A common break was recognized in four Lake Superior strandplain sequences using geomorphic and sedimentologic characteristics. Strandplains were divided into lakeward and landward sets of beach ridges using aerial photographs and topographic surveys to identify similar surficial features and core data to identify similar subsurface features. Cross-strandplain, elevation-trend changes from a lowering towards the lake in the landward set of beach ridges to a rise or reduction of slope towards the lake in the lakeward set of beach ridges indicates that the break is associated with an outlet change for Lake Superior. Correlation of this break between study sites and age model results for the strandplain sequences suggest that the outlet change occurred sometime after about 2,400 calendar years ago (after the Algoma phase). Age model results from one site (Grand Traverse Bay) suggest an alternate age closer to about 1,200 calendar years ago but age models need to be investigated further. The landward part of the strandplain was deposited when water levels were common in all three upper Great Lakes basins (Superior, Huron, and Michigan) and drained through the Port Huron/Sarnia outlet. The lakeward part was deposited after the Sault outlet started to help regulate water levels in the Lake Superior basin. The landward beach ridges are commonly better defined and continuous across the embayments, more numerous, larger in relief, wider, have greater vegetation density, and intervening swales contain more standing water and peat than the lakeward set. Changes in drainage patterns, foreshore sediment thickness and grain size help in identifying the break between sets in the strandplain sequences. Investigation of these breaks may help identify possible gaps in the record or missing ridges in strandplain sequences that may not be apparent when viewing age distributions and may justify the need for multiple age and glacial isostatic adjustment models. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10933-006-9052-3","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Johnston, J., Thompson, T., Wilcox, D., and Baedke, S., 2007, Geomorphic and sedimentologic evidence for the separation of Lake Superior from Lake Michigan and Huron: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 349-364, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9052-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"364","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476986,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2302","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9052-3"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a277fe4b0c8380cd5993d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, J.W.","contributorId":67260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baedke, S.J.","contributorId":14585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedke","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029957,"text":"70029957 - 2007 - Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70029957","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials","docAbstract":"Competition between native and non-native species can change the composition and structure of plant communities, but in deserts, the highly variable timing of resource availability also influences non-native plant establishment, thus modulating their impacts on native species. In a field experiment, we varied densities of the non-native annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens around individuals of three native Mojave Desert perennials-Larrea tridentata, Achnatherum hymenoides, and Pleuraphis rigida-in either winter or spring. For comparison, additional plots were prepared for the same perennial species and seasons, but with a mixture of native annual species as neighbors. Growth of perennials declined when Bromus was established in winter because Bromus stands had 2-3 months of growth and high water use before perennial growth began. However, water potentials for the perennials were not significantly reduced, suggesting that direct competition for water may not be the major mechanism driving reduced perennial growth. The impact of Bromus on Larrea was lower than for the two perennial grasses, likely because Larrea maintains low growth rates throughout the year, even after Bromus has completed its life cycle. This result contrasts with the perennial grasses, whose phenology completely overlaps with (Achnatherum) or closely follows (Pleuraphis) that of Bromus. In comparison, Bromus plants established in spring were smaller than those established in winter and thus did not effectively reduce growth of the perennials. Growth of perennials with mixed annuals as neighbors also did not differ from those with Bromus neighbors of equivalent biomass, but stands of these native annuals did not achieve the high biomass of Bromus stands that were necessary to reduce perennial growth. Seed dormancy and narrow requirements for seedling survivorship of native annuals produce densities and biomass lower than those achieved by Bromus; thus, impacts of native Mojave Desert annuals on perennials are expected to be lower than those of Bromus. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"DeFalco, L., Fernandez, G., and Nowak, R., 2007, Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials: Biological Invasions, v. 9, no. 3, p. 293-307, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5.","startPage":"293","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5"},{"id":240654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc167e4b08c986b32a563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFalco, L.A.","contributorId":46032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandez, G.C.J.","contributorId":9871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"G.C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowak, R.S.","contributorId":104857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029956,"text":"70029956 - 2007 - Restoring coastal wetlands that were ditched for mosquito control: a preliminary assessment of hydro-leveling as a restoration technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T15:37:40","indexId":"70029956","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2219,"text":"Journal of Coastal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoring coastal wetlands that were ditched for mosquito control: a preliminary assessment of hydro-leveling as a restoration technique","docAbstract":"The wetlands surrounding Tampa Bay, Florida were extensively ditched for mosquito control in the 1950s. Spoil from ditch construction was placed adjacent to the wetlands ditches creating mound-like features (spoil-mounds). These mounds represent a loss of 14% of the wetland area in Tampa Bay. Spoil mounds interfere with tidal flow and are locations for non-native plants to colonize (e.g., Schinus terebinthifolius). Removal of the spoil mounds to eliminate exotic plants, restore native vegetation, and re-establish natural