We report the first in situ detection of boron on Mars. Boron has been detected in Gale crater at levels <0.05 wt % B by the NASA Curiosity rover ChemCam instrument in calcium‐sulfate‐filled fractures, which formed in a late‐stage groundwater circulating mainly in phyllosilicate‐rich bedrock interpreted as lacustrine in origin. We consider two main groundwater‐driven hypotheses to explain the presence of boron in the veins: leaching of borates out of bedrock or the redistribution of borate by dissolution of borate‐bearing evaporite deposits. Our results suggest that an evaporation mechanism is most likely, implying that Gale groundwaters were mildly alkaline. On Earth, boron may be a necessary component for the origin of life; on Mars, its presence suggests that subsurface groundwater conditions could have supported prebiotic chemical reactions if organics were also present and provides additional support for the past habitability of Gale crater.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017GL074480","usgsCitation":"Gasda, P.J., Haldeman, E.B., Wiens, R.C., Rapin, W., Bristow, T.F., Bridges, J.C., Schwenzer, S.P., Clark, B., Herkenhoff, K.E., Frydenvang, J., Lanza, N.L., Maurice, S., Clegg, S.M., Delapp, D.M., Sanford, V.L., Bodine, M.R., and McInroy, R., 2017, In situ detection of boron by ChemCam on Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 17, p. 8739-8748, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074480.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"8739","endPage":"8748","ipdsId":"IP-086090","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl074480","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc5c8e4b0f5d57878eb41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gasda, Patrick J.","contributorId":196313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gasda","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haldeman, Ethan B.","contributorId":196314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haldeman","given":"Ethan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiens, Roger C.","contributorId":140330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiens","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rapin, William","contributorId":172305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rapin","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27023,"text":"Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bristow, Thomas F.","contributorId":196315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bristow","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bridges, John C.","contributorId":173222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27194,"text":"University of Leicester","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwenzer, Susanne P.","contributorId":196316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwenzer","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, Benton C.","contributorId":127516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Benton C.","affiliations":[{"id":7038,"text":"Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Frydenvang, Jens","contributorId":173225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frydenvang","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27196,"text":"LANL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lanza, Nina L.","contributorId":140299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanza","given":"Nina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Maurice, Sylvestre","contributorId":82626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurice","given":"Sylvestre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Clegg, Samuel M.","contributorId":23460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clegg","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Delapp, Dorothea M.","contributorId":196317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delapp","given":"Dorothea","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sanford, Veronica L.","contributorId":196318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanford","given":"Veronica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bodine, Madeleine R.","contributorId":196319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodine","given":"Madeleine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"McInroy, Rhonda","contributorId":140335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McInroy","given":"Rhonda","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70189964,"text":"sir20175084 - 2017 - Characterization of water quality and suspended sediment during cold-season flows, warm-season flows, and stormflows in the Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds, Colorado, 2007–2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T10:02:12","indexId":"sir20175084","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5084","displayTitle":"Characterization of water quality and suspended sediment during cold-season flows, warm-season flows, and stormflows in the Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds, Colorado, 2007–2015","title":"Characterization of water quality and suspended sediment during cold-season flows, warm-season flows, and stormflows in the Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds, Colorado, 2007–2015","docAbstract":"From 2007 through 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Colorado Springs City Engineering, conducted a study in the Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds, Colorado, to characterize surface-water quality and suspended-sediment conditions for three different streamflow regimes with an emphasis on characterizing water quality during storm runoff. Data collected during this study were used to evaluate the effects of stormflows and wastewater-treatment effluent discharge on Fountain and Monument Creeks in the Colorado Springs, Colorado, area. Water-quality samples were collected at 2 sites on Upper Fountain Creek, 2 sites on Monument Creek, 3 sites on Lower Fountain Creek, and 13 tributary sites during 3 flow regimes: cold-season flow (November–April), warm-season flow (May–October), and stormflow from 2007 through 2015. During 2015, additional samples were collected and analyzed for Escherichia coli (E. coli) during dry weather conditions at 41 sites, located in E. coli impaired stream reaches, to help identify source areas and scope of the impairment.
Concentrations of E. coli, total arsenic, and dissolved copper, selenium, and zinc in surface-water samples were compared to Colorado in-stream standards. Stormflow concentrations of E. coli frequently exceeded the recreational use standard of 126 colonies per 100 milliliters at main-stem and tributary sites by more than an order of magnitude. Even though median E. coli concentrations in warm-season flow samples were lower than median concentrations in storm-flow samples, the water quality standard for E. coli was still exceeded at most main-stem sites and many tributary sites during warm-season flows. Six samples (three warm-season flow and three stormflow samples) collected from Upper Fountain Creek, upstream from the confluence of Monument Creek, and two stormflow samples collected from Lower Fountain Creek, downstream from the confluence with Monument Creek, exceeded the acute water-quality standard for total arsenic of 50 micrograms per liter. All concentrations of dissolved copper, selenium, and zinc measured in samples were below the water-quality standard.
Concentrations of dissolved nitrate plus nitrite generally increased from upstream to downstream during all flow periods. The largest downstream increase in dissolved nitrate plus nitrite concentration was measured between sites 07103970 and 07104905 on Monument Creek. All but one tributary that drain into Monument Creek between the two sites had higher median nitrate plus nitrite concentrations than the nearest upstream site on Monument Creek, site 07103970 (MoCr_Woodmen). Increases in the concentration of dissolved nitrate plus nitrite were also evident below wastewater treatment plants located on Fountain Creek.
Most stormflow concentrations of dissolved trace elements were smaller than concentrations from cold-season flow or warm-season samples. However, median concentrations of total arsenic, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc generally were much larger during periods of stormflow than during cold-season flow or warm-season fl. Median concentrations of total arsenic, total copper, total lead, dissolved and total manganese, total nickel, dissolved and total selenium, and dissolved and total zinc concentrations increased from 1.5 to 28.5 times from site 07103700 (FoCr_Manitou) to 07103707 (FoCr_8th) during cold-season and warm-season flows, indicating a large source of trace elements between these two sites. Both of these sites are located on Fountain Creek, upstream from the confluence with Monument Creek.
Median suspended-sediment concentrations and median suspended-sediment loads increased in the downstream direction during all streamflow regimes between Monument Creek sites 07103970 (MoCr_Woodmen) and 07104905 (MoCr_Bijou); however, statistically significant increase (p-value less than 0.05) were only present during warm-season flow and stormflow. Significant increases in median suspended sediment concentrations were measured during cold-season flow and warm-season flow between Upper Fountain Creek site 07103707 (FoCr_8th) and Lower Fountain Creek site 07105500 (FoCr_Nevada) because of inflows from Monument Creek with higher suspended-sediment concentrations. Median suspended-sediment concentrations between sites 07104905 (MoCr_Bijou) and 07105500 (FoCr_Nevada) increased significantly during warm-season flow but showed no significant differences during cold-season flow and stormflow. Significant decreases in median suspended-sediment concentrations were measured between sites 07105500 (FoCr_Nevada) and 07105530 (FoCr_Janitell) during all flow regimes.
