abundant thin bivalve shells indicate that the sediment-water interface was probably not anoxic.</p><p>The Otuk Formation is interpreted to have been deposited outboard of a southwest-facing ramp margin, with the location of the three limestone outcrops likely in relatively close proximity during deposition. All three sections have evidence of transported material, implying that the Triassic Alaskan Basin was not a low-energy, deep-water setting, but rather a dynamic system with intermittent, yet significant, downslope flow. Upwelling played an important role in the small-scale vertical variability in microfacies. The zone of upwelling and resultant oxygen-minimum zone may have migrated across the ramp during fourth- or fifth-order sea-level changes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deposits, architecture, and controls of carbonate margin, slope and basinal settings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/sepmsp.105.16","usgsCitation":"Whidden, K.J., Dumoulin, J.A., Whalen, M., Hutton, E., Moore, T.E., and Gaswirth, S.B., 2014, Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska, chap. <i>of</i> Deposits, architecture, and controls of carbonate margin, slope and basinal settings, v. 105, https://doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.105.16.","ipdsId":"IP-037443","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Otuk Formation","volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c8e4b06e28e9c2540d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whalen, M.T.","contributorId":197673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whalen","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutton, E.","contributorId":197672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutton","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":127538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaswirth, Stephanie B. 0000-0001-5821-6347 sgaswirth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5821-6347","contributorId":150417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaswirth","given":"Stephanie","email":"sgaswirth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70073500,"text":"70073500 - 2014 - Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-24T11:29:38","indexId":"70073500","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-30T13:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance","docAbstract":"The mountains ringing the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) receive upwards of 4–8 m yr<sup>−1</sup> of precipitation (Simpson et al.2005; Weingartner et al. 2005; O’Neel 2012), much of which runs off into productive coastal waters. The alpine landscape is heavily glacierized, and storage and turnover of water by glaciers substantially influences the regional surface water balance (Neal et al. 2010). In turn, the land-to-ocean flux of freshwater impacts the biogeochemistry, physical oceanography, freshwater and marine ecology of the downstream components of the GOA ecosystem (e.g., Royer et al. 2001; Hood and Scott 2008). In this way, the links between terrestrial and ocean ecosystems along the GOA have widespread impacts on regional socioeconomic issues including water and hydropower resources, fish populations, and sea level change (Dorava and Milner 2000; Royer and Grosch 2006; Cherry et al. 2010; Gardner et al. 2013). Moreover, predicting future changes in physical, chemical and biological processes in near-shore ecosystems along the GOA hinges, in part, on developing a robust understanding of water storage and transfer by glaciers through streams to the ocean.\nGlacierized basins (i.e. presently ice covered as opposed to glaciated, or historically ice covered) are very efficient producers of runoff, yielding 2–10 times greater runoff than similarly sized, non-glacierized basins (Mayo 1984). The unique energy balance that characterizes these basins (Jansson et al. 2003; Hock 2005) results in substantial alterations to streamflow, even when fractional ice coverage is very small (Stahl and Moore 2006). Consistent and precise treatment of glacier runoff is key to accurate assessment of hydrologic, ecological and socioeconomic impacts, but previously used definitions for glacier runoff are variable. They include: 1) meltwater produced as negative annual mass balance (e.g., Fountain and Tangborn 1985); 2) storage changes in the monthly water budget, where solid precipitation is balanced by melt and evaporation (Huss 2011, concept #2); 3) meltwater derived from melting ice only (irrespective of melting snow or mass balance) (Nolin et al. 2010; Huss 2011, concept #1); 4) all meltwater derived from the glacier surface (Cogley et al. 2011, meltwater runoff); 5) total runoff from the glacier surface (meltwater runoff plus rain on the glacier) (Neal et al. 2010).\nTotal glacier runoff (Definitions 4 and 5 above) includes a contribution from annual mass balance, i.e. the sum of accumulation and ablation through a mass balance year (Definition 1), or what has historically been referred to as the “net” balance (Cogley et al. 2011). Indeed, annual balance has been shown to be an important driver of streamflow trends in glacierized basins, with periods of persistent negative annual balance resulting in statistically significant increases in streamflow (e.g., Pellicciotti et al. 2010). However, in maritime climates, anomalies in glacier runoff can be disconnected from annual balance because of the high variability in winter precipitation. For example, positive anomalies in winter accumulation can result in elevated levels of glacier runoff in times of positive annual mass balance (Thayyen and Gergan 2010).\nQuantifying the impacts of changing glacier geometries (annual balance) on glacier runoff is essential for predicting future changes in streamflow in glacierized basins. However, determining the role that this component plays in total glacier runoff (Definition 5) requires consistent measurements of seasonal (or shorter period) mass balances, measurements of precipitation at multiple locations within a basin, and streamflow measurements in close proximity to a glacier’s terminus. Practical and logistical challenges associated with assembling such data sets typically preclude such partitioning. As a result, most analyses of the relationship between annual mass balance and streamflow rely on some component of model output to compute glacier runoff (e.g. Huss et al. 2008; Kaser et al. 2010). Ultimately, developing an understanding of how total glacier runoff will change in the future is critical for predicting downstream ecological impacts associated with changes in riverine fluxes of water, sediment, and solutes (e.g., metals and nutrients) to near-shore coastal ecosystems.\nThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate relationships among seasonal and annual glacier mass balances, glacier runoff and streamflow in two glacierized basins in different climate settings. We use long-term glacier mass balance and streamflow datasets from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Benchmark Glacier Program to compare and contrast glacier-streamflow interactions in a maritime climate (Wolverine Glacier) with those in a continental climate (Gulkana Glacier). Our overall goal is to improve our understanding of how glacier mass balance processes impact streamflow, ultimately improving our conceptual understanding of the future evolution of glacier runoff in continental and maritime climates.