{"pageNumber":"96","pageRowStart":"2375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":36997,"records":[{"id":70040574,"text":"ofr20121024B - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and Nebraska: Chapter B in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70040574,"text":"ofr20121024B - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and Nebraska: Chapter B in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>","indexId":"ofr20121024B","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and Nebraska: Chapter B in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T16:09:22.318651","indexId":"ofr20121024B","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"B","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and Nebraska: Chapter B in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents ten storage assessment units (SAUs) within the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and Nebraska. The Powder River Basin contains a thick succession of sedimentary rocks that accumulated steadily throughout much of the Phanerozoic, and at least three stratigraphic packages contain strata that are suitable for CO<sup>2</sup> storage. Pennsylvanian through Triassic siliciclastic strata contain two potential storage units: the Pennsylvanian and Permian Tensleep Sandstone and Minnelusa Formation, and the Triassic Crow Mountain Sandstone. Jurassic siliciclastic strata contain one potential storage unit: the lower part of the Sundance Formation. Cretaceous siliciclastic strata contain seven potential storage units: (1) the Fall River and Lakota Formations, (2) the Muddy Sandstone, (3) the Frontier Sandstone and Turner Sandy Member of the Carlile Shale, (4) the Sussex and Shannon Sandstone Members of Cody Shale, and (5) the Parkman, (6) Teapot, and (7) Teckla Sandstone Members of the Mesaverde Formation. For each SAU, we discuss the areal distribution of suitable CO<sup>2</sup> reservoir rock. We also characterize the overlying sealing unit and describe the geologic characteristics that influence the potential CO<sup>2</sup> storage volume and reservoir performance. These characteristics include reservoir depth, gross thickness, net thickness, porosity, permeability, and groundwater salinity. Case-by-case strategies for estimating the pore volume existing within structurally and (or) stratigraphically closed traps are presented. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information included herein will be employed to calculate the potential storage space in the various SAUs.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024B","collaboration":"This report is Chapter B in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>. For more information, see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20121024\" target=\"_blank\">Open-File Report 2012-1024</a>.","usgsCitation":"Craddock, W.H., Drake, R.M., Mars, J.L., Merrill, M., Warwick, P.D., Blondes, M., Gosai, M.A., Freeman, P., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C., 2012, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and Nebraska: Chapter B in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: vi, 30 p.; Data Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Data Downloads","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/b/downloads/Cell_C5033_Final_Metadata.zip"},{"id":282246,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/b/downloads/SAU_C5033_Final_Metadata.zip"},{"id":262877,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/b/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262880,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1024_b.gif"},{"id":262878,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/b/OF12-1024B.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.97314453125,\n              42.79540065303723\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.97314453125,\n              46.13417004624326\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.06201171875,\n              46.13417004624326\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.06201171875,\n              42.79540065303723\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.97314453125,\n              42.79540065303723\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dd97d5e4b0e31bb027f8ec","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509073,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corum, M.D. 0000-0002-9038-3935 mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509074,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Craddock, William H. 0000-0002-4181-4735 wcraddock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-4735","contributorId":3411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craddock","given":"William","email":"wcraddock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. II 0000-0002-1770-4667 rmdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-4667","contributorId":1353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Ronald","suffix":"II","email":"rmdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mars, John L. jmars@usgs.gov","contributorId":3428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"John","email":"jmars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":48256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gosai, Mayur A.","contributorId":48451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosai","given":"Mayur","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Freeman, P.A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":3154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"P.A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cahan, Steven M. 0000-0002-4776-3668 scahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3668","contributorId":4529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahan","given":"Steven","email":"scahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DeVera, Christina A. 0000-0002-4691-6108 cdevera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6108","contributorId":3845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVera","given":"Christina","email":"cdevera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70040564,"text":"ofr20121202 - 2012 - Flood of August 11–16, 2010, in the South Skunk River Basin, central and southeast Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-01T13:10:11","indexId":"ofr20121202","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1202","title":"Flood of August 11–16, 2010, in the South Skunk River Basin, central and southeast Iowa","docAbstract":"Severe thunderstorm activity during August 8–11, 2010 in central and southeast Iowa resulted in major flooding from August 11–16, 2010, in the South Skunk River Basin. Rain gages at Ames and Story City recorded 96-hour rainfall amounts of 9.61 and 8.70 inches, respectively. The majority of the rainfall occurred during a 52-hour period, beginning late at night on August 8. Within the South Skunk River Basin, peak discharges of 14,800 cubic feet per second (annual flood-probability estimate of 0.2 to 1 percent) at the 05470000 South Skunk River near Ames, Iowa streamgage; of 36,200 cubic feet per second (annual flood-probability estimate of less than 0.2 percent) at the 05471000 South Skunk River below Squaw Creek near Ames, Iowa streamgage (both on August 11, 2010); and of 24,000 cubic feet per second (annual flood-probability estimate of 0.2 to 1 percent) at 05471050 South Skunk River at Colfax, Iowa streamgage on August 14 are the largest floods on record for these sites. Peak discharges at 05470500 Squaw Creek at Ames, Iowa streamgage of 22,400 cubic feet per second (annual flood-probability estimate of less than 0.2 percent) on August 11; and at 05471500 South Skunk River near Oskaloosa, Iowa streamgage, of 25,200 cubic feet per second (annual flood- probability estimate of 1 to 2 percent) on August 16 are the second highest floods on record. This report provides a description of the watershed, the thunderstorms, the flooding, and a profile of high-water marks measured at 20 locations along the South Skunk River between County Road V67/280th Avenue, northeast of Ollie in Keokuk County and West Riverside Road in Ames, a distance of 128 river miles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR-140)","usgsCitation":"Barnes, K., and Eash, D.A., 2012, Flood of August 11–16, 2010, in the South Skunk River Basin, central and southeast Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1202, v; 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121202.","productDescription":"v; 27 p.","numberOfPages":"38","ipdsId":"IP-037407","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1202.gif"},{"id":262870,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1202/"},{"id":262872,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1202/of2012-1202.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"South Skunk River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.000000,40.000000 ], [ -97.000000,44.000000 ], [ -90.000000,44.000000 ], [ -90.000000,40.000000 ], [ -97.000000,40.000000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dceb7fe4b0d55926e41b6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Kimberlee K.","contributorId":41476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Kimberlee K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040509,"text":"ofr20121204 - 2012 - Landslides in Colorado, USA--Impacts and loss estimation for 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-05T11:04:12","indexId":"ofr20121204","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1204","title":"Landslides in Colorado, USA--Impacts and loss estimation for 2010","docAbstract":"The focus of this study is to investigate landslides and consequent losses which affected Colorado in the year 2010. By obtaining landslide reports from a variety of sources, this report will demonstrate the feasibility of creating a profile of landslides and their effects on communities. A short overview of the current status of landslide-loss studies for the United States is introduced, followed by a compilation of landslide occurrence and associated losses and impacts which affected Colorado for the year 2010. Direct costs are summarized in descriptive and tabular form, and where possible, indirect costs are also noted or estimated. Total direct costs of landslides in Colorado for the year 2010 were approximately $9,149,335.00 (2010 U.S. dollars). (Since not all data for damages and costs were obtained, this figure realistically could be considerably higher.) Indirect costs were noted where available but are not totaled due to the fact that most indirect costs were not obtainable for various reasons outlined later in this report. Casualty data are considered as being within the scope of loss evaluation, and are reported in Appendix 1, but are not assigned dollar losses. More details on the source material for loss data not found in the reference section are reported in Appendix 2, and Appendix 3 summarizes notes on landslide-loss investigations in general and lessons learned during the process of loss-data collection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121204","usgsCitation":"Highland, L.M., 2012, Landslides in Colorado, USA--Impacts and loss estimation for 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1204, v, 49 p.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121204.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1204.gif"},{"id":262828,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262829,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1204/OF12-1204.