The import of resources (food, nutrients) sustains biological production and food webs in resource-limited habitats. Resource export from donor habitats subsidizes production in recipient habitats, but the ecosystem-scale consequences of resource translocation are generally unknown. Here, I use a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton model to show how dispersive connectivity between a shallow autotrophic habitat and a deep heterotrophic pelagic habitat can amplify overall system production in metazoan food webs. This result derives from the finite capacity of suspension feeders to capture and assimilate food particles: excess primary production in closed autotrophic habitats cannot be assimilated by consumers; however, if excess phytoplankton production is exported to food-limited heterotrophic habitats, it can be assimilated by zooplankton to support additional secondary production. Transport of regenerated nutrients from heterotrophic to autotrophic habitats sustains higher system primary production. These simulation results imply that the ecosystem-scale efficiency of nutrient transformation into metazoan biomass can be constrained by the rate of resource exchange across habitats and that it is optimized when the transport rate matches the growth rate of primary producers. Slower transport (i.e., reduced connectivity) leads to nutrient limitation of primary production in autotrophic habitats and food limitation of secondary production in heterotrophic habitats. Habitat fragmentation can therefore impose energetic constraints on the carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems. The outcomes of ecosystem restoration through habitat creation will be determined by both functions provided by newly created aquatic habitats and the rates of hydraulic connectivity between them.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/510258","issn":"15375323","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., 2007, Habitat connectivity and ecosystem productivity: implications from a simple model.: American Naturalist, v. 169, no. 1, p. E22-E33, https://doi.org/10.1086/510258.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"E22","endPage":"E33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214625,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/510258"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f04e4b0c8380cd5ca05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032113,"text":"70032113 - 2007 - Relationships between reef fish communities and remotely sensed rugosity measurements in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T09:35:34","indexId":"70032113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between reef fish communities and remotely sensed rugosity measurements in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The realization that coral reef ecosystem management must occur across multiple spatial scales and habitat types has led scientists and resource managers to seek variables that are easily measured over large areas and correlate well with reef resources. Here we investigate the utility of new technology in airborne laser surveying (NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL)) in assessing topographical complexity (rugosity) to predict reef fish community structure on shallow (<10 m deep) patch reefs. Marine portions of Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, were surveyed remotely using the EAARL, and reef fish populations were visually surveyed on 10 patch reefs at independent, randomly selected stations (n = 10–13 per reef). Rugosity at each station was assessed in situ by divers using the traditional chain-transect method (10-m scale), and remotely using the EAARL submarine topography data at multiple spatial scales (2, 5, and 10 m). The rugosity and biological datasets were analyzed together to elucidate the predictive power of EAARL rugosity in describing the variance in reef fish community variables and to assess the correlation between chain-transect and EAARL rugosity. EAARL rugosity was not well correlated with chain-transect rugosity, or with species richness of fishes (although statistically significant, the amount of variance explained by the model was very low). Variance in reef fish community attributes was better explained in reef-by-reef variability than by physical variables. However, once the reef-by-reef variability was taken into account in a two-way analysis of variance, the importance of rugosity could be seen on individual reefs. Fish species richness and abundance were statistically higher at high rugosity stations compared to medium and low rugosity stations, as predicted by prior ecological research. The EAARL shows promise as an important mapping tool for reef resource managers as they strive to inventory and protect coral reef resources.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-006-9078-4","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Kuffner, I.B., Brock, J., Grober-Dunsmore, R., Bonito, V.E., Hickey, T.D., and Wright, C.W., 2007, Relationships between reef fish communities and remotely sensed rugosity measurements in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 78, no. 1, p. 71-82, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9078-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214594,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9078-4"},{"id":242333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.347196,25.291431 ], [ -80.347196,25.671111 ], [ -80.089407,25.671111 ], [ -80.089407,25.291431 ], [ -80.347196,25.291431 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa64fe4b0c8380cd84db1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuffner, Ilsa B. 0000-0001-8804-7847 ikuffner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7847","contributorId":3105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"Ilsa","email":"ikuffner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki","contributorId":71292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grober-Dunsmore","given":"Rikki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonito, Victor E.","contributorId":84994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonito","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickey, T. Donald","contributorId":71782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032085,"text":"70032085 - 2007 - Linking occurrence and fitness to persistence: Habitat-based approach for endangered Greater Sage-Grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:10:17","indexId":"70032085","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking occurrence and fitness to persistence: Habitat-based approach for endangered Greater Sage-Grouse","docAbstract":"Detailed empirical models predicting both species occurrence and fitness across a landscape are necessary to understand processes related to population persistence. Failure to consider both occurrence and fitness may result in incorrect assessments of habitat importance leading to inappropriate management strategies. We took a two-stage approach to identifying critical nesting and brood-rearing habitat for the endangered Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Alberta at a landscape scale. First, we used logistic regression to develop spatial models predicting the relative probability of use (occurrence) for Sage-Grouse nests and broods. Secondly, we used Cox proportional hazards survival models to identify the most risky habitats across the landscape. We combined these two approaches to identify Sage-Grouse habitats that