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., Hood, E., Arendt, A., and Sass, L., 2014, Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance: Climatic Change, v. 123, no. 2, p. 329-341, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"341","ipdsId":"IP-049370","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281842,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517024e4b05569d805a161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arendt, Anthony","contributorId":74661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arendt","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sass, Louis C. 0000-0003-4677-029X lsass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-029X","contributorId":3555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Louis C.","email":"lsass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70073926,"text":"70073926 - 2014 - Changes in population evacuation potential for tsunami hazards in Seward, Alaska, since the 1964 Good Friday earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T10:56:05","indexId":"70073926","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-27T10:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in population evacuation potential for tsunami hazards in Seward, Alaska, since the 1964 Good Friday earthquake","docAbstract":"Pedestrian evacuation modeling for tsunami hazards typically focuses on current land-cover conditions and population distributions. To examine how post-disaster redevelopment may influence the evacuation potential of at-risk populations to future threats, we modeled pedestrian travel times to safety in Seward, Alaska, based on conditions before the 1964 Good Friday earthquake and tsunami disaster and on modern conditions. Anisotropic, path distance modeling is conducted to estimate travel times to safety during the 1964 event and in modern Seward, and results are merged with various population data, including the location and number of residents, employees, public venues, and dependent care facilities. Results suggest that modeled travel time estimates conform well to the fatality patterns of the 1964 event and that evacuation travel times have increased in modern Seward due to the relocation and expansion of port and harbor facilities after the disaster. The majority of individuals threatened by tsunamis today in Seward are employee, customer, and tourist populations, rather than residents in their homes. Modern evacuation travel times to safety for the majority of the region are less than wave arrival times for future tectonic tsunamis but greater than arrival times for landslide-related tsunamis. Evacuation travel times will likely be higher in the winter time, when the presence of snow may constrain evacuations to roads.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-013-0859-8","usgsCitation":"Wood, N.J., Schmidtlein, M.C., and Peters, J., 2014, Changes in population evacuation potential for tsunami hazards in Seward, Alaska, since the 1964 Good Friday earthquake: Natural Hazards, v. 70, no. 2, p. 1031-1053, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0859-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1053","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-046272","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281557,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281485,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0859-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Seward","otherGeospatial":"Resurrection Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.476625,60.085063 ], [ -149.476625,60.154232 ], [ -149.273115,60.154232 ], [ -149.273115,60.085063 ], [ -149.476625,60.085063 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52e77fe2e4b0b93270c2f258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidtlein, Mathew C.","contributorId":90999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidtlein","given":"Mathew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, Jeff 0000-0003-4312-0590 jpeters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-0590","contributorId":4711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Jeff","email":"jpeters@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048689,"text":"70048689 - 2014 - Validation of adipose lipid content as a body condition index for polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:09:34","indexId":"70048689","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T13:11:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of adipose lipid content as a body condition index for polar bears","docAbstract":"Body condition is a key indicator of individual and population health. Yet, there is little consensus as to the most appropriate condition index (CI), and most of the currently used CIs have not been thoroughly validated and are logistically challenging. Adipose samples from large datasets of capture biopsied, remote biopsied, and harvested polar bears were used to validate adipose lipid content as a CI via tests of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, biopsy depth, and storage conditions and comparisons to established CIs, to measures of health and to demographic and ecological parameters. The lipid content analyses of even very small biopsy samples were highly accurate and precise, but results were influenced by tissue depth at which the sample was taken. Lipid content of capture biopsies and samples from harvested adult females was correlated with established CIs and/or conformed to expected biological variation and ecological changes. However, lipid content of remote biopsies was lower than capture biopsies and harvested samples, possibly due to lipid loss during dart retrieval. Lipid content CI is a biologically relevant, relatively inexpensive and rapidly assessed CI and can be determined routinely for individuals and populations in order to infer large-scale spatial and long-term temporal trends. As it is possible to collect samples during routine harvesting or remotely using biopsy darts, monitoring and assessment of body condition can be accomplished without capture and handling procedures or noninvasively, which are methods that are preferred by local communities. However, further work is needed to apply the method to remote biopsies.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.956","usgsCitation":"McKinney, M.A., Atwood, T.C., Dietz, R., Sonne, C., Iverson, S.J., and Peacock, E.L., 2014, Validation of adipose lipid content as a body condition index for polar bears: Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 4, p. 516-527, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.956.