Suspended-sediment concentrations, discharges, and yields associated with stormflow were significantly larger than those associated with warm-season flow. Although large spatial variations in suspended-sediment yields occurred during warm-season flows, the suspended-sediment yield associated with stormflow were as much as 1,000 times larger than the suspended-sediment yields that occurred during warm-season flow.
Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-415
Denver, CO 80225-0046
“Whiting” in oceanography is a term used to describe a sharply defined patch of water that contains high levels of suspended, fine-grained calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Whitings have been reported in many oceanic and lake environments, and recently have been reported in southwest Florida coastal waters. Here, field and laboratory measurements were used to study optical, biological, and chemical properties of whiting waters off southwest Florida. No significant difference was found in chlorophyll a concentrations between whiting and outside waters (non-whiting water), but average particle backscattering coefficients in whiting waters were double those in outside waters, and remote sensing reflectance in whiting waters was higher at all wavelengths (400–700 nm). While other potential causes cannot be completely ruled out, particle composition and biochemical differences between sampled whiting water, contiguous water, and outside water indicate a biologically precipitated mode of whiting formation. Taxonomic examination of marine phytoplankton samples collected during a whiting event revealed a community dominated by autotrophic picoplankton and a small (<10 μm), centric diatom species, identified as Thalassiosira sp. through the use of scanning electron microscopy. Amorphous to fully formed crystals of CaCO3 were observed along the girdle bands of Thalassiosira sp. cells and autotrophic picoplankton cells. Although carbonate parameters differed from whiting and contiguous to outside water, more sampling is needed to determine if these results are statistically significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2017.07.017","usgsCitation":"Long, J., Hu, C., Robbins, L.L., Byrne, R.H., Paul, J.H., and Wolny, J.L., 2017, Optical and biochemical properties of a southwest Florida whiting event: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 196, p. 258-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.07.017.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"268","ipdsId":"IP-081745","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.07.017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"196","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc5c9e4b0f5d57878eb43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Jacqueline","contributorId":45646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hu, Chaunmin","contributorId":195445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Chaunmin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byrne, Robert H.","contributorId":149366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17720,"text":"College of Marine Science USF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paul, John H.","contributorId":28183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wolny, Jennifer L.","contributorId":195447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolny","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192176,"text":"70192176 - 2017 - Evidence of coupled carbon and iron cycling at a hydrocarbon-contaminated site from time lapse magnetic susceptibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T12:52:24","indexId":"70192176","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of coupled carbon and iron cycling at a hydrocarbon-contaminated site from time lapse magnetic susceptibility","docAbstract":"Conventional characterization and monitoring of hydrocarbon (HC) pollution is often expensive and time-consuming. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) has been proposed as an inexpensive, long-term monitoring proxy of the degradation of HC. We acquired repeated down hole MS logging data in boreholes at a HC-contaminated field research site in Bemidji, MN, USA. The MS data were analyzed in conjunction with redox conditions and iron availability within the source zone to better assess whether MS can serve as a proxy for monitoring HC contamination in unconsolidated sediments. The MS response at the site diminished during the sampling period, which was found to coincide with depletion of solid phase iron in the source zone. Previous geochemical observations and modeling at the site suggest that the most likely cause of the decrease in MS is the transformation of magnetite to siderite, coupled with the exhaustion of ferrihydrite. Although the temporal MS response at this site gives valuable field-scale evidence for changing conditions of iron cycling and stability of iron minerals it does not provide a simple proxy for long-term monitoring of biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the smear zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.7b02155","usgsCitation":"Lund, A.L., Slater, L.D., Atekwana, E.A., Ntarlagiannis, D., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Bekins, B.A., 2017, Evidence of coupled carbon and iron cycling at a hydrocarbon-contaminated site from time lapse magnetic susceptibility: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 51, no. 19, p. 11244-11249, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02155.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11244","endPage":"11249","ipdsId":"IP-089117","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J67FTF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Partial release of iron, alkalinity, and oxygen data from Bemidji crude oil site, Minnesota 1993-2016"},{"id":348272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","volume":"51","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e88ae4b09af898c8cb83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lund, Anders L.","contributorId":197902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lund","given":"Anders","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Lee D.","contributorId":197903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atekwana, Estella A.","contributorId":197904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atekwana","given":"Estella","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios","contributorId":150729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ntarlagiannis","given":"Dimitrios","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192611,"text":"70192611 - 2017 - Novel observations of larval fire survival, feeding behavior, and host plant use in the regal fritillary, Speyeria idalia (Drury) (Nymphalidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T11:28:55","indexId":"70192611","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2557,"text":"Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Novel observations of larval fire survival, feeding behavior, and host plant use in the regal fritillary, Speyeria idalia (Drury) (Nymphalidae)","title":"Novel observations of larval fire survival, feeding behavior, and host plant use in the regal fritillary, Speyeria idalia (Drury) (Nymphalidae)","docAbstract":"Speyeria idalia is a prairie specialist that has experienced dramatic population declines throughout its range. Speyeria idalia is nearly extirpated from the eastern portion of its former range; however, populations within Kansas are relatively stable. We made several previously undescribed field observations of late-instar larvae and post-diapause female S. idalia in northeastern Kansas during 2014–2016. We report finding late-instar larvae at locations that were burned within weeks of detection. The observations of larvae shortly following a burn suggests that S. idalia larvae are capable of surviving fire and contradicts our current knowledge of this species. Additionally, we describe a feeding behavior characteristic of late-instar larvae. Larvae observed in the field and lab stripped leaves of host plants leaving only stems. This strip-style feeding behavior provided unique feeding evidence that was valuable to detecting the presence of larvae in the field. Finally, we documented larvae and post-diapause, egg depositing females using Viola sororia. The use of this relatively widespread and common plant by S. idalia populations in the Central Great Plains has only been implicitly documented but may have important conservation implications. These novel observations further our knowledge of the ecology of this imperiled species and provide timely information that may improve research and conservation management efforts directed toward S. idalia populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Lepidopterists’ Society","doi":"10.18473/lepi.71i3.a4","usgsCitation":"McCullough, K., Albanese, G., and Haukos, D.A., 2017, Novel observations of larval fire survival, feeding behavior, and host plant use in the regal fritillary, Speyeria idalia (Drury) (Nymphalidae): Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, v. 71, no. 3, p. 146-152, https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.71i3.a4.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"152","ipdsId":"IP-083286","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8c9e4b09af898c860ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCullough, Kelsey","contributorId":200244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCullough","given":"Kelsey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albanese, Gene","contributorId":200245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albanese","given":"Gene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192713,"text":"70192713 - 2017 - A suite of standard post-tagging evaluation metrics can help assess tag retention for field-based fish telemetry research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:30:59","indexId":"70192713","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A suite of standard post-tagging evaluation metrics can help assess tag retention for field-based fish telemetry research","docAbstract":"Telemetry can inform many scientific and research questions if a context exists for integrating individual studies into the larger body of literature. Creating cumulative distributions of post-tagging evaluation metrics would allow individual researchers to relate their telemetry data to other studies. Widespread reporting of standard metrics is a precursor to the calculation of benchmarks for these distributions (e.g., mean, SD, 95% CI). Here we illustrate five types of standard post-tagging evaluation metrics using acoustically tagged Blue Catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) released into a Kansas reservoir. These metrics included: (1) percent of tagged fish detected overall, (2) percent of tagged fish detected daily using abacus plot data, (3) average number of (and percent of available) receiver sites visited, (4) date of last movement between receiver sites (and percent of tagged fish moving during that time period), and (5) number (and percent) of fish that egressed through exit gates. These metrics were calculated for one to three time periods: early (<10 d), during (weekly), and at the end of the study (5 months). Over three-quarters of our tagged fish were detected early (85%) and at the end (85%) of the study. Using abacus plot data, all tagged fish (100%) were detected at least one day and 96% were detected for > 5 days early in the study. On average, tagged Blue Catfish visited 9 (50%) and 13 (72%) of 18 within-reservoir receivers early and at the end of the study, respectively. At the end of the study, 73% of all tagged fish were detected moving between receivers. Creating statistical benchmarks for individual metrics can provide useful reference points. In addition, combining multiple metrics can inform ecology and research design. Consequently, individual researchers and the field of telemetry research can benefit from widespread, detailed, and standard reporting of post-tagging detection metrics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11160-017-9484-z","usgsCitation":"Gerber, K.M., Mather, M.E., and Smith, J.M., 2017, A suite of standard post-tagging evaluation metrics can help assess tag retention for field-based fish telemetry research: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 27, no. 3, p. 651-664, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-017-9484-z.