hydrology is a restoration priority for environmental managers. Hydro-leveling, a new technique, was tested in a mangrove forest restoration project in 2004. Hydro-leveling uses a high pressure stream of water to wash sediment from the spoil mound into the adjacent wetland and ditch. To assess the effectiveness of this technique, we conducted vegetation surveys in areas that were hydro-leveled and in non-hydro-leveled areas 3 years post-project. Adult Schinus were reduced but not eliminated from hydro-leveled mounds. Schinus seedlings however were absent from hydro-leveled sites. Colonization by native species was sparse. Mangrove seedlings were essentially absent (≈2 m−2) from the centers of hydro-leveled mounds and were in low density on their edges (17 m−2) in comparison to surrounding mangrove forests (105 m−2). Hydro-leveling resulted in mortality of mangroves adjacent to the mounds being leveled. This was probably caused by burial of pneumatophores during the hydro-leveling process. For hydro-leveling to be a useful and successful restoration technique several requirements must be met. Spoil mounds must be lowered to the level of the surrounding wetlands. Spoil must be distributed further into the adjacent wetland to prevent burial of nearby native vegetation. Finally, native species may need to be planted on hydro-leveled areas to speed up the re-vegetation process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11852-007-0007-2","issn":"14000350","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., Tiling, G., and Leasure, P.S., 2007, Restoring coastal wetlands that were ditched for mosquito control: a preliminary assessment of hydro-leveling as a restoration technique: Journal of Coastal Conservation, v. 11, no. 1, p. 67-74, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-007-0007-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-007-0007-2"},{"id":240624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaadce4b0c8380cd86586","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiling, Ginger","contributorId":82787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiling","given":"Ginger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leasure, Pamela S.","contributorId":50732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leasure","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029955,"text":"70029955 - 2007 - Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of an ephemeral wetland in North Dakota, USA: Relative interactions of ground-water hydrology and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029955","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of an ephemeral wetland in North Dakota, USA: Relative interactions of ground-water hydrology and climate change","docAbstract":"This study of fossils (pollen, plant macrofossils, stomata and fish) and sediments (lithostratigraphy and geochemistry) from the Wendel site in North Dakota, USA, emphasizes the importance of considering ground-water hydrology when deciphering paleoclimate signals from lakes in postglacial landscapes. The Wendel site was a paleolake from about 11,500 14C yr BP to 11,100 14C yr BP. Afterwards, the lake-level lowered until it became a prairie marsh by 9,300 14C yr BP and finally, at 8,500 14C yr BP, an ephemeral wetland as it is today. Meanwhile, the vegetation changed from a white spruce parkland (11,500 to 10,500 14C yr BP) to deciduous parkland, followed by grassland at 9,300 14C yr BP. The pattern and timing of these aquatic and terrestrial changes are similar to coeval kettle lake records from adjacent uplands, providing a regional aridity signal. However, two local sources of ground water were identified from the fossil and geochemical data, which mediated atmospheric inputs to the Wendel basin. First, the paleolake received water from the melting of stagnant ice buried under local till for about 900 years after glacier recession. Later, Holocene droughts probably caused the lower-elevation Wendel site to capture the ground water of up-gradient lakes. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10933-006-9079-5","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Yansa, C., Dean, W., and Murphy, E., 2007, Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of an ephemeral wetland in North Dakota, USA: Relative interactions of ground-water hydrology and climate change: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 38, no. 3, p. 441-457, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9079-5.","startPage":"441","endPage":"457","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9079-5"},{"id":240623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4533e4b0c8380cd670fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yansa, C.H.","contributorId":17406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yansa","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, E.C.","contributorId":86745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029954,"text":"70029954 - 2007 - An evaluation of freshwater mussel toxicity data in the derivation of water quality guidance and standards for copper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T15:47:08","indexId":"70029954","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of freshwater mussel toxicity data in the derivation of water quality guidance and standards for copper","docAbstract":"The state of Oklahoma has designated several areas as freshwater mussel sanctuaries in an attempt to provide freshwater mussel species a degree of protection and to facilitate their reproduction. We evaluated the protection afforded freshwater mussels by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) hardness-based 1996 ambient copper water quality criteria, the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model and the 2005 state of Oklahoma copper water quality standards. Both the criterion maximum concentration and criterion continuous concentration were evaluated. Published acute and chronic copper toxicity data that met American Society for Testing and Materials guidance for test acceptability were obtained for exposures conducted with glochidia or juvenile freshwater mussels. We tabulated toxicity data for glochidia and juveniles to calculate 20 species mean acute values for freshwater mussels. Generally, freshwater mussel species mean acute values were similar to those of the more sensitive species included in the U.S. EPA water quality derivation database. When added to the database of genus mean acute values used in deriving 1996 copper water quality criteria, 14 freshwater mussel genus mean acute values included 10 of the lowest 15 genus mean acute values, with three mussel species having the lowest values. Chronic exposure and sublethal effects freshwater mussel data available for four species and acute to chronic ratios were used to evaluate the criterion continuous concentration. On the basis of the freshwater mussel toxicity data used in this assessment, the hardness-based 1996 U.S. EPA water quality criteria, the 2005 Oklahoma water quality standards, and the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model might need to be revised to afford protection to freshwater mussels. ?? 