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"516","endPage":"527","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049018","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.956","text":"External Repository"},{"id":281500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281499,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.956"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52e38cdbe4b02f784791d16c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, Melissa A.","contributorId":11496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinney","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietz, Rune","contributorId":41741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"Rune","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sonne, Christian","contributorId":28527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonne","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iverson, Sara J.","contributorId":38471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70073849,"text":"70073849 - 2014 - Tsunami impact to Washington and northern Oregon from segment ruptures on the southern Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T09:31:35","indexId":"70073849","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T09:24:43","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami impact to Washington and northern Oregon from segment ruptures on the southern Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"This paper explores the size and arrival of tsunamis in Oregon and Washington from the most likely partial ruptures of the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) in order to determine (1) how quickly tsunami height declines away from sources, (2) evacuation time before significant inundation, and (3) extent of felt shaking that would trigger evacuation. According to interpretations of offshore turbidite deposits, the most frequent partial ruptures are of the southern CSZ. Combined recurrence of ruptures extending ~490 km from Cape Mendocino, California, to Waldport, Oregon (segment C) and ~320 km from Cape Mendocino to Cape Blanco, Oregon (segment D), is ~530 years. This recurrence is similar to frequency of full-margin ruptures on the CSZ inferred from paleoseismic data and to frequency of the largest distant tsunami sources threatening Washington and Oregon, ~M<sub>w</sub> 9.2 earthquakes from the Gulf of Alaska. Simulated segment C and D ruptures produce relatively low-amplitude tsunamis north of source areas, even for extreme (20 m) peak slip on segment C. More than ~70 km north of segments C and D, the first tsunami arrival at the 10-m water depth has an amplitude of <1.9 m. The largest waves are trapped edge waves with amplitude ≤4.2 m that arrive ≥2 h after the earthquake. MM V–VI shaking could trigger evacuation of educated populaces as far north as Newport, Oregon for segment D events and Grays Harbor, Washington for segment C events. The NOAA and local warning systems will be the only warning at greater distances from sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-014-1041-7","usgsCitation":"Priest, G., Zhang, Y., Witter, R., Wang, K., Goldfinger, C., and Stimely, L., 2014, Tsunami impact to Washington and northern Oregon from segment ruptures on the southern Cascadia subduction zone: Natural Hazards, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1041-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053815","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281465,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1041-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia Subduction Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ce4b05569d805a424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Priest, George R.","contributorId":50950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"George R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Yinglong","contributorId":8762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yinglong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Kelin","contributorId":15266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Kelin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldfinger, Chris","contributorId":59460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfinger","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stimely, Laura","contributorId":71092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stimely","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70217581,"text":"70217581 - 2014 - Late Devonian–Mississippian(?) Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) deposits and related aluminous alteration zones in the Nome Complex, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T13:40:11.697389","indexId":"70217581","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T07:34:24","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Devonian–Mississippian(?) Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) deposits and related aluminous alteration zones in the Nome Complex, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Stratabound base-metal sulfide deposits and occurrences are present in metasedimentary rocks of the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Nome Complex on south-central Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Stratabound and locally stratiform deposits including Aurora Creek (Zn-Au-Ba-F), Wheeler North (Pb-Zn-Ag-Au-F), and Nelson (Zn-Pb- Cu-Ag), consist of lenses typically 0.5–2.0 m thick containing disseminated to semimassive sulfides. Host strata of the Aurora Creek and Wheeler North deposits are variably calcareous and graphitic siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks of Middle Devonian or younger age based on detrital zircon geochronology; the Nelson deposit is within Ordovician–Devonian marble (Till et al., this volume, Chapter 4). Deformed veins such as Quarry (Zn-Pb-Ag-Ba-F) and Galena (Pb-Zn-Ag-F) occur in a unit composed mainly of marble and schist; fossil and detrital zircon data indicate that this unit contains rocks of Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian age. None of these Zn- and Pbrich deposits or occurrences has spatially associated metavolcanic or intrusive rocks. All were deformed and metamorphosed to blueschist facies and then retrograded to greenschist facies during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Brookian orogeny. Disseminated Cu-rich deposits including Copper King (Cu-Bi-Sb-Pb-Ag-Au) and Wheeler South (Cu-Ag-Au) occur in silicified carbonate rocks and have textures that indicate a pre- to syn-metamorphic origin.</p><p>The Zn- and Pb-rich sulfide deposits and occurrences consist mainly of pyrite, sphalerite, and/or galena in a gangue of quartz and carbonate. Minor minerals include arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, pyrrhotite, tetrahedrite, barite, fluorite, and chlorite; gold and electrum are trace to minor constituents locally. Sphalerite is uniformly unzoned and commonly aligned in the dominant foliation. These textures, together with the presence of folded layers of barite at Aurora Creek and folded sulfi de layers at Wheeler North, indicate that mineralization in the stratabound deposits predated deformation and metamorphism. Electron microprobe (EMP) analyses of the carbonate gangue show three major compositions comprising siderite, ankerite, and lesser dolomite. The Cu-rich deposits differ in containing chalcopyrite and bornite in a quartzose matrix.</p><p>Altered wall rocks surrounding the Zn- and Pb-rich deposits and occurrences have aluminous assemblages composed of muscovite + chloritoid + siderite + chlorite + quartz ± tourmaline ± ilmenite ± apatite ± monazite. Muscovite within these assemblages and in sulfide-rich samples is phengitic and locally enriched in barium; chloritoid at Aurora Creek is enriched in zinc. Minor minerals including pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, barite, and hyalophane occur as fine-grained disseminations. These altered rocks vary from small lenses a few meters thick to large zones tens of meters in thickness that extend along strike, discontinuously, for 4 km or more. Whole-rock geochemical analyses of the altered rocks from deposit-proximal and deposit-distal settings reveal generally lower SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios and higher Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>T</sup>/MgO ratios compared to those of unaltered clastic metasedimentary rocks of the Nome Complex and of average shale or graywacke. The deposit-proximal samples are also characterized by anomalously high Zn, Pb, Hg, and Sb, relative to the unaltered metasediments. These data, together with mass change calculations, suggest that the aluminous rocks formed as replacements of permeable graywacke in semi-conformable alteration zones, beneath the seafloor contemporaneously with Zn-and/or Pb-rich sulfide mineralization.