{"pageNumber":"960","pageRowStart":"23975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40807,"records":[{"id":70031127,"text":"70031127 - 2007 - A new ghost-node method for linking different models and initial investigations of heterogeneity and nonmatching grids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:25:25","indexId":"70031127","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new ghost-node method for linking different models and initial investigations of heterogeneity and nonmatching grids","docAbstract":"A flexible, robust method for linking parent (regional-scale) and child (local-scale) grids of locally refined models that use different numerical methods is developed based on a new, iterative ghost-node method. Tests are presented for two-dimensional and three-dimensional pumped systems that are homogeneous or that have simple heterogeneity. The parent and child grids are simulated using the block-centered finite-difference MODFLOW and control-volume finite-element FEHM models, respectively. The models are solved iteratively through head-dependent (child model) and specified-flow (parent model) boundary conditions. Boundary conditions for models with nonmatching grids or zones of different hydraulic conductivity are derived and tested against heads and flows from analytical or globally-refined models. Results indicate that for homogeneous two- and three-dimensional models with matched grids (integer number of child cells per parent cell), the new method is nearly as accurate as the coupling of two MODFLOW models using the shared-node method and, surprisingly, errors are slightly lower for nonmatching grids (noninteger number of child cells per parent cell). For heterogeneous three-dimensional systems, this paper compares two methods for each of the two sets of boundary conditions: external heads at head-dependent boundary conditions for the child model are calculated using bilinear interpolation or a Darcy-weighted interpolation; specified-flow boundary conditions for the parent model are calculated using model-grid or hydrogeologic-unit hydraulic conductivities. Results suggest that significantly more accurate heads and flows are produced when both Darcy-weighted interpolation and hydrogeologic-unit hydraulic conductivities are used, while the other methods produce larger errors at the boundary between the regional and local models. The tests suggest that, if posed correctly, the ghost-node method performs well. Additional testing is needed for highly heterogeneous systems. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.01.004","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, J., James, S., Mehl, S., Hill, M.C., Leake, S.A., Zyvoloski, G., Faunt, C., and Eddebbarh, A., 2007, A new ghost-node method for linking different models and initial investigations of heterogeneity and nonmatching grids: Advances in Water Resources, v. 30, no. 8, p. 1722-1736, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.01.004.","startPage":"1722","endPage":"1736","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211342,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.01.004"}],"volume":"30","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a2e4b0c8380cd467b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, J.E.","contributorId":28790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, S.C.","contributorId":103059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zyvoloski, G.A.","contributorId":20123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zyvoloski","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eddebbarh, A.-A.","contributorId":101425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddebbarh","given":"A.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70031740,"text":"70031740 - 2007 - Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T14:01:16","indexId":"70031740","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates","docAbstract":"<p>Sedimentary records of naturally occurring and fallout-derived radionuclides are widely used as tools for estimating both the ages of recent sediments and rates of sedimentation and bioturbation. Developing these records to the point of data interpretation requires careful sample collection, processing, analysis and data modeling. In this work, we document a number of potential pitfalls that can impact sediment core records and their interpretation. This paper is not intended as an exhaustive treatment of these potential problems. Rather, the emphasis is on potential problems that are not well documented in the literature, as follows: (1) the mere sampling of sediment cores at a resolution that is too coarse can result in an apparent diffusive mixing of the sedimentary record at rates comparable to diffusive bioturbation rates observed in many locations; (2) <sup>210</sup>Pb profiles in slowly accumulating sediments can easily be misinterpreted to be driven by sedimentation, when in fact bioturbation is the dominant control. Multiple isotopes of different half lives and/or origin may help to distinguish between these two possible interpretations; (3) apparent mixing can occur due simply to numerical artifacts inherent in the finite difference approximations of the advection diffusion equation used to model sedimentation and bioturbation. Model users need to be aware of this potential problem. Solutions to each of these potential pitfalls are offered to ensure the best possible sediment age estimates and/or sedimentation and bioturbation rates can be obtained.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.006","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., and Kenna, T.C., 2007, Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 537-544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1603","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a097ee4b0c8380cd51f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenna, Timothy C.","contributorId":36754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenna","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032991,"text":"70032991 - 2007 - Lateral spread hazard mapping of the northern Salt Lake Valley, Utah, for a M7.0 scenario earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70032991","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lateral spread hazard mapping of the northern Salt Lake Valley, Utah, for a M7.0 scenario earthquake","docAbstract":"This paper describes the methodology used to develop a lateral spread-displacement hazard map for northern Salt Lake Valley, Utah, using a scenario M7.0 earthquake occurring on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault. The mapping effort is supported by a substantial amount of geotechnical, geologic, and topographic data compiled for the Salt Lake Valley, Utah. ArcGIS?? routines created for the mapping project then input this information to perform site-specific lateral spread analyses using methods developed by Bartlett and Youd (1992) and Youd et al. (2002) at individual borehole locations. The distributions of predicted lateral spread displacements from the boreholes located spatially within a geologic unit were subsequently used to map the hazard for that particular unit. The mapped displacement zones consist of low hazard (0-0.1 m), moderate hazard (0.1-0.3 m), high hazard (0.3-1.0 m), and very high hazard (> 1.0 m). As expected, the produced map shows the highest hazard in the alluvial deposits at the center of the valley and in sandy deposits close to the fault. This mapping effort is currently being applied to the southern part of the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, and probabilistic maps are being developed for the entire valley. ?? 2007, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.2424987","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Olsen, M., Bartlett, S., and Solomon, B., 2007, Lateral spread hazard mapping of the northern Salt Lake Valley, Utah, for a M7.0 scenario earthquake: Earthquake Spectra, v. 23, no. 1, p. 95-113, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2424987.","startPage":"95","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213238,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2424987"},{"id":240843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4576e4b0c8380cd6733c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, M.J.","contributorId":56043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlett, S.F.","contributorId":11008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlett","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solomon, B.J.","contributorId":10045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031739,"text":"70031739 - 2007 - Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T11:20:41.383437","indexId":"70031739","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Regional ground-water recharge estimates for Minnesota were compared to estimates made on the basis of four local- and basin-scale methods. Three local-scale methods (unsaturated-zone water balance, water-table fluctuations (WTF) using three approaches, and age dating of ground water) yielded point estimates of recharge that represent spatial scales from about 1 to about 1000&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>. A fourth method (RORA, a basin-scale analysis of streamflow records using a recession-curve-displacement technique) yielded recharge estimates at a scale of 10&ndash;1000s of km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. The RORA basin-scale recharge estimates were regionalized to estimate recharge for the entire State of Minnesota on the basis of a regional regression recharge (RRR) model that also incorporated soil and climate data. Recharge rates estimated by the RRR model compared favorably to the local and basin-scale recharge estimates. RRR estimates at study locations were about 41% less on average than the unsaturated-zone water-balance estimates, ranged from 44% greater to 12% less than estimates that were based on the three WTF approaches, were about 4% less than the age dating of ground-water estimates, and were about 5% greater than the RORA estimates. Of the methods used in this study, the WTF method is the simplest and easiest to apply. Recharge estimates made on the basis of the UZWB method were inconsistent with the results from the other methods. Recharge estimates using the RRR model could be a good source of input for regional ground-water flow models; RRR model results currently are being applied for this purpose in USGS studies elsewhere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Healy, R.W., Lorenz, D., and Nimmo, J., 2007, Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 334, no. 1-2, p. 231-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.010.