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508eb5efe4b0b59cf7f5a7e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Highland, Lynn M. highland@usgs.gov","contributorId":1292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highland","given":"Lynn","email":"highland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040488,"text":"ofr20121144 - 2012 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources--Middle Eocene Claiborne Group, United States part of the Gulf of Mexico Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T09:56:23","indexId":"ofr20121144","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1144","title":"Geologic assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources--Middle Eocene Claiborne Group, United States part of the Gulf of Mexico Basin","docAbstract":"The Middle Eocene Claiborne Group was assessed using established U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment methodology for undiscovered conventional hydrocarbon resources as part of the 2007 USGS assessment of Paleogene-Neogene strata of the United States part of the Gulf of Mexico Basin including onshore and State waters. The assessed area is within the Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite total petroleum system, which was defined as part of the assessment. Source rocks for Claiborne oil accumulations are interpreted to be organic-rich downdip shaley facies of the Wilcox Group and the Sparta Sand of the Claiborne Group; gas accumulations may have originated from multiple sources including the Jurassic Smackover and Haynesville Formations and Bossier Shale, the Cretaceous Eagle Ford and Pearsall(?) Formations, and the Paleogene Wilcox Group and Sparta Sand. Hydrocarbon generation in the basin started prior to deposition of Claiborne sediments and is ongoing at present. Emplacement of hydrocarbons into Claiborne reservoirs has occurred primarily via vertical migration along fault systems; long-range lateral migration also may have occurred in some locations. Primary reservoir sands in the Claiborne Group include, from oldest to youngest, the Queen City Sand, Cook Mountain Formation, Sparta Sand, Yegua Formation, and the laterally equivalent Cockfield Formation. Hydrocarbon traps dominantly are rollover anticlines associated with growth faults; salt structures and stratigraphic traps also are important. Sealing lithologies probably are shaley facies within the Claiborne and in the overlying Jackson Group. A geologic model, supported by spatial analysis of petroleum geology data including discovered reservoir depths, thicknesses, temperatures, porosities, permeabilities, and pressures, was used to divide the Claiborne Group into seven assessment units (AU) with distinctive structural and depositional settings. The AUs include (1) Lower Claiborne Stable Shelf Gas and Oil (50470120), (2) Lower Claiborne Expanded Fault Zone Gas (50470121), (3) Lower Claiborne Slope and Basin Floor Gas (50470122), (4) Lower Claiborne Cane River (50470123), (5) Upper Claiborne Stable Shelf Gas and Oil (50470124), (6) Upper Claiborne Expanded Fault Zone Gas (50470125), and (7) Upper Claiborne Slope and Basin Floor Gas (50470126). Total estimated mean undiscovered conventional hydrocarbon resources in the seven assessment units combined are 52 million barrels of oil, 19.145 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 1.205 billion barrels of natural gas liquids. A recurring theme that emerged from the evaluation of the seven Claiborne AUs is that the great bulk of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources comprise non-associated gas and condensate contained in deep (mostly >12,000 feet), overpressured, structurally complex outer shelf or slope and basin floor reservoirs. The continuing development of these downdip objectives is expected to be the primary focus of exploration activity for the onshore Middle Eocene Gulf Coast in the coming decades.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121144","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., 2012, Geologic assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources--Middle Eocene Claiborne Group, United States part of the Gulf of Mexico Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1144, vi, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121144.","productDescription":"vi, 87 p.","numberOfPages":"93","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1144.jpg"},{"id":262817,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262818,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1144/pdf/OFR2012_1144.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States;Mexico","state":"Arkansas;Alabama;Florida;Georgia;Kentucky;Louisiana;Mississippi;Missouri;Oklahoma;Tennessee;Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0,24.0 ], [ -104.0,38.0 ], [ -83.0,38.0 ], [ -83.0,24.0 ], [ -104.0,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508ba2f4e4b0d7f30c145737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040491,"text":"ofr20121192 - 2012 - Mapping plant species ranges in the Hawaiian Islands: developing a methodology and associated GIS layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-20T12:56:50","indexId":"ofr20121192","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1192","title":"Mapping plant species ranges in the Hawaiian Islands: developing a methodology and associated GIS layers","docAbstract":"This report documents a methodology for projecting the geographic ranges of plant species in the Hawaiian Islands. The methodology consists primarily of the creation of several geographic information system (GIS) data layers depicting attributes related to the geographic ranges of plant species. The most important spatial-data layer generated here is an objectively defined classification of climate as it pertains to the distribution of plant species. By examining previous zonal-vegetation classifications in light of spatially detailed climate data, broad zones of climate relevant to contemporary concepts of vegetation in the Hawaiian Islands can be explicitly defined. Other spatial-data layers presented here include the following: substrate age, as large areas of the island of Hawai'i, in particular, are covered by very young lava flows inimical to the growth of many plant species; biogeographic regions of the larger islands that are composites of multiple volcanoes, as many of their species are restricted to a given topographically isolated mountain or a specified group of them; and human impact, which can reduce the range of many species relative to where they formerly were found. Other factors influencing the geographic ranges of species that are discussed here but not developed further, owing to limitations in rendering them spatially, include topography, soils, and disturbance. A method is described for analyzing these layers in a GIS, in conjunction with a database of species distributions, to project the ranges of plant species, which include both the potential range prior to human disturbance and the projected present range. Examples of range maps for several species are given as case studies that demonstrate different spatial characteristics of range. Several potential applications of species-range maps are discussed, including facilitating field surveys, informing restoration efforts, studying range size and rarity, studying biodiversity, managing invasive species, and planning of conservation efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hawai&prime;i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai&prime;i at Hilo","usgsCitation":"Price, J.P., Jacobi, J.D., Gon, S.M., Matsuwaki, D., Mehrhoff, L., Wagner, W., Lucas, M., and Rowe, B., 2012, Mapping plant species ranges in the Hawaiian Islands: developing a methodology and associated GIS layers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1192, Report: iv, 34 p.; PDF Appendixes: table guide, species guide; Downloads Directory (zipped packages), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121192.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; PDF Appendixes: table guide, species guide; Downloads Directory (zipped packages)","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1192.gif"},{"id":262804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1192/zip/"},{"id":262801,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262802,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1192/of2012-1192_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1192/of2012-1192_appendix-table-guide.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1192/of2012-1192_appendix-table.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.310000,18.910000 ], [ -178.310000,28.400000 ], [ -154.810000,28.400000 ], [ -154.810000,18.910000 ], [ -178.310000,18.910000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508a519de4b07fc5688448a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Jonathan P.","contributorId":8736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gon, Samuel M. III","contributorId":78997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gon","given":"Samuel","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matsuwaki, Dwight","contributorId":56933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuwaki","given":"Dwight","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mehrhoff, Loyal","contributorId":80150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mehrhoff","given":"Loyal","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":468437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Warren","contributorId":15080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Warren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lucas, Matthew","contributorId":23030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rowe, Barbara","contributorId":71067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Barbara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70040485,"text":"ofr20121212 - 2012 - Surface-water radon-222 distribution along the west-central Florida shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T18:14:42.538922","indexId":"ofr20121212","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1212","title":"Surface-water radon-222 distribution along the west-central Florida shelf","docAbstract":"In February 2009 and August 2009, the spatial distribution of radon-222 in surface water was mapped along the west-central Florida shelf as collaboration between the Response of Florida Shelf Ecosystems to Climate Change project and a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship project. This report summarizes the surface distribution of radon-222 from two cruises and evaluates potential physical controls on radon-222 fluxes. Radon-222 is an inert gas produced overwhelmingly in sediment and has a short half-life of 3.8 days; activities in surface water ranged between 30 and 170 becquerels per cubic meter. Overall, radon-222 activities were enriched in nearshore surface waters relative to offshore waters. Dilution in offshore waters is expected to be the cause of the low offshore activities. While thermal stratification of the water column during the August survey may explain higher radon-222 activities relative to the February survey, radon-222 activity and integrated surface-water inventories decreased exponentially from the shoreline during both cruises. By estimating radon-222 evasion by wind from nearby buoy data and accounting for internal production from dissolved radium-226, its radiogenic long-lived parent, a simple one-dimensional model was implemented to determine the role that offshore mixing, benthic influx, and decay have on the distribution of excess radon-222 inventories along the west Florida shelf. For multiple statistically based boundary condition scenarios (first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum radon-222 inshore of 5 kilometers), the cross-shelf mixing rates and average nearshore submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) rates varied from 100.38 to 10-3.4 square kilometers per day and 0.00 to 1.70 centimeters per day, respectively. This dataset and modeling provide the first attempt to assess cross-shelf mixing and SGD on such a large spatial scale. Such estimates help scale up SGD rates that are often made at 1- to 10-meter resolution to a coarser but more regionally applicable scale of 1- to 10-kilometer resolution. More stringent analyses and model evaluation are required, but results and analyses presented in this report provide the foundation for conducting a more rigorous statistical assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121212","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.G., and Robbins, L.L., 2012, Surface-water radon-222 distribution along the west-central Florida shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1212, ii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121212.","productDescription":"ii, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1212.jpg"},{"id":262791,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1212/pdf/OFR-2012-1212-hi-res.