</p><p>Exposures of all three stratabound Zn-Pb deposits show evidence of deformation and recrystallization that occurred in a largely brittle deformational regime. This evidence includes small faults and veins that cut foliation and localized zones of breccia. Sulfide minerals, fluorite, quartz, chlorite, and carbonate minerals crystallized within these structures, which probably formed during Cretaceous deformation of the Nome Complex.</p><p>Previous studies of the Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) deposits and occurrences have invoked models of epigenetic veins, volcanogenic massive sulfides (VMS), or carbonate- replacement deposits (CRD). In contrast, our field and laboratory data (including sulfur isotopes; Shanks et al., this volume) suggest that these Zn- and/or Pb-rich deposits represent different levels of sediment-hosted, seafloor-hydrothermal systems, with stratabound and locally stratiform deposits such as Aurora Creek and Wheeler North having formed on the seafloor and/or in the shallow subsurface like many sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) deposits worldwide. The deformed veins such as Quarry and Galena are interpreted to have formed deep in the subsurface, possibly as feeders to overlying SEDEX deposits such as Aurora Creek. Formation of all of the Zn- and Pb-rich deposits and occurrences took place during episodic rifting of the continental margin between the Ordovician and Mississippian(?). Regional relationships are consistent with at least some of the deposits having formed in Late Devonian–Mississippian(?) time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2506(06)","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Till, A., Belkin, H.E., and Shanks, W., 2014, Late Devonian–Mississippian(?) Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) deposits and related aluminous alteration zones in the Nome Complex, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: GSA Special Papers, v. 506, p. 173-212, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2506(06).","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"212","ipdsId":"IP-036872","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nome Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.1787109375,\n              64.35893097894457\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.576171875,\n              64.35893097894457\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.576171875,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.1787109375,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.1787109375,\n              64.35893097894457\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"506","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Till, Alison 0000-0002-6640-6877","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-6877","contributorId":247882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":190267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C.","contributorId":248280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne C.","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70157143,"text":"70157143 - 2014 - Evaluating CO2 and CH4 dynamics of Alaskan ecosystems during the Holocene Thermal Maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T11:57:24.879652","indexId":"70157143","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evaluating CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics of Alaskan ecosystems during the Holocene Thermal Maximum","title":"Evaluating CO2 and CH4 dynamics of Alaskan ecosystems during the Holocene Thermal Maximum","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Arctic has experienced much greater warming than the global average in recent decades due to polar amplification. Warming has induced ecological changes that have impacted climate carbon-cycle feedbacks, making it important to understand the climate and vegetation controls on carbon (C) dynamics. Here we used the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM, 11&ndash;9&nbsp;ka&nbsp;BP, 1&nbsp;ka&nbsp;BP&nbsp;=&nbsp;1000&nbsp;cal&nbsp;yr before present) in Alaska as a case study to examine how ecosystem Cdynamics responded to the past warming climate using an integrated approach of combining paleoecological reconstructions and ecosystem modeling. Our paleoecological synthesis showed expansion of deciduous broadleaf forest (dominated by&nbsp;</span><i>Populus</i><span>) into tundra and the establishment of boreal evergreen needleleaf and mixed forest during the second half of the HTM under a warmer- and wetter-than-before climate, coincident with the occurrence of the highest net primary productivity, cumulative net ecosystem productivity, soil C accumulation and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions. These series of ecological and biogeochemical shifts mirrored the solar insolation and subsequent temperature and precipitation patterns during HTM, indicating the importance of climate controls on C dynamics. Our simulated regional estimate of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;emission rates from Alaska during the HTM ranged from 3.5 to 6.4&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;and highest annual NPP of 470&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;C&nbsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>, significantly higher than previously reported modern estimates. Our results show that the differences in static vegetation distribution maps used in simulations of different time slices have greater influence on modeled C dynamics than climatic fields within each time slice, highlighting the importance of incorporating vegetation community dynamics and their responses to climatic conditions in long-term biogeochemical modeling.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.019","usgsCitation":"He, Y., Jones, M.C., Zhuang, Q., Bochicchio, C., Felzer, B.S., Mason, E., and Yu, Z., 2014, Evaluating CO2 and CH4 dynamics of Alaskan ecosystems during the Holocene Thermal Maximum: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 86, p. 63-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.019.