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"664","ipdsId":"IP-073195","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425b4e4b0dc0b45b4532b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerber, Kayla M.","contributorId":200178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerber","given":"Kayla","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Joseph M.","contributorId":106712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17855,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194200,"text":"70194200 - 2017 - Structural overshoot of tree growth with climate variability and the global spectrum of drought-induced forest dieback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:17:37","indexId":"70194200","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural overshoot of tree growth with climate variability and the global spectrum of drought-induced forest dieback","docAbstract":"Ongoing climate change poses significant threats to plant function and distribution. Increased temperatures and altered precipitation regimes amplify drought frequency and intensity, elevating plant stress and mortality. Large-scale forest mortality events will have far-reaching impacts on carbon and hydrological cycling, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. However, biogeographical theory and global vegetation models poorly represent recent forest die-off patterns. Furthermore, as trees are sessile and long-lived, their responses to climate extremes are substantially dependent on historical factors. We show that periods of favourable climatic and management conditions that facilitate abundant tree growth can lead to structural overshoot of aboveground tree biomass due to a subsequent temporal mismatch between water demand and availability. When environmental favourability declines, increases in water and temperature stress that are protracted, rapid, or both, drive a gradient of tree structural responses that can modify forest self-thinning relationships. Responses ranging from premature leaf senescence and partial canopy dieback to whole-tree mortality reduce canopy leaf area during the stress period and for a lagged recovery window thereafter. Such temporal mismatches of water requirements from availability can occur at local to regional scales throughout a species geographical range. As climate change projections predict large future fluctuations in both wet and dry conditions, we expect forests to become increasingly structurally mismatched to water availability and thus overbuilt during more stressful episodes. By accounting for the historical context of biomass development, our approach can explain previously problematic aspects of large-scale forest mortality, such as why it can occur throughout the range of a species and yet still be locally highly variable, and why some events seem readily attributable to an ongoing drought while others do not. This refined understanding can facilitate better projections of structural overshoot responses, enabling improved prediction of changes in forest distribution and function from regional to global scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13636","usgsCitation":"Jump, A.S., Ruiz-Benito, P., Greenwood, S., Allen, C.D., Kitzberger, T., Fensham, R., Martinez-Vilalta, J., and Lloret, F., 2017, Structural overshoot of tree growth with climate variability and the global spectrum of drought-induced forest dieback: Global Change Biology, v. 23, no. 9, p. 3742-3757, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13636.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3742","endPage":"3757","ipdsId":"IP-080197","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/58501","text":"External Repository"},{"id":349076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb5ce4b06e28e9c22fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jump, Alistair S.","contributorId":200547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jump","given":"Alistair","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz-Benito, Paloma","contributorId":200538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz-Benito","given":"Paloma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, Sarah","contributorId":200537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenwood","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitzberger, Thomas","contributorId":181980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kitzberger","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fensham, Rod","contributorId":200542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fensham","given":"Rod","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi","contributorId":200548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Vilalta","given":"Jordi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lloret, Francisco","contributorId":181986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lloret","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70194205,"text":"70194205 - 2017 - Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T11:46:31","indexId":"70194205","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species","docAbstract":"Ecotoxicological studies have provided extensive insights into the lethal and sublethal effects of environmental contaminants. These insights are critical for environmental regulatory frameworks, which rely on knowledge of toxicity for developing policies to manage contaminants. While varied approaches have been applied to ecotoxicological questions, perspectives related to the evolutionary history of focal species or populations have received little consideration. Here, we evaluate chloride toxicity from the perspectives of both macroevolution and contemporary evolution. First, by mapping chloride toxicity values derived from the literature onto a phylogeny of macroinvertebrates, fish, and amphibians, we tested whether macroevolutionary relationships across species and taxa are predictive of chloride tolerance. Next, we conducted chloride exposure tests for two amphibian species to assess whether potential contemporary evolutionary change associated with environmental chloride contamination influences chloride tolerance across local populations. We show that explicitly evaluating both macroevolution and contemporary evolution can provide important and even qualitatively different insights from those obtained via traditional ecotoxicological studies. While macroevolutionary perspectives can help forecast toxicological end points for species with untested sensitivities, contemporary evolutionary perspectives demonstrate the need to consider the environmental context of exposed populations when measuring toxicity. Accounting for divergence among populations of interest can provide more accurate and relevant information related to the sensitivity of populations that may be evolving in response to selection from contaminant exposure. Our data show that approaches accounting for and specifically examining variation among natural populations should become standard practice in ecotoxicology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.12507","usgsCitation":"Brady, S., Richardson, J.L., and Kunz, B.K., 2017, Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species: Evolutionary Applications, v. 10, no. 8, p. 829-838, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12507.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"838","ipdsId":"IP-083753","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12507","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb5ce4b06e28e9c22fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Steven P.","contributorId":200559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brady","given":"Steven P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, Jonathan L.","contributorId":200560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunz, Bethany K. 0000-0002-7193-9336 bkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-9336","contributorId":3798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"Bethany","email":"bkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196118,"text":"70196118 - 2017 - Using remote sensing to characterize and compare evapotranspiration from different irrigation regimes in the Smith River Watershed of central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T09:51:57","indexId":"70196118","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5656,"text":"Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using remote sensing to characterize and compare evapotranspiration from different irrigation regimes in the Smith River Watershed of central Montana","docAbstract":"According to the 2005 U.S. Geological Survey national water use compilation, irrigation is the second largest use of fresh water in the United States, accounting for 37%, or 484.48 million cubic meters per day, of total freshwater withdrawal. Accurately estimating the amount of water withdrawals and actual consumptive water use (the difference between water withdrawals and return flow) for irrigation at a regional scale is difficult. Remote sensing methods make it possible to compare actual ET (ETa) rates which can serve as a proxy for consumptive water use from different irrigation regimes at a regional scale in a systematic manner. This study investigates crucial components of water use from irrigation such as the difference of ETa rates from flood- and sprinkler-irrigated fields, spatial variability of ETa within a watershed, and the effect of sprinkler irrigation on the water budget of the study area. The mean accumulated ETa depth for the 1,051 square kilometer study area within the upper Smith River watershed was about 467 mm 30-meter per pixel for the 2007 growing season (April through mid-October). The total accumulated volume of ETa for the study area was about 474.705 million cubic meters. The mean accumulated ETa depth from sprinkler-irrigated land was about 687 mm and from flood-irrigated land was about 621 mm from flood-irrigated land. On average, the ETa rate from sprinkler-irrigated fields was 0.25 mm per day higher than flood-irrigated fields over the growing season. Spatial analysis showed that ETa rates within individual fields of a single crop type that are irrigated with a single method (sprinkler or flood) can vary up to about 8 mm per day. It was estimated that the amount of sprinkler irrigation in 2007 accounted for approximately 3% of the total volume of ETa in the study area. When compared to non-irrigated dryland, sprinkler irrigation increases ETa by about 59 to 82% per unit area.