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"334","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f870e4b0c8380cd4d0de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035635,"text":"70035635 - 2007 - Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:10:58","indexId":"70035635","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain in southwestern Nevada is a prominent, irregularly shaped upland formed by a thick apron of Miocene pyroclastic-flow and fallout tephra deposits, with minor lava flows, that was segmented by through-going, large-displacement normal faults into a series of north-trending, eastwardly tilted structural blocks. The principal volcanic-rock units are the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring Tuffs of the Paintbrush Group, which consist of volumetrically large eruptive sequences derived from compositionally distinct magma bodies in the nearby southwestern Nevada volcanic field, and are classic examples of a magmatic zonation characterized by an upper crystal-rich (&gt;10% crystal fragments) member, a more voluminous lower crystal-poor (&lt;5% crystal fragments) member, and an intervening thin transition zone. Rocks within the crystal-poor member of the Topopah Spring Tuff, lying some 280 m below the crest of Yucca Mountain, constitute the proposed host rock to be excavated for the storage of high-level radioactive wastes. Separation of the tuffaceous rock formations into subunits that allow for detailed mapping and structural interpretations is based on macroscopic features, most importantly the relative abundance of lithophysae and the degree of welding. The latter feature, varying from nonwelded through partly and moderately welded to densely welded, exerts a strong control on matrix porosities and other rock properties that provide essential criteria for distinguishing hydrogeologic and thermal mechanical units, which are of major interest in evaluating the suitability of Yucca Mountain to host a safe and permanent geologic repository for waste storage. A thick and varied sequence of surficial deposits mantle large parts of the Yucca Mountain site area. Mapping of these deposits and associated soils in exposures and in the walls of trenches excavated across buried faults provides evidence for multiple surface-rupturing events along all of the major faults during Pleistocene and Holocene times; these paleoseismic studies form the basis for evaluating the potential for future earthquakes and fault displacements. Thermoluminescence and U-series analyses were used to date the surficial materials involved in the Quaternary faulting events. The rate of erosional downcutting of bedrock on the ridge crests and hillslopes of Yucca Mountain, being of particular concern with respect to the potential for breaching of the proposed underground storage facility, was studied by using rock varnish cation-ratio and <sup>10</sup>Be and <sup>36</sup>Cl cosmogenic dating methods to determine the length of time bedrock outcrops and hillslope boulder deposits were exposed to cosmic rays, which then served as a basis for calculating long-term erosion rates. The results indicate rates ranging from 0.04 to 0.27 cm/k.y., which represent the maximum downcutting along the summit of Yucca Mountain under all climatic conditions that existed there during most of Quaternary time. Associated studies include the stratigraphy of surficial deposits in Fortymile Wash, the major drainage course in the area, which record a complex history of four to five cut-and-fill cycles within the channel during middle to late Quaternary time. The last 2-4 m of incision probably occurred during the last pluvial climatic period, 22-18 ka, followed by aggradation to the present time. Major faults at Yucca Mountain-from east to west, the Paintbrush Canyon, Bow Ridge, Stagecoach Road, Solitario Canyon, Fatigue Wash, Windy Wash, and Northern and Southern Crater Flat Faults-trend predominantly north, are spaced 1-5 km apart, have bedrock displacements ranging from 125 m to as much as 500 m, and exhibit Quaternary movements of several centimeters to a few meters. Displacements are predominantly down to the west, and bedrock/alluvium contacts commonly are marked by fault-line scarps. The predominant northerly fault trend changes to a more northeasterly trend in adjacent areas south ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.1199(03)","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"Keefer, W.R., Whitney, J., and Buesch, D., 2007, Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 199, p. 53-103, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(03).","startPage":"53","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(03)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.4,\n              36.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2,\n              36.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2,\n              36.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4,\n              36.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4,\n              36.4\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"199","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a26d4e4b0c8380cd593b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, W. R.","contributorId":21538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, J.W.","contributorId":27437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buesch, D.C. 0000-0002-4978-5027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":73633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030173,"text":"70030173 - 2007 - Postseismic relaxation and aftershocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T12:05:55.443136","indexId":"70030173","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postseismic relaxation and aftershocks","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>Perfettini et al. (2005) suggested that the temporal dependence of surface displacements<span>&nbsp;</span><i>u</i>(<i>t</i>) measured in the epicentral area following an earthquake is related to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i>(<i>t</i>), the cumulative number of aftershocks, by the equation<span>&nbsp;</span><i>u</i>(<i>t</i>) =<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>bt</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>cN</i>(<i>t</i>) +<span>&nbsp;</span><i>d</i>(1 −<span>&nbsp;</span><i>e</i><sup>−<i>αt</i></sup>), where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>d</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>α</i><span>&nbsp;</span>are constants chosen to fit the data and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is the postearthquake time.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i>(<i>t</i>) appears in the expression for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>u</i>(<i>t</i>) because both the aftershocks and a portion of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>u</i>(<i>t</i>) are thought to be driven by the same source, postseismic fault creep at subseismogenic depths on the downdip extension of the coseismic rupture. We show that this equation with the actually observed<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i>(<i>t</i>) fits the postseismic displacements recorded on several baselines following each of five earthquakes: 1999 M7.6 Chi-Chi (Taiwan), 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine (southern California), 2002 M7.9 Denali (central Alaska), 2003 M6.5 San Simeon (central California), and 2004 M6.0 Parkfield (central California) earthquakes. Although there are plausible physical interpretations for each of the terms in the expression for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>u</i>(<i>t</i>), the large number of adjustable constants (<i>a</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>d</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>α</i>) involved in fitting the rather simple postseismic displacements diminishes the significance of the fit. Because the observed<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i>(<i>t</i>) is well fit by the modified Omori's law, fault creep at depth presumably exhibits the same temporal dependence. That dependence could be explained if the rheology of the fault downdip from the coseismic rupture is consistent with ordinary transient creep. Montesi (2004) demonstrated that power law creep across a shear zone at depth would also produce that temporal signal.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006JB004584","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Svarc, J.L., and Yu, S., 2007, Postseismic relaxation and aftershocks: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 112, no. 6, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004584.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e97e4b0c8380cd7a62a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, S.-B.","contributorId":101075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"S.-B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030169,"text":"70030169 - 2007 - Thermal infrared spectroscopy and modeling of experimentally shocked basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T22:36:49.208175","indexId":"70030169","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal infrared spectroscopy and modeling of experimentally shocked basalts","docAbstract":"<p><span>New measurements of&nbsp;</span>thermal<span>&nbsp;</span>infrared<span>&nbsp;emission spectra (250-1400 cm</span><sup>-1</sup><span>; ∼7-40 μm) of&nbsp;</span>experimentally<span>&nbsp;</span>shocked<span>&nbsp;</span>basalt<span>&nbsp;and basaltic andesite (17-56 GPa) exhibit changes in spectral features with increasing pressure consistent with changes in the structure of plagioclase feldspars. Major spectral absorptions in unshocked rocks between 350-700 cm</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;(due to Si-O-Si octahedral bending vibrations) and between 1000-1250 cm</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;(due to Si-O antisymmetric stretch motions of the silica tetrahedra) transform at pressures &gt;20-25 GPa to two broad spectral features centered near 950-1050 and 400-450 cm</span><sup>-1</sup><span>. Linear deconvolution models using spectral libraries composed of common mineral and glass spectra replicate the spectra of&nbsp;</span>shocked<span>&nbsp;</span>basalt<span>&nbsp;relatively well up to shock pressures of 20-25 GPa, above which model errors increase substantially, coincident with the onset of diaplectic glass formation in plagioclase. Inclusion of&nbsp;</span>shocked<span>&nbsp;feldspar spectra in the libraries improves fits for more highly&nbsp;</span>shocked<span>&nbsp;</span>basalt<span>. However, deconvolution models of the basaltic andesite select&nbsp;</span>shocked<span>&nbsp;feldspar end-members even for unshocked samples, likely caused by the higher primary glass content in the basaltic andesite sample.