pose minimal risk of failure (source habitats) and attractive sink habitats that pose increased risk (ecological traps). Our models showed that Sage-Grouse select for heterogeneous patches of moderate sagebrush cover (quadratic relationship) and avoid anthropogenic edge habitat for nesting. Nests were more successful in heterogeneous habitats, but nest success was independent of anthropogenic features. Similarly, broods selected heterogeneous high-productivity habitats with sagebrush while avoiding human developments, cultivated cropland, and high densities of oil wells. Chick mortalities tended to occur in proximity to oil and gas developments and along riparian habitats. For nests and broods, respectively, approximately 10% and 5% of the study area was considered source habitat, whereas 19% and 15% of habitat was attractive sink habitat. Limited source habitats appear to be the main reason for poor nest success (39%) and low chick survival (12%). Our habitat models identify areas of protection priority and areas that require immediate management attention to enhance recruitment to secure the viability of this population. This novel approach to habitat-based population viability modeling has merit for many species of concern. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/05-1871","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Aldridge, C.L., and Boyce, M.S., 2007, Linking occurrence and fitness to persistence: Habitat-based approach for endangered Greater Sage-Grouse: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 2, p. 508-526, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-1871.","startPage":"508","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1871"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47d9e4b0c8380cd67a10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyce, Mark S.","contributorId":113205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyce","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031808,"text":"70031808 - 2007 - Why the sacramento delta area differs from other parts of the great valley: numerical modeling of thermal structure and thermal subsidence of forearc basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T10:49:37","indexId":"70031808","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2125,"text":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why the sacramento delta area differs from other parts of the great valley: numerical modeling of thermal structure and thermal subsidence of forearc basins","docAbstract":"Data on present-day heat flow, subsidence history, and paleotemperature for the Sacramento Delta region, California, have been employed to constrain a numerical model of tectonic subsidence and thermal evolution of forearc basins. The model assumes an oceanic basement with an initial thermal profile dependent on its age subjected to refrigeration caused by a subducting slab. Subsidence in the Sacramento Delta region appears to be close to that expected for a forearc basin underlain by normal oceanic lithosphere of age 150 Ma, demonstrating that effects from both the initial thermal profile and the subduction process are necessary and sufficient. Subsidence at the eastern and northern borders of the Sacramento Valley is considerably less, approximating subsidence expected from the dynamics of the subduction zone alone. These results, together with other geophysical data, show that Sacramento Delta lithosphere, being thinner and having undergone deeper subsidence, must differ from lithosphere of the transitional type under other parts of the Sacramento Valley. Thermal modeling allows evaluation of the rheological properties of the lithosphere. Strength diagrams based on our thermal model show that, even under relatively slow deformation (10−17 s−1), the upper part of the delta crystalline crust (down to 20–22 km) can fail in brittle fashion, which is in agreement with deeper earthquake occurrence. Hypocentral depths of earthquakes under the Sacramento Delta region extend to nearly 20 km, whereas, in the Coast Ranges to the west, depths are typically less than 12–15 km. The greater width of the seismogenic zone in this area raises the possibility that, for fault segments of comparable length, earthquakes of somewhat greater magnitude might occur than in the Coast Ranges to the west.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1134/S1069351307010089","issn":"10693513","usgsCitation":"Mikhailov, V., Parsons, T., Simpson, R., Timoshkina, E., and Williams, C., 2007, Why the sacramento delta area differs from other parts of the great valley: numerical modeling of thermal structure and thermal subsidence of forearc basins: Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, v. 43, no. 1, p. 75-90, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351307010089.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1069351307010089"},{"id":239714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Great Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,36.0 ], [ -122.0,40.0 ], [ -120.0,40.0 ], [ -120.0,36.0 ], [ -122.0,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0a6e4b08c986b32efa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikhailov, V.O.","contributorId":101455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikhailov","given":"V.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Timoshkina, E.P.","contributorId":79295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timoshkina","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, C.","contributorId":10514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032059,"text":"70032059 - 2007 - Insights on geochemical cycling of U, Re and Mo from seasonal sampling in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:28:23","indexId":"70032059","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights on geochemical cycling of U, Re and Mo from seasonal sampling in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, USA","docAbstract":"This study examined the removal of U, Mo, and Re from seawater by sedimentary processes at a shallow-water site with near-saturation bottom water O2 levels (240–380 μmol O2/L), very high organic matter oxidation rates (annually averaged rate is 880 μmol C/cm2/y), and shallow oxygen penetration depths (4 mm or less throughout the year). Under these conditions, U, Mo, and Re were removed rapidly to asymptotic pore water concentrations of 2.2–3.3 nmol/kg (U), 7–13 nmol/kg (Mo), and 11–14 pmol/kg (Re). The depth order in which the three metals were removed, determined by fitting a diffusion-reaction model to measured profiles, was Re < U < Mo. Model fits also suggest that the Mo profiles clearly showed the presence of a near-interface layer in which Mo was added to pore waters by remineralization of a solid phase. The importance of this solid phase source of pore water Mo increased from January to October as the organic matter oxidation rate increased, bottom water O2 decreased, and the O2 penetration depth decreased. Experiments with in situ benthic flux chambers generally showed fluxes of U and Mo into the sediments. However, when the overlying water O2 concentration in the chambers was allowed to drop to very low levels, Mn and Fe were released to the overlying water along with the simultaneous release of Mo and U. These experiments suggest that remineralization of Mn and/or Fe oxides may be a source of Mo and perhaps U to pore waters, and may complicate the accumulation of U and Mo in bioturbated sediments with high organic matter oxidation rates and shallow O2 penetration depths.