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.000000,25.000000 ], [ -84.000000,30.000000 ], [ -81.000000,30.000000 ], [ -81.000000,25.000000 ], [ -84.000000,25.000000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508a51d9e4b07fc5688448c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, L. L.","contributorId":71156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040465,"text":"ofr20121117 - 2012 - Constraining the location of the Archean--Proterozoic suture in the Great Basin based on magnetotelluric soundings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-24T17:16:13","indexId":"ofr20121117","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1117","title":"Constraining the location of the Archean--Proterozoic suture in the Great Basin based on magnetotelluric soundings","docAbstract":"It is important to understand whether major mining districts in north-central Nevada are underlain by Archean crust, known to contain major orogenic gold deposits, or, alternatively, by accreted crust of the Paleoproterozoic Mojave province. Determining the location and orientation of the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone between the Archean crust and Mojave province is also critical because it may influence subsequent patterns of sedimentation, deformation, magmatism, and hydrothermal activity. In the Great Basin, the attitude of the suture zone is unknown because it is concealed below cover. A regional magnetotelluric sounding profile along the Utah-Nevada State line reveals a deeply penetrating, broad electrical conductor that may be the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone in the northwest corner of Utah. This major crustal conductor's strike direction is northwest, where it broadens to about 80 km wide below about 3-km depth. These results suggest that the southwestern limit of intact Archean crust in this part of the Great Basin is farther north than previously reported. These results also suggest that the major gold belts in north-central Nevada are located over the Paleoproterozoic Mojave province, and the Archean terrain lies northeast in the northwest corner of Utah. Rifted Archean crust segments south and west of the suture suggest that future mineral exploration northeast of current mineral trends may yield additional gold deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121117","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., and Sampson, J.A., 2012, Constraining the location of the Archean--Proterozoic suture in the Great Basin based on magnetotelluric soundings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1117, iv, 30 p.; col. ill.; map (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121117.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.; col. ill.; map (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"34","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1117.gif"},{"id":262774,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1117/OF12-1117.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508954c5e4b08c2511e770f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040459,"text":"ofr20121207 - 2012 - Geophysical studies in the vicinity of Blue Mountain and Pumpernickel Valley near Winnemucca, north-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T15:35:38.766434","indexId":"ofr20121207","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1207","title":"Geophysical studies in the vicinity of Blue Mountain and Pumpernickel Valley near Winnemucca, north-central Nevada","docAbstract":"From May 2008 to September 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected data from more than 660 gravity stations, 100 line-km of truck-towed magnetometer traverses, and 260 physical-property sites in the vicinity of Blue Mountain and Pumpernickel Valley, northern Nevada (fig. 1). Gravity, magnetic, and physical-property data were collected to study regional crustal structures as an aid to understanding the geologic framework of the Blue Mountain and Pumpernickel Valley areas, which in general, have implications for mineral- and geothermal-resource investigations throughout the Great Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121207","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., 2012, Geophysical studies in the vicinity of Blue Mountain and Pumpernickel Valley near Winnemucca, north-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1207, Report: vi, 14 p.; Metadata; 3 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121207.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 14 p.; Metadata; 3 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1207.bmp"},{"id":262755,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262756,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1207/of2012-1207.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Winnemucca","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mountain, Pumpernickel Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              41.30\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              40.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              40.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              41.30\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              41.30\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50884500e4b0a0cec3e5b5c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040405,"text":"ofr20121187 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:08:31","indexId":"ofr20121187","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1187","title":"Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>This report summarizes a preliminary study of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Tillamook (drainage area 156 square kilometers [km<sup>2</sup>]), Trask (451 km<sup>2</sup>), Wilson (500 km<sup>2</sup>), Kilchis (169 km<sup>2</sup>), Miami (94 km<sup>2</sup>), and Nehalem (2,207 km<sup>2</sup>) Rivers along the northwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted in coopera-tion with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Oregon Department of State Lands to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel mining, revealed that:</p><ul><li><p>Study areas along the six rivers can be divided into reaches based on tidal influence and topography. The fluvial (nontidal or dominated by riverine processes) reaches vary in length (2.4-9.3 kilometer [km]), gradient (0.0011-0.0075 meter of elevation change per meter of channel length [m/m]), and bed-material composition (a mixture of alluvium and intermittent bedrock outcrops to predominately alluvium). In fluvial reaches, unit bar area (square meter of bar area per meter of channel length [m<sup>2</sup>/m]) as mapped from 2009 photographs ranged from 7.1 m<sup>2</sup>/m on the Tillamook River to 27.9 m<sup>2</sup>/m on the Miami River.</p></li><li><p>In tidal reaches, all six rivers flow over alluvial deposits, but have varying gradients (0.0001-0.0013 m/m) and lengths affected by tide (1.3-24.6 km). The Miami River has the steepest and shortest tidal reach and the Nehalem River has the flattest and longest tidal reach. Bars in the tidal reaches are generally composed of sand and mud. Unit bar area was greatest in the Tidal Nehalem Reach, where extensive mud flats flank the lower channel.</p></li><li><p>Background factors such as valley and channel confinement, basin geology, channel slope, and tidal extent control the spatial variation in the accumulation and texture of bed material. Presently, the Upper Fluvial Wilson and Miami Reaches and Fluvial Nehalem Reach have the greatest abundance of gravel bars, likely owing to local bed-material sources in combination with decreasing channel gradient and valley confinement.</p></li><li><p>Natural and human-caused disturbances such as mass movements, logging, fire, channel modifications for navigation and flood control, and gravel mining also have varying effects on channel condition, bed-material transport, and distribution and area of bars throughout the study areas and over time.</p></li><li><p>Existing datasets include at least 16 and 18 sets of aerial and orthophotographs that were taken of the study areas in the Tillamook Bay tributary basins and Nehalem River basin, respectively, from 1939 to 2011. These photographs are available for future assessments of long-term changes in channel condition, bar area, and vegetation establishment patterns. High resolution Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) surveys acquired in 2007-2009 could support future quantitative analyses of channel morphology and bed-material transport in all study areas.</p></li><li><p>A review of deposited and mined gravel volumes reported for instream gravel mining sites shows that bed-material deposition tends to rebuild mined bar surfaces in most years. Mean annual deposition volumes on individual bars exceeded 3,000 cubic meters (m<sup>3</sup>) on Donaldson Bar on the Wilson River, Dill Bar on the Kilchis River, and Plant and Winslow Bars on the Nehalem River. Cumulative reported volumes of bed-material deposition were greatest at Donaldson and Dill Bars, totaling over 25,000 m<sup>3</sup> per site from 2004 to 2011. Within this period, reported cumulative mined volumes were greatest for the Donaldson, Plant, and Winslow Bars, ranging from 24,470 to 33,940 m<sup>3</sup>.</p></li><li><p>Analysis of historical stage-streamflow data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey on the Wilson River near Tillamook (14301500) and Nehalem River near Foss (14301000) shows that these rivers have episodically aggraded and incised, mostly following high flow events, but they do not exhibit systematic, long-term trends in bed elevation.</p><p>Multiple cross sections show that channels near bridge crossings in all six study areas are dynamic with many subject to incision and aggradation as well as lateral shifts in thalweg position and bank deposition and erosion.</p></li><li><p>In fluvial reaches, unit bar area declined a net 5.3-83.6 percent from 1939 to 2009. The documented reduction in bar area may be attributable to several factors, including vegetation establishment and stabilization of formerly active bar surfaces, lateral channel changes and resulting alterations in sediment deposition and erosion patterns, and streamflow and/or tide differences between photographs. Other factors that may be associated with the observed reduction in bar area but not assessed in this reconnaissance level study include changes in the sediment and hydrology regimes of these rivers over the analysis period.</p></li><li><p>In tidal reaches, unit bar area increased on the Tillamook and Nehalem Rivers (98.0 and 14.7 percent, respectively), but declined a net 24.2 to 83.1 percent in the other four tidal reaches. Net increases in bar area in the Tidal Tillamook and Nehalem Reaches were possibly attributable to tidal differences between the photographs as well as sediment deposition behind log booms and pile structures on the Tillamook River between 1939 and 1967.</p></li><li><p>The armoring ratio (ratio of the median grain sizes of a bar's surface and subsurface layers) was 1.6 at Lower Waldron Bar on the Miami River, tentatively indicating a relative balance between transport capacity and sediment supply at this location. Armoring ratios, however, ranged from 2.4 to 5.5 at sites on the Trask, Wilson, Kilchis, and Nehalem Rivers; these coarse armor layers probably reflect limited bed-material supply at these sites.</p></li><li><p>On the basis of mapping results, measured armoring ratios, and channel cross section surveys, preliminary conclusions are that the fluvial reaches on the Tillamook, Trask, Kilchis, and Nehalem Rivers are currently sediment supply-limited in terms of bed material - that is, the transport capacity of the channel generally exceeds the supply of bed material. The relation between transport capacity and sediment is more ambiguous for the fluvial reaches on the Wilson and Miami Rivers, but transport-limited conditions are likely for at least parts of these reaches. Some of these reaches have possibly evolved from sediment supply-limited to transport-limited over the last several decades in response to changing basin and climate conditions.</p></li><li><p>Because of exceedingly low gradients, all the tidal reaches are transport-limited. Bed material in these reaches, however, is primarily sand and finer grain-size material and probably transported as suspended load from upstream reaches. These reaches will be most susceptible to watershed conditions affecting the supply and transport of fine sediment.