","language":"English","publisher":"OMICS International","doi":"10.4172/2168-9768.1000188","usgsCitation":"Sando, R., Caldwell, R.R., and Blasch, K.W., 2017, Using remote sensing to characterize and compare evapotranspiration from different irrigation regimes in the Smith River Watershed of central Montana: Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering, v. 6, no. 2, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9768.1000188.","productDescription":"Article 1000188; 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-064076","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9768.1000188","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Smith River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.456298828125,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -110.54443359375,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -110.54443359375,\n 46.82731489926434\n ],\n [\n -111.456298828125,\n 46.82731489926434\n ],\n [\n -111.456298828125,\n 46.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee804e4b0da30c1bfc3cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":3874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195972,"text":"70195972 - 2017 - Application and evaluation of a rapid response earthquake-triggered landslide model to the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T16:23:33","indexId":"70195972","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Application and evaluation of a rapid response earthquake-triggered landslide model to the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal","title":"Application and evaluation of a rapid response earthquake-triggered landslide model to the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal","docAbstract":"The 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake produced strong ground motions across an approximately 250 km by 100 km swath in central Nepal. To assist disaster response activities, we modified an existing earthquake-triggered landslide model based on a Newmark sliding block analysis to estimate the extent and intensity of landsliding and landslide dam hazard. Landslide hazard maps were produced using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital topography, peak ground acceleration (PGA) information from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap program, and assumptions about the regional rock strength based on end-member values from previous studies. The instrumental record of seismicity in Nepal is poor, so PGA estimates were based on empirical Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) constrained by teleseismic data and felt reports. We demonstrate a non-linear dependence of modeled landsliding on aggregate rock strength, where the number of landslides decreases exponentially with increasing rock strength. Model estimates are less sensitive to PGA at steep slopes (> 60°) compared to moderate slopes (30–60°). We compare forward model results to an inventory of landslides triggered by the Gorkha earthquake. We show that moderate rock strength inputs over estimate landsliding in regions beyond the main slip patch, which may in part be related to poorly constrained PGA estimates for this event at far distances from the source area. Directly above the main slip patch, however, the moderate strength model accurately estimates the total number of landslides within the resolution of the model (landslides ≥ 0.0162 km2; observed n = 2214, modeled n = 2987), but the pattern of landsliding differs from observations. This discrepancy is likely due to the unaccounted for effects of variable material strength and local topographic amplification of strong ground motion, as well as other simplifying assumptions about source characteristics and their relationship to landsliding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2016.10.031","usgsCitation":"Gallen, S.F., Clark, M., Godt, J.W., Roback, K., and Niemi, N., 2017, Application and evaluation of a rapid response earthquake-triggered landslide model to the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal: Tectonophysics, v. 714-715, p. 173-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.10.031.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"187","ipdsId":"IP-078904","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.10.031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Nepal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 84.53979492187499,\n 26.46073804319089\n ],\n [\n 86.98974609375,\n 26.46073804319089\n ],\n [\n 86.98974609375,\n 28.719496107557465\n ],\n [\n 84.53979492187499,\n 28.719496107557465\n ],\n [\n 84.53979492187499,\n 26.46073804319089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"714-715","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee804e4b0da30c1bfc3ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallen, Sean F.","contributorId":139683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallen","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12879,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Marin K.","contributorId":139684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Marin K.","affiliations":[{"id":12879,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roback, Kevin","contributorId":200288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roback","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Niemi, Nathan A","contributorId":203251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemi","given":"Nathan A","affiliations":[{"id":36590,"text":"Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194202,"text":"70194202 - 2017 - Visitor spending effects: assessing and showcasing America's investment in national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:11:54","indexId":"70194202","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2472,"text":"Journal of Sustainable Tourism","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visitor spending effects: assessing and showcasing America's investment in national parks","docAbstract":"This paper provides an overview of the evolution, future, and global applicability of the U.S. National Park Service's (NPS) visitor spending effects framework and discusses the methods used to effectively communicate the economic return on investment in America's national parks. The 417 parks represent many of America's most iconic destinations: in 2016, they received a record 331 million visits. Competing federal budgetary demands necessitate that, in addition to meeting their mission to preserve unimpaired natural and cultural resources for the enjoyment of the people, parks also assess and showcase their contributions to the economic vitality of their regions and the nation. Key approaches explained include the original Money Generation Model (MGM) from 1990, MGM2 used from 2001, and the visitor spending effects model which replaced MGM2 in 2012. Detailed discussion explains the NPS's visitor use statistics system, the formal program for collecting, compiling, and reporting visitor use data. The NPS is now establishing a formal socioeconomic monitoring (SEM) program to provide a standard visitor survey instrument and a long-term, systematic sampling design for in-park visitor surveys. The pilot SEM survey is discussed, along with the need for international standardization of research methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/09669582.2017.1374600","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., Cullinane Thomas, C., Ziesler, P., Olson, J., and Meldrum, B., 2017, Visitor spending effects: assessing and showcasing America's investment in national parks: Journal of Sustainable Tourism, v. 25, no. 12, p. 1865-1876, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1374600.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1865","endPage":"1876","ipdsId":"IP-090089","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb5ce4b06e28e9c22fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cullinane Thomas, Catherine 0000-0001-8168-1271 ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-1271","contributorId":141097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullinane Thomas","given":"Catherine","email":"ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziesler, Pamela","contributorId":200550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ziesler","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, Jeffrey","contributorId":200551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meldrum, Bret","contributorId":200552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meldrum","given":"Bret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195153,"text":"70195153 - 2017 - Soil microbial community composition is correlated to soil carbon processing along a boreal wetland formation gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T15:33:10","indexId":"70195153","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5619,"text":"European Journal of Soil Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil microbial community composition is correlated to soil carbon processing along a boreal wetland formation gradient","docAbstract":"Climate change is modifying global biogeochemical cycles. Microbial communities play an integral role in soil biogeochemical cycles; knowledge about microbial composition helps provide a mechanistic understanding of these ecosystem-level phenomena. Next generation sequencing approaches were used to investigate changes in microbial functional groups during ecosystem development, in response to climate change, in northern boreal wetlands. A gradient of wetlands that developed following permafrost degradation was used to characterize changes in the soil microbial communities that mediate C cycling: a bog representing an “undisturbed” system with intact permafrost, and a younger bog and an older bog that formed following the disturbance of permafrost thaw. Reference 16S rRNA databases and several diversity indices were used to assess structural differences among these communities, to assess relationships between soil microbial community composition and various environmental variables including redox potential and pH. Rates of potential CO2 and CH4 gas production were quantified to correlate sequence data with gas flux. The abundance of organic C degraders was highest in the youngest bog, suggesting higher rates of microbial processes, including potential CH4 production. In addition, alpha diversity was also highest in the youngest bog, which seemed to be related to a more neutral pH and a lower redox potential. These results could potentially be driven by increased niche differentiation in anaerobic soils. These results suggest that ecosystem structure, which was largely driven by changes in edaphic and plant community characteristics between the “undisturbed” permafrost bog and the two bogs formed following permafrost thaw, strongly influenced microbial function.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.08.001","usgsCitation":"Chapman, E., Cadillo-Quiroz, H., Childers, D.L., Turetsky, M.R., and Waldrop, M.P., 2017, Soil microbial community composition is correlated to soil carbon processing along a boreal wetland formation gradient: European Journal of Soil Biology, v. 82, p. 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.08.001.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-075502","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.08.