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053302","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science 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S.","contributorId":147519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Felzer","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16857,"text":"Lehigh Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mason, Erik","contributorId":147520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yu, Zicheng 0000-0003-2358-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-2712","contributorId":147521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Zicheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16857,"text":"Lehigh Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70074654,"text":"70074654 - 2014 - Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: the relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:00:36","indexId":"70074654","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-20T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: the relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure","docAbstract":"Iceberg calving is a dominant mass loss mechanism for Antarctic ice shelves, second only to basal melting. An important known process involved in calving is the initiation and propagation of through-penetrating fractures called rifts; however, the mechanisms controlling rift propagation remain poorly understood. To investigate the mechanics of ice-shelf rifting, we analyzed seismicity associated with a propagating rift tip on the Amery Ice Shelf, using data collected during the Austral summers of 2004-2007. We investigated seismicity associated with fracture propagation using a suite of passive seismological techniques including icequake locations, back projection, and moment tensor inversion. We confirm previous results that show that seismicity is characterized by periods of relative quiescence punctuated by swarms of intense seismicity of one to three hours. However, even during periods of quiescence, we find significant seismic deformation around the rift tip. Moment tensors, calculated for a subset of the largest icequakes (M<sub>W</sub> > -2.0) located near the rift tip, show steeply dipping fault planes, horizontal or shallowly plunging stress orientations, and often have a significant volumetric component. They also reveal that much of the observed seismicity is limited to the upper 50 m of the ice shelf. This suggests a complex system of deformation that involves the propagating rift, the region behind the rift tip, and a system of rift-transverse crevasses. Small-scale variations in the mechanical structure of the ice shelf, especially rift-transverse crevasses and accreted marine ice, play an important role in modulating the rate and location of seismicity associated with propagating ice shelf rifts.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013JF002849","usgsCitation":"Heeszel, D.S., Fricker, H., Bassis, J.N., O’Neel, S., and Walter, F., 2014, Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: the relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 4, p. 731-744, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002849.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"744","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-045706","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002849","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281800,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002849"}],"otherGeospatial":"Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.4,-72.04 ], [ 66.4,-68.02 ], [ 76.46,-68.02 ], [ 76.46,-72.04 ], [ 66.4,-72.04 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705fe4b05569d805a398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heeszel, David S.","contributorId":14729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heeszel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fricker, Helen A.","contributorId":57337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fricker","given":"Helen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassis, Jeremy N.","contributorId":49271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassis","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, Fabian","contributorId":21431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Fabian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70073510,"text":"ds812 - 2014 - DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70073510,"text":"ds812 - 2014 - DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011","indexId":"ds812","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70135103,"text":"ds892 - 2014 - DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","indexId":"ds892","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70135103,"text":"ds892 - 2014 - DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","indexId":"ds892","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge"},"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T08:50:34","indexId":"ds812","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-17T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"812","title":"DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011","docAbstract":"<p>This report provides data collected by the climate monitoring array of the U.S. Department of the Interior on Federal lands in Arctic Alaska over the period August 1998 to July 2011; this array is part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost, (DOI/GTN-P). In addition to presenting data, this report also describes monitoring, data collection, and quality-control methodology. This array of 16 monitoring stations spans lat 68.5&deg;N. to 70.5&deg;N. and long 142.5&deg;W. to 161&deg;W., an area of approximately 150,000 square kilometers. Climate summaries are presented along with quality-controlled data. Data collection is ongoing and includes the following climate- and permafrost-related variables: air temperature, wind speed and direction, ground temperature and soil moisture, snow depth, rainfall, up- and downwelling shortwave radiation, and atmospheric pressure. These data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in close collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds812","issn":"2327-638X","usgsCitation":"Urban, F., and Clow, G.D., 2014, DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve: Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 812, Report; 17 HTML documents, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds812.","productDescription":"Report; 17 HTML documents","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049434","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds812.jpg"},{"id":281246,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/812/"},{"id":281247,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/812/introduction.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -165.0,66.0 ], [ -165.0,71.5 ], [ -140.0,71.5 ], [ -140.0,66.0 ], [ -165.0,66.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52da50e1e4b0b074f3afba99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Urban, Frank E. 0000-0002-1329-1703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1703","contributorId":80918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Frank E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073355,"text":"70073355 - 2014 - Capturing migration phenology of terrestrial wildlife using camera traps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-18T11:32:02","indexId":"70073355","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-15T10:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capturing migration phenology of terrestrial wildlife using camera traps","docAbstract":"Remote photography, using camera traps, can be an effective and noninvasive tool for capturing the migration phenology of terrestrial wildlife. We deployed 14 digital cameras along a 104-kilometer longitudinal transect to record the spring migrations of caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) and ptarmigan (<i>Lagopus</i> spp.) in the Alaskan Arctic. The cameras recorded images at 15-minute intervals, producing approximately 40,000 images, including 6685 caribou observations and 5329 ptarmigan observations. The northward caribou migration was evident because the median caribou observation (i.e., herd median) occurred later with increasing latitude; average caribou migration speed also increased with latitude (r<sup>2</sup> = .91). Except at the northernmost latitude, a northward ptarmigan migration was similarly evident (r<sup>2</sup> = .93). Future applications of this method could be used to examine the conditions proximate to animal movement, such as habitat or snow cover, that may influence migration phenology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","doi":"10.1093/biosci/bit018","usgsCitation":"Tape, K., and Gustine, D.D., 2014, Capturing migration phenology of terrestrial wildlife using camera traps: BioScience, v. 64, no. 2, p. 117-124, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bit018.