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Walter de Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am.2007.2356","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Staid, M., and Kraft, M., 2007, Thermal infrared spectroscopy and modeling of experimentally shocked basalts: American Mineralogist, v. 92, no. 7, p. 1148-1157, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2007.2356.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1148","endPage":"1157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb22ce4b08c986b32564a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staid, M.I.","contributorId":76505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraft, M.D.","contributorId":47250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033045,"text":"70033045 - 2007 - The application of satellite differential SAR interferometry-derived ground displacements in hydrogeology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T11:13:44","indexId":"70033045","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of satellite differential SAR interferometry-derived ground displacements in hydrogeology","docAbstract":"The application of satellite differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry, principally coherent (InSAR) and to a lesser extent, persistent-scatterer (PSI) techniques to hydrogeologic studies has improved capabilities to map, monitor, analyze, and simulate groundwater flow, aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence. A number of investigations over the previous decade show how the spatially detailed images of ground displacements measured with InSAR have advanced hydrogeologic understanding, especially when a time series of images is used in conjunction with histories of changes in water levels and management practices. Important advances include: (1) identifying structural or lithostratigraphic boundaries (e.g. faults or transitional facies) of groundwater flow and deformation; (2) defining the material and hydraulic heterogeneity of deforming aquifer-systems; (3) estimating system properties (e.g. storage coefficients and hydraulic conductivities); and (4) constraining numerical models of groundwater flow, aquifer-system compaction, and land subsidence. As a component of an integrated approach to hydrogeologic monitoring and characterization of unconsolidated alluvial groundwater basins differential SAR interferometry contributes unique information that can facilitate improved management of groundwater resources. Future satellite SAR missions specifically designed for differential interferometry will enhance these contributions. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-006-0121-5","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Galloway, D., and Hoffmann, J., 2007, The application of satellite differential SAR interferometry-derived ground displacements in hydrogeology: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 15, no. 1, p. 133-154, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0121-5.","startPage":"133","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477168,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.460.3997","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0121-5"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9c5e4b08c986b3224da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffmann, J.","contributorId":43530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031696,"text":"70031696 - 2007 - Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: From island arcs to accretion and continental arc magmatism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-12T11:22:01.220955","indexId":"70031696","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: From island arcs to accretion and continental arc magmatism","docAbstract":"<p>Mesozoic continental arcs in the North American Cordillera were examined here to establish a baseline model for Phanerozoic continent formation. We combine new trace-element data on lower crustal xenoliths from the Mesozoic Sierra Nevada Batholith with an extensive grid-based geochemical map of the Peninsular Ranges Batholith, the southern equivalent of the Sierras. Collectively, these observations give a three-dimensional view of the crust, which permits the petrogenesis and tectonics of Phanerozoic crust formation to be linked in space and time. Subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America during the Triassic to early Cretaceous was characterized by trench retreat and slab rollback because old and cold oceanic lithosphere was being subducted. This generated an extensional subduction zone, which created fringing island arcs just off the Paleozoic continental margin. However, as the age of the Farallon plate at the time of subduction decreased, the extensional environment waned, allowing the fringing island arc to accrete onto the continental margin. With continued subduction, a continental arc was born and a progressively more compressional environment developed as the age of subducting slab continued to young. Refinement into a felsic crust occurred after accretion, that is, during the continental arc stage, wherein a thickened crustal and lithospheric column permitted a longer differentiation column. New basaltic arc magmas underplate and intrude the accreted terrane, suture, and former continental margin. Interaction of these basaltic magmas with pre-existing crust and lithospheric mantle created garnet pyroxenitic mafic cumulates by fractional crystallization at depth as well as gabbroic and garnet pyroxenitic restites at shallower levels by melting of pre-existing lower crust. The complementary felsic plutons formed by these deep-seated differentiation processes rose into the upper crust, stitching together the accreted terrane, suture and former continental margin. The mafic cumulates and restites, owing to their high densities, eventually foundered into the mantle, leaving behind a more felsic crust. Our grid-based sampling allows us to estimate an unbiased average upper crustal composition for the Peninsular Ranges Batholith. Major and trace-element compositions are very similar to global continental crust averaged over space and time, but in detail, the Peninsular Ranges are slightly lower in compatible to mildly incompatible elements, MgO, Mg#, V, Sc, Co, and Cr. The compositional similarities suggest a strong arc component in global continental crust, but the slight discrepancies suggest that additional crust formation processes are also important in continent formation as a whole. Finally, the delaminated Sierran garnet pyroxenites have some of the lowest U/Pb ratios ever measured for silicate rocks. Such material, if recycled and stored in the deep mantle, would generate a reservoir with very unradiogenic Pb, providing one solution to the global Pb isotope paradox.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.025","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Lee, C., Morton, D.M., Kistler, R.W., and Baird, A.K., 2007, Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: From island arcs to accretion and continental arc magmatism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 263, no. 3-4, p. 370-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.025.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"263","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a782be4b0c8380cd7865b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, C.-T.A.","contributorId":20549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, D. M.","contributorId":54608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baird, A. K.","contributorId":65148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030950,"text":"70030950 - 2007 - Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030950","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses","docAbstract":"Non-impulsive seismic radiation or 'tremor' has long been observed at volcanoes and more recently around subduction zones. Although the number of observations of non-volcanic tremor is steadily increasing, the causative mechanism remains unclear. Some have attributed non-volcanic tremor to the movement of fluids, while its coincidence with geodetically observed slow-slip events at regular intervals has led others to consider slip on the plate interface as its cause. Low-frequency earthquakes in Japan, which are believed to make up at least part of non-volcanic tremor, have focal mechanisms and locations that are consistent with tremor being generated by shear slip on the subduction interface. In Cascadia, however, tremor locations appear to be more distributed in depth than in Japan, making them harder to reconcile with a plate interface shear-slip model. Here we identify bursts of tremor that radiated from the Cascadia subduction zone near Vancouver Island, Canada, during the strongest shaking from the moment magnitude Mw = 7.8, 2002 Denali, Alaska, earthquake. Tremor occurs when the Love wave displacements are to the southwest (the direction of plate convergence of the overriding plate), implying that the Love waves trigger the tremor. We show that these displacements correspond to shear stresses of approximately 40 kPa on the plate interface, which suggests that the effective stress on the plate interface is very low. These observations indicate that tremor and possibly slow slip can be instantaneously induced by shear stress increases on the subduction interface - effectively a frictional failure response to the driving stress. ??2007 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature06017","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Rubinstein, J., Vidale, J., Gomberg, J., Bodin, P., Creager, K.C., and Malone, S.D., 2007, Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses: Nature, v. 448, no. 7153, p. 