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":351296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7c1e7be4b00f54eb229345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Eric","contributorId":201935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Eric","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby","contributorId":201936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cadillo-Quiroz","given":"Hinsby","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childers, Daniel L.","contributorId":201937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childers","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt R.","contributorId":169398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark P. 0000-0003-1829-7140 mwaldrop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":1599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","email":"mwaldrop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192142,"text":"70192142 - 2017 - Interactive effects of deer exclusion and exotic plant removal on deciduous forest understory communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T12:34:45","indexId":"70192142","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5538,"text":"AoB PLANTS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of deer exclusion and exotic plant removal on deciduous forest understory communities","docAbstract":"Mammalian herbivory and exotic plant species interactions are an important ongoing research topic, due to their presumed impacts on native biodiversity. The extent to which these interactions affect forest understory plant community composition and persistence was the subject of our study. We conducted a 5-year, 2 × 2 factorial experiment in three mid-Atlantic US deciduous forests with high densities of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and exotic understory plants. We predicted: (i) only deer exclusion and exotic plant removal in tandem would increase native plant species metrics; and (ii) deer exclusion alone would decrease exotic plant abundance over time. Treatments combining exotic invasive plant removal and deer exclusion for plots with high initial cover, while not differing from fenced or exotic removal only plots, were the only ones to exhibit positive richness responses by native herbaceous plants compared to control plots. Woody seedling metrics were not affected by any treatments. Deer exclusion caused significant increases in abundance and richness of native woody species >30 cm in height. Abundance changes in two focal members of the native sapling community showed that oaks (Quercus spp.) increased only with combined exotic removal and deer exclusion, while shade-tolerant maples (Acer spp.) showed no changes. We also found significant declines in invasive Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) abundance in deer-excluded plots. Our study demonstrates alien invasive plants and deer impact different components and life-history stages of the forest plant community, and controlling both is needed to enhance understory richness and abundance. Alien plant removal combined with deer exclusion will most benefit native herbaceous species richness under high invasive cover conditions while neither action may impact native woody seedlings. For larger native woody species, only deer exclusion is needed for such increases. Deer exclusion directly facilitated declines in invasive species abundance. Resource managers should consider addressing both factors to achieve their forest management goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plx046","usgsCitation":"Bourg, N., McShea, W.J., Herrmann, V., and Stewart, C.M., 2017, Interactive effects of deer exclusion and exotic plant removal on deciduous forest understory communities: AoB PLANTS, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plx046.","productDescription":"plx046; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-086985","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plx046","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","volume":"9","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e88be4b09af898c8cb87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bourg, Norman 0000-0002-7443-1992 nbourg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-1992","contributorId":197809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourg","given":"Norman","email":"nbourg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McShea, William J.","contributorId":197834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McShea","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrmann, Valentine","contributorId":181782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Valentine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Chad M.","contributorId":197857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190580,"text":"70190580 - 2017 - Abundant carbon in the mantle beneath Hawai`i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T15:56:45","indexId":"70190580","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundant carbon in the mantle beneath Hawai`i","docAbstract":"Estimates of carbon concentrations in Earth’s mantle vary over more than an order of magnitude, hindering our ability to understand mantle structure and mineralogy, partial melting, and the carbon cycle. CO2 concentrations in mantle-derived magmas supplying hotspot ocean island volcanoes yield our most direct constraints on mantle carbon, but are extensively modified by degassing during ascent. Here we show that undegassed magmatic and mantle carbon concentrations may be estimated in a Bayesian framework using diverse geologic information at an ocean island volcano. Our CO2 concentration estimates do not rely upon complex degassing models, geochemical tracer elements, assumed magma supply rates, or rare undegassed rock samples. Rather, we couple volcanic CO2 emission rates with probabilistic magma supply rates, which are obtained indirectly from magma storage and eruption rates. We estimate that the CO2content of mantle-derived magma supplying Hawai‘i’s active volcanoes is 0.97−0.19+0.25 wt%—roughly 40% higher than previously believed—and is supplied from a mantle source region with a carbon concentration of 263−62+81 ppm. Our results suggest that mantle plumes and ocean island basalts are carbon-rich. Our data also shed light on helium isotope abundances, CO2/Nb ratios, and may imply higher CO2 emission rates from ocean island volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo3007","usgsCitation":"Anderson, K.R., and Poland, M.P., 2017, Abundant carbon in the mantle beneath Hawai`i: Nature Geoscience, v. 10, p. 704-708, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3007.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"708","ipdsId":"IP-082423","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.2530517578125,\n 18.906286495910905\n ],\n [\n -154.7698974609375,\n 18.906286495910905\n ],\n [\n -154.7698974609375,\n 20.287961155077717\n ],\n [\n -156.2530517578125,\n 20.287961155077717\n ],\n [\n -156.2530517578125,\n 18.906286495910905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b3ac32e4b08b1644d8f1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Kyle R. 0000-0001-8041-3996 kranderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-3996","contributorId":3522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kyle","email":"kranderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190690,"text":"70190690 - 2017 - Geomorphic responses to dam removal in the United States – a two-decade perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T14:53:16","indexId":"70190690","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geomorphic responses to dam removal in the United States – a two-decade perspective","docAbstract":"Recent decades have seen a marked increase in the number of dams removed in the United States. Investigations following a number of removals are beginning to inform how, and how fast, rivers and their ecosystems respond to released sediment. Though only a few tens of studies detail physical responses to removals, common findings have begun to emerge. They include: (1) Rivers are resilient and respond quickly to dam removals, especially when removals are sudden rather than prolonged. Rivers can swiftly evacuate large fractions of reservoir sediment (≥50% within one year), especially when sediment is coarse grained (sand and gravel). The channel downstream typically takes months to years—not decades—to achieve a degree of stability within its range of natural variability. (2) Modest streamflows (<2-year return interval flows) can erode and transport large amounts of reservoir sediment. Greater streamflows commonly are needed to access remnant reservoir sediment and transport it downstream. (3) Dam height, sediment volume, and sediment caliber strongly influence downstream response to dam removal. Removals of large dams (≥10 m tall) have had longer-lasting and more widespread downstream effects than more common removals of small dams. (4) Downstream valley morphology and position of a dam within a watershed influence the distribution of released sediment. Valley confinement, downstream channel gradient, locations and depths of channel pools, locations and geometries of extant channel bars, and locations of other reservoirs all influence the downstream fate of released sediment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gravel bed rivers: Processes and disasters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781118971437.ch13","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., East, A.E., O'Connor, J., Grant, G., Wilcox, A.C., Magirl, C.S., Collins, M.J., and Tullos, D.D., 2017, Geomorphic responses to dam removal in the United States – a two-decade perspective, chap. of Gravel bed rivers: Processes and disasters, p. 355-383, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118971437.ch13.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"383","ipdsId":"IP-061134","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ba43b8e4b091459a5629b3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tsutsumi, Daizo","contributorId":196410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsutsumi","given":"Daizo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710273,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laronne, Jonathan B.","contributorId":91207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laronne","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710274,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grant, Gordon E.","contributorId":30881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilcox, Andrew C. 0000-0002-6241-8977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-8977","contributorId":195613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collins, Matthias J. 0000-0003-4238-2038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-2038","contributorId":196365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Matthias","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tullos, Desiree D.","contributorId":176667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tullos","given":"Desiree","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70190960,"text":"70190960 - 2017 - Mathematical models for plant-herbivore interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:26:15","indexId":"70190960","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Mathematical models for plant-herbivore interactions","docAbstract":"Mathematical Models of Plant-Herbivore Interactions addresses mathematical models in the study of practical questions in ecology, particularly factors that affect herbivory, including plant defense, herbivore natural enemies, and adaptive herbivory, as well as the effects of these on plant community dynamics.