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-049159","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bit018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281472,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bit018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.08,66.48 ], [ -154.08,70.93 ], [ -140.76,70.93 ], [ -140.76,66.48 ], [ -154.08,66.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5028e4b0b290850f32ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tape, Ken D.","contributorId":103570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tape","given":"Ken D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gustine, David D. dgustine@usgs.gov","contributorId":3776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","email":"dgustine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70061359,"text":"ofr20131307 - 2014 - Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from the Sheep Creek 1 well, Susitna basin, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T14:28:48.942089","indexId":"ofr20131307","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-09T11:03:32","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1307","title":"Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from the Sheep Creek 1 well, Susitna basin, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"We used Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance to examine the petroleum source potential of rock samples from the Sheep Creek 1 well in the Susitna basin of south-central Alaska. The results show that Miocene nonmarine coal, carbonaceous shale, and mudstone are potential sources of hydrocarbons and are thermally immature with respect to the oil window. In the samples that we studied, coals are more organic-rich and more oil-prone than carbonaceous shales and silty mudstones, which appear to be potential sources of natural gas. Lithologically similar rocks may be present in the deeper parts of the subsurface Susitna basin located west of the Sheep Creek 1 well, where they may have been buried deeply enough to generate oil and (or) gas. The Susitna basin is sparsely drilled and mostly unexplored, and no commercial production of hydrocarbons has been obtained. However, the existence of potential source rocks of oil and gas, as shown by our Rock-Eval results, suggests that undiscovered petroleum accumulations may be present in the Susitna basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Alaska Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Stanley, R.G., Lillis, P.G., Pawlewicz, M.J., and Haeussler, P.J., 2014, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from the Sheep Creek 1 well, Susitna basin, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1307, Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131307.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Table","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-051756","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1307/downloads/ofr2013-1307_Table1.xls"},{"id":280794,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1307/pdf/ofr2013-1307.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":280793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":417498,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99488.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":280796,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131307.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Susitna Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.61692547325674,\n              62.539075707687175\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.61692547325674,\n              61.300458966719304\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.26001791496597,\n              61.300458966719304\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.26001791496597,\n              62.539075707687175\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.61692547325674,\n              62.539075707687175\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cfc566e4b07de2a9490b64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70058705,"text":"sir20135231 - 2014 - Geochemical investigation of the hydrothermal system on Akutan Island, Alaska, July 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:51:26","indexId":"sir20135231","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-09T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5231","title":"Geochemical investigation of the hydrothermal system on Akutan Island, Alaska, July 2012","docAbstract":"We have studied the geochemistry of the hot springs on Akutan Island in detail for the first time since the early 1980s. Springs in four discrete groups (A-D) along Hot Springs Creek showed generally higher temperatures and substantially higher Na, Ca, and Cl concentrations than previously reported, and total hot-spring discharge has also increased markedly. The springs now account for a heat output of ~29 MW, about an order of magnitude more than in 1981. Gas samples from the hot springs and from a fumarolic area on the flank of Akutan Volcano show high <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios (>6.4 RA) after correction for air contamination and reveal a common magmatic heat source. Hot-spring gases are unusually rich in N<sub>2</sub>, Ar, and CH<sub>4</sub>, suggesting that the water has boiled and lost CO<sub>2</sub> during upflow beneath the flank fumarole field. Gas geothermometry calculations applied to the flank fumarole field implies temperatures of 200–240 °C for the reservoir, and Na-K-Ca geothermometry implies temperatures near 180 °C for the outflow waters that feed the hot springs. The results of our study confirm the existence of a substantial geothermal resource on the island.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135231","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Lewicki, J.L., Evans, W.C., Hunt, A.G., Revesz, K., and Huebner, M., 2014, Geochemical investigation of the hydrothermal system on Akutan Island, Alaska, July 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5231, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135231.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049254","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135231.jpg"},{"id":280790,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5231/"},{"id":280791,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5231/pdf/sir2013-5231.