579-582, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06017.","startPage":"579","endPage":"582","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211639,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06017"},{"id":238966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"448","issue":"7153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6767e4b0c8380cd732f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubinstein, J.L.","contributorId":68105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Creager, K. C.","contributorId":105078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malone, S. D.","contributorId":48310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030166,"text":"70030166 - 2007 - A five-year analysis of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for grassland drought assessment over the central Great Plains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T12:57:35","indexId":"70030166","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A five-year analysis of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for grassland drought assessment over the central Great Plains of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>A five-year (2001–2005) history of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data was analyzed for grassland drought assessment within the central United States, specifically for the Flint Hills of Kansas and Oklahoma. Initial results show strong relationships among NDVI, NDWI, and drought conditions. During the summer over the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, the average NDVI and NDWI were consistently lower (NDVI &lt; 0.5 and NDWI &lt; 0.3) under drought conditions than under non-drought conditions (NDVI&gt;0.6 and NDWI&gt;0.4). NDWI values exhibited a quicker response to drought conditions than NDVI. Analysis revealed that combining information from visible, near infrared, and short wave infrared channels improved sensitivity to drought severity. The proposed normalized difference drought index (NDDI) had a stronger response to summer drought conditions than a simple difference between NDVI and NDWI, and is therefore a more sensitive indicator of drought in grasslands than NDVI alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2006GL029127","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Brown, J.F., Verdin, J., and Wardlow, B., 2007, A five-year analysis of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for grassland drought assessment over the central Great Plains of the United States: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL029127.","productDescription":"Article L06407; 6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477209,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.493.7588","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212732,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL029127"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3dce4b0c8380cd46277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wardlow, B.","contributorId":56863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wardlow","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12505,"text":"University of Nebraska - Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030963,"text":"70030963 - 2007 - Penokean tectonics along a promontory-embayment margin in east-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030963","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Penokean tectonics along a promontory-embayment margin in east-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Recent geologic investigations in east-central Minnesota have utilized geophysical data, test drilling, and high-resolution geochronologic dating to produce a significantly improved map of a poorly exposed part of the 1880-1830 Ma Penokean orogen. These investigations have elucidated major changes in the structure of the orogen, as compared to its counterparts in northern Michigan and northwestern Wisconsin. Foreland basin, fold and thrust belt, and magmatic terrane components that are recognized to the east extend into east-central Minnesota, but they appear to be deflected southwards and truncated in proximity to Archean rocks of the Minnesota River Valley (MRV) subprovince. In contrast, the interior of the MRV subprovince to the southwest shows little sign of Penokean tectonism. In addition, the magmatic and metamorphic rocks of the internal zone of the orogen in east-central Minnesota are extensively invaded by ca. 1785-1770 Ma granitic rocks (the East-Central Minnesota Batholith), whereas, post-orogenic granites of this age occur sparingly to the east. These differences in orogenic structure may be related to their location near the juncture of an embayment (Becker embayment) and a promontory (MRV promontory) that formed the pre-Penokean continental margin. In this scenario, the MRV promontory, which at the surface consists chiefly of high-metamorphic-grade Mesoarchean gneisses, would have formed competent, high-standing crust that resisted deformation and did not host significantly thick continental margin sequences. In contrast, the part of the Becker Embayment adjoining the promontory would have involved relatively weak, low-standing crust that favored deposition of continental margin sequences and, during Penokean collision, would have accommodated tectonic loading of the cratonic margin through thin-skinned deformation. Thrusting of thick embayment sequences and possibly a block of Archean crust (Marshfield terrane) onto the embayment margin may have produced a greatly thickened crust that subsequently promoted crustal melting and generation of the geon 17 granites. Preliminary gravity and magnetic model studies of the present-day crust imply that rocks of the fold and thrust belt may sole out at 5-8 km depth; whereas, magmatic and high-metamorphic-grade rocks associated with the internal zone of the orogen could extend to mid-crustal depths. The tectonic model proposed here, implies that a collision between an embayment and an impinging continental mass may enhance tectonic thickening and subsequent generation of post-orogenic magmas. This and other hypotheses regarding the Penokean orogen need to be investigated further in the third dimension of depth, which will require a comprehensive suite of geophysical studies. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.009","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Chandler, V., Boerboom, T., and Jirsa, M., 2007, Penokean tectonics along a promontory-embayment margin in east-central Minnesota: Precambrian Research, v. 157, no. 1-4, p. 26-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.009.","startPage":"26","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.009"},{"id":238639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7657e4b0c8380cd78069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chandler, V.W.","contributorId":97643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"V.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boerboom, Terrence","contributorId":11785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boerboom","given":"Terrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jirsa, M.A.","contributorId":90932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jirsa","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031685,"text":"70031685 - 2007 - Local and regional factors affecting atmospheric mercury speciation at a remote location","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T11:18:36","indexId":"70031685","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2256,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local and regional factors affecting atmospheric mercury speciation at a remote location","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric concentrations of elemental (Hg0), reactive gaseous (RGM), and particulate (PHg) mercury were measured at two remote sites in the midwestern United States. Concurrent measurements of Hg0, PHg, and RGM obtained at Devil's Lake and Mt. Horeb, located approximately 65 km apart, showed that Hg0 and PHg concentrations were affected by regional, as well as local sources, while RGM was mainly impacted by local sources. Plumes reaching the Devil's Lake site from a nearby coal-fired power plant significantly impacted SO2 and RGM concentrations at Devil's Lake, but had little impact on Hg0. Our findings suggest that traditional modeling approaches to assess sources of mercury deposited that utilize source emissions and large-scale grids may not be sufficient to predict mercury deposition at sensitive locations due to the importance of small-scale sources and processes. We suggest the use of a receptor-based monitoring to better understand mercury source-receptor relationships.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/S07-005","issn":"14962551","usgsCitation":"Manolopoulos, H., Schauer, J., Purcell, M., Rudolph, T., Olson, M.L., Rodger, B., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2007, Local and regional factors affecting atmospheric mercury speciation at a remote location: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, v. 6, no. 5, p. 491-501, https://doi.org/10.1139/S07-005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/S07-005"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48d7e4b0c8380cd6817a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manolopoulos, H.","contributorId":74573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manolopoulos","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schauer, J.J.","contributorId":93262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schauer","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Purcell, M.D.","contributorId":104707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rudolph, T.M.","contributorId":13803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olson, Mark L.","contributorId":149743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17808,"text":"University of Illinois, Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":432686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodger, B.","contributorId":28429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodger","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":118001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David P.","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029829,"text":"70029829 - 2007 - Tag return models allowing for harvest and catch and release: Evidence of environmental and management impacts on striped bass fishing and natural mortality rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70029829","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tag