</p></li><li><p>Compared to basins on the southwestern Oregon coast, such as the Chetco and Rogue River basins, these six basins likely transport overall less gravel bed material. Although tentative in the absence of actual transport measurements, this conclusion is supported by the much lower area and frequency of bars and longer tidal reaches along all the northcoast rivers examined in this study.</p></li><li><p>Previous studies suggest that the expansive and largely unvegetated bars visible in the 1939 photographs are primarily associated with voluminous sedimentation starting soon after the first Tillamook Burn fire in 1933. However, USGS studies of temporal bar trends in other Oregon coastal rivers unaffected by the Tillamook Burn show similar declines in bar area over approximately the same analysis period. In the Umpqua and Chetco River basins, historical declines in bar area are associated with long-term decreases in flood magnitude. Other factors may include changes in the type and volume of large wood and riparian vegetation. Further characterization of hydrology patterns in these basins and possible linkages with climate factors related to flood peaks, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, could support inferences of expected future changes in vegetation establishment and channel planform and profile.</p></li><li><p>More detailed investigations of bed-material transport rates and channel morphology would support assessments of lateral and vertical channel condition and longitudinal trends in bed material. Such assessments would be most practical for the fluvial study areas on the Wilson, Kilchis, Miami, and Nehalem Rivers and relevant to several ongoing management and ecological issues pertaining to sand and gravel transport. Tidal reaches may also be logical subjects for indepth analysis where studies would be more relevant to the deposition and transport of fine sediment (and associated channel and riparian conditions and processes) rather than coarse bed material.</p></li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Department of State Lands","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.L., Keith, M., O'Connor, J., Mangano, J.F., and Wallick, J., 2012, Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1187, viii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121187.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p.","numberOfPages":"131","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1187.bmp"},{"id":262708,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262709,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1187/pdf/ofr20121187.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 10 North","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Kilchis River, Miami River, Nehalem River, Tillamook River, Trask River, Wilson River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.000000,45.333333 ], [ -124.000000,45.666667 ], [ -123.333333,45.666667 ], [ -123.333333,45.333333 ], [ -124.000000,45.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508117dde4b00e5d41d20a84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K.","contributorId":16560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mangano, Joseph F. 0000-0003-4213-8406 jmangano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8406","contributorId":4722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"Joseph","email":"jmangano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040402,"text":"ofr20121190 - 2012 - Preliminary geologic map of the Stanardsville 7.5' quadrangle, Greene and Madison Counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"ofr20121190","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1190","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Stanardsville 7.5' quadrangle, Greene and Madison Counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Stanardsville 7.5-minute quadrangle is located about 30 kilometers north of Charlottesville, Virginia, in the eastern foothills of the Blue Ridge and within the Blue Ridge physiographic province.  The quadrangle contains a small part of the eastern margin of Shenandoah National Park along Saddleback Mountain just north of Swift Run Gap and stretches of Swift Run and the South, Conway, and Rapidan Rivers.  The broad valleys occupied by these southeast-draining streams alternate with ridges as much as 1,700 feet high to produce a varied topography, with the 3,000- to 4,000-foot-high Blue Ridge defining the western horizon.  The bedrock geology of the quadrangle was mapped at a scale of 1:24,000 as part of the Geology of Shenandoah National Park Project (which was conducted from 1995 to 2008) of the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.  The results of the mapping were incorporated in the <i>Geologic Map of the Shenandoah National Park Region, Virginia</i> (<a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1153\">USGS Open-File Report 2009-1153</a>).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121190","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., Bailey, C.M., and Crider, E.A., 2012, Preliminary geologic map of the Stanardsville 7.5' quadrangle, Greene and Madison Counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1190, Report: (1 Map) 40.57 x 34.03 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121190.","productDescription":"Report: (1 Map) 40.57 x 34.03 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1190.jpg"},{"id":262695,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262696,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1190/pdf/StanardsvilleGeologicMap.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262697,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1190/Downloads","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 17 North","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Greene;Madison","city":"Stanardsville","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.500000,38.250000 ], [ -78.500000,38.375000 ], [ -78.375000,38.375000 ], [ -78.375000,38.250000 ], [ -78.500000,38.250000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50801895e4b0a0242ef285d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Christopher M.","contributorId":70503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crider, E. Allen","contributorId":93992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crider","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040377,"text":"ofr20121223 - 2012 - Summary of bird-survey and banding results at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121223","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1223","title":"Summary of bird-survey and banding results at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2008","docAbstract":"With some of the best remaining examples of oak habitats in the Willamette Valley, the Willamette Valley National Wildlife Refuge Complex (WVNWRC) has been implementing restoration efforts to reverse the successional trend towards Douglas-fir and maple that is threatening existing oak woodlands. The restoration work has been considered a model for other public and private efforts within the Willamette Valley, and has been showcased through the Oregon Oak Communities Working Group (http://www.oregonoaks.org). Although many oak restoration projects have been initiated over the last several years, and grant recipients typically identify wildlife species that are likely to benefit from their project, measures of success have not included the actual response of wildlife, such as a change in the probability of species occurrence or abundance. Monitoring in the WVNWRC has so far been limited to vegetative and structural changes within the plant community. Hagar and Stern (2001) identified bird species occurring in Willamette Valley oak woodlands that might be expected to benefit from such restoration efforts, including an endemic subspecies of the White-breasted Nuthatch (see Appendix 1 for scientific names of bird and plant species listed in this document), and the Acorn Woodpecker, both of which are species of concern in Oregon. However, empirical data documenting responses of bird assemblages to restoration actions are needed. The goal of this study was to document the effects of a restoration project in an Oregon White Oak woodland on Pigeon Butte in the W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge. Restoration treatments on Pigeon Butte include the removal of shade-tolerant tree species (primarily big-leaf maple and Douglas-fir) to reduce competition with oak trees and to return the stand to a more open structure. The objectives of this ongoing study are to compare abundance, survival, and productivity of diurnal songbird species before and after application of these restoration treatments. Monitoring these vital rates will provide crucial information about the effects of management on survival and productivity (DeSante and Rosenberg, 1998). Therefore, a constant-effort mist-netting project was continued in 2007 and 2008 that had previously collected songbird demographic data at Pigeon Butte from 1998 to 2002. Point-count surveys were conducted in the woodland to build on historical data available for the site (Anderson, 1970; Hagar and Stern, 2001). The data reported here represent 5 years of point count surveys and 6 years of banding before restoration treatment, but only one post-treatment sampling season. Continued monitoring of the bird population is recommended to determine both short-term effects and long-term trends following the habitat alterations that result from restoration treatment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121223","usgsCitation":"Hagar, J., 2012, Summary of bird-survey and banding results at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1223, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121223.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1223.jpg"},{"id":262607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262608,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1223/pdf/ofr20121223.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.365552,44.389287 ], [ -123.365552,44.435627 ], [ -123.278498,44.435627 ], [ -123.278498,44.389287 ], [ -123.365552,44.389287 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee084e4b022001d87bb9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040318,"text":"ofr20121185 - 2012 - 2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T14:26:49","indexId":"ofr20121185","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1185","title":"2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","docAbstract":"The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center's 2011 Year in Review is an annual report recounting the broad scope of the Center's 2011 accomplishments. The report covers preparations for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) launch, the ever-increasing use of free Landsat data, monitoring the effects of natural hazards, and more to emphasize the importance of innovation in using satellite data to study change over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121185","usgsCitation":"2012, 2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1185, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121185.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1185.jpg"},{"id":262580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1185/ofr2012-1185.