The result of extensive research on the use of mathematical modeling to investigate the effects of plant defenses on plant-herbivore dynamics, this book describes a toxin-determined functional response model (TDFRM) that helps explains field observations of these interactions.
This book is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in mathematical biology and ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"9781498769174","usgsCitation":"Feng, Z., and DeAngelis, D., 2017, Mathematical models for plant-herbivore interactions, 231 p.","productDescription":"231 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086020","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345870,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Mathematical-Models-of-Plant-Herbivore-Interactions/Feng-DeAngelis/p/book/9781498769174"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c22cb4e4b091459a61b73a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Zhilan","contributorId":196558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feng","given":"Zhilan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":127811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190579,"text":"70190579 - 2017 - Carbon dynamics of river corridors and the effects of human alterations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T12:02:44","indexId":"70190579","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dynamics of river corridors and the effects of human alterations","docAbstract":"Research in stream metabolism, gas exchange, and sediment dynamics indicates that rivers are an active component of the global carbon cycle and that river form and process can influence partitioning of terrestrially derived carbon among the atmosphere, geosphere, and ocean. Here we develop a conceptual model of carbon dynamics (inputs, outputs, and storage of organic carbon) within a river corridor, which includes the active channel and the riparian zone. The exchange of carbon from the channel to the riparian zone represents potential for storage of transported carbon not included in the “active pipe” model of organic carbon (OC) dynamics in freshwater systems. The active pipe model recognizes that river processes influence carbon dynamics, but focuses on CO2 emissions from the channel and eventual delivery to the ocean. We also review how human activities directly and indirectly alter carbon dynamics within river corridors. We propose that dams create the most significant alteration of carbon dynamics within a channel, but that alteration of riparian zones, including the reduction of lateral connectivity between the channel and riparian zone, constitutes the most substantial change of carbon dynamics in river corridors. We argue that the morphology and processes of a river corridor regulate the ability to store, transform, and transport OC, and that people are pervasive modifiers of river morphology and processes. The net effect of most human activities, with the notable exception of reservoir construction, appears to be that of reducing the ability of river corridors to store OC within biota and sediment, which effectively converts river corridors to OC sources rather than OC sinks. We conclude by summarizing knowledge gaps in OC dynamics and the implications of our findings for managing OC dynamics within river corridors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1261","usgsCitation":"Wohl, E., Hall, R., Lininger, K.B., Sutfin, N.A., and Walters, D., 2017, Carbon dynamics of river corridors and the effects of human alterations: Ecological Monographs, v. 87, no. 3, p. 379-409, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1261.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"409","ipdsId":"IP-073745","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1406212","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b3ac33e4b08b1644d8f1bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wohl, Ellen 0000-0001-7435-5013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-5013","contributorId":194945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wohl","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Robert O. Jr.","contributorId":104182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert O.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lininger, Katherine B. 0000-0003-0378-9505","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-9505","contributorId":194946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lininger","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutfin, Nicholas A.","contributorId":196280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutfin","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walters, David 0000-0002-4237-2158 waltersd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":147135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","email":"waltersd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192635,"text":"70192635 - 2017 - Linkages and feedbacks in orogenic systems: An introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T12:52:12","indexId":"70192635","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Linkages and feedbacks in orogenic systems: An introduction","docAbstract":"Orogenic processes operate at scales ranging from the lithosphere to grain-scale, and are inexorably linked. For example, in many orogens, fault and shear zone architecture controls distribution of heat advection along faults and also acts as the primary mechanism for redistribution of heat-producing material. This sets up the thermal structure of the orogen, which in turn controls lithospheric rheology, the nature and distribution of deformation and strain localization, and ultimately, through localized mechanical strengthening and weakening, the fundamental shape of the developing orogenic wedge (Fig. 1). Strain localization establishes shear zone and fault geometry, and it is the motion on these structures, in conjunction with climate, that often focuses erosional and exhumational processes. This climatic focusing effect can even drive development of asymmetry at the scale of the entire wedge (Willett et al., 1993).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Linkages and feedbacks in orogenic systems","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2017.1213(00)","usgsCitation":"Thigpen, J.R., Law, R.D., Merschat, A.J., and Stowell, H., 2017, Linkages and feedbacks in orogenic systems: An introduction, chap. of Linkages and feedbacks in orogenic systems, v. 213, p. vii-xv, https://doi.org/10.1130/2017.1213(00).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"vii","endPage":"xv","ipdsId":"IP-086625","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347522,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1863/chapter/113742424/linkages-and-feedbacks-in-orogenic-systems-an"}],"volume":"213","edition":"213","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee804e4b0da30c1bfc3dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thigpen, J. Ryan","contributorId":173115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thigpen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Law, Richard D.","contributorId":198639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Law","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merschat, Arthur J. 0000-0002-9314-4067 amerschat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-4067","contributorId":4556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merschat","given":"Arthur","email":"amerschat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stowell, Harold","contributorId":198640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stowell","given":"Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193005,"text":"70193005 - 2017 - Diel variation in detection and vocalization rates of king (Rallus elegans) and clapper (Rallus crepitans) rails in intracoastal waterways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:45:09","indexId":"70193005","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Diel variation in detection and vocalization rates of king (Rallus elegans) and clapper (Rallus crepitans) rails in intracoastal waterways","title":"Diel variation in detection and vocalization rates of king (Rallus elegans) and clapper (Rallus crepitans) rails in intracoastal waterways","docAbstract":"Surveys for secretive marsh birds could be improved with refinements to address regional and species-specific variation in detection probabilities and optimal times of day to survey. Diel variation in relation to naïve occupancy, detection rates, and vocalization rates of King (Rallus elegans) and Clapper (R. crepitans) rails were studied in intracoastal waterways in Virginia, USA. Autonomous acoustic devices recorded vocalizations of King and Clapper rails at 75 locations for 48-hr periods within a marsh complex. Naïve King and Clapper rail occupancy did not vary hourly at either the marsh or the study area level. Combined King and Clapper rail detections and vocalizations varied across marshes, decreased as the sampling season progressed, and, for detections, was greatest during low rising tides (P < 0.01). Hourly variation in vocalization and detection rates did not show a pattern but occurred between 7.8% of pairwise comparisons for detections and 10.5% of pairwise comparisons for vocalizations (P < 0.01). Higher rates of detections and vocalizations occurred during the hours of 00:00–00:59, 05:00–05:59, 14:00–15:59, and lower rates during the hours of 07:00–09:59. Although statistically significant, because there were no patterns in these hourly differences, they may not be biologically relevant and are of little use to management. In fact, these findings demonstrate that surveys for King and Clapper rails in Virginia intracoastal waterways may be effectively conducted throughout the day.","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.040.0307","usgsCitation":"Stiffler, L.L., Anderson, J.T., Welsh, A.B., Harding, S.R., Costanzo, G.R., and Katzner, T., 2017, Diel variation in detection and vocalization rates of king (Rallus elegans) and clapper (Rallus crepitans) rails in intracoastal waterways: Waterbirds, v. 40, no. 3, p. 263-271, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.040.0307.