return models allowing for harvest and catch and release: Evidence of environmental and management impacts on striped bass fishing and natural mortality rates","docAbstract":"Catch-and-release fisheries have become very important in the management of overexploited recreational fish stocks. Tag return studies, where the tag is removed regardless of fish disposition, have been used to assess the effectiveness of restoration efforts for these fisheries. We extend the instantaneous rate formulation of tag return models to allow for catch and release as well as harvest. The key point of our methods is that, given an estimate of the tag reporting rate, the fishing mortality rate (F) is separated into two components: the mortality on harvested fish and the \"mortality\" on tags (because the lags are removed) of fish released alive. The total fishing mortality rate for untagged fish is the sum of the Fs due to harvest and hooking mortality suffered by fish released alive. Natural mortality rates can also be estimated. Both age-independent models and age-dependent models are constructed, and the age-dependent models are illustrated by application to data from a study of striped bass Morone saxatilis in Chesapeake Bay from 1991 to 2003 by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. By fitting models of the natural mortality rate with limited age and year dependence, we demonstrate an overall decrease in natural mortality rates as fish age and provide evidence of an increase in natural mortality beginning in the late 1990s, when an outbreak of the disease mycobacteriosis is thought to have begun. Our results indicate that fishing mortality is age dependent; selectivity increases up to age 6, when fish appear to be fully recruited to the fishery. There is also evidence of an increase in fishing mortality since 1995, when regulations were relaxed. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M06-089.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Jiang, H., Pollock, K.H., Brownie, C., Hoenig, J., Latour, R., Wells, B., and Hightower, J., 2007, Tag return models allowing for harvest and catch and release: Evidence of environmental and management impacts on striped bass fishing and natural mortality rates: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 27, no. 2, p. 387-396, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-089.1.","startPage":"387","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212655,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-089.1"},{"id":240176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3b6e4b08c986b31fe38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, H.","contributorId":83731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoenig, J.M.","contributorId":54007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoenig","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Latour, R.J.","contributorId":10620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latour","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wells, B.K.","contributorId":91303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030164,"text":"70030164 - 2007 - Northward extension of Carolina slate belt stratigraphy and structure, South-Central Virginia: Results from geologic mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70030164","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northward extension of Carolina slate belt stratigraphy and structure, South-Central Virginia: Results from geologic mapping","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping in south-central Virginia demonstrates that the stratigraphy and structure of the Carolina slate belt extend northward across a steep thermal gradient into upper amphibolite-facies correlative gneiss and schist. The Neoproterozoic greenschist-facies Hyco, Aaron, and Virgilina Formations were traced northward from their type localities near Virgilina, Virginia, along a simple, upright, northeast-trending isoclinal syncline. This syncline is called the Dryburg syncline and is a northern extension of the more complex Virgilina synclinorium. Progressively higher-grade equivalents of the Hyco and Aaron Formations were mapped northward along the axial trace of the refolded and westwardly-overturned Dryburg syncline through the Keysville and Green Bay 7.5-minute quadrangles, and across the northern end of the Carolina slate belt as interpreted on previous geologic maps. Hyco rocks, including felsic metatuff, metawacke, and amphibolite, become gneisses upgrade with areas of local anatexis and the segregation of granitic melt into leucosomes with biotite selvages. Phyllite of the Aaron Formation becomes garnet-bearing mica schist. Aaron Formation rocks disconformably overlie the primarily felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Hyco Formation as evidenced by repeated truncation of internal contacts within the Hyco on both limbs of the Dryburg syncline at the Aaron-Hyco contact. East-northeast-trending isograds, defined successively by the first appearance of garnet, then kyanite ?? staurolite in sufficiently aluminous rocks, are superposed on the stratigraphic units and synclinal structure at moderate to high angles to strike. The textural distinction between gneisses and identifiable sedimentary structures occurs near the kyanite ?? staurolite-in isograd. Development of the steep thermal gradient and regional penetrative fabric is interpreted to result from emplacement of the Goochland terrane adjacent to the northern end of the slate belt during Alleghanian orogenesis. This mapping study indicates that the Carolina slate belt does not terminate on the north against through-going faults or rest on higher-grade basement as previously suggested.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2475/04.2007.04","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P., Peper, J., Burton, W., and Horton, J.W., 2007, Northward extension of Carolina slate belt stratigraphy and structure, South-Central Virginia: Results from geologic mapping: American Journal of Science, v. 307, no. 4, p. 749-771, https://doi.org/10.2475/04.2007.04.","startPage":"749","endPage":"771","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477184,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/04.2007.04","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212703,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2475/04.2007.04"},{"id":240229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"307","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6848e4b0c8380cd73700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, P.C. 0000-0002-5957-2551","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":60756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peper, J. D.","contributorId":29387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peper","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, W.C.","contributorId":41439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":81184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029834,"text":"70029834 - 2007 - Invasion by nonnative brook trout in Panther Creek, Idaho: Roles of local habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity to source habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T14:32:59","indexId":"70029834","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasion by nonnative brook trout in Panther Creek, Idaho: Roles of local habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity to source habitats","docAbstract":"<p><span>Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that the invasion of nonnative species in freshwaters is facilitated through the interaction of three factors: habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity. We measured variables that represented each factor to determine which were associated with the occurrence of nonnative brook trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in Panther Creek, a tributary to the Salmon River, Idaho. Habitat variables included measures of summer and winter temperature, instream cover, and channel size. The abundance of native rainbow trout<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>within sampled sites was used as a measure of biotic resistance. We also considered the connectivity of sample sites to unconfined valley bottoms, which were considered habitats that may serve as sources for the spread of established populations of brook trout. We analyzed the occurrence of small (&lt;150‐mm [fork length]) and large (≥150‐mm) brook trout separately, assuming that the former represents an established invasion while accounting for the higher potential mobility of the latter. The occurrence of small brook trout was strongly associated with the proximity of sites to large, unconstrained valley bottoms, providing evidence that such habitats may serve as sources for the spread of brook trout invasion. Within sites, winter degree‐days and maximum summer temperature were positively associated with the occurrence of small brook trout. The occurrence of large brook trout was not related to any of the variables considered, perhaps due to the difficulty of linking site‐specific habitat factors to larger and more mobile individuals. The abundance of rainbow trout was not conclusively associated with the occurrence of either small or large brook trout, providing little support for the role of biotic resistance. Overall, our results suggest that source connectivity and local habitat characteristics, but not biotic resistance, influence the establishment and spread of nonnative brook trout populations. Further work is needed to confirm that the patterns observed here are relevant to other localities where brook trout have invaded and to understand the mechanisms contributing to the invasion process.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/T06-115.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, J.R., Dunham, J., and Dare, M., 2007, Invasion by nonnative brook trout in Panther Creek, Idaho: Roles of local habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity to source habitats: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 4, p. 875-888, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-115.