2007 SETAC.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-560R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"March, F., Dwyer, F., Augspurger, T., Ingersoll, C., Wang, N., and Mebane, C., 2007, An evaluation of freshwater mussel toxicity data in the derivation of water quality guidance and standards for copper: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2066-2074, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-560R.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2066","endPage":"2074","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-560R.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea4be4b0c8380cd48771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"March, F.A.","contributorId":64031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mebane, C.A.","contributorId":84134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029944,"text":"70029944 - 2007 - Compositional zoning of the Bishop Tuff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T19:12:52.621975","indexId":"70029944","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional zoning of the Bishop Tuff","docAbstract":"Compositional data for >400 pumice clasts, organized according to eruptive sequence, crystal content, and texture, provide new perspectives on eruption and pre-eruptive evolution of the >600 km3 of zoned rhyolitic magma ejected as the Bishop Tuff during formation of Long Valley caldera. Proportions and compositions of different pumice types are given for each ignimbrite package and for the intercalated plinian pumice-fall layers that erupted synchronously. Although withdrawal of the zoned magma was less systematic than previously realized, the overall sequence displays trends toward greater proportions of less evolved pumice, more crystals (0·5–24 wt %), and higher FeTi-oxide temperatures (714–818°C). No significant hiatus took place during the 6 day eruption of the Bishop Tuff, nearly all of which issued from an integrated, zoned, unitary reservoir. Shortly before eruption, however, the zoned melt-dominant portion of the chamber was invaded by batches of disparate lower-silica rhyolite magma, poorer in crystals than most of the resident magma but slightly hotter and richer in Ba, Sr, and Ti. Interaction with resident magma at the deepest levels tapped promoted growth of Ti-rich rims on quartz, Ba-rich rims on sanidine, and entrapment of near-rim melt inclusions relatively enriched in Ba and CO2. Varied amounts of mingling, even in higher parts of the chamber, led to the dark gray and swirly crystal-poor pumices sparsely present in all ash-flow packages. As shown by FeTi-oxide geothermometry, the zoned rhyolitic chamber was hottest where crystal-richest, rendering any model of solidification fronts at the walls or roof unlikely. The main compositional gradient (75–195 ppm Rb; 0·8–2·2 ppm Ta; 71–154 ppm Zr; 0·40–1·73% FeO*) existed in the melt, prior to crystallization of the phenocryst suite observed, which included zircon as much as 100 kyr older than the eruption. The compositions of crystals, though themselves largely unzoned, generally reflect magma temperature and the bulk compositional gradient, implying both that few crystals settled or were transported far and that the observed crystals contributed little to establishing that gradient. Upward increases in aqueous gas and dissolved water, combined with the adiabatic gradient (for the ∼ 5 km depth range tapped) and the roofward decline in liquidus temperature of the zoned melt, prevented significant crystallization against the roof, consistent with dominance of crystal-poor magma early in the eruption and lack of any roof-rind fragments among the Bishop ejecta, before or after onset of caldera collapse. A model of secular incremental zoning is advanced wherein numerous batches of crystal-poor melt were released from a mush zone (many kilometers thick) that floored the accumulating rhyolitic melt-rich body. Each batch rose to its own appropriate level in the melt-buoyancy gradient, which was self-sustaining against wholesale convective re-homogenization, while the thick mush zone below buffered it against disruption by the deeper (non-rhyolitic) recharge that augmented the mush zone and thermally sustained the whole magma chamber. Crystal–melt fractionation was the dominant zoning process, but it took place not principally in the shallow melt-rich body but mostly in the pluton-scale mush zone before and during batchwise melt extraction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egm007","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Wilson, C.J., 2007, Compositional zoning of the Bishop Tuff: Journal of Petrology, v. 48, no. 5, p. 951-999, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egm007.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"999","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egm007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bishop Tuff","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.9812469482422,\n 37.541855135522226\n ],\n [\n -118.63586425781249,\n 37.541855135522226\n ],\n [\n -118.63586425781249,\n 37.76474401178003\n ],\n [\n -118.9812469482422,\n 37.76474401178003\n ],\n [\n -118.9812469482422,\n 37.541855135522226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93be4b0c8380cd4d4f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029943,"text":"70029943 - 2007 - Pharmaceuticals in on-site sewage effluent and ground water, Western Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70029943","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pharmaceuticals in on-site sewage effluent and ground water, Western Montana","docAbstract":"Human use of pharmaceuticals results in the excretion and disposal of compounds that become part of municipal and domestic waste streams. On-site waste water disposal and leaking city sewer systems can provide avenues for the migration of effluent to the underlying aquifers. This research assessed the occurrence and persistence of 22 target pharmaceuticals in septic tank effluent and two shallow, coarse-grained aquifers in western Montana. Twelve compounds (acetaminophen, caffeine, codeine, carbamazepine, cotinine, erythromycin-18, nicotine, paraxanthine, ranitidine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and warfarin) were detected in a high school septic tank effluent. Three of the 12 compounds, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, and nicotine, were detected in the underlying sand and gravel aquifer after effluent percolation through a 2.0-m thick sand vadose zone. Sampling of a second sand, gravel, and cobble dominated unconfined aquifer, partially overlain by septic systems and a city sewer system, revealed the presence of caffeine, carbamazepine, cotinine, nicotine, and trimethoprim. The presence of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole in these aquifers appears to correlate with local usage based on a reported monthly prescription volume. This work highlights the need for expanding geochemical investigations of sewage waste impacted ground water systems to include sampling for selected pharmaceuticals. ?? 