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"271","ipdsId":"IP-082121","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.040.0307","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Pamunkey River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.94137573242188,\n 37.507002385534385\n ],\n [\n -76.80061340332031,\n 37.507002385534385\n ],\n [\n -76.80061340332031,\n 37.59301558619924\n ],\n [\n -76.94137573242188,\n 37.59301558619924\n ],\n [\n -76.94137573242188,\n 37.507002385534385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd20e4b0531197b13c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stiffler, Lydia L.","contributorId":198904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiffler","given":"Lydia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welsh, Amy B.","contributorId":192239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welsh","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, Sergio R.","contributorId":198906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Costanzo, Gary R.","contributorId":198907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costanzo","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191712,"text":"70191712 - 2017 - Viscoelastic lower crust and mantle relaxation following the 14–16 April 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T10:42:22","indexId":"70191712","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viscoelastic lower crust and mantle relaxation following the 14–16 April 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"The 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake sequence, culminating in the Mw=7.0 16 April 2016 main shock, occurred within an active tectonic belt of central Kyushu. GPS data from GEONET reveal transient crustal motions from several millimeters per year up to ∼3 cm/yr during the first 8.5 months following the sequence. The spatial pattern of horizontal postseismic motions is shaped by both shallow afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle. We construct a suite of 2-D regional viscoelastic structures in order to derive an optimal joint afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation model using forward modeling of the viscoelastic relaxation. We find that afterslip dominates the postseismic relaxation in the near field (within 30 km of the main shock epicenter), while viscoelastic relaxation dominates at greater distance. The viscoelastic modeling strongly favors a very weak lower crust below a ∼65 km wide zone coinciding with the Beppu-Shimabara graben and the locus of central Kyushu volcanism. Inferred uppermost mantle viscosity is relatively low beneath southern Kyushu, consistent with independent inferences of a hydrated mantle wedge within the Nankai trough fore -arc.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017GL074783","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Kobayashi, T., Yarai, H., Shibazaki, B., and Matsumoto, T., 2017, Viscoelastic lower crust and mantle relaxation following the 14–16 April 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake sequence: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 17, p. 8795-8803, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074783.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"8795","endPage":"8803","ipdsId":"IP-088335","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","city":"Kumamoto","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 130,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n 132,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n 132,\n 34\n ],\n [\n 130,\n 34\n ],\n [\n 130,\n 31.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a4e4b0220bbd9d9f42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kobayashi, Tomokazu","contributorId":197291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kobayashi","given":"Tomokazu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yarai, Hiroshi","contributorId":197292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yarai","given":"Hiroshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shibazaki, Bunichiro","contributorId":197293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shibazaki","given":"Bunichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matsumoto, Takumi","contributorId":197294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"Takumi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191229,"text":"70191229 - 2017 - Climate change-driven cliff and beach evolution at decadal to centennial time scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-03T13:13:08","indexId":"70191229","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Climate change-driven cliff and beach evolution at decadal to centennial time scales","docAbstract":"Here we develop a computationally efficient method that evolves cross-shore profiles of sand beaches with or without cliffs along natural and urban coastal environments and across expansive geographic areas at decadal to centennial time-scales driven by 21st century climate change projections. The model requires projected sea level rise rates, extrema of nearshore wave conditions, bluff recession and shoreline change rates, and cross-shore profiles representing present-day conditions. The model is applied to the ~470-km long coast of the Southern California Bight, USA, using recently available projected nearshore waves and bluff recession and shoreline change rates. The results indicate that eroded cliff material, from unarmored cliffs, contribute 11% to 26% to the total sediment budget. Historical beach nourishment rates will need to increase by more than 30% for a 0.25 m sea level rise (~2044) and by at least 75% by the year 2100 for a 1 m sea level rise, if evolution of the shoreline is to keep pace with rising sea levels.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings Coastal Dynamics 2017","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Dynamics 2017","conferenceDate":"June 12-16, 2017","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Dynamics 2017","publisherLocation":"Helsingør, Denmark","usgsCitation":"Erikson, L.H., O'Neill, A., Barnard, P., Vitousek, S., and Limber, P.W., 2017, Climate change-driven cliff and beach evolution at decadal to centennial time scales, in Proceedings Coastal Dynamics 2017, June 12-16, 2017, p. 125-136.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"136","ipdsId":"IP-086484","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346296,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coastaldynamics2017.dk/proceedings.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d4a1a6e4b05fe04cc4e0ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Neill, Andrea C. 0000-0003-1656-4372 aoneill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-4372","contributorId":5351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Neill","given":"Andrea C.","email":"aoneill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean","contributorId":190192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Limber, Patrick W. 0000-0002-8207-3750 plimber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-3750","contributorId":196794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limber","given":"Patrick","email":"plimber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70190682,"text":"70190682 - 2017 - Contact and contagion: Probability of transmission given contact varies with demographic state in bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T11:56:22","indexId":"70190682","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contact and contagion: Probability of transmission given contact varies with demographic state in bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"Ion microprobe U-Pb zircon rim ages from 39 samples from across the accreted terranes of the central Blue Ridge, eastward across the Inner Piedmont, delimit the timing and spatial extent of superposed metamorphism in the southern Appalachian orogen. Metamorphic zircon rims are 10–40 µm wide, mostly unzoned, and dark gray to black or bright white in cathodoluminescence, and truncate and/or embay interior oscillatory zoning. Black unzoned and rounded or ovoid-shaped metamorphic zircon morphologies also occur. Th/U values range from 0.01 to 1.4, with the majority of ratios less than 0.1. Results of 206Pb/238U ages, ±2% discordant, range from 481 to 305 Ma. Clustering within these data reveals that the Blue Ridge and