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"875","endPage":"888","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T06-115.1"}],"volume":"136","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e1be4b0c8380cd63aee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benjamin, Joseph R. 0000-0003-3733-6838 jbenjamin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-6838","contributorId":3999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Joseph","email":"jbenjamin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":1808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dare, M.R.","contributorId":23323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dare","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031682,"text":"70031682 - 2007 - Evaluating planetary digital terrain models-The HRSC DTM test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T15:14:55","indexId":"70031682","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating planetary digital terrain models-The HRSC DTM test","docAbstract":"<p>The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) has been orbiting the planet Mars since January 2004 onboard the European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express mission and delivers imagery which is being used for topographic mapping of the planet. The HRSC team has conducted a systematic inter-comparison of different alternatives for the production of high resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) from the multi look HRSC push broom imagery. Based on carefully chosen test sites the test participants have produced DTMs which have been subsequently analysed in a quantitative and a qualitative manner. This paper reports on the results obtained in this test.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2007.07.006","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Heipke, C., Oberst, J., Albertz, J., Attwenger, M., Dorninger, P., Dorrer, E., Ewe, M., Gehrke, S., Gwinner, K., Hirschmuller, H., Kim, J., Kirk, R.L., Mayer, H., Muller, J., Rengarajan, R., Rentsch, M., Schmidt, R., Scholten, F., Shan, J., Spiegel, M., Wahlisch, M., and Neukum, G., 2007, Evaluating planetary digital terrain models-The HRSC DTM test: Planetary and Space Science, v. 55, no. 14, p. 2173-2191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2007.07.006.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2173","endPage":"2191","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://elib.dlr.de/52992/1/Hirschm%C3%BCllerHRSCHeipkeEtal2007.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"55","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bede4b0c8380cd52948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heipke, C.","contributorId":46298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heipke","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberst, J.","contributorId":103427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albertz, J.","contributorId":9464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albertz","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Attwenger, M.","contributorId":102276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attwenger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dorninger, P.","contributorId":11830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorninger","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorrer, E.","contributorId":68056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorrer","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ewe, M.","contributorId":20974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewe","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gehrke, S.","contributorId":59246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrke","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gwinner, K.","contributorId":83737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gwinner","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hirschmuller, H.","contributorId":26881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirschmuller","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kim, J.R.","contributorId":77363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mayer, H.","contributorId":108255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Muller, Jan-Peter","contributorId":26882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Jan-Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Rengarajan, R. 0000-0003-1860-7110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-7110","contributorId":56036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengarajan","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rentsch, M.","contributorId":81312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rentsch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schmidt, R.","contributorId":38777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Scholten, F.","contributorId":100175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholten","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Shan, J.","contributorId":33532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Spiegel, M.","contributorId":26515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiegel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wahlisch, M.","contributorId":62831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahlisch","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}}
,{"id":70161144,"text":"70161144 - 2007 - Exploring the temporal effects of seasonal water availability on the snail kite of Florida: Part III","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T16:14:20","indexId":"70161144","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Exploring the temporal effects of seasonal water availability on the snail kite of Florida: Part III","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Florida snail kite (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Rostrhamus sociabilis</i><span>) is an endangered raptor that occurs as an isolated population, currently of about 2,000 birds, in the wetlands of southern and central Florida, USA. Its exclusive prey species, the apple snail (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Pomacea paludosa</i><span>) is strongly influenced by seasonal changes in water abundance. Droughts during the snail kite breeding season have a direct negative effect on snail kite survival and reproduction, but droughts are also needed to maintain aquatic vegetation types favorable to snail kite foraging for snails. We used a spatially explicit matrix model to explore the effects of temporal variation in water levels on the viability of the snail kite population under different temporal drought regimes in its wetland breeding habitat. We focused on three aspects of variations in water levels that were likely to affect kites: (1) drought frequency; (2) drought duration; and (3) drought timing within the year. We modeled a 31-year historical scenario using four different scenarios in which the average water level was maintained constant, but the amplitude of water level fluctuations was modified. Our results reveal the complexity of the effects of temporal variation in water levels on snail kite population dynamics. Management implications of these results are discussed. In particular, management decisions should not be based on annual mean water levels alone, but must consider the intra-annual variability.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Temporal dimensions of landscape ecology: Wildlife responses to variable resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-45447-4_10","usgsCitation":"Mooij, W.M., Martin, J., Kitchens, W.M., and DeAngelis, D., 2007, Exploring the temporal effects of seasonal water availability on the snail kite of Florida: Part III, chap. <i>of</i> Temporal dimensions of landscape ecology: Wildlife responses to variable resources, p. 155-173, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-45447-4_10.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"173","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science 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kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":584921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":127811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":584922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030154,"text":"70030154 - 2007 - Reconstructing sediment age profiles from historical bathymetry changes in San Pablo Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T11:31:02.587934","indexId":"70030154","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing sediment age profiles from historical bathymetry changes in San Pablo Bay, California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id7\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p>Sediment age profiles reconstructed from a sequence of historical bathymetry changes are used to investigate the subsurface distribution of historical sediments in a subembayment of the San Francisco Estuary. Profiles are created in a grid-based GIS modeling program that stratifies historical deposition into temporal horizons. The model's reconstructions are supported by comparisons to profiles of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>137</sup>Cs and excess<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup>Pb at 12 core sites. The predicted depth of the 1951 sediment horizon is positively correlated to the depth of the first occurrence of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>137</sup>Cs at sites that have been depositional between recent surveys. Reconstructions at sites that have been erosional since the 1951 survey are supported by a lack of detectable<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>137</sup>Cs and excess<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup>Pb below the upper 6–16&nbsp;cm of the core. A new data set of predicted near-surface sediment ages was created to illustrate an application of this approach. Results demonstrate other potential applications such as guiding the spatial positioning of future core sites for contaminant measurements.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.12.018","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Higgins, S.A., Jaffe, B.E., and Fuller, C.C., 2007, Reconstructing sediment age profiles from historical bathymetry changes in San Pablo Bay, California: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 73, no. 1-2, p. 165-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.12.018.