Benthic chamber experiments including the nonreactive solute tracer, Br−, indicated that sediment irrigation was very important to solute exchange at the study site. The enhancement of sediment–seawater exchange due to irrigation was determined for the nonreactive tracer (Br−), TCO2,
The removal rate of U and Mo from seawater by sedimentary reactions was found to agree with the rate of accumulation of authigenic U and Mo in the solid phase. The fluxes of U and Mo determined by in situ benthic flux chamber measurements were the largest that have been measured to date. These results confirm that removal of redox-sensitive metals from continental margin sediments underlying oxic bottom water is important, and suggest that continental margin sediments play a key role in the marine budgets of these metals.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.016","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Morford, J., Martin, W.R., Kalnejais, L., Francois, R., Bothner, M., and Karle, I., 2007, Insights on geochemical cycling of U, Re and Mo from seasonal sampling in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 71, no. 4, p. 895-917, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.016.","startPage":"895","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477173,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1623","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.016"},{"id":242602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c21e4b0c8380cd62ac2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morford, J.L.","contributorId":82145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morford","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, W. R.","contributorId":27690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalnejais, Linda H.","contributorId":36376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalnejais","given":"Linda H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Francois, R.","contributorId":107911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francois","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Karle, I.-M.","contributorId":16238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karle","given":"I.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032055,"text":"70032055 - 2007 - Sensitivity of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032055","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sensitivity of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data revisited","docAbstract":"Rayleigh-wave phase velocity of a layered earth model is a function of frequency and four groups of earth properties: P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity (Vs), density, and thickness of layers. Analysis of the Jacobian matrix (or the difference method) provides a measure of dispersion curve sensitivity to earth properties. Vs is the dominant influence for the fundamental mode (Xia et al., 1999) and higher modes (Xia et al., 2003) of dispersion curves in a high frequency range (>2 Hz) followed by layer thickness. These characteristics are the foundation of determining S-wave velocities by inversion of Rayleigh-wave data. More applications of surface-wave techniques show an anomalous velocity layer such as a high-velocity layer (HVL) or a low-velocity layer (LVL) commonly exists in near-surface materials. Spatial location (depth) of an anomalous layer is usually the most important information that surface-wave techniques are asked to provide. Understanding and correctly defining the sensitivity of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data due to depth of an anomalous velocity layer are crucial in applying surface-wave techniques to obtain a Vs profile and/or determine the depth of an anomalous layer. Because depth is not a direct earth property of a layered model, changes in depth will result in changes in other properties. Modeling results show that sensitivity at a given depth calculated by the difference method is dependent on the Vs difference (contrast) between an anomalous layer and surrounding layers. The larger the contrast is, the higher the sensitivity due to depth of the layer. Therefore, the Vs contrast is a dominant contributor to sensitivity of Rayleigh-wave data due to depth of an anomalous layer. Modeling results also suggest that the most sensitive depth for an HVL is at about the middle of the depth to the half-space, but for an LVL it is near the ground surface. ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2792614","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., and Ivanov, J., 2007, Sensitivity of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data revisited, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 26, no. 1, p. 1142-1146, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2792614.","startPage":"1142","endPage":"1146","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214781,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2792614"},{"id":242532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d30e4b08c986b3182c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031806,"text":"70031806 - 2007 - Evidence for and implications of sedimentary diapirism and mud volcanism in the southern Utopia highland-lowland boundary plain, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T08:55:58","indexId":"70031806","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for and implications of sedimentary diapirism and mud volcanism in the southern Utopia highland-lowland boundary plain, Mars","docAbstract":"Several types of spatially associated landforms in the southern Utopia Planitia highland–lowland boundary (HLB) plain appear to have resulted from localized geologic activity, including (1) fractured rises, (2) elliptical mounds, (3) pitted cones with emanating lobate materials, and (4) isolated and coalesced cavi (depressions). Stratigraphic analysis indicates these features are Hesperian or younger and may be associated with resurfacing that preferentially destroyed smaller (
The Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models (RELM) project aims to produce and evaluate alternate models of earthquake potential (probability per unit volume, magnitude, and time) for California. Based on differing assumptions, these models are produced to test the validity of their assumptions and to explore which models should be incorporated in seismic hazard and risk evaluation. Tests based on physical and geological criteria are useful but we focus on statistical methods using future earthquake catalog data only. We envision two evaluations: a test of consistency with observed data and a comparison of all pairs of models for relative consistency. Both tests are based on the likelihood method, and both are fully prospective (i.e., the models are not adjusted to fit the test data). To be tested, each model must assign a probability to any possible event within a specified region of space, time, and magnitude. For our tests the models must use a common format: earthquake rates in specified “bins” with location, magnitude, time, and focal mechanism limits.
Seismology cannot yet deterministically predict individual earthquakes; however, it should seek the best possible models for forecasting earthquake occurrence. This paper describes the statistical rules of an experiment to examine and test earthquake forecasts. The primary purposes of the tests described below are to evaluate physical models for earthquakes, assure that source models used in seismic hazard and risk studies are consistent with earthquake data, and provide quantitative measures by which models can be assigned weights in a consensus model or be judged as suitable for particular regions.
In this paper we develop a statistical method for testing earthquake likelihood models. A companion paper (Schorlemmer and Gerstenberger 2007, this issue) discusses the actual implementation of these tests in the framework of the RELM initiative.
Statistical testing of hypotheses is a common task and a wide range of possible testing procedures exist. Jolliffe and Stephenson (2003) present different forecast verifications from atmospheric science, among them likelihood testing of probability forecasts and testing the occurrence of binary events. Testing binary events requires that for each forecasted event, the spatial, temporal and magnitude limits be given. Although major earthquakes can be considered binary events, the models within the RELM project express their forecasts on a spatial grid and in 0.1 magnitude units; thus the results are a distribution of rates over space and magnitude. These forecasts can be tested with likelihood tests.
In general, likelihood tests assume a valid null hypothesis against which a given hypothesis is tested. The outcome is either a rejection of the null hypothesis in favor of the test hypothesis or a nonrejection, meaning the test hypothesis cannot outperform the null hypothesis at a given significance level. Within RELM, there is no accepted null hypothesis and thus the likelihood test needs to be expanded to allow comparable testing of equipollent hypotheses.
To test models against one another, we require that forecasts are expressed in a standard format: the average rate of earthquake occurrence within pre-specified limits of hypocentral latitude, longitude, depth, magnitude, time period, and focal mechanisms. Focal mechanisms should either be described as the inclination of P-axis, declination of P-axis, and inclination of the T-axis, or as strike, dip, and rake angles. Schorlemmer and Gerstenberger (2007, this issue) designed classes of these parameters such that similar models will be tested against each other. These classes make the forecasts comparable between models. Additionally, we are limited to testing only what is precisely defined and consistently reported in earthquake catalogs. Therefore it is currently not possible to test such information as fault rupture length or area, asperity location, etc. Also, to account for data quality issues, we allow for location and magnitude uncertainties as well as the probability that an event is dependent on another event.
As we mentioned above, only models with comparable forecasts can be tested against each other. Our current tests are designed to examine grid-based models. This requires that any fault-based model be adapted to a grid before testing is possible. While this is a limitation of the testing, it is an inherent difficulty in any such comparative testing. Please refer to appendix B for a statistical evaluation of the application of the Poisson hypothesis to fault-based models.