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Akutan Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.0067,54.099921 ], [ -166.0067,54.168981 ], [ -165.760835,54.168981 ], [ -165.760835,54.099921 ], [ -166.0067,54.099921 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cfc565e4b07de2a9490b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D. dbergfel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewicki, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-1994-9104 jlewicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-9104","contributorId":5071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewicki","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlewicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huebner, Mark mhuebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"Mark","email":"mhuebner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70049021,"text":"fs20133084 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:59:52","indexId":"fs20133084","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-07T15:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3084","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of South Dakota, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, water supply and quality, infrastructure and construction management, flood risk management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEEA; Dewberry, 2011) evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios.The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133084","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3084, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133084.","productDescription":"2 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70100634,"text":"70100634 - 2014 - Uncertainty and extreme events in future climate and hydrologic projections for the Pacific Northwest: providing a basis for vulnerability and core/corridor assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:52:40","indexId":"70100634","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T15:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Uncertainty and extreme events in future climate and hydrologic projections for the Pacific Northwest: providing a basis for vulnerability and core/corridor assessments","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this project was to (1) provide an internally-consistent set of downscaled projections across the Western U.S., (2) include information about projection uncertainty, and (3) assess projected changes of hydrologic extremes. These objectives were designed to address decision support needs for climate adaptation and resource management actions. Specifically, understanding of uncertainty in climate projections – in particular for extreme events – is currently a key scientific and management barrier to adaptation planning and vulnerability assessment.</p><p>The new dataset fills in the Northwest domain to cover a key gap in the previous dataset, adds additional projections (both from other global climate models and a comparison with dynamical downscaling) and includes an assessment of changes to flow and soil moisture extremes. This new information can be used to assess variations in impacts across the landscape, uncertainty in projections, and how these differ as a function of region, variable, and time period.</p><p>In this project, existing University of Washington Climate Impacts Group (UW CIG) products were extended to develop a comprehensive data archive that accounts (in a reigorous and physically based way) for climate model uncertainty in future climate and hydrologic scenarios. These products can be used to determine likely impacts on vegetation and aquatic habitat in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region, including WA, OR, ID, northwest MT to the continental divide, northern CA, NV, UT, and the Columbia Basin portion of western WY New data series and summaries produced for this project include: 1) extreme statistics for surface hydrology (e.g. frequency of soil moisture and summer water deficit) and streamflow (e.g. the 100-year flood, extreme 7-day low flows with a 10-year recurrence interval); 2) snowpack vulnerability as indicated by the ratio of April 1 snow water to cool-season precipitation; and, 3) uncertainty analyses for multiple climate scenarios.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Climate Impacts Group","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Littell, J.S., Mauger, G., Salathe, E.P., Hamlet, A.F., Lee, S., Stumbaugh, M.R., Elsner, M., Norheim, R., Lutz, E.R., and Mantua, N.J., 2014, Uncertainty and extreme events in future climate and hydrologic projections for the Pacific Northwest: providing a basis for vulnerability and core/corridor assessments, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054776","costCenters":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287630,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cses.washington.edu/db/pubs/abstract825.shtml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,31.27 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -104.08,49.0 ], [ -104.08,31.27 ], [ -124.79,31.27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b405e4b09e18fc023ac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S.","contributorId":54506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mauger, Guillaume S.","contributorId":11954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauger","given":"Guillaume S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salathe, Eric P.","contributorId":85887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salathe","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamlet, Alan F.","contributorId":15529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlet","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Se-Yeun","contributorId":76657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Se-Yeun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stumbaugh, Matt R.","contributorId":17916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumbaugh","given":"Matt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elsner, Marketa","contributorId":55344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsner","given":"Marketa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Norheim, Robert","contributorId":75446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norheim","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lutz, Eric R.","contributorId":57775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mantua, Nathan J.","contributorId":83429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mantua","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70199971,"text":"70199971 - 2014 - Source and progression of a submarine landslide and tsunami: The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake at Valdez","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T13:43:11.545868","indexId":"70199971","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T14:35:15","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7514,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source and progression of a submarine landslide and tsunami: The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake at Valdez","docAbstract":"<p><span>Like many subduction zone earthquakes, the deadliest aspects of the 1964&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span> = 9.2 Alaska earthquake were the tsunamis it caused. The worst of these were generated by local submarine landslides induced by the earthquake. These