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.48245239257812,\n              37.966395462637834\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48245239257812,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28332519531249,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28332519531249,\n              37.966395462637834\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48245239257812,\n              37.966395462637834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a253e4b0e8fec6cdb57a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, Shawn A.","contributorId":60709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030151,"text":"70030151 - 2007 - Lithium contents and isotopic compositions of ferromanganese deposits from the global ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T11:30:12.124519","indexId":"70030151","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithium contents and isotopic compositions of ferromanganese deposits from the global ocean","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p>To test the feasibility of using lithium isotopes in marine ferromanganese deposits as an indicator of paleoceanographic conditions and seawater composition, we analyzed samples from a variety of tectonic environments in the global ocean. Hydrogenetic, hydrothermal, mixed hydrogenetic–hydrothermal, and hydrogenetic–diagenetic samples were subjected to a two-step leaching and dissolution procedure to extract first the loosely bound Li and then the more tightly bound Li in the Mn oxide and Fe oxyhydroxide. Total leachable Li contents vary from &lt;1&nbsp;ppm in hydrogenetic crusts to 1422&nbsp;ppm (up to 1188&nbsp;ppm measured here) in hydrothermal deposits. Hydrated Li ions in seawater and hydrothermal fluids are preferentially sorbed on the negatively charged surface of MnO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>by coulombic force. Hence, the abundant Li in hydrothermal deposits is mainly associated with the dominant phase, MnO<sub>2</sub>. The surface of amorphous FeOOH holds a slightly positive charge and attracts little Li, as demonstrated by data for hydrothermal Fe oxyhydroxide. Loosely sorbed Li in both hydrogenetic crusts and hydrothermal deposits exhibit Li isotopic compositions that resemble that of modern seawater. We infer that the hydrothermally derived Li scavenged onto the surface of MnO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>freely exchanged with ambient seawater, thereby losing its original isotopic signature. Li in the tightly bound sites is always isotopically lighter than that in the loosely bound fraction, suggesting that the isotopic fractionation occurred during formation of chemical bonds in the oxide and oxyhydroxide structures. Sr isotopes also show evidence of re-equilibration with seawater after deposition. Because of their mobility, Li and Sr in the ferromanganese crusts do not faithfully record secular variations in the isotopic compositions of seawater. However, Li content can be a useful proxy for the hydrothermal history of ocean basins. Based on the Li concentrations of the globally distributed hydrogenetic and hydrothermal samples, we estimate a scavenging flux of Li that is insignificant compared to the hydrothermal flux and river input to the ocean.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.003","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Chan, L., and Hein, J., 2007, Lithium contents and isotopic compositions of ferromanganese deposits from the global ocean: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 54, no. 11-13, p. 1147-1162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.003.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1147","endPage":"1162","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4823e4b0c8380cd67c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chan, L.-H.","contributorId":90939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"L.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033188,"text":"70033188 - 2007 - Seismoelectric imaging of shallow targets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033188","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismoelectric imaging of shallow targets","docAbstract":"We have undertaken a series of controlled field experiments to develop seismoelectric experimental methods for near-surface applications and to improve our understanding of seismoelectric phenomena. In a set of off-line geometry surveys (source separated from the receiver line), we place seismic sources and electrode array receivers on opposite sides of a man-made target (two sand-filled trenches) to record separately two previously documented seismoelectric modes: (1) the electromagnetic interface response signal created at the target and (2) the coseismic electric fields located within a compressional seismic wave. With the seismic source point in the center of a linear electrode array, we identify the previously undocumented seismoelectric direct field, and the Lorentz field of the metal hammer plate moving in the earth's magnetic field. We place the seismic source in the center of a circular array of electrodes (radial and circumferential orientations) to analyze the source-related direct and Lorentz fields and to establish that these fields can be understood in terms of simple analytical models. Using an off-line geometry, we create a multifold, 2D image of our trenches as dipping layers, and we also produce a complementary synthetic image through numerical modeling. These images demonstrate that off-line geometry (e.g., crosswell) surveys offer a particularly promising application of the seismoelectric method because they effectively separate the interface response signal from the (generally much stronger) coseismic and source-related fields. ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2428267","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Haines, S., Pride, S., Klemperer, S., and Biondi, B., 2007, Seismoelectric imaging of shallow targets: Geophysics, v. 72, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2428267.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2428267"},{"id":240756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bc9e4b08c986b317aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, S.S. 0000-0003-2611-8165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":33402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pride, S.R.","contributorId":77348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pride","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemperer, S.L.","contributorId":52734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biondi, B.","contributorId":36368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biondi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031113,"text":"70031113 - 2007 - Evapotranspiration in a cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plantation estimated by sap flow and remote sensing methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evapotranspiration in a cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plantation estimated by sap flow and remote sensing methods","docAbstract":"Native tree plantations have been proposed for the restoration of wildlife habitat in human-altered riparian corridors of western U.S. rivers. Evapotranspiration (ET) by riparian vegetation is an important, but poorly quantified, term in river water budgets. Native tree restoration plots will potentially increase ET. We used sap flow sensors and satellite imagery to estimate ET in a 8 ha, cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plot on the Lower Colorado River. Biometric methods were used to scale leaf area to whole trees and stands of trees. This technique was used to validate our estimates of ET obtained by scaling from branch level to stand (or plot) level measurements of ET. Cottonwood trees used 6-10 mm day-1 of water during the peak of the growing season as determined by sap flow sensors, and annual rates scaled by time-series MODIS satellite imagery were approximately 1.2 m year-1. Although irrigation was not quantified, the field had been flood irrigated at 2 week intervals during the 3 years prior to the study, receiving approximately 2 m year-1 of water. A frequency-domain electromagnetic induction survey of soil moisture content showed that the field was saturated (26-28% gravimetric water content) at the 90-150 cm soil depth under the field. Trees were apparently rooted into the saturated soil, and considerable saving of water could potentially be achieved by modifying the irrigation regime to take into account that cottonwoods are phreatophytes. The study showed that cottonwood ET can be monitored by remote sensing methods calibrated with ground measurements with an accuracy or uncertainty of 20-30% in western riparian corridors. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.002","issn":"01681923","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P., Jetton, A., Fleming, J., Didan, K., Glenn, E., Erker, J., Morino, K., Milliken, J., and Gloss, S., 2007, Evapotranspiration in a cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plantation estimated by sap flow and remote sensing methods: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 144, no. 1-2, p. 95-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.002.","startPage":"95","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.002"},{"id":238944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d1ee4b0c8380cd52e17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, P.","contributorId":35538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jetton, A.","contributorId":40419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jetton","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, J.","contributorId":31973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Didan, K.","contributorId":25356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Didan","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glenn, E.","contributorId":82524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erker, J.","contributorId":35118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erker","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morino, K.","contributorId":10614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milliken, J.","contributorId":19364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gloss, S.","contributorId":65665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloss","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70031630,"text":"70031630 - 2007 - Consistency of L4 TM absolute calibration with respect to the L5 TM sensor based on near-simultaneous image