The testing suite we present consists of three different tests: L-Test, N-Test, and R-Test. These tests are defined similarily to Kagan and Jackson (1995). The first two tests examine the consistency of the hypotheses with the observations while the last test compares the spatial performances of the models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.78.1.17","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Schorlemmer, D., Gerstenberger, M., Wiemer, S., Jackson, D., and Rhoades, D., 2007, Earthquake likelihood model testing: Seismological Research Letters, v. 78, no. 1, p. 17-29, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.78.1.17.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04f5e4b0c8380cd50bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schorlemmer, D.","contributorId":30468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorlemmer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerstenberger, M.C.","contributorId":51977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerstenberger","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemer, S.","contributorId":22115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, D.D.","contributorId":41011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rhoades, D.A.","contributorId":45121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhoades","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032024,"text":"70032024 - 2007 - Scaling local species-habitat relations to the larger landscape with a hierarchical spatial count model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032024","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling local species-habitat relations to the larger landscape with a hierarchical spatial count model","docAbstract":"Much of what is known about avian species-habitat relations has been derived from studies of birds at local scales. It is entirely unclear whether the relations observed at these scales translate to the larger landscape in a predictable linear fashion. We derived habitat models and mapped predicted abundances for three forest bird species of eastern North America using bird counts, environmental variables, and hierarchical models applied at three spatial scales. Our purpose was to understand habitat associations at multiple spatial scales and create predictive abundance maps for purposes of conservation planning at a landscape scale given the constraint that the variables used in this exercise were derived from local-level studies. Our models indicated a substantial influence of landscape context for all species, many of which were counter to reported associations at finer spatial extents. We found land cover composition provided the greatest contribution to the relative explained variance in counts for all three species; spatial structure was second in importance. No single spatial scale dominated any model, indicating that these species are responding to factors at multiple spatial scales. For purposes of conservation planning, areas of predicted high abundance should be investigated to evaluate the conservation potential of the landscape in their general vicinity. In addition, the models and spatial patterns of abundance among species suggest locations where conservation actions may benefit more than one species. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-006-9005-2","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W., and Knutson, M.G., 2007, Scaling local species-habitat relations to the larger landscape with a hierarchical spatial count model: Landscape Ecology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 61-75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9005-2.","startPage":"61","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9005-2"},{"id":242565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8716e4b08c986b3162e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031803,"text":"70031803 - 2007 - Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70031803","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies","docAbstract":"The existence of individual prey specializations has been reported for an ever-growing number of taxa, and has important ramifications for our understanding of predator-prey dynamics. We use the California sea otter population as a case study to validate the use of archival time-depth data to detect and measure differences in foraging behaviour and diet. We collected observational foraging data from radio-tagged sea otters that had been equipped with Mk9 time depth recorders (TDRs, Wildlife Computers, Redmond, WA). After recapturing the study animals and retrieving the TDRs it was possible to compare the two data types, by matching individual dives from the TDR record with observational data and thus examining behavioural correlates of capture success and prey species. Individuals varied with respect to prey selection, aggregating into one of three distinct dietary specializations. A number of TDR-derived parameters, particularly dive depth and post-dive surface interval, differed predictably between specialist types. A combination of six dive parameters was particularly useful for discriminating between specialist types, and when incorporated into a multivariate cluster analysis, these six parameters resulted in classification of 13 adult female sea otters into three clusters that corresponded almost perfectly to the diet-based classification (1 out of 13 animals was misclassified). Thus based solely on quantifiable traits of time-depth data that have been collected over an appropriate period (in this case 1 year per animal), it was possible to assign female sea otters to diet type with >90% accuracy. TDR data can thus be used as a tool to measure the degree of individual specialization in sea otter populations, a conclusion that will likely apply to other diving marine vertebrates as well. Our ultimate goals must be both to understand the causes of individual specialization, and to incorporate such variation into models of population- and community-level food web dynamics. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., Costa, D., Estes, J.A., and Wieringa, N., 2007, Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 54, no. 3-4, p. 330-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012.","startPage":"330","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012"},{"id":240158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a9ce4b0c8380cd61e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, D.P.","contributorId":29210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wieringa, N.","contributorId":99372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieringa","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031991,"text":"70031991 - 2007 - Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for monitoring bridge scour","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031991","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for monitoring bridge scour","docAbstract":"Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data were acquired across shallow streams and/or drainage ditches at 10 bridge sites in Missouri by maneuvering the antennae across the surface of the water and riverbank from the bridge deck, manually or by boat. The acquired two-dimensional and three-dimensional data sets accurately image the channel bottom, demonstrating that the GPR tool can be used to estimate and/or monitor water depths in shallow fluvial environments. The study results demonstrate that the GPR tool is a safe and effective tool for measuring and/or monitoring scour in proximity to bridges. The technique can be used to safely monitor scour at assigned time intervals during peak flood stages, thereby enabling owners to take preventative action prior to potential failure. The GPR tool can also be used to investigate depositional and erosional patterns over time, thereby elucidating these processes on a local scale. In certain instances, in-filled scour features can also be imaged and mapped. This information may be critically important to those engaged in bridge design. GPR has advantages over other tools commonly employed for monitoring bridge scour (reflection seismic profiling, echo sounding, and electrical conductivity probing). The tool doesn't need to be coupled to the water, can be moved rapidly across (or above) the surface of a stream, and provides an accurate depth-structure model of the channel bottom and subchannel bottom sediments. The GPR profiles can be extended across emerged sand bars or onto the shore.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.1","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Anderson, N., Ismael, A., and Thitimakorn, T., 2007, Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for monitoring bridge scour: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214810,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.1"},{"id":242562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2b74e4b0c8380cd5b9c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, N.L.","contributorId":55129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ismael, A.M.","contributorId":88168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ismael","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thitimakorn, T.","contributorId":75770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thitimakorn","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031971,"text":"70031971 - 2007 - Modelingevapotranspirationina sub-tropical climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031971","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2257,"text":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelingevapotranspirationina sub-tropical climate","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) loss is estimated at about 80-85% of annual precipitation in South Florida. Accurate prediction of ET is important during and beyond the implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). In the USDA's Everglades Agro-Hydrology Model (EAHM) the soil water intake is linked with the soil water redistribution, soil evaporation, plant transpiration, subsurface lateral flow and subsurface drainage to calculate daily root zone soil water content. Hydrometeorological data from three sites with different soil moisture content and vegetal cover were used to evaluate the EAHM ET routine. In general, the EAHM water balance sub-model simulated the daily ET with acceptable accuracy in the area with standing water (Everglades) while using the Penman method. However, in the area with grass cover, there was a discrepancy between the model simulated and measured ET using either the Penman or the Priestley-Taylor method. The results indicated that in the region with two distinct climate patterns: dry (low humidity, more wind, and less precipitation) and wet (high humidity, less wind and more rainfall) such as South Florida, a combination method like Penman should be used for prediction of daily ET. However, in order to improve the predictability of the ET methods, information about surface albedo is needed for land surfaces with grass vegetation during the growing season.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10583912","usgsCitation":"Savabi, M., Cochrane, T., German, E., Ikiz, C., and Cockshutt, N., 2007, Modelingevapotranspirationina sub-tropical climate: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 15, p. 1-15.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c5ee4b0c8380cd6fc35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savabi, M.R.","contributorId":25376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savabi","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochrane, T.A.","contributorId":42447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"German, E.","contributorId":45133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ikiz, C.","contributorId":101901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikiz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cockshutt, N.","contributorId":43187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockshutt","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031970,"text":"70031970 - 2007 - Sea level rise in Tampa Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-26T17:34:01.08709","indexId":"70031970","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea level rise in Tampa Bay","docAbstract":"Understanding relative sea level (RSL) rise during periods of rapid climatic change is critical for evaluating modern sea level rise given the vulnerability of Antarctic ice shelves to collapse [Hodgson et al, 2006], the retreat of the world's glaciers [Oerlemans, 2005], and mass balance trends of the Greenland ice sheet [Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2006]. The first-order pattern of global sea level rise following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21,000 years ago) is well established from coral [Fairbanks, 1989], continental shelf [Hanebuth et al, 2000], and other records [Pirazzoli, 2000] and has been integrated into a global ICE-5G model of glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) [Peltier, 2004]. However, uncertainty introduced by paleo water depth of sea level indicators, radiocarbon chronology (i.e., reservoir corrections for marine shell dates), postglacial isostatic adjustment, and other processes affecting vertical position of former shorelines produces scatter in RSL curves, limiting our knowledge of sea level rise during periods of rapid glacial decay.