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Sioux Falls","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.840384,43.465702 ], [ -96.840384,43.798528 ], [ -96.530628,43.798528 ], [ -96.530628,43.465702 ], [ -96.840384,43.465702 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4927e4b0b290850eeeba","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Johnson, Rebecca L. 0000-0002-8771-6161 rljohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-6161","contributorId":178874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rebecca","email":"rljohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730608,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040317,"text":"ofr20121168 - 2012 - waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:25:21","indexId":"ofr20121168","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1168","title":"waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","docAbstract":"Hydrologic time series data and associated anomalies (multiple components of the original time series representing variability at longer-term and shorter-term time scales) are useful for modeling trends in hydrologic variables, such as streamflow, and for modeling water-quality constituents. An R package, called waterData, has been developed for importing daily hydrologic time series data from U.S. Geological Survey streamgages into the R programming environment. In addition to streamflow, data retrieval may include gage height and continuous physical property data, such as specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. The package allows for importing daily hydrologic data into R, plotting the data, fixing common data problems, summarizing the data, and the calculation and graphical presentation of anomalies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121168","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., and Vecchia, A.V., 2012, waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0 (Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1168, Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121168.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1168.gif"},{"id":262582,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/of12-1168.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507d2380e4b0905c2a76c029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040228,"text":"ofr20121035 - 2012 - Quantity and quality of stormwater collected from selected stormwater outfalls at industrial sites, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T15:06:56","indexId":"ofr20121035","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1035","title":"Quantity and quality of stormwater collected from selected stormwater outfalls at industrial sites, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","docAbstract":"<p>An assessment of the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff associated with industrial activities at Fort Gordon was conducted from January through December 2011. The assessment was provided to satisfy the requirements from a general permit that authorizes the discharge of stormwater under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System from a site associated with industrial activities. The stormwater quantity refers to the runoff discharge at the point and time of the runoff sampling. The study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon. </p>          \r\n<p>The initial scope of this study was to sample stormwater runoff from five stations at four industrial sites (two landfills and two heating and cooling sites). As a consequence of inadequate hydrologic conditions during 2011, no samples were collected at the two landfills; however, three samples were collected from the heating and cooling sites.</p>\r\n<p>The assessment included the collection of physical properties, such as water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH; the detection of suspended materials (total suspended solids, total fixed solids, total volatile solids), nutrients and organic compounds, and major and trace inorganic compounds (metals); and the detection of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. Nutrients and organic compounds, major and trace inorganic compounds, and volatile and semivolatile organic compounds were detected above the laboratory reporting levels in all samples collected from the three stations. The detection of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds included anthracene, benzo[<i>a</i>]anthracene, benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene, benzo[<i>ghi</i>]perylene,<i> cis</i>,1, 2-dichloroethene, dimethyl phthalate, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, acenaphthylene (station SWR11-3), and di-n-butyl phthalate (station SWR11-4).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U. S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Nagle, D.D., and Guimaraes, W.B., 2012, Quantity and quality of stormwater collected from selected stormwater outfalls at industrial sites, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1035, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121035.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1035.jpg"},{"id":262489,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1035/pdf/ofr2012-1035.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262488,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Fort Gordon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.2500,32.3667 ], [ -82.2500,32.4500 ], [ -82.1333,32.4500 ], [ -82.1333,32.3667 ], [ -82.2500,32.3667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e49809e4b0e8fec6cd9bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagle, Doug D. ddnagle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"Doug","email":"ddnagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040217,"text":"ofr20121199 - 2012 - Hydrological information products for the Off-Project Water Program of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T10:59:41","indexId":"ofr20121199","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1199","title":"Hydrological information products for the Off-Project Water Program of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement","docAbstract":"The Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA) was developed by a diverse group of stakeholders, Federal and State resource management agencies, Tribal representatives, and interest groups to provide a comprehensive solution to ecological and water-supply issues in the Klamath Basin. The Off-Project Water Program (OPWP), one component of the KBRA, has as one of its purposes to permanently provide an additional 30,000 acre-feet of water per year on an average annual basis to Upper Klamath Lake through \"voluntary retirement of water rights or water uses or other means as agreed to by the Klamath Tribes, to improve fisheries habitat and also provide for stability of irrigation water deliveries.\" The geographic area where the water rights could be retired encompasses approximately 1,900 square miles. The OPWP area is defined as including the Sprague River drainage, the Sycan River drainage downstream of Sycan Marsh, the Wood River drainage, and the Williamson River drainage from Kirk Reef at the southern end of Klamath Marsh downstream to the confluence with the Sprague River. Extensive, broad, flat, poorly drained uplands, valleys, and wetlands characterize much of the study area. Irrigation is almost entirely used for pasture. To assist parties involved with decisionmaking and implementation of the OPWP, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Klamath Tribes and other stakeholders, created five hydrological information products. These products include GIS digital maps and datasets containing spatial information on evapotranspiration, subirrigation indicators, water rights, subbasin streamflow statistics, and return-flow indicators. The evapotranspiration (ET) datasets were created under contract for this study by Evapotranspiration, Plus, LLC, of Twin Falls, Idaho. A high-resolution remote sensing technique known as Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution and Internalized Calibration (METRIC) was used to create estimates of the spatial distribution of ET. The METRIC technique uses thermal infrared Landsat imagery to quantify actual evapotranspiration at a 30-meter resolution that can be related to individual irrigated fields. Because evaporation uses heat energy, ground surfaces with large ET rates are left cooler as a result of ET than ground surfaces that have less ET. As a consequence, irrigated fields appear in the Landsat images as cooler than nonirrigated fields. Products produced from this study include total seasonal and total monthly (April-October) actual evapotranspiration maps for 2004 (a dry year) and 2006 (a wet year). Maps showing indicators of natural subirrigation were also provided by this study. \"Subirrigation\" as used here is the evapotranspiration of shallow groundwater by plants with roots that penetrate to or near the water table. Subirrigation often occurs at locations where the water table is at or above the plant rooting depth. Natural consumptive use by plants diminishes the benefit of retiring water rights in subirrigated areas. Some agricultural production may be possible, however, on subirrigated lands for which water rights are retired. Because of the difficulty in precisely mapping and quantifying subirrigation, this study presents several sources of spatially mapped data that can be used as indicators of higher subirrigation probability. These include the floodplain boundaries defined by stream geomorphology, water-table depth defined in Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil surveys, and soil rooting depth defined in NRCS soil surveys. The two water-rights mapping products created in the study were \"points of diversion\" (POD) and \"place of use\" (POU) for surface-water irrigation rights. To create these maps, all surface-water rights data, decrees, certificates, permits, and unadjudicated claims within the entire 1,900 square mile study area were aggregated into a common GIS geodatabase. Surface-water irrigation rights within a 5-mile buffer of the study area were then selected and identified. The POU area was then totaled by water right for primary and supplemental water rights. The maximum annual volume (acre-feet) allowed under each water right also was calculated using the POU area and duty (allowable annual irrigation application in feet). In cases where a water right has more than one designated POD, the total volume for the water right was equally distributed to each POD listed for the water right. Because of this, mapped distribution of diversion rates for some rights may differ from actual practice. Water-right information in the map products was from digital datasets obtained from the Oregon Water Resources Department and was, at the time acquired, the best available compilation of water-right information available. Because the completeness and accuracy of the water-right data could not be verified, users are encouraged to check directly with the Oregon Water Resources Department where specific information on individual rights or locations is essential. A dataset containing streamflow statistics for 72 subbasins in the study area was created for the study area. The statistics include annual flow durations (5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 95-percent exceedances) and 7-day, 10-year (7Q10) and 7-day, 2-year (7Q2) low flows, and were computed using regional regression equations based on measured streamflow records in the region. Daily streamflow records used were adjusted as needed for crop consumptive use; therefore the statistics represent streamflow under more natural conditions as though irrigation diversions did not exist. Statistics are provided for flow rates resulting from streamflow originating from within the entire drainage area upstream of the subbasin pour point (referring to the outlet of the contributing drainage basin). The statistics were computed for the purpose of providing decision makers with the ability to estimate streamflow that would be expected after water conservation techniques have been implemented or a water right has been retired. A final product from the study are datasets of indicators of the potential for subsurface return flow of irrigation water from agricultural areas to nearby streams. The datasets contain information on factors such as proximity to surface-water features, geomorphic floodplain characteristics, and depth to water. The digital data, metadata, and example illustrations for the datasets described in this report are available on-line from the USGS Water Resources National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Node Website http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getgislist or from the U.S. Government website DATA.gov at http://www.data.gov with links provided in a Microsoft&reg; Excel&reg; workbook in appendix A.