Inner Piedmont terranes were affected by three tectonothermal events: (1) 462–448 Ma (Taconic); (2) 395–340 Ma (Acadian and Neoacadian); and (3) 335–322 Ma, related to the early phase of the Alleghanian orogeny. By combining zircon rim ages with metamorphic isograds and other published isotopic ages, we identify the thermal architecture of the southern Appalachian orogen: juxtaposed and superposed metamorphic domains have younger ages to the east related to the marginward addition of terranes, and these domains can serve as a proxy to delimit terrane accretion. Most 462–448 Ma ages occur in the western and central Blue Ridge and define a continuous progression from greenschist to granulite facies that identifies the intact Taconic core. The extent of 462–448 Ma metamorphism indicates that the central Blue Ridge and Tugaloo terranes were accreted to the western Blue Ridge during the Taconic orogeny. Zircon rim ages in the Inner Piedmont span almost 100 m.y., with peaks at 395–385, 376–340, and 335–322 Ma, and delimit the Acadian-Neoacadian and Alleghanian metamorphic core. The timing and distribution of metamorphism in the Inner Piedmont are consistent with the Devonian to Mississippian oblique collision of the Carolina superterrane, followed by an early phase of Alleghanian metamorphism at 335–322 Ma (temperature >500 °C). The eastern Blue Ridge contains evidence of three possible tectonothermal events: ~460 Ma, 376–340 Ma, and ~335 Ma. All of the crystalline terranes of the Blue Ridge–Piedmont megathrust sheet were affected by Alleghanian metamorphism and deformation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Linkages and feedbacks in orogenic systems","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2017.1213(10)","usgsCitation":"Merschat, A.J., Bream, B.R., Huebner, M.T., Hatcher, R., and Miller, C.F., 2017, Temporal and spatial distribution of Paleozoic metamorphism in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge and Inner Piedmont delimited by ion microprobe U-Pb ages of metamorphic zircon, chap. of Linkages and feedbacks in orogenic systems, v. 213, p. 199-254, https://doi.org/10.1130/2017.1213(10).","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"254","ipdsId":"IP-079608","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"213","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee804e4b0da30c1bfc3da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merschat, Arthur J. 0000-0002-9314-4067 amerschat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-4067","contributorId":4556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merschat","given":"Arthur","email":"amerschat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bream, Brendan R.","contributorId":198641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bream","given":"Brendan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huebner, Matthew T.","contributorId":191401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huebner","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatcher, Robert D.","contributorId":178197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Robert D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Calvin F.","contributorId":198642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70190689,"text":"70190689 - 2017 - The geologic, geomorphic, and hydrologic context underlying options for long-term management of the Spirit Lake outlet near Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T09:56:03","indexId":"70190689","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"PNW-GTR-954","title":"The geologic, geomorphic, and hydrologic context underlying options for long-term management of the Spirit Lake outlet near Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens produced a massive landslide and consequent pyroclastic currents, deposits of which blocked the outlet to Spirit Lake. Without an outlet, the lake began to rise, threatening a breaching of the blockage and release of a massive volume of water. To mitigate the hazard posed by the rising lake and provide an outlet, in 1984–1985 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers bored a 2.6-km (8,500-ft) long tunnel through a bedrock ridge on the western edge of the lake. Locally, the tunnel crosses weak rock along faults, and external pressures in these weak zones have caused rock heave and support failures, which have necessitated periodic major repairs. During its more than 30-year lifetime, the tunnel has maintained the level of Spirit Lake at a safe elevation. The lake approaches its maximum safe operating level only when the tunnel closes for repair. The most recent major repair in early 2016 highlights the need for a reliable outlet that does not require repeated and expensive interventions and extended closures. The U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and U.S. Geological Survey developed, reviewed, and analyzed an array of options for a long-term plan to remove the threat of catastrophic failure of the tunnel. In this report, we (1) provide background on natural hazards that can affect existing and alternative infrastructure; (2) evaluate the potential for tunnel failure and consequent breaching of the blockage posed by the current tunnel infrastructure; (3) evaluate potential consequences to downstream communities and infrastructure in the event of a catastrophic breaching of the blockage; (4) evaluate potential risks associated with alternative lake outlets; and (5) identify data and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to fully evaluate options available to management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Grant, G., Major, J.J., and Lewis, S.L., 2017, The geologic, geomorphic, and hydrologic context underlying options for long-term management of the Spirit Lake outlet near Mount St. Helens, Washington: General Technical Report PNW-GTR-954, xi, 151 p.","productDescription":"xi, 151 p.","numberOfPages":"166","ipdsId":"IP-079716","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345658,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/54429"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens, Spirit Lake Outlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.35748291015625,\n 46.13179086435745\n ],\n [\n -122.0416259765625,\n 46.13179086435745\n ],\n [\n -122.0416259765625,\n 46.319429593412906\n ],\n [\n -122.35748291015625,\n 46.319429593412906\n ],\n [\n -122.35748291015625,\n 46.13179086435745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ba43b9e4b091459a5629b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Gordon E.","contributorId":30881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, Sarah L. 0000-0002-1824-8739","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-8739","contributorId":196363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193047,"text":"70193047 - 2017 - Evaluation of simple geochemical indicators of aeolian sand provenance: Late Quaternary dune fields of North America revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T19:13:50","indexId":"70193047","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of simple geochemical indicators of aeolian sand provenance: Late Quaternary dune fields of North America revisited","docAbstract":"Dune fields of Quaternary age occupy large areas of the world's arid and semiarid regions. Despite this, there has been surprisingly little work done on understanding dune sediment provenance, in part because many techniques are time-consuming, prone to operator error, experimental, highly specialized, expensive, or require sophisticated instrumentation. Provenance of dune sand using K/Rb and K/Ba values in K-feldspar in aeolian sands of the arid and semiarid regions of North America is tested here. Results indicate that K/Rb and K/Ba can distinguish different river sands that are sediment sources for dunes and dune fields themselves have distinctive K/Rb and K/Ba compositions. Over the Basin and Range and Great Plains regions of North America, the hypothesized sediment sources of dune fields are reviewed and assessed using K/Rb and K/Ba values in dune sands and in hypothesized source sediments. In some cases, the origins of dunes assessed in this manner are consistent with previous studies and in others, dune fields are found to have a more complex origin than previously thought. Use of K/Rb and K/Ba for provenance studies is a robust method that is inexpensive, rapid, and highly reproducible. It exploits one of the most common minerals found in dune sand, K-feldspar. The method avoids the problem of using simple concentrations of key elements that may be subject to interpretative bias due to changes in mineralogical maturity of Quaternary dune fields that occur over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.007","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., 2017, Evaluation of simple geochemical indicators of aeolian sand provenance: Late Quaternary dune fields of North America revisited: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 171, p. 260-296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.007.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"296","ipdsId":"IP-076149","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8c8e4b09af898c860f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":168575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}