One example of this limitation is the Gulf of Mexico/Florida region where, despite decades of study, RSL curves produce two conflicting patterns: those showing progressive submergence with a decelerating rate during the past 5000 years [Scholl et al, 1969] and those showing high sea level during the middle of the Holocene [Blum et al, 2001; Balsillie and Donoghue, 2004], where the Holocene represents a geologic epoch that extends from about 10,000 years ago to present times. This discrepancy is emblematic of the uncertainty surrounding Holocene sea level and ice volume history in general.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007EO100002","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T., Edgar, N., Brooks, G.L., Hastings, D., Larson, R., Hine, A., Locker, S., Suthard, B., Flower, B., Hollander, D., Wehmiller, J., Willard, D., and Smith, S., 2007, Sea level rise in Tampa Bay: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 88, no. 10, p. 117-118, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007EO100002.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007eo100002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.70233154296875,\n 27.632440508426797\n ],\n [\n -82.5677490234375,\n 27.586197857692664\n ],\n [\n -82.41668701171875,\n 27.661636331915222\n ],\n [\n -82.37274169921875,\n 27.817215593059487\n ],\n [\n -82.386474609375,\n 27.97984914504167\n ],\n [\n -82.73254394531249,\n 28.05259082333986\n ],\n [\n -82.70233154296875,\n 27.632440508426797\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87ebe4b08c986b316716","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edgar, N.T.","contributorId":35812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Gillian L.","contributorId":31033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Gillian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hastings, D.","contributorId":43186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, R.","contributorId":30438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hine, A.","contributorId":96107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Locker, S.","contributorId":72218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Suthard, B.","contributorId":103105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suthard","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Flower, B.","contributorId":51116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flower","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hollander, D.","contributorId":52417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollander","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wehmiller, J.","contributorId":20997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmiller","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Smith, S.","contributorId":20698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70031969,"text":"70031969 - 2007 - Surface drifter derived circulation in the northern and middle Adriatic Sea: Response to wind regime and season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031969","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface drifter derived circulation in the northern and middle Adriatic Sea: Response to wind regime and season","docAbstract":"More than 120 satellite-tracked drifters were deployed in the northern and middle Adriatic (NMA) Sea between September 2002 and November 2003, with the purpose of studying the surface circulation at mesoscale to seasonal scale in relation to wind forcing, river runoff, and bottom topography. Pseudo-Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics were calculated from the low-pass-filtered drifter velocity data between September 2002 and December 2003. The structure of the mean circulation is determined with unprecedented high horizontal resolution by the new data. In particular, mean currents, velocity variance, and kinetic energy levels are shown to be maximal in the Western Adriatic Current (WAC). Separating data into seasons, we found that the mean kinetic energy is maximal in fall, with high values also in winter, while it is significantly weaker in summer. High-resolution Local Area Model Italy winds were used to relate the drifter velocities to the wind fields. The surface currents appear to be significantly influenced by the winds. The mean flow during the northeasterly bora regime shows an intensification of the across-basin recirculating currents. In addition, the WAC is strongly intensified both in intensity and in its offshore lateral extension. In the southeasterly sirocco regime, northward flow without recirculation dominates in the eastern half of the basin, while during northwesterly maestro the WAC is enhanced. Separating the data into low and high Po River discharge rates for low-wind conditions shows that the WAC and the velocity fluctuations in front of the Po delta are stronger for high Po River runoff. Lagrangian covariance, diffusivity, and integral time and space scales are larger in the along-basin direction and are maximal in the southern portion of the WAC. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JC003177","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ursella, L., Poulain, P., and Signell, R.P., 2007, Surface drifter derived circulation in the northern and middle Adriatic Sea: Response to wind regime and season: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 112, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003177.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487040,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jc003177","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003177"},{"id":242757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fa5e4b08c986b31e74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ursella, L.","contributorId":55658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ursella","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poulain, P.-M.","contributorId":81230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulain","given":"P.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031966,"text":"70031966 - 2007 - Incorporating availability for detection in estimates of bird abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T12:58:12","indexId":"70031966","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating availability for detection in estimates of bird abundance","docAbstract":"Several bird-survey methods have been proposed that provide an estimated detection probability so that bird-count statistics can be used to estimate bird abundance. However, some of these estimators adjust counts of birds observed by the probability that a bird is detected and assume that all birds are available to be detected at the time of the survey. We marked male Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) and Grasshopper Sparrows (A. savannarum) and monitored their behavior during May-July 2002 and 2003 to estimate the proportion of time they were available for detection. We found that the availability of Henslow's Sparrows declined in late June to <10% for 5- or 10-min point counts when a male had to sing and be visible to the observer; but during 20 May-19 June, males were available for detection 39.1% (SD = 27.3) of the time for 5-min point counts and 43.9% (SD = 28.9) of the time for 10-min point counts (n = 54). We detected no temporal changes in availability for Grasshopper Sparrows, but estimated availability to be much lower for 5-min point counts (10.3%, SD = 12.2) than for 10-min point counts (19.2%, SD = 22.3) when males had to be visible and sing during the sampling period (n = 80). For distance sampling, we estimated the availability of Henslow's Sparrows to be 44.2% (SD = 29.0) and the availability of Grasshopper Sparrows to be 20.6% (SD = 23.5). We show how our estimates of availability can be incorporated in the abundance and variance estimators for distance sampling and modify the abundance and variance estimators for the double-observer method. Methods that directly estimate availability from bird counts but also incorporate detection probabilities need further development and will be important for obtaining unbiased estimates of abundance for these species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[96:IAFDIE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D., Marshall, M., Mattice, J., and Brauning, D., 2007, Incorporating availability