2007 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00288.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Godfrey, E., Woessner, W., and Benotti, M., 2007, Pharmaceuticals in on-site sewage effluent and ground water, Western Montana: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 3, p. 263-271, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00288.x.","startPage":"263","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00288.x"},{"id":240394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a786ee4b0c8380cd786c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godfrey, E.","contributorId":9865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woessner, W.W.","contributorId":76945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woessner","given":"W.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benotti, M.J.","contributorId":21750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benotti","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029940,"text":"70029940 - 2007 - Ambiguous taxa: Effects on the characterization and interpretation of invertebrate assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T10:46:33","indexId":"70029940","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ambiguous taxa: Effects on the characterization and interpretation of invertebrate assemblages","docAbstract":"Damaged and immature specimens often result in macroinvertebrate data that contain ambiguous parent-child pairs (i.e., abundances associated with multiple related levels of the taxonomic hierarchy such as Baetis pluto and the associated ambiguous parent Baetis sp.). The choice of method used to resolve ambiguous parent-child pairs may have a very large effect on the characterization of invertebrate assemblages and the interpretation of responses to environmental change because very large proportions of taxa richness (73-78%) and abundance (79-91%) can be associated with ambiguous parents. To address this issue, we examined 16 variations of 4 basic methods for resolving ambiguous taxa: RPKC (remove parent, keep child), MCWP (merge child with parent), RPMC (remove parent or merge child with parent depending on their abundances), and DPAC (distribute parents among children). The choice of method strongly affected assemblage structure, assemblage characteristics (e.g., metrics), and the ability to detect responses along environmental (urbanization) gradients. All methods except MCWP produced acceptable results when used consistently within a study. However, the assemblage characteristics (e.g., values of assemblage metrics) differed widely depending on the method used, and data should not be combined unless the methods used to resolve ambiguous taxa are well documented and are known to be comparable. The suitability of the methods was evaluated and compared on the basis of 13 criteria that considered conservation of taxa richness and abundance, consistency among samples, methods, and studies, and effects on the interpretation of the data. Methods RPMC and DPAC had the highest suitability scores regardless of whether ambiguous taxa were resolved for each sample separately or for a group of samples. Method MCWP gave consistently poor results. Methods MCWP and DPAC approximate the use of family-level identifications and operational taxonomic units (OTU), respectively. Our results suggest that restricting identifications to the family level is not a good method of resolving ambiguous taxa, whereas generating OTUs works well provided that documentation issues are addressed. ?? 2007 by The North American Benthological Society.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[286:ATEOTC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Cuffney, T., Bilger, M.D., and Haigler, A., 2007, Ambiguous taxa: Effects on the characterization and interpretation of invertebrate assemblages: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 26, no. 2, p. 286-307, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[286:ATEOTC]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"286","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477279,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1899/0887-3593%282007%2926%5B286%3AATEOTC%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[286:ATEOTC]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9afe4b0c8380cd483ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuffney, T. F.","contributorId":108134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"T. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":14861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haigler, A.M.","contributorId":45119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haigler","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029939,"text":"70029939 - 2007 - Early vegetation development on an exposed reservoir: Implications for dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029939","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early vegetation development on an exposed reservoir: Implications for dam removal","docAbstract":"The 4-year drawdown of Horsetooth Reservoir, Colorado, for dam maintenance, provides a case study analog of vegetation response on sediment that might be exposed from removal of a tall dam. Early vegetation recovery on the exposed reservoir bottom was a combination of (1) vegetation colonization on bare, moist substrates typical of riparian zones and reservoir sediment of shallow dams and (2) a shift in moisture status from mesic to the xeric conditions associated with the pre-impoundment upland position of most of the drawdown zone. Plant communities changed rapidly during the first four years of exposure, but were still substantially different from the background upland plant community. Predictions from the recruitment box model about the locations of Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera (plains cottonwood) seedlings relative to the water surface were qualitatively confirmed with respect to optimum locations. However, the extreme vertical range of water surface elevations produced cottonwood seed regeneration well outside the predicted limits of drawdown rate and height above late summer stage. The establishment and survival of cottonwood at high elevations and the differences between the upland plant community and the community that had developed after four years of exposure suggest that vegetation recovery following tall dam removal will follow a trajectory very different from a simple reversal of the response to dam construction, involving not only long time scales of establishment and growth of upland vegetation, but also possibly decades of persistence of legacy vegetation established during the reservoir to upland transition. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-006-0018-z","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Auble, G., Shafroth, P., Scott, M.L., and Roelle, J.E., 2007, Early vegetation development on an exposed reservoir: Implications for dam removal: Environmental Management, v. 39, no. 6, p. 806-818, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0018-z.","startPage":"806","endPage":"818","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477135,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0018-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212783,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0018-z"},{"id":240321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0492e4b0c8380cd50a76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":91066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029938,"text":"70029938 - 2007 - Biotransformation of caffeine, cotinine, and nicotine in stream sediments: Implications for use as wastewater indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:55:33","indexId":"70029938","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biotransformation of caffeine, cotinine, and nicotine in stream sediments: Implications for use as wastewater indicators","docAbstract":"Microbially catalyzed cleavage of the imadazole ring of caffeine was observed in stream sediments collected upstream and downstream of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in three geographically separate stream systems. Microbial demethylation of the N-methyl component of cotinine and its metabolic precursor, nicotine, also was observed in these sediments. These findings indicate that stream sediment microorganisms are able to substantially alter the chemical structure and thus the analytical signatures of these candidate waste indicator compounds. The potential for in situ biotransformation must be considered if these compounds are employed as markers to identify the sources and track the fate of wastewater compounds in surface-water systems.
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lake level changes during the last 12,000 years in the Lake Michigan basin","docAbstract":"The water level of the Lake Michigan basin is currently 177 m above sea level. Around 9,800 14C years B.P., the lake level in the Lake Michigan basin had dropped to its lowest level in prehistory, about 70 m above sea level. This low level (Lake Chippewa) had profound effects on the rivers flowing directly into the basin. Recent studies of the St. Joseph River indicate that the extreme low lake level rejuvenated the river, causing massive incision of up to 43 m in a valley no more than 1.6 km wide. The incision is seen 25 km upstream of the present shoreline. As lake level rose from the Chippewa low, the St. Joseph River lost competence and its estuary migrated back upstream. Floodplain and channel sediments partially refilled the recently excavated valley leaving a distinctly non-classical morphology of steep sides with a broad, flat bottom. The valley walls of the lower St. Joseph River are 12-18 m tall and borings reveal up to 30 m of infill sediment below the modern floodplain. About 3 ?? 108 m3 of sediment was removed from the St. Joseph River valley during the Chippewa phase lowstand, a massive volume, some of which likely resides in a lowstand delta approximately 30 km off-shore in Lake Michigan. The active floodplain below Niles, Michigan, is inset into an upper terrace and delta graded to the Calumet level (189 m) of Lake Chicago. In the lower portion of the terrace stratigraphy a 1.5-2.0 m thick section of clast-supported gravel marks the entry of the main St. Joseph River drainage above South Bend, Indiana, into the Lake Michigan basin. This gravel layer represents the consolidation of drainage that probably occurred during final melting out of ice-marginal kettle chains allowing stream piracy to proceed between Niles and South Bend. It is unlikely that the St. Joseph River is palimpsest upon a bedrock valley. The landform it cuts across is a glaciofluvial-deltaic feature rather than a classic unsorted moraine that would drape over pre-glacial topography. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10933-006-9045-2","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Kincare, K., 2007, Response of the St. Joseph River to lake level changes during the last 12,000 years in the Lake Michigan basin: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 383-394, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9045-2.","startPage":"383","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9045-2"},{"id":240183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa73e4b0c8380cd8633b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kincare, K.A.","contributorId":61876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kincare","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029930,"text":"70029930 - 2007 - Quantifying tolerance indicator values for common stream fish species of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029930","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying tolerance indicator values for common stream fish species of the United States","docAbstract":"The classification of fish species tolerance to environmental disturbance is often used as a means to assess ecosystem conditions. Its use, however, may be problematic because the approach to tolerance classification is based on subjective judgment. We analyzed fish and physicochemical data from 773 stream sites collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program to calculate tolerance indicator values for 10 physicochemical variables using weighted averaging. Tolerance indicator values (TIVs) for ammonia, chloride, dissolved oxygen, nitrite plus nitrate, pH, phosphorus, specific conductance, sulfate, suspended sediment, and water temperature were calculated for 105 common fish species of the United States. Tolerance indicator values for specific conductance and sulfate were correlated (rho = 0.87), and thus, fish species may be co-tolerant to these water-quality variables. We integrated TIVs for each species into an overall tolerance classification for comparisons with judgment-based tolerance classifications. Principal components analysis indicated that the distinction between tolerant and intolerant classifications was determined largely by tolerance to suspended sediment, specific conductance, chloride, and total phosphorus. Factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH may not be as important in distinguishing between tolerant and intolerant classifications, but may help to segregate species classified as moderate. Empirically derived tolerance classifications were 58.8% in agreement with judgment-derived tolerance classifications. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that few TIVs, primarily chloride, could discriminate among judgment-derived tolerance classifications of tolerant, moderate, and intolerant. To our knowledge, this is the first empirically based understanding of fish species tolerance for stream fishes in the United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.02.004","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Meador, M.R., and Carlisle, D., 2007, Quantifying tolerance indicator values for common stream fish species of the United States: Ecological Indicators, v. 7, no. 2, p. 329-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.02.004.","startPage":"329","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.02.004"},{"id":240182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91efe4b0c8380cd80559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029929,"text":"70029929 - 2007 - Reproductive strategies of northern geese: Why wait?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-09T19:46:16","indexId":"70029929","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive strategies of northern geese: Why wait?","docAbstract":"Migration and reproductive strategies in waterbirds are tightly linked, with timing of arrival and onset of nesting having important consequences for reproductive success. Whether migratory waterbirds are capital or income breeders is predicated by their spring migration schedule, how long they are on breeding areas before nesting, and how adapted they are to exploiting early spring foods at northern breeding areas. However, for most species, we know little about individual migration schedules, arrival times, and duration of residence on breeding areas before nesting. To document these relationships in a northern nesting goose, we radiotracked winter-marked Tule Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons elgasi; hereafter “Tule Geese”; n = 116) from the time of their arrival in Alaska through nesting. Tule Geese arrived on coastal feeding areas in mid-April and moved to nesting locations a week later. They initiated nests 15 days (range: 6–24 days) after arrival, a period roughly equivalent to the duration of rapid follicle growth. Tule Geese that arrived the earliest were more likely to nest than geese that arrived later; early arrivals also spent more time on the breeding grounds and nested earlier than geese that arrived later. The length of the prenesting period was comparable to that of other populations of this species, but longer than for goose species that initiate rapid follicle growth before arrival on the breeding grounds. We suggest that Tule Geese nesting in more temperate climates are more likely to delay breeding to exploit local food resources than Arctic-nesting species that may be constrained by short growing seasons.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[594:RSONGW]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., Bollinger, K., Densmore, R., Rothe, T., Petrula, M., Takekawa, J.Y., and Orthmeyer, D., 2007, Reproductive strategies of northern geese: Why wait?: The Auk, v. 124, no. 2, p. 594-605, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[594:RSONGW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"594","endPage":"605","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[594:rsongw]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8e2e4b0c8380cd85aec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollinger, K.S.","contributorId":85542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Densmore, R.V.","contributorId":72953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rothe, T.C.","contributorId":10016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothe","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petrula, M.J.","contributorId":106713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrula","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70029908,"text":"70029908 - 2007 - Arsenic incorporation into authigenic pyrite, Bengal Basin sediment, Bangladesh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T11:24:51.739136","indexId":"70029908","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic incorporation into authigenic pyrite, Bengal Basin sediment, Bangladesh","docAbstract":"Sediment from two deep boreholes (∼400 m) approximately 90 km apart in southern Bangladesh was analyzed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), total chemical analyses, chemical extractions, and electron probe microanalysis to establish the importance of authigenic pyrite as a sink for arsenic in the Bengal Basin. Authigenic framboidal and massive pyrite (median values 1500 and 3200 ppm As, respectively), is the principal arsenic residence in sediment from both boreholes. Although pyrite is dominant, ferric oxyhydroxides and secondary iron phases contain a large fraction of the sediment-bound arsenic between approximately 20 and 100 m, which is the depth range of wells containing the greatest amount of dissolved arsenic. The lack of pyrite in this interval is attributed to rapid sediment deposition and a low sulfur flux from riverine and atmospheric sources. The ability of deeper aquifers (>150 m) to produce ground water with low dissolved arsenic in southern Bangladesh reflects adequate sulfur supplies and sufficient time to redistribute the arsenic into pyrite during diagenesis.
We examined potential sources and the temporal dynamics of arsenic (As) in the slightly alkaline waters of the Wallkill River, northwestern New Jersey, where violations of water-quality standards have occurred. The study design included synoptic sampling of stream water and bed sediments in tributaries and the mainstem, hyporheic-zone/ground water on the mainstem, and seasonal and diurnal sampling of water at selected mainstem sites. The river valley is bordered by gneiss and granite highlands and shale lowlands and underlain by glacial deposits over faulted dolomites and the Franklin Marble. Ore bodies in the Marble, which have been mined for rare Zn ore minerals, also contain As minerals. Tributaries, which drain predominantly forested and agricultural land, contributed relatively little As to the river. The highest concentrations of As (up to 34 μg/L) emanated from the outlet of man-made Lake Mohawk at the river's headwaters; these inputs varied substantially with season—high during warm months, low during cold months, apparently because of biological activity in the lake. Dissolved As concentrations were lower (3.3 μg/L) in river water than those in ground water discharging into the riverbed (22 μg/L) near the now-closed Franklin Mine. High total As concentrations (100–190 mg/kg) on the < 0.63 μm fraction of bed sediments near the mine apparently result from sorption of the As in the ground-water discharge as well as from the As minerals in the streambed. As concentrations in river water were diluted during high stream flow in fall, winter and spring, and concentrated during low flow in summer. In unfiltered samples from a wetlands site, diurnal cycles in trace-element concentrations occurred; As concentrations appeared to peak during late afternoon as pH increased, but Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations peaked shortly after midnight. The temporal variability of As and its presence at elevated concentrations in ground water and sediments as well as streamwater demonstrate the importance of (1) sampling a variety of media and (2) determining the time scales of As variability to fully characterize its passage through a river system.