caused high runups, engulfing several coastal towns in Prince William Sound. In this paper, we study one of these cases in detail, the Port Valdez submarine landslide and tsunami. We combine eyewitness reports, preserved film, and careful posttsunami surveys with new geophysical data to inform numerical models for landslide tsunami generation. We review the series of events as recorded at Valdez old town and then determine the corresponding subsurface events that led to the tsunami. We build digital elevation models of part of the pretsunami and posttsunami fjord‐head delta. Comparing them reveals a ~1500 m long region that receded 150 m to the east, which we interpret as the primary delta landslide source. Multibeam imagery and high‐resolution seismic reflection data identify a ~400 m wide chute with hummocky deposits at its terminus, which may define the primary slide path. Using these elements we run hydrodynamic models of the landslide‐driven tsunamis that match observations of current direction, maximum inundation, and wave height at Valdez old town. We speculate that failure conditions at the delta front may have been influenced by manmade changes in drainage patterns as well as the fast retreat of Valdez and other glaciers during the past century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011514","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., Geist, E.L., Ryan, H.F., Lee, H., Haeussler, P.J., Lynett, P., Hart, P.E., Sliter, R.W., and Roland, E.C., 2014, Source and progression of a submarine landslide and tsunami: The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake at Valdez: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 11, p. 8502-8516, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011514.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"8502","endPage":"8516","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011514","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Valdez","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.964111328125,\n              60.85293796664351\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.0137939453125,\n              60.85293796664351\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.0137939453125,\n              61.22531306274158\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.964111328125,\n              61.22531306274158\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.964111328125,\n              60.85293796664351\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  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Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F. hryan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly","email":"hryan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":747535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lynett, Patrick","contributorId":24298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynett","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Roland, Emily C. eroland@usgs.gov","contributorId":5075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roland","given":"Emily","email":"eroland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70103571,"text":"70103571 - 2014 - Interspecific hybridization contributes to high genetic diversity and apparent effective population size in an endemic population of mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula maculosa)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T11:00:10.69262","indexId":"70103571","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T14:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Interspecific hybridization contributes to high genetic diversity and apparent effective population size in an endemic population of mottled ducks (<i>Anas fulvigula maculosa</i>)","title":"Interspecific hybridization contributes to high genetic diversity and apparent effective population size in an endemic population of mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula maculosa)","docAbstract":"Under drift-mutation equilibrium, genetic diversity is expected to be correlated with effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>). Changes in population size and gene flow are two important processes that can cause populations to deviate from this expected relationship. In this study, we used DNA sequences from six independent loci to examine the influence of these processes on standing genetic diversity in endemic mottled ducks (<i>Anas fulvigula</i>) and geographically widespread mallards (<i>A. platyrhynchos</i>), two species known to hybridize. Mottled ducks have an estimated census size that is about two orders-of-magnitude smaller than that of mallards, yet these two species have similar levels of genetic diversity, especially at nuclear DNA. Coalescent analyses suggest that a population expansion in the mallard at least partly explains this discrepancy, but the mottled duck harbors higher genetic diversity and apparent N e than expected for its census size even after accounting for a population decline. Incorporating gene flow into the model, however, reduced the estimated N<sub>e</sub> of mottled ducks to 33 % of the equilibrium N<sub>e</sub> and yielded an estimated N<sub>e</sub> consistent with census size. We also examined the utility of these loci to distinguish among mallards, mottled ducks, and their hybrids. Most putatively pure individuals were correctly assigned to species, but the power for detecting hybrids was low. Although hybridization with mallards potentially poses a conservation threat to mottled ducks by creating a risk of extinction by hybridization, introgression of mallard alleles has helped maintain high genetic diversity in mottled ducks and might be important for the adaptability and survival of this species.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-013-0557-9","usgsCitation":"Peters, J.L., Sonsthagen, S.A., Lavretsky, P., Rezsutek, M., Johnson, W.P., and McCracken, K.G., 2014, Interspecific hybridization contributes to high genetic diversity and apparent effective population size in an endemic population of mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula maculosa): Conservation Genetics, v. 15, no. 3, p. 509-520, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0557-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"520","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049098","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.52139948340941,\n              25.517045542055328\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.43725598546546,\n              28.4242449603437\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.29317742317083,\n              28.811696343622827\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.25797253724652,\n              29.174545560676492\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.77726234020263,\n              28.932536596975567\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.75212334356085,\n              24.252300027300848\n      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ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lavretsky, Philip","contributorId":60542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavretsky","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rezsutek, Michael","contributorId":90223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezsutek","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, William 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