acquisition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-17T16:27:34.255739","indexId":"70031630","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Consistency of L4 TM absolute calibration with respect to the L5 TM sensor based on near-simultaneous image acquisition","docAbstract":"The Landsat archive provides more than 35 years of uninterrupted multispectral remotely sensed data of Earth observations. Since 1972, Landsat missions have carried different types of sensors, from the Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) camera to the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). However, the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors on Landsat 4 (L4) and Landsat 5 (L5), launched in 1982 and 1984 respectively, are the backbone of an extensive archive. Effective April 2, 2007, the radiometric calibration of L5 TM data processed and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) was updated to use an improved lifetime gain model, based on the instrument's detector response to pseudo-invariant desert site data and cross-calibration with the L7 ETM+. However, no modifications were ever made to the radiometric calibration procedure of the Landsat 4 (L4) TM data. The L4 TM radiometric calibration procedure has continued to use the Internal Calibrator (IC) based calibration algorithms and the post calibration dynamic ranges, as previously defined. To evaluate the \"current\" absolute accuracy of these two sensors, image pairs from the L5 TM and L4 TM sensors were compared. The number of coincident image pairs in the USGS EROS archive is limited, so the scene selection for the cross-calibration studies proved to be a challenge. Additionally, because of the lack of near-simultaneous images available over well-characterized and traditionally used calibration sites, alternate sites that have high reflectance, large dynamic range, high spatial uniformity, high sun elevation, and minimal cloud cover were investigated. The alternate sites were identified in Yuma, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, and Algeria. The cross-calibration approach involved comparing image statistics derived from large common areas observed eight days apart by the two sensors. This paper summarizes the average percent differences in reflectance estimates obtained between the two sensors. The work presented in this paper is a first step in understanding the current performance of L4 TM absolute calibration and potentially serves as a platform to revise and improve the radiometric calibration procedures implemented for the processing of L4 TM data.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XII","conferenceDate":"Aug 26-28, 2007","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.734208","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Helder, D., Malla, R., Micijevic, E., and Mettler, C.J., 2007, Consistency of L4 TM absolute calibration with respect to the L5 TM sensor based on near-simultaneous image acquisition, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6677, San Diego, CA, Aug 26-28, 2007, 66770F, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.734208.","productDescription":"66770F","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6677","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa00e4b0c8380cd4d87d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malla, R.","contributorId":9866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malla","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mettler, C. J.","contributorId":65670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mettler","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030150,"text":"70030150 - 2007 - Comparison of outgassing models for the Landsat thematic mapper sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T15:26:18.828641","indexId":"70030150","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of outgassing models for the Landsat thematic mapper sensors","docAbstract":"<p>The Thematic Mapper (TM) is a multi-spectral electro-optical sensor featured onboard both the Landsat 4 (L4) and Landsat 5 (L5) satellites. TM sensors have seven spectral bands with center wavelengths of approximately 0.49, 0.56, 0.66, 0.83, 1.65, 11.5 and 2.21 μm, respectively. The visible near-infrared (VNIR) bands are located on the primary focal plane (PFP), and two short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands and the thermal infrared (TIR) band are located on the cold focal plane (CFP). The CFP bands are maintained at cryogenic temperatures of about 91 K, to reduce thermal noise effects. Due to the cold temperature, an ice film accumulates on the CFP dewar window, which introduces oscillations in SWIR and an exponential decay in TIR band responses. This process is usually monitored and characterized by the detector responses to the internal calibrator (IC) lamps and the blackbody. The ice contamination on the dewar window is an effect of the sensor outgassing in a vacuum of the space environment. Outgassing models have been developed, which are based on the thin-film optical interference phenomenon. They provide the coefficients for correction for outgassing effects for the entire mission's lifetime. While the L4 TM ceased imaging in August 1993, the L5 TM continues to operate even after more than 23 years in orbit. The process of outgassing in L5 TM is still occurring, though at a much lower rate than during early years of mission. Although the L4 and L5 TM sensors are essentially identical, they exhibit slightly different responses to the outgassing effects. The work presented in the paper summarizes the results of modeling outgassing effects in each of the sensors and provides a detailed analysis of differences among the estimated modeling parameters. For both sensors, water ice was confirmed as a reasonable candidate for contaminant material, the contaminant growth rate was found to be gradually decreasing with the time since launch, and the indications exist that some film may remain after the CFP warm-up procedures, which are periodically initiated to remove accumulated contamination. The observed difference between the models could be contributed to differences in the operational history for the sensors, the content and amount of contaminant impurities, the sensor spectral filter responses, and the internal calibrator systems.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XII","conferenceDate":"Aug 26-28, 2007","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.735405","usgsCitation":"Micijevic, E., and Chander, G., 2007, Comparison of outgassing models for the Landsat thematic mapper sensors, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6677, San Diego, CA, Aug 26-28, 2007, 66770G, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.735405.","productDescription":"66770G","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6677","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f87de4b0c8380cd4d133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030575,"text":"70030575 - 2007 - Habitat selection of Rocky Mountain elk in a nonforested environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030575","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat selection of Rocky Mountain elk in a nonforested environment","docAbstract":"Recent expansions by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) into nonforested habitats across the Intermountain West have required managers to reconsider the traditional paradigms of forage and cover as they relate to managing elk and their habitats. We examined seasonal habitat selection patterns of a hunted elk population in a nonforested high-desert region of southwestern Wyoming, USA. We used 35,246 global positioning system locations collected from 33 adult female elk to model probability of use as a function of 6 habitat variables: slope, aspect, elevation, habitat diversity, distance to shrub cover, and distance to road. We developed resource selection probability functions for individual elk, and then we averaged the coefficients to estimate population-level models for summer and winter periods. We used the population-level models to generate predictive maps by assigning pixels across the study area to 1 of 4 use categories (i.e., high, medium-high, medium-low, or low), based on quartiles of the predictions. Model coefficients and predictive maps indicated that elk selected for summer habitats characterized by higher elevations in areas of high vegetative diversity, close to shrub cover, northerly aspects, moderate slopes, and away from roads. Winter habitat selection patterns were similar, except elk shifted to areas with lower elevations and southerly aspects. We validated predictive maps by using 528 locations collected from an independent sample of radiomarked elk (n = 55) and calculating the proportion of locations that occurred in each of the 4 use categories. Together, the high- and medium-high use categories of the summer and winter predictive maps contained 92% and 74% of summer and winter elk locations, respectively. Our population-level models and associated predictive maps were successful in predicting winter and summer habitat use by elk in a nonforested environment. In the absence of forest cover, elk seemed to rely on a combination of shrubs, topography, and low human disturbance to meet their thermal and hiding cover requirements.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-131","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, H., Nielson, R.M., Lindzey, F., Keith, L., Powell, J., and Abraham, A., 2007, Habitat selection of Rocky Mountain elk in a nonforested environment: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 3, p. 868-874, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-131.","startPage":"868","endPage":"874","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-131"},{"id":239527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f26e4b0c8380cd5cb29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, H.","contributorId":59910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielson, R. M.","contributorId":22967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindzey, F.G.","contributorId":12660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindzey","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, L.","contributorId":77866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, J.H.","contributorId":60018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abraham, A.A.","contributorId":103082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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