for detection in estimates of bird abundance: The Auk, v. 124, no. 1, p. 96-106, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[96:IAFDIE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e6e4b0c8380cd61a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, M.R.","contributorId":82427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattice, J.A.","contributorId":12705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattice","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brauning, D.W.","contributorId":45129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brauning","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031965,"text":"70031965 - 2007 - Prioritizing bottomland hardwood forest sites for protection and augmentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T12:01:24","indexId":"70031965","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prioritizing bottomland hardwood forest sites for protection and augmentation","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood forest has been greatly diminished by conversion to agriculture. Less than 25% of the pre-Columbian bottomland hardwood forests remain in the southeastern United States. Because of the valuable ecological and hydrological functions performed by these forests, their conservation and restoration has been a high priority. Part of these restoration efforts has focused on developing tools that can be used for both assessments at the landscape level and policy implementation at the local level. The distribution of bottomland hardwood forests in the Cache and White River watersheds in eastern Arkansas were examined using existing GIS databases. Criteria were developed to select areas that should be conserved or augmented for wildlife habitat. Over 67% of the study area was classified as agriculture, with bottomland hardwood forest the next largest habitat class. The thickness of a forest fragment was defined as the radius of the largest circle that can be inscribed in a fragment. Thickness was used in three ways. First, individual forest fragments were identified and selected based on ecological function using criteria we established. Second, individual fragments that were too small to support interior species, but large enough that if moderately augmented they could recover that function, were identified and selected. These augmentable fragments were further prioritized by adjacency to habitat that might be suitable for reforestation, namely agriculture. Third, watersheds were prioritized for conservation and augmentation based on the size and distributions of forest fragment thickness and area within each watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[72:PBHFSF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., and Biagas, J., 2007, Prioritizing bottomland hardwood forest sites for protection and augmentation: Natural Areas Journal, v. 27, no. 1, p. 72-82, https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[72:PBHFSF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 36.16892253622743\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 36.16892253622743\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 33.89321737944089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c71e4b0c8380cd7e6bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, J. 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":81839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biagas, J. 0000-0001-5548-1970","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-1970","contributorId":51558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biagas","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031963,"text":"70031963 - 2007 - Lack of size selectivity for paddlefish captured in hobbled gillnets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031963","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lack of size selectivity for paddlefish captured in hobbled gillnets","docAbstract":"A commercial fishery for paddlefish Polyodon spathula caviar exists in Kentucky Lake, a reservoir on the lower Tennessee River. A 152-mm (bar-measure) minimum mesh size restriction on entanglement gear was enacted in 2002 and the minimum size limit was increased to 864 mm eye-fork length to reduce the possibility of recruitment overfishing. Paddlefish were sampled in 2003-2004 using experimental monofilament gillnets with panels of 89, 102, 127, 152, 178, and 203-mm meshes and the efficacy of the mesh size restriction was evaluated. Following the standards of commercial gear used in that fishery, nets were \"hobbled\" (i.e., 128 m ?? 3.6 m nets were tied down to 2.4 m; 91 m ?? 9.1 m nets were tied down to 7.6 m). The mean lengths of paddlefish (Ntotal = 576 fish) captured in each mesh were similar among most meshes and bycatch rates of sublegal fish did not vary with mesh size. Selectivity curves could not be modeled because the mean and modal lengths of fish captured in each mesh did not increase with mesh size. Ratios of fish girth to mesh perimeter (G:P) for individual fish were often less than 1.0 as a result of the largest meshes capturing small paddlefish. It is unclear whether lack of size selectivity for paddlefish was because the gillnets were hobbled, the unique morphology of paddlefish, or the fact that they swim with their mouths agape when filter feeding. The lack of size selectivity by hobbled gillnets fished in Kentucky Lake means that managers cannot influence the size of paddlefish captured by commercial gillnet gear by changing minimum mesh size regulations. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.005","issn":"01657836","usgsCitation":"Scholten, G., and Bettoli, P., 2007, Lack of size selectivity for paddlefish captured in hobbled gillnets: Fisheries Research, v. 83, no. 2-3, p. 355-359, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.005.","startPage":"355","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214899,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.005"},{"id":242657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a412de4b0c8380cd6536e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholten, G.D.","contributorId":39184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholten","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, P.W.","contributorId":80606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031935,"text":"70031935 - 2007 - Geostatistical three-dimensional modeling of oolite shoals, St. Louis Limestone, southwest Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031935","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical three-dimensional modeling of oolite shoals, St. Louis Limestone, southwest Kansas","docAbstract":"In the Hugoton embayment of southwestern Kansas, reservoirs composed of relatively thin (<4 m; <13.1 ft) oolitic deposits within the St. Louis Limestone have produced more than 300 million bbl of oil. The geometry and distribution of oolitic deposits control the heterogeneity of the reservoirs, resulting in exploration challenges and relatively low recovery. Geostatistical three-dimensional (3-D) models were constructed to quantify the geometry and spatial distribution of oolitic reservoirs, and the continuity of flow units within Big Bow and Sand Arroyo Creek fields. Lithofacies in uncored wells were predicted from digital logs using a neural network. The tilting effect from the Laramide orogeny was removed to construct restored structural surfaces at the time of deposition. Well data and structural maps were integrated to build 3-D models of oolitic reservoirs using stochastic simulations with geometry data. Three-dimensional models provide insights into the distribution, the external and internal geometry of oolitic deposits, and the sedimentologic processes that generated reservoir intervals. The structural highs and general structural trend had a significant impact on the distribution and orientation of the oolitic complexes. The depositional pattern and connectivity analysis suggest an overall aggradation of shallow-marine deposits during pulses of relative sea level rise followed by deepening near the top of the St. Louis Limestone. Cemented oolitic deposits were modeled as barriers and baffles and tend to concentrate at the edge of oolitic complexes. Spatial distribution of porous oolitic deposits controls the internal geometry of rock properties. Integrated geostatistical modeling methods can be applicable to other complex carbonate or siliciclastic reservoirs in shallow-marine settings. Copyright ?? 