Coeur d'Alene Lake in northern Idaho is fed by two major rivers: the Coeur d'Alene River from the east and the St. Joe River from the south, with the Spokane River as its outlet to the north. This phosphorus-limited lake has been subjected to decades of mining (primarily for zinc and silver) and other anthropogenic inputs. A 32 full-factorial experimental design was used to examine the interactive effects of free (uncomplexed) zinc ion and dissolved-orthophosphate concentrations on phytoplankton that were isolated from two sites along a longitudinal zinc-concentration gradient in Coeur d'Alene Lake. The two sites displayed different dominant taxa. Chlorella minutissima, a dominant species near the southern St. Joe River inlet, exhibited greater sensitivity to free Zn ions than Asterionella formosa, collected nearer the Coeur d'Alene River mouth with elevated dissolved-zinc concentrations. Empirical phytoplankton-response models were generated to describe phytoplankton growth in response to remediation strategies in the surrounding watershed. If dissolved Zn can be reduced in the water column from >500 nM (i.e., current concentrations near and down stream of the Coeur d'Alene River plume) to <3 nM (i.e., concentrations near the southern St. Joe River inlet) such that the lake is truly phosphorus limited, management of phosphorus inputs by surrounding communities will ultimately determine the limnologic state of the lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es062923l","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Topping, B.R., Woods, P.F., and Carter, J.L., 2007, Free zinc ion and dissolved orthophosphate effects on phytoplankton from Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 8, p. 2811-2817, https://doi.org/10.1021/es062923l.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2811","endPage":"2817","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.81625366210938,\n 47.68018294648414\n ],\n [\n -116.707763671875,\n 47.66538735632654\n ],\n [\n -116.64596557617188,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -116.64321899414062,\n 47.61079236060622\n ],\n [\n -116.7572021484375,\n 47.61264397257417\n ],\n [\n -116.7681884765625,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -116.75170898437501,\n 47.54038252373696\n ],\n [\n -116.8231201171875,\n 47.484728927366504\n ],\n [\n -116.77780151367186,\n 47.4828727909934\n ],\n [\n -116.75857543945312,\n 47.4828727909934\n ],\n [\n -116.75445556640625,\n 47.45223707184017\n ],\n [\n -116.70639038085938,\n 47.40764414848437\n ],\n [\n -116.67892456054688,\n 47.35836223484991\n ],\n [\n -116.69540405273438,\n 47.33789206010502\n ],\n [\n -116.77230834960938,\n 47.34905859411952\n ],\n [\n -116.78741455078125,\n 47.37975438400816\n ],\n [\n -116.79153442382812,\n 47.41322033016902\n ],\n [\n -116.88079833984375,\n 47.462450962249356\n ],\n [\n -116.94671630859375,\n 47.45687999525879\n ],\n [\n -116.94259643554688,\n 47.47823216312885\n ],\n [\n -116.90826416015625,\n 47.51349065484327\n ],\n [\n -116.87667846679689,\n 47.516273211681984\n ],\n [\n -116.82861328125001,\n 47.58486290927609\n ],\n [\n -116.8780517578125,\n 47.592272635166125\n ],\n [\n -116.8780517578125,\n 47.61264397257417\n ],\n [\n -116.83135986328125,\n 47.61819841513311\n ],\n [\n -116.80938720703124,\n 47.62190104905555\n ],\n [\n -116.82861328125001,\n 47.65613798222679\n ],\n [\n -116.83959960937499,\n 47.67186094318796\n ],\n [\n -116.81625366210938,\n 47.68018294648414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13c1e4b0c8380cd54782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029891,"text":"70029891 - 2007 - Organic compounds in produced waters from coalbed natural gas wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029891","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic compounds in produced waters from coalbed natural gas wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"The organic composition of produced water samples from coalbed natural gas (CBNG) wells in the Powder River Basin, WY, sampled in 2001 and 2002 are reported as part of a larger study of the potential health and environmental effects of organic compounds derived from coal. The quality of CBNG produced waters is a potential environmental concern and disposal problem for CBNG producers, and no previous studies of organic compounds in CBNG produced water have been published. Organic compounds identified in the produced water samples included: phenols, biphenyls, N-, O-, and S-containing heterocyclic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines, various non-aromatic compounds, and phthalates. Many of the identified organic compounds (phenols, heterocyclic compounds, PAHs) are probably coal-derived. PAHs represented the group of organic compounds most commonly observed. Concentrations of total PAHs ranged up to 23 ??g/L. Concentrations of individual compounds ranged from about 18 to <0.01 ??g/L. Temporal variability of organic compound concentrations was documented, as two wells with relatively high organic compound contents in produced water in 2001 had much lower concentrations in 2002. In many areas, including the PRB, coal strata provide aquifers for drinking water wells. Organic compounds observed in produced water are also likely present in drinking water supplied from wells in the coal. Some of the organic compounds identified in the produced water samples are potentially toxic, but at the levels measured in these samples are unlikely to have acute health effects. The human health effects of low-level, chronic exposure to coal-derived organic compounds in drinking water are currently unknown. Continuing studies will evaluate possible toxic effects from low level, chronic exposure to coal-derived organic compounds in drinking water supplies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.010","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Orem, W., Tatu, C., Lerch, H., Rice, C.A., Bartos, T., Bates, A., Tewalt, S., and Corum, M., 2007, Organic compounds in produced waters from coalbed natural gas wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 10, p. 2240-2256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.010.","startPage":"2240","endPage":"2256","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.010"},{"id":240619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f9ce4b0c8380cd75ba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatu, C. A.","contributorId":89942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tatu","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, C. A.","contributorId":106116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartos, T.T.","contributorId":6544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bates, A. L. 0000-0002-4875-4675","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-4675","contributorId":42357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tewalt, S.","contributorId":68048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Corum, M.D.","contributorId":35859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70029888,"text":"70029888 - 2007 - Forward model nonlinearity versus inverse model nonlinearity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029888","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forward model nonlinearity versus inverse model nonlinearity","docAbstract":"The issue of concern is the impact of forward model nonlinearity on the nonlinearity of the inverse model. The question posed is, \"Does increased nonlinearity in the head solution (forward model) always result in increased nonlinearity in the inverse solution (estimation of hydraulic conductivity)?