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Klamath Tribes and in collaboration with Klamath Basin Rangeland Trust, Klamath Watershed Partnership, Sustainable Northwest, The Nature Conservancy, Upper Klamath Water Users Association, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., Risley, J.C., and Haynes, J.V., 2012, Hydrological information products for the Off-Project Water Program of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1199, iv; 20 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121199.","productDescription":"iv; 20 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1199.jpg"},{"id":262417,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262418,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1199/pdf/ofr20121199.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":273905,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_distance_to_gaining_streams_and_lakes.xml"},{"id":273906,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_distance_to_perennial_streams_and_lakes.xml"},{"id":273913,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_subbasin_analysis_pour_points_v3.xml"},{"id":273914,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_subbasin_analysis_v3.xml"},{"id":273915,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_water_rights_pod_20110909.xml"},{"id":273916,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_water_rights_pou_20110909.xml"},{"id":273911,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_sprague_river_oregon_geomorphology_return_flow.xml"},{"id":273912,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_sprague_river_oregon_geomorphology_subirrigation.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.33333333333333,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.33333333333333,43.416666666666664 ], [ -120.5,43.416666666666664 ], [ -120.5,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.33333333333333,42.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50defea8e4b0dfbe79e682c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haynes, Jonathan V. 0000-0001-6530-6252 jhaynes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-6252","contributorId":3113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhaynes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040210,"text":"ofr20121203 - 2012 - Biotic, water-quality, and hydrologic metrics calculated for the analysis of temporal trends in National Water Quality Assessment Program Data in the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:33:37","indexId":"ofr20121203","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1203","title":"Biotic, water-quality, and hydrologic metrics calculated for the analysis of temporal trends in National Water Quality Assessment Program Data in the Western United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program was established by Congress in 1991 to collect long-term, nationally consistent information on the quality of the Nation's streams and groundwater. The NAWQA Program utilizes interdisciplinary and dynamic studies that link the chemical and physical conditions of streams (such as flow and habitat) with ecosystem health and the biologic condition of algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish communities. This report presents metrics derived from NAWQA data and the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network for sampling sites in the Western United States, as well as associated chemical, habitat, and streamflow properties. The metrics characterize the conditions of algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. In addition, we have compiled climate records and basin characteristics related to the NAWQA sampling sites. The calculated metrics and compiled data can be used to analyze ecohydrologic trends over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121203","usgsCitation":"Wiele, S.M., Brasher, A., Miller, M.P., May, J., and Carpenter, K., 2012, Biotic, water-quality, and hydrologic metrics calculated for the analysis of temporal trends in National Water Quality Assessment Program Data in the Western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1203, Report: iv; 11 p.; Appendixes 1-9, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121203.","productDescription":"Report: iv; 11 p.; Appendixes 1-9","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1203.gif"},{"id":262398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":332859,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1203/of2012-1203_appendixes/of2012-1203_appendixes.html","text":"Appendixes 1-9","linkHelpText":"Web page with links to download Appendixes 1-9 as xlsx files (up to 1.6 MB each)"},{"id":262399,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1203/of2012-1203_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.63964843750001,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.63964843750001,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.63964843750001,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d8a220e4b0af4069e41a1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiele, Stephen M. smwiele@usgs.gov","contributorId":2199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiele","given":"Stephen","email":"smwiele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, Anne M.D.","contributorId":33686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"Anne M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040191,"text":"ofr20121194 - 2012 - Geology of the Devonian Marcellus Shale--Valley and Ridge province, Virginia and West Virginia--a field trip guidebook for the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Eastern Section Meeting, September 28-29, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-04T17:16:38","indexId":"ofr20121194","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1194","title":"Geology of the Devonian Marcellus Shale--Valley and Ridge province, Virginia and West Virginia--a field trip guidebook for the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Eastern Section Meeting, September 28-29, 2011","docAbstract":"Detailed and reconnaissance field mapping and the results of geochemical and mineralogical analyses of outcrop samples indicate that the Devonian shales of the Broadtop Synclinorium from central Virginia to southern Pennsylvania have an organic content sufficiently high and a thermal maturity sufficiently moderate to be considered for a shale gas play. The organically rich Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale is present throughout most of the synclinorium, being absent only where it has been eroded from the crests of anticlines. Geochemical analyses of outcrop and well samples indicate that hydrocarbons have been generated and expelled from the kerogen originally in place in the shale. The mineralogical characteristics of the Marcellus Shale samples from the Broadtop Synclinorium are slightly different from the averages of samples from New York, Pennsylvania, northeast Ohio, and northern West Virginia. The Middle Devonian shale interval is moderately to heavily fractured in all areas, but in some areas substantial fault shearing has removed a regular \"cleat\" system of fractures. Conventional anticlinal gas fields in the study area that are productive from the Lower Devonian Oriskany Sandstone suggest that a continuous shale gas system may be in place within the Marcellus Shale interval at least in a portion of the synclinorium. Third-order intraformational deformation is evident within the Marcellus shale exposures. Correlations between outcrops and geophysical logs from exploration wells nearby will be examined by field trip attendees.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121194","usgsCitation":"Enomoto, C.B., Coleman, J.L., Haynes, J.T., Whitmeyer, S.J., McDowell, R.R., Lewis, J.E., Spear, T.P., and Swezey, C., 2012, Geology of the Devonian Marcellus Shale--Valley and Ridge province, Virginia and West Virginia--a field trip guidebook for the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Eastern Section Meeting, September 28-29, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1194, v, 48 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121194.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1194.jpg"},{"id":262277,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1194/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262278,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1194/pdf/ofr2012-1194.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Devonian Marcellus Shale","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506dbadae4b002b5ec71a851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, James L. Jr. 0000-0002-5232-5849 jlcoleman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-5849","contributorId":549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haynes, John T.","contributorId":54842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitmeyer, Steven J.","contributorId":105578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitmeyer","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDowell, Ronald R.","contributorId":104328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lewis, J. Eric","contributorId":97755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spear, Tyler P.","contributorId":70232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S.","contributorId":52640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70040161,"text":"ofr20121191 - 2012 - Measurement of near-surface seismic compressional wave velocities using refraction tomography at a proposed construction site on the Presidio of Monterey, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121191","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1191","title":"Measurement of near-surface seismic compressional wave velocities using refraction tomography at a proposed construction site on the Presidio of Monterey, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is determining the feasibility of constructing a new barracks building on the U.S. Army Presidio of Monterey in Monterey, California. Due to the presence of an endangered orchid in the proposed area, invasive techniques such as exploratory drill holes are prohibited. To aid in determining the feasibility, budget, and design of this building, a compressional-wave seismic refraction survey was proposed by the U.S. Geological Survey as an alternative means of investigating the depth to competent bedrock. Two sub-parallel profiles were acquired along an existing foot path and a fence line to minimize impacts on the endangered flora. The compressional-wave seismic refraction tomography data for both profiles indicate that no competent rock classified as non-rippable or marginally rippable exists within the top 30 feet beneath the ground surface.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121191","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Powers, M.H., and Burton, B., 2012, Measurement of near-surface seismic compressional wave velocities using refraction tomography at a proposed construction site on the Presidio of Monterey, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1191, iii; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121191.","productDescription":"iii; 17 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1191.gif"},{"id":262220,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1191/OF12-1191.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Monterey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.9,36.56666666666667 ], [ -121.9,36.6 ], [ -121.86666666666666,36.6 ], [ -121.86666666666666,36.56666666666667 ], [ -121.9,36.56666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d51b7e4b002b5ec71a839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040162,"text":"ofr20121186 - 2012 - Disputes over science and dispute resolution approaches - A survey of Bureau of Reclamation employees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"ofr20121186","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1186","title":"Disputes over science and dispute resolution approaches - A survey of Bureau of Reclamation employees","docAbstract":"Water resources in parts of the Western United States are over-allocated, which intensifies the pressure to support water management decisions with strong scientific evidence. Because scientific studies sometimes provide uncertain or competing results or recommendations, science can become a source of disputes during decision-making processes. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) is an important water manager in the Western United States, and Reclamation decision processes are often contested by a variety of affected constituencies. We conducted a Web-based survey of Reclamation employees to determine (1) which types of disputes over science are occurring and how common they are, (2) which approaches have been used by Reclamation to try to resolve these different types of disputes, (3) how useful Reclamation employees find these approaches at resolving these types of disputes, (4) the final outcomes of these disputes and the decision-making processes that were hindered by the disputes over science, and (5) the potential usefulness of several different types of dispute resolution resources that Reclamation could provide for employees that become involved in disputes over science. The calculated minimum response rate for the survey was 59 percent. Twenty-five percent of respondents indicated that they had been involved in a dispute over science while working at Reclamation. Native species and species listed under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 were the most common issue types reported in these disputes over science. Survey respondents indicated that they used a variety of approaches to resolve disputes over science and rated most approaches as either neutral or somewhat helpful in these endeavors. Future research is needed to determine whether there are additional variables underlying these disputes that were not measured in this survey that may identify when dispute resolution methods are most effective, or whether resolving aspects of these disputes, such as differing interpretations of science, is very difficult or impossible regardless of the dispute resolution methods used.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121186","usgsCitation":"Burkardt, N., and Ruell, E.W., 2012, Disputes over science and dispute resolution approaches - A survey of Bureau of Reclamation employees: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1186, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121186.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1186.JPG"},{"id":262225,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1186/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262226,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1186/OF12-1186.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d5179e4b002b5ec71a824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruell, Emily W.","contributorId":28465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruell","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040124,"text":"ofr20121206 - 2012 - Evaluation of simulations to understand effects of groundwater development and artificial recharge on the surface water and riparian vegetation Sierra Vista subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"ofr20121206","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1206","title":"Evaluation of simulations to understand effects of groundwater development and artificial recharge on the surface water and riparian vegetation Sierra Vista subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey documented a five-layer groundwater flow model of the Sierra Vista and Sonoran subwatersheds of the Upper San Pedro Basin. The model has been applied by a private consultant to evaluate the effects of projected groundwater pumping through 2105 and effects of artificial recharge at three near-stream sites for 2012-2111. The main concern regarding simulations of long-term groundwater pumping is the effect of artificial model boundaries on modeled response, particularly for pumping near Cananea, Sonora, Mexico, which is adjacent to an artificial no-flow boundary. Concerns regarding the simulations of the effects of artificial recharge near streams include the resolution of the model and the representation of the model properties at the site scale; a possible limited ability of the model to correctly apportion recharge response between increased streamflow and increased evapotranspiration; a limited ability of the model to simulate detailed geometries of artificial recharge areas and evapotranspiration areas; and stream locations with the 820-foot grid spacing of the basin-scale model. In spite of these concerns, use of the U.S. Geological Survey five-layer groundwater flow model by the consultant are reasonable and valid.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Sierra Vista","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Gungle, B., 2012, Evaluation of simulations to understand effects of groundwater development and artificial recharge on the surface water and riparian vegetation Sierra Vista subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1206, vi, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121206.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1206.gif"},{"id":262177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1206/of2012-1206.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.8000,29.4900 ], [ -110.8000,33.4300 ], [ -109.0500,33.4300 ], [ -109.0500,29.4900 ], [ -110.8000,29.4900 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788d2fe4b0cfc2d59f5a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gungle, Bruce 0000-0001-6406-1206","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-1206","contributorId":40176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gungle","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040105,"text":"ofr20121213 - 2012 - Toxicity, sublethal effects, and potential modes of action of select fungicides on freshwater fish and invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:34:47.127959","indexId":"ofr20121213","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1213","title":"Toxicity, sublethal effects, and potential modes of action of select fungicides on freshwater fish and invertebrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite decades of agricultural and urban use of fungicides and widespread detection of these pesticides in surface waters, relatively few data are available on the effects of fungicides on fish and invertebrates in the aquatic environment. Nine fungicides are reviewed in this report: azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, fludioxonil, myclobutanil, fenarimol, pyraclostrobin, pyrimethanil, and zoxamide. These fungicides were identified as emerging chemicals of concern because of their high or increasing global use rates, detection frequency in surface waters, or likely persistence in the environment. A review of the literature revealed significant sublethal effects of fungicides on fish, aquatic invertebrates, and ecosystems, including zooplankton and fish reproduction, fish immune function, zooplankton community composition, metabolic enzymes, and ecosystem processes, such as leaf decomposition in streams, among other biological effects. Some of these effects can occur at fungicide concentrations well below single-species acute lethality values (48- or 96-hour concentration that effects a response in 50 percent of the organisms, that is, effective concentration killing 50 percent of the organisms in 48 or 96 hours) and chronic sublethal values (for example, 21-day no observed adverse effects concentration), indicating that single-species toxicity values may dramatically underestimate the toxic potency of some fungicides. Fungicide modes of toxic action in fungi can sometimes reflect the biochemical and (or) physiological effects of fungicides observed in vertebrates and invertebrates; however, far more studies are needed to explore the potential to predict effects in nontarget organisms based on specific fungicide modes of toxic action. Fungicides can also have additive and (or) synergistic effects when used with other fungicides and insecticides, highlighting the need to study pesticide mixtures that occur in surface waters. For fungicides that partition to organic matter in sediment and soils, it is particularly important to determine their effects on freshwater mussels and other freshwater benthic invertebrates in contact with sediments, as available toxicity studies with pelagic species, mainly&nbsp;</span><i>Daphnia magna</i><span>, may not be representative of these benthic organisms. Finally, there is a critical need for studies of the chronic effects of fungicides on reproduction, immunocompetence, and ecosystem function; sublethal endpoints with population and community-level relevance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121213","usgsCitation":"Elskus, A.A., 2012, Toxicity, sublethal effects, and potential modes of action of select fungicides on freshwater fish and invertebrates (Version 1.0: September 27, 2012; Version 1,1: November 25, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1213, vii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121213.","productDescription":"vii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040603","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262163,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262162,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1213/pdf/ofr2012-1213.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121213.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 27, 2012; Version 1,1: November 25, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662516e4b053bff18e1c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elskus, Adria A.","contributorId":14521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040081,"text":"ofr20121099 - 2012 - Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-08T17:16:12","indexId":"ofr20121099","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1099","title":"Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, 2011","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment transport is a critical element governing the geomorphology of tidal marshes. Marshes rely on both organic material and inorganic sediment deposition to maintain their elevation relative to sea level. In wetlands near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, portions of the salt marsh have been subsiding relative to sea level since the early 20th century. Other portions of the marsh have been successful at maintaining elevation. The U.S. Geological Survey performed observational deployments to measure suspended-sediment concentration in the tidal channels in order to understand the magnitude of suspended-sediment concentrations, the sediment-transport mechanisms, and differences between two marsh areas, one that subsided and one that maintained elevation. We deployed optical turbidity sensors and acoustic velocity meters at multiple sites over two periods in 2011. This report presents the time-series of oceanographic data collected during those field studies, including velocity, depth, turbidity, salinity, water temperature, and pH.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121099","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Dickhudt, P., Montgomery, E., Brennand, P., Derby, R.K., Brooks, T.W., Guntenspergen, G.R., Martini, M.A., Borden, J., and Baldwin, S., 2012, Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1099, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121099.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1099.jpg"},{"id":262130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262131,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1099/title_page.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Blackwater River;Transquaking River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.1,38.3 ], [ -76.1,38.4 ], [ -76,38.4 ], [ -76,38.3 ], [ -76.1,38.