2007. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/08090605167","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Qi, L., Carr, T., and Goldstein, R., 2007, Geostatistical three-dimensional modeling of oolite shoals, St. Louis Limestone, southwest Kansas: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 91, no. 1, p. 69-96, https://doi.org/10.1306/08090605167.","startPage":"69","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/08090605167"},{"id":242754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b3e4b0c8380cd5a326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, L.","contributorId":70986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031777,"text":"70031777 - 2007 - Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T11:11:46","indexId":"70031777","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake","docAbstract":"Isotopically enriched Hg (90% 202Hg) was added to a small lake in Ontario, Canada, at a rate equivalent to approximately threefold the annual direct atmospheric deposition rate that is typical of the northeastern United States. The Hg spike was thoroughly mixed into the epilimnion in nine separate events at two-week intervals throughout the summer growing season for three consecutive years. We measured concentrations of spike and ambient dissolved gaseous Hg (DGM) concentrations in surface water and the rate of volatilization of Hg from the lake on four separate, week-long sampling periods using floating dynamic flux chambers. The relationship between empirically measured rates of spike-Hg evasion were evaluated as functions of DGM concentration, wind velocity, and solar illumination. No individual environmental variable proved to be a strong predictor of the evasion flux. The DGM-normalized flux (expressed as the mass transfer coefficient, k) varied with wind velocity in a manner consistent with existing models of evasion of volatile solutes from natural waters but was higher than model estimates at low wind velocity. The empirical data were used to construct a description of evasion flux as a function of total dissolved Hg, wind, and solar illumination. That model was then applied to data for three summers for the experiment to generate estimates of Hg re-emission from the lake surface to the atmosphere. Based on ratios of spike Hg to ambient Hg in DGM and dissolved total Hg pools, ratios of DGM to total Hg in spike and ambient Hg pools, and flux estimates of spike and ambient Hg, we concluded that the added Hg spike was chemically indistinguishable from the ambient Hg in its behavior. Approximately 45% of Hg added to the lake over the summer was lost via volatilization.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-148R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Southworth, G., Lindberg, S., Hintelmann, H., Amyot, M., Poulain, A., Bogle, M., Peterson, M., Rudd, J., Harris, R., Sandilands, K., Krabbenhoft, D., and Olsen, M.L., 2007, Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 1, p. 53-60, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-148R.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-148R.1"},{"id":239777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","city":"Ontario","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d21e4b0c8380cd52e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, G.","contributorId":51095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, S.","contributorId":71341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amyot, M.","contributorId":85404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amyot","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poulain, A.","contributorId":86171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulain","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bogle, M.","contributorId":71384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peterson, M.","contributorId":71514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rudd, J.","contributorId":92054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harris, R. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":13382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sandilands, K.","contributorId":101456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandilands","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":118001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David P.","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Olsen, Mark L.","contributorId":63852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70031771,"text":"70031771 - 2007 - Characterization of post-fire surface cover, soils, and burn severity at the Cerro Grande Fire, New Mexico, using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031771","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of post-fire surface cover, soils, and burn severity at the Cerro Grande Fire, New Mexico, using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing","docAbstract":"Forest fires leave behind a changed ecosystem with a patchwork of surface cover that includes ash, charred organic matter, soils and soil minerals, and dead, damaged, and living vegetation. The distributions of these materials affect post-fire processes of erosion, nutrient cycling, and vegetation regrowth. We analyzed high spatial resolution (2.4??m pixel size) Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data collected over the Cerro Grande fire, to map post-fire surface cover into 10 classes, including ash, soil minerals, scorched conifer trees, and green vegetation. The Cerro Grande fire occurred near Los Alamos, New Mexico, in May 2000. The AVIRIS data were collected September 3, 2000. The surface cover map revealed complex patterns of ash, iron oxide minerals, and clay minerals in areas of complete combustion. Scorched conifer trees, which retained dry needles heated by the fire but not fully combusted by the flames, were found to cover much of the post-fire landscape. These scorched trees were found in narrow zones at the edges of completely burned areas. A surface cover map was also made using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) data, collected September 5, 2000, and a maximum likelihood, supervised classification. When compared to AVIRIS, the Landsat classification grossly overestimated cover by dry conifer and ash classes and severely underestimated soil and green vegetation cover. In a comparison of AVIRIS surface cover to the Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation (BAER) map of burn severity, the BAER high burn severity areas did not capture the variable patterns of post-fire surface cover by ash, soil, and scorched conifer trees seen in the AVIRIS map. The BAER map, derived from air photos, also did not capture the distribution of scorched trees that were observed in the AVIRIS map. Similarly, the moderate severity class of Landsat-derived burn severity maps generated from the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) calculation had low agreement with the AVIRIS classes of scorched conifer trees. Burn severity and surface cover images were found to contain complementary information, with the dNBR map presenting an image of degree of change caused by fire and the AVIRIS-derived map showing specific surface cover resulting from fire.