\" It is shown that the two nonlinearities are separate, and it is not universally true that increased forward model nonlinearity increases inverse model nonlinearity. ?? 2007 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00372.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., 2007, Forward model nonlinearity versus inverse model nonlinearity: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 6, p. 791-794, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00372.x.","startPage":"791","endPage":"794","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212980,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00372.x"},{"id":240555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a137de4b0c8380cd5468b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029886,"text":"70029886 - 2007 - The relationship between productivities of salmonids and forest stands in northern California watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T15:08:02","indexId":"70029886","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3744,"text":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between productivities of salmonids and forest stands in northern California watersheds","docAbstract":"Productivities of resident salmonids and upland and riporian forests in 22 small watersheds of coastal northern California were estimated and compared to determine whether: 1) upland site productivity predicted riparian site productivity; 2) either upland or riparian site productivity predicted salmonid productivity; and 3) other parameters explained more of the variance in salmonid productivity. Upland and riparian site productivities were estimated using Site Index values for redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and red alder (Alnus rubra), respectively. Salmonid productivity was indexed by back-calculated length at age 1 of the largest individuals sampled and by total biomass. Upland and riparian site indices were correlated, but neither factor contributed to the best approximating models of salmonid productivity. Total salmonid biomass was best described by a positive relationship with drainage area. Length of dominant fish was best described by a positive relationship with percentage of hardwoods within riparian areas, which may result from nutrient and/or litter subsidies provided by red older. The inability of forest productivity to predict salmon productivity may reflect insufficient variation in independent variables, limitations of the indices, and the operation of other factors affecting salmonid production. The lack of an apparent relationship between upland conifer and salmonid productivity suggests that management of land for timber productivity and component streams for salmonid production in these sites will require separate, albeit integrated, management strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08856095","usgsCitation":"Frazey, S., and Wilzbach, M., 2007, The relationship between productivities of salmonids and forest stands in northern California watersheds: Western Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 22, no. 2, p. 73-80.","startPage":"73","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269924,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.humboldt.edu/cuca/documents/publications/WJAF07.pdf"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf1be4b08c986b324559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazey, S.L.","contributorId":93705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazey","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilzbach, M.A.","contributorId":48505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilzbach","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029884,"text":"70029884 - 2007 - Fractal topography and subsurface water flows from fluvial bedforms to the continental shield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029884","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractal topography and subsurface water flows from fluvial bedforms to the continental shield","docAbstract":"Surface-subsurface flow interactions are critical to a wide range of geochemical and ecological processes and to the fate of contaminants in freshwater environments. Fractal scaling relationships have been found in distributions of both land surface topography and solute efflux from watersheds, but the linkage between those observations has not been realized. We show that the fractal nature of the land surface in fluvial and glacial systems produces fractal distributions of recharge, discharge, and associated subsurface flow patterns. Interfacial flux tends to be dominated by small-scale features while the flux through deeper subsurface flow paths tends to be controlled by larger-scale features. This scaling behavior holds at all scales, from small fluvial bedforms (tens of centimeters) to the continental landscape (hundreds of kilometers). The fractal nature of surface-subsurface water fluxes yields a single scale-independent distribution of subsurface water residence times for both near-surface fluvial systems and deeper hydrogeological flows. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GL029426","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Worman, A., Packman, A., Marklund, L., Harvey, J., and Stone, S., 2007, Fractal topography and subsurface water flows from fluvial bedforms to the continental shield: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029426.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029426"},{"id":240522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13a5e4b0c8380cd5470b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worman, A.","contributorId":105534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Packman, A.I.","contributorId":37539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packman","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marklund, L.","contributorId":69786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marklund","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, S.H.","contributorId":48763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}