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662514e4b053bff18e1c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":93543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick J.","contributorId":48302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montgomery, Ellyn T.","contributorId":78038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ellyn T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennand, Patrick","contributorId":62095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennand","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Derby, R. Kyle","contributorId":24643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derby","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Thomas W. 0000-0002-0555-3398 wallybrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-3398","contributorId":5989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Thomas","email":"wallybrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Borden, Jonathan 0000-0001-6844-3340 jborden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-3340","contributorId":3098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borden","given":"Jonathan","email":"jborden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baldwin, Sandra M. sbrosnahan@usgs.gov","contributorId":75620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Sandra M.","email":"sbrosnahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70040086,"text":"ofr20121049 - 2012 - Test drilling and data collection in the Calaveras County portion of the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, California, December 2009-June 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-27T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121049","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1049","title":"Test drilling and data collection in the Calaveras County portion of the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, California, December 2009-June 2011","docAbstract":"Two multiple-well monitoring sites were drilled in the Calaveras County portion of the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, about 100 miles east of San Francisco, California, during December 2009 and January 2010. Site 3N/9E-12G1-4 was drilled to a depth of 503 feet below land surface (bls), and four wells were installed. Site 4N/9E-36A1-3 was drilled to a depth of 400 feet bls, and three wells were installed. Lithologic and geophysical data collected during test drilling indicated the presence of volcanic sands interspersed with lahar deposits that are characteristic of the Mehrten Formation to about 420 feet bls at site 12G1-4, and the presence of volcanic sands interspersed with clay that are characteristic of the Valley Springs Formation at site 36A1-3. In January 2010, water levels at site 12G1-4 ranged from 120 to 127 feet bls (the shallowest well at the site, 12G4, screened from 90 to 110 feet bls, was dry). Between May and November 2010, water levels declined as much as 22 feet in wells 12G1 and 12G2, the deepest wells at this site, and declined about 6 feet in shallower well 12G3. During this same period, water-levels declined less than 8 feet in the three wells at site 36A1-3. Water levels in all monitoring wells recovered to near-May-2010 levels by mid-spring 2011. Dissolved solids in the six sampled monitoring wells (residue on evaporation) ranged from 154 to 239 milligrams per liter (mg/L); arsenic concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 13 micrograms per liter (&mu;g/L), and were greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for arsenic of 10 &mu;g/L in well 36A2. The oxygen-18 (&delta;<sup>18</sup>O) and deuterium (&delta;D) stable-isotopic composition of water from the six monitoring wells and from nine domestic and public-supply wells sampled as part of this study ranged from -6.7 to -8.2 per mil (&delta;<sup>18</sup>O), and -50 to -60 per mil (&delta;D), and was consistent with values expected for water recharged in the lower altitudes of the Sierra Nevada. Well 36A3, the shallowest well at site 36A1-3, was the only well that contained measurable tritium - indicative of water recharged after 1952. Carbon-14 activities from the six monitoring wells ranged from 76.0 to 18.9 percent modern carbon, and groundwater ages (time since recharge), not corrected for chemical reactions, ranged from 2,200 to 13,400 years before present.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Calaveras County Water District and the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Metzger, L.F., Izbicki, J., and Nawikas, J., 2012, Test drilling and data collection in the Calaveras County portion of the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, California, December 2009-June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1049, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121049.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1049.jpg"},{"id":262132,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262133,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1049/pdf/ofr20121049.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Calaveras","otherGeospatial":"Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.08333333333333,38 ], [ -121.08333333333333,38.25 ], [ -120.8,38.25 ], [ -120.8,38 ], [ -121.08333333333333,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662515e4b053bff18e1c10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nawikas, Joseph M. 0000-0001-9061-6674","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9061-6674","contributorId":96528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nawikas","given":"Joseph M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040080,"text":"ofr20121151 - 2012 - Database of the United States Coal Pellet Collection of the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Petrology Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-27T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1151","title":"Database of the United States Coal Pellet Collection of the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Petrology Laboratory","docAbstract":"The Organic Petrology Laboratory (OPL) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eastern Energy Resources Science Center in Reston, Virginia, contains several thousand processed coal sample materials that were loosely organized in laboratory drawers for the past several decades. The majority of these were prepared as 1-inch-diameter particulate coal pellets (more than 6,000 pellets; one sample usually was prepared as two pellets, although some samples were prepared in as many as four pellets), which were polished and used in reflected light petrographic studies. These samples represent the work of many scientists from the 1970s to the present, most notably Ron Stanton, who managed the OPL until 2001 (see Warwick and Ruppert, 2005, for a comprehensive bibliography of Ron Stanton's work). The purpose of the project described herein was to organize and catalog the U.S. part of the petrographic sample collection into a comprehensive database (available with this report as a Microsoft Excel file) and to compile and list published studies associated with the various sample sets. Through this work, the extent of the collection is publicly documented as a resource and sample library available to other scientists and researchers working in U.S. coal basins previously studied by organic petrologists affiliated with the USGS. Other researchers may obtain samples in the OPL collection on loan at the discretion of the USGS authors listed in this report and its associated Web page.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121151","usgsCitation":"Deems, N.J., and Hackley, P.C., 2012, Database of the United States Coal Pellet Collection of the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Petrology Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1151, iii, 18 p.; Coal Pellet Collection Database XLSX, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121151.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.; Coal Pellet Collection Database XLSX","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1151.gif"},{"id":262128,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1151/OFR2012-1151.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5066250ee4b053bff18e1be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deems, Nikolaus J.","contributorId":77410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deems","given":"Nikolaus","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040067,"text":"ofr20121201 - 2012 - Geophysical investigation of sentinel lakes in Lake, Seminole, Orange, and Volusia Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-27T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121201","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1201","title":"Geophysical investigation of sentinel lakes in Lake, Seminole, Orange, and Volusia Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"This study was initiated in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) to investigate groundwater and surface-water interaction in designated sentinel lakes in central Florida. Sentinel lakes are a SJRWMD established set of priority water bodies (lakes) for which minimum flows and levels (MFLs) are determined. Understanding both the structure and lithology beneath these lakes can ultimately lead to a better understanding of the MFLs and why water levels fluctuate in certain lakes more so than in other lakes. These sentinel lakes have become important water bodies to use as water-fluctuation indicators in the SJRWMD Minimum Flows and Levels program and will be used to define long-term hydrologic and ecologic performance measures. Geologic control on lake hydrology remains poorly understood in this study area. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey investigated 16 of the 21 water bodies on the SJRWMD priority list. Geologic information was obtained by the tandem use of high-resolution seismic profiling (HRSP) and direct-current (DC) resistivity profiling to isolate both the geologic framework (structure) and composition (lithology). Previous HRSP surveys from various lakes in the study area have been successful in identifying karst features, such as subsidence sinkholes. However, by using this method only, it is difficult to image highly irregular or chaotic surfaces, such as collapse sinkholes. Resistivity profiling was used to complement HRSP by detecting porosity change within fractured or collapsed structures and increase the ability to fully characterize the subsurface. Lake Saunders (Lake County) is an example of a lake composed of a series of north-south-trending sinkholes that have joined to form one lake body. HRSP shows surface depressions and deformation in the substrate. Resistivity data likewise show areas in the southern part of the lake where resistivity shifts abruptly from approximately 400 ohm meters (ohm-m) along the edges to approximately 12 ohm-m in the center. These well-defined areas may indicate a \"ravel\" zone of increased porosity or clay content. Within Lake Helen (Volusia County), a parallel set of seismic reflectors within a host of chaotic reflectors may represent fill within a large sinkhole. The feature extends to more than 50 meters (m) deep and contains very steep pinnacles within the center. Seismic data in Lake Helen are supported by high resistivity values from adjacent continuous resistivity profiles that show possible center collapse within the lake and infilling of sandy material. When used together, HRSP and DC resistivity techniques provide a composite image of structure and lithology to detect potential conduits for fluid flow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Reich, C., Flocks, J., and Davis, J., 2012, Geophysical investigation of sentinel lakes in Lake, Seminole, Orange, and Volusia Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1201, viii; 58 p.; PDF Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121201.","productDescription":"viii; 58 p.; PDF Appendix","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1201.gif"},{"id":262109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1201/pdf/Reich_OFR2012_1201_appendix-sm.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262107,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1201/pdf/Reich_OFR2012_1201-sm.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262108,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Lake County;Marion County;Orange County;Seminole County;Sumter County;Volusia County","otherGeospatial":"Cherry Lake;Lake Louisa;Johns Lake;Lake Avalon;Lake Hiawassee;Crooked Lake;Prevatt Lake;Lake Saunders;Sylvan Lake;Trout Lake;Big Lake;Lake Colby;Lake Helen","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,28.666666666666668 ], [ -82,29.25 ], [ -81,29.25 ], [ -81,28.666666666666668 ], [ -82,28.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662510e4b053bff18e1bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Christopher","contributorId":12942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James","contributorId":62266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Jeffrey","contributorId":20204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}