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.08.006","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., Rockwell, B., Haire, S., and King, T.V., 2007, Characterization of post-fire surface cover, soils, and burn severity at the Cerro Grande Fire, New Mexico, using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 106, no. 3, p. 305-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.08.006.","startPage":"305","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212224,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.08.006"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d6e4b0c8380cd4bf5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, R.F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":42381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockwell, B.W.","contributorId":73396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haire, S.L.","contributorId":23503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haire","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, T. V. V.","contributorId":6192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031770,"text":"70031770 - 2007 - Two lithospheric profiles across southern California derived from gravity and seismic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T14:52:06.103758","indexId":"70031770","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two lithospheric profiles across southern California derived from gravity and seismic data","docAbstract":"We present two detailed 2-D density transects for the crust and uppermost mantle across southern California using a linear gravity inversion technique. This technique parameterizes the crust and upper mantle as a set of blocks that are based on published geologic and seismic models. Each block can have a range of densities that are constrained where possible by borehole measurements, seismic velocities, and petrologic data. To further constrain the models, it is assumed that the lithosphere is close to isostatic equilibrium at both ends of the profiles, in the deep ocean and east of the Mojave Desert. We calculate the lithostatic pressure variations field for the whole cross section to rule out the geophysically insignificant solutions. In the linear equation, ρ = a + bV (V, seismic P-wave velocity; ρ, density), which approximates the mantle density–velocity (ρ–V) relationship, different coefficients for b were evaluated. Lower coefficients (b < 0.2) correspond to an almost purely thermally perturbed mantle, while higher coefficients (b > 0.3) imply that other effects, such as composition and/or metamorphic changes, play an important role in the mantle. Density models were constructed with the coefficient b ranging from 0 to 0.6. The results indicate that a high b value in the mantle ρ–V relationship is associated with less dense crust in the Mojave block and more dense crust in the Catalina schist block. In the less dense Mojave block, the average density of the whole crust is ∼2.75 g/cm3, while that of the lower crust is ∼2.72 g/cm3. These densities imply a high silica content in the crust, and a minor fraction of basic rock in the lower crust, or perhaps the absence of a basaltic layer altogether. By comparison, the average density of a typical continental stable platform is ∼2.85 g/cm3. Models with higher b coefficients (0.5–0.6) are characterized by a large isostatic imbalance. On the other hand, lower b values (0–0.2) require a consolidated whole crust density in the Mojave Desert of ∼2.78 g/cm3, and a lower crust density of ∼2.89 g/cm3 with mostly basaltic composition. This contradicts the observed, lower Vp/Vs-ratio in the Mojave Desert associated with mostly felsic and low-density crust. Models with lower b coefficients (0.1–0.2) are characterized by an absence of local Airy compensation beneath the San Gabriel Mountains at the LARSE-1 profile. These, and other non-gravity arguments, suggest optimal solutions to the mantle ρ–V relation of b ∼ 0.2–0.4. This, in turn, means that both thermal and petrological effects occur inside the downwelling of the uppermost mantle high velocity body located beneath the Transverse Ranges. During the development of this mantle downwelling, the basaltic layer of the Mojave block was likely eroded and pulled down into the high velocity body. Those basaltic fragments may have been transformed into eclogites, and this metamorphic change implies a higher b-coefficient density–velocity relationship than would be expected for a purely thermal process.
Following the reintroduction of fire Bromus tectorum has invaded the low elevation ponderosa pine forests in parts of Kings Canyon National Park, California. We used prescribed burns, other field manipulations, germination studies, and structural equation modelling, to investigate how fire and other factors affect the persistence of cheatgrass in these forests. Our studies show that altering burning season to coincide with seed maturation is not likely to control cheatgrass because sparse fuel loads generate low fire intensity. Increasing time between prescribed fires may inhibit cheatgrass by increasing surface fuels (both herbaceous and litter), which directly inhibit cheatgrass establishment, and by creating higher intensity fires capable of killing a much greater fraction of the seed bank. Using structural equation modelling, postfire cheatgrass dominance was shown to be most strongly controlled by the prefire cheatgrass seedbank; other factors include soil moisture, fire intensity, soil N, and duration of direct sunlight. Current fire management goals in western conifer forests are focused on restoring historical fire regimes; however, these frequent fire regimes may enhance alien plant invasion in some forest types. Where feasible, fire managers should consider the option of an appropriate compromise between reducing serious fire hazards and exacerbating alien plant invasions.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WF06052","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and McGinnis, T., 2007, Impact of prescribed fire and other factors on cheatgrass persistence in a Sierra Nevada ponderosa pine forest: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 16, no. 1, p. 96-106, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF06052.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38c4e4b0c8380cd616ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGinnis, T.W.","contributorId":30949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031743,"text":"70031743 - 2007 - Chronology of Miocene-Pliocene deposits at Split Mountain Gorge, Southern California: A record of regional tectonics and Colorado River evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031743","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology of Miocene-Pliocene deposits at Split Mountain Gorge, Southern California: A record of regional tectonics and Colorado River evolution","docAbstract":"Late Miocene to early Pliocene deposit at Split Mountain Gorge, California, preserve a record of basinal response to changes in regional tectonics, paleogeography, and evolution of the Colorado River. The base of the Elephant Trees Formation, magnetostratigraphically dated as 8.1 ?? 0.4 Ma, provides the earliest well-dated record of extension in the southwestern Salton Trough. The oldest marine sediments are ca. 6.3 Ma. The nearly synchronous timing of marine incursion in the Salton Trough and northern Gulf of California region supports a model for localization of Pacific-North America plate motion in the Gulf ca. 6 Ma. The first appearance of Colorado River sand at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary (5.33 Ma) suggests rapid propagation of the river to the Salton Trough, and supports a lake-spillover hypothesis for initiation of the lower Colorado River. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G23139A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Dorsey, R., Fluette, A., McDougall, K., Housen, B., Janecke, S.U., Axen, G., and Shirvell, C., 2007, Chronology of Miocene-Pliocene deposits at Split Mountain Gorge, Southern California: A record of regional tectonics and Colorado River evolution: Geology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 57-60, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23139A.1.","startPage":"57","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23139A.1"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f6e4b0c8380cd4c4fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorsey, R.J.","contributorId":45115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fluette, A.","contributorId":15832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fluette","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDougall, K.","contributorId":106260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Housen, B.A.","contributorId":37958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Housen","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Janecke, S. U.","contributorId":42296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janecke","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Axen, G.J.","contributorId":10052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axen","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shirvell, C.R.","contributorId":62830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirvell","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}